,this edition of ,the ,anatomy of       
,melancholy is based on a               
nineteenth-century edition that         
modernized ,burton's spelling and       
typographic conventions4 ,in preparing  
this electronic version1 it became      
evident that the editor had made a      
variety of mistakes in this             
modernization3 some words were left in  
their original spelling 7unusual words  
were a particular problem71 portions of 
book titles were mistaken for proper    
names1 proper names were mistaken for   
book titles or ,latin words1 etc4 ,a    
certain number of misprints were also   
introduced into the ,latin4 ,as a       
result1 ,i have re-edited the text1     
checking it against images of the #afch 
edition1 and correcting all errors not  
present in the earlier edition4 ,i have 
continued to follow the general         
editorial practice of the base text for 
quotation marks1 italics1 etc4 ,rare    
words have been normalized according to 
their primary spelling in the ,oxford   

,english ,dictionary4 ,when ,burton     
spells a person's name in several ways1 
,i have normalized the names to the most
 common spelling1 or to modern practice 
if well-known4 ,in a few cases1 mistakes
 present in both the #afhc edition and  
the base text have been corrected4      
,these are always minor reference errors
 7e4g41 an incorrect or missing section 
number in the synopses1 or misnumbered  
footnotes74 ,incorrect citations to     
other texts 7,burton seems to quote by  
memory and sometimes gets it wrong7 have
 not been changed if they are wrong in  
both editions4 ,to display some symbols 
7astrological signs1 etc47 the ,,html   
version requires a browser with unicode 
support4 ,most recent browsers should be
 ,,ok4--,,kth  ,,frontispiece ,,to ,,the
 ,,original ,,edition  ,illustration    
#a4 ,democritus ,abderites #b4          
,zelotypia #c4 ,solitudo #d4 ,inamorato 
#e4 ,hypocondriacus #f4 ,superstitiosus 
#g4 ,maniacus #h4 ,borage #i4 ,hellebor 
#aj4 ,democritus ,junior ,,the ,,anatomy

 ,,of ,,melancholy ,what it is1 with all
 the kinds1 causes1 symptoms1           
prognostics1 and several cures of it4   
,in three ,partitions1 with their       
several ,sections1 numbers1 and         
subsections4 ,philosophically1          
medicinally1 ,historically1 opened and  
cut up4 ,by ,democritus ,junior ,with a 
,satyrical ,preface conducing to the    
following ,discourse4 ,the ,sixth       
,edition1 corrected and augmented by the
 ,author4 ,omne tulit punctum1 qui      
miscit utile dulce4 ,london ,printed  to
 be sold by ,hen4 ,crips  ,lodo ,lloyd  
at their shop in ,popes-head ,alley4    
#afeb     ,,the  ,,anatomy ,,of         
,,melancholy1  ,,what ,,it ,,is1  ,,with
  ,,all ,,the ,,kinds1 ,,causes1        
,,symptoms1 ,,prognostics1 ,,and        
,,several ,,cures ,,of ,,it4  ,,in      
,,three ,,partitions4  ,,with ,,their   
,,several  ,,sections1 ,,members1 ,,and 
,,subsections1 ,,philosophically1       
,,medically1  ,,historically ,,opened   
,,and ,,cut ,,up4  ,,by ,,democritus    

,,junior4  ,,with  ,a ,,satirical       
,,preface1 ,,conducing ,,to ,,the       
,,following ,,discourse4  ,a ,,new      
,,edition1  ,,corrected1 ,,and          
,,enriched ,,by ,,translations ,,of     
,,the ,,numerous ,,classical ,,extracts4
  ,,by ,,democritus ,,minor4  ,,to      
,,which ,,is ,,prefixed ,,an ,,account  
,,of ,,the ,,author4   ,omne tulit      
punctum1 qui miscuit utile dulci4  ,he  
that joins instruction with delight1    
,profit with pleasure1 carries all the  
votes4   ,,honoratissimo ,,domino  ,,non
 ,,minvs ,,virtute ,,sua1 ,,quam        
,,generis ,,splendore1  ,,illvstrissimo1
  ,,georgio ,,bekkleio1  ,,militi ,,de  
,,balneo1 ,,baroni ,,de ,,berkley1      
,,moubrey1 ,,segrave1  ,d4 ,,de ,,bruse1
  ,,domino ,,suo ,,multis ,,nominibus   
,,observando1  ,,hanc ,,suam            
,,melancholiae ,,anatomen1  ,,jam       
,,sexto ,,revisam1 ,d4,d4  ,,democritus 
,,junior4   ,,advertisement ,,to ,,the  
,,last ,,london ,,edition4  ,the work   
now restored to public notice has had an

 extraordinary fate4 ,at the time of its
 original publication it obtained a     
great celebrity1 which continued more   
than half a century4 ,during that period
 few books were more read1 or more      
deservedly applauded4 ,it was the       
delight of the learned1 the solace of   
the indolent1 and the refuge of the     
uninformed4 ,it passed through at least 
eight editions1 by which the bookseller1
 as ,,wood records1 got an estate2 and1 
notwithstanding the objection sometimes 
opposed against it1 of a quaint style1  
and too great an accumulation of        
authorities1 the fascination of its wit1
 fancy1 and sterling sense1 have borne  
down all censures1 and extorted praise  
from the first ,writers in the ,english 
language4 ,the grave ,,johnson has      
praised it in the warmest terms1 and the
 ludicrous ,,sterne has interwoven many 
parts of it into his own popular        
performance4 ,,milton did not disdain to
 build two of his finest poems on it2   
and a host of inferior writers have     

embellished their works with beauties   
not their own1 culled from a performance
 which they had not the justice even to 
mention4 ,change of times1 and the      
frivolity of fashion1 suspended1 in some
 degree1 that fame which had lasted near
 a century2 and the succeeding          
generation affected indifference towards
 an author1 who at length was only      
looked into by the plunderers of        
literature1 the poachers in obscure     
volumes4 ,the plagiarisms of ,tristram  
,shandy1 so successfully brought to     
light by ,,dr4 ,,ferriar1 at length drew
 the attention of the public towards a  
writer1 who1 though then little known1  
might1 without impeachment of modesty1  
lay claim to every mark of respect2 and 
inquiry proved1 beyond a doubt1 that the
 calls of justice had been little       
attended to by others1 as well as the   
facetious ,,yorick4 ,,wood observed1    
more than a century ago1 that several   
authors had unmercifully stolen matter  
from ,,burton without any               

acknowledgment4 ,the time1 however1 at  
length arrived1 when the merits of the  
,anatomy of ,melancholy were to receive 
their due praise4 ,the book was again   
sought for and read1 and again it became
 an applauded performance4 ,its         
excellencies once more stood confessed1 
in the increased price which every copy 
offered for sale produced2 and the      
increased demand pointed out the        
necessity of a new edition4 ,this is now
 presented to the public in a manner not
 disgraceful to the memory of the       
author2 and the publisher relies with   
confidence1 that so valuable a          
repository of amusement and information 
will continue to hold the rank to which 
it has been restored1 firmly supported  
by its own merit1 and safe from the     
influence and blight of any future      
caprices of fashion4 ,to open its       
valuable mysteries to those who have not
 had the advantage of a classical       
education1 translations of the countless
 quotations from ancient writers which  

occur in the work1 are now for the first
 time given1 and obsolete orthography is
 in all instances modernized4 ,,account 
,,of ,,the ,,author4  ,robert ,burton   
was the son of ,ralph ,burton1 of an    
ancient and genteel family at ,lindley1 
in ,leicestershire1 and was born there  
on the #hth of ,february #aegf4 #a;,he  
received the first rudiments of learning
 at the free school of ,sutton          
,coldfield1 in ,warwickshire #b;from    
whence he was1 at the age of seventeen1 
in the long vacation1 #aeic1 sent to    
,brazen ,nose ,college1 in the condition
 of a commoner1 where he made           
considerable progress in logic and      
philosophy4 ,in #aeii he was elected    
student of ,christ ,church1 and1 for    
form's sake1 was put under the tuition  
of ,dr4 ,john ,bancroft1 afterwards     
,bishop of ,oxford4 ,in #afad he was    
admitted to the reading of the          
,sentences1 and on the #bith of         
,november1 #afaf1 had the vicarage of   
,st4 ,thomas1 in the west suburb of     

,oxford1 conferred on him by the dean   
and canons of ,christ ,church1 which1   
with the rectory of ,segrave1 in        
,leicestershire1 given to him in the    
year #afcf1 by ,george1 ,lord ,berkeley1
 he kept1 to use the words of the       
,oxford antiquary1 with much ado to his 
dying day4 ,he seems to have been first 
beneficed at ,walsby1 in ,lincolnshire1 
through the munificence of his noble    
patroness1 ,frances1 ,countess ,dowager 
of ,exeter1 but resigned the same1 as he
 tells us1 for some special reasons4 ,at
 his vicarage he is remarked to have    
always given the sacrament in wafers4   
,wood's character of him is1 that he was
 an exact mathematician1 a curious      
calculator of nativities1 a general read
 scholar1 a thorough-paced philologist1 
and one that understood the surveying of
 lands well4 ,as he was by many         
accounted a severe student1 a devourer  
of authors1 a melancholy and humorous   
person2 so by others1 who knew him well1
 a person of great honesty1 plain       

dealing and charity4 ,i have heard some 
of the ancients of ,christ ,church often
 say1 that his company was very merry1  
facete1 and juvenile2 and no man in his 
time did surpass him for his ready and  
dexterous interlarding his common       
discourses among them with verses from  
the poets1 or sentences from classic    
authors2 which being then all the       
fashion in the ,university1 made his    
company the more acceptable4 ,he appears
 to have been a universal reader of all 
kinds of books1 and availed himself of  
his multifarious studies in a very      
extraordinary manner4 ,from the         
information of ,hearne1 we learn that   
,john ,rouse1 the ,bodleian librarian1  
furnished him with choice books for the 
prosecution of his work4 ,the subject of
 his labour and amusement1 seems to have
 been adopted from the infirmities of   
his own habit and constitution4 ,mr4    
,granger says1 ,he composed this book   
with a view of relieving his own        
melancholy1 but increased it to such a  

degree1 that nothing could make him     
laugh1 but going to the bridge-foot and 
hearing the ribaldry of the bargemen1   
which rarely failed to throw him into a 
violent fit of laughter4 ,before he was 
overcome with this horrid disorder1 he1 
in the intervals of his vapours1 was    
esteemed one of the most facetious      
companions in the ,university4 ,his     
residence was chiefly at ,oxford2 where1
 in his chamber in ,christ ,church      
,college1 he departed this life1 at or  
very near the time which he had some    
years before foretold1 from the         
calculation of his own nativity1 and    
which1 says ,wood1 being exact1 several 
of the students did not forbear to      
whisper among themselves1 that rather   
than there should be a mistake in the   
calculation1 he sent up his soul to     
heaven through a slip about his neck4   
,whether this suggestion is founded in  
truth1 we have no other evidence than an
 obscure hint in the epitaph hereafter  
inserted1 which was written by the      

author himself1 a short time before his 
death4 ,his body1 with due solemnity1   
was buried near that of ,dr4 ,robert    
,weston1 in the north aisle which joins 
next to the choir of the cathedral of   
,christ ,church1 on the #bgth of        
,january #afci-dj4 ,over his grave was  
soon after erected a comely monument1 on
 the upper pillar of the said aisle1    
with his bust1 painted to the life4 ,on 
the right hand is the following         
calculation of his nativity3            
,illustration  and under the bust1 this 
inscription of his own composition3--   
,paucis notus1 paucioribus ignotus1 ,hic
 jacet ,democritus junior ,cui vitam    
dedit et mortem         ,melancholia    
,ob4 #h ,id4 ,jan4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,mdcxxxix4  
,arms3--,azure on a bend ,o4 between    
three dogs' heads ,o4 a crescent ,g4 ,a 
few months before his death1 he made his
 will1 of which the following is a copy3
 ,,extracted ,,from ,,the ,,registry    
,,of ,,the ,,prerogative ,,court ,,of   
,,canterbury4  ,in nomine ,dei ,amen4   

,august #aeth ,one thousand six hundred 
thirty nine because there be so many    
casualties to which our life is subject 
besides quarrelling and contention which
 happen to our ,successors after our    
,death by reason of unsettled ,estates  
,i ,robert ,burton ,student of          
,christ-church ,oxon4 though my means be
 but small have thought good by this my 
last ,will and ,testament to dispose of 
that little which ,i have and being at  
this present ,i thank ,god in perfect   
health of ,bodie and ,mind and if this  
,testament be not so formal according to
 the nice and strict terms of ,law and  
other ,circumstances peradventure       
required of which ,i am ignorant ,i     
desire howsoever this my ,will may be   
accepted and stand good according to my 
true ,intent and meaning ,first ,i      
bequeath ,animam ,deo ,corpus ,terrae   
whensoever it shall please ,god to call 
me ,i give my ,land in ,higham which my 
good ,father ,ralphe ,burton of ,lindly 
in the ,county of ,leicester ,esquire   

gave me by ,deed of ,gift and that which
 ,i have annexed to that ,farm by       
purchase since1 now leased for thirty   
eight pounds per ,ann4 to mine ,elder   
,brother ,william ,burton of ,lindly    
,esquire during his life and after him  
to his ,heirs ,i make my said ,brother  
,william likewise mine ,executor as well
 as paying such ,annuities and ,legacies
 out of my ,lands and ,goods as are     
hereafter specified ,i give to my nephew
 ,cassibilan ,burton twenty pounds      
,annuity per ,ann4 out of my ,land in   
,higham during his life to be paid at   
two equal payments at our ,lady ,day in 
,lent and ,michaelmas or if he be not   
paid within fourteen ,days after the    
said ,feasts to distrain on any part of 
the ,ground or on any of my ,lands of   
,inheritance ,item ,i give to my ,sister
 ,katherine ,jackson during her life    
eight pounds per ,ann4 ,annuity to be   
paid at the two ,feasts equally as above
 said or else to distrain on the ,ground
 if she be not paid after fourteen days 

at ,lindly as the other some is out of  
the said ,land ,item ,i give to my      
,servant ,john ,upton the ,annuity of   
,forty ,shillings out of my said ,farme 
during his life 7if till then my        
,servant7 to be paid on ,michaelmas day 
in ,lindley each year or else after     
fourteen days to distrain ,now for my   
goods ,i thus dispose them ,first ,i    
give an ,c'th pounds to ,christ ,church 
in ,oxford where ,i have so long lived  
to buy five pounds ,lands per ,ann4 to  
be ,yearly bestowed on ,books for the   
,library ,item ,i give an hundredth     
pound to the ,university ,library of    
,oxford to be bestowed to purchase five 
pound ,land per ,ann4 to be paid out    
,yearly on ,books as ,mrs4 ,brooks      
formerly gave an hundred pounds to buy  
,land to the same purpose and the ,rent 
to the same use ,i give to my ,brother  
,george ,burton twenty pounds and my    
watch ,i give to my ,brother ,ralph     
,burton five pounds ,item ,i give to the
 ,parish of ,seagrave in ,leicestershire

 where ,i am now ,rector ten pounds to  
be given to a certain ,feoffees to the  
perpetual good of the said ,parish ,oxon
 #c;,item ,i give to my ,niece ,eugenia 
,burton ,one hundredth pounds ,item ,i  
give to my ,nephew ,richard ,burton now 
,prisoner in ,london an hundredth pound 
to redeem him ,item ,i give to the ,poor
 of ,higham ,forty ,shillings where my  
,land is to the poor of ,nuneaton where 
,i was once a ,grammar ,scholar three   
pound to my ,cousin ,purfey of ,wadlake 
,wadley my ,cousin ,purfey of ,calcott  
my ,cousin ,hales of ,coventry my       
,nephew ,bradshaw of ,orton twenty      
shillings a piece for a small           
remembrance to ,mr4 ,whitehall ,rector  
of ,cherkby myne own ,chamber ,fellow   
twenty shillings ,i desire my ,brother  
,george and my ,cosen ,purfey of        
,calcott to be the ,overseers of this   
part of my ,will ,i give moreover five  
pounds to make a small ,monument for my 
,mother where she is buried in ,london  
to my ,brother ,jackson forty shillings 

to my ,servant ,john ,upton forty       
shillings besides his former ,annuity if
 he be my ,servant till ,i die if he be 
till then my ,servant #d--,,robert      
,,burton--,charles ,russell             
,witness--,john ,pepper ,witness4 ,an   
,appendix to this my ,will if ,i die in 
,oxford or whilst ,i am of ,christ      
,church and with good ,mr4 ,paynes      
,august the ,fifteenth #afci4 ,i give to
 ,mr4 ,doctor ,fell ,dean of ,christ    
,church ,forty ,shillings to the ,eight 
,canons twenty ,shillings a piece as a  
small remembrance to the poor of ,st4   
,thomas ,parish ,twenty ,shillings to   
,brasenose ,library five pounds to ,mr4 
,rowse of ,oriell ,colledge twenty      
,shillings to ,mr4 ,heywood xxs4 to ,dr4
 ,metcalfe xxs4 to ,mr4 ,sherley xxs4   
,if ,i have any ,books the ,university  
,library hath not1 let them take them   
,if ,i have any ,books our own ,library 
hath not1 let them take them ,i give to 
,mrs4 ,fell all my ,english ,books of   
,husbandry one excepted to her ,daughter

 ,mrs4 ,katherine ,fell my ,six ,pieces 
of ,silver ,plate and six ,silver spoons
 to ,mrs4 ,iles my ,gerards ,herball ,to
 ,mrs4 ,morris my ,country ,farme       
,translated out of ,french #d4 and all  
my ,english ,physick ,books to ,mr4     
,whistler the ,recorder of ,oxford ,i   
give twenty shillings to all my fellow  
,students ,mrs of ,arts a ,book in fol4 
or two a piece as ,master ,morris       
,treasurer or ,mr4 ,dean shall appoint  
whom ,i request to be the ,overseer of  
this ,appendix and give him for his     
pains ,atlas ,geografer and ,ortelius   
,theatrum ,mond' ,i give to ,john ,fell 
the ,dean's ,son ,student my            
,mathematical ,instruments except my two
 ,crosse ,staves which ,i give to my    
,lord of ,donnol if he be then of the   
,house ,to ,thomas ,iles ,doctor ,iles  
his ,son ,student ,saluntch on          
,paurrhelia and ,lucian's ,works in #d  
,tomes ,if any books be left let my     
,executors dispose of them with all such
 ,books as are written with my own hands

 and half my ,melancholy ,copy for      
,crips hath the other half ,to ,mr4     
,jones ,chaplin and ,chanter my         
,surveying ,books and ,instruments ,to  
the ,servants of the ,house ,forty      
,shillings ,,rob4 ,,burton--,charles    
,russell ,witness--,john ,pepper        
,witness--,this ,will was shewed to me  
by the ,testator and acknowledged by him
 some few days before his death to be   
his last ,will ,ita ,testor ,john       
,morris ,s ,th ,d4 ,prebendari' ,eccl   
,chri' ,oxon ,feb4 #c1 #afci4 ,probatum 
fuit ,testamentum suprascriptum1 c4 #aa 
#afdj ,juramento ,willmi ,burton ,fris' 
et ,executoris cui c4 de bene et        
fideliter administrand4 c4 coram        
,mag'ris ,nathanaele ,stephens ,rectore 
,eccl4 de ,drayton1 et ,edwardo ,farmer1
 ,clericis1 vigore commissionis1 c4 ,the
 only work our author executed was that 
now reprinted1 which probably was the   
principal employment of his life4 ,dr4  
,ferriar says1 it was originally        
published in the year #afag2 but this is

 evidently a mistake2 #ethe first       
edition was that printed in #dto1 #afba1
 a copy of which is at present in the   
collection of ,john ,nichols1 ,esq41 the
 indefatigable illustrator of the       
,history of ,leicestershire2 to whom1   
and to ,isaac ,reed1 ,esq41 of ,staple  
,inn1 this account is greatly indebted  
for its accuracy4 ,the other impressions
 of it were in #afbd1 #afbh1 #afcb1     
#afch1 #afea-b1 #affj1 and #afgf1 which 
last1 in the titlepage1 is called the   
eighth edition4 ,the copy from which the
 present is reprinted1 is that of       
#afea-b2 at the conclusion of which is  
the following address3 ,,to ,,the       
,,reader4 ,be pleased to know           
7,courteous ,reader7 that since the last
 ,impression of this ,book1 the         
ingenuous ,author of it is deceased1    
leaving a ,copy of it exactly corrected1
 with several considerable ,additions by
 his own hand2 this ,copy he committed  
to my care and custody1 with directions 
to have those ,additions inserted in the

 next ,edition2 which in order to his   
command1 and the ,publicke ,good1 is    
faithfully performed in this last       
,impression4 ,h4 ,c4 7i4e4 ,,hen4       
,,cripps47 ,the following testimonies of
 various authors will serve to show the 
estimation in which this work has been  
held3-- ,the ,,anatomy ,,of             
,,melancholy1 wherein the author hath   
piled up variety of much excellent      
learning4 ,scarce any book of philology 
in our land hath1 in so short a time1   
passed so many editions4--,fuller's     
,worthies1 fol4 #af4 ',tis a book so    
full of variety of reading1 that        
gentlemen who have lost their time1 and 
are put to a push for invention1 may    
furnish themselves with matter for      
common or scholastical discourse and    
writing4--,wood's ,athenae ,oxoniensis1 
vol4 i4 p4 #fbh4 #b;d edit4 ,if you     
never saw ,,burton ,,upon ,,melancholy1 
printed #afgf1 ,i pray look into it1 and
 read the ninth page of his ,preface1   
',democritus to the ,reader4' ,there is 

something there which touches the point 
we are upon2 but ,i mention the author  
to you1 as the pleasantest1 the most    
learned1 and the most full of sterling  
sense4 ,the wits of ,queen ,anne's      
reign1 and the beginning of ,george the 
,first1 were not a little beholden to   
him4--,archbishop ,herring's ,letters1  
#abmo4 #aggg4 p4 #adi4 ,,burton',s      
,,anatomy ,,of ,,melancholy1 he 7,dr4   
,johnson7 said1 was the only book that  
ever took him out of bed two hours      
sooner than he wished to                
rise4--,boswell's ,life of ,johnson1    
vol4 i4 p4 #ehj4 #hvo4 edit4 ,,burton',s
 ,,anatomy ,,of ,,melancholy is a       
valuable book1 said ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,it  
is1 perhaps1 overloaded with quotation4 
,but there is great spirit and great    
power in what ,burton says when he      
writes from his own mind4--,ibid1 vol4  
ii4 p4 #cbe4 ,it will be no detraction  
from the powers of ,milton's original   
genius and invention1 to remark1 that he
 seems to have borrowed the subject of  

,l' ,allegro and ,il ,penseroso1        
together with some particular thoughts1 
expressions1 and rhymes1 more especially
 the idea of a contrast between these   
two dispositions1 from a forgotten poem 
prefixed to the first edition of        
,,burton',s ,,anatomy ,,of ,,melancholy1
 entitled1 ',the ,author's ,abstract of 
,melancholy2 or1 ,a ,dialogue between   
,pleasure and ,pain4' ,here pain is     
melancholy4 ,it was written1 as ,i      
conjecture1 about the year #afjj4 ,i    
will make no apology for abstracting and
 citing as much of this poem as will be 
sufficient to prove1 to a discerning    
reader1 how far it had taken possession 
of ,milton's mind4 ,the measure will    
appear to be the same2 and that our     
author was at least an attentive reader 
of ,burton's book1 may be already       
concluded from the traces of resemblance
 which ,i have incidentally noticed in  
passing through the ,l' ,allegro and ,il
 ,penseroso4--,after extracting the     
lines1 ,mr4 ,warton adds1 as to the very

 elaborate work to which these visionary
 verses are no unsuitable introduction1 
the writer's variety of learning1 his   
quotations from scarce and curious      
books1 his pedantry sparkling with rude 
wit and shapeless elegance1             
miscellaneous matter1 intermixture of   
agreeable tales and illustrations1 and1 
perhaps1 above all1 the singularities of
 his feelings1 clothed in an uncommon   
quaintness of style1 have contributed to
 render it1 even to modern readers1 a   
valuable repository of amusement and    
information4--,warton's ,milton1 #b;d   
edit4 p4 #id4 ,,the ,,anatomy ,,of      
,,melancholy is a book which has been   
universally read and admired4 ,this work
 is1 for the most part1 what the author 
himself styles it1 'a cento2' but it is 
a very ingenious one4 ,his quotations1  
which abound in every page1 are         
pertinent2 but if he had made more use  
of his invention and less of his        
commonplace-book1 his work would perhaps
 have been more valuable than it is4 ,he

 is generally free from the affected    
language and ridiculous metaphors which 
disgrace most of the books of his       
time4--,granger's ,biographical         
,history4 ,,burton',s ,,anatomy ,,of    
,,melancholy1 a book once the favourite 
of the learned and the witty1 and a     
source of surreptitious learning1 though
 written on a regular plan1 consists    
chiefly of quotations3 the author has   
honestly termed it a cento4 ,he         
collects1 under every division1 the     
opinions of a multitude of writers1     
without regard to chronological order1  
and has too often the modesty to decline
 the interposition of his own           
sentiments4 ,indeed the bulk of his     
materials generally overwhelms him4 ,in 
the course of his folio he has contrived
 to treat a great variety of topics1    
that seem very loosely connected with   
the general subject2 and1 like ,bayle1  
when he starts a favourite train of     
quotations1 he does not scruple to let  
the digression outrun the principal     

question4 ,thus1 from the doctrines of  
religion to military discipline1 from   
inland navigation to the morality of    
dancing-schools1 every thing is         
discussed and determined4--,ferriar's   
,illustrations of ,sterne1 p4 #eh4 ,the 
archness which ,,burton displays        
occasionally1 and his indulgence of     
playful digressions from the most       
serious discussions1 often give his     
style an air of familiar conversation1  
notwithstanding the laborious           
collections which supply his text4 ,he  
was capable of writing excellent poetry1
 but he seems to have cultivated this   
talent too little4 ,the ,english verses 
prefixed to his book1 which possess     
beautiful imagery1 and great sweetness  
of versification1 have been frequently  
published4 ,his ,latin elegiac verses   
addressed to his book1 shew a very      
agreeable turn for raillery4--,ibid4 p4 
#eh4 ,when the force of the subject     
opens his own vein of prose1 we discover
 valuable sense and brilliant           

expression4 ,such is his account of the 
first feelings of melancholy persons1   
written1 probably1 from his own         
experience4 ,see p4 #aed1 of the present
 edition4--,ibid4 p4 #fj4 ,during a     
pedantic age1 like that in which        
,,burton',s production appeared1 it must
 have been eminently serviceable to     
writers of many descriptions4 ,hence the
 unlearned might furnish themselves with
 appropriate scraps of ,greek and       
,latin1 whilst men of letters would find
 their enquiries shortened1 by knowing  
where they might look for what both     
ancients and moderns had advanced on the
 subject of human passions4 ,i confess  
my inability to point out any other     
,english author who has so largely dealt
 in apt and original                    
quotation4--,manuscript note of the late
 ,george ,steevens1 ,esq41 in his copy  
of ,,the ,,anatomy ,,of ,,melancholy4   
,,democritus ,,junior ,,ad ,,librum     
,,suum4   ,vade liber1 qualis1 non ausum
 dicere1 felix1 ,te nisi felicem fecerit

 ,alma dies4  ,vade tamen quocunque     
lubet1 quascunque per oras1 ,et ,genium 
,domini fac imitere tui4  ,i blandas    
inter ,charites1 mystamque saluta       
,musarum quemvis1 si tibi lector erit4  
,rura colas1 urbem1 subeasve palatia    
regum1 ,submisse1 placide1 te sine dente
 geras4  ,nobilis1 aut si quis te forte 
inspexerit heros1 ,da te morigerum1     
perlegat usque lubet4  ,est quod        
,nobilitas1 est quod desideret heros1   
,gratior haec forsan charta placere     
potest4  ,si quis morosus ,cato1        
tetricusque ,senator1 ,hunc etiam librum
 forte videre velit1  ,sive magistratus1
 tum te reverenter habeto2 ,sed nullus2 
muscas non capiunt ,aquilae4  ,non vacat
 his tempus fugitivum impendere nugis1  
,nec tales cupio2 par mihi lector erit4 
,si matrona gravis casu diverterit      
istuc1 ,illustris domina1 aut te        
,comitissa legat3  ,est quod displiceat1
 placeat quod forsitan illis1 ,ingerere 
his noli te modo1 pande tamen4  ,at si  
virgo tuas dignabitur inclyta chartas   

,tangere1 sive schedis haereat illa     
tuis3  ,da modo te facilem1 et quaedam  
folia esse memento ,conveniant oculis   
quae magis apta suis4  ,si generosa     
ancilla tuos aut alma puella ,visura est
 ludos1 annue1 pande lubens4  ,dic      
utinam nunc ipse meus #f7nam diligit    
istas7 ,in praesens esset conspiciendus 
herus4  ,ignotus notusve mihi de gente  
togata ,sive aget in ludis1 pulpita sive
 colet1  ,sive in ,lycaeo1 et nugas     
evolverit istas1 ,si quasdam mendas     
viderit inspiciens1  ,da veniam         
,authori1 dices2 nam plurima vellet     
,expungi1 quae jam displicuisse sciat4  
,sive ,melancholicus quisquam1 seu      
blandus ,amator1 ,aulicus aut ,civis1   
seu bene comptus eques  ,huc appellat1  
age et tuto te crede legenti1 ,multa    
istic forsan non male nata leget4  ,quod
 fugiat1 caveat1 quodque amplexabitur1  
ista ,pagina fortassis promere multa    
potest4  ,at si quis ,medicus coram te  
sistet1 amice ,fac circumspecte1 et te  
sine labe geras3  ,inveniet namque ipse 

meis quoque plurima scriptis1 ,non leve 
subsidium quae sibi forsan erunt4  ,si  
quis ,causidicus chartas impingat in    
istas1 ,nil mihi vobiscum1 pessima turba
 vale2  ,sit nisi vir bonus1 et juris   
sine fraude peritus1 ,tum legat1 et     
forsan doctior inde siet4  ,si quis     
cordatus1 facilis1 lectorque benignus   
,huc oculos vertat1 quae velit ipse     
legat2  ,candidus ignoscet1 metuas nil1 
pande libenter1 ,offensus mendis non    
erit ille tuis1  ,laudabit nonnulla4    
,venit si ,rhetor ineptus1 ,limata et   
tersa1 et qui bene cocta petit1  ,claude
 citus librum2 nulla hic nisi ferrea    
verba1 ,offendent stomachum quae minus  
apta suum4  ,at si quis non eximius de  
plebe poeta1 ,annue2 namque istic       
plurima ficta leget4  ,nos sumus e      
numero1 nullus mihi spirat ,apollo1     
,grandiloquus ,vates quilibet esse      
nequit4  ,si ,criticus ,lector1 tumidus 
,censorque molestus1 ,zoilus et ,momus1 
si rabiosa cohors3  ,ringe1 freme1 et   
noli tum pandere1 turba malignis ,si    

occurrat sannis invidiosa suis3  ,fac   
fugias2 si nulla tibi sit copia eundi1  
,contemnes1 tacite scommata quaeque     
feres4  ,frendeat1 allatret1 vacuas     
gannitibus auras ,impleat1 haud cures2  
his placuisse nefas4  ,verum age si     
forsan divertat purior hospes1 ,cuique  
sales1 ludi1 displiceantque joci1       
,objiciatque tibi sordes1 lascivaque3   
dices1 ,lasciva est ,domino et ,musa    
jocosa tuo1  ,nec lasciva tamen1 si     
pensitet omne2 sed esto2 ,sit lasciva   
licet pagina1 vita proba est4           
,barbarus1 indoctusque rudis spectator  
in istam ,si messem intrudat1 fuste     
fugabis eum1  ,fungum pelle procul      
7jubeo7 nam quid mihi fungo8 ,conveniunt
 stomacho non minus ista suo4  ,sed nec 
pelle tamen2 laeto omnes accipe vultu1  
,quos1 quas1 vel quales1 inde vel unde  
viros4  ,gratus erit quicunque venit1   
gratissimus hospes ,quisquis erit1      
facilis difficilisque mihi4  ,nam si    
culparit1 quaedam culpasse juvabit1     
,culpando faciet me meliora sequi4  ,sed

 si laudarit1 neque laudibus efferar    
ullis1 ,sit satis hisce malis opposuisse
 bonum4  ,haec sunt quae nostro placuit 
mandare libello1 ,et quae dimittens     
dicere jussit ,herus4   ,,democritus    
,,junior ,,to ,,his ,,book              
,,paraphrastic ,,metrical ,,translation4
   ,go forth my book into the open day2 
,happy1 if made so by its garish eye4   
,o'er earth's wide surface take thy     
vagrant way1 ,to imitate thy master's   
genius try4  ,the ,graces three1 the    
,muses nine salute1 ,should those who   
love them try to con thy lore4  ,the    
country1 city seek1 grand thrones to    
boot1 ,with gentle courtesy humbly bow  
before4  ,should nobles gallant1        
soldiers frank and brave ,seek thy      
acquaintance1 hail their first advance3 
,from twitch of care thy pleasant vein  
may save1 ,may laughter cause or wisdom 
give perchance4  ,some surly ,cato1     
,senator austere1 ,haply may wish to    
peep into thy book3  ,seem very         
nothing--tremble and revere3 ,no        

forceful eagles1 butterflies e'er look4 
,they love not thee3 of them then little
 seek1 ,and wish for readers triflers   
like thyself4  ,of ludeful matron       
watchful catch the beck1 ,or gorgeous   
countess full of pride and pelf4  ,they 
may say pish6 and frown1 and yet read   
on3 ,cry odd1 and silly1 coarse1 and yet
 amusing4  ,should dainty damsels seek  
thy page to con1 ,spread thy best       
stores3 to them be ne'er refusing3      
,say1 fair one1 master loves thee dear  
as life2 ,would he were here to gaze on 
thy sweet look4  ,should known or       
unknown student1 freed from strife ,of  
logic and the schools1 explore my book3 
,cry mercy critic1 and thy book         
withhold3 ,be some few errors pardon'd  
though observ'd3  ,an humble author to  
implore makes bold4 ,thy kind           
indulgence1 even undeserv'd1  ,should   
melancholy wight or pensive lover1      
,courtier1 snug cit1 or carpet knight so
 trim  ,our blossoms cull1 he'll find   
himself in clover1 ,gain sense from     

precept1 laughter from our whim4        
,should learned leech with solemn air   
unfold ,thy leaves1 beware1 be civil1   
and be wise3  ,thy volume many precepts 
sage may hold1 ,his well fraught head   
may find no trifling prize4  ,should    
crafty lawyer trespass on our ground1   
,caitiffs avaunt6 disturbing tribe away6
  ,unless 7white crow7 an honest one be 
found2 ,he'll better1 wiser go for what 
we say4  ,should some ripe scholar1     
gentle and benign1 ,with candour1 care1 
and judgment thee peruse3  ,thy faults  
to kind oblivion he'll consign2 ,nor to 
thy merit will his praise refuse4  ,thou
 may'st be searched for polish'd words  
and verse ,by flippant spouter1 emptiest
 of praters3  ,tell him to seek them in 
some mawkish verse3 ,my periods all are 
rough as nutmeg graters4  ,the doggerel 
poet1 wishing thee to read1 ,reject not2
 let him glean thy jests and stories4   
,his brother ,i1 of lowly sembling      
breed3 ,apollo grants to few ,parnassian
 glories4  ,menac'd by critic with sour 

furrowed brow1 ,momus or ,troilus or    
,scotch reviewer3  ,ruffle your heckle1 
grin and growl and vow3 ,ill-natured    
foes you thus will find the fewer1      
,when foul-mouth'd senseless railers cry
 thee down1 ,reply not3 fly1 and show   
the rogues thy stern2  ,they are not    
worthy even of a frown3 ,good taste or  
breeding they can never learn2  ,or let 
them clamour1 turn a callous ear1 ,as   
though in dread of some harsh donkey's  
bray4  ,if chid by censor1 friendly     
though severe1 ,to such explain and turn
 thee not away4  ,thy vein1 says he     
perchance1 is all too free2 ,thy smutty 
language suits not learned pen3  ,reply1
 ,good ,sir1 throughout1 the context    
see2 ,thought chastens thought2 so      
prithee judge again4  ,besides1 although
 my master's pen may wander ,through    
devious paths1 by which it ought not    
stray1  ,his life is pure1 beyond the   
breath of slander3 ,so pardon grant2    
'tis merely but his way4  ,some rugged  
ruffian makes a hideous rout-- ,brandish

 thy cudgel1 threaten him to baste2     
,the filthy fungus far from thee cast   
out2 ,such noxious banquets never suit  
my taste4  ,yet1 calm and cautious      
moderate thy ire1 ,be ever courteous    
should the case allow--  ,sweet malt is 
ever made by gentle fire3 ,warm to thy  
friends1 give all a civil bow4  ,even   
censure sometimes teaches to improve1   
,slight frosts have often cured too rank
 a crop1  ,so1 candid blame my spleen   
shall never move1 ,for skilful gard'ners
 wayward branches lop4  ,go then1 my    
book1 and bear my words in mind2 ,guides
 safe at once1 and pleasant them you'll 
find4   ,,the ,,argument ,,of ,,the     
,,frontispiece4   ,ten distinct ,squares
 here seen apart1 ,are joined in one by 
,cutter's art4 ,i4 ,old ,democritus     
under a tree1 ,sits on a stone with book
 on knee2 ,about him hang there many    
features1 ,of ,cats1 ,dogs and such like
 creatures1 ,of which he makes anatomy1 
,the seat of black choler to see4 ,over 
his head appears the sky1 ,and ,saturn  

,lord of melancholy4  ,,ii4 ,to the left
 a landscape of ,jealousy1 ,presents    
itself unto thine eye4 ,a ,kingfisher1 a
 ,swan1 an ,hern1 ,two fighting-cocks   
you may discern1 ,two roaring ,bulls    
each other hie1 ,to assault concerning  
venery4 ,symbols are these2 ,i say no   
more1 ,conceive the rest by that's      
afore4  ,,iii4 ,the next of             
solitariness1 ,a portraiture doth well  
express1 ,by sleeping dog1 cat3 ,buck   
and ,doe1 ,hares1 ,conies in the desert 
go3 ,bats1 ,owls the shady bowers over1 
,in melancholy darkness hover4 ,mark    
well3 ,if't be not as't should be1      
,blame the bad ,cutter1 and not me4     
,,iv4 ,i'th' under column there doth    
stand ,inamorato with folded hand2 ,down
 hangs his head1 terse and polite1 ,some
 ditty sure he doth indite4 ,his lute   
and books about him lie1 ,as symptoms of
 his vanity4 ,if this do not enough     
disclose1 ,to paint him1 take thyself by
 th' nose4  ,v4 ,hypocondriacus leans on
 his arm1 ,wind in his side doth him    

much harm1 ,and troubles him full sore1 
,god knows1 ,much pain he hath and many 
woes4 ,about him pots and glasses lie1  
,newly brought from's ,apothecary4 ,this
 ,saturn's aspects signify1 ,you see    
them portray'd in the sky4  ,,vi4       
,beneath them kneeling on his knee1 ,a  
superstitious man you see3 ,he fasts1   
prays1 on his ,idol fixt1 ,tormented    
hope and fear betwixt3 ,for ,hell       
perhaps he takes more pain1 ,than thou  
dost ,heaven itself to gain4 ,alas poor 
soul1 ,i pity thee1 ,what stars incline 
thee so to be8  ,,vii4 ,but see the     
madman rage downright ,with furious     
looks1 a ghastly sight4 ,naked in chains
 bound doth he lie1 ,and roars amain he 
knows not why6 ,observe him2 for as in a
 glass1 ,thine angry portraiture it was4
 ,his picture keeps still in thy        
presence2 ',twixt him and thee1 there's 
no difference4  ,,viii1 ,,ix4 ,borage   
and ,hellebor fill two scenes1          
,sovereign plants to purge the veins ,of
 melancholy1 and cheer the heart1 ,of   

those black fumes which make it smart2  
,to clear the brain of misty fogs1      
,which dull our senses1 and ,soul clogs4
 ,the best medicine that e'er ,god made 
,for this malady1 if well assay'd4  ,x4 
,now last of all to fill a place1       
,presented is the ,author's face2 ,and  
in that habit which he wears1 ,his image
 to the world appears4 ,his mind no art 
can well express1 ,that by his writings 
you may guess4 ,it was not pride1 nor   
yet vainglory1 7,though others do it    
commonly7 ,made him do this3 if you must
 know1 ,the ,printer would needs have it
 so4 ,then do not frown or scoff at it1 
,deride not1 or detract a whit4 ,for    
surely as thou dost by him1 ,he will do 
the same again4 ,then look upon't1      
behold and see1 ,as thou lik'st it1 so  
it likes thee4 ,and ,i for it will stand
 in view1 ,thine to command1 ,reader1   
adieu4   ,,the ,,author',s ,,abstract   
,,of ,,melancholy1   ,when ,i go musing 
all alone ,thinking of divers things    
fore-known4 ,when ,i build castles in   

the air1 ,void of sorrow and void of    
fear1 ,pleasing myself with phantasms   
sweet1 ,methinks the time runs very     
fleet4  ,all my joys to this are folly1 
,naught so sweet as melancholy4  ,when  
,i lie waking all alone1 ,recounting    
what ,i have ill done1 ,my thoughts on  
me then tyrannise1 ,fear and sorrow me  
surprise1 ,whether ,i tarry still or go1
 ,methinks the time moves very slow4    
,all my griefs to this are jolly1       
,naught so mad as melancholy4  ,when to 
myself ,i act and smile1 ,with pleasing 
thoughts the time beguile1 ,by a brook  
side or wood so green1 ,unheard1        
unsought for1 or unseen1 ,a thousand    
pleasures do me bless1 ,and crown my    
soul with happiness4  ,all my joys      
besides are folly1 ,none so sweet as    
melancholy4  ,when ,i lie1 sit1 or walk 
alone1 ,i sigh1 ,i grieve1 making great 
moan1 ,in a dark grove1 or irksome den1 
,with discontents and ,furies then1 ,a  
thousand miseries at once ,mine heavy   
heart and soul ensconce1  ,all my griefs

 to this are jolly1 ,none so sour as    
melancholy4  ,methinks ,i hear1 methinks
 ,i see1 ,sweet music1 wondrous melody1 
,towns1 palaces1 and cities fine2 ,here 
now1 then there2 the world is mine1     
,rare beauties1 gallant ladies shine1   
,whate'er is lovely or divine4  ,all    
other joys to this are folly1 ,none so  
sweet as melancholy4  ,methinks ,i hear1
 methinks ,i see ,ghosts1 goblins1      
fiends2 my phantasy ,presents a thousand
 ugly shapes1 ,headless bears1 black    
men1 and apes1 ,doleful outcries1 and   
fearful sights1 ,my sad and dismal soul 
affrights4  ,all my griefs to this are  
jolly1 ,none so damn'd as melancholy4   
,methinks ,i court1 methinks ,i kiss1   
,methinks ,i now embrace my mistress4 ,o
 blessed days1 ,o sweet content1 ,in    
,paradise my time is spent4 ,such       
thoughts may still my fancy move1 ,so   
may ,i ever be in love4  ,all my joys to
 this are folly1 ,naught so sweet as    
melancholy4  ,when ,i recount love's    
many frights1 ,my sighs and tears1 my   

waking nights1 ,my jealous fits2 ,o mine
 hard fate ,i now repent1 but 'tis too  
late4 ,no torment is so bad as love1 ,so
 bitter to my soul can prove4  ,all my  
griefs to this are jolly1 ,naught so    
harsh as melancholy4  ,friends and      
companions get you gone1 ',tis my desire
 to be alone2 ,ne'er well but when my   
thoughts and ,i ,do domineer in privacy4
 ,no ,gem1 no treasure like to this1    
',tis my delight1 my crown1 my bliss4   
,all my joys to this are folly1 ,naught 
so sweet as melancholy4  ',tis my sole  
plague to be alone1 ,i am a beast1 a    
monster grown1 ,i will no light nor     
company1 ,i find it now my misery4 ,the 
scene is turn'd1 my joys are gone1      
,fear1 discontent1 and sorrows come4    
,all my griefs to this are jolly1       
,naught so fierce as melancholy4  ,i'll 
not change life with any king1 ,i       
ravisht am3 can the world bring ,more   
joy1 than still to laugh and smile1 ,in 
pleasant toys time to beguile8 ,do not1 
,o do not trouble me1 ,so sweet content 

,i feel and see4  ,all my joys to this  
are folly1 ,none so divine as           
melancholy4  ,i'll change my state with 
any wretch1 ,thou canst from gaol or    
dunghill fetch2 ,my pain's past cure1   
another hell1 ,i may not in this torment
 dwell6 ,now desperate ,i hate my life1 
,lend me a halter or a knife2  ,all my  
griefs to this are jolly1 ,naught so    
damn'd as melancholy4   ,,democritus    
,,junior ,,to ,,the ,,reader4  ,gentle  
reader1 ,i presume thou wilt be very    
inquisitive to know what antic or       
personate actor this is1 that so        
insolently intrudes upon this common    
theatre1 to the world's view1 arrogating
 another man's name2 whence he is1 why  
he doth it1 and what he hath to say2    
although1 as #g;he said1 ,primum si     
noluero1 non respondebo1 quis coacturus 
est8 ,i am a free man born1 and may     
choose whether ,i will tell2 who can    
compel me8 ,if ,i be urged1 ,i will as  
readily reply as that ,egyptian in      
#h,plutarch1 when a curious fellow would

 needs know what he had in his basket1  
,quum vides velatam1 quid inquiris in   
rem absconditam8 ,it was therefore      
covered1 because he should not know what
 was in it4 ,seek not after that which  
is hid2 if the contents please thee1    
#i;and be for thy use1 suppose the ,man 
in the ,moon1 or whom thou wilt to be   
the author2 ,i would not willingly be   
known4 ,yet in some sort to give thee   
satisfaction1 which is more than ,i     
need1 ,i will show a reason1 both of    
this usurped name1 title1 and subject4  
,and first of the name of ,democritus2  
lest any man1 by reason of it1 should be
 deceived1 expecting a pasquil1 a       
satire1 some ridiculous treatise 7as ,i 
myself should have done71 some          
prodigious tenet1 or paradox of the     
earth's motion1 of infinite worlds1 in  
infinito vacuo1 ex fortuita atomorum    
collisione1 in an infinite waste1 so    
caused by an accidental collision of    
motes in the sun1 all which ,democritus 
held1 ,epicurus and their master        

,lucippus of old maintained1 and are    
lately revived by ,copernicus1 ,brunus1 
and some others4 ,besides1 it hath been 
always an ordinary custom1 as           
#aj;,gellius observes1 for later writers
 and impostors1 to broach many absurd   
and insolent fictions1 under the name of
 so noble a philosopher as ,democritus1 
to get themselves credit1 and by that   
means the more to be respected1 as      
artificers usually do1 ,novo qui marmori
 ascribunt ,praxatilem suo4 ',tis not so
 with me4 #aa,non hic ,centaurus1 non   
,gorgonas1 ,harpyasque ,invenies1       
hominem pagina nostra sapit4  ,no       
,centaurs here1 or ,gorgons look to     
find1 ,my subject is of man and human   
kind4  ,thou thyself art the subject of 
my discourse4 #ab,quicquid agunt        
homines1 votum1 timor1 ira1 voluptas1   
,gaudia1 discursus1 nostri farrago      
libelli4  ,whate'er men do1 vows1 fears1
 in ire1 in sport1 ,joys1 wand'rings1   
are the sum of my report4  ,my intent is
 no otherwise to use his name1 than     

,mercurius ,gallobelgicus1 ,mercurius   
,britannicus1 use the name of ,mercury1 
#ac;,democritus ,christianus1 c42       
although there be some other            
circumstances for which ,i have masked  
myself under this vizard1 and some      
peculiar respect which ,i cannot so well
 express1 until ,i have set down a brief
 character of this our ,democritus1 what
 he was1 with an epitome of his life4   
,democritus1 as he is described by      
#ad;,hippocrates and #ae,laertius1 was a
 little wearish old man1 very melancholy
 by nature1 averse from company in his  
latter days1 #af;and much given to      
solitariness1 a famous philosopher in   
his age1 #ag;coaevus with ,socrates1    
wholly addicted to his studies at the   
last1 and to a private life3 wrote many 
excellent works1 a great divine1        
according to the divinity of those      
times1 an expert physician1 a           
politician1 an excellent mathematician1 
as #ah;,diacosmus and the rest of his   
works do witness4 ,he was much delighted

 with the studies of husbandry1 saith   
#ai;,columella1 and often ,i find him   
cited by #bj;,constantinus and others   
treating of that subject4 ,he knew the  
natures1 differences of all beasts1     
plants1 fishes1 birds2 and1 as some say1
 could #baunderstand the tunes and      
voices of them4 ,in a word1 he was      
omnifariam doctus1 a general scholar1 a 
great student2 and to the intent he     
might better contemplate1 #bb;,i find it
 related by some1 that he put out his   
eyes1 and was in his old age voluntarily
 blind1 yet saw more than all ,greece   
besides1 and #bc writ of every subject1 
,nihil in toto opificio naturae1 de quo 
non scripsit4 #bd;,a man of an excellent
 wit1 profound conceit2 and to attain   
knowledge the better in his younger     
years1 he travelled to ,egypt and #be   
,athens1 to confer with learned men1    
#bf;admired of some1 despised of others4
 ,after a wandering life1 he settled at 
,abdera1 a town in ,thrace1 and was sent
 for thither to be their lawmaker1      

recorder1 or town-clerk1 as some will2  
or as others1 he was there bred and     
born4 ,howsoever it was1 there he lived 
at last in a garden in the suburbs1     
wholly betaking himself to his studies  
and a private life1 #bgsaving that      
sometimes he would walk down to the     
haven1 #bh;and laugh heartily at such   
variety of ridiculous objects1 which    
there he saw4 ,such a one was           
,democritus4 ,but in the mean time1 how 
doth this concern me1 or upon what      
reference do ,i usurp his habit8 ,i     
confess1 indeed1 that to compare myself 
unto him for aught ,i have yet said1    
were both impudency and arrogancy4 ,i do
 not presume to make any parallel1      
,antistat mihi millibus trecentis1      
#biparvus sum1 nullus sum1 altum nec    
spiro1 nec spero4 ,yet thus much ,i will
 say of myself1 and that ,i hope without
 all suspicion of pride1 or             
self-conceit1 ,i have lived a silent1   
sedentary1 solitary1 private life1 mihi 
et musis in the ,university1 as long    

almost as ,xenocrates in ,athens1 ad    
senectam fere to learn wisdom as he did1
 penned up most part in my study4 ,for  
,i have been brought up a student in the
 most flourishing college of ,europe1   
#cj augustissimo collegio1 and can brag 
with #ca;,jovius1 almost1 in ea luce    
domicilii ,vacicani1 totius orbis       
celeberrimi1 per #cg annos multa        
opportunaque didici2 for thirty years ,i
 have continued 7having the use of as   
good #cblibraries as ever he had7 a     
scholar1 and would be therefore loath1  
either by living as a drone1 to be an   
unprofitable or unworthy member of so   
learned and noble a society1 or to write
 that which should be any way           
dishonourable to such a royal and ample 
foundation4 ,something ,i have done1    
though by my profession a divine1 yet   
turbine raptus ingenii1 as #cc;he said1 
out of a running wit1 an unconstant1    
unsettled mind1 ,i had a great desire   
7not able to attain to a superficial    
skill in any7 to have some smattering in

 all1 to be aliquis in omnibus1 nullus  
in singulis1 #cd which #ce,plato        
commends1 out of him #cf,lipsius        
approves and furthers1 as fit to be     
imprinted in all curious wits1 not to be
 a slave of one science1 or dwell       
altogether in one subject1 as most do1  
but to rove abroad1 centum puer artium1 
to have an oar in every man's boat1 to  
#cg taste of every dish1 and sip of     
every cup1 which1 saith #ch,montaigne1  
was well performed by ,aristotle1 and   
his learned countryman ,adrian          
,turnebus4 ,this roving humour 7though  
not with like success7 ,i have ever had1
 and like a ranging spaniel1 that barks 
at every bird he sees1 leaving his game1
 ,i have followed all1 saving that which
 ,i should1 and may justly complain1 and
 truly1 qui ubique est1 nusquam est1    
#ciwhich #dj;,gesner did in modesty1    
that ,i have read many books1 but to    
little purpose1 for want of good method2
 ,i have confusedly tumbled over divers 
authors in our libraries1 with small    

profit1 for want of art1 order1 memory1 
judgment4 ,i never travelled but in map 
or card1 in which mine unconfined       
thoughts have freely expatiated1 as     
having ever been especially delighted   
with the study of ,cosmography4         
#da,saturn was lord of my geniture1     
culminating1 c41 and ,mars principal    
significator of manners1 in partile     
conjunction with my ascendant2 both     
fortunate in their houses1 c4 ,i am not 
poor1 ,i am not rich2 nihil est1 nihil  
deest1 ,i have little1 ,i want nothing3 
all my treasure is in ,minerva's tower4 
,greater preferment as ,i could never   
get1 so am ,i not in debt for it1 ,i    
have a competence 7laus ,deo7 from my   
noble and munificent patrons1 though ,i 
live still a collegiate student1 as     
,democritus in his garden1 and lead a   
monastic life1 ipse mihi theatrum1      
sequestered from those tumults and      
troubles of the world1 ,et tanquam in   
specula positus1 7#db;as he said7 in    
some high place above you all1 like     

,stoicus ,sapiens1 omnia saecula1       
praeterita presentiaque videns1 uno     
velut intuitu1 ,i hear and see what is  
done abroad1 how others #dcrun1 ride1   
turmoil1 and macerate themselves in     
court and country1 far from those       
wrangling lawsuits1 aulia vanitatem1    
fori ambitionem1 ridere mecum soleo3 ,i 
laugh at all1 #ddonly secure1 lest my   
suit go amiss1 my ships perish1 corn and
 cattle miscarry1 trade decay1 ,i have  
no wife nor children good or bad to     
provide for4 ,a mere spectator of other 
men's fortunes and adventures1 and how  
they act their parts1 which methinks are
 diversely presented unto me1 as from a 
common theatre or scene4 ,i hear new    
news every day1 and those ordinary      
rumours of war1 plagues1 fires1         
inundations1 thefts1 murders1 massacres1
 meteors1 comets1 spectrums1 prodigies1 
apparitions1 of towns taken1 cities     
besieged in ,france1 ,germany1 ,turkey1 
,persia1 ,poland1 c41 daily musters and 
preparations1 and such like1 which these

 tempestuous times afford1 battles      
fought1 so many men slain1 monomachies1 
shipwrecks1 piracies and sea-fights2    
peace1 leagues1 stratagems1 and fresh   
alarms4 ,a vast confusion of vows1      
wishes1 actions1 edicts1 petitions1     
lawsuits1 pleas1 laws1 proclamations1   
complaints1 grievances are daily brought
 to our ears4 ,new books every day1     
pamphlets1 corantoes1 stories1 whole    
catalogues of volumes of all sorts1 new 
paradoxes1 opinions1 schisms1 heresies1 
controversies in philosophy1 religion1  
c4 ,now come tidings of weddings1       
maskings1 mummeries1 entertainments1    
jubilees1 embassies1 tilts and          
tournaments1 trophies1 triumphs1 revels1
 sports1 plays3 then again1 as in a new 
shifted scene1 treasons1 cheating       
tricks1 robberies1 enormous villainies  
in all kinds1 funerals1 burials1 deaths 
of princes1 new discoveries1            
expeditions1 now comical1 then tragical 
matters4 ,today we hear of new lords and
 officers created1 tomorrow of some     

great men deposed1 and then again of    
fresh honours conferred2 one is let     
loose1 another imprisoned2 one          
purchaseth1 another breaketh3 he        
thrives1 his neighbour turns bankrupt2  
now plenty1 then again dearth and       
famine2 one runs1 another rides1        
wrangles1 laughs1 weeps1 c4 ,this ,i    
daily hear1 and such like1 both private 
and public news1 amidst the gallantry   
and misery of the world2 jollity1 pride1
 perplexities and cares1 simplicity and 
villainy2 subtlety1 knavery1 candour and
 integrity1 mutually mixed and offering 
themselves2 ,i rub on privus privatus2  
as ,i have still lived1 so ,i now       
continue1 statu quo prius1 left to a    
solitary life1 and mine own domestic    
discontents3 saving that sometimes1 ne  
quid mentiar1 as ,diogenes went into the
 city1 and ,democritus to the haven to  
see fashions1 ,i did for my recreation  
now and then walk abroad1 look into the 
world1 and could not choose but make    
some little observation1 non tam sagax  

observator ac simplex recitator1 #de not
 as they did1 to scoff or laugh at all1 
but with a mixed passion4 #df;,bilem    
saepe1 jocum vestri movere tumultus4    
,ye wretched mimics1 whose fond heats   
have been1 ,how oft6 the objects of my  
mirth and spleen4  ,i did sometime laugh
 and scoff with ,lucian1 and satirically
 tax with ,menippus1 lament with        
,heraclitus1 sometimes again ,i was     
#dgpetulanti splene chachinno1 and then 
again1 #dhurere bilis jecur1 ,i was much
 moved to see that abuse which ,i could 
not mend4 ,in which passion howsoever ,i
 may sympathise with him or them1 'tis  
for no such respect ,i shroud myself    
under his name2 but either in an unknown
 habit to assume a little more liberty  
and freedom of speech1 or if you will   
needs know1 for that reason and only    
respect which ,hippocrates relates at   
large in his ,epistle to ,damegetus1    
wherein he doth express1 how coming to  
visit him one day1 he found ,democritus 
in his garden at ,abdera1 in the        

suburbs1 #diunder a shady bower1 #ejwith
 a book on his knees1 busy at his study1
 sometimes writing1 sometimes walking4  
,the subject of his book was melancholy 
and madness2 about him lay the carcases 
of many several beasts1 newly by him cut
 up and anatomised2 not that he did     
contemn ,god's creatures1 as he told    
,hippocrates1 but to find out the seat  
of this atra bilis1 or melancholy1      
whence it proceeds1 and how it was      
engendered in men's bodies1 to the      
intent he might better cure it in       
himself1 and by his writings and        
observation #eateach others how to      
prevent and avoid it4 ,which good intent
 of his1 ,hippocrates highly commended3 
,democritus ,junior is therefore bold to
 imitate1 and because he left it        
imperfect1 and it is now lost1 quasi    
succenturiator ,democriti1 to revive    
again1 prosecute1 and finish in this    
treatise4 ,you have had a reason of the 
name4 ,if the title and inscription     
offend your gravity1 were it a          

sufficient justification to accuse      
others1 ,i could produce many sober     
treatises1 even sermons themselves1     
which in their fronts carry more        
fantastical names4 ,howsoever1 it is a  
kind of policy in these days1 to prefix 
a fantastical title to a book which is  
to be sold2 for1 as larks come down to a
 day-net1 many vain readers will tarry  
and stand gazing like silly passengers  
at an antic picture in a painter's shop1
 that will not look at a judicious      
piece4 ,and1 indeed1 as #eb,scaliger    
observes1 nothing more invites a reader 
than an argument unlooked for1 unthought
 of1 and sells better than a scurrile   
pamphlet1 tum maxime cum novitas excitat
 #ecpalatum4 ,many men1 saith ,gellius1 
are very conceited in their             
inscriptions1 and able 7as #ed,pliny    
quotes out of ,seneca7 to make him      
loiter by the way that went in haste to 
fetch a midwife for his daughter1 now   
ready to lie down4 ,for my part1 ,i have
 honourable #eeprecedents for this which

 ,i have done3 ,i will cite one for all1
 ,anthony ,zara1 ,pap4 ,epis41 his      
,anatomy of ,wit1 in four sections1     
members1 subsections1 c41 to be read in 
our libraries4 ,if any man except       
against the matter or manner of treating
 of this my subject1 and will demand a  
reason of it1 ,i can allege more than   
one2 ,i write of melancholy1 by being   
busy to avoid melancholy4 ,there is no  
greater cause of melancholy than        
idleness1 no better cure than business1 
as #ef ,rhasis holds3 and howbeit1      
stultus labor est ineptiarum1 to be busy
 in toys is to small purpose1 yet hear  
that divine ,seneca1 aliud agere quam   
nihil1 better do to no end1 than        
nothing4 ,i wrote therefore1 and busied 
myself in this playing labour1 oliosaque
 diligentia ut vitarem torporum feriandi
 with ,vectius in ,macrobius1 atque     
otium in utile verterem negatium4       
#eg,simul et jucunda et idonea dicere   
vita1 ,lectorem delectando simul atque  
monendo4  ,poets would profit or delight

 mankind1 ,and with the pleasing have   
th' instructive joined4 ,profit and     
pleasure1 then1 to mix with art1 ,t'    
inform the judgment1 nor offend the     
heart1 ,shall gain all votes4  ,to this 
end ,i write1 like them1 saith ,lucian1 
that recite to trees1 and declaim to    
pillars for want of auditors3 as        
#eh,paulus ,aegineta ingenuously        
confesseth1 not that anything was       
unknown or omitted1 but to exercise     
myself1 which course if some took1 ,i   
think it would be good for their bodies1
 and much better for their souls2 or    
peradventure as others do1 for fame1 to 
show myself 7,scire tuum nihil est1 nisi
 te scire hoc sciat alter74 ,i might be 
of ,thucydides' opinion1 #eito know a   
thing and not to express it1 is all one 
as if he knew it not4 ,when ,i first    
took this task in hand1 et quod ait     
#fj;ille1 impellents genio negotium     
suscepi1 this ,i aimed at2 #favel ut    
lenirem animum scribendo1 to ease my    
mind by writing2 for ,i had gravidum    

cor1 foetum caput1 a kind of imposthume 
in my head1 which ,i was very desirous  
to be unladen of1 and could imagine no  
fitter evacuation than this4 ,besides1  
,i might not well refrain1 for ubi      
dolor1 ibi digitus1 one must needs      
scratch where it itches4 ,i was not a   
little offended with this malady1 shall 
,i say my mistress ,melancholy1 my      
,aegeria1 or my malus genius8 and for   
that cause1 as he that is stung with a  
scorpion1 ,i would expel clavum clavo1  
#fb;comfort one sorrow with another1    
idleness with idleness1 ut ex vipera    
,theriacum1 make an antidote out of that
 which was the prime cause of my        
disease4 ,or as he did1 of whom         
#fc;,felix ,plater speaks1 that thought 
he had some of ,aristophanes' frogs in  
his belly1 still crying ,breec1 okex1   
coax1 coax1 oop1 oop1 and for that cause
 studied physic seven years1 and        
travelled over most part of ,europe to  
ease himself4 ,to do myself good ,i     
turned over such physicians as our      

libraries would afford1 or my #fdprivate
 friends impart1 and have taken this    
pains4 ,and why not8 ,cardan professeth 
he wrote his book1 ,de ,consolatione    
after his son's death1 to comfort       
himself2 so did ,tully write of the same
 subject with like intent after his     
daughter's departure1 if it be his at   
least1 or some impostor's put out in his
 name1 which ,lipsius probably suspects4
 ,concerning myself1 ,i can peradventure
 affirm with ,marius in ,sallust1       
#fethat which others hear or read of1 ,i
 felt and practised myself2 they get    
their knowledge by books1 ,i mine by    
melancholising4 ,experto crede ,roberto4
 ,something ,i can speak out of         
experience1 aerumnabilis experientia me 
docuit2 and with her in the poet1       
#ff;,haud ignara mali miseris succurrere
 disco2 ,i would help others out of a   
fellow-feeling2 and1 as that virtuous   
lady did of old1 #fg;being a leper      
herself1 bestow all her portion to build
 an hospital for lepers1 ,i will spend  

my time and knowledge1 which are my     
greatest fortunes1 for the common good  
of all4 ,yea1 but you will infer that   
this is #fh;actum agere1 an unnecessary 
work1 cramben bis coctam apponnere1 the 
same again and again in other words4 ,to
 what purpose8 #fi,nothing is omitted   
that may well be said1 so thought       
,lucian in the like theme4 ,how many    
excellent physicians have written just  
volumes and elaborate tracts of this    
subject8 ,no news here2 that which ,i   
have is stolen1 from others1            
#gj;,dicitque mihi mea pagina fur es4   
,if that severe doom of #ga,synesius be 
true1 it is a greater offence to steal  
dead men's labours1 than their clothes1 
what shall become of most writers8 ,i   
hold up my hand at the bar among others1
 and am guilty of felony in this kind1  
habes confitentem reum1 ,i am content to
 be pressed with the rest4 ',tis most   
true1 tenet insanabile multos scribendi 
cacoethes1 and #gbthere is no end of    
writing of books1 as the wiseman found  

of old1 in this #gcscribbling age1      
especially wherein #gdthe number of     
books is without number1 7as a worthy   
man saith17 presses be oppressed1 and   
out of an itching humour that every man 
hath to show himself1 #ge;desirous of   
fame and honour 7scribimus indocti      
doctique----7 he will write no matter   
what1 and scrape together it boots not  
whence4 #gf;,bewitched with this desire 
of fame1 etiam mediis in morbis1 to the 
disparagement of their health1 and      
scarce able to hold a pen1 they must say
 something1 #gg;and get themselves a    
name1 saith ,scaliger1 though it be to  
the downfall and ruin of many others4   
,to be counted writers1 scriptores ut   
salutentur1 to be thought and held      
polymaths and polyhistors1 apud         
imperitum vulgus ob ventosae nomen      
artis1 to get a paper-kingdom3 nulla spe
 quaestus sed ampla famae1 in this      
precipitate1 ambitious age1 nunc ut est 
saeculum1 inter immaturam eruditionem1  
ambitiosum et praeceps 7'tis            

#gh,scaliger's censure72 and they that  
are scarce auditors1 vix auditores1 must
 be masters and teachers1 before they be
 capable and fit hearers4 ,they will    
rush into all learning1 togatam armatam1
 divine1 human authors1 rake over all   
indexes and pamphlets for notes1 as our 
merchants do strange havens for traffic1
 write great tomes1 ,cum non sint re    
vera doctiores1 sed loquaciores1 whereas
 they are not thereby better scholars1  
but greater praters4 ,they commonly     
pretend public good1 but as #gi;,gesner 
observes1 'tis pride and vanity that    
eggs them on2 no news or aught worthy of
 note1 but the same in other terms4 ,ne 
feriarentur fortasse typographi vel ideo
 scribendum est aliquid ut se vixisse   
testentur4 ,as apothecaries we make new 
mixtures everyday1 pour out of one      
vessel into another2 and as those old   
,romans robbed all the cities of the    
world1 to set out their bad-sited ,rome1
 we skim off the cream of other men's   
wits1 pick the choice flowers of their  

tilled gardens to set out our own       
sterile plots4 ,castrant alios ut libros
 suos per se graciles alieno adipe      
suffarciant 7so #hj;,jovius inveighs47  
,they lard their lean books with the fat
 of others' works4 ,ineruditi fures1 c4 
,a fault that every writer finds1 as ,i 
do now1 and yet faulty themselves1      
#ha,trium literarum homines1 all        
thieves2 they pilfer out of old writers 
to stuff up their new comments1 scrape  
,ennius' dunghills1 and out of          
#hb;,democritus' pit1 as ,i have done4  
,by which means it comes to pass1       
#hcthat not only libraries and shops are
 full of our putrid papers1 but every   
close-stool and jakes1 ,scribunt carmina
 quae legunt cacantes2 they serve to put
 under pies1 to #hdlap spice in1 and    
keep roast meat from burning4 ,with us  
in ,france1 saith #he,scaliger1 every   
man hath liberty to write1 but few      
ability4 #hf;,heretofore learning was   
graced by judicious scholars1 but now   
noble sciences are vilified by base and 

illiterate scribblers1 that either write
 for vainglory1 need1 to get money1 or  
as ,parasites to flatter and collogue   
with some great men1 they put cut       
#hg;burras1 quisquiliasque ineptiasque4 
#hh;,amongst so many thousand authors   
you shall scarce find one1 by reading of
 whom you shall be any whit better1 but 
rather much worse1 quibus inficitur     
potius1 quam perficitur1 by which he is 
rather infected than any way perfected4 
#hi------,qui talia legit1 ,quid didicit
 tandem1 quid scit nisi somnia1 nugas8  
,so that oftentimes it falls out 7which 
,callimachus taxed of old7 a great book 
is a great mischief4 #ij;,cardan finds  
fault with ,frenchmen and ,germans1 for 
their scribbling to no purpose1 non     
inquit ab edendo deterreo1 modo novum   
aliquid inveniant1 he doth not bar them 
to write1 so that it be some new        
invention of their own2 but we weave the
 same web still1 twist the same rope    
again and again2 or if it be a new      
invention1 'tis but some bauble or toy  

which idle fellows write1 for as idle   
fellows to read1 and who so cannot      
invent8 #ia;,he must have a barren wit1 
that in this scribbling age can forge   
nothing4 #ib,princes show their armies1 
rich men vaunt their buildings1 soldiers
 their manhood1 and scholars vent their 
toys2 they must read1 they must hear    
whether they will or no4 #ic;,et        
quodcunque semel chartis illeverit1     
omnes ,gestiet a furno redeuntes scire  
lacuque1 ,et pueros et anus------  ,what
 once is said and writ1 all men must    
know1 ,old wives and children as they   
come and go4  ,what a company of poets  
hath this year brought out1 as ,pliny   
complains to ,sossius ,sinesius4        
#id,this ,april every day some or other 
have recited4 ,what a catalogue of new  
books all this year1 all this age 7,i   
say71 have our ,frankfort ,marts1 our   
domestic ,marts brought out8 ,twice a   
year1 #ie ,proferunt se nova ingenia et 
ostentant1 we stretch our wits out1 and 
set them to sale1 magno conatu nihil    

agimus4 ,so that which #if;,gesner much 
desires1 if a speedy reformation be not 
had1 by some prince's edicts and grave  
supervisors1 to restrain this liberty1  
it will run on in infinitum4 ,quis tam  
avidus librorum helluo1 who can read    
them8 ,as already1 we shall have a vast 
chaos and confusion of books1 we are    
#igoppressed with them1 #ihour eyes ache
 with reading1 our fingers with turning4
 ,for my part ,i am one of the number1  
nos numerus sumus1 7we are mere         
ciphers73 ,i do not deny it1 ,i have    
only this of ,macrobius to say for      
myself1 ,omne meum1 nihil meum1 'tis all
 mine1 and none mine4 ,as a good        
housewife out of divers fleeces weaves  
one piece of cloth1 a bee gathers wax   
and honey out of many flowers1 and makes
 a new bundle of all1 ,floriferis ut    
apes in saltibus omnia libant1 ,i have  
laboriously #ii;collected this cento out
 of divers writers1 and that sine       
injuria1 ,i have wronged no authors1 but
 given every man his own2 which         

#ajj;,hierom so much commends in        
,nepotian2 he stole not whole verses1   
pages1 tracts1 as some do nowadays1     
concealing their authors' names1 but    
still said this was ,cyprian's1 that    
,lactantius1 that ,hilarius1 so said    
,minutius ,felix1 so ,victorinus1 thus  
far ,arnobius3 ,i cite and quote mine   
authors 7which1 howsoever some          
illiterate scribblers account           
pedantical1 as a cloak of ignorance1 and
 opposite to their affected fine style1 
,i must and will use7 sumpsi1 non       
suripui2 and what ,varro1 lib4 #f4 de re
 rust4 speaks of bees1 minime maleficae 
nullius opus vellicantes faciunt        
delerius1 ,i can say of myself1 ,whom   
have ,i injured8 ,the matter is theirs  
most part1 and yet mine1 apparet unde   
sumptum sit 7which ,seneca approves71   
aliud tamen quam unde sumptum sit       
apparet1 which nature doth with the     
aliment of our bodies incorporate1      
digest1 assimilate1 ,i do concoquere    
quod hausi1 dispose of what ,i take4 ,i 

make them pay tribute1 to set out this  
my ,maceronicon1 the method only is mine
 own1 ,i must usurp that of #aja,wecker 
e ,ter4 nihil dictum quod non dictum    
prius1 methodus sola artificem ostendit1
 we can say nothing but what hath been  
said1 the composition and method is ours
 only1 and shows a scholar4 ,oribasius1 
,aesius1 ,avicenna1 have all out of     
,galen1 but to their own method1 diverso
 stilo1 non diversa fide4 ,our poets    
steal from ,homer2 he spews1 saith      
,aelian1 they lick it up4 ,divines use  
,austin's words verbatim still1 and our 
story-dressers do as much2 he that comes
 last is commonly best1 ------donec quid
 grandius aetas ,postera sorsque ferat  
melior4------#ajb  ,though there were   
many giants of old in physic and        
philosophy1 yet ,i say with             
#ajc;,didacus ,stella1 ,a dwarf standing
 on the shoulders of a giant may see    
farther than a giant himself2 ,i may    
likely add1 alter1 and see farther than 
my predecessors2 and it is no greater   

prejudice for me to indite after others1
 than for ,aelianus ,montaltus1 that    
famous physician1 to write de morbis    
capitis after ,jason ,pratensis1        
,heurnius1 ,hildesheim1 c41 many horses 
to run in a race1 one logician1 one     
rhetorician1 after another4 ,oppose then
 what thou wilt1 ,allatres licet usque  
nos et usque ,et gannitibus improbis    
lacessas4  ,i solve it thus4 ,and for   
those other faults of barbarism1        
#ajd;,doric dialect1 extemporanean      
style1 tautologies1 apish imitation1 a  
rhapsody of rags gathered together from 
several dunghills1 excrements of        
authors1 toys and fopperies confusedly  
tumbled out1 without art1 invention1    
judgment1 wit1 learning1 harsh1 raw1    
rude1 fantastical1 absurd1 insolent1    
indiscreet1 ill-composed1 indigested1   
vain1 scurrile1 idle1 dull1 and dry2 ,i 
confess all 7'tis partly affected71 thou
 canst not think worse of me than ,i do 
of myself4 ',tis not worth the reading1 
,i yield it1 ,i desire thee not to lose 

time in perusing so vain a subject1 ,i  
should be peradventure loath myself to  
read him or thee so writing2 'tis not   
operae1 pretium4 ,all ,i say is this1   
that ,i have #ajeprecedents for it1     
which ,isocrates calls perfugium iis qui
 peccant1 others as absurd1 vain1 idle1 
illiterate1 c4 ,nonnulli alii idem      
fecerunt2 others have done as much1 it  
may be more1 and perhaps thou thyself1  
,novimus et qui te1 c4 ,we have all our 
faults2 scimus1 et hanc1 veniaim1 c42   
#ajfthou censurest me1 so have ,i done  
others1 and may do thee1 ,cedimus inque 
vicem1 c41 'tis lex talionis1 quid pro  
quo4 ,go now1 censure1 criticise1 scoff1
 and rail4 #ajg,nasutus cis usque licet1
 sis denique nasus3 ,non potes in nugas 
dicere plura meas1 ,ipse ego quam dixi1 
c4  ,wert thou all scoffs and flouts1 a 
very ,momus1 ,than we ourselves1 thou   
canst not say worse of us4  ,thus1 as   
when women scold1 have ,i cried whore   
first1 and in some men's censures ,i am 
afraid ,i have overshot myself1 ,laudare

 se vani1 vituperare stulti1 as ,i do   
not arrogate1 ,i will not derogate4     
,primus vestrum non sum1 nec imus1 ,i am
 none of the best1 ,i am none of the    
meanest of you4 ,as ,i am an inch1 or so
 many feet1 so many parasangs1 after him
 or him1 ,i may be peradventure an ace  
before thee4 ,be it therefore as it is1 
well or ill1 ,i have essayed1 put myself
 upon the stage2 ,i must abide the      
censure1 ,i may not escape it4 ,it is   
most true1 stylus virum arguit1 our     
style bewrays us1 and as #ajh;hunters   
find their game by the trace1 so is a   
man's genius descried by his works1     
,multo melius ex sermone quam           
lineamentis1 de moribus hominum         
judicamus2 it was old ,cato's rule4 ,i  
have laid myself open 7,i know it7 in   
this treatise1 turned mine inside       
outward3 ,i shall be censured1 ,i doubt 
not2 for1 to say truth with ,erasmus1   
nihil morosius hominum judiciis1 there  
is nought so peevish as men's judgments2
 yet this is some comfort1 ut palata1   

sic judicia1 our censures are as various
 as our palates4 #aji,tres mihi convivae
 prope dissentire videntur1 ,poscentes  
vario multum diversa palato1 c4  ,three 
guests ,i have1 dissenting at my feast1 
,requiring each to gratify his taste    
,with different food4  ,our writings are
 as so many dishes1 our readers guests1 
our books like beauty1 that which one   
admires another rejects2 so are we      
approved as men's fancies are inclined4 
,pro captu lectoris habent sua fata     
libelli44 ,that which is most pleasing  
to one is amaracum sui1 most harsh to   
another4 ,quot homines1 tot sententiae1 
so many men1 so many minds3 that which  
thou condemnest he commends4 #aaj,quod  
petis1 id sane est invisum acidumque    
duobus4 ,he respects matter1 thou art   
wholly for words2 he loves a loose and  
free style1 thou art all for neat       
composition1 strong lines1 hyperboles1  
allegories2 he desires a fine           
frontispiece1 enticing pictures1 such as
 #aaa;,hieron4 ,natali the ,jesuit hath 

cut to the ,dominicals1 to draw on the  
reader's attention1 which thou          
rejectest2 that which one admires1      
another explodes as most absurd and     
ridiculous4 ,if it be not point blank to
 his humour1 his method1 his conceit1   
#aabsi quid1 forsan omissum1 quod is    
animo conceperit1 si quae dictio1 c4 ,if
 aught be omitted1 or added1 which he   
likes1 or dislikes1 thou art mancipium  
paucae lectionis1 an idiot1 an ass1     
nullus es1 or plagiarius1 a trifler1 a  
trivant1 thou art an idle fellow2 or    
else it is a thing of mere industry1 a  
collection without wit or invention1 a  
very toy4 #aac;,facilia sic putant omnes
 quae jam facta1 nec de salebris        
cogitant1 ubi via strata2 so men are    
valued1 their labours vilified by       
fellows of no worth themselves1 as      
things of nought1 who could not have    
done as much4 ,unusquisque abundat sensu
 suo1 every man abounds in his own      
sense2 and whilst each particular party 
is so affected1 how should one please   

all8 #aad,quid dem8 quid non dem8       
,renuis tu quod jubet ille4  ------,what
 courses must ,i choose8 ,what not8     
,what both would order you refuse4  ,how
 shall ,i hope to express myself to each
 man's humour and #aae;conceit1 or to   
give satisfaction to all8 ,some         
understand too little1 some too much1   
qui similiter in legendos libros1 atque 
in salutandos homines irruunt1 non      
cogitantes quales1 sed quibus vestibus  
induti sint1 as #aaf;,austin observes1  
not regarding what1 but who write1      
#aagorexin habet auctores celebritas1   
not valuing the metal1 but stamp that is
 upon it1 ,cantharum aspiciunt1 non quid
 in eo4 ,if he be not rich1 in great    
place1 polite and brave1 a great doctor1
 or full fraught with grand titles1     
though never so well qualified1 he is a 
dunce2 but1 as #aah;,baronius hath it of
 ,cardinal ,caraffa's works1 he is a    
mere hog that rejects any man for his   
poverty4 ,some are too partial1 as      
friends to overween1 others come with a 

prejudice to carp1 vilify1 detract1 and 
scoff2 7qui de me forsan1 quicquid est1 
omni contemptu contemptius judicant7    
some as bees for honey1 some as spiders 
to gather poison4 ,what shall ,i do in  
this case8 ,as a ,dutch host1 if you    
come to an inn in4 ,germany1 and dislike
 your fare1 diet1 lodging1 c41 replies  
in a surly tone1 #aai;aliud tibi quaeras
 diversorium1 if you like not this1 get 
you to another inn3 ,i resolve1 if you  
like not my writing1 go read something  
else4 ,i do not much esteem thy censure1
 take thy course1 it is not as thou     
wilt1 nor as ,i will1 but when we have  
both done1 that of #abj,plinius         
,secundus to ,trajan will prove true1   
,every man's witty labour takes not1    
except the matter1 subject1 occasion1   
and some commending favourite happen to 
it4 ,if ,i be taxed1 exploded by thee   
and some such1 ,i shall haply be        
approved and commended by others1 and so
 have been 7,expertus loquor71 and may  
truly say with #aba;,jovius in like     

case1 7absit verbo jactantia7 heroum    
quorundam1 pontificum1 et virorum       
nobilium familiaritatem et amicitiam1   
gratasque gratias1 et multorum #abb bene
 laudatorum laudes sum inde promeritus1 
as ,i have been honoured by some worthy 
men1 so have ,i been vilified by others1
 and shall be4 ,at the first publishing 
of this book1 7which #abc,probus of     
,persius satires71 editum librum        
continuo mirari homines1 atque avide    
deripere caeperunt1 ,i may in some sort 
apply to this my work4 ,the first1      
second1 and third edition were suddenly 
gone1 eagerly read1 and1 as ,i have     
said1 not so much approved by some1 as  
scornfully rejected by others4 ,but it  
was ,democritus his fortune1 ,idem      
admirationi et #abd;irrisioni habitus4  
',twas ,seneca's fate1 that             
superintendent of wit1 learning1        
judgment1 #abe;ad stuporem doctus1 the  
best of ,greek and ,latin writers1 in   
,plutarch's opinion2 that renowned      
corrector of vice1 as1 #abf;,fabius     

terms him1 and painful omniscious       
philosopher1 that writ so excellently   
and admirably well1 could not please all
 parties1 or escape censure4 ,how is he 
vilified by #abg ,caligula1 ,agellius1  
,fabius1 and ,lipsius himself1 his chief
 propugner8 ,in eo pleraque pernitiosa1 
saith the same ,fabius1 many childish   
tracts and sentences he hath1 sermo     
illaboratus1 too negligent often and    
remiss1 as ,agellius observes1 oratio   
vulgaris et protrita1 dicaces et        
ineptae1 sententiae1 eruditio plebeia1  
an homely shallow writer as he is4 ,in  
partibus spinas et fastidia habet1 saith
 #abh,lipsius2 and1 as in all his other 
works1 so especially in his epistles1   
aliae in argutiis et ineptiis           
occupantur1 intricatus alicubi1 et parum
 compositus1 sine copia rerum hoc fecit1
 he jumbles up many things together     
immethodically1 after the ,stoics'      
fashion1 parum ordinavit1 multa         
accumulavit1 c4 ,if ,seneca be thus     
lashed1 and many famous men that ,i     

could name1 what shall ,i expect8 ,how  
shall ,i that am vix umbra tanti        
philosophi hope to please8 ,no man so   
absolute 7#abi;,erasmus holds7 to       
satisfy all1 except antiquity1          
prescription1 c41 set a bar4 ,but as ,i 
have proved in ,seneca1 this will not   
always take place1 how shall ,i evade8  
',tis the common doom of all writers1 ,i
 must 7,i say7 abide it2 ,i seek not    
applause2 #acj,non ego ventosa venor    
suffragia plebis2 again1 non sum adeo   
informis1 ,i would not be #acavilified3 
#acb------laudatus abunde1 ,non         
fastiditus si tibi1 lector1 ero4  ,i    
fear good men's censures1 and to their  
favourable acceptance ,i submit my      
labours1 #acc------;et linguas          
mancipiorum ,contemno4------  ,as the   
barking of a dog1 ,i securely contemn   
those malicious and scurrile obloquies1 
flouts1 calumnies of railers and        
detractors2 ,i scorn the rest4 ,what    
therefore ,i have said1 pro tenuitate   
mea1 ,i have said4 ,one or two things   

yet ,i was desirous to have amended if  
,i could1 concerning the manner of      
handling this my subject1 for which ,i  
must apologise1 deprecari1 and upon     
better advice give the friendly reader  
notice3 it was not mine intent to       
prostitute my muse in ,english1 or to   
divulge secreta ,minervae1 but to have  
exposed this more contract in ,latin1 if
 ,i could have got it printed4 ,any     
scurrile pamphlet is welcome to our     
mercenary stationers in ,english2 they  
print all ------cuduntque libellos ,in  
quorum foliis vix simia nuda cacaret2   
,but in ,latin they will not deal2 which
 is one of the reasons #acd,nicholas    
,car1 in his oration of the paucity of  
,english writers1 gives1 that so many   
flourishing wits are smothered in       
oblivion1 lie dead and buried in this   
our nation4 ,another main fault is1 that
 ,i have not revised the copy1 and      
amended the style1 which now flows      
remissly1 as it was first conceived2 but
 my leisure would not permit2 ,feci nec 

quod potui1 nec quod volui1 ,i confess  
it is neither as ,i would1 nor as it    
should be4 #ace;,cum relego scripsisse  
pudet1 quia plurima cerno ,me quoque    
quae fuerant judice digna lini4  ,when  
,i peruse this tract which ,i have writ1
 ,i am abash'd1 and much ,i hold unfit4 
,et quod gravissimum1 in the matter     
itself1 many things ,i disallow at this 
present1 which when ,i writ1 #acf,non   
eadem est aetas1 non mens2 ,i would     
willingly retract much1 c41 but 'tis too
 late1 ,i can only crave pardon now for 
what is amiss4 ,i might indeed1 7had ,i 
wisely done7 observed that precept of   
the poet1 ------nonumque prematur in    
annum1 and have taken more care3 or1 as 
,alexander the physician would have done
 by lapis lazuli1 fifty times washed    
before it be used1 ,i should have       
revised1 corrected and amended this     
tract2 but ,i had not 7as ,i said7 that 
happy leisure1 no amanuenses or         
assistants4 ,pancrates in #acg,lucian1  
wanting a servant as he went from       

,memphis to ,coptus in ,egypt1 took a   
door bar1 and after some superstitious  
words pronounced 7,eucrates the relator 
was then present7 made it stand up like 
a serving-man1 fetch him water1 turn the
 spit1 serve in supper1 and what work he
 would besides2 and when he had done    
that service he desired1 turned his man 
to a stick again4 ,i have no such skill 
to make new men at my pleasure1 or means
 to hire them2 no whistle to call like  
the master of a ship1 and bid them run1 
c4 ,i have no such authority1 no such   
benefactors1 as that noble              
#ach;,ambrosius was to ,origen1 allowing
 him six or seven amanuenses to write   
out his dictates2 ,i must for that cause
 do my business myself1 and was         
therefore enforced1 as a bear doth her  
whelps1 to bring forth this confused    
lump2 ,i had not time to lick it into   
form1 as she doth her young ones1 but   
even so to publish it1 as it was first  
written quicquid in buccam venit1 in an 
extemporean style1 as #aci;,i do        

commonly all other exercises1 effudi    
quicquid dictavit genius meus1 out of a 
confused company of notes1 and writ with
 as small deliberation as ,i do         
ordinarily speak1 without all           
affectation of big words1 fustian       
phrases1 jingling terms1 tropes1 strong 
lines1 that like #adj;,acesta's arrows  
caught fire as they flew1 strains of    
wit1 brave heats1 elegies1 hyperbolical 
exornations1 elegancies1 c41 which many 
so much affect4 ,i am #ada;aquae potor1 
drink no wine at all1 which so much     
improves our modern wits1 a loose1      
plain1 rude writer1 ficum1 voco ficum et
 ligonem ligonem and as free1 as loose1 
idem calamo quod in mente1 #adb;,i call 
a spade a spade1 animis haec scribo1 non
 auribus1 ,i respect matter not words2  
remembering that of ,cardan1 verba      
propter res1 non res propter verba3 and 
seeking with ,seneca1 quid scribam1 non 
quemadmodum1 rather what than how to    
write3 for as ,philo thinks1 #adc;,he   
that is conversant about matter1        

neglects words1 and those that excel in 
this art of speaking1 have no profound  
learning1 #add,verba nitent phaleris1 at
 nullus verba medullas ,intus           
habent------  ,besides1 it was the      
observation of that wise ,seneca1       
#adewhen you see a fellow careful about 
his words1 and neat in his speech1 know 
this for a certainty1 that man's mind is
 busied about toys1 there's no solidity 
in him4 ,non est ornamentum virile      
concinnitas3 as he said of a            
nightingale1 ------vox es1 praeterea    
nihil1 c4 ,i am therefore in this point 
a professed disciple of #adf;,apollonius
 a scholar of ,socrates1 ,i neglect     
phrases1 and labour wholly to inform my 
reader's understanding1 not to please   
his ear2 'tis not my study or intent to 
compose neatly1 which an orator         
requires1 but to express myself readily 
and plainly as it happens4 ,so that as a
 river runs sometimes precipitate and   
swift1 then dull and slow2 now direct1  
then per ambages1 now deep1 then        

shallow2 now muddy1 then clear2 now     
broad1 then narrow2 doth my style flow3 
now serious1 then light2 now comical1   
then satirical2 now more elaborate1 then
 remiss1 as the present subject         
required1 or as at that time ,i was     
affected4 ,and if thou vouchsafe to read
 this treatise1 it shall seem no        
otherwise to thee1 than the way to an   
ordinary traveller1 sometimes fair1     
sometimes foul2 here champaign1 there   
enclosed2 barren1 in one place1 better  
soil in another3 by woods1 groves1      
hills1 dales1 plains1 c4 ,i shall lead  
thee per ardua montium1 et lubrica      
valllum1 et roscida cespitum1 et        
#adg;glebosa camporum1 through variety  
of objects1 that which thou shalt like  
and surely dislike4 ,for the matter     
itself or method1 if it be faulty1      
consider ,i pray you that of ,columella1
 ,nihil perfectum1 aut a singulari      
consummatum industria1 no man can       
observe all1 much is defective no doubt1
 may be justly taxed1 altered1 and      

avoided in ,galen1 ,aristotle1 those    
great masters4 ,boni venatoris 7#adhone 
holds7 plures feras capere1 non omnes2  
he is a good huntsman can catch some1   
not all3 ,i have done my endeavour4     
,besides1 ,i dwell not in this study1   
,non hic sulcos ducimus1 non hoc pulvere
 desudamus1 ,i am but a smatterer1 ,i   
confess1 a stranger1 #adi;here and there
 ,i pull a flower2 ,i do easily grant1  
if a rigid censurer should criticise on 
this which ,i have writ1 he should not  
find three sole faults1 as ,scaliger in 
,terence1 but three hundred4 ,so many as
 he hath done in ,cardan's subtleties1  
as many notable errors as #aej;,gul     
,laurembergius1 a late professor of     
,rostock1 discovers in that anatomy of  
,laurentius1 or ,barocius the ,venetian 
in ,sacro boscus4 ,and although this be 
a sixth edition1 in which ,i should have
 been more accurate1 corrected all those
 former escapes1 yet it was magni       
laboris opus1 so difficult and tedious1 
that as carpenters do find out of       

experience1 'tis much better build a new
 sometimes1 than repair an old house2 ,i
 could as soon write as much more1 as   
alter that which is written4 ,if aught  
therefore be amiss 7as ,i grant there   
is71 ,i require a friendly admonition1  
no bitter invective1 #aea,sint musis    
socii ,charites1 ,furia omnis abesto1   
otherwise1 as in ordinary controversies1
 funem contentionis nectamus1 sed cui   
bono8 ,we may contend1 and likely misuse
 each other1 but to what purpose8 ,we   
are both scholars1 say1                 
#aeb------;,arcades ambo ,et ,cantare   
pares1 et respondere parati4  ,both     
young ,arcadians1 both alike inspir'd   
,to sing and answer as the song         
requir'd4  ,if we do wrangle1 what shall
 we get by it8 ,trouble and wrong       
ourselves1 make sport to others4 ,if ,i 
be convict of an error1 ,i will yield1  
,i will amend4 ,si quid bonis moribus1  
si quid veritati dissentaneum1 in sacris
 vel humanis literis a me dictum sit1 id
 nec dictum esto4 ,in the mean time ,i  

require a favourable censure of all     
faults omitted1 harsh compositions1     
pleonasms of words1 tautological        
repetitions 7though ,seneca bear me out1
 nunquam nimis dicitur1 quod nunquam    
satis dicitur7 perturbations of tenses1 
numbers1 printers' faults1 c4 ,my       
translations are sometimes rather       
paraphrases than interpretations1 non ad
 verbum1 but as an author1 ,i use more  
liberty1 and that's only taken which was
 to my purpose4 ,quotations are often   
inserted in the text1 which makes the   
style more harsh1 or in the margin1 as  
it happened4 ,greek authors1 ,plato1    
,plutarch1 ,athenaeus1 c41 ,i have cited
 out of their interpreters1 because the 
original was not so ready4 ,i have      
mingled sacra prophanis1 but ,i hope not
 profaned1 and in repetition of authors'
 names1 ranked them per accidens1 not   
according to chronology2 sometimes      
neoterics before ancients1 as my memory 
suggested4 ,some things are here        
altered1 expunged in this sixth edition1

 others amended1 much added1 because    
many good #aec;authors in all kinds are 
come to my hands since1 and 'tis no     
prejudice1 no such indecorum1 or        
oversight4 #aed,nunquam ita quicquam    
bene subducta ratione ad vitam fuit1    
,quin res1 aetas1 usus1 semper aliquid  
apportent novi1 ,aliquid moneant1 ut    
illa quae scire te credas1 nescias1 ,et 
quae tibi putaris prima1 in exercendo ut
 repudias4  ,ne'er was ought yet at     
first contriv'd so fit1 ,but use1 age1  
or something would alter it2 ,advise    
thee better1 and1 upon peruse1 ,make    
thee not say1 and what thou tak'st      
refuse4  ,but ,i am now resolved never  
to put this treatise out again1 ,ne quid
 nimis1 ,i will not hereafter add1      
alter1 or retract2 ,i have done4 ,the   
last and greatest exception is1 that ,i1
 being a divine1 have meddled with      
physic1 #aee,tantumne est ab re tua otii
 tibi1 ,aliena ut cures1 eaque nihil    
quae ad te attinent4  ,which ,menedemus 
objected to ,chremes2 have ,i so much   

leisure1 or little business of mine own1
 as to look after other men's matters   
which concern me not8 ,what have ,i to  
do with physic8 ,quod medicorum est     
promittant medici4 ,the                 
#aef,lacedaemonians were once in counsel
 about state matters1 a debauched fellow
 spake excellent well1 and to the       
purpose1 his speech was generally       
approved3 a grave senator steps up1 and 
by all means would have it repealed1    
though good1 because dehonestabatur     
pessimo auctore1 it had no better an    
author2 let some good man relate the    
same1 and then it should pass4 ,this    
counsel was embraced1 factum est1 and it
 was registered forthwith1 ,et sic bona 
sententia mansit1 malus auctor mutatus  
est4 ,thou sayest as much of me1        
stomachosus as thou art1 and grantest1  
peradventure1 this which ,i have written
 in physic1 not to be amiss1 had another
 done it1 a professed physician1 or so1 
but why should ,i meddle with this      
tract8 ,hear me speak4 ,there be many   

other subjects1 ,i do easily grant1 both
 in humanity and divinity1 fit to be    
treated of1 of which had ,i written ad  
ostentationem only1 to show myself1 ,i  
should have rather chosen1 and in which 
,i have been more conversant1 ,i could  
have more willingly luxuriated1 and     
better satisfied myself and others2 but 
that at this time ,i was fatally driven 
upon this rock of melancholy1 and       
carried away by this by-stream1 which1  
as a rillet1 is deducted from the main  
channel of my studies1 in which ,i have 
pleased and busied myself at idle hours1
 as a subject most necessary and        
commodious4 ,not that ,i prefer it      
before divinity1 which ,i do acknowledge
 to be the queen of professions1 and to 
which all the rest are as handmaids1 but
 that in divinity ,i saw no such great  
need4 ,for had ,i written positively1   
there be so many books in that kind1 so 
many commentators1 treatises1 pamphlets1
 expositions1 sermons1 that whole teams 
of oxen cannot draw them2 and had ,i    

been as forward and ambitious as some   
others1 ,i might have haply printed a   
sermon at ,paul's ,cross1 a sermon in   
,st4 ,marie's ,oxon1 a sermon in ,christ
 ,church1 or a sermon before the right  
honourable1 right reverend1 a sermon    
before the right worshipful1 a sermon in
 ,latin1 in ,english1 a sermon with a   
name1 a sermon without1 a sermon1 a     
sermon1 c4 ,but ,i have been ever as    
desirous to suppress my labours in this 
kind1 as others have been to press and  
publish theirs4 ,to have written in     
controversy had been to cut off an      
hydra's head1 #aeg,lis litem generat1   
one begets another1 so many             
duplications1 triplications1 and swarms 
of questions4 ,in sacro bello hoc quod  
stili mucrone agitur1 that having once  
begun1 ,i should never make an end4 ,one
 had much better1 as #aeh;,alexander1   
the sixth pope1 long since observed1    
provoke a great prince than a begging   
friar1 a ,jesuit1 or a seminary priest1 
,i will add1 for inexpugnabile genus hoc

 hominum1 they are an irrefragable      
society1 they must and will have the    
last word2 and that with such eagerness1
 impudence1 abominable lying1           
falsifying1 and bitterness in their     
questions they proceed1 that as he      
#aeisaid1 furorne caecus1 an rapit vis  
acrior1 an culpa1 responsum date8 ,blind
 fury1 or error1 or rashness1 or what it
 is that eggs them1 ,i know not1 ,i am  
sure many times1 which #afj;,austin     
perceived long since1 tempestate        
contentionis1 serenitas charitatis      
obnubilatur1 with this tempest of       
contention1 the serenity of charity is  
overclouded1 and there be too many      
spirits conjured up already in this kind
 in all sciences1 and more than we can  
tell how to lay1 which do so furiously  
rage1 and keep such a racket1 that as   
#afa;,fabius said1 ,it had been much    
better for some of them to have been    
born dumb1 and altogether illiterate1   
than so far to dote to their own        
destruction4 ,at melius fuerat non      

scribere1 namque tacere ,tutum semper   
erit1------#afb  ',tis a general fault1 
so ,severinus the ,dane complains       
#afc;in physic1 unhappy men as we are1  
we spend our days in unprofitable       
questions and disputations1 intricate   
subtleties1 de lana caprina about       
moonshine in the water1 leaving in the  
mean time those chiefest treasures of   
nature untouched1 wherein the best      
medicines for all manner of diseases are
 to be found1 and do not only neglect   
them ourselves1 but hinder1 condemn1    
forbid1 and scoff at others1 that are   
willing to inquire after them4 ,these   
motives at this present have induced me 
to make choice of this medicinal        
subject4 ,if any physician in the mean  
time shall infer1 ,ne sutor ultra       
crepidam1 and find himself grieved that 
,i have intruded into his profession1 ,i
 will tell him in brief1 ,i do not      
otherwise by them1 than they do by us4  
,if it be for their advantage1 ,i know  
many of their sect which have taken     

orders1 in hope of a benefice1 'tis a   
common transition1 and why may not a    
melancholy divine1 that can get nothing 
but by simony1 profess physic8          
,drusianus an ,italian 7,crusianus1 but 
corruptly1 ,trithemius calls him7       
#afd;because he was not fortunate in his
 practice1 forsook his profession1 and  
writ afterwards in divinity4 ,marcilius 
,ficinus was semel et simul2 a priest   
and a physician at once1 and #afe,t4    
,linacer in his old age took orders4    
,the ,jesuits profess both at this time1
 divers of them permissu superiorum1    
chirurgeons1 panders1 bawds1 and        
midwives1 c4 ,many poor country-vicars1 
for want of other means1 are driven to  
their shifts2 to turn mountebanks1      
quacksalvers1 empirics1 and if our      
greedy patrons hold us to such hard     
conditions1 as commonly they do1 they   
will make most of us work at some trade1
 as ,paul did1 at last turn taskers1    
maltsters1 costermongers1 graziers1 sell
 ale as some have done1 or worse4       

,howsoever in undertaking this task1 ,i 
hope ,i shall commit no great error or  
indecorum1 if all be considered aright1 
,i can vindicate myself with ,georgius  
,braunus1 and ,hieronymus ,hemingius1   
those two learned divines2 who 7to      
borrow a line or two of mine #aff;elder 
brother7 drawn by a natural love1 the   
one of pictures and maps1 prospectives  
and chorographical delights1 writ that  
ample theatre of cities2 the other to   
the study of genealogies1 penned        
theatrum genealogicum4 ,or else ,i can  
excuse my studies with #afg,lessius the 
,jesuit in like case4 ,it is a disease  
of the soul on which ,i am to treat1 and
 as much appertaining to a divine as to 
a physician1 and who knows not what an  
agreement there is betwixt these two    
professions8 ,a good divine either is or
 ought to be a good physician1 a        
spiritual physician at least1 as our    
,saviour calls himself1 and was indeed1 
,mat4 iv4 #bc2 ,luke1 v4 #ah2 ,luke1    
vii4 #h4 ,they differ but in object1 the

 one of the body1 the other of the soul1
 and use divers medicines to cure2 one  
amends animam per corpus1 the other     
corpus per animam as #afhour ,regius    
,professor of physic well informed us in
 a learned lecture of his not long      
since4 ,one helps the vices and passions
 of the soul1 anger1 lust1 desperation1 
pride1 presumption1 c4 by applying that 
spiritual physic2 as the other uses     
proper remedies in bodily diseases4 ,now
 this being a common infirmity of body  
and soul1 and such a one that hath as   
much need of spiritual as a corporal    
cure1 ,i could not find a fitter task to
 busy myself about1 a more apposite     
theme1 so necessary1 so commodious1 and 
generally concerning all sorts of men1  
that should so equally participate of   
both1 and require a whole physician4 ,a 
divine in this compound mixed malady can
 do little alone1 a physician in some   
kinds of melancholy much less1 both make
 an absolute cure4 #afi;,alterius sic   
altera poscit opem4  ------when in      

friendship joined ,a mutual succour in  
each other find4  ,and 'tis proper to   
them both1 and ,i hope not unbeseeming  
me1 who am by my profession a divine1   
and by mine inclination a physician4 ,i 
had ,jupiter in my sixth house2 ,i say  
with #agj;,beroaldus1 non sum medicus1  
nec medicinae prorsus expers1 in the    
theory of physic ,i have taken some     
pains1 not with an intent to practice1  
but to satisfy myself1 which was a cause
 likewise of the first undertaking of   
this subject4 ,if these reasons do not  
satisfy thee1 good reader1 as ,alexander
 ,munificus that bountiful prelate1     
sometimes bishop of ,lincoln1 when he   
had built six castles1 ad invidiam      
operis eluendam1 saith #aga,mr4 ,camden1
 to take away the envy of his work      
7which very words ,nubrigensis hath of  
,roger the rich bishop of ,salisbury1   
who in king ,stephen's time built       
,shirburn castle1 and that of ,devises71
 to divert the scandal or imputation1   
which might be thence inferred1 built so

 many religious houses4 ,if this my     
discourse be over-medicinal1 or savour  
too much of humanity1 ,i promise thee   
that ,i will hereafter make thee amends 
in some treatise of divinity4 ,but this 
,i hope shall suffice1 when you have    
more fully considered of the matter of  
this my subject1 rem substratam1        
melancholy1 madness1 and of the reasons 
following1 which were my chief motives3 
the generality of the disease1 the      
necessity of the cure1 and the commodity
 or common good that will arise to all  
men by the knowledge of it1 as shall at 
large appear in the ensuing preface4    
,and ,i doubt not but that in the end   
you will say with me1 that to anatomise 
this humour aright1 through all the     
members of this our ,microcosmus1 is as 
great a task1 as to reconcile those     
chronological errors in the ,assyrian   
monarchy1 find out the quadrature of a  
circle1 the creeks and sounds of the    
north-east1 or north-west passages1 and 
all out as good a discovery as that     

hungry #agb,spaniard's of ,terra        
,australis ,incognita1 as great trouble 
as to perfect the motion of ,mars and   
,mercury1 which so crucifies our        
astronomers1 or to rectify the          
,gregorian ,calendar4 ,i am so affected 
for my part1 and hope as                
#agc,theophrastus did by his characters1
 ,that our posterity1 ,o friend         
,policles1 shall be the better for this 
which we have written1 by correcting and
 rectifying what is amiss in themselves 
by our examples1 and applying our       
precepts and cautions to their own use4 
,and as that great captain ,zisca would 
have a drum made of his skin when he was
 dead1 because he thought the very noise
 of it would put his enemies to flight1 
,i doubt not but that these following   
lines1 when they shall be recited1 or   
hereafter read1 will drive away         
melancholy 7though ,i be gone7 as much  
as ,zisca's drum could terrify his foes4
 ,yet one caution let me give by the way
 to my present1 or my future reader1 who

 is actually melancholy1 that he read   
not the #agdsymptoms or prognostics in  
this following tract1 lest by applying  
that which he reads to himself1         
aggravating1 appropriating things       
generally spoken1 to his own person 7as 
melancholy men for the most part do7 he 
trouble or hurt himself1 and get in     
conclusion more harm than good4 ,i      
advise them therefore warily to peruse  
that tract1 ,lapides loquitur 7so said  
#age;,agrippa de occ4 ,phil47 et caveant
 lectores ne cerebrum iis excutiat4 ,the
 rest ,i doubt not they may securely    
read1 and to their benefit4 ,but ,i am  
over-tedious1 ,i proceed4 ,of the       
necessity and generality of this which  
,i have said1 if any man doubt1 ,i shall
 desire him to make a brief survey of   
the world1 as #agf ,cyprian adviseth    
,donat1 supposing himself to be         
transported to the top of some high     
mountain1 and thence to behold the      
tumults and chances of this wavering    
world1 he cannot choose but either laugh

 at1 or pity it4 ,s4 ,hierom out of a   
strong imagination1 being in the        
wilderness1 conceived with himself1 that
 he then saw them dancing in ,rome2 and 
if thou shalt either conceive1 or climb 
to see1 thou shalt soon perceive that   
all the world is mad1 that it is        
melancholy1 dotes2 that it is 7which    
,epichthonius ,cosmopolites expressed   
not many years since in a map7 made like
 a fool's head 7with that motto1 ,caput 
helleboro dignum7 a crazed head1 cavea  
stultorum1 a fool's paradise1 or as     
,apollonius1 a common prison of gulls1  
cheaters1 flatterers1 c4 and needs to be
 reformed4 ,strabo in the ninth book of 
his geography1 compares ,greece to the  
picture of a man1 which comparison of   
his1 ,nic4 ,gerbelius in his exposition 
of ,sophianus' map1 approves2 the breast
 lies open from those ,acroceraunian    
hills in ,epirus1 to the ,sunian        
promontory in ,attica2 ,pagae and       
,magaera are the two shoulders2 that    
,isthmus of ,corinth the neck2 and      

,peloponnesus the head4 ,if this        
allusion hold1 'tis sure a mad head2    
,morea may be ,moria2 and to speak what 
,i think1 the inhabitants of modern     
,greece swerve as much from reason and  
true religion at this day1 as that      
,morea doth from the picture of a man4  
,examine the rest in like sort1 and you 
shall find that kingdoms and provinces  
are melancholy1 cities and families1 all
 creatures1 vegetal1 sensible1 and      
rational1 that all sorts1 sects1 ages1  
conditions1 are out of tune1 as in      
,cebes' table1 omnes errorem bibunt1    
before they come into the world1 they   
are intoxicated by error's cup1 from the
 highest to the lowest have need of     
physic1 and those particular actions in 
#agg,seneca1 where father and son prove 
one another mad1 may be general2        
,porcius ,latro shall plead against us  
all4 ,for indeed who is not a fool1     
melancholy1 mad8--#agh ,qui nil molitur 
inepte1 who is not brain-sick8 ,folly1  
melancholy1 madness1 are but one        

disease1 ,delirium is a common name to  
all4 ,alexander1 ,gordonius1 ,jason     
,pratensis1 ,savanarola1 ,guianerius1   
,montaltus1 confound them as differing  
secundum magis et minus2 so doth ,david1
 ,psal4 xxxvii4 #e4 ,i said unto the    
fools1 deal not so madly1 and 'twas an  
old ,stoical paradox1 omnes stultos     
insanire1 #agi;all fools are mad1 though
 some madder than others4 ,and who is   
not a fool1 who is free from melancholy8
 ,who is not touched more or less in    
habit or disposition8 ,if in            
disposition1 ill dispositions beget     
habits1 if they persevere1 saith        
#ahj,plutarch1 habits either are1 or    
turn to diseases4 ',tis the same which  
,tully maintains in the second of his   
,tusculans1 omnium insipientum animi in 
morbo sunt1 et perturbatorum1 fools are 
sick1 and all that are troubled in mind3
 for what is sickness1 but as           
#aha;,gregory ,tholosanus defines it1 ,a
 dissolution or perturbation of the     
bodily league1 which health combines3   

and who is not sick1 or ill-disposed8 in
 whom doth not passion1 anger1 envy1    
discontent1 fear and sorrow reign8 ,who 
labours not of this disease8 ,give me   
but a little leave1 and you shall see by
 what testimonies1 confessions1         
arguments1 ,i will evince it1 that most 
men are mad1 that they had as much need 
to go a pilgrimage to the ,anticyrae 7as
 in #ahb,strabo's time they did7 as in  
our days they run to ,compostella1 our  
,lady of ,sichem1 or ,lauretta1 to seek 
for help2 that it is like to be as      
prosperous a voyage as that of ,guiana1 
and that there is much more need of     
hellebore than of tobacco4 ,that men are
 so misaffected1 melancholy1 mad1       
giddy-headed1 hear the testimony of     
,solomon1 ,eccl4 ii4 #ab4 ,and ,i turned
 to behold wisdom1 madness and folly1 c4
 ,and ver4 #bc3 ,all his days are       
sorrow1 his travel grief1 and his heart 
taketh no rest in the night4 ,so that   
take melancholy in what sense you will1 
properly or improperly1 in disposition  

or habit1 for pleasure or for pain1     
dotage1 discontent1 fear1 sorrow1       
madness1 for part1 or all1 truly1 or    
metaphorically1 'tis all one4 ,laughter 
itself is madness according to ,solomon1
 and as ,st4 ,paul hath it1 ,worldly    
sorrow brings death4 ,the hearts of the 
sons of men are evil1 and madness is in 
their hearts while they live1 ,eccl4 ix4
 #c4 ,wise men themselves are no better4
 ,eccl4 i4 #ah4 ,in the multitude of    
wisdom is much grief1 and he that       
increaseth wisdom1 increaseth sorrow1   
chap4 ii4 #ag4 ,he hated life itself1   
nothing pleased him3 he hated his       
labour1 all1 as #ahc;he concludes1 is   
sorrow1 grief1 vanity1 vexation of      
spirit4 ,and though he were the wisest  
man in the world1 sanctuarium           
sapientiae1 and had wisdom in abundance1
 he will not vindicate himself1 or      
justify his own actions4 ,surely ,i am  
more foolish than any man1 and have not 
the understanding of a man in me1 ,prov4
 xxx4 #b4 ,be they ,solomon's words1 or 

the words of ,agur1 the son of ,jakeh1  
they are canonical4 ,david1 a man after 
,god's own heart1 confesseth as much of 
himself1 ,psal4 xxxvii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,so   
foolish was ,i and ignorant1 ,i was even
 as a beast before thee4 ,and condemns  
all for fools1 ,psal4 xciii42 xxxii4 #i2
 xlix4 #bj4 ,he compares them to beasts1
 horses1 and mules1 in which there is no
 understanding4 ,the apostle ,paul      
accuseth himself in like sort1 #b ,cor4 
ix4 #ba4 ,i would you would suffer a    
little my foolishness1 ,i speak         
foolishly4 ,the whole head is sick1     
saith ,esay1 and the heart is heavy1    
cap4 i4 #e4 ,and makes lighter of them  
than of oxen and asses1 the ox knows his
 owner1 c43 read ,deut4 xxxii4 #f2 ,jer4
 iv42 ,amos1 iii4 #a2 ,ephes4 v4 #f4 ,be
 not mad1 be not deceived1 foolish      
,galatians1 who hath bewitched you8 ,how
 often are they branded with this       
epithet of madness and folly8 ,no word  
so frequent amongst the fathers of the  
,church and divines2 you may see what an

 opinion they had of the world1 and how 
they valued men's actions4 ,i know that 
we think far otherwise1 and hold them   
most part wise men that are in          
authority1 princes1 magistrates1        
#ahdrich men1 they are wise men born1   
all politicians and statesmen must needs
 be so1 for who dare speak against them8
 ,and on the other1 so corrupt is our   
judgment1 we esteem wise and honest men 
fools4 ,which ,democritus well signified
 in an epistle of his to ,hippocrates3  
#ahethe ,abderites account virtue       
madness1 and so do most men living4     
,shall ,i tell you the reason of it8    
#ahf;,fortune and ,virtue1 ,wisdom and  
,folly1 their seconds1 upon a time      
contended in the ,olympics2 every man   
thought that ,fortune and ,folly would  
have the worst1 and pitied their cases2 
but it fell out otherwise4 ,fortune was 
blind and cared not where she stroke1   
nor whom1 without laws1 ,audabatarum    
instar1 c4 ,folly1 rash and             
inconsiderate1 esteemed as little what  

she said or did4 ,virtue and ,wisdom    
gave #ahgplace1 were hissed out1 and    
exploded by the common people2 ,folly   
and ,fortune admired1 and so are all    
their followers ever since3 knaves and  
fools commonly fare and deserve best in 
worldlings' eyes and opinions4 ,many    
good men have no better fate in their   
ages3 ,achish1 #a ,sam4 xxi4 #ad1 held  
,david for a madman4 #ahh;,elisha and   
the rest were no otherwise esteemed4    
,david was derided of the common people1
 ,ps4 ix4 #g1 ,i am become a monster to 
many4 ,and generally we are accounted   
fools for ,christ1 #a ,cor4 xiv4 ,we    
fools thought his life madness1 and his 
end without honour1 ,wisd4 v4 #d4       
,christ and his ,apostles were censured 
in like sort1 ,john x42 ,mark iii42     
,acts xxvi4 ,and so were all ,christians
 in #ahi,pliny's time1 fuerunt et alii1 
similis dementiae1 c4 ,and called not   
long after1 #aij,vesaniae sectatores1   
eversores hominum1 polluti novatores1   
fanatici1 canes1 malefici1 venefici1    

,galilaei homunciones1 c4 ',tis an      
ordinary thing with us1 to account      
honest1 devout1 orthodox1 divine1       
religious1 plain-dealing men1 idiots1   
asses1 that cannot1 or will not lie and 
dissemble1 shift1 flatter1 accommodare  
se ad eum locum ubi nati sunt1 make good
 bargains1 supplant1 thrive1 patronis   
inservire2 solennes ascendendi modos    
apprehendere1 leges1 mores1             
consuetudines recte observare1 candide  
laudare1 fortiter defendere1 sententias 
amplecti1 dubitare de nullus1 credere   
omnia1 accipere omnia1 nihil            
reprehendere1 caeteraque quae           
promotionem ferunt et securitatem1 quae 
sine ambage felicem1 reddunt hominem1 et
 vere sapientem apud nos2 that cannot   
temporise as other men do1 #aia;hand and
 take bribes1 c4 but fear ,god1 and make
 a conscience of their doings4 ,but the 
,holy ,ghost that knows better how to   
judge1 he calls them fools4 ,the fool   
hath said in his heart1 ,psal4 liii4 #a4
 ,and their ways utter their folly1     

,psal4 xlix4 #ad4 #aib;,for what can be 
more mad1 than for a little worldly     
pleasure to procure unto themselves     
eternal punishment8 ,as ,gregory and    
others inculcate unto us4 ,yea even all 
those great philosophers the world hath 
ever had in admiration1 whose works we  
do so much esteem1 that gave precepts of
 wisdom to others1 inventors of ,arts   
and ,sciences1 ,socrates the wisest man 
of his time by the ,oracle of ,apollo1  
whom his two scholars1 #aic,plato and   
#aid ,xenophon1 so much extol and       
magnify with those honourable titles1   
best and wisest of all mortal men1 the  
happiest1 and most just2 and as #aie    
,alcibiades incomparably commends him2  
,achilles was a worthy man1 but         
,bracides and others were as worthy as  
himself2 ,antenor and ,nestor were as   
good as ,pericles1 and so of the rest2  
but none present1 before1 or after      
,socrates1 nemo veterum neque eorum qui 
nunc sunt1 were ever such1 will match1  
or come near him4 ,those seven wise men 

of ,greece1 those ,britain ,druids1     
,indian ,brachmanni1 ,ethiopian         
,gymnosophist1 ,magi of the ,persians1  
,apollonius1 of whom ,philostratus1 ,non
 doctus1 sed natus sapiens1 wise from   
his cradle1 ,eoicuras so much admired by
 his scholar ,lucretius3 ,qui genus     
humanum ingenio superavit1 et omnes     
,perstrinxit stellas exortus ut         
aetherius sol4  ,whose wit excell'd the 
wits of men as far1 ,as the sun rising  
doth obscure a star1  ,or that so much  
renowned ,empedocles1 #aif,ut vix humana
 videatur stirpe creatus4  ,all those of
 whom we read such #aig;hyperbolical    
eulogiums1 as of ,aristotle1 that he was
 wisdom itself in the abstract1 #aih;a  
miracle of nature1 breathing libraries1 
as ,eunapius of ,longinus1 lights of    
nature1 giants for wit1 quintessence of 
wit1 divine spirits1 eagles in the      
clouds1 fallen from heaven1 gods1       
spirits1 lamps of the world1 dictators1 
,nulla ferant talem saecla futura virum3
 monarchs1 miracles1 superintendents of 

wit and learning1 oceanus1 phoenix1     
atlas1 monstrum1 portentum hominis1     
orbis universi musaeum1 ultimus humana  
naturae donatus1 naturae maritus1       
------merito cui doctior orbis          
,submissis defert fascibus imperium4    
,as ,aelian writ of ,protagoras and     
,gorgias1 we may say of them all1 tantum
 a sapientibus abfuerunt1 quantum a     
viris pueri1 they were children in      
respect1 infants1 not eagles1 but kites2
 novices1 illiterate1 ,eunuchi          
sapientiae4 ,and although they were the 
wisest1 and most admired in their age1  
as he censured ,alexander1 ,i do them1  
there were #aj1jjj in his army as worthy
 captains 7had they been in place of    
command7 as valiant as himself2 there   
were myriads of men wiser in those days1
 and yet all short of what they ought to
 be4 #aii,lactantius1 in his book of    
wisdom1 proves them to be dizzards1     
fools1 asses1 madmen1 so full of absurd 
and ridiculous tenets1 and brain-sick   
positions1 that to his thinking never   

any old woman or sick person doted      
worse4 #bjj;,democritus took all from   
,leucippus1 and left1 saith he1 the     
inheritance of his folly to ,epicurus1  
#bja;insanienti dum sapientiae1 c4 ,the 
like he holds of ,plato1 ,aristippus1   
and the rest1 making no difference      
#bjb;betwixt them and beasts1 saving    
that they could speak4 #bjc,theodoret in
 his tract1 ,de cur4 grec4 affect4      
manifestly evinces as much of ,socrates1
 whom though that ,oracle of ,apollo    
confirmed to be the wisest man then     
living1 and saved him from plague1 whom 
#bjjj years have admired1 of whom some  
will as soon speak evil as of ,christ1  
yet re vera1 he was an illiterate idiot1
 as #bjd;,aristophanes calls him1       
irriscor et ambitiosus1 as his master   
,aristotle terms him1 scurra ,atticus1  
as ,zeno1 an #bje;enemy to all arts and 
sciences1 as ,athaeneus1 to philosophers
 and travellers1 an opiniative ass1 a   
caviller1 a kind of pedant2 for his     
manners1 as ,theod4 ,cyrensis describes 

him1 a #bjf sodomite1 an atheist1 7so   
convict by ,anytus7 iracundus et ebrius1
 dicax1 c4 a pot-companion1 by          
#bjg,plato's own confession1 a sturdy   
drinker2 and that of all others he was  
most sottish1 a very madman in his      
actions and opinions4 ,pythagoras was   
part philosopher1 part magician1 or part
 witch4 ,if you desire to hear more of  
,apollonius1 a great wise man1 sometime 
paralleled by ,julian the apostate to   
,christ1 ,i refer you to that learned   
tract of ,eusebius against ,hierocles1  
and for them all to ,lucian's ,piscator1
 ,icaromenippus1 ,necyomantia3 their    
actions1 opinions in general were so    
prodigious1 absurd1 ridiculous1 which   
they broached and maintained1 their     
books and elaborate treatises were full 
of dotage1 which ,tully ad ,atticum long
 since observed1 delirant plerumque     
scriptores in libris suis1 their lives  
being opposite to their words1 they     
commended poverty to others1 and were   
most covetous themselves1 extolled love 

and peace1 and yet persecuted one       
another with virulent hate and malice4  
,they could give precepts for verse and 
prose1 but not a man of them 7as        
#bjh,seneca tells them home7 could      
moderate his affections4 ,their music   
did show us flebiles modos1 c4 how to   
rise and fall1 but they could not so    
contain themselves as in adversity not  
to make a lamentable tone4 ,they will   
measure ground by geometry1 set down    
limits1 divide and subdivide1 but cannot
 yet prescribe quantum homini satis1 or 
keep within compass of reason and       
discretion4 ,they can square circles1   
but understand not the state of their   
own souls1 describe right lines and     
crooked1 c4 but know not what is right  
in this life1 quid in vita rectum sit1  
ignorant2 so that as he said1 ,nescio an
 ,anticyram ratio illis destinet omnem4 
,i think all the ,anticyrae will not    
restore them to their wits1 #bji;if     
these men now1 that held #baj           
,xenodotus' heart1 ,crates' liver1      

,epictetus' lantern1 were so sottish1   
and had no more brains than so many     
beetles1 what shall we think of the     
commonalty8 what of the rest8 ,yea1 but 
you will infer1 that is true of         
heathens1 if they be conferred with     
,christians1 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ai4 ,the    
wisdom of this world is foolishness with
 ,god1 earthly and devilish1 as ,james  
calls it1 iii4 #ae4 ,they were vain in  
their imaginations1 and their foolish   
heart was full of darkness1 ,rom4 i4    
#ba1 #bb4 ,when they professed          
themselves wise1 became fools4 ,their   
witty works are admired here on earth1  
whilst their souls are tormented in hell
 fire4 ,in some sense1 ,christiani      
,crassiani1 ,christians are ,crassians1 
and if compared to that wisdom1 no      
better than fools4 ,quis est sapiens8   
,solus ,deus1 #baa,pythagoras replies1  
,god is only wise1 ,rom4 xvi4 ,paul     
determines only good1 as ,austin well   
contends1 and no man living can be      
justified in his sight4 ,god looked down

 from heaven upon the children of men1  
to see if any did understand1 ,psalm    
liii4 #b1 #c1 but all are corrupt1 err4 
,rom4 iii4 #ab1 ,none doeth good1 no1   
not one4 ,job aggravates this1 iv4 #ah1 
,behold he found no steadfastness in his
 servants1 and laid folly upon his      
angels2 #ai4 ,how much more on them that
 dwell in houses of clay8 ,in this sense
 we are all fools1 and the              
#bab,scripture alone is arx ,minervae1  
we and our writings are shallow and     
imperfect4 ,but ,i do not so mean2 even 
in our ordinary dealings we are no      
better than fools4 ,all our actions1 as 
#bac,pliny told ,trajan1 upbraid us of  
folly1 our whole course of life is but  
matter of laughter3 we are not soberly  
wise2 and the world itself1 which ought 
at least to be wise by reason of his    
antiquity1 as #bad;,hugo de ,prato      
,florido will have it1 semper stultizat1
 is every day more foolish than other2  
the more it is whipped1 the worse it is1
 and as a child will still be crowned   

with roses and flowers4 ,we are apish in
 it1 asini bipedes1 and every place is  
full inversorum ,apuleiorum of          
metamorphosed and two-legged asses1     
inversorum ,silenorum1 childish1 pueri  
instar bimuli1 tremula patris dormientis
 in ulna4 ,jovianus ,pontanus1 ,antonio 
,dial1 brings in some laughing at an old
 man1 that by reason of his age was a   
little fond1 but as he admonisheth      
there1 ,ne mireris mi hospes de hoc     
sene1 marvel not at him only1 for tota  
haec civitas delirium1 all our town     
dotes in like sort1 #baewe are a company
 of fools4 ,ask not with him in the     
poet1 #baf,larvae hunc intemperiae      
insaniaeque agitant senem8 ,what madness
 ghosts this old man1 but what madness  
ghosts us all8 ,for we are ad unum      
omnes1 all mad1 semel insanivimus omnes 
not once1 but alway so1 et semel1 et    
simul1 et semper1 ever and altogether as
 bad as he2 and not senex bis puer1     
delira anus1 but say it of us all1      
semper pueri1 young and old1 all dote1  

as ,lactantius proves out of ,seneca2   
and no difference betwixt us and        
children1 saving that1 majora ludimus1  
et grandioribus pupis1 they play with   
babies of clouts and such toys1 we sport
 with greater baubles4 ,we cannot accuse
 or condemn one another1 being faulty   
ourselves1 deliramenta loqueris1 you    
talk idly1 or as #bag,mitio upbraided   
,demea1 insanis1 auferte1 for we are as 
mad our own selves1 and it is hard to   
say which is the worst4 ,nay1 'tis      
universally so1 #bah,vitam regit        
fortuna1 non sapientia4 ,when           
#bai,socrates had taken great pains to  
find out a wise man1 and to that purpose
 had consulted with philosophers1 poets1
 artificers1 he concludes all men were  
fools2 and though it procured him both  
anger and much envy1 yet in all         
companies he would openly profess it4   
,when #bbj ,supputius in ,pontanus had  
travelled all over ,europe to confer    
with a wise man1 he returned at last    
without his errand1 and could find none4

 #bba ,cardan concurs with him1 ,few    
there are 7for aught ,i can perceive7   
well in their wits4 ,so doth #bbb,tully1
 ,i see everything to be done foolishly 
and unadvisedly4 ,ille sinistrorsum1 hic
 dextrorsum1 unus utrique ,error1 sed   
variis illudit partibus omnes4  ,one    
reels to this1 another to that wall1    
',tis the same error that deludes them  
all4  #bbc,they dote all1 but not alike1
    1 not in the same kind1 ,one is     
covetous1 a second lascivious1 a third  
ambitious1 a fourth envious1 c4 as      
,damasippus the ,stoic hath well        
illustrated in the poet1 #bbd;,desipiunt
 omnes aeque ac tu4  ,and they who call 
you fool1 with equal claim ,may plead an
 ample title to the name4  ',tis an     
inbred malady in every one of us1 there 
is seminarium stultitiae1 a seminary of 
folly1 which if it be stirred up1 or get
 ahead1 will run in infinitum1 and      
infinitely varies1 as we ourselves are  
severally addicted1 saith               
#bbe;,balthazar ,castilio3 and cannot so

 easily be rooted out1 it takes such    
fast hold1 as ,tully holds1 altae       
radices stultitiae1 #bbfso we are bred1 
and so we continue4 ,some say there be  
two main defects of wit1 error and      
ignorance1 to which all others are      
reduced2 by ignorance we know not things
 necessary1 by error we know them       
falsely4 ,ignorance is a privation1     
error a positive act4 ,from ignorance   
comes vice1 from error heresy1 c4 ,but  
make how many kinds you will1 divide and
 subdivide1 few men are free1 or that do
 not impinge on some one kind or other4 
#bbg,sic plerumque agitat stultos       
inscitia1 as he that examines his own   
and other men's actions shall find4     
#bbh;,charon in ,lucian1 as he wittily  
feigns1 was conducted by ,mercury to    
such a place1 where he might see all the
 world at once2 after he had            
sufficiently viewed1 and looked about1  
,mercury would needs know of him what he
 had observed3 ,he told him that he saw 
a vast multitude and a promiscuous1     

their habitations like molehills1 the   
men as emmets1 he could discern cities  
like so many hives of bees1 wherein     
every bee had a sting1 and they did     
nought else but sting one another1 some 
domineering like hornets bigger than the
 rest1 some like filching wasps1 others 
as drones4 ,over their heads were       
hovering a confused company of          
perturbations1 hope1 fear1 anger1       
avarice1 ignorance1 c41 and a multitude 
of diseases hanging1 which they still   
pulled on their pates4 ,some were       
brawling1 some fighting1 riding1        
running1 sollicite ambientes1 callide   
litigantes for toys and trifles1 and    
such momentary things1 ,their towns and 
provinces mere factions1 rich against   
poor1 poor against rich1 nobles against 
artificers1 they against nobles1 and so 
the rest4 ,in conclusion1 he condemned  
them all for madmen1 fools1 idiots1     
asses1 ,o stulti1 quaenam haec est      
amentia8 ,o fools1 ,o madmen1 he        
exclaims1 insana studia1 insani labores1

 c4 ,mad endeavours1 mad actions1 mad1  
mad1 mad1 #bbi,o saeclum insipiens et   
infacetum1 a giddy-headed age4          
,heraclitus the philosopher1 out of a   
serious meditation of men's lives1 fell 
a weeping1 and with continual tears     
bewailed their misery1 madness1 and     
folly4 ,democritus on the other side1   
burst out a laughing1 their whole life  
seemed to him so ridiculous1 and he was 
so far carried with this ironical       
passion1 that the citizens of ,abdera   
took him to be mad1 and sent therefore  
ambassadors to ,hippocrates1 the        
physician1 that he would exercise his   
skill upon him4 ,but the story is set   
down at large by ,hippocrates1 in his   
epistle to ,damogetus1 which because it 
is not impertinent to this discourse1 ,i
 will insert verbatim almost as it is   
delivered by ,hippocrates himself1 with 
all the circumstances belonging unto it4
 ,when ,hippocrates was now come to     
,abdera1 the people of the city came    
flocking about him1 some weeping1 some  

intreating of him1 that he would do his 
best4 ,after some little repast1 he went
 to see ,democritus1 the people         
following him1 whom he found 7as before7
 in his garden in the suburbs all alone1
 #bcjsitting upon a stone under a plane 
tree1 without hose or shoes1 with a book
 on his knees1 cutting up several       
beasts1 and busy at his study4 ,the     
multitude stood gazing round about to   
see the congress4 ,hippocrates1 after a 
little pause1 saluted him by his name1  
whom he resaluted1 ashamed almost that  
he could not call him likewise by his1  
or that he had forgot it4 ,hippocrates  
demanded of him what he was doing3 he   
told him that he was #bca;busy in       
cutting up several beasts1 to find out  
the cause of madness and melancholy4    
,hippocrates commended his work1        
admiring his happiness and leisure4 ,and
 why1 quoth ,democritus1 have not you   
that leisure8 ,because1 replied         
,hippocrates1 domestic affairs hinder1  
necessary to be done for ourselves1     

neighbours1 friends2 expenses1 diseases1
 frailties and mortalities which happen2
 wife1 children1 servants1 and such     
business which deprive us of our time4  
,at this speech ,democritus profusely   
laughed 7his friends and the people     
standing by1 weeping in the mean time1  
and lamenting his madness74 ,hippocrates
 asked the reason why he laughed4 ,he   
told him1 at the vanities and the       
fopperies of the time1 to see men so    
empty of all virtuous actions1 to hunt  
so far after gold1 having no end of     
ambition2 to take such infinite pains   
for a little glory1 and to be favoured  
of men2 to make such deep mines into the
 earth for gold1 and many times to find 
nothing1 with loss of their lives and   
fortunes4 ,some to love dogs1 others    
horses1 some to desire to be obeyed in  
many provinces1#bcb and yet themselves  
will know no obedience4 #bcc,some to    
love their wives dearly at first1 and   
after a while to forsake and hate them2 
begetting children1 with much care and  

cost for their education1 yet when they 
grow to man's estate1 #bcdto despise1   
neglect1 and leave them naked to the    
world's mercy4 #bce;,do not these       
behaviours express their intolerable    
folly8 ,when men live in peace1 they    
covet war1 detesting quietness1 #bcf    
deposing kings1 and advancing others in 
their stead1 murdering some men to beget
 children of their wives4 ,how many     
strange humours are in men6 ,when they  
are poor and needy1 they seek riches1   
and when they have them1 they do not    
enjoy them1 but hide them under ground1 
or else wastefully spend them4 ,o wise  
,hippocrates1 ,i laugh at such things   
being done1 but much more when no good  
comes of them1 and when they are done to
 so ill purpose4 ,there is no truth or  
justice found amongst them1 for they    
daily plead one against another1 #bcgthe
 son against the father and the mother1 
brother against brother1 kindred and    
friends of the same quality2 and all    
this for riches1 whereof after death    

they cannot be possessors4 ,and yet     
notwithstanding they will defame and    
kill one another1 commit all unlawful   
actions1 contemning ,god and men1       
friends and country4 ,they make great   
account of many senseless things1       
esteeming them as a great part of their 
treasure1 statues1 pictures1 and such   
like movables1 dear bought1 and so      
cunningly wrought1 as nothing but speech
 wanteth in them1 #bch;and yet they hate
 living persons speaking to them4       
#bci,others affect difficult things2 if 
they dwell on firm land they will remove
 to an island1 and thence to land again1
 being no way constant to their desires4
 ,they commend courage and strength in  
wars1 and let themselves be conquered by
 lust and avarice2 they are1 in brief1  
as disordered in their minds1 as        
,thersites was in his body4 ,and now1   
methinks1 ,o most worthy ,hippocrates1  
you should not reprehend my laughing1   
perceiving so many fooleries in men2    
#bdj;for no man will mock his own folly1

 but that which he seeth in a second1   
and so they justly mock one another4    
,the drunkard calls him a glutton whom  
he knows to be sober4 ,many men love the
 sea1 others husbandry2 briefly1 they   
cannot agree in their own trades and    
professions1 much less in their lives   
and actions4 ,when ,hippocrates heard   
these words so readily uttered1 without 
premeditation1 to declare the world's   
vanity1 full of ridiculous contrariety1 
he made answer1 that necessity compelled
 men to many such actions1 and divers   
wills ensuing from divine permission1   
that we might not be idle1 being nothing
 is so odious to them as sloth and      
negligence4 ,besides1 men cannot foresee
 future events1 in this uncertainty of  
human affairs2 they would not so marry1 
if they could foretell the causes of    
their dislike and separation2 or        
parents1 if they knew the hour of their 
children's death1 so tenderly provide   
for them2 or an husbandman sow1 if he   
thought there would be no increase2 or a

 merchant adventure to sea1 if he       
foresaw shipwreck2 or be a magistrate1  
if presently to be deposed4 ,alas1      
worthy ,democritus1 every man hopes the 
best1 and to that end he doth it1 and   
therefore no such cause1 or ridiculous  
occasion of laughter4 ,democritus       
hearing this poor excuse1 laughed again 
aloud1 perceiving he wholly mistook him1
 and did not well understand what he had
 said concerning perturbations and      
tranquillity of the mind4 ,insomuch1    
that if men would govern their actions  
by discretion and providence1 they would
 not declare themselves fools as now    
they do1 and he should have no cause of 
laughter2 but 7quoth he7 they swell in  
this life as if they were immortal1 and 
demigods1 for want of understanding4 ,it
 were enough to make them wise1 if they 
would but consider the mutability of    
this world1 and how it wheels about1    
nothing being firm and sure4 ,he that is
 now above1 tomorrow is beneath2 he that
 sate on this side today1 tomorrow is   

hurled on the other3 and not considering
 these matters1 they fall into many     
inconveniences and troubles1 coveting   
things of no profit1 and thirsting after
 them1 tumbling headlong into many      
calamities4 ,so that if men would       
attempt no more than what they can bear1
 they should lead contented lives1 and  
learning to know themselves1 would limit
 their ambition1 #bdathey would perceive
 then that nature hath enough without   
seeking such superfluities1 and         
unprofitable things1 which bring nothing
 with them but grief and molestation4   
,as a fat body is more subject to       
diseases1 so are rich men to absurdities
 and fooleries1 to many casualties and  
cross inconveniences4 ,there are many   
that take no heed what happeneth to     
others by bad conversation1 and         
therefore overthrow themselves in the   
same manner through their own fault1 not
 foreseeing dangers manifest4 ,these are
 things 7,o more than mad1 quoth he7    
that give me matter of laughter1 by     

suffering the pains of your impieties1  
as your avarice1 envy1 malice1 enormous 
villainies1 mutinies1 unsatiable        
desires1 conspiracies1 and other        
incurable vices2 besides your           
#bdb;dissimulation and hypocrisy1       
bearing deadly hatred one to the other1 
and yet shadowing it with a good face1  
flying out into all filthy lusts1 and   
transgressions of all laws1 both of     
nature and civility4 ,many things which 
they have left off1 after a while they  
fall to again1 husbandry1 navigation2   
and leave again1 fickle and inconstant  
as they are4 ,when they are young1 they 
would be old1 and old1 young4 #bdc      
,princes commend a private life2 private
 men itch after honour3 a magistrate    
commends a quiet life2 a quiet man would
 be in his office1 and obeyed as he is3 
and what is the cause of all this1 but  
that they know not themselves8 ,some    
delight to destroy1 #bddone to build1   
another to spoil one country to enrich  
another and himself4 #bde;,in all these 

things they are like children1 in whom  
is no judgment or counsel and resemble  
beasts1 saving that beasts are better   
than they1 as being contented with      
nature4 #bdf ,when shall you see a lion 
hide gold in the ground1 or a bull      
contend for better pasture8 ,when a boar
 is thirsty1 he drinks what will serve  
him1 and no more2 and when his belly is 
full1 ceaseth to eat3 but men are       
immoderate in both1 as in lust--they    
covet carnal copulation at set times2   
men always1 ruinating thereby the health
 of their bodies4 ,and doth it not      
deserve laughter to see an amorous fool 
torment himself for a wench2 weep1 howl 
for a misshapen slut1 a dowdy sometimes1
 that might have his choice of the      
finest beauties8 ,is there any remedy   
for this in physic8 ,i do anatomise and 
cut up these poor beasts1 #bdgto see    
these distempers1 vanities1 and follies1
 yet such proof were better made on     
man's body1 if my kind nature would     
endure it3 #bdhwho from the hour of his 

birth is most miserable2 weak1 and      
sickly2 when he sucks he is guided by   
others1 when he is grown great          
practiseth unhappiness #bdi;and is      
sturdy1 and when old1 a child again1 and
 repenteth him of his life past4 ,and   
here being interrupted by one that      
brought books1 he fell to it again1 that
 all were mad1 careless1 stupid4 ,to    
prove my former speeches1 look into     
courts1 or private houses4 #bej;,judges 
give judgment according to their own    
advantage1 doing manifest wrong to poor 
innocents to please others4 ,notaries   
alter sentences1 and for money lose     
their deeds4 ,some make false monies2   
others counterfeit false weights4 ,some 
abuse their parents1 yea corrupt their  
own sisters2 others make long libels and
 pasquils1 defaming men of good life1   
and extol such as are lewd and vicious4 
,some rob one1 some another3            
#beamagistrates make laws against       
thieves1 and are the veriest thieves    
themselves4 ,some kill themselves1      

others despair1 not obtaining their     
desires4 ,some dance1 sing1 laugh1 feast
 and banquet1 whilst others sigh1       
languish1 mourn and lament1 having      
neither meat1 drink1 nor clothes4       
#beb,some prank up their bodies1 and    
have their minds full of execrable      
vices4 ,some trot about #becto bear     
false witness1 and say anything for     
money2 and though judges know of it1 yet
 for a bribe they wink at it1 and suffer
 false contracts to prevail against     
equity4 ,women are all day a dressing1  
to pleasure other men abroad1 and go    
like sluts at home1 not caring to please
 their own husbands whom they should4   
,seeing men are so fickle1 so sottish1  
so intemperate1 why should not ,i laugh 
at those to whom #bed;folly seems       
wisdom1 will not be cured1 and perceive 
it not8 ,it grew late3 ,hippocrates left
 him2 and no sooner was he come away1   
but all the citizens came about         
flocking1 to know how he liked him4 ,he 
told them in brief1 that notwithstanding

 those small neglects of his attire1    
body1 diet1 #beethe world had not a     
wiser1 a more learned1 a more honest    
man1 and they were much deceived to say 
that he was mad4 ,thus ,democritus      
esteemed of the world in his time1 and  
this was the cause of his laughter3 and 
good cause he had4  #bef,olim jure      
quidem1 nunc plus ,democrite ride2 ,quin
 rides8 vita haec nunc mage ridicula    
est4   ,democritus did well to laugh of 
old1 ,good cause he had1 but now much   
more2  ,this life of ours is more       
ridiculous ,than that of his1 or long   
before4  ,never so much cause of        
laughter as now1 never so many fools and
 madmen4 ',tis not one #beg;,democritus 
will serve turn to laugh in these days2 
we have now need of a ,democritus to    
laugh at ,democritus2 one jester to     
flout at another1 one fool to fleer at  
another3 a great stentorian ,democritus1
 as big as that ,rhodian ,colossus1 ,for
 now1 as #beh,salisburiensis said in his
 time1 totus mundus histrionem agit1 the

 whole world plays the fool2 we have a  
new theatre1 a new scene1 a new comedy  
of errors1 a new company of personate   
actors1 volupiae sacra 7as ,calcagninus 
willingly feigns in his ,apologues7 are 
celebrated all the world over1 #beiwhere
 all the actors were madmen and fools1  
and every hour changed habits1 or took  
that which came next4 ,he that was a    
mariner today1 is an apothecary         
tomorrow2 a smith one while1 a          
philosopher another1 in his volupiae    
ludis2 a king now with his crown1 robes1
 sceptre1 attendants1 by and by drove a 
loaded ass before him like a carter1 c4 
,if ,democritus were alive now1 he      
should see strange alterations1 a new   
company of counterfeit vizards1         
whifflers1 ,cumane asses1 maskers1      
mummers1 painted puppets1 outsides1     
fantastic shadows1 gulls1 monsters1     
giddy-heads1 butterflies4 ,and so many  
of them are indeed 7#bfj;if all be true 
that ,i have read74 ,for when ,jupiter  
and ,juno's wedding was solemnised of   

old1 the gods were all invited to the   
feast1 and many noble men besides3      
,amongst the rest came ,crysalus1 a     
,persian prince1 bravely attended1 rich 
in golden attires1 in gay robes1 with a 
majestical presence1 but otherwise an   
ass4 ,the gods seeing him come in such  
pomp and state1 rose up to give him     
place1 ex habitu hominem metientes2     
#bfa;but ,jupiter perceiving what he    
was1 a light1 fantastic1 idle fellow1   
turned him and his proud followers into 
butterflies3 and so they continue still 
7for aught ,i know to the contrary7     
roving about in pied coats1 and are     
called chrysalides by the wiser sort of 
men3 that is1 golden outsides1 drones1  
and flies1 and things of no worth4      
,multitudes of such1 c4 #bfb------ubique
 invenies ,stultos avaros1 sycopliantas 
prodigos4  ,many additions1 much        
increase of madness1 folly1 vanity1     
should ,democritus observe1 were he now 
to travel1 or could get leave of ,pluto 
to come see fashions1 as ,charon did in 

,lucian to visit our cities of ,moronia 
,pia1 and ,moronia ,felix3 sure ,i think
 he would break the rim of his belly    
with laughing4 #bfc,si foret in terris  
rideret ,democritus1 seu1 c4 ,a         
satirical ,roman in his time1 thought   
all vice1 folly1 and madness were all at
 full sea1 #bfd,omne in praecipiti      
vitium stetit4 #bfe;,josephus the       
historian taxeth his countrymen ,jews   
for bragging of their vices1 publishing 
their follies1 and that they did contend
 amongst themselves who should be most  
notorious in villainies2 but we flow    
higher in madness1 far beyond them1     
#bff,mox daturi progeniem vitiosorem1   
,and yet with crimes to us unknown1 ,our
 sons shall mark the coming age their   
own1  and the latter end 7you know whose
 oracle it is7 is like to be worse4     
',tis not to be denied1 the world alters
 every day1 ,ruunt urbes1 regna         
transferuntur1 c4 variantur habitus1    
leges innovantur1 as #bfg,petrarch      
observes1 we change language1 habits1   

laws1 customs1 manners1 but not vices1  
not diseases1 not the symptoms of folly 
and madness1 they are still the same4   
,and as a river1 we see1 keeps the like 
name and place1 but not water1 and yet  
ever runs1 #bfh,labitur et labetur in   
omne volubilis aevum2 our times and     
persons alter1 vices are the same1 and  
ever will be2 look how nightingales sang
 of old1 cocks crowed1 kine lowed1 sheep
 bleated1 sparrows chirped1 dogs barked1
 so they do still3 we keep our madness  
still1 play the fools still1 nec dum    
finitus ,orestes2 we are of the same    
humours and inclinations as our         
predecessors were2 you shall find us all
 alike1 much at one1 we and our sons1   
,et nati natorum1 et qui nascuntur ab   
illis4 ,and so shall our posterity      
continue to the last4 ,but to speak of  
times present4 ,if ,democritus were     
alive now1 and should but see the       
superstition of our age1 our            
#bfireligious madness1 as #bgj,meteran  
calls it1 ,religiosam insaniam1 so many 

professed ,christians1 yet so few       
imitators of ,christ2 so much talk of   
religion1 so much science1 so little    
conscience2 so much knowledge1 so many  
preachers1 so little practice2 such     
variety of sects1 such have and hold of 
all sides1 #bga--obvia signis ,signa1   
c41 such absurd and ridiculous          
traditions and ceremonies3 ,if he should
 meet a #bgb ,capuchin1 a ,franciscan1 a
 ,pharisaical ,jesuit1 a man-serpent1 a 
shave-crowned ,monk in his robes1 a     
begging ,friar1 or1 see their           
three-crowned ,sovereign ,lord the      
,pope1 poor ,peter's successor1 servus  
servorum ,dei1 to depose kings with his 
foot1 to tread on emperors' necks1 make 
them stand barefoot and barelegged at   
his gates1 hold his bridle and stirrup1 
c4 7,o that ,peter and ,paul were alive 
to see this67 ,if he should observe a   
#bgcprince creep so devoutly to kiss his
 toe1 and those red-cap cardinals1 poor 
parish priests of old1 now princes'     
companions2 what would he say8 ,coelum  

ipsum petitur stultitia4 ,had he met    
some of our devout pilgrims going       
barefoot to ,jerusalem1 our lady of     
,lauretto1 ,rome1 ,s4 ,iago1 ,s4        
,thomas' ,shrine1 to creep to those     
counterfeit and maggot-eaten relics2 had
 he been present at a mass1 and seen    
such kissing of paxes1 crucifixes1      
cringes1 duckings1 their several attires
 and ceremonies1 pictures of saints1    
#bgd;indulgences1 pardons1 vigils1      
fasting1 feasts1 crossing1 knocking1    
kneeling at ,ave-,marias1 bells1 with   
many such2 --jucunda rudi spectacula    
plebi1#bge praying in gibberish1 and    
mumbling of beads4 ,had he heard an old 
woman say her prayers in ,latin1 their  
sprinkling of holy water1 and going a   
procession1 #bgf------;incedunt         
monachorum agmina mille2 ,quid momerem  
vexilla1 cruces1 idolaque culta1 c4     
,their breviaries1 bulls1 hallowed      
beans1 exorcisms1 pictures1 curious     
crosses1 fables1 and baubles4 ,had he   
read the ,golden ,legend1 the ,turks'   

,alcoran1 or ,jews' ,talmud1 the        
,rabbins' ,comments1 what would he have 
thought8 ,how dost thou think he might  
have been affected8 ,had he more        
particularly examined a ,jesuit's life  
amongst the rest1 he should have seen an
 hypocrite profess poverty1 #bgg;and yet
 possess more goods and lands than many 
princes1 to have infinite treasures and 
revenues2 teach others to fast1 and play
 the gluttons themselves2 like watermen 
that row one way and look another4      
#bgh,vow virginity1 talk of holiness1   
and yet indeed a notorious bawd1 and    
famous fornicator1 lascivum pecus1 a    
very goat4 ,monks by profession1        
#bgisuch as give over the world1 and the
 vanities of it1 and yet a              
,machiavellian rout #bhj;interested in  
all manner of state3 holy men1          
peace-makers1 and yet composed of envy1 
lust1 ambition1 hatred1 and malice2     
firebrands1 adulta patriae pestis1      
traitors1 assassinats1 hac itur ad      
astra1 and this is to supererogate1 and 

merit heaven for themselves and others4 
,had he seen on the adverse side1 some  
of our nice and curious schismatics in  
another extreme1 abhor all ceremonies1  
and rather lose their lives and livings1
 than do or admit anything ,papists have
 formerly used1 though in things        
indifferent 7they alone are the true    
,church1 sal terrae1 cum sint omnium    
insulsissimi74 ,formalists1 out of fear 
and base flattery1 like so many         
weather-cocks turn round1 a rout of     
temporisers1 ready to embrace and       
maintain all that is or shall be        
proposed in hope of preferment3 another 
,epicurean company1 lying at lurch as so
 many vultures1 watching for a prey of  
,church goods1 and ready to rise by the 
downfall of any3 as #bha,lucian said in 
like case1 what dost thou think         
,democritus would have done1 had he been
 spectator of these things8 ,or had he  
but observed the common people follow   
like so many sheep one of their fellows 
drawn by the horns over a gap1 some for 

zeal1 some for fear1 quo se cunque rapit
 tempestas1 to credit all1 examine      
nothing1 and yet ready to die before    
they will adjure any of those ceremonies
 to which they have been accustomed2    
others out of hypocrisy frequent        
sermons1 knock their breasts1 turn up   
their eyes1 pretend zeal1 desire        
reformation1 and yet professed usurers1 
gripers1 monsters of men1 harpies1      
devils in their lives1 to express       
nothing less4 ,what would he have said  
to see1 hear1 and read so many bloody   
battles1 so many thousands slain at     
once1 such streams of blood able to turn
 mills3 unius ob noxam furiasque1 or to 
make sport for princes1 without any just
 cause1 #bhb;for vain titles 7saith     
,austin71 precedency1 some wench1 or    
such like toy1 or out of desire of      
domineering1 vainglory1 malice1 revenge1
 folly1 madness1 7goodly causes all1 ob 
quas universus orbis bellis et caedibus 
misceatur17 whilst statesmen themselves 
in the mean time are secure at home1    

pampered with all delights and          
pleasures1 take their ease1 and follow  
their lusts1 not considering what       
intolerable misery poor soldiers endure1
 their often wounds1 hunger1 thirst1 c41
 the lamentable cares1 torments1        
calamities1 and oppressions that        
accompany such proceedings1 they feel   
not1 take no notice of it4 ,so wars are 
begun1 by the persuasion of a few       
debauched1 hair-brain1 poor1 dissolute1 
hungry captains1 parasitical fawners1   
unquiet hotspurs1 restless innovators1  
green heads1 to satisfy one man's       
private spleen1 lust1 ambition1 avarice1
 c42 tales rapiunt scelerata in praelia 
causae4 ,flos hominum1 proper men1 well 
proportioned1 carefully brought up1 able
 both in body and mind1 sound1 led like 
so many #bhc;beasts to the slaughter in 
the flower of their years1 pride1 and   
full strength1 without all remorse and  
pity1 sacrificed to ,pluto1 killed up as
 so many sheep1 for devils' food1       
#dj1jjj at once4 ,at once1 said ,i1 that

 were tolerable1 but these wars last    
always1 and for many ages2 nothing so   
familiar as this hacking and hewing1    
massacres1 murders1 desolations--ignoto 
coelum clangore remugit1 they care not  
what mischief they procure1 so that they
 may enrich themselves for the present2 
they will so long blow the coals of     
contention1 till all the world be       
consumed with fire4 ,the #bhdsiege of   
,troy lasted ten years1 eight months1   
there died #hgj1jjj ,grecians1 #fgj1jjj 
,trojans1 at the taking of the city1 and
 after were slain #bgf1jjj men1 women1  
and children of all sorts4 ,caesar      
killed a million1 #bhe,mahomet the      
second ,turk1 #cjj1jjj persons2         
,sicinius ,dentatus fought in a hundred 
battles1 eight times in single combat he
 overcame1 had forty wounds before1 was 
rewarded with #adj crowns1 triumphed    
nine times for his good service4 ,m4    
,sergius had #cb wounds2 ,scaeva1 the   
,centurion1 ,i know not how many2 every 
nation had their ,hectors1 ,scipios1    

,caesars1 and ,alexanders6 ,our         
#bhf;,edward the ,fourth was in #bf     
battles afoot3 and as they do all1 he   
glories in it1 'tis related to his      
honour4 ,at the siege of ,hierusalem1   
#a1ajj1jjj died with sword and famine4  
,at the battle of ,cannas1 #gj1jjj men  
were slain1 as #bhg,polybius records1   
and as many at ,battle ,abbey with us2  
and 'tis no news to fight from sun to   
sun1 as they did1 as ,constantine and   
,licinius1 c4 ,at the siege of ,ostend  
7the devil's academy7 a poor town in    
respect1 a small fort1 but a great      
grave1 #abj1jjj men lost their lives1   
besides whole towns1 dorps1 and         
hospitals1 full of maimed soldiers2     
there were engines1 fireworks1 and      
whatsoever the devil could invent to do 
mischief with #b1ejj1jjj iron bullets   
shot of #dj pounds weight1 three or four
 millions of gold consumed4 #bhh,who    
7saith mine author7 can be sufficiently 
amazed at their flinty hearts1          
obstinacy1 fury1 blindness1 who without 

any likelihood of good success1 hazard  
poor soldiers1 and lead them without    
pity to the slaughter1 which may justly 
be called the rage of furious beasts1   
that run without reason upon their own  
deaths3 #bhiquis malus genius1 quae     
furia quae pestis1 c42 what plague1 what
 fury brought so devilish1 so brutish a 
thing as war first into men's minds8    
,who made so soft and peaceable a       
creature1 born to love1 mercy1 meekness1
 so to rave1 rage like beasts1 and run  
on to their own destruction8 how may    
,nature expostulate with mankind1 ,ego  
te divinum animal finxi1 c48 ,i made    
thee an harmless1 quiet1 a divine       
creature3 how may ,god expostulate1 and 
all good men8 yet1 horum facta 7as      
#bijone condoles7 tantum admirantur1 et 
heroum numero habent3 these are the     
brave spirits1 the gallants of the      
world1 these admired alone1 triumph     
alone1 have statues1 crowns1 pyramids1  
obelisks to their eternal fame1 that    
immortal genius attends on them1 hac    

itur ad astra4 ,when ,rhodes was        
besieged1 #bia;fossae urbis cadaveribus 
repletae sunt1 the ditches were full of 
dead carcases3 and as when the said     
,suleiman1 great ,turk1 beleaguered     
,vienna1 they lay level with the top of 
the walls4 ,this they make a sport of1  
and will do it to their friends and     
confederates1 against oaths1 vows1      
promises1 by treachery or otherwise2    
#bib--;dolus an virtus8 quis in hoste   
requirat8 leagues and laws of arms1     
7#bicsilent leges inter arma17 for their
 advantage1 omnia jura1 divina1 humana1 
proculcata plerumque sunt2 ,god's and   
men's laws are trampled under foot1 the 
sword alone determines all2 to satisfy  
their lust and spleen1 they care not    
what they attempt1 say1 or do1 #bid,rara
 fides1 probitasque viris qui castra    
sequuntur4 ,nothing so common as to have
 #bie father fight against the son1     
brother against brother1 kinsman against
 kinsman1 kingdom against kingdom1      
province against province1 ,christians  

against ,christians3 a quibus nec unquam
 cogitatione fuerunt laesi1 of whom they
 never had offence in thought1 word1 or 
deed4 ,infinite treasures consumed1     
towns burned1 flourishing cities sacked 
and ruinated1 quodque animus meminisse  
horret1 goodly countries depopulated and
 left desolate1 old inhabitants         
expelled1 trade and traffic decayed1    
maids deflowered1 ,virgines nondum      
thalamis jugatae1 et comis nondum       
positis ephaebi2 chaste matrons cry out 
with ,andromache1 #bif;,concubitum mox  
cogar pati ejus1 qui interemit          
,hectorem1 they shall be compelled      
peradventure to lie with them that erst 
killed their husbands3 to see rich1     
poor1 sick1 sound1 lords1 servants1     
eodem omnes incommodo macti1 consumed   
all or maimed1 c4 ,et quicquid gaudens  
scelere animus audet1 et perversa mens1 
saith ,cyprian1 and whatsoever torment1 
misery1 mischief1 hell itself1 the      
devil1 #big fury and rage can invent to 
their own ruin and destruction2 so      

abominable a thing is #bihwar1 as       
,gerbelius concludes1 adeo foeda et     
abominanda res est bellum1 ex quo       
hominum caedes1 vastationes1 c41 the    
scourge of ,god1 cause1 effect1 fruit   
and punishment of sin1 and not tonsura  
humani generis as ,tertullian calls it1 
but ruina4 ,had ,democritus been present
 at the late civil wars in ,france1     
those abominable wars--bellaque matribus
 detestata1 #biiwhere in less than ten  
years1 ten thousand men were consumed1  
saith ,collignius1 twenty thousand      
churches overthrown2 nay1 the whole     
kingdom subverted 7as #cjj,richard      
,dinoth adds74 ,so many myriads of the  
commons were butchered up1 with sword1  
famine1 war1 tanto odio utrinque ut     
barbari ad abhorrendam lanienam         
obstupescerent1 with such feral hatred1 
the world was amazed at it3 or at our   
late ,pharsalian fields in the time of  
,henry the ,sixth1 betwixt the houses of
 ,lancaster and ,york1 a hundred        
thousand men slain1 #cjaone writes2     

#cjb;another1 ten thousand families were
 rooted out1 that no man can but marvel1
 saith ,comineus1 at that barbarous     
immanity1 feral madness1 committed      
betwixt men of the same nation1         
language1 and religion4 #cjc,quis furor1
 ,o cives8 ,why do the ,gentiles so     
furiously rage1 saith the ,prophet      
,david1 ,psal4 ii4 #a4 ,but we may ask1 
why do the ,christians so furiously     
rage8 #cjd;,arma volunt1 quare poscunt1 
rapiuntque juventus8 ,unfit for         
,gentiles1 much less for us so to       
tyrannise1 as the ,spaniard in the ,west
 ,indies1 that killed up in #db years   
7if we may believe #cje;,bartholomeus a 
,casa1 their own bishop7 #ab millions of
 men1 with stupend and exquisite        
torments2 neither should ,i lie 7said   
he7 if ,i said #ej millions4 ,i omit    
those ,french massacres1 ,sicilian      
evensongs1 #cjfthe ,duke of ,alva's     
tyrannies1 our gunpowder machinations1  
and that fourth fury1 as #cjgone calls  
it1 the ,spanish inquisition1 which     

quite obscures those ten persecutions1  
#cjh------saevit toto ,mars impius orbe4
 ,is not this #cjimundus furiosus1 a mad
 world1 as he terms it1 insanum bellum8 
are not these mad men1 as #caj,scaliger 
concludes1 qui in praelio acerba morte1 
insaniae1 suae memoriam pro perpetuo    
teste relinquunt posteritati2 which     
leave so frequent battles1 as perpetual 
memorials of their madness to all       
succeeding ages8 ,would this1 think you1
 have enforced our ,democritus to       
laughter1 or rather made him turn his   
tune1 alter his tone1 and weep with     
#caa;,heraclitus1 or rather howl1       
#cabroar1 and tear his hair in          
commiseration1 stand amazed2 or as the  
poets feign1 that ,niobe was for grief  
quite stupefied1 and turned to a stone8 
,i have not yet said the worst1 that    
which is more absurd and #cacmad1 in    
their tumults1 seditions1 civil and     
unjust wars1 #cadquod stulte sucipitur1 
impie geritur1 misere finitur4 ,such    
wars ,i mean2 for all are not to be     

condemned1 as those fantastical         
,anabaptists vainly conceive4 ,our      
,christian tactics are all out as       
necessary as the ,roman acies1 or       
,grecian phalanx1 to be a soldier is a  
most noble and honourable profession 7as
 the world is71 not to be spared1 they  
are our best walls and bulwarks1 and ,i 
do therefore acknowledge that of        
#cae,tully to be most true1 ,all our    
civil affairs1 all our studies1 all our 
pleading1 industry1 and commendation    
lies under the protection of warlike    
virtues1 and whensoever there is any    
suspicion of tumult1 all our arts cease2
 wars are most behoveful1 et bellatores 
agricolis civitati sunt utiliores1 as   
#caf,tyrius defends3 and valour is much 
to be commended in a wise man2 but they 
mistake most part1 auferre1 trucidare1  
rapere1 falsis nominibus virtutem       
vocant1 c4 7',twas ,galgacus'           
observation in ,tacitus7 they term      
theft1 murder1 and rapine1 virtue1 by a 
wrong name1 rapes1 slaughters1          

massacres1 c4 jocus et ludus1 are pretty
 pastimes1 as ,ludovicus ,vives notes4  
#cag,they commonly call the most        
hair-brain bloodsuckers1 strongest      
thieves1 the most desperate villains1   
treacherous rogues1 inhuman murderers1  
rash1 cruel and dissolute caitiffs1     
courageous and generous spirits1        
heroical and worthy captains1 #cah;brave
 men at arms1 valiant and renowned      
soldiers1 possessed with a brute        
persuasion of false honour1 as ,pontus  
,huter in his ,burgundian history       
complains4 ,by means of which it comes  
to pass that daily so many voluntaries  
offer themselves1 leaving their sweet   
wives1 children1 friends1 for sixpence  
7if they can get it7 a day1 prostitute  
their lives and limbs1 desire to enter  
upon breaches1 lie sentinel1 perdu1 give
 the first onset1 stand in the fore     
front of the battle1 marching bravely   
on1 with a cheerful noise of drums and  
trumpets1 such vigour and alacrity1 so  
many banners streaming in the air1      

glittering armours1 motions of plumes1  
woods of pikes1 and swords1 variety of  
colours1 cost and magnificence1 as if   
they went in triumph1 now victors to the
 ,capitol1 and with such pomp1 as when  
,darius' army marched to meet ,alexander
 at ,issus4 ,void of all fear they run  
into imminent dangers1 cannon's mouth1  
c41 ut vulneribus suis ferrum hostium   
hebetent1 saith #cai;,barletius1 to get 
a name of valour1 humour and applause1  
which lasts not either1 for it is but a 
mere flash this fame1 and like a rose1  
intra diem unum extinguitur1 'tis gone  
in an instant4 ,of #ae1jjj proletaries  
slain in a battle1 scarce fifteen are   
recorded in history1 or one alone1 the  
,general perhaps1 and after a while his 
and their names are likewise blotted    
out1 the whole battle itself is         
forgotten4 ,those ,grecian orators1     
summa vi ingenii et eloquentiae1 set out
 the renowned overthrows at             
,thermopylae1 ,salamis1 ,marathon1      
,micale1 ,mantinea1 ,cheronaea1         

,plataea4 ,the ,romans record their     
battle at ,cannas1 and ,pharsalian      
fields1 but they do but record1 and we  
scarce hear of them4 ,and yet this      
supposed honour1 popular applause1      
desire of immortality by this means1    
pride and vainglory spur them on many   
times rashly and unadvisedly1 to make   
away themselves and multitudes of       
others4 ,alexander was sorry1 because   
there were no more worlds for him to    
conquer1 he is admired by some for it1  
animosa vox videtur1 et regia1 'twas    
spoken like a ,prince2 but as wise      
#cbj,seneca censures him1 'twas vox     
inquissima et stultissima1 'twas spoken 
like a ,bedlam fool2 and that sentence  
which the same #cba,seneca appropriates 
to his father ,philip and him1 ,i apply 
to them all1 ,non minores fuere pestes  
mortalium quam inundatio1 quam          
conflagratio1 quibus1 c4 they did as    
much mischief to mortal men as fire and 
water1 those merciless elements when    
they rage4 #cbb,which is yet more to be 

lamented1 they persuade them this       
hellish course of life is holy1 they    
promise heaven to such as venture their 
lives bello sacro1 and that by these    
bloody wars1 as ,persians1 ,greeks1 and 
,romans of old1 as modern ,turks do now 
their commons1 to encourage them to     
fight1 ut cadant infeliciter4 ,if they  
die in the field1 they go directly to   
heaven1 and shall be canonised for      
saints4 7,o diabolical invention67 put  
in the ,chronicles1 in perpetuam rei    
memoriam1 to their eternal memory3 when 
as in truth1 as #cbcsome hold1 it were  
much better 7since wars are the scourge 
of ,god for sin1 by which he punisheth  
mortal men's peevishness and folly7 such
 brutish stories were suppressed1       
because ad morum institutionem nihil    
habent1 they conduce not at all to      
manners1 or good life4 ,but they will   
have it thus nevertheless1 and so they  
put note of #cbd;divinity upon the most 
cruel and pernicious plague of human    
kind1 adore such men with grand titles1 

degrees1 statues1 images1 #cbe;honour1  
applaud1 and highly reward them for     
their good service1 no greater glory    
than to die in the field4 ,so ,africanus
 is extolled by ,ennius3 ,mars1 and     
#cbf;,hercules1 and ,i know not how many
 besides of old1 were deified2 went this
 way to heaven1 that were indeed bloody 
butchers1 wicked destroyers1 and        
troublers of the world1 prodigious      
monsters1 hell-hounds1 feral plagues1   
devourers1 common executioners of human 
kind1 as ,lactantius truly proves1 and  
,cyprian to ,donat1 such as were        
desperate in wars1 and precipitately    
made away themselves1 7like those ,celts
 in ,damascen1 with ridiculous valour1  
ut dedecorosum putarent muro ruenti se  
subducere1 a disgrace to run away for a 
rotten wall1 now ready to fall on their 
heads17 such as will not rush on a      
sword's point1 or seek to shun a        
cannon's shot1 are base cowards1 and no 
valiant men4 ,by which means1 ,madet    
orbis mutuo sanguine1 the earth wallows 

in her own blood1 #cbg,savit amor ferri 
et scelerati insania belli2 and for     
that1 which if it be done in private1 a 
man shall be rigorously executed1       
#cbh;and which is no less than murder   
itself2 if the same fact be done in     
public in wars1 it is called manhood1   
and the party is honoured for it4       
#cbi------,prosperum et felix scelus1   
,virtus vocatur4------  ,we measure all 
as ,turks do1 by the event1 and most    
part1 as ,cyprian notes1 in all ages1   
countries1 places1 saevitiae magnitudo  
impunitatem sceleris acquirit2 the      
foulness of the fact vindicates the     
offender4 #ccj,one is crowned for that  
which another is tormented3 ,ille crucem
 sceleris precium tulit1 hic diadema2   
made a knight1 a lord1 an earl1 a great 
duke1 7as #cca;,agrippa notes7 for that 
which another should have hung in       
gibbets1 as a terror to the rest1       
#ccb------;et tamen alter1 ,si fecisset 
idem1 caderet sub judice morum4  ,a poor
 sheep-stealer is hanged for stealing of

 victuals1 compelled peradventure by    
necessity of that intolerable cold1     
hunger1 and thirst1 to save himself from
 starving3 but a #ccc;great man in      
office may securely rob whole provinces1
 undo thousands1 pill and poll1 oppress 
ad libitum1 flea1 grind1 tyrannise1     
enrich himself by spoils of the commons1
 be uncontrollable in his actions1 and  
after all1 be recompensed with turgent  
titles1 honoured for his good service1  
and no man dare find fault1 or #ccd     
mutter at it4 ,how would our ,democritus
 have been affected to see a wicked     
caitiff or #cce;fool1 a very idiot1 a   
funge1 a golden ass1 a monster of men1  
to have many good men1 wise1 men1       
learned men to attend upon him with all 
submission1 as an appendix to his       
riches1 for that respect alone1 because 
he hath more wealth and money1 #ccfto   
honour him with divine titles1 and      
bombast epithets1 to smother him with   
fumes and eulogies1 whom they know to be
 a dizzard1 a fool1 a covetous wretch1 a

 beast1 c4 because he is rich8 ,to see  
sub exuviis leonis onagrum1 a filthy    
loathsome carcass1 a ,gorgon's head     
puffed up by parasites1 assume this unto
 himself1 glorious titles1 in worth an  
infant1 a ,cuman ass1 a painted         
sepulchre1 an ,egyptian temple8 ,to see 
a withered face1 a diseased1 deformed1  
cankered complexion1 a rotten carcass1 a
 viperous mind1 and ,epicurean soul set 
out with orient pearls1 jewels1 diadems1
 perfumes1 curious elaborate works1 as  
proud of his clothes as a child of his  
new coats2 and a goodly person1 of an   
angel-like divine countenance1 a saint1 
an humble mind1 a meet spirit clothed in
 rags1 beg1 and now ready to be starved8
 ,to see a silly contemptible sloven in 
apparel1 ragged in his coat1 polite in  
speech1 of a divine spirit1 wise8       
another neat in clothes1 spruce1 full of
 courtesy1 empty of grace1 wit1 talk    
nonsense8 ,to see so many lawyers1      
advocates1 so many tribunals1 so little 
justice2 so many magistrates1 so little 

care of common good2 so many laws1 yet  
never more disorders2 ,tribunal litium  
segetem1 the ,tribunal a labyrinth1 so  
many thousand suits in one court        
sometimes1 so violently followed8 ,to   
see injustissimum saepe juri            
praesidentem1 impium religioni1         
imperitissimum eruditioni1 otiosissimum 
labori1 monstrosum humanitati8 to see a 
lamb #ccg;executed1 a wolf pronounce    
sentence1 latro arraigned1 and fur sit  
on the bench1 the judge severely punish 
others1 and do worse himself1 #cch      
cundem furtum facere et punire1         
#ccirapinam plectere1 quum sit ipse     
raptor8 ,laws altered1 misconstrued1    
interpreted pro and con1 as the         
#cdj;judge is made by friends1 bribed1  
or otherwise affected as a nose of wax1 
good today1 none tomorrow2 or firm in   
his opinion1 cast in his8 ,sentence     
prolonged1 changed1 ad arbitrium        
judicis1 still the same case1 #cdaone   
thrust out of his inheritance1 another  
falsely put in by favour1 false forged  

deeds or wills4 ,incisae leges          
negliguntur1 laws are made and not kept2
 or if put in execution1 #cdbthey be    
some silly ones that are punished4 ,as1 
put case it be fornication1 the father  
will disinherit or abdicate his child1  
quite cashier him 7out1 villain1 be     
gone1 come no more in my sight72 a poor 
man is miserably tormented with loss of 
his estate perhaps1 goods1 fortunes1    
good name1 for ever disgraced1 forsaken1
 and must do penance to the utmost2 a   
mortal sin1 and yet make the worst of   
it1 nunquid aliud fecit1 saith ,tranio  
in the #cdcpoet1 nisi quod faciunt      
summis nati generibus8 he hath done no  
more than what gentlemen usually do4    
#cdd,neque novum1 neque mirum1 neque    
secus quam alii solent4 ,for in a great 
person1 right worshipful ,sir1 a right  
honourable grandee1 'tis not a venial   
sin1 no1 not a peccadillo1 'tis no      
offence at all1 a common and ordinary   
thing1 no man takes notice of it2 he    
justifies it in public1 and peradventure

 brags of it1 #cde,nam quod turpe bonis1
 ,titio1 ,seioque1 decebat              
,crispinum------  ,for what would be    
base in good men1 ,titius1 and ,seius1  
became ,crispinus4 #cdf,many poor men1  
younger brothers1 c4 by reason of bad   
policy and idle education 7for they are 
likely brought up in no calling71 are   
compelled to beg or steal1 and then     
hanged for theft2 than which1 what can  
be more ignominious1 non minus enim     
turpe principi multa supplicia1 quam    
medico multa funera1 'tis the governor's
 fault4 ,libentius verberant quam       
docent1 as schoolmasters do rather      
correct their pupils1 than teach them   
when they do amiss4 #cdg,they had more  
need provide there should be no more    
thieves and beggars1 as they ought with 
good policy1 and take away the          
occasions1 than let them run on1 as they
 do to their own destruction3 root out  
likewise those causes of wrangling1 a   
multitude of lawyers1 and compose       
controversies1 lites lustrales et       

seculares1 by some more compendious     
means4 ,whereas now for every toy and   
trifle they go to law1 #cdh,mugit       
litibus insanum forum1 et saevit invicem
 discordantium rabies1 they are ready to
 pull out one another's throats2 and for
 commodity #cdito squeeze blood1 saith  
,hierom1 out of their brother's heart1  
defame1 lie1 disgrace1 backbite1 rail1  
bear false witness1 swear1 forswear1    
fight and wrangle1 spend their goods1   
lives1 fortunes1 friends1 undo one      
another1 to enrich an harpy advocate1   
that preys upon them both1 and cries    
,eia ,socrates1 ,eia ,xantippe2 or some 
corrupt judge1 that like the #cejkite in
 ,aesop1 while the mouse and frog       
fought1 carried both away4 ,generally   
they prey one upon another as so many   
ravenous birds1 brute beasts1 devouring 
fishes1 no medium1 #ceaomnes hic aut    
captantur aut captant2 aut cadavera quae
 lacerantur1 aut corvi qui lacerant1    
either deceive or be deceived2 tear     
others or be torn in pieces themselves2 

like so many buckets in a well1 as one  
riseth another falleth1 one's empty1    
another's full2 his ruin is a ladder to 
the third2 such are our ordinary        
proceedings4 ,what's the market8 ,a     
place1 according to #ceb;,anacharsis1   
wherein they cozen one another1 a trap2 
nay1 what's the world itself8 #cec;,a   
vast chaos1 a confusion of manners1 as  
fickle as the air1 domicilium insanorum1
 a turbulent troop full of impurities1 a
 mart of walking spirits1 goblins1 the  
theatre of hypocrisy1 a shop of knavery1
 flattery1 a nursery of villainy1 the   
scene of babbling1 the school of        
giddiness1 the academy of vice2 a       
warfare1 ubi velis nolis pugnandum1 aut 
vincas aut succumbas1 in which kill or  
be killed2 wherein every man is for     
himself1 his private ends1 and stands   
upon his own guard4 ,no charity1        
#cedlove1 friendship1 fear of ,god1     
alliance1 affinity1 consanguinity1      
,christianity1 can contain them1 but if 
they be any ways offended1 or that      

string of commodity be touched1 they    
fall foul4 ,old friends become bitter   
enemies on a sudden for toys and small  
offences1 and they that erst were       
willing to do all mutual offices of love
 and kindness1 now revile and persecute 
one another to death1 with more than    
,vatinian hatred1 and will not be       
reconciled4 ,so long as they are        
behoveful1 they love1 or may bestead    
each other1 but when there is no more   
good to be expected1 as they do by an   
old dog1 hang him up or cashier him3    
which #cee ,cato counts a great         
indecorum1 to use men like old shoes or 
broken glasses1 which are flung to the  
dunghill2 he could not find in his heart
 to sell an old ox1 much less to turn   
away an old servant3 but they instead of
 recompense1 revile him1 and when they  
have made him an instrument of their    
villainy1 as #cef;,bajazet the second   
,emperor of the ,turks did by ,acomethes
 ,bassa1 make him away1 or instead of   
#cegreward1 hate him to death1 as       

,silius was served by ,tiberius4 ,in a  
word1 every man for his own ends4 ,our  
summum bonum is commodity1 and the      
goddess we adore ,dea moneta1 ,queen    
money1 to whom we daily offer sacrifice1
 which steers our hearts1 hands1        
#ceh;affections1 all3 that most powerful
 goddess1 by whom we are reared1        
depressed1 elevated1 #cei;esteemed the  
sole commandress of our actions1 for    
which we pray1 run1 ride1 go1 come1     
labour1 and contend as fishes do for a  
crumb that falleth into the water4 ,it's
 not worth1 virtue1 7that's bonum       
theatrale17 wisdom1 valour1 learning1   
honesty1 religion1 or any sufficiency   
for which we are respected1 but         
#cfjmoney1 greatness1 office1 honour1   
authority2 honesty is accounted folly2  
knavery1 policy2 #cfamen admired out of 
opinion1 not as they are1 but as they   
seem to be3 such shifting1 lying1       
cogging1 plotting1 counterplotting1     
temporizing1 nattering1 cozening1       
dissembling1 #cfbthat of necessity one  

must highly offend ,god if he be        
conformable to the world1 ,cretizare cum
 ,crete1 or else live in contempt1      
disgrace and misery4 ,one takes upon him
 temperance1 holiness1 another          
austerity1 a third an affected kind of  
simplicity1 when as indeed1 he1 and he1 
and he1 and the rest are                
#cfc;hypocrites1 ambidexters1 outsides1 
so many turning pictures1 a lion on the 
one side1 a lamb on the other4 #cfd;,how
 would ,democritus have been affected to
 see these things6 ,to see a man turn   
himself into all shapes like a          
chameleon1 or as ,proteus1 omnia        
transformans sese in miracula rerum1 to 
act twenty parts and persons at once1   
for his advantage1 to temporise and vary
 like ,mercury the planet1 good with    
good2 bad with bad2 having a several    
face1 garb1 and character for every one 
he meets2 of all religions1 humours1    
inclinations2 to fawn like a spaniel1   
mentitis et mimicis obsequis2 rage like 
a lion1 bark like a cur1 fight like a   

dragon1 sting like a serpent1 as meek as
 a lamb1 and yet again grin like a      
tiger1 weep like a crocodile1 insult    
over some1 and yet others domineer over 
him1 here command1 there crouch1        
tyrannise in one place1 be baffled in   
another1 a wise man at home1 a fool     
abroad to make others merry4 ,to see so 
much difference betwixt words and deeds1
 so many parasangs betwixt tongue and   
heart1 men like stage-players act       
variety of parts1 #cfe;give good        
precepts to others1 soar aloft1 whilst  
they themselves grovel on the ground4   
,to see a man protest friendship1 kiss  
his hand1 #cffquem mallet truncatum     
videre1 #cfgsmile with an intent to do  
mischief1 or cozen him whom he salutes1 
#cfhmagnify his friend unworthy with    
hyperbolical eulogiums2 his enemy albeit
 a good man1 to vilify and disgrace him1
 yea all his actions1 with the utmost   
that livor and malice can invent4 ,to   
see a #cfiservant able to buy out his   
master1 him that carries the mace more  

worth than the magistrate1 which ,plato1
 lib4 #aa1 de leg41 absolutely forbids1 
,epictetus abhors4 ,a horse that tills  
the #cgjland fed with chaff1 an idle    
jade have provender in abundance2 him   
that makes shoes go barefoot himself1   
him that sells meat almost pined2 a     
toiling drudge starve1 a drone flourish4
 ,to see men buy smoke for wares1       
castles built with fools' heads1 men    
like apes follow the fashions in tires1 
gestures1 actions3 if the king laugh1   
all laugh2 #cga,rides8 majore chachiano 
,concutitur1 flet si lachrymas conspexit
 amici4  #cgb;,alexander stooped1 so did
 his courtiers2 ,alphonsus turned his   
head1 and so did his parasites4         
#cgc,sabina ,poppea1 ,nero's wife1 wore 
amber-coloured hair1 so did all the     
,roman ladies in an instant1 her fashion
 was theirs4 ,to see men wholly led by  
affection1 admired and censured out of  
opinion without judgment3 an            
inconsiderate multitude1 like so many   
dogs in a village1 if one bark all bark 

without a cause3 as fortune's fan turns1
 if a man be in favour1 or commanded by 
some great one1 all the world applauds  
him2 #cgd;if in disgrace1 in an instant 
all hate him1 and as at the sun when he 
is eclipsed1 that erst took no notice1  
now gaze and stare upon him4 ,to see a  
man #cgewear his brains in his belly1   
his guts in his head1 an hundred oaks on
 his back1 to devour a hundred oxen at a
 meal1 nay more1 to devour houses and   
towns1 or as those ,anthropophagi1      
#cgfto eat one another4 ,to see a man   
roll himself up like a snowball1 from   
base beggary to right worshipful and    
right honourable titles1 unjustly to    
screw himself into honours and offices2 
another to starve his genius1 damn his  
soul to gather wealth1 which he shall   
not enjoy1 which his prodigal son melts 
and consumes in an instant4 #cgg ,to see
 the  of our times1 a man bend all his  
forces1 means1 time1 fortunes1 to be a  
favorite's favorite's favorite1 c41 a   
parasite's parasite's parasite1 that may

 scorn the servile world as having      
enough already4 ,to see an hirsute      
beggar's brat1 that lately fed on       
scraps1 crept and whined1 crying to all1
 and for an old jerkin ran of errands1  
now ruffle in silk and satin1 bravely   
mounted1 jovial and polite1 now scorn   
his old friends and familiars1 neglect  
his kindred1 insult over his betters1   
domineer over all4 ,to see a scholar    
crouch and creep to an illiterate       
peasant for a meal's meat2 a scrivener  
better paid for an obligation2 a        
falconer receive greater wages than a   
student2 a lawyer get more in a day than
 a philosopher in a year1 better reward 
for an hour1 than a scholar for a       
twelvemonth's study2 him that can       
#cghpaint ,thais1 play on a fiddle1 curl
 hair1 c41 sooner get preferment than a 
philologer or a poet4 ,to see a fond    
mother1 like ,aesop's ape1 hug her child
 to death1 a #cgi wittol wink at his    
wife's honesty1 and too perspicuous in  
all other affairs2 one stumble at a     

straw1 and leap over a block2 rob       
,peter1 and pay ,paul2 scrape unjust    
sums with one hand1 purchase great      
manors by corruption1 fraud and         
cozenage1 and liberally to distribute to
 the poor with the other1 give a remnant
 to pious uses1 c4 ,penny wise1 pound   
foolish2 blind men judge of colours2    
wise men silent1 fools talk2 #chj find  
fault with others1 and do worse         
themselves2 #cha;denounce that in public
 which he doth in secret2 and which     
,aurelius ,victor gives out of          
,augustus1 severely censure that in a   
third1 of which he is most guilty       
himself4 ,to see a poor fellow1 or an   
hired servant venture his life for his  
new master that will scarce give him his
 wages at year's end2 ,a country colon  
toil and moil1 till and drudge for a    
prodigal idle drone1 that devours all   
the gain1 or lasciviously consumes with 
fantastical expenses2 ,a noble man in a 
bravado to encounter death1 and for a   
small flash of honour to cast away      

himself2 ,a worldling tremble at an     
executor1 and yet not fear hell-fire2   
,to wish and hope for immortality1      
desire to be happy1 and yet by all means
 avoid death1 a necessary passage to    
bring him to it4 ,to see a foolhardy    
fellow like those old ,danes1 qui       
decollari malunt quam verberari1 die    
rather than be punished1 in a sottish   
humour embrace death with alacrity1 yet 
#chbscorn to lament his own sins and    
miseries1 or his clearest friends'      
departures4 ,to see wise men degraded1  
fools preferred1 one govern towns and   
cities1 and yet a silly woman overrules 
him at home2 #chc;,command a province1  
and yet his own servants or children    
prescribe laws to him1 as ,themistocles'
 son did in ,greece2 #chd,what ,i will  
7said he7 my mother will1 and what my   
mother will1 my father doth4 ,to see    
horses ride in a coach1 men draw it2    
dogs devour their masters2 towers build 
masons2 children rule2 old men go to    
school2 women wear the breeches2        

#chesheep demolish towns1 devour men1 c4
 ,and in a word1 the world turned upside
 downward4 ,o viveret ,democritus4      
#chf,to insist in every particular were 
one of ,hercules' labours1 there's so   
many ridiculous instances1 as motes in  
the sun4 ,quantum est in rebus inane8   
7,how much vanity there is in things67  
,and who can speak of all8 ,crimine ab  
uno disce omnes1 take this for a taste4 
,but these are obvious to sense1 trivial
 and well known1 easy to be discerned4  
,how would ,democritus have been moved1 
had he seen #chgthe secrets of their    
hearts8 ,if every man had a window in   
his breast1 which ,momus would have had 
in ,vulcan's man1 or that which ,tully  
so much wished it were written in every 
man's forehead1 ,quid quisque de        
republica sentiret1 what he thought2 or 
that it could be effected in an instant1
 which ,mercury did by ,charon in       
,lucian1 by touching of his eyes1 to    
make him discern semel et simul rumores 
et susurros4 ,spes hominum caecas1      

morbos1 votumque labores1 ,et passim    
toto volitantes aethere curas4  ,blind  
hopes and wishes1 their thoughts and    
affairs1 ,whispers and rumours1 and     
those flying cares4  ,that he could     
cubiculorum obductas foras recludere et 
secreta cordium penetrare1 which        
#chh;,cyprian desired1 open doors and   
locks1 shoot bolts1 as ,lucian's ,gallus
 did with a feather of his tail3 or     
,gyges' invisible ring1 or some rare    
perspective glass1 or ,otacousticon1    
which would so multiply species1 that a 
man might hear and see all at once 7as  
#chi ,martianus ,capella's ,jupiter did 
in a spear which he held in his hand1   
which did present unto him all that was 
daily done upon the face of the earth71 
observe cuckolds' horns1 forgeries of   
alchemists1 the philosopher's stone1 new
 projectors1 c41 and all those works of 
darkness1 foolish vows1 hopes1 fears and
 wishes1 what a deal of laughter would  
it have afforded8 ,he should have seen  
windmills in one man's head1 an hornet's

 nest in another4 ,or had he been       
present with ,icaromenippus in ,lucian  
at ,jupiter's whispering place1 #cij;and
 heard one pray for rain1 another for   
fair weather2 one for his wife's1       
another for his father's death1 c42 to  
ask that at ,god's hand which they are  
abashed any man should hear3 ,how would 
he have been confounded8 ,would he1     
think you1 or any man else1 say that    
these men were well in their wits8 ,haec
 sani esse hominis quis sanus juret     
,orestes8 ,can all the hellebore in the 
,anticyrae cure these men8 ,no1 sure1   
#cia;an acre of hellebore will not do   
it4 ,that which is more to be lamented1 
they are mad like ,seneca's blind woman1
 and will not acknowledge1 or #cibseek  
for any cure of it1 for pauci vident    
morbum suum1 omnes amant4 ,if our leg or
 arm offend us1 we covet by all means   
possible to redress it2 #cic;and if we  
labour of a bodily disease1 we send for 
a physician2 but for the diseases of the
 mind we take no notice of them3        

#cid,lust harrows us on the one side2   
envy1 anger1 ambition on the other4 ,we 
are torn in pieces by our passions1 as  
so many wild horses1 one in disposition1
 another in habit2 one is melancholy1   
another mad2 #cie;and which of us all   
seeks for help1 doth acknowledge his    
error1 or knows he is sick8 ,as that    
stupid fellow put out the candle because
 the biting fleas should not find him2  
he shrouds himself in an unknown habit1 
borrowed titles1 because nobody should  
discern him4 ,every man thinks with     
himself1 ,egomet videor mihi sanus1 ,i  
am well1 ,i am wise1 and laughs at      
others4 ,and 'tis a general fault       
amongst them all1 that #cif which our   
forefathers have approved1 diet1        
apparel1 opinions1 humours1 customs1    
manners1 we deride and reject in our    
time as absurd4 ,old men account juniors
 all fools1 when they are mere dizzards2
 and as to sailors1 ------terraeque     
urbesque recedunt------ they move1 the  
land stands still1 the world hath much  

more wit1 they dote themselves4 ,turks  
deride us1 we them2 ,italians           
,frenchmen1 accounting them light headed
 fellows1 the ,french scoff again at    
,italians1 and at their several customs2
 ,greeks have condemned all the world   
but themselves of barbarism1 the world  
as much vilifies them now2 we account   
,germans heavy1 dull fellows1 explode   
many of their fashions2 they as         
contemptibly think of us2 ,spaniards    
laugh at all1 and all again at them4 ,so
 are we fools and ridiculous1 absurd in 
our actions1 carriages1 diet1 apparel1  
customs1 and consultations2 we #cig     
scoff and point one at another1 when as 
in conclusion all are fools1 #cih and   
they the veriest asses that hide their  
ears most4 ,a private man if he be      
resolved with himself1 or set on an     
opinion1 accounts all idiots and asses  
that are not affected as he is1         
#cii------nil rectum1 nisi quod placuit 
sibi1 ducit1 that are not so minded1    
#djj7quodque volunt homines se bene     

velle putant17 all fools that think not 
as he doth3 he will not say with        
,atticus1 ,suam quisque sponsam1 mihi   
meam1 let every man enjoy his own       
spouse2 but his alone is fair1 suus     
amor1 c4 and scorns all in respect of   
himself #djawill imitate none1 hear none
 #djb;but himself1 as ,pliny said1 a law
 and example to himself4 ,and that which
 ,hippocrates1 in his epistle to        
,dionysius1 reprehended of old1 is      
verified in our times1 ,quisque in alio 
superfluum esse censet1 ipse quod non   
habet nec curat1 that which he hath not 
himself or doth not esteem1 he accounts 
superfluity1 an idle quality1 a mere    
foppery in another3 like ,aesop's fox1  
when he had lost his tail1 would have   
all his fellow foxes cut off theirs4    
,the ,chinese say1 that we ,europeans   
have one eye1 they themselves two1 all  
the world else is blind3 7though        
#djc,scaliger accounts them brutes too1 
merum pecus17 so thou and thy sectaries 
are only wise1 others indifferent1 the  

rest beside themselves1 mere idiots and 
asses4 ,thus not acknowledging our own  
errors and imperfections1 we securely   
deride others1 as if we alone were free1
 and spectators of the rest1 accounting 
it an excellent thing1 as indeed it is1 
,aliena optimum frui insania1 to make   
ourselves merry with other men's        
obliquities1 when as he himself is more 
faulty than the rest1 mutato nomine1 de 
te fabula narratur1 he may take himself 
by the nose for a fool2 and which one   
calls maximum stultitiae specimen1 to be
 ridiculous to others1 and not to       
perceive or take notice of it1 as       
,marsyas was when he contended with     
,apollo1 non intelligens se deridiculo  
haberi1 saith #djd ,apuleius2 'tis his  
own cause1 he is a convicted madman1 as 
#dje;,austin well infers in the eyes of 
wise men and angels he seems like one1  
that to our thinking walks with his     
heels upwards4 ,so thou laughest at me1 
and ,i at thee1 both at a third2 and he 
returns that of the poet upon us again1 

#djf;,hei mihi1 insanire me aiunt1 quum 
ipsi ultro insaniant4 ,we accuse others 
of madness1 of folly1 and are the       
veriest dizzards ourselves4 ,for it is a
 great sign and property of a fool      
7which ,eccl4 x4 #c1 points at7 out of  
pride and self-conceit to insult1       
vilify1 condemn1 censure1 and call other
 men fools 7,non videmus manticae quod a
 tergo est7 to tax that in others of    
which we are most faulty2 teach that    
which we follow not ourselves3 ,for an  
inconstant man to write of constancy1 a 
profane liver prescribe rules of        
sanctity and piety1 a dizzard himself   
make a treatise of wisdom1 or with      
,sallust to rail downright at spoilers  
of countries1 and yet in #djgoffice to  
be a most grievous poller himself4 ,this
 argues weakness1 and is an evident sign
 of such parties' indiscretion4         
#djh,peccat uter nostrum cruce dignius8 
,who is the fool now8 ,or else          
peradventure in some places we are all  
mad for company1 and so 'tis not seen1  

,satietas erroris et dementiae1 pariter 
absurditatem et admirationem tollit4    
',tis with us1 as it was of old 7in     
#dji,tully's censure at least7 with ,c4 
,pimbria in ,rome1 a bold1 hair-brain1  
mad fellow1 and so esteemed of all1 such
 only excepted1 that were as mad as     
himself3 now in such a case there is    
#dajno notice taken of it4 ,nimirum     
insanus paucis videatur2 eo quod ,maxima
 pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem4     
,when all are mad1 where all are like   
opprest ,who can discern one mad man    
from the rest8  ,but put case they do   
perceive it1 and some one be manifestly 
convicted of madness1 #daa;he now takes 
notice of his folly1 be it in action1   
gesture1 speech1 a vain humour he hath  
in building1 bragging1 jangling1        
spending1 gaming1 courting1 scribbling1 
prating1 for which he is ridiculous to  
others1 #dabon which he dotes1 he doth  
acknowledge as much3 yet with all the   
rhetoric thou hast1 thou canst not so   
recall him1 but to the contrary         

notwithstanding1 he will persevere in   
his dotage4 ',tis amabilis insania1 et  
mentis gratissimus error1 so pleasing1  
so delicious1 that he #dac cannot leave 
it4 ,he knows his error1 but will not   
seek to decline it1 tell him what the   
event will be1 beggary1 sorrow1         
sickness1 disgrace1 shame1 loss1        
madness1 yet #dad;an angry man will     
prefer vengeance1 a lascivious his      
whore1 a thief his booty1 a glutton his 
belly1 before his welfare4 ,tell an     
epicure1 a covetous man1 an ambitious   
man of his irregular course1 wean him   
from it a little1 pol me occidistis     
amici1 he cries anon1 you have undone   
him1 and as #dae;a dog to his vomit1 he 
returns to it again2 no persuasion will 
take place1 no counsel1 say what thou   
canst1 ,clames licet et mare coelo      
------,confundas1 surdo narras1#daf     
demonstrate as ,ulysses did to          
#dag;,elpenor and ,gryllus1 and the rest
 of his companions those swinish men1 he
 is irrefragable in his humour1 he will 

be a hog still2 bray him in a mortar1 he
 will be the same4 ,if he be in an      
heresy1 or some perverse opinion1       
settled as some of our ignorant ,papists
 are1 convince his understanding1 show  
him the several follies and absurd      
fopperies of that sect1 force him to    
say1 veris vincor1 make it as clear as  
the sun1 #dah;he will err still1 peevish
 and obstinate as he is2 and as he said 
#daisi in hoc erro1 libenter erro1 nec  
hunc errorem auferri mihi volo2 ,i will 
do as ,i have done1 as my predecessors  
have done1 #dbj;and as my friends now   
do3 ,i will dote for company4 ,say now1 
are these men #dbamad or no1 #dbb;,heus 
age responde8 are they ridiculous8 cedo 
quemvis arbitrum1 are they sanae mentis1
 sober1 wise1 and discreet8 have they   
common sense8 ------#dbcuter est        
insanior horum8 ,i am of ,democritus'   
opinion for my part1 ,i hold them worthy
 to be laughed at2 a company of         
brain-sick dizzards1 as mad as          
#dbd,orestes and ,athamas1 that they may

 go ride the ass1 and all sail along to 
the ,anticyrae1 in the ship of fools for
 company together4 ,i need not much     
labour to prove this which ,i say       
otherwise than thus1 make any solemn    
protestation1 or swear1 ,i think you    
will believe me without an oath2 say at 
a word1 are they fools8 ,i refer it to  
you1 though you be likewise fools and   
madmen yourselves1 and ,i as mad to ask 
the question2 for what said our comical 
,mercury8 #dbe;,justum ab injustis      
petere insipientia est4  ,i'll stand to 
your censure yet1 what think you8  ,but 
forasmuch as ,i undertook at first1 that
 kingdoms1 provinces1 families1 were    
melancholy as well as private men1 ,i   
will examine them in particular1 and    
that which ,i have hitherto dilated at  
random1 in more general terms1 ,i will  
particularly insist in1 prove with more 
special and evident arguments1          
testimonies1 illustrations1 and that in 
brief4 #dbf,nunc accipe quare desipiant 
omnes aeque ac tu4 ,my first argument is

 borrowed from ,solomon1 an arrow drawn 
out of his sententious quiver1 ,pro4    
iii4 #g1 ,be not wise in thine own eyes4
 ,and xxvi4 #ab1 ,seest thou a man wise 
in his own conceit8 more hope is of a   
fool than of him4 ,isaiah pronounceth a 
woe against such men1 cap4 v4 #ba1 that 
are wise in their own eyes1 and prudent 
in their own sight4 ,for hence we may   
gather1 that it is a great offence1 and 
men are much deceived that think too    
well of themselves1 an especial argument
 to convince them of folly4 ,many men   
7saith #dbg,seneca7 had been without    
question wise1 had they not had an      
opinion that they had attained to       
perfection of knowledge already1 even   
before they had gone half way1 too      
forward1 too ripe1 praeproperi1 too     
quick and ready1 #dbh;cito prudentes1   
cito pii1 cito mariti1 cito patres1 cito
 sacerdotes1 cito omnis officii capaces 
et curiosi1 they had too good a conceit 
of themselves1 and that marred all2 of  
their worth1 valour1 skill1 art1        

learning1 judgment1 eloquence1 their    
good parts2 all their geese are swans1  
and that manifestly proves them to be no
 better than fools4 ,in former times    
they had but seven wise men1 now you can
 scarce find so many fools4 ,thales sent
 the golden tripos1 which the fishermen 
found1 and the oracle commanded to be   
#dbi given to the wisest1 to ,bias1     
,bias to ,solon1 c4 ,if such a thing    
were now found1 we should all fight for 
it1 as the three goddesses did for the  
golden apple1 we are so wise3 we have   
women politicians1 children             
metaphysicians2 every silly fellow can  
square a circle1 make perpetual motions1
 find the philosopher's stone1 interpret
 ,apocalypses1 make new ,theories1 a new
 system of the world1 new ,logic1 new   
,philosophy1 c4 ,nostra utique regio1   
saith #dcj,petronius1 our country is so 
full of deified spirits1 divine souls1  
that you may sooner find a ,god than a  
man amongst us1 we think so well of     
ourselves1 and that is an ample         

testimony of much folly4 ,my second     
argument is grounded upon the like place
 of ,scripture1 which though before     
mentioned in effect1 yet for some       
reasons is to be repeated 7and by       
,plato's good leave1 ,i may do it1 #dca 
7 ,fools 7saith ,david7 by reason of    
their transgressions4 c4 ,psal4 cvii4   
#ag4 ,hence ,musculus infers all        
transgressors must needs be fools4 ,so  
we read ,rom4 ii41 ,tribulation and     
anguish on the soul of every man that   
doeth evil2 but all do evil4 ,and       
,isaiah1 lxv4 #ad1 ,my servant shall    
sing for joy1 and #dcbye shall cry for  
sorrow of heart1 and vexation of mind4  
',tis ratified by the common consent of 
all philosophers4 ,dishonesty 7saith    
,cardan7 is nothing else but folly and  
madness4 #dcc ,probus quis nobiscum     
vivit8 ,show me an honest man1 ,nemo    
malus qui non stultus1 'tis ,fabius'    
aphorism to the same end4 ,if none      
honest1 none wise1 then all fools4 ,and 
well may they be so accounted3 for who  

will account him otherwise1 ,qui iter   
adornat in occidentem1 quum properaret  
in orientem8 that goes backward all his 
life1 westward1 when he is bound to the 
east8 or hold him a wise man 7saith     
#dcd,musculus7 that prefers momentary   
pleasures to eternity1 that spends his  
master's goods in his absence1 forthwith
 to be condemned for it8 ,nequicquam    
sapit qui sibi non sapit1 who will say  
that a sick man is wise1 that eats and  
drinks to overthrow the temperature of  
his body8 ,can you account him wise or  
discreet that would willingly have his  
health1 and yet will do nothing that    
should procure or continue it8          
#dce,theodoret1 out of ,plotinus the    
,platonist1 holds it a ridiculous thing 
for a man to live after his own laws1 to
 do that which is offensive to ,god1 and
 yet to hope that he should save him3   
and when he voluntarily neglects his own
 safety1 and contemns the means1 to     
think to be delivered by another3 who   
will say these men are wise8 ,a third   

argument may be derived from the        
precedent1 #dcf;all men are carried away
 with passion1 discontent1 lust1        
pleasures1 c41 they generally hate those
 virtues they should love1 and love such
 vices they should hate4 ,therefore more
 than melancholy1 quite mad1 brute      
beasts1 and void of reason1 so          
,chrysostom contends2 or rather dead and
 buried alive1 as #dcg ,philo ,judeus   
concludes it for a certainty1 of all    
such that are carried away with         
passions1 or labour of any disease of   
the mind4 ,where is fear and sorrow1    
there #dch,lactantius stiffly maintains1
 wisdom cannot dwell1 ------qui cupiet1 
metuet quoque porro1 ,qui metuens vivit1
 liber mihi non erit unquam4#dci        
,seneca and the rest of the stoics are  
of opinion1 that where is any the least 
perturbation1 wisdom may not be found4  
,what more ridiculous1 as               
#ddj,lactantius urges1 than to hear how 
,xerxes whipped the ,hellespont1        
threatened the ,mountain ,athos1 and the

 like4 ,to speak ad rem1 who is free    
from passion8 #dda,mortalis nemo est    
quem non attingat dolor1 morbusve1 as   
#ddb,tully determines out of an old     
poem1 no mortal men can avoid sorrow and
 sickness1 and sorrow is an inseparable 
companion from melancholy4              
#ddc;,chrysostom pleads farther yet1    
that they are more than mad1 very       
beasts1 stupefied and void of common    
sense3 ,for how 7saith he7 shall ,i know
 thee to be a man1 when thou kickest    
like an ass1 neighest like a horse after
 women1 ravest in lust like a bull1     
ravenest like a bear1 stingest like a   
scorpion1 rakest like a wolf1 as subtle 
as a fox1 as impudent as a dog8 ,shall  
,i say thou art a man1 that hast all the
 symptoms of a beast8 ,how shall ,i know
 thee to be a man8 by thy shape8 ,that  
affrights me more1 when ,i see a beast  
in likeness of a man4 #ddd,seneca calls 
that of ,epicurus1 magnificam vocem1 an 
heroical speech1 ,a fool still begins to
 live1 and accounts it a filthy         

lightness in men1 every day to lay new  
foundations of their life1 but who doth 
otherwise8 ,one travels1 another builds2
 one for this1 another for that         
business1 and old folks are as far out  
as the rest2 ,o dementem senectutem1    
,tully exclaims4 ,therefore young1 old1 
middle age1 are all stupid1 and dote4   
#dde;,aeneas ,sylvius1 amongst many     
other1 sets down three special ways to  
find a fool by4 ,he is a fool that seeks
 that he cannot find3 he is a fool that 
seeks that1 which being found will do   
him more harm than good3 he is a fool1  
that having variety of ways to bring him
 to his journey's end1 takes that which 
is worst4 ,if so1 methinks most men are 
fools2 examine their courses1 and you   
shall soon perceive what dizzards and   
mad men the major part are4 ,beroaldus  
will have drunkards1 afternoon men1 and 
such as more than ordinarily delight in 
drink1 to be mad4 ,the first pot        
quencheth thirst1 so ,panyasis the poet 
determines in ,athenaeus1 secunda       

gratiis1 horis et ,dyonisio3 the second 
makes merry1 the third for pleasure1    
quarta1 ad insaniam1 the fourth makes   
them mad4 ,if this position be true1    
what a catalogue of mad men shall we    
have8 what shall they be that drink four
 times four8 ,nonne supra omnem furorem1
 supra omnem insanian reddunt           
insanissimos8 ,i am of his opinion1 they
 are more than mad1 much worse than mad4
 ,the #ddf;,abderites condemned         
,democritus for a mad man1 because he   
was sometimes sad1 and sometimes again  
profusely merry4 ,hac ,patria 7saith    
,hippocrates7 ob risum furere et        
insanire dicunt1 his countrymen hold him
 mad because he laughs2 #ddg;and        
therefore he desires him to advise all  
his friends at ,rhodes1 that they do not
 laugh too much1 or be over sad4 ,had   
those ,abderites been conversant with   
us1 and but seen what #ddh fleering and 
grinning there is in this age1 they     
would certainly have concluded1 we had  
been all out of our wits4 ,aristotle in 

his ,ethics holds felix idemque sapiens1
 to be wise and happy1 are reciprocal   
terms1 bonus idemque sapiens honestus4  
',tis #ddi ,tully's paradox1 wise men   
are free1 but fools are slaves1 liberty 
is a power to live according to his own 
laws1 as we will ourselves3 who hath    
this liberty8 who is free8              
#dej------sapiens sibique imperiosus1   
,quem neque pauperis1 neque mors1 neque 
vincula terrent1 ,responsare            
cupidinibus1 contemnere honores ,fortis1
 et in seipso totus teres atque         
rotundus4  ,he is wise that can command 
his own will1 ,valiant and constant to  
himself still1 ,whom poverty nor death1 
nor bands can fright1 ,checks his       
desires1 scorns honours1 just and right4
  ,but where shall such a man be found8 
,if no where1 then e diametro1 we are   
all slaves1 senseless1 or worse4 ,nemo  
malus felix4 ,but no man is happy in    
this life1 none good1 therefore no man  
wise4 #dea,rari quippe boni------ ,for  
one virtue you shall find ten vices in  

the same party2 pauci ,promethei1 multi 
,epimethei4 ,we may peradventure usurp  
the name1 or attribute it to others for 
favour1 as ,carolus ,sapiens1 ,philippus
 ,bonus1 ,lodovicus ,pius1 c41 and      
describe the properties of a wise man1  
as ,tully doth an orator1 ,xenophon     
,cyrus1 ,castilio a courtier1 ,galen    
temperament1 an aristocracy is described
 by politicians4 ,but where shall such a
 man be found8 ,vir bonus et sapiens1   
qualem vix repperit unum ,millibus e    
multis hominum consultus ,apollo4  ,a   
wise1 a good man in a million1 ,apollo  
consulted could scarce find one4  ,a man
 is a miracle of himself1 but           
,trismegistus adds1 ,maximum miraculum  
homo sapiens1 a wise man is a wonder3   
multi ,thirsigeri1 pauci ,bacchi4       
,alexander when he was presented with   
that rich and costly casket of king     
,darius1 and every man advised him what 
to put in it1 he reserved it to keep    
,homer's works1 as the most precious    
jewel of human wit1 and yet #deb        

,scaliger upbraids ,homer's muse1       
,nutricem insanae sapientiae1 a nursery 
of madness1 #dec;impudent as a court    
lady1 that blushes at nothing4 ,jacobus 
,mycillus1 ,gilbertus ,cognatus1        
,erasmus1 and almost all posterity      
admire ,lucian's luxuriant wit1 yet     
,scaliger rejects him in his censure1   
and calls him the ,cerberus of the      
muses4 ,socrates1 whom all the world so 
much magnified1 is by ,lactantius and   
,theodoret condemned for a fool4        
,plutarch extols ,seneca's wit beyond   
all the ,greeks1 nulli secundus1 yet    
#ded ,seneca saith of himself1 when ,i  
would solace myself with a fool1 ,i     
reflect upon myself1 and there ,i have  
him4 ,cardan1 in his ,sixteenth ,book of
 ,subtleties1 reckons up twelve         
supereminent1 acute philosophers1 for   
worth1 subtlety1 and wisdom3            
,archimedes1 ,galen1 ,vitruvius1        
,architas ,tarentinus1 ,euclid1 ,geber1 
that first inventor of ,algebra1        
,alkindus the ,mathematician1 both      

,arabians1 with others4 ,but his        
triumviri terrarum far beyond the rest1 
are ,ptolomaeus1 ,plotinus1             
,hippocrates4 ,scaliger exercitat4 #bbd1
 scoffs at this censure of his1 calls   
some of them carpenters and             
mechanicians1 he makes ,galen fimbriam  
,hippocratis1 a skirt of ,hippocrates3  
and the said #dee;,cardan himself       
elsewhere condemns both ,galen and      
,hippocrates for tediousness1 obscurity1
 confusion4 ,paracelsus will have them  
both mere idiots1 infants in physic and 
philosophy4 ,scaliger and ,cardan admire
 ,suisset the ,calculator1 qui pene     
modum excessit humani ingenii1 and yet  
#def,lod4 ,vives calls them nugas       
,suisseticas3 and ,cardan1 opposite to  
himself in another place1 contemns those
 ancients in respect of times present1  
#deg,majoresque nostros ad presentes    
collatos juste pueros appellari4 ,in    
conclusion1 the said #deh;,cardan and   
,saint ,bernard will admit none into    
this catalogue of wise men1 #dei;but    

only prophets and apostles2 how they    
esteem themselves1 you have heard       
before4 ,we are worldly-wise1 admire    
ourselves1 and seek for applause3 but   
hear ,saint #dfj;,bernard1 quanto magis 
foras es sapiens1 tanto magis intus     
stultus efficeris1 c4 in omnibus es     
prudens1 circa teipsum insipiens3 the   
more wise thou art to others1 the more  
fool to thyself4 ,i may not deny but    
that there is some folly approved1 a    
divine fury1 a holy madness1 even a     
spiritual drunkenness in the saints of  
,god themselves2 sanctum insanium       
,bernard calls it 7though not as        
blaspheming #dfa,vorstius1 would infer  
it as a passion incident to ,god        
himself1 but7 familiar to good men1 as  
that of ,paul1 #b ,cor4 he was a fool1  
c4 and ,rom4 ix4 he wisheth himself to  
be anathematised for them4 ,such is that
 drunkenness which ,ficinus speaks of1  
when the soul is elevated and ravished  
with a divine taste of that heavenly    
nectar1 which poets deciphered by the   

sacrifice of ,dionysius1 and in this    
sense with the poet1 #dfb;insanire      
lubet1 as ,austin exhorts us1 ad        
ebrietatem se quisque paret1 let's all  
be mad and #dfc;drunk4 ,but we commonly 
mistake1 and go beyond our commission1  
we reel to the opposite part1 #dfdwe are
 not capable of it1 #dfe;and as he said 
of the ,greeks1 ,vos ,graeci semper     
pueri1 vos ,britanni1 ,galli1 ,germani1 
,itali1 c4 you are a company of fools4  
,proceed now a partibus ad totum1 or    
from the whole to parts1 and you shall  
find no other issue1 the parts shall be 
sufficiently dilated in this following  
,preface4 ,the whole must needs follow  
by a sorites or induction4 ,every       
multitude is mad1 #dff;bellua multorum  
capitum1 7a many-headed beast71         
precipitate and rash without judgment1  
stultum animal1 a roaring rout4         
#dfg,roger ,bacon proves it out of      
,aristotle1 ,vulgus dividi in oppositum 
contra sapientes1 quod vulgo videtur    
verum1 falsum est2 that which the       

commonalty accounts true1 is most part  
false1 they are still opposite to wise  
men1 but all the world is of this humour
 7vulgus71 and thou thyself art de      
vulgo1 one of the commonalty2 and he1   
and he1 and so are all the rest2 and    
therefore1 as ,phocion concludes1 to be 
approved in nought you say or do1 mere  
idiots and asses4 ,begin then where you 
will1 go backward or forward1 choose out
 of the whole pack1 wink and choose1 you
 shall find them all alike1 never a     
barrel better herring4 ,copernicus1     
,atlas his successor1 is of opinion1 the
 earth is a planet1 moves and shines to 
others1 as the moon doth to us4 ,digges1
 ,gilbert1 ,keplerus1 ,origanus1 and    
others1 defend this hypothesis of his in
 sober sadness1 and that the moon is    
inhabited3 if it be so that the earth is
 a moon1 then are we also giddy1        
vertiginous and lunatic within this     
sublunary maze4 ,i could produce such   
arguments till dark night3 if you should
 hear the rest1 ,ante diem clauso       

component vesper ,olimpo3  ,through such
 a train of words if ,i should run1 ,the
 day would sooner than the tale be done3
  but according to my promise1 ,i will  
descend to particulars4 ,this melancholy
 extends itself not to men only1 but    
even to vegetals and sensibles4 ,i speak
 not of those creatures which are       
saturnine1 melancholy by nature1 as     
lead1 and such like minerals1 or those  
plants1 rue1 cypress1 c4 and hellebore  
itself1 of which #dfh;,agrippa treats1  
fishes1 birds1 and beasts1 hares1       
conies1 dormice1 c41 owls1 bats1        
nightbirds1 but that artificial1 which  
is perceived in them all4 ,remove a     
plant1 it will pine away1 which is      
especially perceived in date trees1 as  
you may read at large in ,constantine's 
husbandry1 that antipathy betwixt the   
vine and the cabbage1 vine and oil4 ,put
 a bird in a cage1 he will die for      
sullenness1 or a beast in a pen1 or take
 his young ones or companions from him1 
and see what effect it will cause4 ,but 

who perceives not these common passions 
of sensible creatures1 fear1 sorrow1 c4 
,of all other1 dogs are most subject to 
this malady1 insomuch some hold they    
dream as men do1 and through violence of
 melancholy run mad2 ,i could relate    
many stories of dogs that have died for 
grief1 and pined away for loss of their 
masters1 but they are common in every   
#dfi;author4 ,kingdoms1 provinces1 and  
politic bodies are likewise sensible and
 subject to this disease1 as            
#dgj;,boterus in his politics hath      
proved at large4 ,as in human bodies    
7saith he7 there be divers alterations  
proceeding from humours1 so be there    
many diseases in a commonwealth1 which  
do as diversely happen from several     
distempers1 as you may easily perceive  
by their particular symptoms4 ,for where
 you shall see the people civil1        
obedient to ,god and princes1 judicious1
 peaceable and quiet1 rich1 fortunate1  
#dga;and flourish1 to live in peace1 in 
unity and concord1 a country well       

tilled1 many fair built and populous    
cities1 ubi incolae nitent as old       
#dgb;,cato said1 the people are neat1   
polite and terse1 ubi bene1 beateque    
vivunt1 which our politicians make the  
chief end of a commonwealth2 and which  
#dgc ,aristotle1 ,polit4 lib4 #c1 cap4  
#d1 calls ,commune bonum1 ,polybius lib4
 #f1 optabilem et selectum statum1 that 
country is free from melancholy2 as it  
was in ,italy in the time of ,augustus1 
now in ,china1 now in many other        
flourishing kingdoms of ,europe4 ,but   
whereas you shall see many discontents1 
common grievances1 complaints1 poverty1 
barbarism1 beggary1 plagues1 wars1      
rebellions1 seditions1 mutinies1        
contentions1 idleness1 riot1 epicurism1 
the land lie untilled1 waste1 full of   
bogs1 fens1 deserts1 c41 cities decayed1
 base and poor towns1 villages          
depopulated1 the people squalid1 ugly1  
uncivil2 that kingdom1 that country1    
must needs be discontent1 melancholy1   
hath a sick body1 and had need to be    

reformed4 ,now that cannot well be      
effected1 till the causes of these      
maladies be first removed1 which        
commonly proceed from their own default1
 or some accidental inconvenience3 as to
 be situated in a bad clime1 too far    
north1 sterile1 in a barren place1 as   
the desert of ,libya1 deserts of        
,arabia1 places void of waters1 as those
 of ,lop and ,belgian in ,asia1 or in a 
bad air1 as at ,alexandretta1 ,bantam1  
,pisa1 ,durrazzo1 ,s4 ,john de ,ulloa1  
c41 or in danger of the sea's continual 
inundations1 as in many places of the   
,low ,countries and elsewhere1 or near  
some bad neighbours1 as ,hungarians to  
,turks1 ,podolians to ,tartars1 or      
almost any bordering countries1 they    
live in fear still1 and by reason of    
hostile incursions are oftentimes left  
desolate4 ,so are cities by reason      
#dgdof wars1 fires1 plagues1            
inundations1 #dgewild beasts1 decay of  
trades1 barred havens1 the sea's        
violence1 as ,antwerp may witness of    

late1 ,syracuse of old1 ,brundusium in  
,italy1 ,rye and ,dover with us1 and    
many that at this day suspect the sea's 
fury and rage1 and labour against it as 
the ,venetians to their inestimable     
charge4 ,but the most frequent maladies 
are such as proceed from themselves1 as 
first when religion and ,god's service  
is neglected1 innovated or altered1     
where they do not fear ,god1 obey their 
prince1 where atheism1 epicurism1       
sacrilege1 simony1 c41 and all such     
impieties are freely committed1 that    
country cannot prosper4 ,when ,abraham  
came to ,gerar1 and saw a bad land1 he  
said1 sure the fear of ,god was not in  
that place4 #dgf ,cyprian ,echovius1 a  
,spanish chorographer1 above all other  
cities of ,spain1 commends ,borcino1 in 
which there was no beggar1 no man poor1 
c41 but all rich1 and in good estate1   
and he gives the reason1 because they   
were more religious than1 their         
neighbours3 why was ,israel so often    
spoiled by their enemies1 led into      

captivity1 c41 but for their idolatry1  
neglect of ,god's word1 for sacrilege1  
even for one ,achan's fault8 ,and what  
shall we except that have such          
multitudes of ,achans1 church robbers1  
simoniacal patrons1 c41 how can they    
hope to flourish1 that neglect divine   
duties1 that live most part like        
,epicures8 ,other common grievances are 
generally noxious to a body politic2    
alteration of laws and customs1 breaking
 privileges1 general oppressions1       
seditions1 c41 observed by              
#dgg;,aristotle1 ,bodin1 ,boterus1      
,junius1 ,arniscus1 c4 ,i will only     
point at some of chiefest4              
#dgh;,impotentia gubernandi1 ataxia1    
confusion1 ill government1 which        
proceeds from unskilful1 slothful1      
griping1 covetous1 unjust1 rash1 or     
tyrannizing magistrates1 when they are  
fools1 idiots1 children1 proud1 wilful1 
partial1 indiscreet1 oppressors1 giddy  
heads1 tyrants1 not able or unfit to    
manage such offices3 #dgimany noble     

cities and flourishing kingdoms by that 
means are desolate1 the whole body      
groans under such heads1 and all the    
members must needs be disaffected1 as at
 this day those goodly provinces in     
,asia ,minor1 c4 groan under the burthen
 of a ,turkish government2 and those    
vast kingdoms of ,muscovia1 ,russia1    
#dhjunder a tyrannizing duke4 ,who ever 
heard of more civil and rich populous   
countries than those of ,greece1 ,asia  
,minor1 abounding with all #dhawealth1  
multitudes of inhabitants1 force1 power1
 splendour and magnificence8 and that   
miracle of countries1 #dhbthe ,holy     
,land1 that in so small a compass of    
ground could maintain so many towns1    
cities1 produce so many fighting men8   
,egypt another paradise1 now barbarous  
and desert1 and almost waste1 by the    
despotical government of an imperious   
,turk1 intolerabili servitutis jugo     
premitur 7#dhcone saith7 not only fire  
and water1 goods or lands1 sed ipse     
spiritus ab insolentissimi victoris     

pendet nutu1 such is their slavery1     
their lives and souls depend upon his   
insolent will and command4 ,a tyrant    
that spoils all wheresoever he comes1   
insomuch that an #dhd;historian         
complains1 if an old inhabitant should  
now see them1 he would not know them1 if
 a traveller1 or stranger1 it would     
grieve his heart to behold them4        
,whereas #dhe;,aristotle notes1 ,novae  
exactiones1 nova onera imposita1 new    
burdens and exactions daily come upon   
them1 like those of which ,zosimus1 lib4
 #b1 so grievous1 ut viri uxores1 patres
 filios prostituerent ut exactoribus e  
questu1 c41 they must needs be          
discontent1 hinc civitatum gemitus et   
ploratus1 as #dhf ,tully holds1 hence   
come those complaints and tears of      
cities1 poor1 miserable1 rebellious1 and
 desperate subjects1 as #dhg;,hippolitus
 adds2 and #dhh;as a judicious          
countryman of ours observed not long    
since1 in a survey of that great ,duchy 
of ,tuscany1 the people lived much      

grieved and discontent1 as appeared by  
their manifold and manifest complainings
 in that kind4 ,that the state was like 
a sick body which had lately taken      
physic1 whose humours are not yet well  
settled1 and weakened so much by        
purging1 that nothing was left but      
melancholy4 ,whereas the princes and    
potentates are immoderate in lust1      
hypocrites1 epicures1 of no religion1   
but in show3 ,quid hypocrisi fragilius8 
what so brittle and unsure8 what sooner 
subverts their estates than wandering   
and raging lusts1 on their subjects'    
wives1 daughters8 to say no worse4 ,that
 they should facem praeferre1 lead the  
way to all virtuous actions1 are the    
ringleaders oftentimes of all mischief  
and dissolute courses1 and by that means
 their countries are plagued1 #dhi;and  
they themselves often ruined1 banished1 
or murdered by conspiracy of their      
subjects1 as ,sardanapalus was1         
,dionysius ,junior1 ,heliogabalus1      
,periander1 ,pisistratus1 ,tarquinius1  

,timocrates1 ,childericus1 ,appius      
,claudius1 ,andronicus1 ,galeacius      
,sforza1 ,alexander ,medices1 c4        
,whereas the princes or great men are   
malicious1 envious1 factious1 ambitious1
 emulators1 they tear a commonwealth    
asunder1 as so many ,guelfs and         
,gibelines disturb the quietness of it1 
#dij;and with mutual murders let it     
bleed to death2 our histories are too   
full of such barbarous inhumanities1 and
 the miseries that issue from them4     
,whereas they be like so many           
horseleeches1 hungry1 griping1 corrupt1 
#dia covetous1 avaritice mancipia1      
ravenous as wolves1 for as ,tully       
writes3 qui praeest prodest1 et qui     
pecudibus praeest1 debet eorum utilitati
 inservire3 or such as prefer their     
private before the public good4 ,for as 
#dib;he said long since1 res privatae   
publicis semper officere4 ,or whereas   
they be illiterate1 ignorant1 empirics  
in policy1 ubi deest facultas1          
#dicvirtus 7,aristot4 pol4 #e1 cap4 #h47

 et scientia1 wise only by inheritance1 
and in authority by birthright1 favour1 
or for their wealth and titles2 there   
must needs be a fault1 #did;a great     
defect3 because as an #dieold           
philosopher affirms1 such men are not   
always fit4 ,of an infinite number1 few 
alone are senators1 and of those few1   
fewer good1 and of that small number of 
honest1 good1 and noble men1 few that   
are learned1 wise1 discreet and         
sufficient1 able to discharge such      
places1 it must needs turn to the       
confusion of a state4 ,for as the       
#dif,princes are1 so are the people2    
,qualis ,rex1 talis grex3 and which     
#dig;,antigonus right well said of old1 
qui ,macedonia regem erudit1 omnes etiam
 subditos erudit1 he that teacheth the  
king of ,macedon1 teacheth all his      
subjects1 is a true saying still4 ,for  
,princes are the glass1 the school1 the 
book1 ,where subjects' eyes do learn1 do
 read1 do look4  ------,velocius et     
citius nos ,corrumpunt vitiorum exempla 

domestica1 magnis ,cum subeant animos   
auctoribus4------#dih  ,their examples  
are soonest followed1 vices entertained1
 if they be profane1 irreligious1       
lascivious1 riotous1 epicures1 factious1
 covetous1 ambitious1 illiterate1 so    
will the commons most part be1 idle1    
unthrifts1 prone to lust1 drunkards1 and
 therefore poor and needy 7     1 for   
poverty begets sedition and villainy7   
upon all occasions ready to mutiny and  
rebel1 discontent still1 complaining1   
murmuring1 grudging1 apt to all         
outrages1 thefts1 treasons1 murders1    
innovations1 in debt1 shifters1         
cozeners1 outlaws1 ,profligatae famae ac
 vitae4 ,it was an old #diipolitician's 
aphorism1 ,they that are poor and bad   
envy rich1 hate good men1 abhor the     
present government1 wish for a new1 and 
would have all turned topsy-turvy4 ,when
 ,catiline rebelled in ,rome1 he got a  
company of such debauched rogues        
together1 they were his familiars and   
coadjutors1 and such have been your     

rebels most part in all ages1 ,jack     
,cade1 ,tom ,straw1 ,kette1 and his     
companions4 ,where they be generally    
riotous and contentious1 where there be 
many discords1 many laws1 many lawsuits1
 many lawyers and many physicians1 it is
 a manifest sign of a distempered1      
melancholy state1 as #ejj,plato long    
since maintained3 for where such kind of
 men swarm1 they will make more work for
 themselves1 and that body politic      
diseased1 which was otherwise sound4 ,a 
general mischief in these our times1 an 
insensible plague1 and never so many of 
them3 which are now multiplied 7saith   
,mat4 ,geraldus1 #eja;a lawyer himself17
 as so many locusts1 not the parents1   
but the plagues of the country1 and for 
the most part a supercilious1 bad1      
covetous1 litigious generation of men4  
#ejb;,crumenimulga natio c4 ,a          
purse-milking nation1 a clamorous       
company1 gowned vultures1 #ejcqui ex    
injuria vivent et sanguine civium1      
thieves and seminaries of discord2 worse

 than any pollers by the highway side1  
auri accipitres1 auri exterebronides1   
pecuniarum hamiolae1 quadruplatores1    
curiae harpagones1 fori tintinabula1    
monstra hominum1 mangones1 c4 that take 
upon them to make peace1 but are indeed 
the very disturbers of our peace1 a     
company of irreligious harpies1         
scraping1 griping catchpoles1 7,i mean  
our common hungry pettifoggers1         
#ejdrabulas forenses1 love and honour in
 the meantime all good laws1 and worthy 
lawyers1 that are so many #ejeoracles   
and pilots of a well-governed           
commonwealth74 ,without art1 without    
judgment1 that do more harm1 as         
#ejf,livy said1 quam bella externa1     
fames1 morbive1 than sickness1 wars1    
hunger1 diseases2 and cause a most      
incredible destruction of a             
commonwealth1 saith #ejg,sesellius1 a   
famous civilian sometimes in ,paris1 as 
ivy doth by an oak1 embrace it so long1 
until it hath got the heart out of it1  
so do they by such places they inhabit2 

no counsel at all1 no justice1 no speech
 to be had1 nisi eum premulseris1 he    
must be fed still1 or else he is as mute
 as a fish1 better open an oyster       
without a knife4 ,experto crede 7saith  
#ejh ,salisburiensis7 in manus eorum    
millies incidi1 et ,charon immitis qui  
nulli pepercit unquam1 his longe        
clementior est2 ,i speak out of         
experience1 ,i have been a thousand     
times amongst them1 and ,charon himself 
is more gentle than they2 #eji;he is    
contented with his single pay1 but they 
multiply still1 they are never          
satisfied1 besides they have damnificas 
linguas1 as he terms it1 nisi funibus   
argenteis vincias1 they must be fed to  
say nothing1 and #eaj;get more to hold  
their peace than we can to say our best4
 ,they will speak their clients fair1   
and invite them to their tables1 but as 
he follows it1 #eaaof all injustice     
there is none so pernicious as that of  
theirs1 which when they deceive most1   
will seem to be honest men4 ,they take  

upon them to be peacemakers1 et fovere  
causas humilium1 to help them to their  
right1 patrocinantur afflictis1 #eab;but
 all is for their own good1 ut loculos  
pleniorom exhauriant1 they plead for    
poor men gratis1 but they are but as a  
stale to catch others4 ,if there be no  
jar1 #eacthey can make a jar1 out of the
 law itself find still some quirk or    
other1 to set them at odds1 and continue
 causes so long1 lustra aliquot1 ,i know
 not how many years before the cause is 
heard1 and when 'tis judged and         
determined by reason of some tricks and 
errors1 it is as fresh to begin1 after  
twice seven years sometimes1 as it was  
at first2 and so they prolong time1     
delay suits till they have enriched     
themselves1 and beggared their clients4 
,and1 as #ead;,cato inveighed against   
,isocrates' scholars1 we may justly tax 
our wrangling lawyers1 they do          
consenescere in litibus1 are so         
litigious and busy here on earth1 that  
,i think they will plead their client's 

causes hereafter1 some of them in hell4 
#eae ,simlerus complains amongst the    
,swissers of the advocates in his time1 
that when they should make an end1 they 
began controversies1 and protract their 
causes many years1 persuading them their
 title is good1 till their patrimonies  
be consumed1 and that they have spent   
more in seeking than the thing is worth1
 or they shall get by the recovery4 ,so 
that he that goes to law1 as the proverb
 is1 #eaf;holds a wolf by the ears1 or  
as a sheep in a storm runs for shelter  
to a brier1 if he prosecute his cause he
 is consumed1 if he surcease his suit he
 loseth all2 #eagwhat difference8 ,they 
had wont heretofore1 saith ,austin1 to  
end matters1 per communes arbitros2 and 
so in ,switzerland 7we are informed by  
#eah,simlerus71 they had some common    
arbitrators or daysmen in every town1   
that made a friendly composition betwixt
 man and man1 and he much wonders at    
their honest simplicity1 that could keep
 peace so well1 and end such great      

causes by that means4 ,at #eai;,fez in  
,africa1 they have neither lawyers nor  
advocates2 but if there be any          
controversies amongst them1 both parties
 plaintiff and defendant come to their  
,alfakins or chief judge1 and at once   
without any farther appeals or pitiful  
delays1 the cause is heard and ended4   
,our forefathers1 as #ebj;a worthy      
chorographer of ours observes1 had wont 
pauculis cruculis aureis1 with a few    
golden crosses1 and lines in verse1 make
 all conveyances1 assurances4 ,and such 
was the candour and integrity of        
succeeding ages1 that a deed 7as ,i have
 oft seen7 to convey a whole manor1 was 
implicite contained in some twenty lines
 or thereabouts2 like that scede or     
,sytala ,laconica1 so much renowned of  
old in all contracts1 which #eba,tully  
so earnestly commends to ,atticus1      
,plutarch in his ,lysander1 ,aristotle  
polit43 ,thucydides1 lib4 #a1           
#ebb;,diodorus and ,suidus approve and  
magnify1 for that laconic brevity in    

this kind2 and well they might1 for1    
according to #ebc,tertullian1 certa sunt
 paucis1 there is much more certainty in
 fewer words4 ,and so was it of old     
throughout3 but now many skins of       
parchment will scarce serve turn2 he    
that buys and sells a house1 must have a
 house full of writings1 there be so    
many circumstances1 so many words1 such 
tautological repetitions of all         
particulars 7to avoid cavillation they  
say72 but we find by our woeful         
experience1 that to subtle wits it is a 
cause of much more contention and       
variance1 and scarce any conveyance so  
accurately penned by one1 which another 
will not find a crack in1 or cavil at2  
if any one word be misplaced1 any little
 error1 all is disannulled4 ,that which 
is a law today1 is none tomorrow2 that  
which is sound in one man's opinion1 is 
most faulty to another2 that in         
conclusion1 here is nothing amongst us  
but contention and confusion1 we bandy  
one against another4 ,and that which    

long since #ebd,plutarch complained of  
them in ,asia1 may be verified in our   
times4 ,these men here assembled1 come  
not to sacrifice to their gods1 to offer
 ,jupiter their first-fruits1 or        
merriments to ,bacchus2 but an yearly   
disease exasperating ,asia hath brought 
them hither1 to make an end of their    
controversies and lawsuits4 ',tis       
multitudo perdentium et pereuntium1 a   
destructive rout that seek one another's
 ruin4 ,such most part are our ordinary 
suitors1 termers1 clients1 new stirs    
every day1 mistakes1 errors1 cavils1 and
 at this present1 as ,i have heard in   
some one court1 ,i know not how many    
thousand causes3 no person free1 no     
title almost good1 with such bitterness 
in following1 so many slights1          
procrastinations1 delays1 forgery1 such 
cost 7for infinite sums are             
inconsiderately spent71 violence and    
malice1 ,i know not by whose fault1     
lawyers1 clients1 laws1 both or all3 but
 as ,paul reprehended the               

#ebe;,corinthians long since1 ,i may    
more positively infer now3 ,there is a  
fault amongst you1 and ,i speak it to   
your shame1 ,is there not a #ebfwise man
 amongst you1 to judge between his      
brethren8 but that a brother goes to law
 with a brother4 ,and #ebg;,christ's    
counsel concerning lawsuits1 was never  
so fit to be inculcated as in this age3 
#ebh;,agree with thine adversary        
quickly1 c4 ,matth4 v4 #be4 ,i could    
repeat many such particular grievances1 
which must disturb a body politic4 ,to  
shut up all in brief1 where good        
government is1 prudent and wise princes1
 there all things thrive and prosper1   
peace and happiness is in that land3    
where it is otherwise1 all things are   
ugly to behold1 incult1 barbarous1      
uncivil1 a paradise is turned to a      
wilderness4 ,this island amongst the    
rest1 our next neighbours the ,french   
and ,germans1 may be a sufficient       
witness1 that in a short time by that   
prudent policy of the ,romans1 was      

brought from barbarism2 see but what    
,caesar reports of us1 and ,tacitus of  
those old ,germans1 they were once as   
uncivil as they in ,virginia1 yet by    
planting of colonies and good laws1 they
 became from barbarous outlaws1 #ebito  
be full of rich and populous cities1 as 
now they are1 and most flourishing      
kingdoms4 ,even so might ,virginia1 and 
those wild ,irish have been civilised   
long since1 if that order had been      
heretofore taken1 which now begins1 of  
planting colonies1 c4 ,i have read a    
#ecj;discourse1 printed anno #afab4     
,discovering the true causes why        
,ireland was never entirely subdued1 or 
brought under obedience to the crown of 
,england1 until the beginning of his    
,majesty's happy reign4 ,yet if his     
reasons were thoroughly scanned by a    
judicious politician1 ,i am afraid he   
would not altogether be approved1 but   
that it would turn to the dishonour of  
our nation1 to suffer it to lie so long 
waste4 ,yea1 and if some travellers     

should see 7to come nearer home7 those  
rich1 united provinces of ,holland1     
,zealand1 c41 over against us2 those    
neat cities and populous towns1 full of 
most industrious artificers1 #ecaso much
 land recovered from the sea1 and so    
painfully preserved by those artificial 
inventions1 so wonderfully approved1 as 
that of ,bemster in ,holland1 ut nihil  
huic par aut simile invenias in toto    
orbe1 saith ,bertius the geographer1 all
 the world cannot match it1 #ecbso many 
navigable channels from place to place1 
made by men's hands1 c4 and on the other
 side so many thousand acres of our fens
 lie drowned1 our cities thin1 and those
 vile1 poor1 and ugly to behold in      
respect of theirs1 our trades decayed1  
our still running rivers stopped1 and   
that beneficial use of transportation1  
wholly neglected1 so many havens void of
 ships and towns1 so many parks and     
forests for pleasure1 barren heaths1 so 
many villages depopulated1 c4 ,i think  
sure he would find some fault4 ,i may   

not deny but that this nation of ours1  
doth bene audire apud exteros1 is a most
 noble1 a most flourishing kingdom1 by  
common consent of all #ecc;geographers1 
historians1 politicians1 'tis unica     
velut arx1 #ecd;and which ,quintius in  
,livy said of the inhabitants of        
,peloponnesus1 may be well applied to   
us1 we are testudines testa sua inclusi1
 like so many tortoises in our shells1  
safely defended by an angry sea1 as a   
wall on all sides4 ,our island hath many
 such honourable eulogiums2 and as a    
learned countryman of ours right well   
hath it1 #ece;,ever since the ,normans  
first coming into ,england1 this country
 both for military matters1 and all     
other of civility1 hath been paralleled 
with the most flourishing kingdoms of   
,europe and our ,christian world1 a     
blessed1 a rich country1 and one of the 
fortunate isles3 and for some things    
#ecfpreferred before other countries1   
for expert seamen1 our laborious        
discoveries1 art of navigation1 true    

merchants1 they carry the bell away from
 all other nations1 even the ,portugals 
and ,hollanders themselves2 #ecgwithout 
all fear1 saith ,boterus1 furrowing the 
ocean winter and summer1 and two of     
their captains1 with no less valour than
 fortune1 have sailed round about the   
world4 #ech ,we have besides many       
particular blessings1 which our         
neighbours want1 the ,gospel truly      
preached1 church discipline established1
 long peace and quietness free from     
exactions1 foreign fears1 invasions1    
domestical seditions1 well manured1     
#eci;fortified by art1 and nature1 and  
now most happy in that fortunate union  
of ,england and ,scotland1 which our    
forefathers have laboured to effect1 and
 desired to see4 ,but in which we excel 
all others1 a wise1 learned1 religious  
king1 another ,numa1 a second ,augustus1
 a true ,josiah2 most worthy senators1 a
 learned clergy1 an obedient commonalty1
 c4 ,yet amongst many roses1 some       
thistles grow1 some bad weeds and       

enormities1 which much disturb the peace
 of this body politic1 eclipse the      
honour and glory of it1 fit to be rooted
 out1 and with all speed to be reformed4
 ,the first is idleness1 by reason of   
which we have many swarms of rogues1 and
 beggars1 thieves1 drunkards1 and       
discontented persons 7whom ,lycurgus in 
,plutarch calls morbos reipublicae1 the 
boils of the commonwealth71 many poor   
people in all our towns4 ,civitates     
ignobiles1 as #edj,polydore calls them1 
base-built cities1 inglorious1 poor1    
small1 rare in sight1 ruinous1 and thin 
of inhabitants4 ,our land is fertile we 
may not deny1 full of all good things1  
and why doth it not then abound with    
cities1 as well as ,italy1 ,france1     
,germany1 the ,low ,countries8 because  
their policy hath been otherwise1 and we
 are not so thrifty1 circumspect1       
industrious4 ,idleness is the malus     
genius of our nation4 ,for as           
#eda;,boterus justly argues1 fertility  
of a country is not enough1 except art  

and industry be joined unto it1         
according to ,aristotle1 riches are     
either natural or artificial2 natural   
are good land1 fair mines1 c4           
artificial1 are manufactures1 coins1 c4 
,many kingdoms are fertile1 but thin of 
inhabitants1 as that ,duchy of ,piedmont
 in ,italy1 which ,leander ,albertus so 
much magnifies for corn1 wine1 fruits1  
c41 yet nothing near so populous as     
those which are more barren4            
#edb;,england1 saith he1 ,london only   
excepted1 hath never a populous city1   
and yet a fruitful country4 ,i find #df 
cities and walled towns in ,alsatia1 a  
small province in ,germany1 #ej castles1
 an infinite number of villages1 no     
ground idle1 no not rocky places1 or    
tops of hills are untilled1 as          
#edc,munster informeth us4 ,in          
#edd;,greichgea1 a small territory on   
the ,necker1 #bd ,italian miles over1 ,i
 read of #bj walled towns1 innumerable  
villages1 each one containing #aej      
houses most part1 besides castles and   

noblemen's palaces4 ,i observe in       
#ede,turinge in ,dutchland 7twelve miles
 over by their scale7 #ab counties1 and 
in them #add cities1 #bjjj villages1    
#add towns1 #bej castles4 ,in           
#edf;,bavaria #cd cities1 #df towns1 c4 
#edg,portugallia interamnis1 a small    
plot of ground1 hath #adfj parishes1    
#acj monasteries1 #bjj bridges4 ,malta1 
a barren island1 yields #bj1jjj         
inhabitants4 ,but of all the rest1 ,i   
admire ,lues ,guicciardine's relations  
of the ,low ,countries4 ,holland hath   
#bf cities1 #djj great villages4        
,zealand #aj cities1 #ajb parishes4     
,brabant #bf cities1 #ajb parishes4     
,flanders #bh cities1 #ij towns1 #aaed  
villages1 besides abbeys1 castles1 c4   
,the ,low ,countries generally have     
three cities at least for one of ours1  
and those far more populous and rich3   
and what is the cause1 but their        
industry and excellency in all manner of
 trades8 ,their commerce1 which is      
maintained by a multitude of tradesmen1 

so many excellent channels made by art  
and opportune havens1 to which they     
build their cities2 all which we have in
 like measure1 or at least may have4    
,but their chiefest loadstone which     
draws all manner of commerce and        
merchandise1 which maintains their      
present estate1 is not fertility of     
soil1 but industry that enricheth them1 
the gold mines of ,peru1 or ,nova       
,hispania may not compare with them4    
,they have neither gold nor silver of   
their own1 wine nor oil1 or scarce any  
corn growing in those united provinces1 
little or no wood1 tin1 lead1 iron1     
silk1 wool1 any stuff almost1 or metal2 
and yet ,hungary1 ,transylvania1 that   
brag of their mines1 fertile ,england   
cannot compare with them4 ,i dare boldly
 say1 that neither ,france1 ,tarentum1  
,apulia1 ,lombardy1 or any part of      
,italy1 ,valentia in ,spain1 or that    
pleasant ,andalusia1 with their         
excellent fruits1 wine and oil1 two     
harvests1 no not any part of ,europe is 

so flourishing1 so rich1 so populous1 so
 full of good ships1 of well-built      
cities1 so abounding with all things    
necessary for the use of man4 ',tis our 
,indies1 an epitome of ,china1 and all  
by reason of their industry1 good       
policy1 and commerce4 ,industry is a    
loadstone to draw all good things2 that 
alone makes countries flourish1 cities  
populous1 #edh;and will enforce by      
reason of much manure1 which necessarily
 follows1 a barren soil to be fertile   
and good1 as sheep1 saith #edi;,dion1   
mend a bad pasture4 ,tell me            
politicians1 why is that fruitful       
,palestina1 noble ,greece1 ,egypt1 ,asia
 ,minor1 so much decayed1 and 7mere     
carcases now7 fallen from that they     
were8 ,the ground is the same1 but the  
government is altered1 the people are   
grown slothful1 idle1 their good        
husbandry1 policy1 and industry is      
decayed4 ,non fatigata aut effaeta1     
humus1 as #eej;,columella well informs  
,sylvinus1 sed nostra fit inertia1 c4   

,may a man believe that which ,aristotle
 in his politics1 ,pausanias1           
,stephanus1 ,sophianus1 ,gerbelius      
relate of old ,greece8 ,i find          
heretofore #gj cities in ,epirus        
overthrown by ,paulus ,aemilius1 a      
goodly province in times past1 #eeanow  
left desolate of good towns and almost  
inhabitants4 ,sixty-two cities in       
,macedonia in ,strabo's time4 ,i find   
#cj in ,laconia1 but now scarce so many 
villages1 saith ,gerbelius4 ,if any man 
from ,mount ,taygetus should view the   
country round about1 and see tot        
delicias1 tot urbes per ,peloponesum    
dispersas1 so many delicate and brave   
built cities with such cost and         
exquisite cunning1 so neatly set out in 
,peloponnesus1 #eeb;he should perceive  
them now ruinous and overthrown1 burnt1 
waste1 desolate1 and laid level with the
 ground4 ,incredibile dictu1 c4 ,and as 
he laments1 ,quis talia fando ,temperet 
a lachrymis8 ,quis tam durus aut        
ferreus1 7so he prosecutes it74 #eec,who

 is he that can sufficiently condole and
 commiserate these ruins8 ,where are    
those #djjj cities of ,egypt1 those #ajj
 cities in ,crete8 ,are they now come to
 two8 ,what saith ,pliny and ,aelian of 
old ,italy8 ,there were in former ages  
#aaff cities3 ,blondus and ,machiavel1  
both grant them now nothing near so     
populous1 and full of good towns as in  
the time of ,augustus 7for now ,leander 
,albertus can find but #cjj at most71   
and if we may give credit to #eed,livy1 
not then so strong and puissant as of   
old3 ,they mustered #gj ,legions in     
former times1 which now the known world 
will scarce yield4 ,alexander built #gj 
cities in a short space for his part1   
our sultans and ,turks demolish twice as
 many1 and leave all desolate4 ,many    
will not believe but that our island of 
,great ,britain is now more populous    
than ever it was2 yet let them read     
,bede1 ,leland and others1 they shall   
find it most flourished in the ,saxon   
,heptarchy1 and in the ,conqueror's time

 was far better inhabited1 than at this 
present4 ,see that ,doomsday ,book1 and 
show me those thousands of parishes1    
which are now decayed1 cities ruined1   
villages depopulated1 c4 ,the lesser the
 territory is1 commonly1 the richer it  
is4 ,parvus sed bene cultus ager4 ,as   
those ,athenian1 ,lacedaemonian1        
,arcadian1 ,aelian1 ,sycionian1         
,messenian1 c4 commonwealths of ,greece 
make ample proof1 as those imperial     
cities and free states of ,germany may  
witness1 those ,cantons of ,switzers1   
,rheti1 ,grisons1 ,walloons1            
,territories of ,tuscany1 ,luke and     
,senes of old1 ,piedmont1 ,mantua1      
,venice in ,italy1 ,ragusa1 c4 ,that    
prince therefore as1 #eee;,boterus      
adviseth1 that will have a rich country1
 and fair cities1 let him get good      
trades1 privileges1 painful inhabitants1
 artificers1 and suffer no rude matter  
unwrought1 as tin1 iron1 wool1 lead1 c41
 to be transported out of his           
country1--#eef;a thing in part seriously

 attempted amongst us1 but not effected4
 ,and because industry of men1 and      
multitude of trade so much avails to the
 ornament and enriching of a kingdom2   
those ancient #eeg,massilians would     
admit no man into their city that had   
not some trade4 ,selym the first        
,turkish emperor procured a thousand    
good artificers to be brought from      
,tauris to ,constantinople4 ,the        
,polanders indented with ,henry ,duke of
 ,anjou1 their new chosen king1 to bring
 with him an hundred families of        
artificers into ,poland4 ,james the     
first in ,scotland 7as #eeh;,buchanan   
writes7 sent for the best artificers he 
could get in ,europe1 and gave them     
great rewards to teach his subjects     
their several trades4 ,edward the       
,third1 our most renowned king1 to his  
eternal memory1 brought clothing first  
into this island1 transporting some     
families of artificers from ,gaunt      
hither4 ,how many goodly cities could ,i
 reckon up1 that thrive wholly by trade1

 where thousands of inhabitants live    
singular well by their fingers' ends3   
,as ,florence in ,italy by making cloth 
of gold2 great ,milan by silk1 and all  
curious works2 ,arras in ,artois by     
those fair hangings2 many cities in     
,spain1 many in ,france1 ,germany1 have 
none other maintenance1 especially those
 within the land4 #eei,mecca1 in ,arabia
 ,petraea1 stands in a most unfruitful  
country1 that wants water1 amongst the  
rocks 7as ,vertomannus describes it71   
and yet it is a most elegant and        
pleasant city1 by reason of the traffic 
of the east and west4 ,ormus in ,persia 
is a most famous mart-town1 hath nought 
else but the opportunity of the haven to
 make it flourish4 ,corinth1 a noble    
city 7,lumen ,greciae1 ,tully calls it7 
the ,eye of ,greece1 by reason of       
,cenchreas and ,lecheus1 those excellent
 ports1 drew all that traffic of the    
,ionian and ,aegean seas to it2 and yet 
the country about it was curva et       
superciliosa1 as #efj,strabo terms it1  

rugged and harsh4 ,we may say the same  
of ,athens1 ,actium1 ,thebes1 ,sparta1  
and most of those towns in ,greece4     
,nuremberg in ,germany is sited in a    
most barren soil1 yet a noble imperial  
city1 by the sole industry of           
artificers1 and cunning trades1 they    
draw the riches of most countries to    
them1 so expert in manufactures1 that as
 ,sallust long since gave out of the    
like1 ,sedem animae in extremis digitis 
habent1 their soul1 or intellectus      
agens1 was placed in their fingers' end2
 and so we may say of ,basil1 ,spire1   
,cambray1 ,frankfurt1 c4 ,it is almost  
incredible to speak what some write of  
,mexico and the cities adjoining to it1 
no place in the world at their first    
discovery more populous1 #efa,mat4      
,riccius1 the ,jesuit1 and some others1 
relate of the industry of the ,chinese  
most populous countries1 not a beggar or
 an idle person to be seen1 and how by  
that means they prosper and flourish4   
,we have the same means1 able bodies1   

pliant wits1 matter of all sorts1 wool1 
flax1 iron1 tin1 lead1 wood1 c41 many   
excellent subjects to work upon1 only   
industry is wanting4 ,we send our best  
commodities beyond the seas1 which they 
make good use of to their necessities1  
set themselves a work about1 and        
severally improve1 sending the same to  
us back at dear rates1 or else make toys
 and baubles of the tails of them1 which
 they sell to us again1 at as great a   
reckoning as the whole4 ,in most of our 
cities1 some few excepted1 like         
#efb,spanish loiterers1 we live wholly  
by tippling-inns and alehouses4 ,malting
 are their best ploughs1 their greatest 
traffic to sell ale4 #efc,meteran and   
some others object to us1 that we are no
 whit so industrious as the ,hollanders3
 ,manual trades 7saith he7 which are    
more curious or troublesome1 are wholly 
exercised by strangers3 they dwell in a 
sea full of fish1 but they are so idle1 
they will not catch so much as shall    
serve their own turns1 but buy it of    

their neighbours4 ,tush #efd,mare       
liberum1 they fish under our noses1 and 
sell it to us when they have done1 at   
their own prices4 ------,pudet haec     
opprobria nobis ,et dici potuisse1 et   
non potuisse refelli4  ,i am ashamed to 
hear this objected by strangers1 and    
know not how to answer it4 ,amongst our 
towns1 there is only #efe,london that   
bears the face of a city1 #eff;,epitome 
,britanniae1 a famous emporium1 second  
to none beyond seas1 a noble mart3 but  
sola crescit1 decrescentibus aliis2 and 
yet1 in my slender judgment1 defective  
in many things4 ,the rest 7#efgsome few 
excepted7 are in mean estate1 ruinous   
most part1 poor1 and full of beggars1 by
 reason of their decayed trades1        
neglected or bad policy1 idleness of    
their inhabitants1 riot1 which had      
rather beg or loiter1 and be ready to   
starve1 than work4 ,i cannot deny but   
that something may be said in defence of
 our cities1 #efhthat they are not so   
fair built1 7for the sole magnificence  

of this kingdom 7concerning buildings7  
hath been of old in those ,norman       
castles and religious houses17 so rich1 
thick sited1 populous1 as in some other 
countries2 besides the reasons ,cardan  
gives1 ,subtil4 ,lib4 #aa4 we want wine 
and oil1 their two harvests1 we dwell in
 a colder air1 and for that cause must a
 little more liberally #efi;feed of     
flesh1 as all northern countries do3 our
 provisions will not therefore extend to
 the maintenance of so many2 yet        
notwithstanding we have matter of all   
sorts1 an open sea for traffic1 as well 
as the rest1 goodly havens4 ,and how can
 we excuse our negligence1 our riot1    
drunkenness1 c41 and such enormities    
that follow it8 ,we have excellent laws 
enacted1 you will say1 severe statutes1 
houses of correction1 c41 to small      
purpose it seems2 it is not houses will 
serve1 but cities of correction2 #egjour
 trades generally ought to be reformed1 
wants supplied4 ,in other countries they
 have the same grievances1 ,i confess1  

but that doth not excuse us1 #egawants1 
defects1 enormities1 idle drones1       
tumults1 discords1 contention1 lawsuits1
 many laws made against them to repress 
those innumerable brawls and lawsuits1  
excess in apparel1 diet1 decay of       
tillage1 depopulations1 #egb;especially 
against rogues1 beggars1 ,egyptian      
vagabonds 7so termed at least7 which    
have #egc swarmed all over ,germany1    
,france1 ,italy1 ,poland1 as you may    
read in #egd ,munster1 ,cranzius1 and   
,aventinus2 as those ,tartars and       
,arabians at this day do in the eastern 
countries3 yet such has been the        
iniquity of all ages1 as it seems to    
small purpose4 ,nemo in nostra civitate 
mendicus esto1 #ege saith ,plato3 he    
will have them purged from a            
#egf;commonwealth1 #egg;as a bad humour 
from the body1 that are like so many    
ulcers and boils1 and must be cured     
before the melancholy body can be eased4
 ,what ,carolus ,magnus1 the ,chinese1  
the ,spaniards1 the duke of ,saxony and 

many other states have decreed in this  
case1 read ,arniseus1 cap4 #ai2         
,boterus1 libro #h1 cap4 #b2 ,osorius de
 ,rubus gest4 ,eman4 lib4 #aa4 ,when a  
country is overstocked with people1 as a
 pasture is oft overlaid with cattle1   
they had wont in former times to        
disburden themselves1 by sending out    
colonies1 or by wars1 as those old      
,romans2 or by employing them at home   
about some public buildings1 as bridges1
 roadways1 for which those ,romans were 
famous in this island2 as ,augustus     
,caesar did in ,rome1 the ,spaniards in 
their ,indian mines1 as at ,potosi in   
,peru1 where some #cj1jjj men are still 
at work1 #fjjj furnaces ever boiling1 c4
 #egh;aqueducts1 bridges1 havens1 those 
stupend works of ,trajan1 ,claudius1 at 
#egi,ostium1 ,dioclesiani ,therma1      
,fucinus ,lacus1 that ,piraeum in       
,athens1 made by ,themistocles1         
ampitheatrums of curious marble1 as at  
,verona1 ,civitas ,philippi1 and        
,heraclea in ,thrace1 those ,appian and 

,flaminian ways1 prodigious works all   
may witness2 and rather than they should
 be #ehj;idle1 as those #eha ,egyptian  
,pharaohs1 ,maris1 and ,sesostris did1  
to task their subjects to build         
unnecessary pyramids1 obelisks1         
labyrinths1 channels1 lakes1 gigantic   
works all1 to divert them from          
rebellion1 riot1 drunkenness1 #ehb,quo  
scilicet alantur et ne vagando laborare 
desuescant4 ,another eyesore is that    
want of conduct and navigable rivers1 a 
great blemish as #ehc;,boterus1         
#ehd;,hippolitus a ,collibus1 and other 
politicians hold1 if it be neglected in 
a commonwealth4 ,admirable cost and     
charge is bestowed in the ,low          
,countries on this behalf1 in the duchy 
of ,milan1 territory of ,padua1 in      
#ehe;,france1 ,italy1 ,china1 and so    
likewise about corrivations of water to 
moisten and refresh barren grounds1 to  
drain fens1 bogs1 and moors4 ,massinissa
 made many inward parts of ,barbary and 
,numidia in ,africa1 before his time    

incult and horrid1 fruitful and bartable
 by this means4 ,great industry is      
generally used all over the eastern     
countries in this kind1 especially in   
,egypt1 about ,babylon and ,damascus1 as
 ,vertomannus and #ehf;,gotardus ,arthus
 relate2 about ,barcelona1 ,segovia1    
,murcia1 and many other places of       
,spain1 ,milan in ,italy2 by reason of  
which1 their soil is much impoverished1 
and infinite commodities arise to the   
inhabitants4 ,the ,turks of late        
attempted to cut that ,isthmus betwixt  
,africa and ,asia1 which #ehg,sesostris 
and ,darius1 and some ,pharaohs of      
,egypt had formerly undertaken1 but with
 ill success1 as #ehh;,diodorus ,siculus
 records1 and ,pliny1 for that ,red ,sea
 being three #ehi;cubits higher than    
,egypt1 would have drowned all the      
country1 caepto destiterant1 they left  
off2 yet as the same #eij;,diodorus     
writes1 ,ptolemy renewed the work many  
years after1 and absolved in it a more  
opportune place4 ,that ,isthmus of      

,corinth was likewise undertaken to be  
made navigable by ,demetrius1 by ,julius
 ,caesar1 ,nero1 ,domitian1 ,herodes    
,atticus1 to make a speedy #eiapassage1 
and less dangerous1 from the ,ionian and
 ,aegean seas2 but because it could not 
be so well effected1 the ,peloponnesians
 built a wall like our ,picts' wall     
about ,schaenute1 where ,neptune's      
temple stood1 and in the shortest cut   
over the ,isthmus1 of which ,diodorus1  
lib4 #aa4 ,herodotus1 lib4 #h4 ,uran4   
,our latter writers call it ,hexamilium1
 which ,amurath the ,turk demolished1   
the ,venetians1 anno #adec1 repaired in 
#ae days with #cj1jjj men4 ,some1 saith 
,acosta1 would have a passage cut from  
,panama to ,nombre de ,dios in ,america2
 but ,thuanus and ,serres the ,french   
historians speak of a famous aqueduct in
 ,france1 intended in ,henry the        
,fourth's time1 from the ,loire to the  
,seine1 and from ,rhodanus to the       
,loire4 ,the like to which was formerly 
assayed by ,domitian the emperor1       

#eib;from ,arar to ,moselle1 which      
,cornelius ,tacitus speaks of in the #ac
 of his annals1 after by ,charles the   
,great and others4 ,much cost hath in   
former times been bestowed in either new
 making or mending channels of rivers1  
and their passages1 7as ,aurelianus did 
by ,tiber to make it navigable to ,rome1
 to convey corn from ,egypt to the city1
 vadum alvei tumentis effodit saith     
,vopiscus1 et ,tiberis ripas extruxit he
 cut fords1 made banks1 c47 decayed     
havens1 which ,claudius the emperor with
 infinite pains and charges attempted at
 ,ostia1 as ,i have said1 the ,venetians
 at this day to preserve their city2    
many excellent means to enrich their    
territories1 have been fostered1        
invented in most provinces of ,europe1  
as planting some ,indian plants amongst 
us1 silkworms1 #eicthe very mulberry    
leaves in the plains of ,granada yield  
#cj1jjj crowns per annum to the king of 
,spain's coffers1 besides those many    
trades and artificers that are busied   

about them in the kingdom of ,granada1  
,murcia1 and all over ,spain4 ,in       
,france a great benefit is raised by    
salt1 c41 whether these things might not
 be as happily attempted with us1 and   
with like success1 it may be            
controverted1 silkworms 7,i mean7 vines1
 fir trees1 c4 ,cardan exhorts ,edward  
the ,sixth to plant olives1 and is fully
 persuaded they would prosper in this   
island4 ,with us1 navigable rivers are  
most part neglected2 our streams are not
 great1 ,i confess1 by reason of the    
narrowness of the island1 yet they run  
smoothly and even1 not headlong1 swift1 
or amongst rocks and shelves1 as foaming
 ,rhodanus and ,loire in ,france1       
,tigris in ,mesopotamia1 violent ,durius
 in ,spain1 with cataracts and          
whirlpools1 as the ,rhine1 and          
,danubius1 about ,shaffausen1           
,lausenburgh1 ,linz1 and ,cremmes1 to   
endanger navigators2 or broad shallow1  
as ,neckar in the ,palatinate1 ,tibris  
in ,italy2 but calm and fair as ,arar in

 ,france1 ,hebrus in ,macedonia1        
,eurotas in ,laconia1 they gently glide 
along1 and might as well be repaired    
many of them 7,i mean ,wye1 ,trent1     
,ouse1 ,thamisis at ,oxford1 the defect 
of which we feel in the mean time7 as   
the river of ,lee from ,ware to ,london4
 ,b4 ,atwater of old1 or as some will   
,henry ,i4 #eidmade a channel from      
,trent to ,lincoln1 navigable2 which    
now1 saith ,mr4 ,camden1 is decayed1 and
 much mention is made of anchors1 and   
such like monuments found about old     
#eie,verulamium1 good ships have        
formerly come to ,exeter1 and many such 
places1 whose channels1 havens1 ports   
are now barred and rejected4 ,we contemn
 this benefit of carriage by waters1 and
 are therefore compelled in the inner   
parts of this island1 because portage is
 so dear1 to eat up our commodities     
ourselves1 and live like so many boars  
in a sty1 for want of vent and          
utterance4 ,we have many excellent      
havens1 royal havens1 ,falmouth1        

,portsmouth1 ,milford1 c4 equivalent if 
not to be preferred to that ,indian     
,havana1 old ,brundusium in ,italy1     
,aulis in ,greece1 ,ambracia in         
,acarnia1 ,suda in ,crete1 which have   
few ships in them1 little or no traffic 
or trade1 which have scarce a village on
 them1 able to bear great cities1 sed   
viderint politici4 ,i could here justly 
tax many other neglects1 abuses1 errors1
 defects among us1 and in other         
countries1 depopulations1 riot1         
drunkenness1 c4 and many such1 quae nunc
 in aurem susurrare1 non libet4 ,but ,i 
must take heed1 ne quid gravius dicam1  
that ,i do not overshoot myself1 ,sus   
,minervam1 ,i am forth of my element1 as
 you peradventure suppose2 and sometimes
 veritas odium parit1 as he said1       
verjuice and oatmeal is good for a      
parrot4 ,for as ,lucian said of an      
historian1 ,i say of a politician4 ,he  
that will freely speak and write1 must  
be for ever no subject1 under no prince 
or law1 but lay out the matter truly as 

it is1 not caring what any can1 will1   
like or dislike4 ,we have good laws1 ,i 
deny not1 to rectify such enormities1   
and so in all other countries1 but it   
seems not always to good purpose4 ,we   
had need of some general visitor in our 
age1 that should reform what is amiss2 a
 just army of ,rosy-cross men1 for they 
will amend all matters 7they say7       
religion1 policy1 manners1 with arts1   
sciences1 c4 ,another ,attila1          
,tamerlane1 ,hercules1 to strive with   
,achelous1 ,augeae stabulum purgare1 to 
subdue tyrants1 as #eif;he did ,diomedes
 and ,busiris3 to expel thieves1 as he  
did ,cacus and ,lacinius3 to vindicate  
poor captives1 as he did ,hesione3 to   
pass the torrid zone1 the deserts of    
,libya1 and purge the world of monsters 
and ,centaurs3 or another ,theban       
,crates to reform our manners1 to       
compose quarrels and controversies1 as  
in his time he did1 and was therefore   
adored for a god in ,athens4 ,as        
,hercules #eigpurged the world of       

monsters1 and subdued them1 so did he   
fight against envy1 lust1 anger1        
avarice1 c4 and all those feral vices   
and monsters of the mind4 ,it were to be
 wished we had some such visitor1 or if 
wishing would serve1 one had such a ring
 or rings1 as ,timolaus desired in      
#eih,lucian1 by virtue of which he      
should be as strong as #aj1jjj men1 or  
an army of giants1 go invisible1 open   
gates and castle doors1 have what       
treasure he would1 transport himself in 
an instant to what place he desired1    
alter affections1 cure all manner of    
diseases1 that he might range over the  
world1 and reform all distressed states 
and persons1 as he would himself4 ,he   
might reduce those wandering ,tartars in
 order1 that infest ,china on the one   
side1 ,muscovy1 ,poland1 on the other2  
and tame the vagabond ,arabians that rob
 and spoil those eastern countries1 that
 they should never use more caravans1 or
 janissaries to conduct them4 ,he might 
root out barbarism out of ,america1 and 

fully discover ,terra ,australis        
,incognita1 find out the north-east and 
north-west passages1 drain those mighty 
,maeotian fens1 cut down those vast     
,hircinian woods1 irrigate those barren 
,arabian deserts1 c4 cure us of our     
epidemical diseases1 scorbutum1 plica1  
morbus ,neapolitanus1 c4 end all our    
idle controversies1 cut off our         
tumultuous desires1 inordinate lusts1   
root out atheism1 impiety1 heresy1      
schism and superstition1 which now so   
crucify the world1 catechise gross      
ignorance1 purge ,italy of luxury and   
riot1 ,spain of superstition and        
jealousy1 ,germany of drunkenness1 all  
our northern country of gluttony and    
intemperance1 castigate our hard-hearted
 parents1 masters1 tutors2 lash         
disobedient children1 negligent         
servants1 correct these spendthrifts and
 prodigal sons1 enforce idle persons to 
work1 drive drunkards off the alehouse1 
repress thieves1 visit corrupt and      
tyrannizing magistrates1 c4 ,but as ,l4 

,licinius taxed ,timolaus1 you may us4  
,these are vain1 absurd and ridiculous  
wishes not to be hoped3 all must be as  
it is1 #eii;,bocchalinus may cite       
commonwealths to come before ,apollo1   
and seek to reform the world itself by  
commissioners1 but there is no remedy1  
it may not be redressed1 desinent       
homines tum demum stultescere quando    
esse desinent1 so long as they can wag  
their beards1 they will play the knaves 
and fools4 ,because1 therefore1 it is a 
thing so difficult1 impossible1 and far 
beyond ,hercules labours to be          
performed2 let them be rude1 stupid1    
ignorant1 incult1 lapis super lapidem   
sedeat1 and as the #fjj;apologist will1 
resp4 tussi1 et graveolentia laboret1   
mundus vitio1 let them be barbarous as  
they are1 let them #fjatyrannise1       
epicurise1 oppress1 luxuriate1 consume  
themselves with factions1 superstitions1
 lawsuits1 wars and contentions1 live in
 riot1 poverty1 want1 misery2 rebel1    
wallow as so many swine in their own    

dung1 with ,ulysses' companions1 stultos
 jubeo esse libenter4 ,i will yet1 to   
satisfy and please myself1 make an      
,utopia of mine own1 a new ,atlantis1 a 
poetical commonwealth of mine own1 in   
which ,i will freely domineer1 build    
cities1 make laws1 statutes1 as ,i list 
myself4 ,and why may ,i                 
not8--#fjb,pictoribus atque poetis1 c4  
,you know what liberty poets ever had1  
and besides1 my predecessor ,democritus 
was a politician1 a recorder of ,abdera1
 a law maker as some say2 and why may   
not ,i presume so much as he did8       
,howsoever ,i will adventure4 ,for the  
site1 if you will needs urge me to it1  
,i am not fully resolved1 it may be in  
,terra ,australi ,incognita1 there is   
room enough 7for of my knowledge neither
 that hungry ,spaniard1 #fjcnor         
,mercurius ,britannicus1 have yet       
discovered half of it7 or else one of   
these floating islands in ,mare del     
,zur1 which like the ,cyanian isles in  
the ,euxine sea1 alter their place1 and 

are accessible only at set times1 and to
 some few persons2 or one of the        
fortunate isles1 for who knows yet      
where1 or which they are8 there is room 
enough in the inner parts of ,america1  
and northern coasts of ,asia4 ,but ,i   
will choose a site1 whose latitude shall
 be #de degrees 7,i respect not minutes7
 in the midst of the temperate zone1 or 
perhaps under the equator1 that         
#fjdparadise of the world1 ubi semper   
virens laurus1 c4 where is a perpetual  
spring3 the longitude for some reasons  
,i will conceal4 ,yet be it known to all
 men by these presents1 that if any     
honest gentleman will send in so much   
money1 as ,cardan allows an astrologer  
for casting a nativity1 he shall be a   
sharer1 ,i will acquaint him with my    
project1 or if any worthy man will stand
 for any temporal or spiritual office or
 dignity1 7for as he said of his        
archbishopric of ,utopia1 'tis sanctus  
ambitus1 and not amiss to be sought     
after17 it shall be freely given without

 all intercessions1 bribes1 letters1 c4 
his own worth shall be the best         
spokesman2 and because we shall admit of
 no deputies or advowsons1 if he be     
sufficiently qualified1 and as able as  
willing to execute the place himself1 be
 shall have present possession4 ,it     
shall be divided into #ab or #ac        
provinces1 and those by hills1 rivers1  
roadways1 or some more eminent limits   
exactly bounded4 ,each province shall   
have a metropolis1 which shall be so    
placed as a centre almost in a          
circumference1 and the rest at equal    
distances1 some #ab ,italian miles      
asunder1 or thereabout1 and in them     
shall be sold all things necessary for  
the use of man2 statis horis et diebus1 
no market towns1 markets or fairs1 for  
they do but beggar cities 7no village   
shall stand above #f1 #g1 or #h miles   
from a city7 except those emporiums     
which are by the sea side1 general      
staples1 marts1 as ,antwerp1 ,venice1   
,bergen of old1 ,london1 c4 cities most 

part shall be situated upon navigable   
rivers or lakes1 creeks1 havens2 and for
 their form1 regular1 round1 square1 or 
long square1 #fjewith fair1 broad1 and  
straight #fjfstreets1 houses uniform1   
built of brick and stone1 like ,bruges1 
,brussels1 ,rhegium ,lepidi1 ,berne in  
,switzerland1 ,milan1 ,mantua1 ,crema1  
,cambalu in ,tartary1 described by ,m4  
,polus1 or that ,venetian ,palma4 ,i    
will admit very few or no suburbs1 and  
those of baser building1 walls only to  
keep out man and horse1 except it be in 
some frontier towns1 or by the sea side1
 and those to be fortified #fjg after   
the latest manner of fortification1 and 
situated upon convenient havens1 or     
opportune places4 ,in every so built    
city1 ,i will have convenient churches1 
and separate places to bury the dead in1
 not in churchyards2 a citadella 7in    
some1 not all7 to command it1 prisons   
for offenders1 opportune market places  
of all sorts1 for corn1 meat1 cattle1   
fuel1 fish1 commodious courts of        

justice1 public halls for all societies1
 bourses1 meeting places1 armouries1    
#fjh;in which shall be kept engines for 
quenching of fire1 artillery gardens1   
public walks1 theatres1 and spacious    
fields allotted for all gymnastic       
sports1 and honest recreations1         
hospitals of all kinds1 for children1   
orphans1 old folks1 sick men1 mad men1  
soldiers1 pest-houses1 c4 not built     
precario1 or by gouty benefactors1 who1 
when by fraud and rapine they have      
extorted all their lives1 oppressed     
whole provinces1 societies1 c4 give     
something to pious uses1 build a        
satisfactory alms-house1 school or      
bridge1 c4 at their last end1 or before 
perhaps1 which is no otherwise than to  
steal a goose1 and stick down a feather1
 rob a thousand to relieve ten2 and     
those hospitals so built and maintained1
 not by collections1 benevolences1      
donaries1 for a set number1 7as in      
ours17 just so many and no more at such 
a rate1 but for all those who stand in  

need1 be they more or less1 and that ex 
publico aerario1 and so still           
maintained1 non nobis solum nati sumus1 
c4 ,i will have conduits of sweet and   
good water1 aptly disposed in each town1
 common #fji granaries1 as at ,dresden  
in ,misnia1 ,stetein in ,pomerland1     
,noremberg1 c4 ,colleges of             
mathematicians1 musicians1 and actors1  
as of old at ,labedum in ,ionia1        
#faj;alchemists1 physicians1 artists1   
and philosophers3 that all arts and     
sciences may sooner be perfected and    
better learned2 and public              
historiographers1 as amongst those      
ancient #faa,persians1 qui in           
commentarios referebant quae memoratu   
digna gerebantur1 informed and appointed
 by the state to register all famous    
acts1 and not by each insufficient      
scribbler1 partial or parasitical       
pedant1 as in our times4 ,i will provide
 public schools of all kinds1 singing1  
dancing1 fencing1 c4 especially of      
grammar and languages1 not to be taught 

by those tedious precepts ordinarily    
used1 but by use1 example1 conversation1
 #fab;as travellers learn abroad1 and   
nurses teach their children3 as ,i will 
have all such places1 so will ,i ordain 
#facpublic governors1 fit officers to   
each place1 treasurers1 aediles1        
quaestors1 overseers of pupils1 widows' 
goods1 and all public houses1 c4 and    
those once a year to make strict        
accounts of all receipts1 expenses1 to  
avoid confusion1 et sic fiet ut non     
absumant 7as ,pliny to ,trajan17 quad   
pudeat dicere4 ,they shall be           
subordinate to those higher officers and
 governors of each city1 which shall not
 be poor tradesmen1 and mean artificers1
 but noblemen and gentlemen1 which shall
 be tied to residence in those towns    
they dwell next1 at such set times and  
seasons3 for ,i see no reason 7which    
#fad;,hippolitus complains of7 that it  
should be more dishonourable for        
noblemen to govern the city than the    
country1 or unseemly to dwell there now1

 than of old4 #fae;,i will have no bogs1
 fens1 marshes1 vast woods1 deserts1    
heaths1 commons1 but all enclosed2 7yet 
not depopulated1 and therefore take heed
 you mistake me not7 for that which is  
common1 and every man's1 is no man's2   
the richest countries are still         
enclosed1 as ,essex1 ,kent1 with us1 c4 
,spain1 ,italy2 and where enclosures are
 least in quantity1 they are best       
#faf;husbanded1 as about ,florence in   
,italy1 ,damascus in ,syria1 c4 which   
are liker gardens than fields4 ,i will  
not have a barren acre in all my        
territories1 not so much as the tops of 
mountains3 where nature fails1 it shall 
be supplied by art3 #faglakes and rivers
 shall not be left desolate4 ,all common
 highways1 bridges1 banks1 corrivations 
of waters1 aqueducts1 channels1 public  
works1 buildings1 c4 out of a           
#fah;common stock1 curiously maintained 
and kept in repair2 no depopulations1   
engrossings1 alterations of wood1       
arable1 but by the consent of some      

supervisors that shall be appointed for 
that purpose1 to see what reformation   
ought to be had in all places1 what is  
amiss1 how to help it1 et quid quaeque  
ferat regio1 et quid quaeque recuset1   
what ground is aptest for wood1 what for
 corn1 what for cattle1 gardens1        
orchards1 fishponds1 c4 with a          
charitable division in every village1   
7not one domineering house greedily to  
swallow up all1 which is too common with
 us7 what for lords1 #faiwhat for       
tenants2 and because they shall be      
better encouraged to improve such lands 
they hold1 manure1 plant trees1 drain1  
fence1 c4 they shall have long leases1 a
 known rent1 and known fine to free them
 from those intolerable exactions of    
tyrannizing landlords4 ,these           
supervisors shall likewise appoint what 
quantity of land in each manor is fit   
for the lord's demesnes1 #fbjwhat for   
holding of tenants1 how it ought to be  
husbanded1 ut #fbamagnetis equis1       
,minyae gens cognita remis1 how to be   

manured1 tilled1 rectified1 #fbb;hic    
segetes veniunt1 illic felicius uvae1   
arborei foetus alibi1 atque injussa     
virescunt ,gramina1 and what proportion 
is fit for all callings1 because private
 professors are many times idiots1 ill  
husbands1 oppressors1 covetous1 and know
 not how to improve their own1 or else  
wholly respect their own1 and not public
 good4 ,utopian parity is a kind of     
government1 to be wished for1 #fbcrather
 than effected1 ,respub4                
,christianopolitana1 ,campanella's city 
of the ,sun1 and that new ,atlantis1    
witty fictions1 but mere chimeras2 and  
,plato's community in many things is    
impious1 absurd and ridiculous1 it takes
 away all splendour and magnificence4 ,i
 will have several orders1 degrees of   
nobility1 and those hereditary1 not     
rejecting younger brothers in the mean  
time1 for they shall be sufficiently    
provided for by pensions1 or so         
qualified1 brought up in some honest    
calling1 they shall be able to live of  

themselves4 ,i will have such a         
proportion of ground belonging to every 
barony1 he that buys the land shall buy 
the barony1 he that by riot consumes his
 patrimony1 and ancient demesnes1 shall 
forfeit his honours4 #fbd;,as some      
dignities shall be hereditary1 so some  
again by election1 or by gift 7besides  
free officers1 pensions1 annuities17    
like our bishoprics1 prebends1 the      
,bassa's palaces in ,turkey1 the        
#fbeprocurator's houses and offices in  
,venice1 which1 like the golden apple1  
shall be given to the worthiest1 and    
best deserving both in war and peace1 as
 a reward of their worth and good       
service1 as so many goals for all to aim
 at1 7honos alit artes7 and             
encouragements to others4 ,for ,i hate  
these severe1 unnatural1 harsh1 ,german1
 ,french1 and ,venetian decrees1 which  
exclude plebeians from honours1 be they 
never so wise1 rich1 virtuous1 valiant1 
and well qualified1 they must not be    
patricians1 but keep their own rank1    

this is naturae bellum inferre1 odious  
to ,god and men1 ,i abhor it4 ,my form  
of government shall be monarchical4     
#fbfnunquam libertas gratior extat1     
,quam sub ,rege pio1 c4  few laws1 but  
those severely kept1 plainly put down1  
and in the mother tongue1 that every man
 may understand4 ,every city shall have 
a peculiar trade or privilege1 by which 
it shall be chiefly maintained3 #fbg;and
 parents shall teach their children one 
of three at least1 bring up and instruct
 them in the mysteries of their own     
trade4 ,in each town these several      
tradesmen shall be so aptly disposed1 as
 they shall free the rest from danger or
 offence3 fire-trades1 as smiths1       
forge-men1 brewers1 bakers1 metal-men1  
c41 shall dwell apart by themselves3    
dyers1 tanners1 fellmongers1 and such as
 use water in convenient places by      
themselves3 noisome or fulsome for bad  
smells1 as butchers' slaughterhouses1   
chandlers1 curriers1 in remote places1  
and some back lanes4 ,fraternities and  

companies1 ,i approve of1 as merchants' 
bourses1 colleges of druggists1         
physicians1 musicians1 c41 but all      
trades to be rated in the sale of wares1
 as our clerks of the market do bakers  
and brewers2 corn itself1 what scarcity 
soever shall come1 not to extend such a 
price4 ,of such wares as are transported
 or brought in1 #fbh;if they be         
necessary1 commodious1 and such as      
nearly concern man's life1 as corn1     
wood1 coal1 c41 and such provision we   
cannot want1 ,i will have little or no  
custom paid1 no taxes2 but for such     
things as are for pleasure1 delight1 or 
ornament1 as wine1 spice1 tobacco1 silk1
 velvet1 cloth of gold1 lace1 jewels1   
c41 a greater impost4 ,i will have      
certain ships sent out for new          
discoveries every year1 #fbi;and some   
discreet men appointed to travel into   
all neighbouring kingdoms by land1 which
 shall observe what artificial          
inventions and good laws are in other   
countries1 customs1 alterations1 or     

aught else1 concerning war or peace1    
which may tend to the common good4      
,ecclesiastical discipline1 penes       
,episcopos1 subordinate as the other4   
,no impropriations1 no lay patrons of   
church livings1 or one private man1 but 
common societies1 corporations1 c41 and 
those rectors of benefices to be chosen 
out of the ,universities1 examined and  
approved1 as the literati in ,china4 ,no
 parish to contain above a thousand     
auditors4 ,if it were possible1 ,i would
 have such priest as should imitate     
,christ1 charitable lawyers should love 
their neighbours as themselves1         
temperate and modest physicians1        
politicians contemn the world1          
philosophers should know themselves1    
noblemen live honestly1 tradesmen leave 
lying and cozening1 magistrates         
corruption1 c41 but this is impossible1 
,i must get such as ,i may4 ,i will     
therefore have #fcjof lawyers1 judges1  
advocates1 physicians1 chirurgeons1 c41 
a set number1 #fca;and every man1 if it 

be possible1 to plead his own cause1 to 
tell that tale to the judge which he    
doth to his advocate1 as at ,fez in     
,africa1 ,bantam1 ,aleppo1 ,ragusa1 suam
 quisque causam dicere tenetur4 ,those  
advocates1 chirurgeons1 and             
#fcbphysicians1 which are allowed to be 
maintained out of the #fcc;common       
treasury1 no fees to be given or taken  
upon pain of losing their places2 or if 
they do1 very small fees1 and when the  
#fcd;cause is fully ended4 #fce;,he that
 sues any man shall put in a pledge1    
which if it be proved he hath wrongfully
 sued his adversary1 rashly or          
maliciously1 he shall forfeit1 and lose4
 ,or else before any suit begin1 the    
plaintiff shall have his complaint      
approved by a set delegacy to that      
purpose2 if it be of moment he shall be 
suffered as before1 to proceed1 if      
otherwise they shall determine it4 ,all 
causes shall be pleaded suppresso       
nomine1 the parties' names concealed1 if
 some circumstances do not otherwise    

require4 ,judges and other officers     
shall be aptly disposed in each         
province1 villages1 cities1 as common   
arbitrators to hear causes1 and end all 
controversies1 and those not single1 but
 three at least on the bench at once1 to
 determine or give sentence1 and those  
again to sit by turns or lots1 and not  
to continue still in the same office4   
,no controversy to depend above a year1 
but without all delays and further      
appeals to be speedily despatched1 and  
finally concluded in that time allotted4
 ,these and all other inferior          
magistrates to be chosen #fcf;as the    
literati in ,china1 or by those exact   
suffrages of the #fcg,venetians1 and    
such again not to be eligible1 or       
capable of magistracies1 honours1       
offices1 except they be sufficiently    
#fchqualified for learning1 manners1 and
 that by the strict approbation of      
deputed examiners3 #fci;first scholars  
to take place1 then soldiers2 for ,i am 
of ,vigetius his opinion1 a scholar     

deserves better than a soldier1 because 
,unius aetatis sunt quae fortiter fiunt1
 quae vero pro utilitate ,reipub4       
scribuntur1 aeterna3 a soldier's work   
lasts for an age1 a scholar's for ever4 
,if they #fdjmisbehave themselves1 they 
shall be deposed1 and accordingly       
punished1 and whether their offices be  
annual #fdaor otherwise1 once a year    
they shall be called in question1 and   
give an account2 for men are partial and
 passionate1 merciless1 covetous1       
corrupt1 subject to love1 hate1 fear1   
favour1 c41 omne sub regno graviore     
regnum3 like ,solon's ,areopagites1 or  
those ,roman ,censors1 some shall visit 
others1 and #fdb;be visited invicem     
themselves1 #fdc they shall oversee that
 no prowling officer1 under colour of   
authority1 shall insult over his        
inferiors1 as so many wild beasts1      
oppress1 domineer1 flea1 grind1 or      
trample on1 be partial or corrupt1 but  
that there be aequabile jus1 justice    
equally done1 live as friends and       

brethren together2 and which            
#fdd,sesellius would have and so much   
desires in his kingdom of ,france1 a    
diapason and sweet harmony of kings1    
princes1 nobles1 and plebeians so       
mutually tied and involved in love1 as  
well as laws and authority1 as that they
 never disagree1 insult1 or encroach one
 upon another4 ,if any man deserve well 
in his office he shall be rewarded4     
------quis enim virtutem amplectitur    
ipsam1 ,proemia si tollas8------#fde    
,he that invents anything for public    
good in any art or science1 writes a    
treatise1 #fdfor performs any noble     
exploit1 at home or abroad1 #fdg shall  
be accordingly enriched1 #fdh;honoured1 
and preferred4 ,i say with ,hannibal in 
,ennius1 ,hostem qui feriet erit mihi   
,carthaginensis1 let him be of what     
condition he will1 in all offices1      
actions1 he that deserves best shall    
have best4 ,tilianus in ,philonius1 out 
of a charitable mind no doubt1 wished   
all his books were gold and silver1     

jewels and precious stones1 #fdito      
redeem captives1 set free prisoners1 and
 relieve all poor distressed souls that 
wanted means2 religiously done4 ,i deny 
not1 but to what purpose8 ,suppose this 
were so well done1 within a little      
after1 though a man had ,croesus' wealth
 to bestow1 there would be as many more4
 ,wherefore ,i will suffer no           
#fej;beggars1 rogues1 vagabonds1 or idle
 persons at all1 that cannot give an    
account of their lives how they         
#feamaintain themselves4 ,if they be    
impotent1 lame1 blind1 and single1 they 
shall be sufficiently maintained in     
several hospitals1 built for that       
purpose2 if married and infirm1 past    
work1 or by inevitable loss1 or some    
such like misfortune cast behind1 by    
distribution of #feb;corn1 house-rent   
free1 annual pensions or money1 they    
shall be relieved1 and highly rewarded  
for their good service they have        
formerly done2 if able1 they shall be   
enforced to work4 #fec;,for ,i see no   

reason 7as #fed;he said7 why an epicure 
or idle drone1 a rich glutton1 a usurer1
 should live at ease1 and do nothing1   
live in honour1 in all manner of        
pleasures1 and oppress others1 when as  
in the meantime a poor labourer1 a      
smith1 a carpenter1 an husbandman that  
hath spent his time in continual labour1
 as an ass to carry burdens1 to do the  
commonwealth good1 and without whom we  
cannot live1 shall be left in his old   
age to beg or starve1 and lead a        
miserable life worse than a jument4 ,as 
#fee;all conditions shall be tied to    
their task1 so none shall be overtired1 
but have their set times of recreations 
and holidays1 indulgere genio1 feasts   
and merry meetings1 even to the meanest 
artificer1 or basest servant1 once a    
week to sing or dance1 7though not all  
at once7 or do whatsoever he shall      
please2 like #fefthat ,saccarum festum  
amongst the ,persians1 those ,saturnals 
in ,rome1 as well as his master4        
#feg;,if any be drunk1 he shall drink no

 more wine or strong drink in a         
twelvemonth after4 ,a bankrupt shall be 
#feh ,catademiatus in ,amphitheatro1    
publicly shamed1 and he that cannot pay 
his debts1 if by riot or negligence he  
have been impoverished1 shall be for a  
twelvemonth imprisoned1 if in that space
 his creditors be not satisfied1 #fei;he
 shall be hanged4 ,he #ffjthat commits  
sacrilege shall lose his hands2 he that 
bears false witness1 or is of perjury   
convicted1 shall have his tongue cut    
out1 except he redeem it with his head4 
,murder1 #ffa adultery1 shall be        
punished by death1 #ffb;but not theft1  
except it be some more grievous offence1
 or notorious offenders3 otherwise they 
shall be condemned to the galleys1      
mines1 be his slaves whom they have     
offended1 during their lives4 ,i hate   
all hereditary slaves1 and that duram   
,persarum legem as #ffc;,brisonius calls
 it2 or as #ffd;,ammianus1 impendio     
formidatas et abominandas leges1 per    
quas ob noxam unius1 omnis propinquitas 

perit hard law that wife and children1  
friends and allies1 should suffer for   
the father's offence4 ,no man shall     
marry until he #ffe;be #be1 no woman    
till she be #bj1 #fff nisi alitur       
dispensatum fuerit4 ,if one #ffg;die1   
the other party shall not marry till six
 months after2 and because many families
 are compelled to live niggardly1       
exhaust and undone by great dowers1     
#ffhnone shall be given at all1 or very 
little1 and that by supervisors rated1  
they that are foul shall have a greater 
portion2 if fair1 none at all1 or very  
little3 #ffi;howsoever not to exceed    
such a rate as those supervisors shall  
think fit4 ,and when once they come to  
those years1 poverty shall hinder no man
 from marriage1 or any other respect1   
#fgj;but all shall be rather enforced   
than hindered1 #fga;except they be      
#fgb;dismembered1 or grievously         
deformed1 infirm1 or visited with some  
enormous hereditary disease1 in body or 
mind2 in such cases upon a great pain1  

or mulct1 #fgcman or woman shall not    
marry1 other order shall be taken for   
them to their content4 ,if people       
overabound1 they shall be eased by      
#fgd;colonies4 #fge,no man shall wear   
weapons in any city4 ,the same attire   
shall be kept1 and that proper to       
several callings1 by which they shall be
 distinguished4 #fgf,luxus funerum shall
 be taken away1 that intempestive       
expense moderated1 and many others4     
,brokers1 takers of pawns1 biting       
usurers1 ,i will not admit2 yet because 
hic cum hominibus non cum diis agitur1  
we converse here with men1 not with     
gods1 and for the hardness of men's     
hearts ,i will tolerate some kind of    
usury4#fgg;,if we were honest1 ,i       
confess1 si probi essemus1 we should    
have no use of it1 but being as it is1  
we must necessarily admit it4 ,howsoever
 most divines contradict it1 dicimus    
inficias1 sed vox ea sola reperta est1  
it must be winked at by politicians4    
,and yet some great doctors approve of  

it1 ,calvin1 ,bucer1 ,zanchius1 ,p4     
,martyr1 because by so many grand       
lawyers1 decrees of emperors1 princes'  
statutes1 customs of commonwealths1     
churches' approbations it is permitted1 
c4 ,i will therefore allow it4 ,but to  
no private persons1 nor to every man    
that will1 to orphans only1 maids1      
widows1 or such as by reason of their   
age1 sex1 education1 ignorance of       
trading1 know not otherwise how to      
employ it2 and those so approved1 not to
 let it out apart1 but to bring their   
money to a #fgh;common bank which shall 
be allowed in every city1 as in ,genoa1 
,geneva1 ,nuremberg1 ,venice1 at #fgie1 
#f1 #g1 not above #h per centum1 as the 
supervisors1 or aerarii praefecti shall 
think fit4 #fhj;,and as it shall not be 
lawful for each man to be an usurer that
 will1 so shall it not be lawful for all
 to take up money at use1 not to        
prodigals and spendthrifts1 but to      
merchants1 young tradesmen1 such as     
stand in need1 or know honestly how to  

employ it1 whose necessity1 cause and   
condition the said supervisors shall    
approve of4 ,i will have no private     
monopolies1 to enrich one man1 and      
beggar a multitude1 #fhamultiplicity of 
offices1 of supplying by deputies1      
weights and measures1 the same          
throughout1 and those rectified by the  
,primum mobile and sun's motion1        
threescore miles to a degree according  
to observation1 #ajjj geometrical paces 
to a mile1 five foot to a pace1 twelve  
inches to a foot1 c4 and from measures  
known it is an easy matter to rectify   
weights1 c4 to cast up all1 and resolve 
bodies by algebra1 stereometry4 ,i hate 
wars if they be not ad populi salutem   
upon urgent occasion1 #fhbodimus        
accipitrim1 quia semper vivit in armis  
#fhc offensive wars1 except the cause be
 very just1 ,i will not allow of4 ,for  
,i do highly magnify that saying of     
,hannibal to ,scipio1 in #fhd,livy1 ,it 
had been a blessed thing for you and us1
 if ,god had given that mind to our     

predecessors1 that you had been content 
with ,italy1 we with ,africa4 ,for      
neither ,sicily nor ,sardinia are worth 
such cost and pains1 so many fleets and 
armies1 or so many famous ,captains'    
lives4 ,omnia prius tentanda1 fair means
 shall first be tried4 #fhe,peragit     
tranquilla potestas1 ,quod violenta     
nequit4 ,i will have them proceed with  
all moderation3 but hear you1 ,fabius my
 general1 not ,minutius1 nam #fhfqui    
,consilio nititur plus hostibus nocet1  
quam qui sini animi ratione1 viribus3   
,and in such wars to abstain as much as 
is possible from #fhg;depopulations1    
burning of towns1 massacring of infants1
 c4 ,for defensive wars1 ,i will have   
forces still ready at a small warning1  
by land and sea1 a prepared navy1       
soldiers in procinctu1 et quam          
#fhh;,bonfinius apud ,hungaros suos     
vult1 virgam ferream1 and money1 which  
is nerves belli1 still in a readiness1  
and a sufficient revenue1 a third part  
as in old #fhi,rome and ,egypt1 reserved

 for the commonwealth2 to avoid those   
heavy taxes and impositions1 as well to 
defray this charge of wars1 as also all 
other public defalcations1 expenses1    
fees1 pensions1 reparations1 chaste     
sports1 feasts1 donaries1 rewards1 and  
entertainments4 ,all things in this     
nature especially ,i will have maturely 
done1 and with great #fij;deliberation3 
ne quid #fia temere1 ne quid remisse ac 
timide fiat2 ,sid quo feror hospes8 ,to 
prosecute the rest would require a      
volume4 ,manum de tabella1 ,i have been 
over tedious in this subject2 ,i could  
have here willingly ranged1 but these   
straits wherein ,i am included will not 
permit4 ,from commonwealths and cities1 
,i will descend to families1 which have 
as many corsives and molestations1 as   
frequent discontents as the rest4 ,great
 affinity there is betwixt a political  
and economical body2 they differ only in
 magnitude and proportion of business   
7so ,scaliger #fibwrites7 as they have  
both likely the same period1 as         

#fic;,bodin and #fid,peucer hold1 out of
 ,plato1 six or seven hundred years1 so 
many times they have the same means of  
their vexation and overthrows2 as       
namely1 riot1 a common ruin of both1    
riot in building1 riot in profuse       
spending1 riot in apparel1 c4 be it in  
what kind soever1 it produceth the same 
effects4 ,a #fie;chorographer of ours   
speaking obiter of ancient families1 why
 they are so frequent in the north1     
continue so long1 are so soon           
extinguished in the south1 and so few1  
gives no other reason but this1 luxus   
omnia dissipavit1 riot hath consumed    
all1 fine clothes and curious buildings 
came into this island1 as he notes in   
his annals1 not so many years since2 non
 sine dispendio hospitalitatis to the   
decay of hospitality4 ,howbeit many     
times that word is mistaken1 and under  
the name of bounty and hospitality1 is  
shrouded riot and prodigality1 and that 
which is commendable in itself well     
used1 hath been mistaken heretofore1 is 

become by his abuse1 the bane and utter 
ruin of many a noble family4 ,for some  
men live like the rich glutton1         
consuming themselves and their substance
 by continual feasting and invitations1 
with #fif;,axilon in ,homer1 keep open  
house for all comers1 giving            
entertainment to such as visit them1    
#figkeeping a table beyond their means1 
and a company of idle servants 7though  
not so frequent as of old7 are blown up 
on a sudden2 and as ,actaeon was by his 
hounds1 devoured by their kinsmen1      
friends1 and multitude of followers4    
#fih;,it is a wonder that ,paulus       
,jovius relates of our northern         
countries1 what an infinite deal of meat
 we consume on our tables2 that ,i may  
truly say1 'tis not bounty1 not         
hospitality1 as it is often abused1 but 
riot and excess1 gluttony and           
prodigality2 a mere vice2 it brings in  
debt1 want1 and beggary1 hereditary     
diseases1 consumes their fortunes1 and  
overthrows the good temperature of their

 bodies4 ,to this ,i might here well add
 their inordinate expense in building1  
those fantastical houses1 turrets1      
walks1 parks1 c4 gaming1 excess of      
pleasure1 and that prodigious riot in   
apparel1 by which means they are        
compelled to break up house1 and creep  
into holes4 ,sesellius in his           
commonwealth of #fii;,france1 gives     
three reasons why the ,french nobility  
were so frequently bankrupts3 ,first1   
because they had so many lawsuits and   
contentions one upon another1 which were
 tedious and costly2 by which means it  
came to pass1 that commonly lawyers     
bought them out of their possessions4 ,a
 second cause was their riot1 they lived
 beyond their means1 and were therefore 
swallowed up by merchants4 7,la ,nove1 a
 ,french writer1 yields five reasons of 
his countrymen's poverty1 to the same   
effect almost1 and thinks verily if the 
gentry of ,france were divided into ten 
parts1 eight of them would be found much
 impaired1 by sales1 mortgages1 and     

debts1 or wholly sunk in their estates47
 ,the last was immoderate excess in     
apparel1 which consumed their revenues4 
,how this concerns and agrees with our  
present state1 look you4 ,but of this   
elsewhere4 ,as it is in a man's body1 if
 either head1 heart1 stomach1 liver1    
spleen1 or any one part be misaffected1 
all the rest suffer with it3 so is it   
with this economical body4 ,if the head 
be naught1 a spendthrift1 a drunkard1 a 
whoremaster1 a gamester1 how shall the  
family live at ease8 #gjj;,ipsa si      
cupiat solus servare1 prorsus1 non      
potest hanc familiam1 as ,demea said in 
the comedy1 ,safety herself cannot save 
it4 ,a good1 honest1 painful man many   
times hath a shrew to his wife1 a       
sickly1 dishonest1 slothful1 foolish1   
careless woman to his mate1 a proud1    
peevish flirt1 a liquorish1 prodigal    
quean1 and by that means all goes to    
ruin3 or if they differ in nature1 he is
 thrifty1 she spends all1 he wise1 she  
sottish and soft2 what agreement can    

there be8 what friendship8 ,like that of
 the thrush and swallow in ,aesop1      
instead of mutual love1 kind            
compellations1 whore and thief is heard1
 they fling stools at one another's     
heads4 #gja,quae intemperies vexat hanc 
familiam8 ,all enforced marriages       
commonly produce such effects1 or if on 
their behalves it be well1 as to live   
and agree lovingly together1 they may   
have disobedient and unruly children1   
that take ill courses to disquiet them1 
#gjbtheir son is a thief1 a spendthrift1
 their daughter a whore2 a step         
#gjcmother1 or a daughter-in-law        
distempers all2 #gjdor else for want of 
means1 many torturers arise1 debts1     
dues1 fees1 dowries1 jointures1 legacies
 to be paid1 annuities issuing out1 by  
means of which1 they have not           
wherewithal to maintain themselves in   
that pomp as their predecessors have    
done1 bring up or bestow their children 
to their callings1 to their birth and   
quality1 #gje;and will not descend to   

their present fortunes4 ,oftentimes1    
too1 to aggravate the rest1 concur many 
other inconveniences1 unthankful        
friends1 decayed friends1 bad           
neighbours1 negligent servants #gjfservi
 furaces1 ,versipelles1 callidi1 occlusa
 sibi mille clavibus reserant1          
furtimque2 raptant1 consumunt1          
liguriunt2 casualties1 taxes1 mulcts1   
chargeable offices1 vain expenses1      
entertainments1 loss of stock1 enmities1
 emulations1 frequent invitations1      
losses1 suretyship1 sickness1 death of  
friends1 and that which is the gulf of  
all1 improvidence1 ill husbandry1       
disorder and confusion1 by which means  
they are drenched on a sudden in their  
estates1 and at unawares precipitated   
insensibly into an inextricable         
labyrinth of debts1 cares1 woes1 want1  
grief1 discontent and melancholy itself4
 ,i have done with families1 and will   
now briefly run over some few sorts and 
conditions of men4 ,the most secure1    
happy1 jovial1 and merry in the world's 

esteem are princes and great men1 free  
from melancholy3 but for their cares1   
miseries1 suspicions1 jealousies1       
discontents1 folly and madness1 ,i refer
 you to ,xenophon's ,tyrannus1 where    
king ,hieron discourseth at large with  
,simonides the poet1 of this subject4   
,of all others they are most troubled   
with perpetual fears1 anxieties1        
insomuch1 that as he said in            
#gjg,valerius1 if thou knewest with what
 cares and miseries this robe were      
stuffed1 thou wouldst not stoop to take 
it up4 ,or put case they be secure and  
free from fears and discontents1 yet    
they are void #gjhof reason too oft1 and
 precipitate in their actions1 read all 
our histories1 quos de stultis prodidere
 stulti1 ,iliades1 ,aeneides1 ,annales1 
and what is the subject8 ,stultorum     
regum1 et populorum continet aestus4    
,the giddy tumults and the foolish rage 
,of kings and people4  ,how mad they    
are1 how furious1 and upon small        
occasions1 rash and inconsiderate in    

their proceedings1 how they dote1 every 
page almost will witness1 ------delirant
 reges1 plectuntur ,achivi4  ,when      
doting monarchs urge ,unsound resolves1 
their subjects feel the scourge4  ,next 
in place1 next in miseries and          
discontents1 in all manner of hair-brain
 actions1 are great men1 procul a ,jove1
 procul a fulmine1 the nearer the worse4
 ,if they live in court1 they are up and
 down1 ebb and flow with their princes' 
favours1 ,ingenium vultu statque        
caditque suo1 now aloft1 tomorrow down1 
as #gji,polybius describes them1 like so
 many casting counters1 now of gold1    
tomorrow of silver1 that vary in worth  
as the computant will2 now they stand   
for units1 tomorrow for thousands2 now  
before all1 and anon behind4 ,beside1   
they torment one another with mutual    
factions1 emulations3 one is ambitious1 
another enamoured1 a third in debt1 a   
prodigal1 overruns his fortunes1 a      
fourth solicitous with cares1 gets      
nothing1 c4 ,but for these men's        

discontents1 anxieties1 ,i refer you to 
,lucian's ,tract1 de mercede conductis1 
#gaj;,aeneas ,sylvius 7libidinis et     
stultitiae servos1 he calls them71      
,agrippa1 and many others4 ,of          
philosophers and scholars priscae       
sapientiae dictatores1 ,i have already  
spoken in general terms1 those          
superintendents of wit and learning1 men
 above men1 those refined men1 minions  
of the muses1 #gaa------mentemque habere
 queis bonam ,et esse #gab;corculis     
datum est4------  #gac,these acute and  
subtle sophisters1 so much honoured1    
have as much need of hellebore as       
others4--#gad,o medici mediam pertundite
 venam4 ,read ,lucian's ,piscator1 and  
tell how he esteemed them2 ,agrippa's   
,tract of the vanity of ,sciences2 nay  
read their own works1 their absurd      
tenets1 prodigious paradoxes1 et risum  
teneatis amici8 ,you shall find that of 
,aristotle true1 nullum magnum ingenium 
sine mixtura dementiae1 they have a worm
 as well as others2 you shall find a    

fantastical strain1 a fustian1 a        
bombast1 a vainglorious humour1 an      
affected style1 c41 like a prominent    
thread in an uneven woven cloth1 run    
parallel throughout their works4 ,and   
they that teach wisdom1 patience1       
meekness1 are the veriest dizzards1     
harebrains1 and most discontent4        
#gae;,in the multitude of wisdom is     
grief1 and he that increaseth wisdom1   
increaseth sorrow4 ,i need not quote    
mine author2 they that laugh and contemn
 others1 condemn the world of folly1    
deserve to be mocked1 are as            
giddy-headed1 and lie as open as any    
other4 #gaf;,democritus1 that common    
flouter of folly1 was ridiculous        
himself1 barking ,menippus1 scoffing    
,lucian1 satirical ,lucilius1           
,petronius1 ,varro1 ,persius1 c41 may be
 censured with the rest1 ,loripedem     
rectus derideat1 ,aethiopem albus4      
,bale1 ,erasmus1 ,hospinian1 ,vives1    
,kemnisius1 explode as a vast ocean of  
obs and sols1 school divinity4 #gag;,a  

labyrinth of intricable questions1      
unprofitable contentions1 incredibilem  
delirationem1 one calls it4 ,if school  
divinity be so censured1 subtilis       
#gah,scotus lima veritatis1 ,occam      
irrefragabilis1 cujus ingenium vetera   
omnia ingenia subvertit1 c4             
,baconthrope1 ,dr4 ,resolutus1 and      
,corculum ,theolgiae1 ,thomas himself1  
,doctor #gai,seraphicus1 cui dictavit   
,angelus1 c4 ,what shall become of      
humanity8 ,ars stulta1 what can she     
plead8 what can her followers say for   
themselves8 ,much learning1 #gbj        
cere-diminuit-brum1 hath cracked their  
sconce1 and taken such root1 that tribus
 ,anticyris caput insanabile1 hellebore 
itself can do no good1 nor that renowned
 #gbalantern of ,epictetus1 by which if 
any man studied1 he should be as wise as
 he was4 ,but all will not serve2       
rhetoricians1 in ostentationem          
loquacitatis multa agitant1 out of their
 volubility of tongue1 will talk much to
 no purpose1 orators can persuade other 

men what they will1 quo volunt1 unde    
volunt1 move1 pacify1 c41 but cannot    
settle their own brains1 what saith     
,tully8 ,malo indisertam prudentiam1    
quam loquacem1 stultitiam2 and as       
#gbb,seneca seconds him1 a wise man's   
oration should not be polite or         
solicitous4 #gbc;,fabius esteems no     
better of most of them1 either in       
speech1 action1 gesture1 than as men    
beside themselves1 insanos declamatores2
 so doth ,gregory1 ,non mihi sapit qui  
sermone1 sed qui factis sapit4 ,make the
 best of him1 a good orator is a        
turncoat1 an evil man1 bonus orator     
pessimus vir1 his tongue is set to sale1
 he is a mere voice1 as #gbd;he said of 
a nightingale1 dat sine mente sonum1 an 
hyperbolical liar1 a flatterer1 a       
parasite1 and as #gbe ,ammianus         
,marcellinus will1 a corrupting cozener1
 one that doth more mischief by his fair
 speeches1 than he that bribes by money2
 for a man may with more facility avoid 
him that circumvents by money1 than him 

that deceives with glozing terms2 which 
made #gbf,socrates so much abhor and    
explode them4 #gbg;,fracastorius1 a     
famous poet1 freely grants all poets to 
be mad2 so doth #gbh,scaliger2 and who  
doth not8 ,aut insanit homo1 aut versus 
facit 7,he's mad or making verses71     
,hor4 ,sat4 vii4 l4 #b4 ,insanire lubet1
 i4 versus componere4 ,virg4 #c ,ecl42  
so ,servius interprets it1 all poets are
 mad1 a company of bitter satirists1    
detractors1 or else parasitical         
applauders3 and what is poetry itself1  
but as ,austin holds1 ,vinum erroris ab 
ebriis doctoribus propinatum8 ,you may  
give that censure of them in general1   
which ,sir ,thomas ,more once did of    
,germanus ,brixius' poems in particular4
 ------vehuntur ,in rate stultitiae     
sylvam habitant ,furiae4#gbi  ,budaeus1 
in an epistle of his to ,lupsetus1 will 
have civil law to be the tower of       
wisdom2 another honours physic1 the     
quintessence of nature2 a third tumbles 
them both down1 and sets up the flag of 

his own peculiar science4 ,your         
supercilious critics1 grammatical       
triflers1 note-makers1 curious          
antiquaries1 find out all the ruins of  
wit1 ineptiarum delicias1 amongst the   
rubbish of old writers2 #gcj,pro stultis
 habent nisi aliquid sufficiant         
invenire1 quod in aliorum scriptis      
vertant vitio1 all fools with them that 
cannot find fault2 they correct others1 
and are hot in a cold cause1 puzzle     
themselves to find out how many streets 
in ,rome1 houses1 gates1 towers1        
,homer's country1 ,aeneas's mother1     
,niobe's daughters1 an ,sappho publica  
fuerit8 ovum #gcaprius extiterit an     
gallina6 c4 et alia quae dediscenda     
essent scire1 si scires1 as #gcb,seneca 
holds4 ,what clothes the senators did   
wear in ,rome1 what shoes1 how they sat1
 where they went to the close-stool1 how
 many dishes in a mess1 what sauce1     
which for the present for an historian  
to relate1 #gcc;according to ,lodovic4  
,vives1 is very ridiculous1 is to them  

most precious elaborate stuff1 they     
admired for it1 and as proud1 as        
triumphant in the meantime for this     
discovery1 as if they had won a city1 or
 conquered a province2 as rich as if    
they had found a mine of gold ore4      
,quosvis auctores absurdis commentis    
suis percacant et stercorant1 one saith1
 they bewray and daub a company of books
 and good authors1 with their absurd    
comments1 correctorum sterquilinia      
#gcd,scaliger calls them1 and show their
 wit in censuring others1 a company of  
foolish note-makers1 humble-bees1 dors1 
or beetles1 inter stercora ut plurimum  
versantur1 they rake over all those     
rubbish and dunghills1 and prefer a     
manuscript many times before the ,gospel
 itself1 #gcethesaurum criticum1 before 
any treasure1 and with their deleaturs1 
alii legunt sic1 meus codex sic habet1  
with their postremae editiones1         
annotations1 castigations1 c4 make books
 dear1 themselves ridiculous1 and do    
nobody good1 yet if any man dare oppose 

or contradict1 they are mad1 up in arms 
on a sudden1 how many sheets are written
 in defence1 how bitter invectives1 what
 apologies8 #gcf;,epiphilledes hae sunt 
ut merae1 nugae4 ,but ,i dare say no    
more of1 for1 with1 or against them1    
because ,i am liable to their lash as   
well as others4 ,of these and the rest  
of our artists and philosophers1 ,i will
 generally conclude they are a kind of  
madmen1 as #gcg ,seneca esteems of them1
 to make doubts and scruples1 how to    
read them truly1 to mend old authors1   
but will not mend their own lives1 or   
teach us ingevia sanare1 memoriam       
officiorum ingerere1 ac fidem in rebus  
humanis retinere1 to keep our wits in   
order1 or rectify our manners4 ,numquid 
tibi demens videtur1 si istis operam    
impenderit8 ,is not he mad that draws   
lines with ,archimedes1 whilst his house
 is ransacked1 and his city besieged1   
when the whole world is in combustion1  
or we whilst our souls are in danger1   
7mors sequitur1 vita fugit7 to spend our

 time in toys1 idle questions1 and      
things of no worth8 ,that #gchlovers are
 mad1 ,i think no man will deny1 ,amare 
simul et sapere1 ipsi ,jovi non datur1  
,jupiter himself cannot intend both at  
once4 #gci,non bene conveniunt1 nec in  
una sede morantur ,majestas et amor4    
,tully1 when he was invited to a second 
marriage1 replied1 he could not simul   
amare et sapere be wise and love both   
together4 #gdj;,est orcus ille1 vis est 
immedicabilis1 est rabies insana1 love  
is madness1 a hell1 an incurable        
disease2 inpotentem et insanam libidinem
 #gda,seneca calls it1 an impotent and  
raging lust4 ,i shall dilate this       
subject apart2 in the meantime let      
lovers sigh out the rest4 #gdb,nevisanus
 the lawyer holds it for an axiom1 most 
women are fools1 #gdc;consilium foeminis
 invalidum2 ,seneca1 men1 be they young 
or old2 who doubts it1 youth is mad as  
,elius in ,tully1 ,stulti adolescentuli1
 old age little better1 deleri senes1 c4
 ,theophrastes1 in the #ajgth year of   

his age1 #gddsaid he then began to be to
 wise1 tum sapere coepit1 and therefore 
lamented his departure4 ,if wisdom come 
so late1 where shall we find a wise man8
 ,our old ones dote at                  
threescore-and-ten4 ,i would cite more  
proofs1 and a better author1 but for the
 present1 let one fool point at another4
 #gde,nevisanus hath as hard an opinion 
of #gdfrich men1 wealth and wisdom      
cannot dwell together1 stultitiam       
patiuntur opes1 #gdg;and they do        
commonly #gdh;infatuare cor hominis1    
besot men2 and as we see it1 fools have 
fortune3 #gdi,sapientia non invenitur in
 terra suaviter viventium4 ,for beside a
 natural contempt of learning1 which    
accompanies such kind of men1 innate    
idleness 7for they will take no pains71 
and which #gej;,aristotle observes1 ubi 
mens plurima1 ibi minima fortuna1 ubi   
plurima fortuna1 ibi mens perexigua1    
great wealth and little wit go commonly 
together3 they have as much brains some 
of them in their heads as in their      

heels2 besides this inbred neglect of   
liberal sciences1 and all arts1 which   
should excolere mentem1 polish the mind1
 they have most part some gullish humour
 or other1 by which they are led2 one is
 an ,epicure1 an ,atheist1 a second a   
gamester1 a third a whoremaster 7fit    
subjects all for a satirist to work     
upon72 #gea;,hic nuptarum insanit       
amoribus1 hic puerorum4  ,one burns to  
madness for the wedded dame2 ,unnatural 
lusts another's heart inflame4  #gebone 
is mad of hawking1 hunting1 cocking2    
another of carousing1 horse-riding1     
spending2 a fourth of building1         
fighting1 c41 ,insanit veteres statuas  
,damasippus emendo1 ,damasippus hath an 
humour of his own1 to be talked of3     
#gec;,heliodorus the ,carthaginian      
another4 ,in a word1 as ,scaliger       
concludes of them all1 they are ,statuae
 erectae stultitiae1 the very statutes  
or pillars of folly4 ,choose out of all 
stories him that hath been most admired1
 you shall still find1 multa ad laudem1 

multa ad vituperationem magnifica1 as   
#ged;,berosus of ,semiramis2 omnes      
mortales militia triumphis1 divitiis1   
c41 tum et luxu1 caede1 caeterisque     
vitiis antecessit1 as she had some good1
 so had she many bad parts4 ,alexander1 
a worthy man1 but furious in his anger1 
overtaken in drink3 ,caesar and ,scipio 
valiant and wise1 but vainglorious1     
ambitious3 ,vespasian a worthy prince1  
but covetous3 #gee;,hannibal1 as he had 
mighty virtues1 so had he many vices2   
unam virtutem mille vitia comitantur1 as
 ,machiavel of ,cosmo de ,medici1 he had
 two distinct persons in him4 ,i will   
determine of them all1 they are like    
these double or turning pictures2 stand 
before which you see a fair maid1 on the
 one side an ape1 on the other an owl2  
look upon them at the first sight1 all  
is well1 but farther examine1 you shall 
find them wise on the one side1 and     
fools on the other2 in some few things  
praiseworthy1 in the rest incomparably  
faulty4 ,i will say nothing of their    

diseases1 emulations1 discontents1      
wants1 and such miseries3 let poverty   
plead the rest in ,aristophanes'        
,plutus4 ,covetous men1 amongst others1 
are most mad1 #gefthey have all the     
symptoms of melancholy1 fear1 sadness1  
suspicion1 c41 as shall be proved in its
 proper place1 ,danda est ,hellebori    
multo pars maxima avaris4  ,misers make 
,anticyra their own2 ,its hellebore     
reserved for them alone4  ,and yet      
methinks prodigals are much madder than 
they1 be of what condition they will1   
that bear a public or private purse2 as 
a #geg;,dutch writer censured ,richard  
the rich duke of ,cornwall1 suing to be 
emperor1 for his profuse spending1 qui  
effudit pecuniam1 ante pedes principium 
,electorum sicut aquam1 that scattered  
money like water2 ,i do censure them1   
,stulta ,anglia 7saith he7 quae1 tot    
denariis sponte est privata1 stulti     
principes ,alemaniae1 qui nobile jus    
suum pro pecunia vendiderunt2           
spendthrifts1 bribers1 and bribe-takers 

are fools1 and so are #geh;all they that
 cannot keep1 disburse1 or spend their  
moneys well4 ,i might say the like of   
angry1 peevish1 envious1 ambitious2 #gei
 ,anticyras melior sorbere meracas2     
,epicures1 ,atheists1 ,schismatics1     
,heretics2 hi omnes habent imaginationem
 laesam 7saith ,nymannus7 and their     
madness shall be evident1 #b ,tim4 iii4 
#i4 #gfj;,fabatus1 an ,italian1 holds   
seafaring men all mad2 the ship is mad1 
for it never stands still2 the mariners 
are mad1 to expose themselves to such   
imminent dangers3 the waters are raging 
mad1 in perpetual motion3 the winds are 
as mad as the rest1 they know not whence
 they come1 whither they would go3 and  
those men are maddest of all that go to 
sea2 for one fool at home1 they find    
forty abroad4 ,he was a madman that said
 it1 and thou peradventure as mad to    
read it4 #gfa ,felix ,platerus is of    
opinion all alchemists are mad1 out of  
their wits2 #gfb;,atheneus saith as much
 of fiddlers1 et musarum luscinias1 #gfc

 ,musicians1 omnes tibicines insaniunt1 
ubi semel efflant1 avolat illico mens1  
in comes music at one ear1 out goes wit 
at another4 ,proud and vainglorious     
persons are certainly mad2 and so are   
#gfdlascivious2 ,i can feel their pulses
 beat hither2 horn-mad some of them1 to 
let others lie with their wives1 and    
wink at it4 ,to insist #gfe;in all      
particulars1 were an ,herculean task1 to
 #gffreckon up #gfg;insanas             
substructiones1 insanos labores1 insanum
 luxum1 mad labours1 mad books1         
endeavours1 carriages1 gross ignorance1 
ridiculous actions1 absurd gestures2    
insanam gulam1 insaniam villarum1 insana
 jurgia1 as ,tully terms them1 madness  
of villages1 stupend structures2 as     
those ,egyptian ,pyramids1 ,labyrinths  
and ,sphinxes1 which a company of       
crowned asses1 ad ostentationem opum1   
vainly built1 when neither the architect
 nor king that made them1 or to what use
 and purpose1 are yet known3 to insist  
in their hypocrisy1 inconstancy1        

blindness1 rashness1 dementem           
temeritatem1 fraud1 cozenage1 malice1   
anger1 impudence1 ingratitude1 ambition1
 gross superstition1 #gfhtempora infecta
 et adulatione sordida1 as in ,tiberius'
 times1 such base flattery1 stupend1    
parasitical fawning and colloguing1 c4  
brawls1 conflicts1 desires1 contentions1
 it would ask an expert ,vesalius to    
anatomise every member4 ,shall ,i say8  
,jupiter himself1 ,apollo1 ,mars1 c4    
doted2 and monster-conquering ,hercules 
that subdued the world1 and helped      
others1 could not relieve himself in    
this1 but mad he was at last4 ,and where
 shall a man walk1 converse with whom1  
in what province1 city1 and not meet    
with ,signior ,deliro1 or ,hercules     
,furens1 ,maenads1 and ,corybantes8     
,their speeches say no less4 #gfi;,e    
fungis nati homines1 or else they       
fetched their pedigree from those that  
were struck by ,samson with the jaw-bone
 of an ass4 ,or from ,deucalion and     
,pyrrha's stones1 for durum genus sumus1

 #ggj marmorei sumus1 we are            
stony-hearted1 and savour too much of   
the stock1 as if they had all heard that
 enchanted horn of ,astolpho1 that      
,english duke in ,ariosto1 which never  
sounded but all his auditors were mad1  
and for fear ready to make away with    
themselves2 #ggaor landed in the mad    
haven in the ,euxine sea of ,daphnis    
insana1 which had a secret quality to   
dementate2 they are a company of        
giddy-heads1 afternoon men1 it is       
,midsummer moon still1 and the dog-days 
last all the year long1 they are all    
mad4 ,whom shall ,i then except8        
,ulricus ,huttenus #ggbnemo1 nam1 nemo  
omnibus horis sapit1 ,nemo nascitur sine
 vitiis1 ,crimine ,nemo caret1 ,nemo    
sorte sua vivit contentus1 ,nemo in     
amore sapit1 ,nemo bonus1 ,nemo sapiens1
 ,nemo1 est ex omni parti beatus1 c4    
#ggc;and therefore ,nicholas ,nemo1 or  
,monsieur ,nobody shall go free1 ,quid  
valeat nemo1 ,nemo referre potest8 ,but 
whom shall ,i except in the second      

place8 such as are silent1 vir sapit qui
 pauca loquitur2 #ggdno better way to   
avoid folly and madness1 than by        
taciturnity4 ,whom in a third8 all      
senators1 magistrates2 for all fortunate
 men are wise1 and conquerors valiant1  
and so are all great men1 non est bonum 
ludere cum diis1 they are wise by       
authority1 good by their office and     
place1 his licet impune pessimos esse1  
7some say7 we must not speak of them1   
neither is it fit2 per me sint omnia    
protinus alba1 ,i will not think amiss  
of them4 ,whom next8 ,stoics8 ,sapiens  
,stoicus1 and he alone is subject to no 
perturbations1 as #gge,plutarch scoffs  
at him1 he is not vexed with torments1  
or burnt with fire1 foiled by his       
adversary1 sold of his enemy3 though he 
be wrinkled1 sand-blind1 toothless1 and 
deformed2 yet he is most beautiful1 and 
like a god1 a king in conceit1 though   
not worth a groat4 ,he never dotes1     
never mad1 never sad1 drunk1 because    
virtue cannot be taken away1 as         

#ggf,zeno holds1 by reason of strong    
apprehension1 but he was mad to say so4 
#ggg;,anticyrae caelo huic est opus aut 
dolabra1 he had need to be bored1 and so
 had all his fellows1 as wise as they   
would seem to be4 ,chrysippus himself   
liberally grants them to be fools as    
well as others1 at certain times1 upon  
some occasions1 amitti virtutem ait per 
ebrietatem1 aut atribilarium morbum1 it 
may be lost by drunkenness or           
melancholy1 he may be sometimes crazed  
as well as the rest3 #ggh;ad summum     
sapiens nisi quum pituita molesta4 ,i   
should here except some ,cynics1        
,menippus1 ,diogenes1 that ,theban      
,crates2 or to descend to these times1  
that omniscious1 only wise fraternity   
#ggiof the ,rosicrucians1 those great   
theologues1 politicians1 philosophers1  
physicians1 philologers1 artists1 c4 of 
whom ,s4 ,bridget1 ,albas ,joacchimus1  
,leicenbergius1 and such divine spirits 
have prophesied1 and made promise to the
 world1 if at least there be any such   

7,hen4 #ghj,neuhusius makes a doubt of  
it1 #gha ,valentinus ,andreas and       
others7 or an ,elias artifex their      
,theophrastian master2 whom though      
,libavius and many deride and carp at1  
yet some will have to be the #ghbrenewer
 of all arts and sciences1 reformer of  
the world1 and now living1 for so       
,johannes ,montanus ,strigoniensis1 that
 great patron of ,paracelsus1 contends1 
and certainly avers #ghc;a most divine  
man1 and the quintessence of wisdom     
wheresoever he is2 for he1 his          
fraternity1 friends1 c4 are all         
#ghd;betrothed to wisdom1 if we may     
believe their disciples and followers4  
,i must needs except ,lipsius and the   
,pope1 and expunge their name out of the
 catalogue of fools4 ,for besides that  
parasitical testimony of ,dousa1 ,a     
,sole exoriente ,maeotidas usque        
paludes1 ,nemo est qui justo se         
aequiparare queat4#ghe  ,lipsius saith  
of himself1 that he was #ghf;humani     
generis quidem paedagogus voce et stylo1

 a grand signior1 a master1 a tutor of  
us all1 and for thirteen years he brags 
how he sowed wisdom in the ,low         
,countries1 as ,ammonius the philosopher
 sometimes did in ,alexandria1 #ghg;cum 
humanitate literas et sapientiam cum    
prudentia3 antistes sapientiae1 he shall
 be ,sapientum ,octavus4 ,the ,pope is  
more than a man1 as #ghh;his parrots    
often make him1 a demigod1 and besides  
his holiness cannot err1 in ,cathedra   
belike3 and yet some of them have been  
magicians1 ,heretics1 ,atheists1        
children1 and as ,platina saith of ,john
 #bb1 ,et si vir literatus1 multa       
stoliditatem et laevitatem prae se      
ferentia egit1 stolidi et socordis vir  
ingenii1 a scholar sufficient1 yet many 
things he did foolishly1 lightly4 ,i can
 say no more than in particular1 but in 
general terms to the rest1 they are all 
mad1 their wits are evaporated1 and1 as 
,ariosto feigns1 l4 #cd1 kept in jars   
above the moon4 ,some lose their wits   
with love1 some with ambition1 ,some    

following #ghi,lords and men of high    
condition4 ,some in fair jewels rich and
 costly set1 ,others in ,poetry their   
wits forget4 ,another thinks to be an   
,alchemist1 ,till all be spent1 and that
 his number's mist4  ,convicted fools   
they are1 madmen upon record2 and ,i am 
afraid past cure many of them1          
#gij;crepunt inguina1 the symptoms are  
manifest1 they are all of ,gotam parish3
 #gia,quum furor haud dubius1 quum sit  
manifesta phrenesis1  ,since madness is 
indisputable1 since frenzy is obvious4  
what remains then #gib;but to send for  
,lorarios1 those officers to carry them 
all together for company to ,bedlam1 and
 set ,rabelais to be their physician4   
,if any man shall ask in the meantime1  
who ,i am that so boldly censure others1
 tu nullane habes vitia8 have ,i no     
faults8 #gic,yes1 more than thou hast1  
whatsoever thou art4 ,nos numerus sumus1
 ,i confess it again1 ,i am as foolish1 
as mad as any one4 #gid;,insanus vobis  
videor1 non deprecor ipse1 ,quo minus   

insanus1------  ,i do not deny it1      
demens de populo dematur4 ,my comfort   
is1 ,i have more fellows1 and those of  
excellent note4 ,and though ,i be not so
 right or so discreet as ,i should be1  
yet not so mad1 so bad neither1 as thou 
perhaps takest me to be4 ,to conclude1  
this being granted1 that all the world  
is melancholy1 or mad1 dotes1 and every 
member of it1 ,i have ended my task1 and
 sufficiently illustrated that which ,i 
took upon me to demonstrate at first4   
,at this present ,i have no more to say2
 ,his sanam mentem ,democritus1 ,i can  
but wish myself and them a good         
physician1 and all of us a better mind4 
,and although for the above-named       
reasons1 ,i had a just cause to         
undertake this subject1 to point at     
these particular species of dotage1 that
 so men might acknowledge their         
imperfections1 and seek to reform what  
is amiss2 yet ,i have a more serious    
intent at this time2 and to omit all    
impertinent digressions1 to say no more 

of such as are improperly melancholy1 or
 metaphorically mad1 lightly mad1 or in 
disposition1 as stupid1 angry1 drunken1 
silly1 sottish1 sullen1 proud1          
vainglorious1 ridiculous1 beastly1      
peevish1 obstinate1 impudent1           
extravagant1 dry1 doting1 dull1         
desperate1 harebrain1 c4 mad1 frantic1  
foolish1 heteroclites1 which no new #gie
 hospital can hold1 no physic help2 my  
purpose and endeavour is1 in the        
following discourse to anatomise this   
humour of melancholy1 through all its   
parts and species1 as it is an habit1 or
 an ordinary disease1 and that          
philosophically1 medicinally1 to show   
the causes1 symptoms1 and several cures 
of it1 that it may be the better        
avoided4 ,moved thereunto for the       
generality of it1 and to do good1 it    
being a disease so frequent1 as #gif    
,mercurialis observes1 in these our     
days2 so often happening1 saith #gig    
,laurentius1 in our miserable times1 as 
few there are that feel not the smart of

 it4 ,of the same mind is ,aelian       
,montaltus1 #gih,melancthon1 and others2
 #gii;,julius ,caesar ,claudinus calls  
it the fountain of all other diseases1  
and so common in this crazed age of     
ours1 that scarce one of a thousand is  
free from it2 and that splenetic        
hypochondriacal wind especially1 which  
proceeds from the spleen and short ribs4
 ,being then a disease so grievous1 so  
common1 ,i know not wherein to do a more
 general service1 and spend my time     
better1 than to prescribe means how to  
prevent and cure so universal a malady1 
an epidemical disease1 that so often1 so
 much crucifies the body and mind4 ,if  
,i have overshot myself in this which   
hath been hitherto said1 or that it is1 
which ,i am sure some will object1 too  
fantastical1 too light and comical for a
 ,divine1 too satirical for one of my   
profession1 ,i will presume to answer   
with #hjj;,erasmus1 in like case1 'tis  
not ,i1 but ,democritus1 ,democritus    
dixit3 you must consider what it is to  

speak in one's own or another's person1 
an assumed habit and name2 a difference 
betwixt him that affects or acts a      
prince's1 a philosopher's1 a            
magistrate's1 a fool's part1 and him    
that is so indeed2 and what liberty     
those old satirists have had2 it is a   
cento collected from others2 not ,i1 but
 they that say it4 #hja;,dixero si quid 
forte jocosius1 hoc mihi juris ,cum     
venia1 dabis------  ,yet some indulgence
 ,i may justly claim1 ,if too familiar  
with another's fame4  ,take heed you    
mistake me not4 ,if ,i do a little      
forget myself1 ,i hope you will pardon  
it4 ,and to say truth1 why should any   
man be offended1 or take exceptions at  
it8 ,licuit1 semperque licebit1 ,parcere
 personis1 dicere de vitiis4  ,it lawful
 was of old1 and still will be1 ,to     
speak of vice1 but let the name go free4
  ,i hate their vices1 not their        
persons4 ,if any be displeased1 or take 
aught unto himself1 let him not         
expostulate or cavil with him that said 

it 7so did #hjb;,erasmus excuse himself 
to ,dorpius1 si parva licet componere   
magnis7 and so do ,i2 but let him be    
angry with himself1 that so betrayed and
 opened his own faults in applying it to
 himself3 #hjc;if he be guilty and      
deserve it1 let him amend1 whoever he   
is1 and not be angry4 ,he that hateth   
correction is a fool1 ,prov4 xii4 #a4   
,if he be not guilty1 it concerns him   
not2 it is not my freeness of speech1   
but a guilty conscience1 a galled back  
of his own that makes him wince4        
,suspicione si quis errabit sua1 ,et    
rapiet ad se1 quod erit commune omnium1 
,stulte nudabit animi conscientiam4#hjd 
,i deny not this which ,i have said     
savours a little of ,democritus2 #hje   
,quamvis ridentem dicere verum quid     
velat2 one may speak in jest1 and yet   
speak truth4 ,it is somewhat tart1 ,i   
grant it2 acriora orexim excitant       
embammata1 as he said1 sharp sauces     
increase appetite1 #hjfnec cibus ipse   
juvat morsu fraudatus aceti4 ,object    

then and cavil what thou wilt1 ,i ward  
all with #hjg;,democritus's buckler1 his
 medicine shall salve it2 strike where  
thou wilt1 and when3 ,democritus dixit1 
,democritus will answer it4 ,it was     
written by an idle fellow1 at idle      
times1 about our ,saturnalian or        
,dionysian feasts1 when as he said1     
nullum libertati periculum est1 servants
 in old ,rome had liberty to say and do 
what them list4 ,when our countrymen    
sacrificed to their goddess #hjh,vacuna1
 and sat tippling by their ,vacunal     
fires4 ,i writ this1 and published this 
1 it is neminis nihil4 ,the time1 place1
 persons1 and all circumstances         
apologise for me1 and why may not ,i    
then be idle with others8 speak my mind 
freely8 ,if you deny me this liberty1   
upon these presumptions ,i will take it3
 ,i say again1 ,i will take it4 #hji,si 
quis est qui dictum in se inclementius  
,existimavit esse1 sic existimet4  ,if  
any man take exceptions1 let him turn   
the buckle of his girdle1 ,i care not4  

,i owe thee nothing 7,reader71 ,i look  
for no favour at thy hands1 ,i am       
independent1 ,i fear not4 ,no1 ,i       
recant1 ,i will not1 ,i care1 ,i fear1  
,i confess my fault1 acknowledge a great
 offence1 ------motos praestat componere
 fluctus4  ------let's first assuage the
 troubled waves  ,i have overshot       
myself1 ,i have spoken foolishly1       
rashly1 unadvisedly1 absurdly1 ,i have  
anatomised mine own folly4 ,and now     
methinks upon a sudden ,i am awaked as  
it were out of a dream2 ,i have had a   
raving fit1 a fantastical fit1 ranged up
 and down1 in and out1 ,i have insulted 
over the most kind of men1 abused some1 
offended others1 wronged myself2 and now
 being recovered1 and perceiving mine   
error1 cry with #haj,orlando1 ,solvite  
me1 pardon 7o boni7 that which is past1 
and ,i will make you amends in that     
which is to come2 ,i promise you a more 
sober discourse in my following         
treatise4 ,if through weakness1 folly1  
passion1 #haa;discontent1 ignorance1 ,i 

have said amiss1 let it be forgotten and
 forgiven4 ,i acknowledge that of #hab  
,tacitus to be true1 ,asperae facetiae1 
ubi nimis ex vero traxere1 acrem sui    
memoriam relinquunt1 a bitter jest      
leaves a sting behind it3 and as an     
honourable man observes1 #hac,they fear 
a satirist's wit1 he their memories4 ,i 
may justly suspect the worst2 and though
 ,i hope ,i have wronged no man1 yet in 
,medea's words ,i will crave pardon1    
------,illud jam voce extrema peto1 ,ne 
si qua noster dubius effudit dolor1     
,maneant in animo verba1 sed melior tibi
 ,memoria nostri subeat1 haec irae data 
,obliterentur------  ,and in my last    
words this ,i do desire1 ,that what in  
passion ,i have said1 or ire1 ,may be   
forgotten1 and a better mind1 ,be had of
 us1 hereafter as you find4  ,i         
earnestly request every private man1 as 
,scaliger did ,cardan1 not to take      
offence4 ,i will conclude in his lines1 
,si me cognitum haberes1 non solum      
donares nobis has facetias nostras1 sed 

etiam indignum duceres1 tam humanum     
aninum1 lene ingenium1 vel minimam      
suspicionem deprecari oportere4 ,if thou
 knewest my #hadmodesty and simplicity1 
thou wouldst easily pardon and forgive  
what is here amiss1 or by thee          
misconceived4 ,if hereafter anatomizing 
this surly humour1 my hand slip1 as an  
unskilful 'prentice ,i lance too deep1  
and cut through skin and all at         
unawares1 make it smart1 or cut awry1   
#haepardon a rude hand1 an unskilful    
knife1 'tis a most difficult thing to   
keep an even tone1 a perpetual tenor1   
and not sometimes to lash out2 difficile
 est ,satyram non scribere1 there be so 
many objects to divert1 inward          
perturbations to molest1 and the very   
best may sometimes err2 aliquando bonus 
dormitat ,homerus 7some times that      
excellent ,homer takes a nap71 it is    
impossible not in so much to            
overshoot2--opere in longo fas est      
obrepere1 summum4 ,but what needs all   
this8 ,i hope there will no such cause  

of offence be given2 if there be1       
#haf,nemo aliquid recognoscat1 nos      
mentimur omnia4 ,i'll deny all 7my last 
refuge71 recant all1 renounce all ,i    
have said1 if any man except1 and with  
as much facility excuse1 as he can      
accuse2 but ,i presume of thy good      
favour1 and gracious acceptance 7gentle 
reader74 ,out of an assured hope and    
confidence thereof1 ,i will begin4      
,,lectori ,,male ,,feriato4 ,tu vero    
cavesis edico quisquis es1 ne temere    
sugilles ,auctorem hujusce operis1 aut  
cavillator irrideas4 ,imo ne vel ex     
aliorum censura tacite obloquaris 7vis  
dicam verbo7 nequid nasutulus inepte    
improbes1 aut falso fingas4 ,nam si     
talis revera sit1 qualem prae se fert   
,junior ,democritus1 seniori ,democrito 
saltem affinis1 aut ejus ,genium vel    
tantillum sapiat2 actum de te1 censorem 
aeque ac delatorem #hag;aget econtra    
7petulanti splene cum sit7 sufflabit te 
in jocos1 comminuet in sales1 addo      
etiam1 et deo risui te sacrificabit4    

,iterum moneo1 ne quid cavillere1 ne dum
 ,democritum ,juniorem conviciis        
infames1 aut ignominiose vituperes1 de  
te non male sentientem1 tu idem audias  
ab amico cordato1 quod olim vulgus      
,abderitanum ab #hah ,hippocrate1       
concivem bene meritum et popularem suum 
,democritum1 pro insano habens4 ,ne tu  
,democrite sapis1 stulti autem et insani
 ,abderitae4 #hai;,abderitanae pectora  
plebis habes4  ,haec te paucis admonitum
 volo 7male feriate ,lector7 abi4 ,,to  
,,the ,,reader ,,at ,,leisure4 ,whoever 
you may be1 ,i caution you against      
rashly defaming the author of this work1
 or cavilling in jest against him4 ,nay1
 do not silently reproach him in        
consequence of others' censure1 nor     
employ your wit in foolish disapproval1 
or false accusation4 ,for1 should       
,democritus ,junior prove to be what he 
professes1 even a kinsman of his elder  
namesake1 or be ever so little of the   
same kidney1 it is all over with you3 he
 will become both accuser and judge of  

you in your spleen1 will dissipate you  
in jests1 pulverise you into salt1 and  
sacrifice you1 ,i can promise you1 to   
the ,god of ,mirth4 ,i further advise   
you1 not to asperse1 or calumniate1 or  
slander1 ,democritus ,junior1 who       
possibly does not think ill of you1 lest
 you may hear from some discreet friend1
 the same remark the people of ,abdera  
did from ,hippocrates1 of their         
meritorious and popular fellow-citizen1 
whom they had looked on as a madman2 ,it
 is not that you1 ,democritus1 that art 
wise1 but that the people of ,abdera are
 fools and madmen4 ,you have yourself an
 ,abderitian soul2 and having just given
 you1 gentle reader1 these few words of 
admonition1 farewell4  ,heraclite fleas1
 misero sic convenit aevo1 ,nil nisi    
turpe vides1 nil nisi triste vides4     
,ride etiam1 quantumque lubet1          
,democrite ride ,non nisi vana vides1   
non nisi stulta vides4  ,is fletu1 his  
risu modo gaudeat1 unus utrique ,sit    
licet usque labor1 sit licet usque      

dolor4  ,nunc opes est 7nam totus eheu  
jam desipit orbis7 ,mille ,heraclitis1  
milleque ,democritis4  ,nunc opus est   
7tanta est insania7 transeat omnis      
,mundus in ,anticyras1 gramen in        
,helleborum4   ,weep1 ,o ,heraclitus1 it
 suits the age1 ,unless you see nothing 
base1 nothing sad4  ,laugh1 ,o          
,democritus1 as much as you please1     
,unless you see nothing either vain or  
foolish4  ,let one rejoice in smiles1   
the other in tears2 ,let the same labour
 or pain be the office of both4  ,now   
7for alas6 how foolish the world has    
become71 ,a thousand ,heraclitus'1 a    
thousand ,democritus' are required4     
,now 7so much does madness prevail71 all
 the world must be ,sent to ,anticyra1  
to graze on ,hellebore4    ,,the        
,,synopsis ,,of ,,the ,,first           
,,partition4  ,in diseases1 consider    
,sect4 #a4 ,memb4 #a4  ,their ,causes4  
,subs4 #a4  ,impulsive2  ,sin1          
concupiscence1 c4    ,instrumental2     
,intemperance1 all second causes1 c4    

,or ,definition1 ,member1 ,division4    
,subs4 #b4  ,of the body #cjj1 which are
  ,epidemical1 as ,plague1 ,plica1 c4   
,or ,particular as ,gout1 ,dropsy1 c4   
,or ,of the head or mind4 ,subs4 #c4    
,in disposition2 as all perturbations1  
evil affection1 c4  ,or ,habits1 as     
,subs4 #d4  ,dotage  ,frenzy4  ,madness4
  ,ecstasy4  ,lycanthropia4  ,chorus    
sancti ,viti4  ,hydrophobia4            
,possession or obsession of ,devils4    
,melancholy4 ,see 4         ,melancholy3
 in which consider  ,its ,equivocations1
 in ,disposition1 ,improper1 c4         
,subsect4 #e4  ,memb4 #b4  ,to its      
explication1 a digression of anatomy1 in
 which observe parts of ,subs4 #a4      
,body hath parts ,subs4 #b4  contained  
as  ,humours1 #d4 ,blood1 ,phlegm1 c4   
,spirits2 vital1 natural1 animal4    or 
containing  ,similar2 spermatical1 or   
flesh1 bones1 nerves1 c4 ,subs4 #c4     
,dissimilar2 brain1 heart1 liver1 c4    
,subs4 #d      ,soul and its faculties1 
as  ,vegetal4 ,subs4 #e4  ,sensible4    

,subs4 #f1 #g1 #h4  ,rational4 ,subsect4
 #i1 #aj1 #aa4      ,memb4 #c4  ,its    
definition1 name1 difference1 ,subs4 #a4
  ,the part and parties affected1       
affection1 c4 ,subs4 #b4  ,the matter of
 melancholy1 natural1 c4 ,subs4 #c4     
,species1 or kinds ,subs4 #d41 which are
  ,proper to parts1 as  ,of the head    
alone1 hypochondriacal1 or windy        
melancholy4 ,of the whole body4  with   
their several causes1 symptoms1         
prognostics1 cures      ,or ,indefinite2
 as ,love-melancholy1 the subject of the
 third ,partition4    ,its ,causes in   
general4 ,sect4 #b4 ,a4  ,its ,symptoms 
or signs4 ,sect4 #c4 ,b4  ,its          
,prognostics or indications4 ,sect4 #d4 
,c4  ,its ,cures2 the subject of the    
second ,partition4  ,a4 ,sect4 #b4      
,causes of ,melancholy are either       
,general1 as ,memb4 #a4  ,supernatural  
,as from ,god immediately1 or by second 
causes4 ,subs4 #a4  ,or from the devil  
immediately1 with a digression of the   
nature of spirits and devils4 ,subs4 #b4

  ,or mediately1 by magicians1 witches4 
,subs4 #c4    ,or ,natural  ,primary1 as
 stars1 proved by aphorisms1 signs from 
physiognomy1 metoposcopy1 chiromancy4   
,subs4 #d4  ,or ,secondary1 as          
,congenite1 inward from  ,old age1      
temperament1 ,subs4 #e4  ,parents1 it   
being an hereditary disease1 ,subs4 #f4 
,or ,outward or adventitious1 which are 
,evident1 outward1 remote1 adventitious1
 as1  ,necessary1 see 4  ,not necessary1
 as ,m4 #d4 ,s4 #b4  ,nurses1 ,subs4 #a4
  ,education1 ,subs4 #b4  ,terrors1     
affrights1 ,subs4 #c4  ,scoffs1         
calumnies1 bitter jests1 ,subs4 #d4     
,loss of liberty1 servitude1            
imprisonment1 ,subs4 #e4  ,poverty and  
want1 ,subs4 #f4  ,a heap of other      
accidents1 death of friends1 loss1 c4   
,subs4 #g4      ,or ,contingent1 inward1
 antecedent1 nearest4 ,memb4 #e4 ,sect4 
#b4  ,in which the body works on the    
mind1 and this malady is caused by      
precedent diseases2 as agues1 pox1 c41  
or temperature1 innate ,subs4 #a4  ,or  

by particular parts distempered1 as     
brain1 heart1 spleen1 liver1 mesentery1 
pylorus1 stomach c4 ,subs4 #b4          
,particular to the three species4 ,see 4
   ,particular causes4 ,sect4 #b4 ,memb4
 #e4  ,of head ,melancholy are ,subs4   
#c4  ,inward  ,innate humour1 or from   
temperature adjust4  ,a hot brain1      
corrupted blood in the brain  ,excess of
 venery1 or defect  ,agues1 or some     
precedent disease  ,fumes arising from  
the stomach1 c4    ,or ,outward  ,heat  
of the sun1 immoderate  ,a blow on the  
head  ,overmuch use of hot wines1       
spices1 garlic1 onions1 hot baths1      
overmuch waking1 c4  ,idleness1         
solitariness1 or overmuch study1        
vehement labour1 c4  ,passions1         
perturbations1 c4      ,of              
hypochondriacal or windy melancholy are1
 ,subs4 #d4  ,inward  ,default of       
spleen1 belly1 bowels1 stomach1         
mesentery1 miseraic veins1 liver1 c4    
,months or hemorrhoids stopped1 or any  
other ordinary evacuation    or ,outward

  ,those six non-natural things abused4 
,over all the body are1 ,subs4 #e4      
,inward  ,liver distempered1 stopped1   
over-hot1 apt to engender melancholy1   
temperature innate4    or ,outward  ,bad
 diet1 suppression of hemorrhoids c4 and
 such evacuations1 passions1 cares1 c4  
those six non-natural things abused4    
,necessary causes1 as those six         
non-natural things1 which are1 ,sect4 #b
 ,memb4 #b4  ,diet offending in ,subs4  
#a4  ,substance  ,bread2 course and     
black1 c4  ,drink2 thick1 thin1 sour1 c4
  ,water unclean1 milk1 oil1 vinegar1   
wine1 spices c4  ,flesh  ,parts3 heads1 
feet1 entrails1 fat1 bacon1 blood1 c4   
,kinds3  ,beef1 pork1 venison1 hares1   
goats1 pigeons1 peacocks1 fen-fowl1 c4  
,herbs1 ,fish1 c4  ,of fish2 all        
shellfish1 hard and slimy fish1 c4  ,of 
herbs2 pulse1 cabbage1 melons1 garlic1  
onions1 c4  ,all roots1 raw fruits1 hard
 and windy meats      ,quality1 as in   
,preparing1 dressing1 sharp sauces1 salt
 meats1 indurate1 soused1 fried1 broiled

 or made-dishes1 c4    ,quantity        
,disorder in eating1 immoderate eating1 
or at unseasonable times1 c4 ,subs4 #b  
,custom2 delight1 appetite1 altered1 c4 
,subs4 #c      ,retention and           
evacuation1 ,subs4 #d4  ,costiveness1   
hot baths1 sweating1 issues stopped1    
,venus in excess1 or in defect1         
phlebotomy1 purging1 c4    ,air2 hot1   
cold1 tempestuous1 dark1 thick1 foggy1  
moorish1 c4 ,subs4 #e4  ,exercise1      
,subs4 #f4  ,unseasonable1 excessive1 or
 defective1 of body or mind1            
solitariness1 idleness1 a life out of   
action1 c4    ,sleep and waking1        
unseasonable1 inordinate1 overmuch1     
overlittle1 c4 ,subs4 #g4  ,memb4 #c4   
,sect4 #b4  ,passions and perturbations 
of the mind1 ,subs4 #a4 ,with a         
digression of the force of imagination4 
,subs4 #b4 and division of passions into
 ,subs4 #c4  ,irascible1  ,sorrow1 cause
 and symptom1 ,subs4 #d4  ,fear1 cause  
and symptom1 ,subs4 #e4  ,shame1        
repulse1 disgrace1 c4 ,subs4 #f4  ,envy 

and malice1 ,subs4 #g4  ,emulation1     
hatred1 faction1 desire of revenge1     
,subs4 #h4  ,anger a cause1 ,subs4 #i4  
,discontents1 cares1 miseries1 c4 ,subs4
 #aj4    or concupiscible4  ,vehement   
desires1 ambition1 ,subs4 #aa4          
,covetousness1 1 ,subs4 #ab4  ,love of  
pleasures1 gaming in excess1 c4 ,subs4  
#ac4  ,desire of praise1 pride1         
vainglory1 c4 ,subs4 #ad4  ,love of     
learning1 study in excess1 with a       
digression1 of the misery of scholars1  
and why the ,muses are melancholy1      
,subs4 #ae4      ,b4 ,symptoms of       
melancholy are either ,sect4 #c4        
,general1 as of ,memb4 #a4  ,body1 as   
ill digestion1 crudity1 wind1 dry       
brains1 hard belly1 thick blood1 much   
waking1 heaviness1 and palpitation of   
heart1 leaping in many places1 c41      
,subs4 #a4  or ,mind  ,common to all or 
most4  ,fear and sorrow without a just  
cause1 suspicion1 jealousy1 discontent1 
solitariness1 irksomeness1 continual    
cogitations1 restless thoughts1 vain    

imaginations1 c4 ,subs4 #b4    ,or      
,particular to private persons1         
according to ,subs4 #c4 #d4  ,celestial 
influences1 as   1 c4 parts of the body1
 heart1 brain1 liver1 spleen1 stomach1  
c4  ,humours  ,sanguine are merry still1
 laughing1 pleasant1 meditating on      
plays1 women1 music1 c4  ,phlegmatic1   
slothful1 dull1 heavy1 c4  ,choleric1   
furious1 impatient1 subject to hear and 
see strange apparitions1 c4  ,black1    
solitary1 sad2 they think they are      
bewitched1 dead1 c4    ,or mixed of     
these four humours adust1 or not adust1 
infinitely varied4  ,their several      
customs1 conditions1 inclinations1      
discipline1 c4  ,ambitious1 thinks      
himself a king1 a lord2 covetous1 runs  
on his money2 lascivious on his         
mistress2 religious1 hath revelations1  
visions1 is a prophet1 or troubled in   
mind2 a scholar on his book1 c4         
,continuance of time as the humour is   
intended or remitted1 c4  ,pleasant at  
first1 hardly discerned2 afterwards     

harsh and intolerable1 if inveterate4   
,hence some make three degrees1  #a4    
,falsa cogitatio4  #b4 ,cogitata loqui4 
#c4 ,exequi loquutum4    ,by fits1 or   
continuate1 as the object varies1       
pleasing1 or displeasing4               
,simple1 or as it is mixed with other   
diseases1 apoplexies1 gout1 caninus     
appetitus1 c4 so the symptoms are       
various4   ,particular symptoms to the  
three distinct species4 ,sect4 #c4      
,memb4 #b4  ,head melancholy4 ,subs4 #a4
  ,in body  ,headache1 binding and      
heaviness1 vertigo1 lightness1 singing  
of the ears1 much waking1 fixed eyes1   
high colour1 red eyes1 hard belly1 dry  
body2 no great sign of melancholy in the
 other parts4    ,or ,in mind4          
,continual fear1 sorrow1 suspicion1     
discontent1 superfluous cares1          
solicitude1 anxiety1 perpetual          
cogitation of such toys they are        
possessed with1 thoughts like dreams1 c4
      ,hypochondriacal1 or windy        
melancholy4 ,subs4 #b4  ,in body  ,wind1

 rumbling in the guts1 bellyache1 heat  
in the bowels1 convulsions1 crudities1  
short wind1 sour and sharp belchings1   
cold sweat1 pain in the left side1      
suffocation1 palpitation1 heaviness of  
the heart1 singing in the ears1 much    
spittle1 and moist1 c4    ,or ,in mind4 
,fearful1 sad1 suspicious1 discontent1  
anxiety1 c4 ,lascivious by reason of    
much wind1 troublesome dreams1 affected 
by fits1 c4      ,over all the body4    
,subs4 #c4  ,in body  ,black1 most part 
lean1 broad veins1 gross1 thick blood1  
their hemorrhoids commonly stopped1 c4  
,or ,in mind4  ,fearful1 sad1 solitary1 
hate light1 averse from company1 fearful
 dreams1 c4      ,symptoms of nuns1     
maids1 and widows melancholy1 in body   
and mind1 c4 ,subs4 #d  ,a reason of    
these symptoms4 ,memb4 #c4  ,why they   
are so fearful1 sad1 suspicious without 
a cause1 why solitary1 why melancholy   
men are witty1 why they suppose they    
hear and see strange voices1 visions1   
apparitions4  ,why they prophesy1 and   

speak strange languages2 whence comes   
their crudity1 rumbling1 convulsions1   
cold sweat1 heaviness of heart1         
palpitation1 cardiaca1 fearful dreams1  
much waking1 prodigious fantasies4      
,c4 ,prognostics of melancholy4 ,sect4  
#d4  ,tending to good1 as  ,morphew1    
scabs1 itch1 breaking out1 c4  ,black   
jaundice4  ,if the hemorrhoids          
voluntarily open4  ,if varices appear4  
,tending to evil1 as  ,leanness1        
dryness1 hollow-eyed1 c4  ,inveterate   
melancholy is incurable4  ,if cold1 it  
degenerates often into epilepsy1        
apoplexy1 dotage1 or into blindness4    
,if hot1 into madness1 despair1 and     
violent death4    ,corollaries and      
questions4  ,the grievousness of this   
above all other diseases4  ,the diseases
 of the mind are more grievous than     
those of the body4  ,whether it be      
lawful1 in this case of melancholy1 for 
a man to offer violence to himself4     
,neg4  ,how a melancholy or mad man     
offering violence to himself1 is to be  

censured4     ,,the ,,first ,,partition4
    ,,the ,,first ,,section1 ,,member1  
,,subsection4  ,man's ,excellency1      
,fall1 ,miseries1 ,infirmities2 ,the    
causes of them4  ,man's ,excellency4    
,man the most excellent and noble       
creature of the world1 the principal and
 mighty work of ,god1 wonder of ,nature1
 as ,zoroaster calls him2 audacis       
naturae miraculum1 the #hbjmarvel of    
marvels1 as ,plato2 the #hba;abridgment 
and epitome of the world1 as ,pliny2    
microcosmus1 a little world1 a model of 
the world1 #hbbsovereign lord of the    
earth1 viceroy of the world1 sole       
commander and governor of all the       
creatures in it2 to whose empire they   
are subject in particular1 and yield    
obedience2 far surpassing all the rest1 
not in body only1 but in soul2          
#hbc;imaginis imago1 #hbd;created to    
,god's own #hbe;image1 to that immortal 
and incorporeal substance1 with all the 
faculties and powers belonging unto it2 
was at first pure1 divine1 perfect1     

happy1 #hbf created after ,god in true  
holiness and righteousness2 ,deo        
congruens1 free from all manner of      
infirmities1 and put in ,paradise1 to   
know ,god1 to praise and glorify him1 to
 do his will1 ,ut diis consimiles       
parturiat deos 7as an old poet saith7 to
 propagate the church4 ,man's ,fall and 
,misery4 ,but this most noble creature1 
,heu tristis1 et lachrymosa commutatio  
7#hbgone exclaims7 ,o pitiful change6 is
 fallen from that he was1 and forfeited 
his estate1 become miserabilis homuncio1
 a castaway1 a caitiff1 one of the most 
miserable creatures of the world1 if he 
be considered in his own nature1 an     
unregenerate man1 and so much obscured  
by his fall that 7some few relics       
excepted7 he is inferior to a beast1    
#hbh,man in honour that understandeth   
not1 is like unto beasts that perish1 so
 ,david esteems him3 a monster by       
stupend metamorphoses1 #hbi;a fox1 a    
dog1 a hog1 what not8 ,quantum mutatus  
ab illo8 ,how much altered from that he 

was2 before blessed and happy1 now      
miserable and accursed2 #hcj;,he must   
eat his meat in sorrow1 subject to death
 and all manner of infirmities1 all kind
 of calamities4 ,a ,description of      
,melancholy4 #hca;,great travail is     
created for all men1 and an heavy yoke  
on the sons of ,adam1 from the day that 
they go out of their mother's womb1 unto
 that day they return to the mother of  
all things4 ,namely1 their thoughts1 and
 fear of their hearts1 and their        
imagination of things they wait for1 and
 the day of death4 ,from him that       
sitteth in the glorious throne1 to him  
that sitteth beneath in the earth and   
ashes2 from him that is clothed in blue 
silk and weareth a crown1 to him that is
 clothed in simple linen4 ,wrath1 envy1 
trouble1 and unquietness1 and fear of   
death1 and rigour1 and strife1 and such 
things come to both man and beast1 but  
sevenfold to the ungodly4 ,all this     
befalls him in this life1 and           
peradventure eternal misery in the life 

to come4 ,impulsive ,cause of ,man's    
,misery and ,infirmities4 ,the impulsive
 cause of these miseries in man1 this   
privation or destruction of ,god's      
image1 the cause of death and diseases1 
of all temporal and eternal punishments1
 was the sin of our first parent ,adam1 
#hcb;in eating of the forbidden fruit1  
by the devil's instigation and          
allurement4 ,his disobedience1 pride1   
ambition1 intemperance1 incredulity1    
curiosity2 from whence proceeded        
original sin1 and that general          
corruption of mankind1 as from a        
fountain1 flowed all bad inclinations   
and actual transgressions which cause   
our several calamities inflicted upon us
 for our sins4 ,and this belike is that 
which our fabulous poets have shadowed  
unto us in the tale of #hcc ,pandora's  
box1 which being opened through her     
curiosity1 filled the world full of all 
manner of diseases4 ,it is not curiosity
 alone1 but those other crying sins of  
ours1 which pull these several plagues  

and miseries upon our heads4 ,for ,ubi  
peccatum1 ibi procella1 as              
#hcd;,chrysostom well observes4         
#hce;,fools by reason of their          
transgression1 and because of their     
iniquities1 are afflicted4 #hcf;,fear   
cometh like sudden desolation1 and      
destruction like a whirlwind1 affliction
 and anguish1 because they did not fear 
,god4 #hcg;,are you shaken with wars8 as
 ,cyprian well urgeth to ,demetrius1 are
 you molested with dearth and famine8 is
 your health crushed with raging        
diseases8 is mankind generally tormented
 with epidemical maladies8 'tis all for 
your sins1 ,hag4 i4 #i1 #aj2 ,amos i42  
,jer4 vii4 ,god is angry1 punisheth and 
threateneth1 because of their obstinacy 
and stubbornness1 they will not turn    
unto him4 #hch;,if the earth be barren  
then for want of rain1 if dry and       
squalid1 it yield no fruit1 if your     
fountains be dried up1 your wine1 corn1 
and oil blasted1 if the air be          
corrupted1 and men troubled with        

diseases1 'tis by reason of their sins3 
which like the blood of ,abel cry loud  
to heaven for vengeance1 ,lam4 v4 #ae4  
,that we have sinned1 therefore our     
hearts are heavy1 ,isa4 lix4 #aa1 #ab4  
,we roar like bears1 and mourn like     
doves1 and want health1 c4 for our sins 
and trespasses4 ,but this we cannot     
endure to hear or to take notice of1    
,jer4 ii4 #cj4 ,we are smitten in vain  
and receive no correction2 and cap4 v4  
#c4 ,thou hast stricken them1 but they  
have not sorrowed2 they have refused to 
receive correction2 they have not       
returned4 ,pestilence he hath sent1 but 
they have not turned to him1 ,amos iv4  
#hci;,herod could not abide ,john       
,baptist1 nor #hdj;,domitian endure     
,apollonius to tell the causes of the   
plague at ,ephesus1 his injustice1      
incest1 adultery1 and the like4 ,to     
punish therefore this blindness and     
obstinacy of ours as a concomitant cause
 and principal agent1 is ,god's just    
judgment in bringing these calamities   

upon us1 to chastise us1 ,i say1 for our
 sins1 and to satisfy ,god's wrath4 ,for
 the law requires obedience or          
punishment1 as you may read at large1   
,deut4 xxviii4 #ae4 ,if they will not   
obey the ,lord1 and keep his            
commandments and ordinances1 then all   
these curses shall come upon them4      
#hda;,cursed in the town and in the     
field1 c4 #hdb;,cursed in the fruit of  
the body1 c4 #hdc,the ,lord shall send  
thee trouble and shame1 because of thy  
wickedness4 ,and a little after1        
#hdd,the ,lord shall smite thee with the
 botch of ,egypt1 and with emerods1 and 
scab1 and itch1 and thou canst not be   
healed2 #hdewith madness1 blindness1 and
 astonishing of heart4 ,this ,paul      
seconds1 ,rom4 ii4 #i4 ,tribulation and 
anguish on the soul of every man that   
doeth evil4 ,or else these chastisements
 are inflicted upon us for our          
humiliation1 to exercise and try our    
patience here in this life to bring us  
home1 to make us to know ,god ourselves1

 to inform and teach us wisdom4         
#hdf,therefore is my people gone into   
captivity1 because they had no          
knowledge2 therefore is the wrath of the
 ,lord kindled against his people1 and  
he hath stretched out his hand upon     
them4 ,he is desirous of our salvation4 
#hdg,nostrae salutis avidus1 saith      
,lemnius1 and for that cause pulls us by
 the ear many times1 to put us in mind  
of our duties3 ,that they which erred   
might have understanding1 7as ,isaiah   
speaks xxix4 #bd7 and so to be reformed4
 #hdh;,i am afflicted1 and at the point 
of death1 so ,david confesseth of       
himself1 ,psal4 lxxxviii4 v4 #ae1 v4 #i4
 ,mine eyes are sorrowful through mine  
affliction3 and that made him turn unto 
,god4 ,great ,alexander in the midst of 
all his prosperity1 by a company of     
parasites deified1 and now made a god1  
when he saw one of his wounds bleed1    
remembered that he was but a man1 and   
remitted of his pride4 ,in morbo        
recolligit se animus1#hdi;as #hej,pliny 

well perceived2 ,in sickness the mind   
reflects upon itself1 with judgment     
surveys itself1 and abhors its former   
courses2 insomuch that he concludes to  
his friend ,marius1#hea that it were the
 period of all philosophy1 if we could  
so continue sound1 or perform but a part
 of that which we promised to do1 being 
sick4 ,whoso is wise then1 will consider
 these things1 as ,david did 7,psal4    
cxliv41 verse last72 and whatsoever     
fortune befall him1 make use of it4 ,if 
he be in sorrow1 need1 sickness1 or any 
other adversity1 seriously to recount   
with himself1 why this or that malady1  
misery1 this or that incurable disease  
is inflicted upon him2 it may be for his
 good1 #hebsic expedit as ,peter said of
 his daughter's ague4 ,bodily sickness  
is for his soul's health1 periisset nisi
 periisset1 had he not been visited1 he 
had utterly perished2 for #hecthe ,lord 
correcteth him whom he loveth1 even as a
 father doth his child in whom he       
delighteth4 ,if he be safe and sound on 

the other side1 and free from all manner
 of infirmity2 #hed;et cui ,gratia1     
forma1 valetudo contingat abunde ,et    
mundus victus1 non deficiente crumena4  
,and that he have grace1 beauty1 favour1
 health1 ,a cleanly diet1 and abound in 
wealth4  ,yet in the midst of his       
prosperity1 let him remember that caveat
 of ,moses1 #hee;,beware that he do not 
forget the ,lord his ,god2 that he be   
not puffed up1 but acknowledge them to  
be his good gifts and benefits1 and     
#hefthe more he hath1 to be more        
thankful1 7as ,agapetianus adviseth7 and
 use them aright4 ,instrumental ,causes 
of our ,infirmities4 ,now the           
instrumental causes of these our        
infirmities1 are as diverse as the      
infirmities themselves2 stars1 heavens1 
elements1 c4 ,and all those creatures   
which ,god hath made1 are armed against 
sinners4 ,they were indeed once good in 
themselves1 and that they are now many  
of them pernicious unto us1 is not in   
their nature1 but our corruption1 which 

hath caused it4 ,for from the fall of   
our first parent ,adam1 they have been  
changed1 the earth accursed1 the        
influence of stars1 altered1 the four   
elements1 beasts1 birds1 plants1 are now
 ready to offend us4 ,the principal     
things for the use of man1 are water1   
fire1 iron1 salt1 meal1 wheat1 honey1   
milk1 oil1 wine1 clothing1 good to the  
godly1 to the sinners turned to evil1   
,ecclus4 xxxix4 #bf4 ,fire1 and hail1   
and famine1 and dearth1 all these are   
created for vengeance1 ,ecclus4 xxxix4  
#bi4 ,the heavens threaten us with their
 comets1 stars1 planets1 with their     
great conjunctions1 eclipses1           
oppositions1 quartiles1 and such        
unfriendly aspects4 ,the air with his   
meteors1 thunder and lightning1         
intemperate heat and cold1 mighty winds1
 tempests1 unseasonable weather2 from   
which proceed dearth1 famine1 plague1   
and all sorts of epidemical diseases1   
consuming infinite myriads of men4 ,at  
,cairo in ,egypt1 every third year1 7as 

it is related by #heg;,boterus1 and     
others7 #cjj1jjj die of the plague2 and 
#bjj1jjj1 in ,constantinople1 every     
fifth or seventh at the utmost4 ,how    
doth the earth terrify and oppress us   
with terrible earthquakes1 which are    
most frequent in #heh;,china1 ,japan1   
and those eastern climes1 swallowing up 
sometimes six cities at once8 ,how doth 
the water rage with his inundations1    
irruptions1 flinging down towns1 cities1
 villages1 bridges1 c4 besides          
shipwrecks2 whole islands are sometimes 
suddenly overwhelmed with all their     
inhabitants in #hei,zealand1 ,holland1  
and many parts of the continent drowned1
 as the #hfjlake ,erne in ,ireland8     
#hfa,nihilque praeter arcium cadavera   
patenti cernimus freto4 ,in the fens of 
,friesland #abcj1 by reason of tempests1
 #hfbthe sea drowned multa hominum      
millia1 et jumenta sine numero1 all the 
country almost1 men and cattle in it4   
,how doth the fire rage1 that merciless 
element1 consuming in an instant whole  

cities8 ,what town of any antiquity or  
note hath not been once1 again and      
again1 by the fury of this merciless    
element1 defaced1 ruinated1 and left    
desolate8 ,in a word1 #hfc;,ignis       
pepercit1 unda mergit1 aeris ,vis       
pestilentis aequori ereptum necat1      
,bello superstes1 tabidus morbo perit4  
,whom fire spares1 sea doth drown2 whom 
sea1 ,pestilent air doth send to clay2  
,whom war 'scapes1 sickness takes away4 
,to descend to more particulars1 how    
many creatures are at deadly feud with  
men8 ,lions1 wolves1 bears1 c4 ,some    
with hoofs1 horns1 tusks1 teeth1 nails3 
,how many noxious serpents and venomous 
creatures1 ready to offend us with      
stings1 breath1 sight1 or quite kill us8
 ,how many pernicious fishes1 plants1   
gums1 fruits1 seeds1 flowers1 c4 could  
,i reckon up on a sudden1 which by their
 very smell many of them1 touch1 taste1 
cause some grievous malady1 if not death
 itself8 ,some make mention of a        
thousand several poisons3 but these are 

but trifles in respect4 ,the greatest   
enemy to man1 is man1 who by the devil's
 instigation is still ready to do       
mischief1 his own executioner1 a wolf1 a
 devil to himself1 and others4 #hfd,we  
are all brethren in ,christ1 or at least
 should be1 members of one body1        
servants of one lord1 and yet no fiend  
can so torment1 insult over1 tyrannise1 
vex1 as one man doth another4 ,let me   
not fall therefore 7saith ,david1 when  
wars1 plague1 famine were offered7 into 
the hands of men1 merciless and wicked  
men3 #hfe------,vix sunt homines hoc    
nomine digni1 ,quamque lupi1 saevae plus
 feritatis habent4  ,we can most part   
foresee these epidemical diseases1 and  
likely avoid them2 ,dearths1 tempests1  
plagues1 our astrologers foretell us2   
,earthquakes1 inundations1 ruins of     
houses1 consuming fires1 come by little 
and little1 or make some noise          
beforehand2 but the knaveries1          
impostures1 injuries and villainies of  
men no art can avoid4 ,we can keep our  

professed enemies from our cities1 by   
gates1 walls and towers1 defend         
ourselves from thieves and robbers by   
watchfulness and weapons2 but this      
malice of men1 and their pernicious     
endeavours1 no caution can divert1 no   
vigilancy foresee1 we have so many      
secret plots and devices to mischief one
 another4 ,sometimes by the devil's help
 as magicians1 #hffwitches3 sometimes by
 impostures1 mixtures1 poisons1         
stratagems1 single combats1 wars1 we    
hack and hew1 as if we were ad          
internecionem nati1 like ,cadmus'       
soldiers born to consume one another4   
',tis an ordinary thing to read of a    
hundred and two hundred thousand men    
slain in a battle4 ,besides all manner  
of tortures1 brazen bulls1 racks1       
wheels1 strappadoes1 guns1 engines1 c4  
#hfg;,ad unum corpus humanum supplicia  
plura1 quam membra3 ,we have invented   
more torturing instruments1 than there  
be several members in a man's body1 as  
,cyprian well observes4 ,to come nearer 

yet1 our own parents by their offences1 
indiscretion and intemperance1 are our  
mortal enemies4 #hfh,the fathers have   
eaten sour grapes1 and the children's   
teeth are set on edge4 ,they cause our  
grief many times1 and put upon us       
hereditary diseases1 inevitable         
infirmities3 they torment us1 and we are
 ready to injure our posterity2         
#hfi------mox daturi progeniem          
vitiosiorem4  ,and yet with crimes to us
 unknown1 ,our sons shall mark the      
coming age their own2  and the latter   
end of the world1 as #hgj,paul foretold1
 is still like to be the worst4 ,we are 
thus bad by nature1 bad by kind1 but far
 worse by art1 every man the greatest   
enemy unto himself4 ,we study many times
 to undo ourselves1 abusing those good  
gifts which ,god hath bestowed upon us1 
health1 wealth1 strength1 wit1 learning1
 art1 memory to our own destruction1    
#hga,perditio tua ex te4 ,as #hgb;,judas
 ,maccabeus killed ,apollonius with his 
own weapons1 we arm ourselves to our own

 overthrows2 and use reason1 art1       
judgment1 all that should help us1 as so
 many instruments to undo us4 ,hector   
gave ,ajax a sword1 which so long as he 
fought against enemies1 served for his  
help and defence2 but after he began to 
hurt harmless creatures with it1 turned 
to his own hurtless bowels4 ,those      
excellent means ,god hath bestowed on   
us1 well employed1 cannot but much avail
 us2 but if otherwise perverted1 they   
ruin and confound us3 and so by reason  
of our indiscretion and weakness they   
commonly do1 we have too many instances4
 ,this ,st4 ,austin acknowledgeth of    
himself in his humble confessions1      
promptness of wit1 memory1 eloquence1   
they were ,god's good gifts1 but he did 
not use them to his glory4 ,if you will 
particularly know how1 and by what      
means1 consult physicians1 and they will
 tell you1 that it is in offending in   
some of those six non-natural things1 of
 which ,i shall #hgc;dilate more at     
large2 they are the causes of our       

infirmities1 our surfeiting1 and        
drunkenness1 our immoderate insatiable  
lust1 and prodigious riot4 ,plures      
crapula1 quam gladius1 is a true saying1
 the board consumes more than the sword4
 ,our intemperance it is1 that pulls so 
many several incurable diseases upon our
 heads1 that hastens #hgdold age1       
perverts our temperature1 and brings    
upon us sudden death4 ,and last of all1 
that which crucifies us most1 is our own
 folly1 madness 7quos ,jupiter perdit1  
dementat2 by subtraction of his         
assisting grace ,god permits it7        
weakness1 want of government1 our       
facility and proneness in yielding to   
several lusts1 in giving way to every   
passion and perturbation of the mind3 by
 which means we metamorphose ourselves  
and degenerate into beasts4 ,all which  
that prince of #hgepoets observed of    
,agamemnon1 that when he was well       
pleased1 and could moderate his passion1
 he was--os oculosque ,jovi par3 like   
,jupiter in feature1 ,mars in valour1   

,pallas in wisdom1 another god2 but when
 he became angry1 he was a lion1 a      
tiger1 a dog1 c41 there appeared no sign
 or likeness of ,jupiter in him2 so we1 
as long as we are ruled by reason1      
correct our inordinate appetite1 and    
conform ourselves to ,god's word1 are as
 so many saints3 but if we give reins to
 lust1 anger1 ambition1 pride1 and      
follow our own ways1 we degenerate into 
beasts1 transform ourselves1 overthrow  
our constitutions1 #hgfprovoke ,god to  
anger1 and heap upon us this of         
melancholy1 and all kinds of incurable  
diseases1 as a just and deserved        
punishment of our sins4  ,,subsect4     
,,ii4--,the ,definition1 ,number1       
,division of ,diseases4  ,what a disease
 is1 almost every physician defines4    
#hgg;,fernelius calleth it an affection 
of the body contrary to nature4         
#hgh;,fuschius and ,crato1 an hindrance1
 hurt1 or alteration of any action of   
the body1 or part of it4                
#hgi,tholosanus1 a dissolution of that  

league which is between body and soul1  
and a perturbation of it2 as health the 
perfection1 and makes to the            
preservation of it4 #hhj,labeo in       
,agellius1 an ill habit of the body1    
opposite to nature1 hindering the use of
 it4 ,others otherwise1 all to this     
effect4 ,number of ,diseases4 ,how many 
diseases there are1 is a question not   
yet determined2 #hha,pliny reckons up   
#cjj from the crown of the head to the  
sole of the foot3 elsewhere he saith1   
morborum infinita multitudo1 their      
number is infinite4 ,howsoever it was in
 those times1 it boots not2 in our days 
,i am sure the number is much augmented3
 #hhb------macies1 et nova febrium      
,terris incubit cohors4  ,for besides   
many epidemical diseases unheard of1 and
 altogether unknown to ,galen and       
,hippocrates1 as scorbutum1 small-pox1  
plica1 sweating sickness1 morbus        
,gallicus1 c41 we have many proper and  
peculiar almost to every part4 ,no man  
free from some ,disease or other4 ,no   

man amongst us so sound1 of so good a   
constitution1 that hath not some        
impediment of body or mind4 ,quisque    
suos patimur manes1 we have all our     
infirmities1 first or last1 more or     
less4 ,there will be peradventure in an 
age1 or one of a thousand1 like         
,zenophilus the musician in #hhc,pliny1 
that may happily live #aje years without
 any manner of impediment2 a ,pollio    
,romulus1 that can preserve himself     
#hhdwith wine and oil2 a man as         
fortunate as ,q4 ,metellus1 of whom     
,valerius so much brags2 a man as       
healthy as ,otto ,herwardus1 a senator  
of ,augsburg in ,germany1 whom          
#hhe,leovitius the astrologer brings in 
for an example and instance of certainty
 in his art2 who because he had the     
significators in his geniture fortunate1
 and free from the hostile aspects of   
,saturn and ,mars1 being a very cold    
man1 #hhf;could not remember that ever  
he was sick4 #hhg,paracelsus may brag   
that he could make a man live #djj years

 or more1 if he might bring him up from 
his infancy1 and diet him as he list2   
and some physicians hold1 that there is 
no certain period of man's life2 but it 
may still by temperance and physic be   
prolonged4 ,we find in the meantime1 by 
common experience1 that no man can      
escape1 but that of #hhh;,hesiod is     
true3     1   1 '   ' 1 '    4------    
,th' earth's full of maladies1 and full 
the sea1 ,which set upon us both by     
night and day4  ,division of ,diseases4 
,if you require a more exact division of
 these ordinary diseases which are      
incident to men1 ,i refer you to        
physicians2 #hhithey will tell you of   
acute and chronic1 first and secondary1 
lethals1 salutares1 errant1 fixed1      
simple1 compound1 connexed1 or          
consequent1 belonging to parts or the   
whole1 in habit1 or in disposition1 c4  
,my division at this time 7as most      
befitting my purpose7 shall be into     
those of the body and mind4 ,for them of
 the body1 a brief catalogue of which   

,fuschius hath made1 ,institut4 lib4 #c1
 sect4 #a1 cap4 #aa4 ,i refer you to the
 voluminous tomes of ,galen1 ,areteus1  
,rhasis1 ,avicenna1 ,alexander1 ,paulus 
,aetius1 ,gordonerius3 and those exact  
,neoterics1 ,savanarola1 ,capivaccius1  
,donatus ,altomarus1 ,hercules de       
,saxonia1 ,mercurialis1 ,victorius      
,faventinus1 ,wecker1 ,piso1 c41 that   
have methodically and elaborately       
written of them all4 ,those of the mind 
and head ,i will briefly handle1 and    
apart4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,division of 
the ,diseases of the ,head4  ,these     
diseases of the mind1 forasmuch as they 
have their chief seat and organs in the 
head1 which are commonly repeated       
amongst the diseases of the head which  
are divers1 and vary much according to  
their site4 ,for in the head1 as there  
be several parts1 so there be divers    
grievances1 which according to that     
division of #hij;,heurnius1 7which he   
takes out of ,arculanus17 are inward or 
outward 7to omit all others which       

pertain to eyes and ears1 nostrils1     
gums1 teeth1 mouth1 palate1 tongue1     
weezle1 chops1 face1 c47 belonging      
properly to the brain1 as baldness1     
falling of hair1 furfur1 lice1 c4       
#hia;,inward belonging to the skins next
 to the brain1 called dura and pia      
mater1 as all headaches1 c41 or to the  
ventricles1 caules1 kells1 tunicles1    
creeks1 and parts of it1 and their      
passions1 as caro1 vertigo1 incubus1    
apoplexy1 falling sickness4 ,the        
diseases of the nerves1 cramps1 stupor1 
convulsion1 tremor1 palsy3 or belonging 
to the excrements of the brain1         
catarrhs1 sneezing1 rheums1             
distillations3 or else those that       
pertain to the substance of the brain   
itself1 in which are conceived frenzy1  
lethargy1 melancholy1 madness1 weak     
memory1 sopor1 or ,coma ,vigilia et     
vigil ,coma4 ,out of these again ,i will
 single such as properly belong to the  
phantasy1 or imagination1 or reason     
itself1 which #hib,laurentius calls the 

disease of the mind2 and ,hildesheim1   
morbos imaginationis1 aut rationis      
laesae1 7diseases of the imagination1 or
 of injured reason17 which are three or 
four in number1 frenzy1 madness1        
melancholy1 dotage1 and their kinds3 as 
hydrophobia1 lycanthropia1 ,chorus      
sancti viti1 morbi daemoniaci1 7,st4    
,vitus's dance1 possession of devils17  
which ,i will briefly touch and point   
at1 insisting especially in this of     
melancholy1 as more eminent than the    
rest1 and that through all his kinds1   
causes1 symptoms1 prognostics1 cures3 as
 ,lonicerus hath done de apoplexia1 and 
many other of such particular diseases4 
,not that ,i find fault with those which
 have written of this subject before1 as
 ,jason ,pratensis1 ,laurentius1        
,montaltus1 ,t4 ,bright1 c41 they have  
done very well in their several kinds   
and methods2 yet that which one omits1  
another may haply see2 that which one   
contracts1 another may enlarge4 ,to     
conclude with #hic,scribanius1 that     

which they had neglected1 or            
perfunctorily handled1 we may more      
thoroughly examine2 that which is       
obscurely delivered in them1 may be     
perspicuously dilated and amplified by  
us3 and so made more familiar and easy  
for every man's capacity1 and the common
 good1 which is the chief end of my     
discourse4  ,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,dotage1  
,frenzy1 ,madness1 ,hydrophobia1        
,lycanthropia1 ,chorus sancti ,viti1    
,extasis4  ,delirium1 ,dotage4 ,dotage1 
fatuity1 or folly1 is a common name to  
all the following species1 as some will 
have it4 #hid,laurentius and #hie       
,altomarus comprehended madness1        
melancholy1 and the rest under this     
name1 and call it the summum genus of   
them all4 ,if it be distinguished from  
them1 it is natural or ingenite1 which  
comes by some defect of the organs1 and 
overmuch brain1 as we see in our common 
fools2 and is for the most part intended
 or remitted in particular men1 and     
thereupon some are wiser than others3 or

 else it is acquisite1 an appendix or   
symptom of some other disease1 which    
comes or goes2 or if it continue1 a sign
 of melancholy itself4 ,frenzy4         
,phrenitis1 which the ,greeks derive    
from the word 1 is a disease of the     
mind1 with a continual madness or       
dotage1 which hath an acute fever       
annexed1 or else an inflammation of the 
brain1 or the membranes or kells of it1 
with an acute fever1 which causeth      
madness and dotage4 ,it differs from    
melancholy and madness1 because their   
dotage is without an ague3 this         
continual1 with waking1 or memory       
decayed1 c4 ,melancholy is most part    
silent1 this clamorous2 and many such   
like differences are assigned by        
physicians4 ,madness4 ,madness1 frenzy1 
and melancholy are confounded by        
,celsus1 and many writers2 others leave 
out frenzy1 and make madness and        
melancholy but one disease1 which       
#hif;,jason ,pratensis especially       
labours1 and that they differ only      

secundam majus or minus1 in quantity    
alone1 the one being a degree to the    
other1 and both proceeding from one     
cause4 ,they differ intenso et remisso  
gradu1 saith #hig;,gordonius1 as the    
humour is intended or remitted4 ,of the 
same mind is #hih;,areteus1 ,alexander  
,tertullianus1 ,guianerius1 ,savanarola1
 ,heurnius2 and ,galen himself writes   
promiscuously of them both by reason of 
their affinity3 but most of our         
neoterics do handle them apart1 whom ,i 
will follow in this treatise4 ,madness  
is therefore defined to be a vehement   
dotage2 or raving without a fever1 far  
more violent than melancholy1 full of   
anger and clamour1 horrible looks1      
actions1 gestures1 troubling the        
patients with far greater vehemency both
 of body and mind1 without all fear and 
sorrow1 with such impetuous force and   
boldness1 that sometimes three or four  
men cannot hold them4 ,differing only in
 this from frenzy1 that it is without a 
fever1 and their memory is most part    

better4 ,it hath the same causes as the 
other1 as choler adust1 and blood       
incensed1 brains inflamed1 c4           
#hii;,fracastorius adds1 a due time1 and
 full age to this definition1 to        
distinguish it from children1 and will  
have it confirmed impotency1 to separate
 it from such as accidentally come and  
go again1 as by taking henbane1         
nightshade1 wine1 c4 ,of this fury there
 be divers kinds2 #ijj;ecstasy1 which is
 familiar with some persons1 as ,cardan 
saith of himself1 he could be in one    
when he list2 in which the ,indian      
priests deliver their oracles1 and the  
witches in ,lapland1 as ,olaus ,magnus  
writeth1 l4 #c1 cap4 #ah4 ,extasi omnia 
praedicere1 answer all questions in an  
ecstasis you will ask2 what your friends
 do1 where they are1 how they fare1 c4  
,the other species of this fury are     
enthusiasms1 revelations1 and visions1  
so often mentioned by ,gregory and ,bede
 in their works2 obsession or possession
 of devils1 sibylline prophets1 and     

poetical furies2 such as come by eating 
noxious herbs1 tarantulas stinging1 c41 
which some reduce to this4 ,the most    
known are these1 lycanthropia1          
hydrophobia1 chorus sancti ,viti4       
,lycanthropia4 ,lycanthropia1 which     
,avicenna calls cucubuth1 others lupinam
 insaniam1 or wolf-madness1 when men run
 howling about graves and fields in the 
night1 and will not be persuaded but    
that they are wolves1 or some such      
beasts4 #ija;,aetius and #ijb,paulus    
call it a kind of melancholy2 but ,i    
should rather refer it to madness1 as   
most do4 ,some make a doubt of it       
whether there be any such disease4      
#ijc;,donat ab ,altomari saith1 that he 
saw two of them in his time3 #ijd,wierus
 tells a story of such a one at ,padua  
#aeda1 that would not believe to the    
contrary1 but that he was a wolf4 ,he   
hath another instance of a ,spaniard1   
who thought himself a bear2             
#ije;,forrestus confirms as much by many
 examples2 one amongst the rest of which

 he was an eyewitness1 at ,alcmaer in   
,holland1 a poor husbandman that still  
hunted about graves1 and kept in        
churchyards1 of a pale1 black1 ugly1 and
 fearful look4 ,such belike1 or little  
better1 were king ,praetus'             
#ijf;daughters1 that thought themselves 
kine4 ,and ,nebuchadnezzar in ,daniel1  
as some interpreters hold1 was only     
troubled with this kind of madness4     
,this disease perhaps gave occasion to  
that bold assertion of #ijg,pliny1 some 
men were turned into wolves in his time1
 and from wolves to men again3 and to   
that fable of ,pausanias1 of a man that 
was ten years a wolf1 and afterwards    
turned to his former shape3 to          
#ijh,ovid's tale of ,lycaon1 c4 ,he that
 is desirous to hear of this disease1 or
 more examples1 let him read ,austin in 
his #ahth book de ,civitate ,dei1 cap4  
#e4 ,mizaldus1 cent4 #e4 #gg4           
,sckenkius1 lib4 #a4 ,hildesheim1       
spicel4 #b4 de ,mania4 ,forrestus lib4  
#aj4 de morbis cerebri4 ,olaus ,magnus1 

,vincentius ,bellavicensis1 spec4 met4  
lib4 #ca4 c4 #abb4 ,pierius1 ,bodine1   
,zuinger1 ,zeilger1 ,peucer1 ,wierus1   
,spranger1 c4 ,this malady1 saith       
,avicenna1 troubleth men most in        
,february1 and is nowadays frequent in  
,bohemia and ,hungary1 according to     
#iji;,heurnius4 ,scheretzius will have  
it common in ,livonia4 ,they lie hid    
most part all day1 and go abroad in the 
night1 barking1 howling1 at graves and  
deserts2 #iajthey have usually hollow   
eyes1 scabbed legs and thighs1 very dry 
and pale1 #iaasaith ,altomarus2 he gives
 a reason there of all the symptoms1 and
 sets down a brief cure of them4        
,hydrophobia is a kind of madness1 well 
known in every village1 which comes by  
the biting of a mad dog1 or scratching1 
saith #iab;,aurelianus2 touching1 or    
smelling alone sometimes as             
#iac,sckenkius proves1 and is incident  
to many other creatures as well as men3 
so called because the parties affected  
cannot endure the sight of water1 or any

 liquor1 supposing still they see a mad 
dog in it4 ,and which is more wonderful2
 though they be very dry1 7as in this   
malady they are7 they will rather die   
than drink3 #iad;de ,venenis ,caelius   
,aurelianus1 an ancient writer1 makes a 
doubt whether this ,hydrophobia be a    
passion of the body or the mind4 ,the   
part affected is the brain3 the cause1  
poison that comes from the mad dog1     
which is so hot and dry1 that it        
consumes all the moisture in the body4  
#iae ,hildesheim relates of some that   
died so mad2 and being cut up1 had no   
water1 scarce blood1 or any moisture    
left in them4 ,to such as are so        
affected1 the fear of water begins at   
fourteen days after they are bitten1 to 
some again not till forty or sixty days 
after3 commonly saith ,heurnius1 they   
begin to rave1 fly water and glasses1 to
 look red1 and swell in the face1 about 
twenty days after 7if some remedy be not
 taken in the meantime7 to lie awake1 to
 be pensive1 sad1 to see strange        

visions1 to bark and howl1 to fall into 
a swoon1 and oftentimes fits of the     
falling sickness4 #iaf ,some say1 little
 things like whelps will be seen in     
their urine4 ,if any of these signs     
appear1 they are past recovery4 ,many   
times these symptoms will not appear    
till six or seven months after1 saith   
#iag;,codronchus2 and sometimes not till
 seven or eight years1 as ,guianerius2  
twelve as ,albertus2 six or eight months
 after1 as ,galen holds4 ,baldus the    
great lawyer died of it3 an ,augustine  
friar1 and a woman in ,delft1 that were 
#iah;,forrestus' patients1 were         
miserably consumed with it4 ,the common 
cure in the country 7for such at least  
as dwell near the seaside7 is to duck   
them over head and ears in sea water2   
some use charms3 every good wife can    
prescribe medicines4 ,but the best cure 
to be had in such cases1 is from the    
most approved physicians2 they that will
 read of them1 may consult with         
,dioscorides1 lib4 #f4 c4 #cg1          

,heurnius1 ,hildesheim1 ,capivaccius1   
,forrestus1 ,sckenkius and before all   
others ,codronchus an ,italian1 who hath
 lately written two exquisite books on  
the subject4 ,chorus sancti ,viti1 or   
,st4 ,vitus's dance2 the lascivious     
dance1 #iai ,paracelsus calls it1       
because they that are taken from it1 can
 do nothing but dance till they be dead1
 or cured4 ,it is so called1 for that   
the parties so troubled were wont to go 
to ,st4 ,vitus for help1 and after they 
had danced there awhile1 they were      
#ibj;certainly freed4 ',tis strange to  
hear how long they will dance1 and in   
what manner1 over stools1 forms1 tables2
 even great bellied women sometimes 7and
 yet never hurt their children7 will    
dance so long that they can stir neither
 hand nor foot1 but seem to be quite    
dead4 ,one in red clothes they cannot   
abide4 ,music above all things they     
love1 and therefore magistrates in      
,germany will hire musicians to play to 
them1 and some lusty sturdy companions  

to dance with them4 ,this disease hath  
been very common in ,germany1 as appears
 by those relations of #iba,sckenkius1  
and ,paracelsus in his book of ,madness1
 who brags how many several persons he  
hath cured of it4 ,felix ,plateras de   
mentis alienat4 cap4 #c1 reports of a   
woman in ,basil whom he saw1 that danced
 a whole month together4 ,the ,arabians 
call it a kind of palsy4 ,bodine in his 
#eth book de ,repub4 cap4 #a1 speaks of 
this infirmity2 ,monavius in his last   
epistle to ,scoltizius1 and in another  
to ,dudithus1 where you may read more of
 it4 ,the last kind of madness or       
melancholy1 is that demoniacal 7if ,i   
may so call it7 obsession or possession 
of devils1 which ,platerus and others   
would have to be preternatural3 stupend 
things are said of them1 their actions1 
gestures1 contortions1 fasting1         
prophesying1 speaking languages they    
were never taught1 c4 ,many strange     
stories are related of them1 which      
because some will not allow1 7for       

,deacon and ,darrel have written large  
volumes on this subject pro and con47 ,i
 voluntarily omit4 #ibb;,fuschius1      
,institut4 lib4 #c4 sec4 #a4 cap4 #aa1  
,felix ,plater1 #ibc,laurentius1 add to 
these another fury that proceeds from   
love1 and another from study1 another   
divine or religious fury2 but these more
 properly belong to melancholy2 of all  
which ,i will speak #ibd;apart1         
intending to write a whole book of them4
  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,melancholy in        
,disposition1 improperly so called1     
,equivocations4  ,melancholy1 the       
subject of our present discourse1 is    
either in disposition or habit4 ,in     
disposition1 is that transitory         
melancholy which goes and comes upon    
every small occasion of sorrow1 need1   
sickness1 trouble1 fear1 grief1 passion1
 or perturbation of the mind1 any manner
 of care1 discontent1 or thought1 which 
causeth anguish1 dullness1 heaviness and
 vexation of spirit1 any ways opposite  
to pleasure1 mirth1 joy1 delight1       

causing frowardness in us1 or a dislike4
 ,in which equivocal and improper sense1
 we call him melancholy that is dull1   
sad1 sour1 lumpish1 ill disposed1       
solitary1 any way moved1 or displeased4 
,and from these melancholy dispositions1
 #ibeno man living is free1 no stoic1   
none so wise1 none so happy1 none so    
patient1 so generous1 so godly1 so      
divine1 that can vindicate himself2 so  
well composed1 but more or less1 some   
time or other he feels the smart of it4 
,melancholy in this sense is the        
character of mortality4 #ibf,man that is
 born of a woman1 is of short           
continuance1 and full of trouble4 ,zeno1
 ,cato1 ,socrates himself1 whom         
#ibg;,aelian so highly commends for a   
moderate temper1 that nothing could     
disturb him1 but going out1 and coming  
in1 still ,socrates kept the same       
serenity of countenance1 what misery    
soever befell him1 7if we may believe   
,plato his disciple7 was much tormented 
with it4 ,q4 ,metellus1 in whom         

#ibh,valerius gives instance of all     
happiness1 the most fortunate man then  
living1 born in that most flourishing   
city of ,rome1 of noble parentage1 a    
proper man of person1 well qualified1   
healthful1 rich1 honourable1 a senator1 
a consul1 happy in his wife1 happy in   
his children1 c4 yet this man was not   
void of melancholy1 he had his share of 
sorrow4 #ibi,polycrates ,samius1 that   
flung his ring into the sea1 because he 
would participate of discontent with    
others1 and had it miraculously restored
 to him again shortly after1 by a fish  
taken as he angled1 was not free from   
melancholy dispositions4 ,no man can    
cure himself2 the very gods had bitter  
pangs1 and frequent passions1 as their  
own #icjpoets put upon them4 ,in        
general1 #ica;as the heaven1 so is our  
life1 sometimes fair1 sometimes         
overcast1 tempestuous1 and serene2 as in
 a rose1 flowers and prickles2 in the   
year itself1 a temperate summer         
sometimes1 a hard winter1 a drought1 and

 then again pleasant showers3 so is our 
life intermixed with joys1 hopes1 fears1
 sorrows1 calumnies3 ,invicem cedunt    
dolor et voluptas1 there is a succession
 of pleasure and pain4 #icb------medio  
de fonte leporum ,surgit amari aliquid1 
in ipsis floribus angat4  ,even in the  
midst of laughing there is sorrow1 7as  
#icc,solomon holds73 even in the midst  
of all our feasting and jollity1 as     
#icd;,austin infers in his ,com4 on the 
#dast ,psalm1 there is grief and        
discontent4 ,inter delicias semper      
aliquid saevi nos strangulat1 for a pint
 of honey thou shalt here likely find a 
gallon of gall1 for a dram of pleasure a
 pound of pain1 for an inch of mirth an 
ell of moan2 as ivy doth an oak1 these  
miseries encompass our life4 ,and it is 
most absurd and ridiculous for any      
mortal man to look for a perpetual      
tenure of happiness in his life4        
,nothing so prosperous and pleasant1 but
 it hath #icesome bitterness in it1 some
 complaining1 some grudging2 it is all 1

 a mixed passion1 and like a chequer    
table black and white3 men1 families1   
cities1 have their falls and wanes2 now 
trines1 sextiles1 then quartiles and    
oppositions4 ,we are not here as those  
angels1 celestial powers and bodies1 sun
 and moon1 to finish our course without 
all offence1 with such constancy1 to    
continue for so many ages3 but subject  
to infirmities1 miseries1 interrupted1  
tossed and tumbled up and down1 carried 
about with every small blast1 often     
molested and disquieted upon each       
slender occasion1 #icfuncertain1        
brittle1 and so is all that we trust    
unto4 #icg ,and he that knows not this  
is not armed to endure it1 is not fit to
 live in this world 7as one condoles our
 time71 he knows not the condition of   
it1 where with a reciprocalty1 pleasure 
and pain are still united1 and succeed  
one another in a ring4 ,exi e mundo1 get
 thee gone hence if thou canst not brook
 it2 there is no way to avoid it1 but to
 arm thyself with patience1 with        

magnanimity1 to #ichoppose thyself unto 
it1 to suffer affliction as a good      
soldier of ,christ2 as #ici,paul        
adviseth constantly to bear it4 ,but    
forasmuch as so few can embrace this    
good council of his1 or use it aright1  
but rather as so many brute beasts give 
away to their passion1 voluntary subject
 and precipitate themselves into a      
labyrinth of cares1 woes1 miseries1 and 
suffer their souls to be overcome by    
them1 cannot arm themselves with that   
patience as they ought to do1 it falleth
 out oftentimes that these dispositions 
become habits1 and many affects         
contemned 7as #idj,seneca notes7 make a 
disease4 ,even as one distillation1 not 
yet grown to custom1 makes a cough2 but 
continual and inveterate causeth a      
consumption of the lungs2 so do these   
our melancholy provocations3 and        
according as the humour itself is       
intended1 or remitted in men1 as their  
temperature of body1 or rational soul is
 better able to make resistance2 so are 

they more or less affected4 ,for that   
which is but a flea-biting to one1      
causeth insufferable torment to another2
 and which one by his singular          
moderation1 and well-composed carriage  
can happily overcome1 a second is no    
whit able to sustain1 but upon every    
small occasion of misconceived abuse1   
injury1 grief1 disgrace1 loss1 cross1   
humour1 c4 7if solitary1 or idle7 yields
 so far to passion1 that his complexion 
is altered1 his digestion hindered1 his 
sleep gone1 his spirits obscured1 and   
his heart heavy1 his hypochondries      
misaffected2 wind1 crudity1 on a sudden 
overtake him1 and he himself overcome   
with melancholy4 ,as it is with a man   
imprisoned for debt1 if once in the     
gaol1 every creditor will bring his     
action against him1 and there likely    
hold him4 ,if any discontent seize upon 
a patient1 in an instant all other      
perturbations 7for--qua data porta      
ruunt7 will set upon him1 and then like 
a lame dog or broken-winged goose he    

droops and pines away1 and is brought at
 last to that ill habit or malady of    
melancholy itself4 ,so that as the      
philosophers make #ida;eight degrees of 
heat and cold1 we may make eighty-eight 
of melancholy1 as the parts affected are
 diversely seized with it1 or have been 
plunged more or less into this infernal 
gulf1 or waded deeper into it4 ,but all 
these melancholy fits1 howsoever        
pleasing at first1 or displeasing1      
violent and tyrannizing over those whom 
they seize on for the time2 yet these   
fits ,i say1 or men affected1 are but   
improperly so called1 because they      
continue not1 but come and go1 as by    
some objects they aye moved4 ,this      
melancholy of which we are to treat1 is 
a habit1 mosbus sonticus1 or chronicus1 
a chronic or continuate disease1 a      
settled humour1 as #idb ,aurelianus and 
#idcothers call it1 not errant1 but     
fixed2 and as it was long increasing1 so
 now being 7pleasant1 or painful7 grown 
to an habit1 it will hardly be removed4 

,,sect4 ,i4 ,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,,subsect4   
,i4--,digression of ,anatomy4  ,before  
,i proceed to define the disease of     
melancholy1 what it is1 or to discourse 
farther of it1 ,i hold it not           
impertinent to make a brief digression  
of the anatomy of the body and faculties
 of the soul1 for the better            
understanding of that which is to       
follow2 because many hard words will    
often occur1 as mirach1 hypocondries1   
emerods1 c41 imagination1 reason1       
humours1 spirits1 vital1 natural1       
animal1 nerves1 veins1 arteries1 chylus1
 pituita2 which by the vulgar will not  
so easily be perceived1 what they are1  
how cited1 and to what end they serve4  
,and besides1 it may peradventure give  
occasion to some men to examine more    
accurately1 search further into this    
most excellent subject1 and thereupon   
with that royal #iddprophet to praise   
,god1 7for a man is fearfully and       
wonderfully made1 and curiously wrought7
 that have time and leisure enough1 and 

are sufficiently informed in all other  
worldly businesses1 as to make a good   
bargain1 buy and sell1 to keep and make 
choice of a fair hawk1 hound1 horse1 c4 
,but for such matters as concern the    
knowledge of themselves1 they are wholly
 ignorant and careless2 they know not   
what this body and soul are1 how        
combined1 of what parts and faculties   
they consist1 or how a man differs from 
a dog4 ,and what can be more ignominious
 and filthy 7as #ide,melancthon well    
inveighs7 than for a man not to know the
 structure and composition of his own   
body1 especially since the knowledge of 
it tends so much to the preservation1 of
 his health1 and information of his     
manners8 ,to stir them up therefore to  
this study1 to peruse those elaborate   
works of #idf;,galen1 ,bauhines1        
,plater1 ,vesalius1 ,falopius1          
,laurentius1 ,remelinus1 c41 which have 
written copiously in ,latin2 or that    
which some of our industrious countrymen
 have done in our mother tongue1 not    

long since1 as that translation of      
#idg;,columbus and #idh                 
,microcosmographia1 in thirteen books1  
,i have made this brief digression4     
,also because #idi,wecker1              
#iej,melancthon1 #iea;,fernelius1 #ieb  
,fuschius1 and those tedious ,tracts de 
,anima 7which have more compendiously   
handled and written of this matter17 are
 not at all times ready to be had1 to   
give them some small taste1 or notice of
 the rest1 let this epitome suffice4    
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,division of the      
,body1 ,humours1 ,spirits4  ,of the     
parts of the body there may be many     
divisions3 the most approved is that of 
#iec,laurentius1 out of ,hippocrates3   
which is1 into parts contained1 or      
containing4 ,contained1 are either      
humours or spirits4 ,humours4 ,a humour 
is a liquid or fluent part of the body1 
comprehended in it1 for the preservation
 of it2 and is either innate or born    
with us1 or adventitious and acquisite4 
,the radical or innate1 is daily        

supplied by nourishment1 which some call
 cambium1 and make those secondary      
humours of ros and gluten to maintain   
it3 or acquisite1 to maintain these four
 first primary humours1 coming and      
proceeding from the first concoction in 
the liver1 by which means chylus is     
excluded4 ,some divide them into        
profitable and excrementitious4 ,but    
#ied;,crato out of ,hippocrates will    
have all four to be juice1 and not      
excrements1 without which no living     
creature can be sustained3 which four1  
though they be comprehended in the mass 
of blood1 yet they have their several   
affections1 by which they are           
distinguished from one another1 and from
 those adventitious1 peccant1 or        
#iee;diseased humours1 as ,melancthon   
calls them4 ,blood4 ,blood is a hot1    
sweet1 temperate1 red humour1 prepared  
in the mesaraic veins1 and made of the  
most temperate parts of the chylus in   
the liver1 whose office is to nourish   
the whole body1 to give it strength and 

colour1 being dispersed by the veins    
through every part of it4 ,and from it  
spirits are first begotten in the heart1
 which afterwards by the arteries are   
communicated to the other parts4        
,pituita1 or phlegm1 is a cold and moist
 humour1 begotten of the colder part of 
the chylus 7or white juice coming out of
 the meat digested in the stomach17 in  
the liver2 his office is to nourish and 
moisten the members of the body1 which  
as the tongue are moved1 that they be   
not over dry4 ,choler1 is hot and dry1  
bitter1 begotten of the hotter parts of 
the chylus1 and gathered to the gall3 it
 helps the natural heat and senses1 and 
serves to the expelling of excrements4  
,melancholy4 ,melancholy1 cold and dry1 
thick1 black1 and sour1 begotten of the 
more feculent part of nourishment1 and  
purged from the spleen1 is a bridle to  
the other two hot humours1 blood and    
choler1 preserving them in the blood1   
and nourishing the bones4 ,these four   
humours have some analogy with the four 

elements1 and to the four ages in man4  
,serum1 ,sweat1 ,tears4 ,to these       
humours you may add serum1 which is the 
matter of urine1 and those              
excrementitious humours of the third    
concoction1 sweat and tears4 ,spirits4  
,spirit is a most subtle vapour1 which  
is expressed from the blood1 and the    
instrument of the soul1 to perform all  
his actions2 a common tie or medium     
between the body and the soul1 as some  
will have it2 or as #ief,paracelsus1 a  
fourth soul of itself4 ,melancthon holds
 the fountain of those spirits to be the
 heart1 begotten there2 and afterward   
conveyed to the brain1 they take another
 nature to them4 ,of these spirits there
 be three kinds1 according to the three 
principal parts1 brain1 heart1 liver2   
natural1 vital1 animal4 ,the natural are
 begotten in the liver1 and thence      
dispersed through the veins1 to perform 
those natural actions4 ,the vital       
spirits are made in the heart of the    
natural1 which by the arteries are      

transported to all the other parts3 if  
the spirits cease1 then life ceaseth1 as
 in a syncope or swooning4 ,the animal  
spirits formed of the vital1 brought up 
to the brain1 and diffused by the       
nerves1 to the subordinate members1 give
 sense and motion to them all4          
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,similar ,parts4     
,similar ,parts ,containing parts1 by   
reason of their more solid substance1   
are either homogeneal or heterogeneal1  
similar or dissimilar2 so ,aristotle    
divides them1 lib4 #a1 cap4 #a1 de      
,hist4 ,animal42 ,laurentius1 cap4 #bj1 
lib4 #a4 ,similar1 or homogeneal1 are   
such as1 if they be divided1 are still  
severed into parts of the same nature1  
as water into water4 ,of these some be  
spermatical1 some fleshy or carnal4     
#ieg,spermatical are such as are        
immediately begotten of the seed1 which 
are bones1 gristles1 ligaments1         
membranes1 nerves1 arteries1 veins1     
skins1 fibres or strings1 fat4 ,bones4  
,the bones are dry and hard1 begotten of

 the thickest of the seed1 to strengthen
 and sustain other parts3 some say there
 be #cjd1 some #cjg1 or #cac in man's   
body4 ,they have no nerves in them1 and 
are therefore without sense4 ,a gristle 
is a substance softer than bone1 and    
harder than the rest1 flexible1 and     
serves to maintain the parts of motion4 
,ligaments are they that tie the bones  
together1 and other parts to the bones1 
with their subserving tendons3          
membranes' office is to cover the rest4 
,nerves1 or sinews1 are membranes       
without1 and full of marrow within2 they
 proceed from the brain1 and carry the  
animal spirits for sense and motion4 ,of
 these some be harder1 some softer2 the 
softer serve the senses1 and there be   
seven pair of them4 ,the first be the   
optic nerves1 by which we see2 the      
second move the eyes2 the third pair    
serve for the tongue to taste2 the      
fourth pair for the taste in the palate2
 the fifth belong to the ears2 the sixth
 pair is most ample1 and runs almost    

over all the bowels2 the seventh pair   
moves the tongue4 ,the harder sinews    
serve for the motion of the inner parts1
 proceeding from the marrow in the back1
 of whom there be thirty combinations1  
seven of the neck1 twelve of the breast1
 c4 ,arteries4 ,arteries are long and   
hollow1 with a double skin to convey the
 vital spirit2 to discern which the     
better1 they say that ,vesalius the     
anatomist was wont to cut up men alive4 
#ieh,they arise in the left side of the 
heart1 and are principally two1 from    
which the rest are derived1 aorta and   
venosa3 aorta is the root of all the    
other1 which serve the whole body2 the  
other goes to the lungs1 to fetch air to
 refrigerate the heart4 ,veins4 ,veins  
are hollow and round1 like pipes1       
arising from the liver1 carrying blood  
and natural spirits2 they feed all the  
parts4 ,of these there be two chief1    
,vena porta and ,vena cava1 from which  
the rest are corrivated4 ,that ,vena    
porta is a vein coming from the concave 

of the liver1 and receiving those       
mesaraical veins1 by whom he takes the  
chylus from the stomach and guts1 and   
conveys it to the liver4 ,the other     
derives blood from the liver to nourish 
all the other dispersed members4 ,the   
branches of that ,vena porta are the    
mesaraical and haemorrhoids4 ,the       
branches of the cava are inward or      
outward4 ,inward1 seminal or emulgent4  
,outward1 in the head1 arms1 feet1 c41  
and have several names4 ,fibrae1 ,fat1  
,flesh4 ,fibrae are strings1 white and  
solid1 dispersed through the whole      
member1 and right1 oblique1 transverse1 
all which have their several uses4 ,fat 
is a similar part1 moist1 without blood1
 composed of the most thick and unctuous
 matter of the blood4 ,the #ieiskin     
covers the rest1 and hath cuticulum1 or 
a little skin tinder it4 ,flesh is soft 
and ruddy1 composed of the congealing of
 blood1 c4  ,,subsect4                  
,,iv4--,dissimilar ,parts4  ,dissimilar 
parts are those which we call organical1

 or instrumental1 and they be inward or 
outward4 ,the chiefest outward parts are
 situate forward or backward3--forward1 
the crown and foretop of the head1      
skull1 face1 forehead1 temples1 chin1   
eyes1 ears1 nose1 c41 neck1 breast1     
chest1 upper and lower part of the      
belly1 hypocondries1 navel1 groin1      
flank1 c42 backward1 the hinder part of 
the head1 back1 shoulders1 sides1 loins1
 hipbones1 os sacrum1 buttocks1 c4 ,or  
joints1 arms1 hands1 feet1 legs1 thighs1
 knees1 c4 ,or common to both1 which1   
because they are obvious and well known1
 ,i have carelessly repeated1 eaque     
praecipua et grandiora tantum2 quod     
reliquum ex libris de anima qui volet1  
accipiat4 ,inward organical parts1 which
 cannot be seen1 are divers in number1  
and have several names1 functions1 and  
divisions2 but that of #ifj,laurentius  
is most notable1 into noble or ignoble  
parts4 ,of the noble there be three     
principal parts1 to which all the rest  
belong1 and whom they serve--brain1     

heart1 liver2 according to whose site1  
three regions1 or a threefold division1 
is made of the whole body4 ,as first of 
the head1 in which the animal organs are
 contained1 and brain itself1 which by  
his nerves give sense and motion to the 
rest1 and is1 as it were1 a privy       
counsellor and chancellor to the heart4 
,the second region is the chest1 or     
middle belly1 in which the heart as king
 keeps his court1 and by his arteries   
communicates life to the whole body4    
,the third region is the lower belly1 in
 which the liver resides as a ,legat a  
latere1 with the rest of those natural  
organs1 serving for concoction1         
nourishment1 expelling of excrements4   
,this lower region is distinguished from
 the upper by the midriff1 or           
diaphragma1 and is subdivided again by  
#ifasome into three concavities or      
regions1 upper1 middle1 and lower4 ,the 
upper of the hypocondries1 in whose     
right side is the liver1 the left the   
spleen2 from which is denominated       

hypochondriacal melancholy4 ,the second 
of the navel and flanks1 divided from   
the first by the rim4 ,the last of the  
water course1 which is again subdivided 
into three other parts4 ,the ,arabians  
make two parts of this region1          
,epigastrium and ,hypogastrium1 upper or
 lower4 ,epigastrium they call ,mirach1 
from whence comes ,mirachialis          
,melancholia1 sometimes mentioned of    
them4 ,of these several regions ,i will 
treat in brief apart2 and first of the  
third region1 in which the natural      
organs are contained4 ,de ,anima4--,the 
,lower ,region1 ,natural ,organs4 ,but  
you that are readers in the meantime1   
,suppose you were now brought into some 
sacred temple1 or majestical palace 7as 
#ifb,melancthon saith71 to behold not   
the matter only1 but the singular art1  
workmanship1 and counsel of this our    
great ,creator4 ,and it is a pleasant   
and profitable speculation1 if it be    
considered aright4 ,the parts of this   
region1 which present themselves to your

 consideration and view1 are such as    
serve to nutrition or generation4 ,those
 of nutrition serve to the first or     
second concoction2 as the oesophagus or 
gullet1 which brings meat and drink into
 the stomach4 ,the ventricle or stomach1
 which is seated in the midst of that   
part of the belly beneath the midriff1  
the kitchen1 as it were1 of the first   
concoction1 and which turns our meat    
into chylus4 ,it hath two mouths1 one   
above1 another beneath4 ,the upper is   
sometimes taken for the stomach itself2 
the lower and nether door 7as ,wecker   
calls it7 is named ,pylorus4 ,this      
stomach is sustained by a large kell or 
caul1 called omentum2 which some will   
have the same with peritoneum1 or rim of
 the belly4 ,from the stomach to the    
very fundament are produced the guts1 or
 intestina1 which serve a little to     
alter and distribute the chylus1 and    
convey away the excrements4 ,they are   
divided into small and great1 by reason 
of their site and substance1 slender or 

thicker3 the slender is duodenum1 or    
whole gut1 which is next to the stomach1
 some twelve inches long1 saith #ifc    
,fuschius4 ,jejunum1 or empty gut1      
continuate to the other1 which hath many
 mesaraic veins annexed to it1 which    
take part of the chylus to the liver    
from it4 ,ilion the third1 which        
consists of many crinkles1 which serves 
with the rest to receive1 keep1 and     
distribute the chylus from the stomach4 
,the thick guts are three1 the blind    
gut1 colon1 and right gut4 ,the blind is
 a thick and short gut1 having one      
mouth1 in which the ilium and colon     
meet3 it receives the excrements1 and   
conveys them to the colon4 ,this colon  
hath many windings1 that the excrements 
pass not away too fast3 the right gut is
 straight1 and conveys the excrements to
 the fundament1 whose lower part is     
bound up with certain muscles called    
sphincters1 that the excrements may be  
the better contained1 until such time as
 a man be willing to go to the stool4   

,in the midst of these guts is situated 
the mesenterium or midriff1 composed of 
many veins1 arteries1 and much fat1     
serving chiefly to sustain the guts4    
,all these parts serve the first        
concoction4 ,to the second1 which is    
busied either in refining the good      
nourishment or expelling the bad1 is    
chiefly belonging the liver1 like in    
colour to congealed blood1 the shop of  
blood1 situate in the right hypochondry1
 in figure like to a half-moon1         
generosum membrum ,melancthon styles it1
 a generous part2 it serves to turn the 
chylus to blood1 for the nourishment of 
the body4 ,the excrements of it are     
either choleric or watery1 which the    
other subordinate parts convey4 ,the    
gall placed in the concave of the liver1
 extracts choler to it3 the spleen1     
melancholy2 which is situate on the left
 side1 over against the liver1 a spongy 
matter1 that draws this black choler to 
it by a secret virtue1 and feeds upon   
it1 conveying the rest to the bottom of 

the stomach1 to stir up appetite1 or    
else to the guts as an excrement4 ,that 
watery matter the two kidneys expurgate 
by those emulgent veins and ureters4    
,the emulgent draw this superfluous     
moisture from the blood2 the two ureters
 convey it to the bladder1 which1 by    
reason of his site in the lower belly1  
is apt to receive it1 having two parts1 
neck and bottom3 the bottom holds the   
water1 the neck is constringed with a   
muscle1 which1 as a porter1 keeps the   
water from running out against our will4
 ,members of generation are common to   
both sexes1 or peculiar to one2 which1  
because they are impertinent to my      
purpose1 ,i do voluntarily omit4 ,middle
 ,region4 ,next in order is the middle  
region1 or chest1 which comprehends the 
vital faculties and parts2 which 7as ,i 
have said7 is separated from the lower  
belly by the diaphragma or midriff1     
which is a skin consisting of many      
nerves1 membranes2 and amongst other    
uses it hath1 is the instrument of      

laughing4 ,there is also a certain thin 
membrane1 full of sinews1 which covereth
 the whole chest within1 and is called  
pleura1 the seat of the disease called  
pleurisy1 when it is inflamed2 some add 
a third skin1 which is termed           
mediastinus1 which divides the chest    
into two parts1 right and left2 of this 
region the principal part is the heart1 
which is the seat and fountain of life1 
of heat1 of spirits1 of pulse and       
respiration--the sun of our body1 the   
king and sole commander of it--the seat 
and organ of all passions and           
affections4 ,primum vivens1 ultimum     
moriens1 it lives first1 dies last in   
all creatures4 ,of a pyramidical form1  
and not much unlike to a pineapple2 a   
part worthy of #ifd admiration1 that can
 yield such variety of affections1 by   
whose motion it is dilated or           
contracted1 to stir and command the     
humours in the body4 ,as in sorrow1     
melancholy2 in anger1 choler2 in joy1 to
 send the blood outwardly2 in sorrow1 to

 call it in2 moving the humours1 as     
horses do a chariot4 ,this heart1 though
 it be one sole member1 yet it may be   
divided into two creeks right and left4 
,the right is like the moon increasing1 
bigger than the other part1 and receives
 blood from vena cava1 distributing some
 of it to the lungs to nourish them2 the
 rest to the left side1 to engender     
spirits4 ,the left creek hath the form  
of a cone1 and is the seat of life1     
which1 as a torch doth oil1 draws blood 
unto it1 begetting of it spirits and    
fire2 and as fire in a torch1 so are    
spirits in the blood2 and by that great 
artery called aorta1 it sends vital     
spirits over the body1 and takes air    
from the lungs by that artery which is  
called venosa2 so that both creeks have 
their vessels1 the right two veins1 the 
left two arteries1 besides those two    
common anfractuous ears1 which serve    
them both2 the one to hold blood1 the   
other air1 for several uses4 ,the lungs 
is a thin spongy part1 like an ox hoof1 

7saith #ife;,fernelius7 the town-clerk  
or crier1 7#iffone terms it7 the        
instrument of voice1 as an orator to a  
king2 annexed to the heart1 to express  
their thoughts by voice4 ,that it is the
 instrument of voice1 is manifest1 in   
that no creature can speak1 or utter any
 voice1 which wanteth these lights4 ,it 
is1 besides1 the instrument of          
respiration1 or breathing2 and its      
office is to cool the heart1 by sending 
air unto it1 by the venosal artery1     
which vein comes to the lungs by that   
aspera arteria which consists of many   
gristles1 membranes1 nerves1 taking in  
air at the nose and mouth1 and by it    
likewise exhales the fumes of the heart4
 ,in the upper region serving the animal
 faculties1 the chief organ is the      
brain1 which is a soft1 marrowish1 and  
white substance1 engendered of the      
purest part of seed and spirits1        
included by many skins1 and seated      
within the skull or brain pan2 and it is
 the most noble organ under heaven1 the 

dwelling-house and seat of the soul1 the
 habitation of wisdom1 memory1 judgment1
 reason1 and in which man is most like  
unto ,god2 and therefore nature hath    
covered it with a skull of hard bone1   
and two skins or membranes1 whereof the 
one is called dura mater1 or meninx1 the
 other pia mater4 ,the dura mater is    
next to the skull1 above the other1     
which includes and protects the brain4  
,when this is taken away1 the pia mater 
is to be seen1 a thin membrane1 the next
 and immediate cover of the brain1 and  
not covering only1 but entering into it4
 ,the brain itself is divided into two  
parts1 the fore and hinder part2 the    
fore part is much bigger than the other1
 which is called the little brain in    
respect of it4 ,this fore part hath many
 concavities distinguished by certain   
ventricles1 which are the receptacles of
 the spirits1 brought hither by the     
arteries from the heart1 and are there  
refined to a more heavenly nature1 to   
perform the actions of the soul4 ,of    

these ventricles there are three--right1
 left1 and middle4 ,the right and left  
answer to their site1 and beget animal  
spirits2 if they be any way hurt1 sense 
and motion ceaseth4 ,these ventricles1  
moreover1 are held to be the seat of the
 common sense4 ,the middle ventricle is 
a common concourse and cavity of them   
both1 and hath two passages--the one to 
receive pituita1 and the other extends  
itself to the fourth creek2 in this they
 place imagination and cogitation1 and  
so the three ventricles of the fore part
 of the brain are used4 ,the fourth     
creek behind the head is common to the  
cerebel or little brain1 and marrow of  
the backbone1 the last and most solid of
 all the rest1 which receives the animal
 spirits from the other ventricles1 and 
conveys them to the marrow in the back1 
and is the place where they say the     
memory is seated4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,of  
the ,soul and her ,faculties4           
,according to #ifg;,aristotle1 the soul 
is defined to be 1 perfectio et actus   

primus corporis organici1 vitam habentis
 in potentia3 the perfection or first   
act of an organical body1 having power  
of life1 which most #ifhphilosophers    
approve4 ,but many doubts arise about   
the essence1 subject1 seat1 distinction1
 and subordinate faculties of it4 ,for  
the essence and particular knowledge1 of
 all other things it is most hard 7be it
 of man or beast7 to discern1 as        
#ifi;,aristotle himself1 #igj,tully1    
#iga,picus ,mirandula1 #igb,tolet1 and  
other neoteric philosophers             
confess3--#igc,we can understand all    
things by her1 but what she is we cannot
 apprehend4 ,some therefore make one    
soul1 divided into three principal      
faculties2 others1 three distinct souls4
 ,which question of late hath been much 
controverted by ,picolomineus and       
,zabarel4 #igd ,paracelsus will have    
four souls1 adding to the three grand   
faculties a spiritual soul3 which       
opinion of his1 ,campanella1 in his book
 de sensu rerum #igemuch labours to     

demonstrate and prove1 because carcasses
 bleed at the sight of the murderer2    
with many such arguments ,and #igfsome  
again1 one soul of all creatures        
whatsoever1 differing only in organs2   
and that beasts have reason as well as  
men1 though1 for some defect of organs1 
not in such measure4 ,others make a     
doubt whether it be all in all1 and all 
in every part2 which is amply discussed 
in ,zabarel amongst the rest4 ,the      
#igg;common division of the soul is into
 three principal faculties--vegetal1    
sensitive1 and rational1 which make     
three distinct kinds of living          
creatures--vegetal plants1 sensible     
beasts1 rational men4 ,how these three  
principal faculties are distinguished   
and connected1 ,humano ingenio          
inaccessum videtur1 is beyond human     
capacity1 as #igh ,taurellus1 ,philip1  
,flavins1 and others suppose4 ,the      
inferior may be alone1 but the superior 
cannot subsist without the other2 so    
sensible includes vegetal1 rational     

both2 which are contained in it 7saith  
,aristotle7 ut trigonus in tetragono as 
a triangle in a quadrangle4 ,vegetal    
,soul4 ,vegetal1 the first of the three 
distinct faculties1 is defined to be a  
substantial act of an organical body1 by
 which it is nourished1 augmented1 and  
begets another like unto itself4 ,in    
which definition1 three several         
operations are specified--altrix1       
auctrix1 procreatrix2 the first is      
#iginutrition1 whose object is          
nourishment1 meat1 drink1 and the like2 
his organ the liver in sensible         
creatures2 in plants1 the root or sap4  
,his office is to turn the nutriment    
into the substance of the body          
nourished1 which he performs by natural 
heat4 ,this nutritive operation hath    
four other subordinate functions or     
powers belonging to it--attraction1     
retention1 digestion1 expulsion4        
,attraction4 #ihj;,attraction is a      
ministering faculty1 which1 as a        
loadstone doth iron1 draws meat into the

 stomach1 or as a lamp doth oil2 and    
this attractive power is very necessary 
in plants1 which suck up moisture by the
 root1 as1 another mouth1 into the sap1 
as a like stomach4 ,retention4          
,retention keeps it1 being attracted    
unto the stomach1 until such time it be 
concocted2 for if it should pass away   
straight1 the body could not be         
nourished4 ,digestion4 ,digestion is    
performed by natural heat2 for as the   
flame of a torch consumes oil1 wax1     
tallow1 so doth it alter and digest the 
nutritive matter4 ,indigestion is       
opposite unto it1 for want of natural   
heat4 ,of this digestion there be three 
differences--maturation1 elixation1     
assation4 ,maturation4 ,maturation is   
especially observed in the fruits of    
trees2 which are then said to be ripe1  
when the seeds are fit to be sown again4
 ,crudity is opposed to it1 which       
gluttons1 epicures1 and idle persons are
 most subject unto1 that use no exercise
 to stir natural heat1 or else choke it1

 as too much wood puts out a fire4      
,elixation4 ,elixation is the seething  
of meat in the stomach1 by the said     
natural heat1 as meat is boiled in a    
pot2 to which corruption or putrefaction
 is opposite4 ,assation4 ,assation is a 
concoction of the inward moisture by    
heat2 his opposite is semiustulation4   
,order of ,concoction fourfold4 ,besides
 these three several operations of      
digestion1 there is a fourfold order of 
concoction3--mastication1 or chewing in 
the mouth2 chilification of this so     
chewed meat in the stomach2 the third is
 in the liver1 to turn this chylus into 
blood1 called sanguification2 the last  
is assimilation1 which is in every part4
 ,expulsion4 ,expulsion is a power of   
nutrition1 by which it expels all       
superfluous excrements1 and relics of   
meat and drink1 by the guts1 bladder1   
pores2 as by purging1 vomiting1         
spitting1 sweating1 urine1 hairs1 nails1
 c4 ,augmentation4 ,as this nutritive   
faculty serves to nourish the body1 so  

doth the augmenting faculty 7the second 
operation or power of the vegetal       
faculty7 to the increasing of it in     
quantity1 according to all dimensions1  
long1 broad1 thick1 and to make it grow 
till it come to his due proportion and  
perfect shape2 which hath his period of 
augmentation1 as of consumption2 and    
that most certain1 as the poet          
observes3-- ,stat sua cuique dies1 breve
 et irreparabile tempus ,omnibus est    
vitae4------  ,a term of life is set to 
every man1 ,which is but short1 and pass
 it no one can4  ,generation4 ,the last 
of these vegetal faculties is           
generation1 which begets another by     
means of seed1 like unto itself1 to the 
perpetual preservation of the species4  
,to this faculty they ascribe three     
subordinate operations3--the first to   
turn nourishment into seed1 c4 ,life and
 ,death concomitants of the ,vegetal    
,faculties4 ,necessary concomitants or  
affections of this vegetal faculty are  
life and his privation1 death4 ,to the  

preservation of life the natural heat is
 most requisite1 though siccity and     
humidity1 and those first qualities1 be 
not excluded4 ,this heat is likewise in 
plants1 as appears by their increasing1 
fructifying1 c41 though not so easily   
perceived4 ,in all bodies it must have  
radical #ihamoisture to preserve it1    
that it be not consumed2 to which       
preservation our clime1 country1        
temperature1 and the good or bad use of 
those six non-natural things avail much4
 ,for as this natural heat and moisture 
decays1 so doth our life itself2 and if 
not prevented before by some violent    
accident1 or interrupted through our own
 default1 is in the end dried up by old 
age1 and extinguished by death for want 
of matter1 as a lamp for defect of oil  
to maintain it4  ,,subsect4 ,,vi4--,of  
the sensible ,soul4  ,next in order is  
the sensible faculty1 which is as far   
beyond the other in dignity1 as a beast 
is preferred to a plant1 having those   
vegetal powers included in it4 ',tis    

defined an ,act of an organical body by 
which it lives1 hath sense1 appetite1   
judgment1 breath1 and motion4 ,his      
object in general is a sensible or      
passible quality1 because the sense is  
affected with it4 ,the general organ is 
the brain1 from which principally the   
sensible operations are derived4 ,this  
sensible soul is divided into two parts1
 apprehending or moving4 ,by the        
apprehensive power we perceive the      
species of sensible things present1 or  
absent1 and retain them as wax doth the 
print of a seal4 ,by the moving1 the    
body is outwardly carried from one place
 to another2 or inwardly moved by       
spirits and pulse4 ,the apprehensive    
faculty is subdivided into two parts1   
inward or outward4 ,outward1 as the five
 senses1 of touching1 hearing1 seeing1  
smelling1 tasting1 to which you may add 
,scaliger's sixth sense of titillation1 
if you please2 or that of speech1 which 
is the sixth external sense1 according  
to ,lullius4 ,inward are three--common  

sense1 phantasy1 memory4 ,those five    
outward senses have their object in     
outward things only1 and such as are    
present1 as the eye sees no colour      
except it be at hand1 the ear sound4    
,three of these senses are of commodity1
 hearing1 sight1 and smell2 two of      
necessity1 touch1 and taste1 without    
which we cannot live4 ,besides1 the     
sensitive power is active or passive4   
,active in sight1 the eye sees the      
colour2 passive when it is hurt by his  
object1 as the eye by the sunbeams4     
,according to that axiom1 visibile forte
 destruit sensum4 #ihb,or if the object 
be not pleasing1 as a bad sound to the  
ear1 a stinking smell to the nose1 c4   
,sight4 ,of these five senses1 sight is 
held to be most precious1 and the best1 
and that by reason of his object1 it    
sees the whole body at once4 ,by it we  
learn1 and discern all things1 a sense  
most excellent for use3 to the sight    
three things are required2 the object1  
the organ1 and the medium4 ,the object  

in general is visible1 or that which is 
to be seen1 as colours1 and all shining 
bodies4 ,the medium is the illumination 
of the air1 which comes from #ihclight1 
commonly called diaphanum2 for in dark  
we cannot see4 ,the organ is the eye1   
and chiefly the apple of it1 which by   
those optic nerves1 concurring both in  
one1 conveys the sight to the common    
sense4 ,between the organ and object a  
true distance is required1 that it be   
not too near1 or too far off6 ,many     
excellent questions appertain to this   
sense1 discussed by philosophers3 as    
whether this sight be caused intra      
mittendo1 vel extra mittendo1 c41 by    
receiving in the visible species1 or    
sending of them out1 which #ihd,plato1  
#ihe,plutarch1 #ihf,macrobius1          
#ihg,lactantius and others dispute4     
,and1 besides1 it is the subject of the 
perspectives1 of which ,alhazen the     
,arabian1 ,vitellio1 ,roger ,bacon1     
,baptista ,porta1 ,guidus ,ubaldus1     
,aquilonius1 c41 have written whole     

volumes4 ,hearing4 ,hearing1 a most     
excellent outward sense1 by which we    
learn and get knowledge4 ,his object is 
sound1 or that which is heard2 the      
medium1 air2 organ1 the ear4 ,to the    
sound1 which is a collision of the air1 
three things are required2 a body to    
strike1 as the hand of a musician2 the  
body struck1 which must be solid and    
able to resist2 as a bell1 lute-string1 
not wool1 or sponge2 the medium1 the    
air2 which is inward1 or outward2 the   
outward being struck or collided by a   
solid body1 still strikes the next air1 
until it come to that inward natural    
air1 which as an exquisite organ is     
contained in a little skin formed like a
 drum-head1 and struck upon by certain  
small instruments like drum-sticks1     
conveys the sound by a pair of nerves1  
appropriated to that use1 to the common 
sense1 as to a judge of sounds4 ,there  
is great variety and much delight in    
them2 for the knowledge of which1       
consult with ,boethius and other        

musicians4 ,smelling4 ,smelling is an   
outward sense1 which apprehends by the  
nostrils drawing in air2 and of all the 
rest it is the weakest sense in men4    
,the organ in the nose1 or two small    
hollow pieces of flesh a little above   
it3 the medium the air to men1 as water 
to fish3 the object1 smell1 arising from
 a mixed body resolved1 which1 whether  
it be a quality1 fume1 vapour1 or       
exhalation1 ,i will not now dispute1 or 
of their differences1 and how they are  
caused4 ,this sense is an organ of      
health1 as sight and hearing1 saith     
#ihh;,agellius1 are of discipline2 and  
that by avoiding bad smells1 as by      
choosing good1 which do as much alter   
and affect the body many times1 as diet 
itself4 ,taste4 ,taste1 a necessary     
sense1 which perceives all savours by   
the tongue and palate1 and that by means
 of a thin spittle1 or watery juice4    
,his organ is the tongue with his       
tasting nerves2 the medium1 a watery    
juice2 the object1 taste1 or savour1    

which is a quality in the juice1 arising
 from the mixture of things tasted4     
,some make eight species or kinds of    
savour1 bitter1 sweet1 sharp1 salt1 c41 
all which sick men 7as in an ague7      
cannot discern1 by reason of their      
organs misaffected4 ,touching4 ,touch1  
the last of the senses1 and most        
ignoble1 yet of as great necessity as   
the other1 and of as much pleasure4     
,this sense is exquisite in men1 and by 
his nerves dispersed all over the body1 
perceives any tactile quality4 ,his     
organ the nerves2 his object those first
 qualities1 hot1 dry1 moist1 cold2 and  
those that follow them1 hard1 soft1     
thick1 thin1 c4 ,many delightsome       
questions are moved by philosophers     
about these five senses2 their organs1  
objects1 mediums1 which for brevity ,i  
omit4  ,,subsect4 ,,vii4--,of the       
,inward ,senses4  ,common ,sense4 ,inner
 senses are three in number1 so called1 
because they be within the brainpan1 as 
common sense1 phantasy1 memory4 ,their  

objects are not only things present1 but
 they perceive the sensible species of  
things to come1 past1 absent1 such as   
were before in the sense4 ,this common  
sense is the judge or moderator of the  
rest1 by whom we discern all differences
 of objects2 for by mine eye ,i do not  
know that ,i see1 or by mine ear that ,i
 hear1 but by my common sense1 who      
judgeth of sounds and colours3 they are 
but the organs to bring the species to  
be censured2 so that all their objects  
are his1 and all their offices are his4 
,the fore part of the brain is his organ
 or seat4 ,phantasy4 ,phantasy1 or      
imagination1 which some call estimative1
 or cogitative1 7confirmed1 saith       
#ihi;,fernelius1 by frequent            
meditation17 is an inner sense which    
doth more fully examine the species     
perceived by common sense1 of things    
present or absent1 and keeps them       
longer1 recalling them to mind again1 or
 making new of his own4 ,in time of     
sleep this faculty is free1 and many    

times conceive strange1 stupend1 absurd 
shapes1 as in sick men we commonly      
observe4 ,his organ is the middle cell  
of the brain2 his objects all the       
species communicated to him by the      
common sense1 by comparison of which he 
feigns infinite other unto himself4 ,in 
melancholy men this faculty is most     
powerful and strong1 and often hurts1   
producing many monstrous and prodigious 
things1 especially if it be stirred up  
by some terrible object1 presented to it
 from common sense or memory4 ,in poets 
and painters imagination forcibly works1
 as appears by their several fictions1  
antics1 images3 as ,ovid's house of     
sleep1 ,psyche's palace in ,apuleius1 c4
 ,in men it is subject and governed by  
reason1 or at least should be2 but in   
brutes it hath no superior1 and is ratio
 brutorum1 all the reason they have4    
,memory4 ,memory lays up all the species
 which the senses have brought in1 and  
records them as a good register1 that   
they may be forthcoming when they are   

called for by phantasy and reason4 ,his 
object is the same with phantasy1 his   
seat and organ the back part of the     
brain4 ,affections of the ,senses1 sleep
 and waking4 ,the affections of these   
senses are sleep and waking1 common to  
all sensible creatures4 ,sleep is a rest
 or binding of the outward senses1 and  
of the common sense1 for the            
preservation of body and soul 7as       
,scaliger #iij;defines it72 for when the
 common sense resteth1 the outward      
senses rest also4 ,the phantasy alone is
 free1 and his commander reason3 as     
appears by those imaginary dreams1 which
 are of divers kinds1 natural1 divine1  
demoniacal1 c41 which vary according to 
humours1 diet1 actions1 objects1 c41 of 
which ,artemidorus1 ,cardanus1 and      
,sambucus1 with their several           
interpretators1 have written great      
volumes4 ,this litigation of senses     
proceeds from an inhibition of spirits1 
the way being stopped by which they     
should come2 this stopping is caused of 

vapours arising out of the stomach1     
filling the nerves1 by which the spirits
 should be conveyed4 ,when these vapours
 are spent1 the passage is open1 and the
 spirits perform their accustomed       
duties3 so that waking is the action and
 motion of the senses1 which the spirits
 dispersed over all parts cause4        
,,subsect4 ,,viii4--,of the ,moving     
,faculty4  ,appetite ,this moving       
faculty is the other power of the       
sensitive soul1 which causeth all those 
inward and outward animal motions in the
 body4 ,it is divided into two          
faculties1 the power of appetite1 and of
 moving from place to place4 ,this of   
appetite is threefold1 so some will have
 it2 natural1 as it signifies any such  
inclination1 as of a stone to fall      
downward1 and such actions as retention1
 expulsion1 which depend not on sense1  
but are vegetal1 as the appetite of meat
 and drink2 hunger and thirst4          
,sensitive is common to men and brutes4 
,voluntary1 the third1 or intellective1 

which commands the other two in men1 and
 is a curb unto them1 or at least should
 be1 but for the most part is captivated
 and overruled by them2 and men are led 
like beasts by sense1 giving reins to   
their concupiscence and several lusts4  
,for by this appetite the soul is led or
 inclined to follow that good which the 
senses shall approve1 or avoid that     
which they hold evil3 his object being  
good or evil1 the one he embraceth1 the 
other he rejecteth2 according to that   
aphorism1 ,omnia appetunt bonum1 all    
things seek their own good1 or at least 
seeming good4 ,this power is inseparable
 from sense1 for where sense is1 there  
are likewise pleasure and pain4 ,his    
organ is the same with the common sense1
 and is divided into two powers1 or     
inclinations1 concupiscible or          
irascible3 or 7as one #iia translates   
it7 coveting1 anger invading1 or        
impugning4 ,concupiscible covets always 
pleasant and delightsome things1 and    
abhors that which is distasteful1 harsh1

 and unpleasant4 ,irascible1 quasi #iib 
aversans per iram et odium1 as avoiding 
it with anger and indignation4 ,all     
affections and perturbations arise out  
of these two fountains1 which1 although 
the stoics make light of1 we hold       
natural1 and not to be resisted4 ,the   
good affections are caused by some      
object of the same nature2 and if       
present1 they procure joy1 which dilates
 the heart1 and preserves the body3 if  
absent1 they cause hope1 love1 desire1  
and concupiscence4 ,the bad are simple  
or mixed3 simple for some bad object    
present1 as sorrow1 which contracts the 
heart1 macerates the soul1 subverts the 
good estate of the body1 hindering all  
the operations of it1 causing           
melancholy1 and many times death itself2
 or future1 as fear4 ,out of these two  
arise those mixed affections and        
passions of anger1 which is a desire of 
revenge2 hatred1 which is inveterate    
anger2 zeal1 which is offended with him 
who hurts that he loves2 and 1 a        

compound affection of joy and hate1 when
 we rejoice at other men's mischief1 and
 are grieved at their prosperity2 pride1
 self-love1 emulation1 envy1 shame1 c41 
of which elsewhere4 ,moving from place  
to place1 is a faculty necessarily      
following the other4 ,for in vain were  
it otherwise to desire and to abhor1 if 
we had not likewise power to prosecute  
or eschew1 by moving the body from place
 to place3 by this faculty therefore we 
locally move the body1 or any part of   
it1 and go from one place to another4   
,to the better performance of which1    
three things are requisite3 that which  
moves2 by what it moves2 that which is  
moved4 ,that which moves1 is either the 
efficient cause1 or end4 ,the end is the
 object1 which is desired or eschewed2  
as in a dog to catch a hare1 c4 ,the    
efficient cause in man is reason1 or his
 subordinate phantasy1 which apprehends 
good or bad objects3 in brutes          
imagination alone1 which moves the      
appetite1 the appetite this faculty1    

which by an admirable league of nature1 
and by meditation of the spirit1        
commands the organ by which it moves3   
and that consists of nerves1 muscles1   
cords1 dispersed through the whole body1
 contracted and relaxed as the spirits  
will1 which move the muscles1 or        
#iicnerves in the midst of them1 and    
draw the cord1 and so per consequens the
 joint1 to the place intended4 ,that    
which is moved1 is the body or some     
member apt to move4 ,the motion of the  
body is divers1 as going1 running1      
leaping1 dancing1 sitting1 and such     
like1 referred to the predicament of    
situs4 ,worms creep1 birds fly1 fishes  
swim2 and so of parts1 the chief of     
which is respiration or breathing1 and  
is thus performed4 ,the outward air is  
drawn in by the vocal artery1 and sent  
by mediation of the midriff to the      
lungs1 which1 dilating themselves as a  
pair of bellows1 reciprocally fetch it  
in1 and send it out to the heart to cool
 it2 and from thence now being hot1     

convey it again1 still taking in fresh4 
,such a like motion is that of the      
pulse1 of which1 because many have      
written whole books1 ,i will say        
nothing4  ,,subsect4 ,,ix4--,of the     
,rational ,soul4  ,in the precedent     
subsections ,i have anatomised those    
inferior faculties of the soul2 the     
rational remaineth1 a pleasant1 but a   
doubtful subject 7as #iidone terms it71 
and with the like brevity to be         
discussed4 ,many erroneous opinions are 
about the essence and original of it2   
whether it be fire1 as ,zeno held2      
harmony1 as ,aristoxenus2 number1 as    
,xenocrates2 whether it be organical1 or
 inorganical2 seated in the brain1 heart
 or blood2 mortal or immortal2 how it   
comes into the body4 ,some hold that it 
is ex traduce1 as ,phil4 #a4 de ,anima1 
,tertullian1 ,lactantius de opific4     
,dei1 cap4 #ai4 ,hugo1 lib4 de ,spiritu 
et ,anima1 ,vincentius ,bellavic4 spec4 
natural4 lib4 #bc4 cap4 #b4 et #aa4     
,hippocrates1 ,avicenna1 and many #iie  

late writers2 that one man begets       
another1 body and soul2 or as a candle  
from a candle1 to be produced from the  
seed3 otherwise1 say they1 a man begets 
but half a man1 and is worse than a     
beast that begets both matter and form2 
and1 besides1 the three faculties of the
 soul must be together infused1 which is
 most absurd as they hold1 because in   
beasts they are begot1 the two inferior 
,i mean1 and may not be well separated  
in men4 #iif ,galen supposeth the soul  
crasin esse1 to be the temperature      
itself2 ,trismegistus1 ,musaeus1        
,orpheus1 ,homer1 ,pindarus1            
,phaerecides ,syrus1 ,epictetus1 with   
the ,chaldees and ,egyptians1 affirmed  
the soul to be immortal1 as did those   
,british #iig;,druids of old4 ,the      
#iih,pythagoreans defend                
,metempsychosis2 and ,palingenesia1 that
 souls go from one body to another1     
epota prius ,lethes unda1 as men into   
wolves1 bears1 dogs1 hogs1 as they were 
inclined in their lives1 or participated

 in conditions3 #iii------;inque ferinas
 ,possumus ire domus1 pecudumque in     
corpora condi4  #ajjj,lucian's cock was 
first ,euphorbus1 a captain3 ,ille ego  
7nam memini7 ,trojani tempore belli1    
,panthoides ,euphorbus eram1  a horse1 a
 man1 a sponge4 #ajja;,julian the       
,apostate thought ,alexander's soul was 
descended into his body3 ,plato in      
,timaeo1 and in his ,phaedon1 7for aught
 ,i can perceive17 differs not much from
 this opinion1 that it was from ,god at 
first1 and knew all1 but being enclosed 
in the body1 it forgets1 and learns     
anew1 which he calls reminiscentia1 or  
recalling1 and that it was put into the 
body for a punishment2 and thence it    
goes into a beast's1 or man's1 as       
appears by his pleasant fiction de      
sortitione animarum1 lib4 #aj4 de rep4  
and after #ajjbten thousand years is to 
return into the former body again1      
#ajjc------post varios annos1 per mille 
figuras1 ,rursus ad humanae fertur      
primordia vitae4  ,others deny the      

immortality of it1 which ,pomponatus of 
,padua decided out of ,aristotle not    
long since1 ,plinias ,avunculus1 cap4   
#a4 lib4 #b1 et lib4 #g4 cap4 #ee2      
,seneca1 lib4 #g4 epist4 ad ,lucilium1  
epist4 #ee2 ,dicearchus in ,tull4 ,tusc4
 ,epicurus1 ,aratus1 ,hippocrates1      
,galen1 ,lucretius1 lib4 #a4 7,praeterea
 gigni pariter cum corpore1 et una      
,cresere sentimus1 pariterque senescere 
mentem47#ajjd  ,averroes1 and ,i know   
not how many ,neoterics4 #ajje,this     
question of the immortality of the soul1
 is diversely and wonderfully impugned  
and disputed1 especially among the      
,italians of late1 saith ,jab4 ,colerus1
 lib4 de immort4 animae1 cap4 #a4 ,the  
popes themselves have doubted of it3    
,leo ,decimus1 that ,epicurean pope1 as 
#ajjfsome record of him1 caused this    
question to be discussed pro and con    
before him1 and concluded at last1 as a 
profane and atheistical moderator1 with 
that verse of ,cornelius ,gallus1 ,et   
redit in nihilum1 quod fuit ante nihil4 

,it began of nothing1 and in nothing it 
ends4 ,zeno and his ,stoics1 as         
#ajjg;,austin quotes him1 supposed the  
soul so long to continue1 till the body 
was fully putrified1 and resolved into  
materia prima3 but after that1 in fumos 
evanescere1 to be extinguished and      
vanished2 and in the meantime1 whilst   
the body was consuming1 it wandered all 
abroad1 et e longinquo multa annunciare1
 and 7as that ,clazomenian ,hermotimus  
averred7 saw pretty visions1 and        
suffered ,i know not what4 #ajjh;,errant
 exangues sine corpore et ossibus       
umbrae4 ,others grant the immortality   
thereof1 but they make many fabulous    
fictions in the meantime of it1 after   
the departure from the body3 like       
,plato's ,elysian fields1 and that      
,turkey paradise4 ,the souls of good men
 they deified2 the bad 7saith           
#ajji;,austin7 became devils1 as they   
supposed2 with many such absurd tenets1 
which he hath confuted4 ,hierome1       
,austin1 and other ,fathers of the      

church1 hold that the soul is immortal1 
created of nothing1 and so infused into 
the child or embryo in his mother's     
womb1 six months after the              
#ajaj;conception2 not as those of       
brutes1 which are ex traduce1 and dying 
with them vanish into nothing4 ,to whose
 divine treatises1 and to the           
,scriptures themselves1 ,i rejourn all  
such atheistical spirits1 as ,tully did 
,atticus1 doubting of this point1 to    
,plato's ,phaedon4 ,or if they desire   
philosophical proofs and demonstrations1
 ,i refer them to ,niphus1 ,nic4        
,faventinus' tracts of this subject4 ,to
 ,fran4 and ,john ,picus in digress3    
sup4 #c4 de ,anima1 ,tholosanus1        
,eugubinus1 ,to4 ,soto1 ,canas1 ,thomas1
 ,peresius1 ,dandinus1 ,colerus1 to that
 elaborate tract in ,zanchius1 to       
,tolet's ,sixty ,reasons1 and ,lessius' 
,twenty-two ,arguments1 to prove the    
immortality of the soul4 ,campanella1   
lib4 de sensu rerum1 is large in the    
same discourse1 ,albertinus the         

,schoolman1 ,jacob4 ,nactantus1 tom4 #b4
 op4 handleth it in four questions1     
,antony ,brunus1 ,aonius ,palearius1    
,marinus ,marcennus1 with many others4  
,this reasonable soul1 which ,austin    
calls a spiritual substance moving      
itself1 is defined by philosophers to be
 the first substantial act of a natural1
 humane1 organical body1 by which a man 
lives1 perceives1 and understands1      
freely doing all things1 and with       
election4 ,out of which definition we   
may gather1 that this rational soul     
includes the powers1 and performs the   
duties of the two other1 which are      
contained in it1 and all three faculties
 make one soul1 which is inorganical of 
itself1 although it be in all parts1 and
 incorporeal1 using their organs1 and   
working by them4 ,it is divided into two
 chief parts1 differing in office only1 
not in essence4 ,the understanding1     
which is the rational power             
apprehending2 the will1 which is the    
rational power moving3 to which two1 all

 the other rational powers are subject  
and reduced4  ,,subsect4 ,x4--,of the   
,understanding4  ,understanding is a    
power of the soul1 #ajaa;by which we    
perceive1 know1 remember1 and judge as  
well singulars1 as universals1 having   
certain innate notices or beginnings of 
arts1 a reflecting action1 by which it  
judgeth of his own doings1 and examines 
them4 ,out of this definition 7besides  
his chief office1 which is to apprehend1
 judge all that he performs1 without the
 help of any instruments or organs7     
three differences appear betwixt a man  
and a beast4 ,as first1 the sense only  
comprehends singularities1 the          
understanding universalities4 ,secondly1
 the sense hath no innate notions4      
,thirdly1 brutes cannot reflect upon    
themselves4 ,bees indeed make neat and  
curious works1 and many other creatures 
besides2 but when they have done1 they  
cannot judge of them4 ,his object is    
,god1 ens1 all nature1 and whatsoever is
 to be understood3 which successively it

 apprehends4 ,the object first moving   
the understanding1 is some sensible     
thing2 after by discoursing1 the mind   
finds out the corporeal substance1 and  
from thence the spiritual4 ,his actions 
7some say7 are apprehension1            
composition1 division1 discoursing1     
reasoning1 memory1 which some include in
 invention1 and judgment4 ,the common   
divisions are of the understanding1     
agent1 and patient2 speculative1 and    
practical2 in habit1 or in act2 simple1 
or compound4 ,the agent is that which is
 called the wit of man1 acumen or       
subtlety1 sharpness of invention1 when  
he doth invent of himself without a     
teacher1 or learns anew1 which abstracts
 those intelligible species from the    
phantasy1 and transfers them to the     
passive understanding1 #ajab because    
there is nothing in the understanding1  
which was not first in the sense4 ,that 
which the imagination hath taken from   
the sense1 this agent judgeth of1       
whether it be true or false2 and being  

so judged he commits it to the passible 
to be kept4 ,the agent is a doctor or   
teacher1 the passive a scholar2 and his 
office is to keep and further judge of  
such things as are committed to his     
charge2 as a bare and rased table at    
first1 capable of all forms and notions4
 ,now these notions are twofold1 actions
 or habits3 actions1 by which we take   
notions of1 and perceive things2 habits1
 which are durable lights and notions1  
which we may use when we will4 ,some    
reckon up eight kinds of them1 sense1   
experience1 intelligence1 faith1        
suspicion1 error1 opinion1 science2 to  
which are added art1 prudency1 wisdom3  
as also #ajacsynteresis1 dictamen       
rationis1 conscience2 so that in all    
there be fourteen species of the        
understanding1 of which some are innate1
 as the three last mentioned2 the other 
are gotten by doctrine1 learning1 and   
use4 ,plato will have all to be innate3 
,aristotle reckons up but five          
intellectual habits2 two practical1 as  

prudency1 whose end is to practise2 to  
fabricate2 wisdom to comprehend the use 
and experiments of all notions and      
habits whatsoever4 ,which division of   
,aristotle 7if it be considered aright7 
is all one with the precedent2 for three
 being innate1 and five acquisite1 the  
rest are improper1 imperfect1 and in a  
more strict examination excluded4 ,of   
all these ,i should more amply dilate1  
but my subject will not permit4 ,three  
of them ,i will only point at1 as more  
necessary to my following discourse4    
,synteresis1 or the purer part of the   
conscience1 is an innate habit1 and doth
 signify a conversation of the knowledge
 of the law of ,god and ,nature1 to know
 good or evil4 ,and 7as our divines     
hold7 it is rather in the understanding 
than in the will4 ,this makes the major 
proposition in a practical syllogism4   
,the dictamen rationis is that which    
doth admonish us to do good or evil1 and
 is the minor in the syllogism4 ,the    
conscience is that which approves good  

or evil1 justifying or condemning our   
actions1 and is the conclusion of the   
syllogism3 as in that familiar example  
of ,regulus the ,roman1 taken prisoner  
by the ,carthaginians1 and suffered to  
go to ,rome1 on that condition he should
 return again1 or pay so much for his   
ransom4 ,the synteresis proposeth the   
question2 his word1 oath1 promise1 is to
 be religiously kept1 although to his   
enemy1 and that by the law of nature4   
#ajad;,do not that to another which thou
 wouldst not have done to thyself4      
,dictamen applies it to him1 and        
dictates this or the like3 ,regulus1    
thou wouldst not another man should     
falsify his oath1 or break promise with 
thee3 conscience concludes1 therefore1  
,regulus1 thou dost well to perform thy 
promise1 and oughtest to keep thine     
oath4 ,more of this in ,religious       
,melancholy4  ,,subsect4 ,,xi4--,of the 
,will4  ,will is the other power of the 
rational soul1 #ajaewhich covets or     
avoids such things as have been before  

judged and apprehended by the           
understanding4 ,if good1 it approves2 if
 evil1 it abhors it3 so that his object 
is either good or evil4 ,aristotle calls
 this our rational appetite2 for as1 in 
the sensitive1 we are moved to good or  
bad by our appetite1 ruled and directed 
by sense2 so in this we are carried by  
reason4 ,besides1 the sensitive appetite
 hath a particular object1 good or bad2 
this an universal1 immaterial3 that     
respects only things delectable and     
pleasant2 this honest4 ,again1 they     
differ in liberty4 ,the sensual appetite
 seeing an object1 if it be a convenient
 good1 cannot but desire it2 if evil1   
avoid it3 but this is free in his       
essence1 #ajafmuch now depraved1        
obscured1 and fallen from his first     
perfection2 yet in some of his          
operations still free1 as to go1 walk1  
move at his pleasure1 and to choose     
whether it will do or not do1 steal or  
not steal4 ,otherwise1 in vain were     
laws1 deliberations1 exhortations1      

counsels1 precepts1 rewards1 promises1  
threats and punishments3 and ,god should
 be the author of sin4 ,but in #ajag    
spiritual things we will no good1 prone 
to evil 7except we be regenerate1 and   
led by the ,spirit71 we are egged on by 
our natural concupiscence1 and there is 
1 a confusion in our powers1 #ajahour   
whole will is averse from ,god and his  
law1 not in natural things only1 as to  
eat and drink1 lust1 to which we are led
 headlong by our temperature and        
inordinate appetite1 #ajai,nec nos      
obniti contra1 nec tendere tantum       
,sufficimus1--  we cannot resist1 our   
concupiscence is originally bad1 our    
heart evil1 the seat of our affections  
captivates and enforceth our will4 ,so  
that in voluntary things we are averse  
from ,god and goodness1 bad by nature1  
by #ajbj;ignorance worse1 by art1       
discipline1 custom1 we get many bad     
habits3 suffering them to domineer and  
tyrannise over us2 and the devil is     
still ready at hand with his evil       

suggestions1 to tempt our depraved will 
to some ill-disposed action1 to         
precipitate us to destruction1 except   
our will be swayed and counterpoised    
again with some divine precepts1 and    
good motions of the spirit1 which many  
times restrain1 hinder and check us1    
when we are in the full career of our   
dissolute courses4 ,so ,david corrected 
himself1 when he had ,saul at a vantage4
 ,revenge and malice were as two violent
 oppugners on the one side2 but honesty1
 religion1 fear of ,god1 withheld him on
 the other4 ,the actions of the will are
 velle and nolle1 to will and nill3     
which two words comprehend all1 and they
 are good or bad1 accordingly as they   
are directed1 and some of them freely   
performed by himself2 although the      
stoics absolutely deny it1 and will have
 all things inevitably done by destiny1 
imposing a fatal necessity upon us1     
which we may not resist2 yet we say that
 our will is free in respect of us1 and 
things contingent1 howsoever in respect 

of ,god's determinate counsel1 they are 
inevitable and necessary4 ,some other   
actions of the will are performed by the
 inferior powers1 which obey him1 as the
 sensitive and moving appetite2 as to   
open our eyes1 to go hither and thither1
 not to touch a book1 to speak fair or  
foul3 but this appetite is many times   
rebellious in us1 and will not be       
contained within the lists of sobriety  
and temperance4 ,it was 7as ,i said7    
once well agreeing with reason1 and     
there was an excellent consent and      
harmony between them1 but that is now   
dissolved1 they often jar1 reason is    
overborne by passion3 ,fertur equis     
auriga1 nec audit currus habenas1 as so 
many wild horses run away with a        
chariot1 and will not be curbed4 ,we    
know many times what is good1 but will  
not do it1 as she said1 #ajba,trahit    
invitum nova vis1 aliudque cupido1 ,mens
 aliud suadet1------  ,lust counsels one
 thing1 reason another1 there is a new  
reluctancy in men4 #ajbb,odi1 nec       

possum1 cupiens non esse1 quod odi4 ,we 
cannot resist1 but as ,phaedra confessed
 to her nurse1 #ajbcquae loqueris1 vera 
sunt1 sed furor suggerit sequi pejora3  
she said well and true1 she did         
acknowledge it1 but headstrong passion  
and fury made her to do that which was  
opposite4 ,so ,david knew the filthiness
 of his fact1 what a loathsome1 foul1   
crying sin adultery was1 yet            
notwithstanding he would commit murder1 
and take away another man's wife1       
enforced against reason1 religion1 to   
follow his appetite4 ,those natural and 
vegetal powers are not commanded by will
 at all2 for who can add one cubit to   
his stature8 ,these other may1 but are  
not3 and thence come all those          
headstrong passions1 violent            
perturbations of the mind2 and many     
times vicious habits1 customs1 feral    
diseases2 because we give so much way to
 our appetite1 and follow our           
inclination1 like so many beasts4 ,the  
principal habits are two in number1     

virtue and vice1 whose peculiar         
definitions1 descriptions1 differences1 
and kinds1 are handled at large in the  
ethics1 and are1 indeed1 the subject of 
moral philosophy4  ,,memb4 ,,iii4       
,,subsect4 ,i4--,definition of          
,melancholy1 ,name1 ,difference4        
,having thus briefly anatomised the body
 and soul of man1 as a preparative to   
the rest2 ,i may now freely proceed to  
treat of my intended object1 to most    
men's capacity2 and after many ambages1 
perspicuously define what this          
melancholy is1 show his name and        
differences4 ,the name is imposed from  
the matter1 and disease denominated from
 the material cause3 as ,bruel observes1
  quasi 1 from black choler4 ,and       
whether it be a cause or an effect1 a   
disease or symptom1 let ,donatus        
,altomarus and ,salvianus decide2 ,i    
will not contend about it4 ,it hath     
several descriptions1 notations1 and    
definitions4 #ajbd;,fracastorius1 in his
 second book of intellect1 calls those  

melancholy1 whom abundance of that same 
depraved humour of black choler hath so 
misaffected1 that they become mad       
thence1 and dote in most things1 or in  
all1 belonging to election1 will1 or    
other manifest operations of the        
understanding4 #ajbe ,melanelius out of 
,galen1 ,ruffus1 ,aetius1 describe it to
 be a bad and peevish disease1 which    
makes men degenerate into beasts3       
,galen1 a privation or infection of the 
middle cell of the head1 c4 defining it 
from the part affected1 which           
#ajbf;,hercules de ,saxonia approves1   
lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 calling it a         
depravation of the principal function3  
,fuschius1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bc4 ,arnoldus 
,breviar4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ah4            
,guianerius1 and others3 ,by reason of  
black choler1 ,paulus adds4 ,halyabbas  
simply calls it a commotion of the mind4
 ,aretaeus1 #ajbg;a perpetual anguish of
 the soul1 fastened on one thing1       
without an ague2 which definition of    
his1 ,mercurialis de affect4 cap4 lib4  

#a4 cap4 #aj4 taxeth3 but ,aelianus     
,montaltus defends1 lib4 de morb4 cap4  
#a4 de ,melan4 for sufficient and good4 
,the common sort define it to be a kind 
of dotage without a fever1 having for   
his ordinary companions1 fear and       
sadness1 without any apparent occasion4 
,so doth ,laurentius1 cap4 #d4 ,piso4   
lib4 #a4 cap4 #dc4 ,donatus ,altomarus1 
cap4 #g4 art4 medic4 ,jacchinus1 in com4
 in lib4 #i4 ,rhasis ad ,almansor1 cap4 
#ae4 ,valesius1 exerc4 #ag4 ,fuschius1  
institut4 #c4 sec4 #a4 c4 #aa4 c4 which 
common definition1 howsoever approved by
 most1 #ajbh;,hercules de ,saxonia will 
not allow of1 nor ,david ,crucius1      
,theat4 morb4 ,herm4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #f4  
he holds it insufficient3 as #ajbirather
 showing what it is not1 than what it   
is3 as omitting the specific difference1
 the phantasy and brain3 but ,i descend 
to particulars4 ,the summum genus is    
dotage1 or anguish of the mind1 saith   
,aretaeus2 of the principal parts1      
,hercules de ,saxonia adds1 to          

distinguish it from cramp and palsy1 and
 such diseases as belong to the outward 
sense and motions depraved #ajcjto      
distinguish it from folly and madness   
7which ,montaltus makes angor animi1 to 
separate7 in which those functions are  
not depraved1 but rather abolished2     
without an ague is added by all1 to     
sever it from frenzy1 and that          
melancholy which is in a pestilent      
fever4 7,fear and sorrow7 make it differ
 from madness3 without a cause is lastly
 inserted1 to specify it from all other 
ordinary passions of fear and sorrow4   
,we properly call that dotage1 as       
#ajca,laurentius interprets it1 when    
some one principal faculty of the mind1 
as imagination1 or reason1 is corrupted1
 as all melancholy persons have4 ,it is 
without a fever1 because the humour is  
most part cold and dry1 contrary to     
putrefaction4 ,fear and sorrow are the  
true characters and inseparable         
companions of most melancholy1 not all1 
as ,her4 de ,saxonia1 ,tract4 de        

posthumo de ,melancholia1 cap4 #b4 well 
excepts2 for to some it is most         
pleasant1 as to such as laugh most part2
 some are bold again1 and free from all 
manner of fear and grief1 as hereafter  
shall be declared4  ,,subsect4          
,,ii4--,of the part affected4           
,affection4 ,parties affected4  ,some   
difference ,i find amongst writers1     
about the principal part affected in    
this disease1 whether it be the brain1  
or heart1 or some other member4 ,most   
are of opinion that it is the brain3 for
 being a kind of dotage1 it cannot      
otherwise be but that the brain must be 
affected1 as a similar part1 be it by   
#ajcb;consent or essence1 not in his    
ventricles1 or any obstructions in them1
 for then it would be an apoplexy1 or   
epilepsy1 as #ajcc,laurentius well      
observes1 but in a cold1 dry            
distemperature of it in his substance1  
which is corrupt and become too cold1 or
 too dry1 or else too hot1 as in madmen1
 and such as are inclined to it3 and    

this #ajcd ,hippocrates confirms1       
,galen1 the ,arabians1 and most of our  
new writers4 ,marcus de ,oddis 7in a    
consultation of his1 quoted by          
#ajce;,hildesheim7 and five others there
 cited are of the contrary part2 because
 fear and sorrow1 which are passions1 be
 seated in the heart4 ,but this         
objection is sufficiently answered by   
#ajcf,montaltus1 who doth not deny that 
the heart is affected 7as               
#ajcg,melanelius proves out of ,galen7  
by reason of his vicinity1 and so is the
 midriff and many other parts4 ,they do 
compati1 and have a fellow feeling by   
the law of nature3 but forasmuch as this
 malady is caused by precedent          
imagination1 with the appetite1 to whom 
spirits obey1 and are subject to those  
principal parts1 the brain must needs   
primarily be misaffected1 as the seat of
 reason2 and then the heart1 as the seat
 of affection4 #ajch;,capivaccius and   
,mercurialis have copiously discussed   
this question1 and both conclude the    

subject is the inner brain1 and from    
thence it is communicated to the heart  
and other inferior parts1 which         
sympathise and are much troubled1       
especially when it comes by consent1 and
 is caused by reason of the stomach1 or 
mirach1 as the ,arabians term it1 whole 
body1 liver1 or #ajcispleen1 which are  
seldom free1 pylorus1 mesaraic veins1 c4
 ,for our body is like a clock1 if one  
wheel be amiss1 all the rest are        
disordered2 the whole fabric suffers3   
with such admirable art and harmony is a
 man composed1 such excellent           
proportion1 as ,ludovicus ,vives in his 
,fable of ,man hath elegantly declared4 
,as many doubts almost arise about the  
#ajdj;affection1 whether it be          
imagination or reason alone1 or both1   
,hercules de ,saxonia proves it out of  
,galen1 ,aetius1 and ,altomarus1 that   
the sole fault is in #ajda;imagination4 
,bruel is of the same mind3 ,montaltus  
in his #b cap4 of ,melancholy confutes  
this tenet of theirs1 and illustrates   

the contrary by many examples3 as of him
 that thought himself a shellfish1 of a 
nun1 and of a desperate monk that would 
not be persuaded but that he was damned2
 reason was in fault as well as         
imagination1 which did not correct this 
error3 they make away themselves        
oftentimes1 and suppose many absurd and 
ridiculous things4 ,why doth not reason 
detect the fallacy1 settle and persuade1
 if she be free8 #ajdb;,avicenna        
therefore holds both corrupt1 to whom   
most ,arabians subscribe4 ,the same is  
maintained by #ajdc;,areteus1           
#ajdd;,gorgonius1 ,guianerius1 c4 ,to   
end the controversy1 no man doubts of   
imagination1 but that it is hurt and    
misaffected here2 for the other ,i      
determine with #ajde ,albertinus        
,bottonus1 a doctor of ,padua1 that it  
is first in imagination1 and afterwards 
in reason2 if the disease be inveterate1
 or as it is more or less of            
continuance2 but by accident1 as        
#ajdf;,herc4 de ,saxonia adds2 faith1   

opinion1 discourse1 ratiocination1 are  
all accidentally depraved by the default
 of imagination4 ,parties affected4 ,to 
the part affected1 ,i may here add the  
parties1 which shall be more opportunely
 spoken of elsewhere1 now only          
signified4 ,such as have the moon1      
,saturn1 ,mercury misaffected in their  
genitures1 such as live in over cold or 
over hot climes3 such as are born of    
melancholy parents2 as offend in those  
six non-natural things1 are black1 or of
 a high sanguine complexion1 #ajdgthat  
have little heads1 that have a hot      
heart1 moist brain1 hot liver and cold  
stomach1 have been long sick3 such as   
are solitary by nature1 great students1 
given to much contemplation1 lead a life
 out of action1 are most subject to     
melancholy4 ,of sexes both1 but men more
 often2 yet #ajdhwomen misaffected are  
far more violent1 and grievously        
troubled4 ,of seasons of the year1 the  
autumn is most melancholy4 ,of peculiar 
times3 old age1 from which natural      

melancholy is almost an inseparable     
accident2 but this artificial malady is 
more frequent in such as are of a       
#ajdimiddle age4 ,some assign #dj years1
 ,gariopontus #cj4 ,jubertus excepts    
neither young nor old from this         
adventitious4 ,daniel ,sennertus        
involves all of all sorts1 out of common
 experience1 #ajej;in omnibus omnino    
corporibus cujuscunque constitutionis   
dominatar4 ,aetius and ,aretius         
#ajea;ascribe into the number not only  
#ajeb;discontented1 passionate1 and     
miserable persons1 swarthy1 black2 but  
such as are most merry and pleasant1    
scoffers1 and high coloured4 ,generally1
 saith ,rhasis1 #ajecthe finest wits and
 most generous spirits1 are before other
 obnoxious to it2 ,i cannot except any  
complexion1 any condition1 sex1 or age1 
but #ajed;fools and stoics1 which1      
according to #ajee,synesius1 are never  
troubled with any manner of passion1 but
 as ,anacreon's cicada1 sine sanguine et
 dolore2 similes fere diis sunt4        

,erasmus vindicates fools from this     
melancholy catalogue1 because they have 
most part moist brains and light hearts2
 #ajefthey are free from ambition1 envy1
 shame and fear2 they are neither       
troubled in conscience1 nor macerated   
with cares1 to which our whole life is  
most subject4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,of   
the ,matter of ,melancholy4  ,of the    
matter of melancholy1 there is much     
question betwixt ,avicen and ,galen1 as 
you may read in #ajeg;,cardan's         
,contradictions1 #ajeh,valesius'        
,controversies1 ,montanus1 ,prosper     
,calenus1 ,capivaccius1 #ajei;,bright1  
#ajfj;,ficinus1 that have written either
 whole tracts1 or copiously of it1 in   
their several treatises of this subject4
 #ajfa,what this humour is1 or whence it
 proceeds1 how it is engendered in the  
body1 neither ,galen1 nor any old writer
 hath sufficiently discussed1 as        
,jacchinus thinks3 the ,neoterics cannot
 agree4 ,montanus1 in his               
,consultations1 holds melancholy to be  

material or immaterial3 and so doth     
,arculanus3 the material is one of the  
four humours before mentioned1 and      
natural4 ,the immaterial or             
adventitious1 acquisite1 redundant1     
unnatural1 artificial2 which #ajfb      
,hercules de ,saxonia will have reside  
in the spirits alone1 and to proceed    
from a hot1 cold1 dry1 moist            
distemperature1 which1 without matter1  
alter the brain and functions of it4    
,paracelsus wholly rejects and derides  
this division of four humours and       
complexions1 but our ,galenists         
generally approve of it1 subscribing to 
this opinion of ,montanus4 ,this        
material melancholy is either simple or 
mixed2 offending in quantity or quality1
 varying according to his place1 where  
it settleth1 as brain1 spleen1 mesaraic 
veins1 heart1 womb1 and stomach2 or     
differing according to the mixture of   
those natural humours amongst           
themselves1 or four unnatural adust     
humours1 as they are diversely tempered 

and mingled4 ,if natural melancholy     
abound in the body1 which is cold and   
dry1 so that it be more #ajfcthan the   
body is well able to bear1 it must needs
 be distempered1 saith ,faventius1 and  
diseased2 and so the other1 if it be    
depraved1 whether it arise from that    
other melancholy of choler adust1 or    
from blood1 produceth the like effects1 
and is1 as ,montaltus contends1 if it   
come by adustion of humours1 most part  
hot and dry4 ,some difference ,i find1  
whether this melancholy matter may be   
engendered of all four humours1 about   
the colour and temper of it4 ,galen     
holds it may be engendered of three     
alone1 excluding phlegm1 or pituita1    
whose true assertion #ajfd,valesius and 
,menardus stiffly maintain1 and so doth 
#ajfe;,fuschius1 ,montaltus1 #ajff      
,montanus4 ,how 7say they7 can white    
become black8 ,but ,hercules de         
,saxonia1 lib4 post4 de mela4 c4 #h1 and
 #ajfg;,cardan are of the opposite part 
7it may be engendered of phlegm1 etsi   

raro contingat1 though it seldom come to
 pass71 so is #ajfh;,guianerius and     
,laurentius1 c4 #a4 with ,melanct4 in   
his book de ,anima1 and ,chap4 of       
,humours2 he calls it asininam1 dull1   
swinish melancholy1 and saith that he   
was an eyewitness of it3 so is          
#ajfi,wecker4 ,from melancholy adust    
ariseth one kind2 from choler another1  
which is most brutish2 another from     
phlegm1 which is dull2 and the last from
 blood1 which is best4 ,of these some   
are cold and dry1 others hot and dry1   
#ajgjvarying according to their         
mixtures1 as they are intended1 and     
remitted4 ,and indeed as ,rodericus a   
,fons4 cons4 #ab4 l4 #a4 determines1    
ichors1 and those serous matters being  
thickened become phlegm1 and phlegm     
degenerates into choler1 choler adust   
becomes aeruginosa melancholia1 as      
vinegar out of purest wine putrified or 
by exhalation of purer spirits is so    
made1 and becomes sour and sharp2 and   
from the sharpness of this humour       

proceeds much waking1 troublesome       
thoughts and dreams1 c4 so that ,i      
conclude as before4 ,if the humour be   
cold1 it is1 saith #ajga;,faventinus1 a 
cause of dotage1 and produceth milder   
symptoms3 if hot1 they are rash1 raving 
mad1 or inclining to it4 ,if the brain  
be hot1 the animal spirits are hot2 much
 madness follows1 with violent actions3 
if cold1 fatuity and sottishness1       
#ajgb;,capivaccius4 #ajgc,the colour of 
this mixture varies likewise according  
to the mixture1 be it hot or cold2 'tis 
sometimes black1 sometimes not1         
,altomarus4 ,the same #ajgd,melanelius  
proves out of ,galen2 and ,hippocrates  
in his ,book of ,melancholy 7if at least
 it be his71 giving instance in a       
burning coal1 which when it is hot1     
shines2 when it is cold1 looks black2   
and so doth the humour4 ,this diversity 
of melancholy matter produceth diversity
 of effects4 ,if it be within the       
#ajge;body1 and not putrified1 it       
causeth black jaundice2 if putrified1 a 

quartan ague2 if it break out to the    
skin1 leprosy2 if to parts1 several     
maladies1 as scurvy1 c4 ,if it trouble  
the mind2 as it is diversely mixed1 it  
produceth several kinds of madness and  
dotage3 of which in their place4        
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,of the species or    
kinds of ,melancholy4  ,when the matter 
is divers and confused1 how should it   
otherwise be1 but that the species      
should be divers and confused8 ,many new
 and old writers have spoken confusedly 
of it1 confounding melancholy and       
madness1 as #ajgf ,heurnius1            
,guianerius1 ,gordonius1 ,salustius     
,salvianus1 ,jason ,pratensis1          
,savanarola1 that will have madness no  
other than melancholy in extent1        
differing 7as ,i have said7 in degrees4 
,some make two distinct species1 as     
,ruffus ,ephesius1 an old writer1       
,constantinus ,africanus1 ,aretaeus1    
#ajgg ,aurelianus1 #ajgh,paulus         
,aegineta3 others acknowledge a         
multitude of kinds1 and leave them      

indefinite1 as ,aetius in his           
,tetrabiblos1 #ajgi;,avicenna1 lib4 #c4 
,fen4 #a4 ,tract4 #d4 cap4 #ah4         
,arculanus1 cap4 #af4 in #i4 ,rasis4    
,montanus1 med4 part4 #a4 #ajhj;,if     
natural melancholy be adust1 it maketh  
one kind2 if blood1 another2 if choler1 
a third1 differing from the first2 and  
so many several opinions there are about
 the kinds1 as there be men themselves4 
#ajha;,hercules de ,saxonia sets down   
two kinds1 material and immaterial2 one 
from spirits alone1 the other from      
humours and spirits4 ,savanarola1 ,rub4 
#aa4 ,tract4 #f4 cap4 #a4 de aegritud4  
capitis1 will have the kinds to be      
infinite2 one from the mirach1 called   
myrachialis of the ,arabians2 another   
stomachalis1 from the stomach2 another  
from the liver1 heart1 womb1            
haemorrhoids1 #ajhbone beginning1       
another consummate4 ,melancthon seconds 
him1 #ajhc;as the humour is diversely   
adust and mixed1 so are the species     
divers2 but what these men speak of     

species ,i think ought to be understood 
of symptoms2 and so doth #ajhd          
,arculanus interpret himself3 infinite  
species1 id est1 symptoms2 and in that  
sense1 as ,jo4 ,gorrheus acknowledgeth  
in his medicinal definitions1 the       
species are infinite1 but they may be   
reduced to three kinds by reason of     
their seat2 head1 body1 and             
hypochrondries4 ,this threefold division
 is approved by ,hippocrates in his     
,book of ,melancholy1 7if it be his1    
which some suspect7 by ,galen1 lib4 #c4 
de loc4 affectis1 cap4 #f4 by           
,alexander1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 ,rasis1  
lib4 #a4 ,continent4 ,tract4 #i4 lib4   
#a4 cap4 #af4 ,avicenna and most of our 
new writers4 ,th4 ,erastus makes two    
kinds2 one perpetual1 which is head     
melancholy2 the other interrupt1 which  
comes and goes by fits1 which he        
subdivides into the other two kinds1 so 
that all comes to the same pass4 ,some  
again make four or five kinds1 with     
,rodericus a ,castro1 de morbis mulier4 

lib4 #b4 cap4 #c4 and ,lod4 ,mercatus1  
who in his second book de mulier4       
affect4 cap4 #d4 will have that         
melancholy of nuns1 widows1 and more    
ancient maids1 to be a peculiar species 
of melancholy differing from the rest3  
some will reduce enthusiasts1 ecstatical
 and demoniacal persons to this rank1   
adding #ajhe love melancholy to the     
first1 and lycanthropia4 ,the most      
received division is into three kinds4  
,the first proceeds from the sole fault 
of the brain1 and is called head        
melancholy2 the second sympathetically  
proceeds from the whole body1 when the  
whole temperature is melancholy3 the    
third ariseth from the bowels1 liver1   
spleen1 or membrane1 called mesenterium1
 named hypochondriacal or windy         
melancholy1 which #ajhf,laurentius      
subdivides into three parts1 from those 
three members1 hepatic1 splenetic1      
mesaraic4 ,love melancholy1 which       
,avicenna calls ilishi3 and             
,lycanthropia1 which he calls cucubuthe1

 are commonly included in head          
melancholy2 but of this last1 which     
,gerardus de ,solo calls amoreus1 and   
most knight melancholy1 with that of    
religious melancholy1 virginum et       
viduarum1 maintained by ,rod4 a ,castro 
and ,mercatus1 and the other kinds of   
love melancholy1 ,i will speak of apart 
by themselves in my third partition4    
,the three precedent species are the    
subject of my present discourse1 which  
,i will anatomise and treat of through  
all their causes1 symptoms1 cures1      
together and apart2 that every man that 
is in any measure affected with this    
malady1 may know how to examine it in   
himself1 and apply remedies unto it4 ,it
 is a hard matter1 ,i confess1 to       
distinguish these three species one from
 the other1 to express their several    
causes1 symptoms1 cures1 being that they
 are so often confounded amongst        
themselves1 having such affinity1 that  
they can scarce be discerned by the most
 accurate physicians2 and so often      

intermixed with other diseases1 that the
 best experienced have been plunged4    
,montanus consil4 #bf1 names a patient  
that had this disease of melancholy and 
caninus appetitus both together2 and    
consil4 #bc1 with vertigo1 #ajhg;,julius
 ,caesar ,claudinus with stone1 gout1   
jaundice4 ,trincavellius with an ague1  
jaundice1 caninus appetitus1 c4         
#ajhh,paulus ,regoline1 a great doctor  
in his time1 consulted in this case1 was
 so confounded with a confusion of      
symptoms1 that he knew not to what kind 
of melancholy to refer it4              
#ajhi,trincavellius1 ,fallopius1 and    
,francanzanus1 famous doctors in ,italy1
 all three conferred with about one     
party1 at the same time1 gave three     
different opinions4 ,and in another     
place1 ,trincavellius being demanded    
what he thought of a melancholy young   
man to whom he was sent for1 ingenuously
 confessed that he was indeed           
melancholy1 but he knew not to what kind
 to reduce it4 ,in his seventeenth      

consultation there is the like          
disagreement about a melancholy monk4   
,those symptoms1 which others ascribe to
 misaffected parts and humours1         
#ajij;,herc4 de ,saxonia attributes     
wholly to distempered spirits1 and those
 immaterial1 as ,i have said4 ,sometimes
 they cannot well discern this disease  
from others4 ,in ,reinerus ,solenander's
 counsels1 7,sect1 consil4 #e17 he and  
,dr4 ,brande both agreed1 that the      
patient's disease was hypochondriacal   
melancholy4 ,dr4 ,matholdus said it was 
asthma1 and nothing else4               
#ajia,solenander and ,guarionius1 lately
 sent for to the melancholy ,duke of    
,cleve1 with others1 could not define   
what species it was1 or agree amongst   
themselves4 ,the species are so         
confounded1 as in ,caesar ,claudinus his
 forty-fourth consultation for a        
,polonian ,count1 in his judgment       
#ajib;he laboured of head melancholy1   
and that which proceeds from the whole  
temperature both at once4 ,i could give 

instance of some that have had all three
 kinds semel et simul1 and some         
successively4 ,so that ,i conclude of   
our melancholy species1 as #ajicmany    
politicians do of their pure forms of   
commonwealths1 monarchies1              
aristocracies1 democracies1 are most    
famous in contemplation1 but in practice
 they are temperate and usually mixed1  
7so #ajid,polybius informeth us7 as the 
,lacedaemonian1 the ,roman of old1      
,german now1 and many others4 ,what     
physicians say of distinct species in   
their books it much matters not1 since  
that in their patients' bodies they are 
commonly mixed4 ,in such obscurity1     
therefore1 variety and confused mixture 
of symptoms1 causes1 how difficult a    
thing is it to treat of several kinds   
apart2 to make any certainty or         
distinction among so many casualties1   
distractions1 when seldom two men shall 
be like effected per omnia8 ',tis hard1 
,i confess1 yet nevertheless ,i will    
adventure through the midst of these    

perplexities1 and1 led by the clue or   
thread of the best writers1 extricate   
myself out of a labyrinth of doubts and 
errors1 and so proceed to the causes4   
,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4   
,i4--,causes of ,melancholy4 ,god a     
cause4  ,it is in vain to speak of      
cures1 or think of remedies1 until such 
time as we have considered of the       
causes1 so #ajie;,galen prescribes      
,glauco3 and the common experience of   
others confirms that those cures must be
 imperfect1 lame1 and to no purpose1    
wherein the causes have not first been  
searched1 as #ajif,prosper ,calenius    
well observes in his tract de atra bile 
to ,cardinal ,caesius4 ,insomuch that   
#ajig;,fernelius puts a kind of         
necessity in the knowledge of the       
causes1 and without which it is         
impossible to cure or prevent any manner
 of disease4 ,empirics may ease1 and    
sometimes help1 but not thoroughly root 
out2 sublata causa tollitur effectus as 
the saying is1 if the cause be removed1 

the effect is likewise vanquished4 ,it  
is a most difficult thing 7,i confess7  
to be able to discern these causes      
whence they are1 and in such            
#ajihvariety to say what the beginning  
was4 #ajii;,he is happy that can perform
 it aright4 ,i will adventure to guess  
as near as ,i can1 and rip them all up1 
from the first to the last1 general and 
particular1 to every species1 that so   
they may the better be described4       
,general causes1 are either             
supernatural1 or natural4 ,supernatural 
are from ,god and his angels1 or by     
,god's permission from the devil and his
 ministers4 ,that ,god himself is a     
cause for the punishment of sin1 and    
satisfaction of his justice1 many       
examples and testimonies of holy        
,scriptures make evident unto us1 ,ps4  
cvii1 #ag4 ,foolish men are plagued for 
their offence1 and by reason of their   
wickedness4 ,gehazi was stricken with   
leprosy1 #b ,reg4 v4 #bg4 ,jehoram with 
dysentery and flux1 and great diseases  

of the bowels1 #b ,chron4 xxi4 #ae4     
,david plagued for numbering his people1
 #a ,par4 #ba4 ,sodom and ,gomorrah     
swallowed up4 ,and this disease is      
peculiarly specified1 ,psalm cxxvii4    
#ab4 ,he brought down their heart       
through heaviness4 ,deut4 xxviii4 #bh4  
,he struck them with madness1 blindness1
 and astonishment of heart4 #aajj;,an   
evil spirit was sent by the ,lord upon  
,saul1 to vex him4 #aaja,nebuchadnezzar 
did eat grass like an ox1 and his heart 
was made like the beasts of the field4  
,heathen stories are full of such       
punishments4 ,lycurgus1 because he cut  
down the vines in the country1 was by   
,bacchus driven into madness3 so was    
,pentheus and his mother ,agave for     
neglecting their sacrifice4             
#aajb;,censor ,fulvius ran mad for      
untiling ,juno's temple1 to cover a new 
one of his own1 which he had dedicated  
to ,fortune1 #aajc;and was confounded to
 death with grief and sorrow of heart4  
,when ,xerxes would have spoiled        

#aajd;,apollo's temple at ,delphos of   
those infinite riches it possessed1 a   
terrible thunder came from heaven and   
struck four thousand men dead1 the rest 
ran mad4 #aaje;,a little after1 the like
 happened to ,brennus1 lightning1       
thunder1 earthquakes1 upon such a       
sacrilegious occasion4 ,if we may       
believe our pontifical writers1 they    
will relate unto us many strange and    
prodigious punishments in this kind1    
inflicted by their saints4 ,how         
#aajf;,clodoveus1 sometime king of      
,france1 the son of ,dagobert1 lost his 
wits for uncovering the body of ,st4    
,denis3 and how a #aajgsacrilegious     
,frenchman1 that would have stolen a    
silver image of ,st4 ,john1 at          
,birgburge1 became frantic on a sudden1 
raging1 and tyrannising over his own    
flesh3 of a #aajh,lord of ,rhadnor1 that
 coming from hunting late at night1 put 
his dogs into ,st4 ,avan's church1      
7,llan ,avan they called it7 and rising 
betimes next morning1 as hunters use to 

do1 found all his dogs mad1 himself     
being suddenly strucken blind4 ,of      
,tyridates an #aaji;,armenian king1 for 
violating some holy nuns1 that was      
punished in like sort1 with loss of his 
wits4 ,but poets and papists may go     
together for fabulous tales2 let them   
free their own credits3 howsoever they  
feign of their ,nemesis1 and of their   
saints1 or by the devil's means may be  
deluded2 we find it true1 that ultor a  
tergo ,deus1 #aaaj;,he is ,god the      
avenger1 as ,david styles him2 and that 
it is our crying sins that pull this and
 many other maladies on our own heads4  
,that he can by his angels1 which are   
his ministers1 strike and heal 7saith   
#aaaa;,dionysius7 whom he will2 that he 
can plague us by his creatures1 sun1    
moon1 and stars1 which he useth as his  
instruments1 as a husbandman 7saith     
,zanchius7 doth a hatchet3 hail1 snow1  
winds1 c4 #aaab;,et conjurati veniunt in
 classica venti3 as in ,joshua's time1  
as in ,pharaoh's reign in ,egypt2 they  

are but as so many executioners of his  
justice4 ,he can make the proudest      
spirits stoop1 and cry out with ,julian 
the ,apostate1 ,vicisti ,galilaee3 or   
with ,apollo's priest in                
#aaac;,chrysostom1 ,o coelum6 o terra6  
unde hostis hic8 ,what an enemy is this8
 ,and pray with ,david1 acknowledging   
his power1 ,i am weakened and sore      
broken1 ,i roar for the grief of mine   
heart1 mine heart panteth1 c4 ,psalm    
xxxviii4 #h4 ,o ,lord1 rebuke me not in 
thine anger1 neither chastise me in thy 
wrath1 ,psalm xxxviii4 #a4 ,make me to  
hear joy and gladness1 that the bones   
which thou hast broken1 may rejoice1    
,psalm li4 #h4 and verse #ab4 ,restore  
to me the joy of thy salvation1 and     
stablish me with thy free spirit4 ,for  
these causes belike #aaad;,hippocrates  
would have a physician take special     
notice whether the disease come not from
 a divine supernatural cause1 or whether
 it follow the course of nature4 ,but   
this is farther discussed by ,fran4     

,valesius1 de sacr4 philos4 cap4 #h4    
#aaae ,fernelius1 and #aaaf;,j4 ,caesar 
,claudinus1 to whom ,i refer you1 how   
this place of ,hippocrates is to be     
understood4 ,paracelsus is of opinion1  
that such spiritual diseases 7for so he 
calls them7 are spiritually to be cured1
 and not otherwise4 ,ordinary means in  
such cases will not avail3 ,non est     
reluctandum cum ,deo 7we must not       
struggle with ,god47 ,when that         
monster-taming ,hercules overcame all in
 the ,olympics1 ,jupiter at last in an  
unknown shape wrestled with him2 the    
victory was uncertain1 till at length   
,jupiter descried himself1 and ,hercules
 yielded4 ,no striving with supreme     
powers4 ,nil juvat immensos ,cratero    
promittere montes1 physicians and physic
 can do no good1 #aaagwe must submit    
ourselves unto the mighty hand of ,god1 
acknowledge our offences1 call to him   
for mercy4 ,if he strike us una eademque
 manus vulnus opemque feret1 as it is   
with them that are wounded with the     

spear of ,achilles1 he alone must help2 
otherwise our diseases are incurable1   
and we not to be relieved4  ,,subsect4  
,,ii4--,a ,digression of the nature of  
,spirits1 bad ,angels1 or ,devils1 and  
how they cause ,melancholy4  ,how far   
the power of spirits and devils doth    
extend1 and whether they can cause this1
 or any other disease1 is a serious     
question1 and worthy to be considered3  
for the better understanding of which1  
,i will make a brief digression of the  
nature of spirits4 ,and although the    
question be very obscure1 according to  
#aaah,postellus1 full of controversy and
 ambiguity1 beyond the reach of human   
capacity1 fateor excedere vires         
intentionis meae1 saith #aaai;,austin1  
,i confess ,i am not able to understand 
it1 finitum de infinito non potest      
statuere1 we can sooner determine with  
,tully1 de nat4 deorum1 quid non sint1  
quam quid sint1 our subtle schoolmen1   
,cardans1 ,scaligers1 profound          
,thomists1 ,fracastoriana and           

,ferneliana acies1 are weak1 dry1       
obscure1 defective in these mysteries1  
and all our quickest wits1 as an owl's  
eyes at the sun's light1 wax dull1 and  
are not sufficient to apprehend them2   
yet1 as in the rest1 ,i will adventure  
to say something to this point4 ,in     
former times1 as we read1 ,acts xxiii41 
the ,sadducees denied that there were   
any such spirits1 devils1 or angels4 ,so
 did ,galen the physician1 the          
,peripatetics1 even ,aristotle himself1 
as ,pomponatius stoutly maintains1 and  
,scaliger in some sort grants4 ,though  
,dandinus the ,jesuit1 com4 in lib4 #b4 
de anima1 stiffly denies it2 substantiae
 separatae and intelligences1 are the   
same which ,christians call angels1 and 
,platonists devils1 for they name all   
the spirits1 daemones1 be they good or  
bad angels1 as ,julius ,pollux          
,onomasticon1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #a4         
observes4 ,epicures and atheists are of 
the same mind in general1 because they  
never saw them4 ,plato1 ,plotinus1      

,porphyrius1 ,jamblichus1 ,proclus1     
insisting in the steps of ,trismegistus1
 ,pythagoras and ,socrates1 make no     
doubt of it3 nor ,stoics1 but that there
 are such spirits1 though much erring   
from the truth4 ,concerning the first   
beginning of them1 the #aabj,talmudists 
say that ,adam had a wife called ,lilis1
 before he married ,eve1 and of her he  
begat nothing but devils4 ,the ,turks'  
#aaba;,alcoran is altogether as absurd  
and ridiculous in this point3 but the   
,scripture informs us ,christians1 how  
,lucifer1 the chief of them1 with his   
associates1 #aabb;fell from heaven for  
his pride and ambition2 created of ,god1
 placed in heaven1 and sometimes an     
angel of light1 now cast down into the  
lower aerial sublunary parts1 or into   
hell1 and delivered into chains of      
darkness 7#b ,pet4 ii4 #d47 to be kept  
unto damnation4 ,nature of ,devils4     
,there is a foolish opinion which some  
hold1 that they are the souls of men    
departed1 good and more noble were      

deified1 the baser grovelled on the     
ground1 or in the lower parts1 and were 
devils1 the which with ,tertullian1     
,porphyrius the philosopher1 ,m4        
,tyrius1 ser4 #bg maintains4 ,these     
spirits1 he #aabcsaith1 which we call   
angels and devils1 are nought but souls 
of men departed1 which either through   
love and pity of their friends yet      
living1 help and assist them1 or else   
persecute their enemies1 whom they      
hated1 as ,dido threatened to persecute 
,aeneas3 ,omnibus umbra locis adero3    
dabis improbe poenas4  ,my angry ghost  
arising from the deep1 ,shall haunt thee
 waking1 and disturb thy sleep2 ,at     
least my shade thy punishment shall     
know1 ,and ,fame shall spread the       
pleasing news below4  ,they are 7as     
others suppose7 appointed by those      
higher powers to keep men from their    
nativity1 and to protect or punish them 
as they see cause3 and are called boni  
et mali ,genii by the ,romans4 ,heroes1 
lares1 if good1 lemures or larvae if    

bad1 by the stoics1 governors of        
countries1 men1 cities1 saith           
#aabd;,apuleius1 ,deos appellant qui ex 
hominum numero juste ac prudenter vitae 
curriculo gubernato1 pro numine1 postea 
ab hominibus praediti fanis et          
ceremoniis vulgo admittuntur1 ut in     
,aegypto ,osyris1 c4 ,praestites1       
,capella calls them1 which protected    
particular men as well as princes1      
,socrates had his ,daemonium ,saturninum
 et ignium1 which of all spirits is     
best1 ad sublimes cogitationes animum   
erigentem1 as the ,platonists supposed2 
,plotinus his1 and we ,christians our   
assisting angel1 as ,andreas            
,victorellus1 a copious writer of this  
subject1 ,lodovicus de ,la-,cerda1 the  
,jesuit1 in his voluminous tract de     
,angelo ,custode1 ,zanchius1 and some   
divines think4 ,but this absurd tenet of
 ,tyreus1 ,proclus confutes at large in 
his book de ,anima et daemone4 ,psellus 
#aabe1 a ,christian1 and sometimes tutor
 7saith ,cuspinian7 to ,michael         

,parapinatius1 ,emperor of ,greece1 a   
great observer of the nature of devils1 
holds they are corporeal #aabf1 and have
 aerial bodies1 that they are mortal1   
live and die1 7which ,martianus ,capella
 likewise maintains1 but our ,christian 
philosophers explode7 that they         
#aabg;are nourished and have excrements1
 they feel pain if they be hurt 7which  
,cardan confirms1 and ,scaliger justly  
laughs him to scorn for2 ,si pascantur  
aere1 cur non pugnant ob puriorem aera8 
c47 or stroken3 and if their bodies be  
cut1 with admirable celerity they come  
together again4 ,austin1 in ,gen4 lib4  
iii4 lib4 arbit41 approves as much1     
mutata casu corpora in deteriorem       
qualitatem aeris spissioris1 so doth    
,hierome4 ,comment4 in epist4 ad ,ephes4
 cap4 #c1 ,origen1 ,tertullian1         
,lactantius1 and many ancient ,fathers  
of the ,church3 that in their fall their
 bodies were changed into a more aerial 
and gross substance4 ,bodine1 lib4 #d1  
,theatri ,naturae and ,david ,crusius1  

,hermeticae ,philosophiae1 lib4 #a4 cap4
 #d1 by several arguments proves angels 
and spirits to be corporeal3 quicquid   
continetur in loco corporeum est2 ,at   
spiritus continetur in loco1 ergo4      
#aabh,si spiritus sunt quanti1 erunt    
corporei3 ,at sunt quanti1 ergo4 sunt   
finiti1 ergo4 quanti1 c4 ,bodine        
#aabi;goes farther yet1 and will have   
these1 ,animae separatae genii1 spirits1
 angels1 devils1 and so likewise souls  
of men departed1 if corporeal 7which he 
most eagerly contends7 to be of some    
shape1 and that absolutely round1 like  
,sun and ,moon1 because that is the most
 perfect form1 quae nihil habet         
asperitatis1 nihil angulis incisum1     
nihil anfractibus involutem1 nihil      
eminens1 sed inter corpora perfecta est 
perfectissimum2 #aacjtherefore all      
spirits are corporeal he concludes1 and 
in their proper shapes round4 ,that they
 can assume other aerial bodies1 all    
manner of shapes at their pleasures1    
appear in what likeness they will       

themselves1 that they are most swift in 
motion1 can pass many miles in an       
instant1 and so likewise #aacatransform 
bodies of others into what shape they   
please1 and with admirable celerity     
remove them from place to place2 7as the
 ,angel did ,habakkuk to ,daniel1 and as
 ,philip the deacon was carried away by 
the ,spirit1 when he had baptised the   
eunuch2 so did ,pythagoras and          
,apollonius remove themselves and       
others1 with many such feats7 that they 
can represent castles in the air1       
palaces1 armies1 spectrums1 prodigies1  
and such strange objects to mortal men's
 eyes1 #aacb;cause smells1 savours1 c41 
deceive all the senses2 most writers of 
this subject credibly believe2 and that 
they can foretell future events1 and do 
many strange miracles4 ,juno's image    
spake to ,camillus1 and ,fortune's      
statue to the ,roman matrons1 with many 
such4 ,zanchius1 ,bodine1 ,spondanus1   
and others1 are of opinion that they    
cause a true metamorphosis1 as          

,nebuchadnezzar was really translated   
into a beast1 ,lot's wife into a pillar 
of salt2 ,ulysses' companions into hogs 
and dogs1 by ,circe's charms2 turn      
themselves and others1 as they do       
witches into cats1 dogs1 hares1 crows1  
c4 ,strozzius ,cicogna hath many        
examples1 lib4 iii4 omnif4 mag4 cap4 #d 
and #e1 which he there confutes1 as     
,austin likewise doth1 de civ4 ,dei lib4
 xviii4 ,that they can be seen when and 
in what shape1 and to whom they will1   
saith ,psellus1 ,tametsi nil tale       
viderim1 nec optem videre1 though he    
himself never saw them nor desired it2  
and use sometimes carnal copulation 7as 
elsewhere ,i shall #aaccprove more at   
large7 with women and men4 ,many will   
not believe they can be seen1 and if any
 man shall say1 swear1 and stiffly      
maintain1 though he be discreet and     
wise1 judicious and learned1 that he    
hath seen them1 they account him a      
timorous fool1 a melancholy dizzard1 a  
weak fellow1 a dreamer1 a sick or a mad 

man1 they contemn him1 laugh him to     
scorn1 and yet ,marcus of his credit    
told ,psellus that he had often seen    
them4 ,and ,leo ,suavius1 a ,frenchman1 
c4 #h1 in ,commentar4 l4 #a4 ,paracelsi 
de vita longa1 out of some ,platonists1 
will have the air to be as full of them 
as snow falling in the skies1 and that  
they may be seen1 and withal sets down  
the means how men may see them2 ,si     
irreverberatus oculis sole splendente   
versus caelum continuaverint obtutus1   
c41 #aacd;and saith moreover he tried   
it1 praemissorum feci experimentum1 and 
it was true1 that the ,platonists said4 
,paracelsus confesseth that he saw them 
divers times1 and conferred with them1  
and so doth ,alexander ab               
#aace;,alexandro1 that he so found it by
 experience1 when as before he doubted  
of it4 ,many deny it1 saith ,lavater1 de
 spectris1 part #a4 c4 #b1 and part #b4 
c4 #aa1 because they never saw them     
themselves2 but as he reports at large  
all over his book1 especially c4 #ai4   

part #a1 they are often seen and heard1 
and familiarly converse with men1 as    
,lod4 ,vives assureth us1 innumerable   
records1 histories1 and testimonies     
evince in all ages1 times1 places1 and  
#aacf;all travellers besides2 in the    
,west ,indies and our northern climes1  
,nihil familiarius quam in agris et     
urbibus spiritus videre1 audire qui     
vetent1 jubeant1 c4 ,hieronymus vita    
,pauli1 ,basil ser4 #dj1 ,nicephorus1   
,eusebius1 ,socrates1 ,sozomenus1       
#aacg;,jacobus ,boissardus in his tract 
de spirituum apparitionibus1 ,petrus    
,loyerus l4 de spectris1 ,wierus l4 #a4 
have infinite variety of such examples  
of apparitions of spirits1 for him to   
read that farther doubts1 to his ample  
satisfaction4 ,one alone ,i will briefly
 insert4 ,a nobleman in ,germany was    
sent ambassador to the ,king of ,sweden 
7for his name1 the time1 and such       
circumstances1 ,i refer you to          
,boissardus1 mine #aach;,author74 ,after
 he had done his business1 he sailed to 

,livonia1 on set purpose to see those   
familiar spirits1 which are there said  
to be conversant with men1 and do their 
drudgery works4 ,amongst other matters1 
one of them told him where his wife was1
 in what room1 in what clothes1 what    
doing1 and brought him a ring from her1 
which at his return1 non sine omnium    
admiratione1 he found to be true2 and so
 believed that ever after1 which before 
he doubted of4 ,cardan1 l4 #ai4 de      
subtil1 relates of his father1 ,facius  
,cardan1 that after the accustomed      
solemnities1 ,an4 #adia1 #ac ,august1 he
 conjured up seven devils1 in ,greek    
apparel1 about forty years of age1 some 
ruddy of complexion1 and some pale1 as  
he thought2 he asked them many          
questions1 and they made ready answer1  
that they were aerial devils1 that they 
lived and died as men did1 save that    
they were far longer lived 7#gjj or #hjj
 #aaciyears72 they did as much excel men
 in dignity as we do juments1 and were  
as far excelled again of those that were

 above them2 our #aadj;governors and    
keepers they are moreover1 which        
#aada,plato in ,critias delivered of    
old1 and subordinate to one another1 ,ut
 enim homo homini sic daemon daemoni    
dominatur1 they rule themselves as well 
as us1 and the spirits of the meaner    
sort had commonly such offices1 as we   
make horse-keepers1 neat-herds1 and the 
basest of us1 overseers of our cattle2  
and that we can no more apprehend their 
natures and functions1 than a horse a   
man's4 ,they knew all things1 but might 
not reveal them to men2 and ruled and   
domineered over us1 as we do over our   
horses2 the best kings amongst us1 and  
the most generous spirits1 were not     
comparable to the basest of them4       
,sometimes they did instruct men1 and   
communicate their skill1 reward and     
cherish1 and sometimes1 again1 terrify  
and punish1 to keep them in awe1 as they
 thought fit1 ,nihil magis cupientes    
7saith ,lysius1 ,phis4 ,stoicorum7 quam 
adorationem hominum4 #aadb,the same     

,author1 ,cardan1 in his ,hyperchen1 out
 of the doctrine of ,stoics1 will have  
some of these genii 7for so he calls    
them7 to be #aadc;desirous of men's     
company1 very affable and familiar with 
them1 as dogs are2 others1 again1 to    
abhor as serpents1 and care not for     
them4 ,the same belike ,tritemius calls 
,ignios et sublunares1 qui nunquam      
demergunt ad inferiora1 aut vix ullum   
habent in terris commercium3            
#aadd;,generally they far excel men in  
worth1 as a man the meanest worm2 though
 some of them are inferior to those of  
their own rank in worth1 as the         
blackguard in a prince's court1 and to  
men again1 as some degenerate1 base1    
rational creatures1 are excelled of     
brute beasts4 ,that they are mortal1    
besides these testimonies of ,cardan1   
,martianus1 c41 many other divines and  
philosophers hold1 post prolixum tempus 
moriuntur omnes2 ,the #aade,platonists1 
and some ,rabbins1 ,porphyrius and      
,plutarch1 as appears by that relation  

of ,thamus3 #aadf,the great ,god ,pan is
 dead2 ,apollo ,pythius ceased2 and so  
the rest4 ,st4 ,hierome1 in the life of 
,paul the ,hermit1 tells a story how one
 of them appeared to ,st4 ,anthony in   
the wilderness1 and told him as much4   
#aadg,paracelsus of our late writers    
stiffly maintains that they are mortal1 
live and die as other creatures do4     
,zozimus1 l4 #b1 farther adds1 that     
religion and policy dies and alters with
 them4 ,the #aadh;,gentiles' gods1 he   
saith1 were expelled by ,constantine1   
and together with them4 ,imperii ,romani
 majestas1 et fortuna interiit1 et      
profligata est2 ,the fortune and majesty
 of the ,roman ,empire decayed and      
vanished1 as that heathen in            
#aadi,minutius formerly bragged1 when   
the ,jews were overcome by the ,romans1 
the ,jew's ,god was likewise captivated 
by that of ,rome2 and ,rabsakeh to the  
,israelites1 no ,god should deliver them
 out of the hands of the ,assyrians4    
,but these paradoxes of their power1    

corporeity1 mortality1 taking of shapes1
 transposing bodies1 and carnal         
copulations1 are sufficiently confuted  
by ,zanch4 c4 #aj1 l4 #d4 ,pererius in  
his comment1 and ,tostatus questions on 
the #fth of ,gen4 ,th4 ,aquin41 ,st4    
,austin1 ,wierus1 ,th4 ,erastus1        
,delrio1 tom4 #b1 l4 #b1 quaest4 #bi2   
,sebastian ,michaelis1 c4 #b1 de        
spiritibus1 ,d4 ,reinolds ,lect4 #dg4   
,they may deceive the eyes of men1 yet  
not take true bodies1 or make a real    
metamorphosis2 but as ,cicogna proves at
 large1 they are #aaej;,illusoriae1 et  
praestigiatrices transformationes1      
omnif4 mag4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #d1 mere      
illusions and cozenings1 like that tale 
of ,pasetis obulus in ,suidas1 or that  
of ,autolicus1 ,mercury's son1 that     
dwelt in ,parnassus1 who got so much    
treasure by cozenage and stealth4 ,his  
father ,mercury1 because he could leave 
him no wealth1 taught him many fine     
tricks to get means1 #aaea;for he could 
drive away men's cattle1 and if any     

pursued him1 turn them into what shapes 
he would1 and so did mightily enrich    
himself1 hoc astu maximam praedam est   
adsecutus4 ,this1 no doubt1 is as true  
as the rest2 yet thus much in general4  
,thomas1 ,durand1 and others1 grant that
 they have understanding far beyond men1
 can probably conjecture and            
#aaeb;foretell many things2 they can    
cause and cure most diseases1 deceive   
our senses2 they have excellent skill in
 all ,arts and ,sciences2 and that the  
most illiterate devil is ,quovis homine 
scientior 7more knowing than any man71  
as #aaec;,cicogna maintains out of      
others4 ,they know the virtues of herbs1
 plants1 stones1 minerals1 c42 of all   
creatures1 birds1 beasts1 the four      
elements1 stars1 planets1 can aptly     
apply and make use of them as they see  
good2 perceiving the causes of all      
meteors1 and the like3 ,dant se         
coloribus 7as #aaed ,austin hath it7    
accommodant se figuris1 adhaerent sonis1
 subjiciunt se odoribus1 infundunt se   

saporibus1 omnes sensus etiam ipsam     
intelligentiam daemones fallunt1 they   
deceive all our senses1 even our        
understanding itself at once4 #aaee,they
 can produce miraculous alterations in  
the air1 and most wonderful effects1    
conquer armies1 give victories1 help1   
further1 hurt1 cross and alter human    
attempts and projects 7,dei permissu7 as
 they see good themselves4 #aaef,when   
,charles the ,great intended to make a  
channel betwixt the ,rhine and the      
,danube1 look what his workmen did in   
the day1 these spirits flung down in the
 night1 ,ut conatu ,rex desisteret1     
pervicere4 ,such feats can they do4 ,but
 that which ,bodine1 l4 #d1 ,theat4 nat4
 thinks 7following ,tyrius belike1 and  
the ,platonists17 they can tell the     
secrets of a man's heart1 aut           
cogitationes hominum1 is most false2 his
 reasons are weak1 and sufficiently     
confuted by ,zanch4 lib4 #d1 cap4 #i4   
,hierom4 lib4 #b1 com4 in ,mat4 ad cap4 
#ae1 ,athanasius quaest4 #bg1 ad        

,antiochum ,principem1 and others4      
,orders4 ,as for those orders of good   
and bad devils1 which the ,platonists   
hold1 is altogether erroneous1 and those
 ,ethnics boni et mali ,genii1 are to be
 exploded3 these heathen writers agree  
not in this point among themselves1 as  
,dandinus notes1 ,an sint #aaegmali non 
conveniunt1 some will have all spirits  
good or bad to us by a mistake1 as if an
 ,ox or ,horse could discourse1 he would
 say the ,butcher was his enemy because 
he killed him1 the grazier his friend   
because he fed him2 a hunter preserves  
and yet kills his game1 and is hated    
nevertheless of his game2 nec piscatorem
 piscis amare potest1 c4 ,but           
,jamblichus1 ,psellus1 ,plutarch1 and   
most ,platonists acknowledge bad1 et ab 
eorum maleficiis cavendum1 and we should
 beware of their wickedness1 for they   
are enemies of mankind1 and this ,plato 
learned in ,egypt1 that they quarrelled 
with ,jupiter1 and were driven by him   
down to hell4 #aaeh,that which          

#aaei;,apuleius1 ,xenophon1 and ,plato  
contend of ,socrates ,daemonium1 is most
 absurd3 ,that which ,plotinus of his1  
that he had likewise ,deum pro          
,daemonio2 and that which ,porphyry     
concludes of them all in general1 if    
they be neglected in their sacrifice    
they are angry2 nay more1 as ,cardan in 
his ,hipperchen will1 they feed on men's
 souls1 ,elementa sunt plantis          
elementum1 animalibus plantae1 hominibus
 animalia1 erunt et homines aliis1 non  
autem diis1 nimis enim remota est eorum 
natura a nostra1 quapropter daemonibus3 
and so belike that we have so many      
battles fought in all ages1 countries1  
is to make them a feast1 and their sole 
delight3 but to return to that ,i said  
before1 if displeased they fret and     
chafe1 7for they feed belike on the     
souls of beasts1 as we do on their      
bodies7 and send many plagues amongst   
us2 but if pleased1 then they do much   
good2 is as vain as the rest and        
confuted by ,austin1 l4 #i4 c4 #h4 de   

,civ4 ,dei4 ,euseb4 l4 #d4 praepar4     
,evang4 c4 #f4 and others4 ,yet thus    
much ,i find1 that our schoolmen and    
other #aafj;divines make nine kinds of  
bad spirits1 as ,dionysius hath done of 
angels4 ,in the first rank are those    
false gods of the gentiles1 which were  
adored heretofore in several idols1 and 
gave oracles at ,delphos1 and elsewhere2
 whose prince is ,beelzebub4 ,the second
 rank is of liars and equivocators1 as  
,apollo1 ,pythius1 and the like4 ,the   
third are those vessels of anger1       
inventors of all mischief2 as that      
,theutus in ,plato2 ,esay calls them    
#aafavessels of fury2 their prince is   
,belial4 ,the fourth are malicious      
revenging devils2 and their prince is   
,asmodaeus4 ,the fifth kind are         
cozeners1 such as belong to magicians   
and witches2 their prince is ,satan4    
,the sixth are those aerial devils that 
#aafb;corrupt the air and cause plagues1
 thunders1 fires1 c42 spoken of in the  
,apocalypse1 and ,paul to the ,ephesians

 names them the princes of the air2     
,meresin is their prince4 ,the seventh  
is a destroyer1 captain of the furies1  
causing wars1 tumults1 combustions1     
uproars1 mentioned in the ,apocalypse2  
and called ,abaddon4 ,the eighth is that
 accusing or calumniating devil1 whom   
the ,greeks call 1 that drives men to   
despair4 ,the ninth are those tempters  
in several kinds1 and their prince is   
,mammon4 ,psellus makes six kinds1 yet  
none above the ,moon3 ,wierus in his    
,pseudo-monarchia ,daemonis1 out of an  
old book1 makes many more divisions and 
subordinations1 with their several      
names1 numbers1 offices1 c41 but        
,gazaeus cited by #aafc,lipsius will    
have all places full of angels1 spirits1
 and devils1 above and beneath the      
,moon1#aafd;ethereal and aerial1 which  
,austin cites out of ,varro l4 #g4 de   
,civ4 ,dei1 c4 #f4 ,the celestial devils
 above1 and aerial beneath1 or1 as some 
will1 gods above1 ,semi-dei or half gods
 beneath1 ,lares1 ,heroes1 ,genii1 which

 climb higher1 if they lived well1 as   
the ,stoics held2 but grovel on the     
ground as they were baser in their      
lives1 nearer to the earth3 and are     
,manes1 ,lemures1 ,lamiae1 c4 #aafe,they
 will have no place but all full of     
spirits1 devils1 or some other          
inhabitants2 ,plenum ,caelum1 aer1 aqua 
terra1 et omnia sub terra1 saith        
#aaff;,gazaeus2 though ,anthony ,rusca  
in his book de ,inferno1 lib4 v4 cap4   
#g4 would confine them to the middle    
region1 yet they will have them         
everywhere4 ,not so much as a           
hair-breadth empty in heaven1 earth1 or 
waters1 above or under the earth4 ,the  
air is not so full of flies in summer1  
as it is at all times of invisible      
devils3 this #aafg,paracelsus stiffly   
maintains1 and that they have every one 
their several chaos1 others will have   
infinite worlds1 and each world his     
peculiar spirits1 gods1 angels1 and     
devils to govern and punish it4 ,singula
 #aafhnonnulli credunt quoque sidera    

posse ,dici orbes1 terramque appellant  
sidus opacum1 ,cui minimus divum        
praesit4------  ,some persons believe   
each star to be a world1 and this earth 
an opaque star1 over which the least of 
the gods presides4  #aafi;,gregorius    
,tholsanus makes seven kinds of ethereal
 spirits or angels1 according to the    
number of the seven planets1 ,saturnine1
 ,jovial1 ,martial1 of which ,cardan    
discourseth lib4 #bj4 de subtil4 he     
calls them substantias primas1          
,olympicos daemones ,tritemius1 qui     
praesunt ,zodiaco1 c41 and will have    
them to be good angels above1 devils    
beneath the ,moon1 their several names  
and offices he there sets down1 and     
which ,dionysius of ,angels1 will have  
several spirits for several countries1  
men1 offices1 c41 which live about them1
 and as so many assisting powers cause  
their operations1 will have in a word1  
innumerable1 as many of them as there be
 stars in the skies4 #aagj,marcilius    
,ficinus seems to second this opinion1  

out of ,plato1 or from himself1 ,i know 
not1 7still ruling their inferiors1 as  
they do those under them again1 all     
subordinate1 and the nearest to the     
earth rule us1 whom we subdivide into   
good and bad angels1 call gods or       
devils1 as they help or hurt us1 and so 
adore1 love or hate7 but it is most     
likely from ,plato1 for he relying      
wholly on ,socrates1 quem mori potius   
quam mentiri voluisse scribit1 whom he  
says would rather die than tell a       
falsehood1 out of ,socrates' authority  
alone1 made nine kinds of them3 which   
opinion belike ,socrates took from      
,pythagoras1 and he from ,trismegistus1 
he from ,zoroastes1 first ,god1 second  
idea1 #c4 ,intelligences1 #d4           
,arch-,angels1 #e4 ,angels1 #f4 ,devils1
 #g4 ,heroes1 #h4 ,principalities1 #i4  
,princes3 of which some were absolutely 
good1 as gods1 some bad1 some           
indifferent inter deos et homines1 as   
heroes and daemons1 which ruled men1 and
 were called genii1 or as #aaga,proclus 

and ,jamblichus will1 the middle betwixt
 ,god and men4 ,principalities and      
princes1 which commanded and swayed     
kings and countries2 and had several    
places in the spheres perhaps1 for as   
every sphere is higher1 so hath it more 
excellent inhabitants3 which belike is  
that ,galilaeus a ,galileo and ,kepler  
aims at in his nuncio ,syderio1 when he 
will have #aagb,saturnine and ,jovial   
inhabitants3 and which ,tycho ,brahe    
doth in some sort touch or insinuate in 
one of his epistles3 but these things   
#aagc,zanchius justly explodes1 cap4 #c4
 lib4 #d4 ,p4 ,martyr1 in #d4 ,sam4 #bh4
 ,so that according to these men the    
number of ethereal spirits must needs be
 infinite3 for if that be true that some
 of our mathematicians say3 if a stone  
could fall from the starry heaven1 or   
eighth sphere1 and should pass every    
hour an hundred miles1 it would be #fe  
years1 or more1 before it would come to 
ground1 by reason of the great distance 
of heaven from earth1 which contains as 

some say #agj millions #hjj miles1      
besides those other heavens1 whether    
they be crystalline or watery which     
,maginus adds1 which peradventure holds 
as much more1 how many such spirits may 
it contain8 ,and yet for all this       
#aagd,thomas ,albertus1 and most hold   
that there be far more angels than      
devils4 ,sublunary devils1 and their    
kinds4 ,but be they more or less1 ,quod 
supra nos nihil ad nos 7what is beyond  
our comprehension does not concern us74 
,howsoever as ,martianus foolishly      
supposeth1 ,aetherii ,daemones non      
curant res humanas1 they care not for   
us1 do not attend our actions1 or look  
for us1 those ethereal spirits have     
other worlds to reign in belike or      
business to follow4 ,we are only now to 
speak in brief of these sublunary       
spirits or devils3 for the rest1 our    
divines determine that the devil had no 
power over stars1 or heavens2           
#aage;,carminibus coelo possunt deducere
 lunam1 ,c41 7by their charms 7verses7  

they can seduce the moon from the       
heavens74 ,those are poetical fictions1 
and that they can #aagfsistere aquam    
fluviis1 et vertere sidera retro1 c41   
7stop rivers and turn the stars backward
 in their courses7 as ,canadia in       
,horace1 'tis all false4 #aagg ,they are
 confined until the day of judgment to  
this sublunary world1 and can work no   
farther than the four elements1 and as  
,god permits them4 ,wherefore of these  
sublunary devils1 though others divide  
them otherwise according to their       
several places and offices1 ,psellus    
makes six kinds1 fiery1 aerial1         
terrestrial1 watery1 and subterranean   
devils1 besides those fairies1 satyrs1  
nymphs1 c4 ,fiery spirits or devils are 
such as commonly work by blazing stars1 
fire-drakes1 or ignes fatui2 which lead 
men often in flumina aut praecipitia1   
saith ,bodine1 lib4 #b4 ,theat4         
,naturae1 fol4 #bba4 ,quos inquit arcere
 si volunt viatores1 clara voce ,deum   
appellare aut pronam facie terram       

contingente adorare oportet1 et hoc     
amuletum majoribus nostris acceptum     
ferre debemus1 c41 7whom if travellers  
wish to keep off they must pronounce the
 name of ,god with a clear voice1 or    
adore him with their faces in contact   
with the ground1 c472 likewise they     
counterfeit suns and moons1 stars       
oftentimes1 and sit on ship masts3 ,in  
navigiorum summitatibus visuntur2 and   
are called dioscuri1 as ,eusebius l4    
contra ,philosophos1 c4 xlviii4         
informeth us1 out of the authority of   
,zenophanes2 or little clouds1 ad motum 
nescio quem volantes2 which never       
appear1 saith ,cardan1 but they signify 
some mischief or other to come unto men1
 though some again will have them to    
pretend good1 and victory to that side  
they come towards in sea fights1 ,st4   
,elmo's fires they commonly call them1  
and they do likely appear after a sea   
storm2 ,radzivilius1 the ,polonian duke1
 calls this apparition1 ,sancti ,germani
 sidus2 and saith moreover that he saw  

the same after in a storm1 as he was    
sailing1 #aehb1 from ,alexandria to     
,rhodes4 #aagh,our stories are full of  
such apparitions in all kinds4 ,some    
think they keep their residence in that 
,hecla1 a mountain in ,iceland1 ,aetna  
in ,sicily1 ,lipari1 ,vesuvius1 c4      
,these devils were worshipped heretofore
 by that superstitious ,pyromanteia     
#aagi;and the like4 ,aerial spirits or  
devils1 are such as keep quarter most   
part in the #aahj air1 cause many       
tempests1 thunder1 and lightnings1 tear 
oaks1 fire steeples1 houses1 strike men 
and beasts1 make it rain stones1 as in  
,livy's time1 wool1 frogs1 c4           
,counterfeit armies in the air1 strange 
noises1 swords1 c41 as at ,vienna before
 the coming of the ,turks1 and many     
times in ,rome1 as ,scheretzius l4 de   
spect4 c4 #a4 part #a4 ,lavater de      
spect4 part4 #a4 c4 #ag4 ,julius        
,obsequens1 an old ,roman1 in his book  
of prodigies1 ab urb4 cond4 #eje4       
#aaha,machiavel hath illustrated by many

 examples1 and ,josephus1 in his book de
 bello ,judaico1 before the destruction 
of ,jerusalem4 ,all which ,guil4        
,postellus1 in his first book1 c4 #g1 de
 orbis concordia1 useth as an effectual 
argument 7as indeed it is7 to persuade  
them that will not believe there be     
spirits or devils4 ,they cause          
whirlwinds on a sudden1 and tempestuous 
storms2 which though our meteorologists 
generally refer to natural causes1 yet  
,i am of ,bodine's mind1 ,theat4 ,nat4  
l4 #b4 they are more often caused by    
those aerial devils1 in their several   
quarters2 for ,tempestatibus se         
ingerunt1 saith #aahb ,rich4 ,argentine2
 as when a desperate man makes away with
 himself1 which by hanging or drowning  
they frequently do1 as ,kommanus        
observes1 de mirac4 mort4 part4 #g1 c4  
#gf4 tripudium agentes1 dancing and     
rejoicing at the death of a sinner4     
,these can corrupt the air1 and cause   
plagues1 sickness1 storms1 shipwrecks1  
fires1 inundations4 ,at ,mons ,draconis 

in ,italy1 there is a most memorable    
example in #aahc;,jovianus ,pontanus3   
and nothing so familiar 7if we may      
believe those relations of ,saxo        
,grammaticus1 ,olaus ,magnus1 ,damianus 
,a4 ,goes7 as for witches and sorcerers1
 in ,lapland1 ,lithuania1 and all over  
,scandia1 to sell winds to mariners1 and
 cause tempests1 which ,marcus ,paulus  
the ,venetian relates likewise of the   
,tartars4 ,these kind of devils are much
 #aahd;delighted in sacrifices 7saith   
,porphyry71 held all the world in awe1  
and had several names1 idols1           
sacrifices1 in ,rome1 ,greece1 ,egypt1  
and at this day tyrannise over1 and     
deceive those ,ethnics and ,indians1    
being adored and worshipped for #aahe   
gods4 ,for the ,gentiles' gods were     
devils 7as #aahf,trismegistus confesseth
 in his ,asclepius71 and he himself     
could make them come to their images by 
magic spells3 and are now as much       
respected by our papists 7saith #aahg   
,pictorius7 under the name of saints4   

,these are they which ,cardan thinks    
desire so much carnal copulation with   
witches 7,incubi and ,succubi71         
transform bodies1 and are so very cold1 
if they be touched2 and that serve      
magicians4 ,his father had one of them  
7as he is not ashamed to relate71       
#aahh;an aerial devil1 bound to him for 
twenty and eight years4 ,as ,agrippa's  
dog had a devil tied to his collar2 some
 think that ,paracelsus 7or else        
,erastus belies him7 had one confined to
 his sword pummel2 others wear them in  
rings1 c4 ,jannes and ,jambres did many 
things of old by their help2 ,simon     
,magus1 ,cinops1 ,apollonius ,tianeus1  
,jamblichus1 and ,tritemius of late1    
that showed ,maximilian the emperor his 
wife1 after she was dead2 ,et verrucam  
in collo ejus 7saith #aahi;,godolman7 so
 much as the wart in her neck4 ,delrio1 
lib4 #b4 hath divers examples of their  
feats3 ,cicogna1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4 and  
,wierus in his book de praestig4        
daemonum4 ,boissardus de magis et       

veneficis4 ,water-devils are those      
,naiads or water nymphs which have been 
heretofore conversant about waters and  
rivers4 ,the water 7as ,paracelsus      
thinks7 is their chaos1 wherein they    
live2 some call them fairies1 and say   
that ,habundia is their queen2 these    
cause inundations1 many times           
shipwrecks1 and deceive men divers ways1
 as ,succuba1 or otherwise1 appearing   
most part 7saith ,tritemius7 in women's 
shapes4 #aaij,paracelsus hath several   
stories of them that have lived and been
 married to mortal men1 and so continued
 for certain years with them1 and after1
 upon some dislike1 have forsaken them4 
,such a one as ,aegeria1 with whom ,numa
 was so familiar1 ,diana1 ,ceres1 c4    
#aaia,olaus ,magnus hath a long         
narration of one ,hotherus1 a king of   
,sweden1 that having lost his company1  
as he was hunting one day1 met with     
these water nymphs or fairies1 and was  
feasted by them2 and ,hector ,boethius1 
or ,macbeth1 and ,banquo1 two ,scottish 

lords1 that as they were wandering in   
the woods1 had their fortunes told them 
by three strange women4 ,to these1      
heretofore1 they did use to sacrifice1  
by that 1 or divination by waters4      
,terrestrial devils are those           
#aaib,lares1 genii1 fauns1 satyrs1 #aaic
 wood-nymphs1 foliots1 fairies1 ,robin  
,goodfellows1 trulli1 c41 which as they 
are most conversant with men1 so they do
 them most harm4 ,some think it was they
 alone that kept the heathen people in  
awe of old1 and had so many idols and   
temples erected to them4 ,of this range 
was ,dagon amongst the ,philistines1    
,bel amongst the ,babylonians1 ,astartes
 amongst the ,sidonians1 ,baal amongst  
the ,samaritans1 ,isis and ,osiris      
amongst the ,egyptians1 c42 some put our
 #aaid;fairies into this rank1 which    
have been in former times adored with   
much superstition1 with sweeping their  
houses1 and setting of a pail of clean  
water1 good victuals1 and the like1 and 
then they should not be pinched1 but    

find money in their shoes1 and be       
fortunate in their enterprises4 ,these  
are they that dance on heaths and       
greens1 as #aaie ,lavater thinks with   
,tritemius1 and as #aaif,olaus ,magnus  
adds1 leave that green circle1 which we 
commonly find in plain fields1 which    
others hold to proceed from a meteor    
falling1 or some accidental rankness of 
the ground1 so nature sports herself2   
they are sometimes seen by old women and
 children4 ,hierom4 ,pauli1 in his      
description of the city of ,bercino in  
,spain1 relates how they have been      
familiarly seen near that town1 about   
fountains and hills2 ,nonnunquam 7saith 
,tritemius7 in sua latibula montium     
simpliciores homines ducant1 stupenda   
mirantibus ostentes miracula1 nolarum   
sonitus1 spectacula1 c4 #aaig;,giraldus 
,cambrensis gives instance in a monk of 
,wales that was so deluded4             
#aaih,paracelsus reckons up many places 
in ,germany1 where they do usually walk 
in little coats1 some two feet long4 ,a 

bigger kind there is of them called with
 us hobgoblins1 and ,robin ,goodfellows1
 that would in those superstitious times
 grind corn for a mess of milk1 cut     
wood1 or do any manner of drudgery work4
 ,they would mend old irons in those    
,aeolian isles of ,lipari1 in former    
ages1 and have been often seen and      
heard4 #aaii,tholosanus calls them      
trullos and ,getulos1 and saith1 that in
 his days they were common in many      
places of ,france4 ,dithmarus           
,bleskenius1 in his description of      
,iceland1 reports for a certainty1 that 
almost in every family they have yet    
some such familiar spirits2 and ,felix  
,malleolus1 in his book de crudel4      
daemon4 affirms as much1 that these     
trolli or telchines are very common in  
,norway1 and #abjj seen to do drudgery  
work2 to draw water1 saith ,wierus1 lib4
 #a4 cap4 #bb1 dress meat1 or any such  
thing4 ,another sort of these there are1
 which frequent forlorn #abja;houses1   
which the ,italians call foliots1 most  

part innoxious1 #abjb;,cardan holds2    
,they will make strange noises in the   
night1 howl sometimes pitifully1 and    
then laugh again1 cause great flame and 
sudden lights1 fling stones1 rattle     
chains1 shave men1 open doors and shut  
them1 fling down platters1 stools1      
chests1 sometimes appear in the likeness
 of hares1 crows1 black dogs1 c4 of     
which read #abjc,pet ,thyraeus the      
,jesuit1 in his ,tract1 de locis        
infestis1 part4 #a4 et cap4 #d1 who will
 have them to be devils or the souls of 
damned men that seek revenge1 or else   
souls out of purgatory that seek ease2  
for such examples peruse #abjd          
,sigismundus ,scheretzius1 lib4 de      
spectris1 part #a4 c4 #a4 which he saith
 he took out of ,luther most part2 there
 be many instances4 #abje,plinius       
,secundus remembers such a house at     
,athens1 which ,athenodorus the         
philosopher hired1 which no man durst   
inhabit for fear of devils4 ,austin1 de 
,civ4 ,dei4 lib4 #bb1 cap4 #a4 relates  

as much of ,hesperius the ,tribune's    
house1 at ,zubeda1 near their city of   
,hippos1 vexed with evil spirits1 to his
 great hindrance1 ,cum afflictione      
animalium et servorum suorum4 ,many such
 instances are to be read in ,niderius  
,formicar1 lib4 #e4 cap4 xii4 #c4 c4    
,whether ,i may call these ,zim and     
,ochim1 which ,isaiah1 cap4 xiii4 #ba4  
speaks of1 ,i make a doubt4 ,see more of
 these in the said ,scheretz4 lib4 #a4  
de spect4 cap4 #d4 he is full of        
examples4 ,these kind of devils many    
times appear to men1 and affright them  
out of their wits1 sometimes walking at 
#abjfnoonday1 sometimes at nights1      
counterfeiting dead men's ghosts1 as    
that of ,caligula1 which 7saith         
,suetonius7 was seen to walk in         
,lavinia's garden1 where his body was   
buried1 spirits haunted1 and the house  
where he died1 #abjg,nulla nox sine     
terrore transacta1 donec incendio       
consumpta2 every night this happened1   
there was no quietness1 till the house  

was burned4 ,about ,hecla1 in ,iceland1 
ghosts commonly walk1 animas mortuorum  
simulantes1 saith ,joh4 ,anan1 lib4 #c4 
de nat4 daem4 ,olaus4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #b4 
,natal ,tallopid4 lib4 de apparit4 spir4
 ,kornmannus de mirac4 mort4 part4 #a4  
cap4 #dd4 such sights are frequently    
seen circa sepulchra et monasteria1     
saith ,lavat4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ai4 in     
monasteries and about churchyards1 loca 
paludinosa1 ampla aedificia1 solitaria1 
et caede hominum notata1 c4 7marshes1   
great buildings1 solitary places1 or    
remarkable as the scene of some murder47
 ,thyreus adds1 ubi gravius peccatum est
 commissum1 impii1 pauperum oppressores 
et nequiter insignes habitant 7where    
some very heinous crime was committed1  
there the impious and infamous generally
 dwell74 ,these spirits often foretell  
men's deaths by several signs1 as       
knocking1 groanings1 c4 #abjhthough     
,rich4 ,argentine1 c4 #ah4 de           
praestigiis daemonum1 will ascribe these
 predictions to good angels1 out of the 

authority of ,ficinus and others2       
prodigia in obitu principum saepius     
contingunt1 c4 7prodigies frequently    
occur at the deaths of illustrious men71
 as in the ,lateran church in           
#abji,rome1 the popes' deaths are       
foretold by ,sylvester's tomb4 ,near    
,rupes ,nova in ,finland1 in the kingdom
 of ,sweden1 there is a lake1 in which1 
before the governor of the castle dies1 
a spectrum1 in the habit of ,arion with 
his harp1 appears1 and makes excellent  
music1 like those blocks in ,cheshire1  
which 7they say7 presage death to the   
master of the family2 or that #abajoak  
in ,lanthadran park in ,cornwall1 which 
foreshows as much4 ,many families in    
,europe are so put in mind of their last
 by such predictions1 and many men are  
forewarned 7if we may believe           
,paracelsus7 by familiar spirits in     
divers shapes1 as cocks1 crows1 owls1   
which often hover about sick men's      
chambers1 vel quia morientium foeditatem
 sentiunt1 as #abaa;,baracellus         

conjectures1 et ideo super tectum       
infirmorum crocitant1 because they smell
 a corse2 or for that 7as               
#abab;,bernardinus de ,bustis thinketh7 
,god permits the devil to appear in the 
form of crows1 and such like creatures1 
to scare such as live wickedly here on  
earth4 ,a little before ,tully's death  
7saith ,plutarch7 the crows made a      
mighty noise about him1 tumultuose      
perstrepentes1 they pulled the pillow   
from under his head4 ,rob4 ,gaguinus1   
hist4 ,franc4 lib4 #h1 telleth such     
another wonderful story at the death of 
,johannes de ,monteforti1 a ,french     
lord1 anno #acde1 tanta corvorum        
multitudo aedibus morientis insedit1    
quantam esse in ,gallia nemo judicasset 
7a multitude of crows alighted on the   
house of the dying man1 such as no one  
imagined existed in ,france74 ,such     
prodigies are very frequent in authors4 
,see more of these in the said ,lavater1
 ,thyreus de locis infestis1 part #c1   
cap4 #eh4 ,pictorius1 ,delrio1 ,cicogna1

 lib4 #c1 cap4 #i4 ,necromancers take   
upon them to raise and lay them at their
 pleasures3 and so likewise1 those which
 ,mizaldus calls ambulones1 that walk   
about midnight on great heaths and      
desert places1 which 7saith             
#abac,lavater7 draw men out of the way1 
and lead them all night a byway1 or     
quite bar them of their way2 these have 
several names in several places2 we     
commonly call them ,pucks4 ,in the      
deserts of ,lop1 in ,asia1 such         
illusions of walking spirits are often  
perceived1 as you may read in ,m4       
,paulus the ,venetian his travels2 if   
one lose his company by chance1 these   
devils will call him by his name1 and   
counterfeit voices of his companions to 
seduce him4 ,hieronym4 ,pauli1 in his   
book of the hills of ,spain1 relates of 
a great #abadmount in ,cantabria1 where 
such spectrums are to be seen2 ,lavater 
and ,cicogna have variety of examples of
 spirits and walking devils in this     
kind4 ,sometimes they sit by the highway

 side1 to give men falls1 and make their
 horses stumble and start as they ride  
7if you will believe the relation of    
that holy man ,ketellus in              
#abae,nubrigensis71 that had an especial
 grace to see devils1 ,gratiam divinitus
 collatam1 and talk with them1 ,et      
impavidus cum spiritibus sermonem       
miscere1 without offence1 and if a man  
curse or spur his horse for stumbling1  
they do heartily rejoice at it2 with    
many such pretty feats4 ,subterranean   
devils are as common as the rest1 and do
 as much harm4 ,olaus ,magnus1 lib4 #f1 
cap4 #ai1 make six kinds of them2 some  
bigger1 some less4 ,these 7saith        
#abaf,munster7 are commonly seen about  
mines of metals1 and are some of them   
noxious2 some again do no harm4 ,the    
metal-men in many places account it good
 luck1 a sign of treasure and rich ore  
when they see them4 ,georgius ,agricola1
 in his book de subterraneis            
animantibus1 cap4 #cg1 reckons two more 
notable kinds of them1 which he calls   

#abag;getuli and cobali1 both are       
clothed after the manner of metal-men1  
and will many times imitate their works4
 ,their office1 as ,pictorius and       
,paracelsus think1 is to keep treasure  
in the earth1 that it be not all at once
 revealed2 and besides1 #abah;,cicogna  
avers that they are the frequent causes 
of those horrible earthquakes which     
often swallow up1 not only houses1 but  
whole islands and cities2 in his third  
book1 cap4 #aa1 he gives many instances4
 ,the last are conversant about the     
centre of the earth to torture the souls
 of damned men to the day of judgment2  
their egress and regress some suppose to
 be about ,etna1 ,lipari1 ,mons ,hecla  
in ,iceland1 ,vesuvius1 ,terra del      
,fuego1 c41 because many shrieks and    
fearful cries are continually heard     
thereabouts1 and familiar apparitions of
 dead men1 ghosts and goblins4 ,their   
,offices1 ,operations1 ,study4 ,thus the
 devil reigns1 and in a thousand several
 shapes1 as a roaring lion still seeks  

whom he may devour1 #a ,pet4 v41 by sea1
 land1 air1 as yet unconfined1 though   
#abai some will have his proper place   
the air2 all that space between us and  
the moon for them that transgressed     
least1 and hell for the wickedest of    
them1 ,hic velut in carcere ad finem    
mundi1 tunc in locum funestiorum        
trudendi1 as ,austin holds de ,civit4   
,dei1 c4 #bb1 lib4 #ad1 cap4 #c et #bc2 
but be where he will1 he rageth while he
 may to comfort himself1 as #abbj       
,lactantius thinks1 with other men's    
falls1 he labours all he can to bring   
them into the same pit of perdition with
 him4 ,for #abbamen's miseries1         
calamities1 and ruins are the devil's   
banqueting dishes4 ,by many temptations 
and several engines1 he seeks to        
captivate our souls4 ,the ,lord of      
,lies1 saith #abbb;,austin1 as he was   
deceived himself1 he seeks to deceive   
others1 the ringleader to all           
naughtiness1 as he did by ,eve and      
,cain1 ,sodom and ,gomorrah1 so would he

 do by all the world4 ,sometimes he     
tempts by covetousness1 drunkenness1    
pleasure1 pride1 c41 errs1 dejects1     
saves1 kills1 protects1 and rides some  
men1 as they do their horses4 ,he       
studies our overthrow1 and generally    
seeks our destruction2 and although he  
pretend many times human good1 and      
vindicate himself for a god by curing of
 several diseases1 aegris sanitatem1 et 
caecis luminis usum restituendo1 as     
,austin declares1 lib4 #aj1 de civit    
,dei1 cap4 #f1 as ,apollo1 ,aesculapius1
 ,isis1 of old have done2 divert        
plagues1 assist them in wars1 pretend   
their happiness1 yet nihil his impurius1
 scelestius1 nihil humano generi        
infestius1 nothing so impure1 nothing so
 pernicious1 as may well appear by their
 tyrannical and bloody sacrifices of men
 to ,saturn and ,moloch1 which are still
 in use among those barbarous ,indians1 
their several deceits and cozenings to  
keep men in obedience1 their false      
oracles1 sacrifices1 their superstitious

 impositions of fasts1 penury1 c4       
,heresies1 superstitious observations of
 meats1 times1 c41 by which they #abbc  
crucify the souls of mortal men1 as     
shall be showed in our ,treatise of     
,religious ,melancholy4 ,modico adhuc   
tempore sinitur malignari1 as #abbd     
,bernard expresseth it1 by ,god's       
permission he rageth a while1 hereafter 
to be confined to hell and darkness1    
which is prepared for him and his       
angels1 ,mat4 xxv4 ,how far their power 
doth extend it is hard to determine2    
what the ancients held of their effects1
 force and operations1 ,i will briefly  
show you3 ,plato in ,critias1 and after 
him his followers1 gave out that these  
spirits or devils1 were men's governors 
and keepers1 our lords and masters1 as  
we are of our cattle4 #abbe,they govern 
provinces and kingdoms by oracles1      
auguries1 dreams1 rewards and           
punishments1 prophecies1 inspirations1  
sacrifices1 and religious superstitions1
 varied in as many forms as there be    

diversity of spirits2 they send wars1   
plagues1 peace1 sickness1 health1       
dearth1 plenty1 #abbf;,adstantes hic jam
 nobis1 spectantes1 et arbitrantes1 c4  
as appears by those histories of        
,thucydides1 ,livius1 ,dionysius        
,halicarnassus1 with many others that   
are full of their wonderful stratagems1 
and were therefore by those ,roman and  
,greek commonwealths adored and         
worshipped for gods with prayers and    
sacrifices1 c4 #abbg;,in a word1 ,nihil 
magis quaerunt quam metum et            
admirationem hominum2 #abbh;and as      
another hath it1 ,dici non potest1 quam 
impotenti ardore in homines dominium1 et
 ,divinos cultus maligni spiritus       
affectent4 #abbi,tritemius in his book  
de septem secundis1 assigns names to    
such angels as are governors of         
particular provinces1 by what authority 
,i know not1 and gives them several     
jurisdictions4 ,asclepiades a ,grecian1 
,rabbi ,achiba the ,jew1 ,abraham       
,avenezra1 and ,rabbi ,azariel1         

,arabians1 7as ,i find them cited by    
#abcj;,cicogna7 farther add1 that they  
are not our governors only1 ,sed ex     
eorum concordia et discordia1 boni et   
mali affectus promanant1 but as they    
agree1 so do we and our princes1 or     
disagree2 stand or fall4 ,juno was a    
bitter enemy to ,troy1 ,apollo a good   
friend1 ,jupiter indifferent1 ,aequa    
,venus ,teucris1 ,pallas iniqua fuit2   
some are for us still1 some against us1 
,premente ,deo1 fert ,deus alter opem4  
,religion1 policy1 public and private   
quarrels1 wars are procured by them1 and
 they are #abca;delighted perhaps to see
 men fight1 as men are with cocks1 bulls
 and dogs1 bears1 c41 plagues1 dearths  
depend on them1 our bene and male esse1 
and almost all our other peculiar       
actions1 7for as ,anthony ,rusea        
contends1 lib4 #e1 cap4 #ah1 every man  
hath a good and a bad angel attending on
 him in particular1 all his life long1  
which ,jamblichus calls daemonem17      
preferments1 losses1 weddings1 deaths1  

rewards and punishments1 and as         
#abcb,proclus will1 all offices         
whatsoever1 alii genetricem1 alii       
opificem potestatem habent1 c4 and      
several names they give them according  
to their offices1 as ,lares1 ,indegites1
 ,praestites1 c4 ,when the ,arcades in  
that battle at ,cheronae1 which was     
fought against ,king ,philip for the    
liberty of ,greece1 had deceitfully     
carried themselves1 long after1 in the  
very same place1 ,diis ,graeciae1       
ultoribus 7saith mine author7 they were 
miserably slain by ,metellus the ,roman3
 so likewise1 in smaller matters1 they  
will have things fall out1 as these boni
 and mali genii favour or dislike us3   
,saturni non conveniunt ,jovialibus1 c4 
,he that is ,saturninus shall never     
likely be preferred4 #abcc,that base    
fellows are often advanced1 undeserving 
,gnathoes1 and vicious parasites1       
whereas discreet1 wise1 virtuous and    
worthy men are neglected and unrewarded2
 they refer to those domineering        

spirits1 or subordinate ,genii2 as they 
are inclined1 or favour men1 so they    
thrive1 are ruled and overcome2 for as  
#abcd,libanius supposeth in our ordinary
 conflicts and contentions1 ,genius     
,genio cedit et obtemperat1 one genius  
yields and is overcome by another4 ,all 
particular events almost they refer to  
these private spirits2 and 7as          
,paracelsus adds7 they direct1 teach1   
inspire1 and instruct men4 ,never was   
any man extraordinary famous in any art1
 action1 or great commander1 that had   
not familiarem daemonem to inform him1  
as ,numa1 ,socrates1 and many such1 as  
,cardan illustrates1 cap4 #abh1 ,arcanis
 prudentiae civilis1 #abce ,speciali    
siquidem gratia1 se a ,deo donari       
asserunt magi1 a ,geniis caelestibus    
instrui1 ab iis doceri4 ,but these are  
most erroneous paradoxes1 ineptae et    
fabulosae nugae1 rejected by our divines
 and ,christian churches4 ',tis true    
they have1 by ,god's permission1 power  
over us1 and we find by experience1 that

 they can #abcf;hurt not our fields     
only1 cattle1 goods1 but our bodies and 
minds4 ,at ,hammel in ,saxony1 ,an4     
#adhd4 #bj ,junii1 the devil1 in        
likeness of a pied piper1 carried away  
#acj children that were never after     
seen4 ,many times men are               
#abcg;affrighted out of their wits1     
carried away quite1 as ,scheretzius     
illustrates1 lib4 #a1 c4 iv41 and       
severally molested by his means1        
,plotinus the ,platonist1 lib4 #ad1     
advers4 ,gnos4 laughs them to scorn1    
that hold the devil or spirits can cause
 any such diseases4 ,many think he can  
work upon the body1 but not upon the    
mind4 ,but experience pronounceth       
otherwise1 that he can work both upon   
body and mind4 ,tertullian is of this   
opinion1 c4 #bb4 #abch,that he can cause
 both sickness and health1 and that     
secretly4 #abci,taurellus adds by       
clancular poisons he can infect the     
bodies1 and hinder the operations of the
 bowels1 though we perceive it not1     

closely creeping into them1 saith       
#abdj,lipsius1 and so crucify our souls3
 ,et nociva melancholia furiosos        
efficit4 ,for being a spiritual body1 he
 struggles with our spirits1 saith      
,rogers1 and suggests 7according to     
#abda;,cardan1 verba sine voce1 species 
sine visu1 envy1 lust1 anger1 c47 as he 
sees men inclined4 ,the manner how he   
performs it1 ,biarmannus in his ,oration
 against ,bodine1 sufficiently declares4
 #abdb;,he begins first with the        
phantasy1 and moves that so strongly1   
that no reason is able to resist4 ,now  
the phantasy he moves by mediation of   
humours2 although many physicians are of
 opinion1 that the devil can alter the  
mind1 and produce this disease of       
himself4 ,quibusdam medicorum visum1    
saith #abdc;,avicenna1 quod ,melancholia
 contingat a daemonio4 ,of the same mind
 is ,psellus and ,rhasis the ,arab4 lib4
 #a4 ,tract4 #i4 ,cont4 #abdd,that this 
disease proceeds especially from the    
devil1 and from him alone4 ,arculanus1  

cap4 #f4 in #i4 ,rhasis1 ,aelianus      
,montaltus1 in his #i4 cap4 ,daniel     
,sennertus1 lib4 #a4 part4 #b4 cap4 #aa4
 confirm as much1 that the devil can    
cause this disease2 by reason many times
 that the parties affected prophesy1    
speak strange language1 but non sine    
interventu humoris1 not without the     
humour1 as he interprets himself2 no    
more doth ,avicenna1 si contingat a     
daemonio1 sufficit nobis ut convertat   
complexionem ad choleram nigram1 et sit 
causa ejus propinqua cholera nigra2 the 
immediate cause is choler adust1 which  
#abde ,pomponatius likewise labours to  
make good3 ,galgerandus of ,mantua1 a   
famous physician1 so cured a demoniacal 
woman in his time1 that spake all       
languages1 by purging black choler1 and 
thereupon belike this humour of         
melancholy is called balneum diaboli1   
the devil's bath2 the devil spying his  
opportunity of such humours drives them 
many times to despair1 fury1 rage1 c41  
mingling himself among these humours4   

,this is that which ,tertullian avers1  
,corporibus infligunt acerbos casus1    
animaeque repentinos1 membra            
distorquent1 occulte repentes1 c4 and   
which ,lemnius goes about to prove1     
,immiscent se mali ,genii pravis        
humoribus1 atque atrae1 bili1 c4 ,and   
#abdf;,jason ,pratensis1 that the devil1
 being a slender incomprehensible       
spirit1 can easily insinuate and wind   
himself into human bodies1 and cunningly
 couched in our bowels vitiate our      
healths1 terrify our souls with fearful 
dreams1 and shake our minds with furies4
 ,and in another place1 ,these unclean  
spirits settled in our bodies1 and now  
mixed with our melancholy humours1 do   
triumph as it were1 and sport themselves
 as in another heaven4 ,thus he argues1 
and that they go in and out of our      
bodies1 as bees do in a hive1 and so    
provoke and tempt us as they perceive   
our temperature inclined of itself1 and 
most apt to be deluded4 #abdg ,agrippa  
and #abdh,lavater are persuaded1 that   

this humour invites the devil to it1    
wheresoever it is in extremity1 and of  
all other1 melancholy persons are most  
subject to diabolical temptations and   
illusions1 and most apt to entertain    
them1 and the ,devil best able to work  
upon them4 ,but whether by obsession1 or
 possession1 or otherwise1 ,i will not  
determine2 'tis a difficult question4   
,delrio the ,jesuit1 ,tom4 #c4 lib4 #f4 
,springer and his colleague1 mall4      
malef4 ,pet4 ,thyreus the ,jesuit1 lib4 
de daemoniacis1 de locis infestis1 de   
,terrificationibus nocturnis1           
,hieronymus ,mengus ,flagel4 daem4 and  
others of that rank of pontifical       
writers1 it seems1 by their exorcisms   
and conjurations approve of it1 having  
forged many stories to that purpose4 ,a 
nun did eat a lettuce #abdiwithout      
grace1 or signing it with the sign of   
the cross1 and was instantly possessed4 
,durand4 lib4 #f4 ,rationall4 c4 #hf4   
numb4 #h4 relates that he saw a wench   
possessed in ,bononia with two devils1  

by eating an unhallowed pomegranate1 as 
she did afterwards confess1 when she was
 cured by exorcisms4 ,and therefore our 
,papists do sign themselves so often    
with the sign of the cross1 ,ne daemon  
ingredi ausit1 and exorcise all manner  
of meats1 as being unclean or accursed  
otherwise1 as ,bellarmine defends4 ,many
 such stories ,i find amongst pontifical
 writers1 to prove their assertions1 let
 them free their own credits2 some few  
,i will recite in this kind out of most 
approved physicians4 ,cornelius ,gemma1 
lib4 #b4 de nat4 mirac4 c4 #d4 relates  
of a young maid1 called ,katherine      
,gualter1 a cooper's daughter1 an4      
#aega4 that had such strange passions   
and convulsions1 three men could not    
sometimes hold her2 she purged a live   
eel1 which he saw1 a foot and a half    
long1 and touched it himself2 but the   
eel afterwards vanished2 she vomited    
some twenty-four pounds of fulsome stuff
 of all colours1 twice a day for        
fourteen days2 and after that she voided

 great balls of hair1 pieces of wood1   
pigeon's dung1 parchment1 goose dung1   
coals2 and after them two pounds of pure
 blood1 and then again coals and stones1
 or which some had inscriptions bigger  
than a walnut1 some of them pieces of   
glass1 brass1 c4 besides paroxysms of   
laughing1 weeping and ecstasies1 c4 ,et 
hoc 7inquit7 cum horore vidi1 this ,i   
saw with horror4 ,they could do no good 
on her by physic1 but left her to the   
clergy4 ,marcellus ,donatus1 lib4 #b4 c4
 #a4 de med4 mirab4 hath such another   
story of a country fellow1 that had four
 knives in his belly1 ,instar serrae    
dentatos1 indented like a saw1 every one
 a span long1 and a wreath of hair like 
a globe1 with much baggage of like sort1
 wonderful to behold3 how it should come
 into his guts1 he concludes1 ,certe non
 alio quam daemonis astutia et dolo1    
7could assuredly only have been through 
the artifice of the devil74 ,langius1   
,epist4 med4 lib4 #a4 ,epist4 #ch4 hath 
many relations to this effect1 and so   

hath ,christophorus a ,vega3 ,wierus1   
,skenkius1 ,scribanius1 all agree that  
they are done by the subtlety and       
illusion of the devil4 ,if you shall ask
 a reason of this1 'tis to exercise our 
patience2 for as #abej,tertullian holds1
 ,virtus non est virtus1 nisi comparem  
habet aliquem1 in quo superando vim suam
 ostendat 'tis to try us and our faith1 
'tis for our offences1 and for the      
punishment of our sins1 by ,god's       
permission they do it1 ,carnifices      
vindictae justae ,dei1 as               
#abea,tolosanus styles them1            
,executioners of his will2 or rather as 
,david1 ,ps4 #gh4 ver4 #di4 ,he cast    
upon them the fierceness of his anger1  
indignation1 wrath1 and vexation1 by    
sending out of evil angels3 so did he   
afflict ,job1 ,saul1 the ,lunatics and  
demoniacal persons whom ,christ cured1  
,mat4 iv4 #h4 ,luke iv4 #aa4 ,luke xiii4
 ,mark ix4 ,tobit4 viii4 #c4 c4 ,this1  
,i say1 happeneth for a punishment of   
sin1 for their want of faith1           

incredulity1 weakness1 distrust1 c4     
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,of ,witches and     
,magicians1 how they cause ,melancholy4 
,you have heard what the devil can do of
 himself1 now you shall hear what he can
 perform by his instruments1 who are    
many times worse 7if it be possible7    
than he himself1 and to satisfy their   
revenge and lust cause more mischief1   
,multa enim mala non egisset daemon1    
nisi provocatus a sagis1 as             
#abeb;,erastus thinks2 much harm had    
never been done1 had he not been        
provoked by witches to it4 ,he had not  
appeared in ,samuel's shape1 if the     
,witch of ,endor had let him alone2 or  
represented those serpents in ,pharaoh's
 presence1 had not the magicians urged  
him unto it2 ,nec morbos vel hominibus1 
vel brutis infligeret 7,erastus         
maintains7 si sagae quiescerent2 men and
 cattle might go free1 if the witches   
would let him alone4 ,many deny witches 
at all1 or if there be any they can do  
no harm2 of this opinion is ,wierus1    

lib4 #c4 cap4 #ec4 de praestig4 daem4   
,austin ,lerchemer a ,dutch writer1     
,biarmanus1 ,ewichius1 ,euwaldus1 our   
countryman ,scot2 with him in ,horace1  
,somnia1 terrores ,magicos1 miracula1   
sagas1 ,nocturnos ,lemures1 portentaque 
,thessala risu ,excipiunt4------  ,say1 
can you laugh indignant at the schemes  
,of magic terrors1 visionary dreams1    
,portentous wonders1 witching imps of   
,hell1 ,the nightly goblin1 and         
enchanting spell8  ,they laugh at all   
such stories2 but on the contrary are   
most lawyers1 divines1 physicians1      
philosophers1 ,austin1 ,hemingius1      
,danaeus1 ,chytraeus1 ,zanchius1        
,aretius1 c4 ,delrio1 ,springer1        
#abec,niderius1 lib4 #e4 ,fornicar4     
,guiatius1 ,bartolus1 consil4 #f4 tom4  
#a4 ,bodine1 daemoniant4 lib #b4 cap4   
#h4 ,godelman1 ,damhoderius1 c4         
,paracelsus1 ,erastus1 ,scribanius1     
,camerarius1 c4 ,the parties by whom the
 devil deals1 may be reduced to these   
two1 such as command him in show at     

least1 as conjurors1 and magicians1     
whose detestable and horrid mysteries   
are contained in their book called      
#abed;,arbatell2 daemonis enim advocati 
praesto sunt1 seque exorcismis et       
conjurationibus quasi cogi patiuntur1 ut
 miserum magorum genus1 in impietate    
detineant4 ,or such as are commanded1 as
 witches1 that deal ex parte implicite1 
or explicite1 as the #abeeking hath well
 defined2 many subdivisions there are1  
and many several species of sorcerers1  
witches1 enchanters1 charmers1 c4 ,they 
have been tolerated heretofore some of  
them2 and magic hath been publicly      
professed in former times1 in           
#abef,salamanca1 #abeg,krakow1 and other
 places1 though after censured by       
several #abeh,universities1 and now     
generally contradicted1 though practised
 by some still1 maintained and excused1 
,tanquam res secreta quae non nisi viris
 magnis et peculiari beneficio de ,coelo
 instructis communicatur 7,i use        
#abei;,boesartus his words7 and so far  

approved by some princes1 ,ut nihil ausi
 aggredi in politicis1 in sacris1 in    
consiliis1 sine eorum arbitrio2 they    
consult still with them1 and dare indeed
 do nothing without their advice4 ,nero 
and ,heliogabalus1 ,maxentius1 and      
,julianus ,apostata1 were never so much 
addicted to magic of old1 as some of our
 modern princes and popes themselves are
 nowadays4 ,erricus1 ,king of ,sweden1  
had an #abfj;enchanted cap1 by virtue of
 which1 and some magical murmur or      
whispering terms1 he could command      
spirits1 trouble the air1 and make the  
wind stand which way he would1 insomuch 
that when there was any great wind or   
storm1 the common people were wont to   
say1 the king now had on his conjuring  
cap4 ,but such examples are infinite4   
,that which they can do1 is as much     
almost as the devil himself1 who is     
still ready to satisfy their desires1 to
 oblige them the more unto him4 ,they   
can cause tempests1 storms1 which is    
familiarly practised by witches in      

,norway1 ,iceland1 as ,i have proved4   
,they can make friends enemies1 and     
enemies friends by philters2            
#abfa,turpes amores conciliare1 enforce 
love1 tell any man where his friends    
are1 about what employed1 though in the 
most remote places2 and if they will1   
#abfb;bring their sweethearts to them by
 night1 upon a goat's back flying in the
 air4 ,sigismund ,scheretzius1 part4 #a4
 cap4 #i4 de spect4 reports confidently1
 that he conferred with sundry such1    
that had been so carried many miles1 and
 that he heard witches themselves       
confess as much2 hurt and infect men and
 beasts1 vines1 corn1 cattle1 plants1   
make women abortive1 not to conceive1   
#abfc;barren1 men and women unapt and   
unable1 married and unmarried1 fifty    
several ways1 saith ,bodine1 lib4 #b4 c4
 #b4 fly in the air1 meet when and where
 they will1 as ,cicogna proves1 and     
,lavat4 de spec4 part4 #b4 c4 #ag4 steal
 young children out of their cradles1   
ministerio daemonum1 and put deformed in

 their rooms1 which we call changelings1
 saith #abfd,scheretzius1 part4 #a4 c4  
#f4 make men victorious1 fortunate1     
eloquent2 and therefore in those ancient
 monomachies and combats they were      
searched of old1 #abfethey had no       
magical charms2 they can make #abffstick
 frees1 such as shall endure a rapier's 
point1 musket shot1 and never be        
wounded3 of which read more in          
,boissardus1 cap4 #f4 de ,magia1 the    
manner of the adjuration1 and by whom   
'tis made1 where and how to be used in  
expeditionibus bellicis1 praeliis1      
duellis1 c41 with many peculiar         
instances and examples2 they can walk in
 fiery furnaces1 make men feel no pain  
on the rack1 aut alias torturas sentire2
 they can stanch blood1 #abfgrepresent  
dead men's shapes1 alter and turn       
themselves and others into several      
forms1 at their pleasures4              
#abfh;,agaberta1 a famous witch in      
,lapland1 would do as much publicly to  
all spectators1 ,modo ,pusilla1 modo    

anus1 modo procera ut quercus1 modo     
vacca1 avis1 coluber1 c4 ,now young1 now
 old1 high1 low1 like a cow1 like a     
bird1 a snake1 and what not8 ,she could 
represent to others what forms they most
 desired to see1 show them friends      
absent1 reveal secrets1 maxima omnium   
admiratione1 c4 ,and yet for all this   
subtlety of theirs1 as ,lipsius well    
observes1 ,physiolog4 ,stoicor4 lib4 #a4
 cap4 #ag4 neither these magicians nor  
devils themselves can take away gold or 
letters out of mine or ,crassus' chest1 
et ,clientelis suis largiri1 for they   
are base1 poor1 contemptible fellows    
most part2 as #abfi;,bodine notes1 they 
can do nothing in ,judicum decreta aut  
poenas1 in regum concilia vel arcana1   
nihil in rem nummariam aut thesauros1   
they cannot give money to their clients1
 alter judges' decrees1 or councils of  
kings1 these minuti ,genii cannot do it1
 altiores ,genii hoc sibi adservarunt1  
the higher powers reserve these things  
to themselves4 ,now and then            

peradventure there may be some more     
famous magicians like ,simon ,magus1    
#abgj;,apollonius ,tyaneus1 ,pasetes1   
,jamblichus1 #abga,odo de ,stellis1 that
 for a time can build castles in the    
air1 represent armies1 c41 as they are  
#abgbsaid to have done1 command wealth  
and treasure1 feed thousands with all   
variety of meats upon a sudden1 protect 
themselves and their followers from all 
princes' persecutions1 by removing from 
place to place in an instant1 reveal    
secrets1 future events1 tell what is    
done in far countries1 make them appear 
that died long since1 and do many such  
miracles1 to the world's terror1        
admiration and opinion of deity to      
themselves1 yet the devil forsakes them 
at last1 they come to wicked ends1 and  
raro aut nunquam such impostors are to  
be found4 ,the vulgar sort of them can  
work no such feats4 ,but to my purpose1 
they can1 last of all1 cure and cause   
most diseases to such as they love or   
hate1 and this of #abgcmelancholy       

amongst the rest4 ,paracelsus1 ,tom4 #d4
 de morbis amentium1 ,tract4 #a4 in     
express words affirms2 ,multi           
fascinantur in melancholiam1 many are   
bewitched into melancholy1 out of his   
experience4 ,the same saith ,danaeus1   
lib4 #c4 de sortiariis4 ,vidi1 inquit1  
qui ,melancholicos morbos gravissimos   
induxerunt3 ,i have seen those that have
 caused melancholy in the most grievous 
manner1 #abgd;dried up women's paps1    
cured gout1 palsy2 this and apoplexy1   
falling sickness1 which no physic could 
help1 solu tactu1 by touch alone4       
,ruland in his #c ,cent4 ,cura #ia4     
gives an instance of one ,david ,helde1 
a young man1 who by eating cakes which a
 witch gave him1 mox delirare coepit1   
began to dote on a sudden1 and was      
instantly mad3 ,f4 ,h4 ,d4 in           
#abge;,hildesheim1 consulted about a    
melancholy man1 thought his disease was 
partly magical1 and partly natural1     
because he vomited pieces of iron and   
lead1 and spake such languages as he had

 never been taught2 but such examples   
are common in ,scribanius1 ,hercules de 
,saxonia1 and others4 ,the means by     
which they work are usually charms1     
images1 as that in ,hector ,boethius of 
,king ,duffe2 characters stamped of     
sundry metals1 and at such and such     
constellations1 knots1 amulets1 words1  
philters1 c41 which generally make the  
parties affected1 melancholy2 as        
#abgf,monavius discourseth at large in  
an epistle of his to ,acolsius1 giving  
instance in a ,bohemian baron that was  
so troubled by a philter taken4 ,not    
that there is any power at all in those 
spells1 charms1 characters1 and         
barbarous words2 but that the devil doth
 use such means to delude them4 ,ut     
fideles inde magos 7saith               
#abgg,libanius7 in officio retineat1 tum
 in consortium malefactorum vocet4      
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,stars a cause4 ,signs
 from ,physiognomy1 ,metoposcopy1       
,chiromancy4  ,natural causes are either
 primary and universal1 or secondary and

 more particular4 ,primary causes are   
the heavens1 planets1 stars1 c41 by     
their influence 7as our astrologers     
hold7 producing this and such like      
effects4 ,i will not here stand to      
discuss obiter1 whether stars be causes1
 or signs2 or to apologise for judical  
astrology4 ,if either ,sextus           
,empericus1 ,picus ,mirandula1 ,sextus  
ab ,heminga1 ,pererius1 ,erastus1       
,chambers1 c41 have so far prevailed    
with any man1 that he will attribute no 
virtue at all to the heavens1 or to sun1
 or moon1 more than he doth to their    
signs at an innkeeper's post1 or        
tradesman's shop1 or generally condemn  
all such astrological aphorisms approved
 by experience3 ,i refer him to         
,bellantius1 ,pirovanus1 ,marascallerus1
 ,goclenius1 ,sir ,christopher ,heidon1 
c4 ,if thou shalt ask me what ,i think1 
,i must answer1 nam et doctis hisce     
erroribus versatus sum1 7for ,i am      
conversant with these learned errors17  
they do incline1 but not compel2 no     

necessity at all3 #abgh;agunt non       
cogunt3 and so gently incline1 that a   
wise man may resist them2 sapiens       
dominabitur astris3 they rule us1 but   
,god rules them4 ,all this 7methinks7   
#abgi;,joh4 de ,indagine hath comprised 
in brief1 ,quaeris a me quantum in nobis
 operantur astra8 c4 ,wilt thou know how
 far the stars work upon us8 ,i say they
 do but incline1 and that so gently1    
that if we will be ruled by reason1 they
 have no power over us2 but if we follow
 our own nature1 and be led by sense1   
they do as much in us as in brute       
beasts1 and we are no better4 ,so that1 
,i hope1 ,i may justly conclude with    
#abhj;,cajetan1 ,coelum est vehiculum   
divinae virtutis1 c41 that the heaven is
 ,god's instrument1 by mediation of     
which he governs and disposeth these    
elementary bodies2 or a great book1     
whose letters are the stars1 7as one    
calls it17 wherein are written many     
strange things for such as can read1    
#abhaor an excellent harp1 made by an   

eminent workman1 on which1 he that can  
but play1 will make most admirable      
music4 ,but to the purpose4             
#abhb,paracelsus is of opinion1 that a  
physician without the knowledge of stars
 can neither understand the cause or    
cure of any disease1 either of this or  
gout1 not so much as toothache2 except  
he see the peculiar geniture and scheme 
of the party effected4 ,and for this    
proper malady1 he will have the         
principal and primary cause of it       
proceed from the heaven1 ascribing more 
to stars than humours1 #abhc;and that   
the constellation alone many times      
produceth melancholy1 all other causes  
set apart4 ,he gives instance in lunatic
 persons1 that are deprived of their    
wits by the moon's motion2 and in       
another place refers all to the         
ascendant1 and will have the true and   
chief cause of it to be sought from the 
stars4 ,neither is it his opinion only1 
but of many ,galenists and philosophers1
 though they do not so peremptorily     

maintain as much4 ,this variety of      
melancholy symptoms proceeds from the   
stars1 saith #abhd,melancthon3 the most 
generous melancholy1 as that of         
,augustus1 comes from the conjunction of
 ,saturn and ,jupiter in ,libra3 the    
bad1 as that of ,catiline's1 from the   
meeting of ,saturn and the moon in      
,scorpio4 ,jovianus ,pontanus1 in his   
tenth book1 and thirteenth chapter de   
rebus coelestibus1 discourseth to this  
purpose at large1 ,ex atra bile varii   
generantur morbi1 c41 #abhemany diseases
 proceed from black choler1 as it shall 
be hot or cold2 and though it be cold in
 its own nature1 yet it is apt to be    
heated1 as water may be made to boil1   
and burn as bad as fire2 or made cold as
 ice3 and thence proceed such variety of
 symptoms1 some mad1 some solitary1 some
 laugh1 some rage1 c4 ,the cause of all 
which intemperance he will have chiefly 
and primarily proceed from the heavens1 
#abhf;from the position of ,mars1       
,saturn1 and ,mercury4 ,his aphorisms be

 these1 #abhg,mercury in any geniture1  
if he shall be found in ,virgo1 or      
,pisces his opposite sign1 and that in  
the horoscope1 irradiated by those      
quartile aspects of ,saturn or ,mars1   
the child shall be mad or melancholy4   
,again1 #abhh;,he that shall have       
,saturn and ,mars1 the one culminating1 
the other in the fourth house1 when he  
shall be born1 shall be melancholy1 of  
which he shall be cured in time1 if     
,mercury behold them4 #abhi;,if the moon
 be in conjunction or opposition at the 
birth time with the sun1 ,saturn or     
,mars1 or in a quartile aspect with     
them1 7e malo coeli loco1 ,leovitius    
adds17 many diseases are signified1     
especially the head and brain is like to
 be misaffected with pernicious humours1
 to be melancholy1 lunatic1 or mad1     
,cardan adds1 quarta luna natos1        
eclipses1 earthquakes4 ,garcaeus and    
,leovitius will have the chief judgment 
to be taken from the lord of the        
geniture1 or where there is an aspect   

between the moon and ,mercury1 and      
neither behold the horoscope1 or ,saturn
 and ,mars shall be lord of the present 
conjunction or opposition in            
,sagittarius or ,pisces1 of the sun or  
moon1 such persons are commonly         
epileptic1 dote1 demoniacal1 melancholy3
 but see more of these aphorisms in the 
above-named ,pontanus4 ,garcaeus1 cap4  
#bc4 de ,jud4 genitur4 ,schoner4 lib4   
#a4 cap4 #h1 which he hath gathered out 
of #abij,ptolemy1 ,albubater1 and some  
other ,arabians1 ,junctine1 ,ranzovius1 
,lindhout1 ,origen1 c4 ,but these men   
you will reject peradventure1 as        
astrologers1 and therefore partial      
judges2 then hear the testimony of      
physicians1 ,galenists themselves4      
#abia;,carto confesseth the influence of
 stars to have a great hand to this     
peculiar disease1 so doth ,jason        
,pratensis1 ,lonicerius praefat4 de     
,apoplexia1 ,ficinus1 ,fernelius1 c4    
#abib,p4 ,cnemander acknowledgeth the   
stars an universal cause1 the particular

 from parents1 and the use of the six   
non-natural things4 ,baptista ,port4    
mag4 l4 #a4 c4 #aj1 #ab1 #ae1 will have 
them causes to every particular         
individium4 ,instances and examples1 to 
evince the truth of those aphorisms1 are
 common amongst those astrologian       
treatises4 ,cardan1 in his              
thirty-seventh geniture1 gives instance 
in ,matth4 ,bolognius4 ,camerar4 hor4   
natalit4 centur4 #g4 genit4 #f4 et #g4  
of ,daniel ,gare1 and others2 but see   
,garcaeus1 cap4 #cc4 ,luc4 ,gauricus1   
,tract4 #f4 de ,azemenis1 c4 ,the time  
of this melancholy is1 when the         
significators of any geniture are       
directed according to art1 as the hor3  
moon1 hylech1 c4 to the hostile beams or
 terms of  and  especially1 or any fixed
 star of their nature1 or if  by his    
revolution or transitus1 shall offend   
any of those radical promissors in the  
geniture4 ,other signs there are taken  
from physiognomy1 metoposcopy1          
chiromancy1 which because ,joh4 de      

,indagine1 and ,rotman1 the landgrave of
 ,hesse his mathematician1 not long     
since in his ,chiromancy2 ,baptista     
,porta1 in his celestial ,physiognomy1  
have proved to hold great affinity with 
astrology1 to satisfy the curious1 ,i am
 the more willing to insert4 ,the       
general notions #abicphysiognomers give1
 be these2 black colour argues natural  
melancholy2 so doth leanness1           
hirsuteness1 broad veins1 much hair on  
the brows1 saith #abid;,gratanarolus1   
cap4 #g1 and a little head1 out of      
,aristotle1 high sanguine1 red colour1  
shows head melancholy2 they that stutter
 and are bald1 will be soonest          
melancholy1 7as ,avicenna supposeth17 by
 reason of the dryness of their brains2 
but he that will know more of the       
several signs of humour and wits out of 
physiognomy1 let him consult with old   
,adamantus and ,polemus1 that comment1  
or rather paraphrase upon ,aristotle's  
,physiognomy1 ,baptista ,porta's four   
pleasant books1 ,michael ,scot de       

secretis naturae1 ,john de ,indagine1   
,montaltus1 ,antony ,zara4 anat4        
ingeniorum1 sect4 #a4 memb4 #ac4 et lib4
 #d4 ,chiromancy hath these aphorisms to
 foretell melancholy1 ,tasneir4 lib4 #e4
 cap4 #b1 who hath comprehended the sum 
of ,john de ,indagine3 ,tricassus1      
,corvinus1 and others in his book1 thus 
hath it2 #abie,the ,saturnine line going
 from the rascetta through the hand1 to 
,saturn's mount1 and there intersected  
by certain little lines1 argues         
melancholy2 so if the vital and natural 
make an acute angle1 ,aphorism #ajj4    
,the saturnine1 hepatic1 and natural    
lines1 making a gross triangle in the   
hand1 argue as much2 which ,goclenius1  
cap4 #e4 ,chiros4 repeats verbatim out  
of him4 ,in general they conclude all1  
that if ,saturn's mount be full of many 
small lines and intersections1 #abifsuch
 men are most part melancholy1 miserable
 and full of disquietness1 care and     
trouble1 continually vexed with anxious 
and bitter thoughts1 always sorrowful1  

fearful1 suspicious2 they delight in    
husbandry1 buildings1 pools1 marshes1   
springs1 woods1 walks1 c4 ,thaddaeus    
,haggesius1 in his ,metoposcopia1 hath  
certain aphorisms derived from ,saturn's
 lines in the forehead1 by which he     
collects a melancholy disposition2 and  
#abig;,baptista ,porta makes            
observations from those other parts of  
the body1 as if a spot be over the      
spleen2 #abihor in the nails2 if it     
appear black1 it signifieth much care1  
grief1 contention1 and melancholy2 the  
reason he refers to the humours1 and    
gives instance in himself1 that for     
seven years space he had such black     
spots in his nails1 and all that while  
was in perpetual lawsuits1 controversies
 for his inheritance1 fear1 loss of     
honour1 banishment1 grief1 care1 c4 and 
when his miseries ended1 the black spots
 vanished4 ,cardan1 in his book de      
libris propriis1 tells such a story of  
his own person1 that a little before his
 son's death1 he had a black spot1 which

 appeared in one of his nails2 and      
dilated itself as he came nearer to his 
end4 ,but ,i am over tedious in these   
toys1 which howsoever1 in some men's too
 severe censures1 they may be held      
absurd and ridiculous1 ,i am the bolder 
to insert1 as not borrowed from         
circumforanean rogues and gipsies1 but  
out of the writings of worthy           
philosophers and physicians1 yet living 
some of them1 and religious professors  
in famous universities1 who are able to 
patronise that which they have said1 and
 vindicate themselves from all cavillers
 and ignorant persons4  ,,subsect4      
,v4--,old age a cause4  ,secondary      
peculiar causes efficient1 so called in 
respect of the other precedent1 are     
either congenitae1 internae1 innatae1 as
 they term them1 inward1 innate1 inbred2
 or else outward and adventitious1 which
 happen to us after we are born3        
congenite or born with us1 are either   
natural1 as old age1 or praeter naturam 
7as #abii;,fernelius calls it7 that     

distemperature1 which we have from our  
parent's seed1 it being an hereditary   
disease4 ,the first of these1 which is  
natural to all1 and which no man living 
can avoid1 is #acjjold age1 which being 
cold and dry1 and of the same quality as
 melancholy is1 must needs cause it1 by 
diminution of spirits and substance1 and
 increasing of adust humours2 therefore 
#acja ,melancthon avers out of          
,aristotle1 as an undoubted truth1      
,senes plerunque delirasse in senecta1  
that old men familiarly dote1 ob atram  
bilem1 for black choler1 which is then  
superabundant in them3 and ,rhasis1 that
 ,arabian physician1 in his ,cont4 lib4 
#a4 cap4 #i1 calls it #acjb;a necessary 
and inseparable accident1 to all old and
 decrepit persons4 ,after seventy years 
7as the ,psalmist saith7 #acjc;all is   
trouble and sorrow2 and common          
experience confirms the truth of it in  
weak and old persons1 especially such as
 have lived in action all their lives1  
had great employment1 much business1    

much command1 and many servants to      
oversee1 and leave off ex abrupto2 as   
#acjd;,charles the ,fifth did to ,king  
,philip1 resign up all on a sudden2 they
 are overcome with melancholy in an     
instant3 or if they do continue in such 
courses1 they dote at last1 7senex bis  
puer17 and are not able to manage their 
estates through common infirmities      
incident in their age2 full of ache1    
sorrow and grief1 children again1       
dizzards1 they carl many times as they  
sit1 and talk to themselves1 they are   
angry1 waspish1 displeased with every   
thing1 suspicious of all1 wayward1      
covetous1 hard 7saith ,tully17          
self-willed1 superstitious1             
self-conceited1 braggers and admirers of
 themselves1 as #acje;,balthazar        
,castilio hath truly noted of           
them4#acjf,this natural infirmity is    
most eminent in old women1 and such as  
are poor1 solitary1 live in most base   
esteem and beggary1 or such as are      
witches2 insomuch that ,wierus1         

,baptista ,porta1 ,ulricus ,molitor1    
,edwicus1 do refer all that witches are 
said to do1 to imagination alone1 and   
this humour of melancholy4 ,and whereas 
it is controverted1 whether they can    
bewitch cattle to death1 ride in the air
 upon a cowl-staff out of a chimney-top1
 transform themselves into cats1 dogs1  
c41 translate bodies from place to      
place1 meet in companies1 and dance1 as 
they do1 or have carnal copulation with 
the devil1 they ascribe all to this     
redundant melancholy1 which domineers in
 them1 to #acjg somniferous potions1 and
 natural causes1 the devil's policy4    
,non laedunt omnino 7saith ,wierus7 aut 
quid mirum faciunt1 7de ,lamiis1 lib4   
#c4 cap4 #cf71 ut putatur1 solam        
vitiatam habent phantasiam2 they do no  
such wonders at all1 only their         
#acjh;brains are crazed4 #acji,they     
think they are witches1 and can do hurt1
 but do not4 ,but this opinion ,bodine1 
,erastus1 ,danaeus1 ,scribanius1        
,sebastian ,michaelis1 ,campanella de   

,sensu rerum1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #i4         
#acaj;,dandinus the ,jesuit1 lib4 #b4 de
 ,animae explode2 #acaa;,cicogna        
confutes at large4 ,that witches are    
melancholy1 they deny not1 but not out  
of corrupt phantasy alone1 so to delude 
themselves and others1 or to produce    
such effects4  ,,subsect4               
,,vi4--,parents a cause by ,propagation4
  ,that other inward inbred cause of    
,melancholy is our temperature1 in whole
 or part1 which we receive from our     
parents1 which #acab;,fernelius calls   
,praeter naturam1 or unnatural1 it being
 an hereditary disease2 for as he       
justifies #acac,quale parentum maxime   
patris semen obtigerit1 tales evadunt   
similares spermaticaeque paries1        
quocunque etiam morbo ,pater quum       
generat tenetur1 cum semine transfert1  
in ,prolem2 such as the temperature of  
the father is1 such is the son's1 and   
look what disease the father had when he
 begot him1 his son will have after him2
 #acad;and is as well inheritor of his  

infirmities1 as of his lands4 ,and where
 the complexion and constitution of the 
father is corrupt1 there 7#acaesaith    
,roger ,bacon7 the complexion and       
constitution of the son must needs be   
corrupt1 and so the corruption is       
derived from the father to the son4 ,now
 this doth not so much appear in the    
composition of the body1 according to   
that of ,hippocrates1 #acaf;in habit1   
proportion1 scars1 and other lineaments2
 but in manners and conditions of the   
mind1 ,et patrum in natos abeunt cum    
semine mores4 ,seleucus had an anchor on
 his thigh1 so had his posterity1 as    
,trogus records1 lib4 #ae4 ,lepidus1 in 
,pliny l4 #g4 c4 #ag1 was purblind1 so  
was his son4 ,that famous family of     
,aenobarbi were known of old1 and so    
surnamed from their red beards2 the     
,austrian lip1 and those ,indian flat   
noses are propagated1 the ,bavarian     
chin1 and goggle eyes amongst the ,jews1
 as #acag ,buxtorfius observes2 their   
voice1 pace1 gesture1 looks1 are        

likewise derived with all the rest of   
their conditions and infirmities2 such a
 mother1 such a daughter2 their very    
#acah;affections ,lemnius contends to   
follow their seed1 and the malice and   
bad conditions of children are many     
times wholly to be imputed to their     
parents2 ,i need not therefore make any 
doubt of ,melancholy1 but that it is an 
hereditary disease4 #acai ,paracelsus in
 express words affirms it1 lib4 de morb4
 amentium to4 #d4 tr4 #a2 so doth       
#acbj;,crato in an ,epistle of his to   
,monavius4 ,so doth ,bruno ,seidelius in
 his book de morbo incurab4 ,montaltus  
proves1 cap4 #aa1 out of ,hippocrates   
and ,plutarch1 that such hereditary     
dispositions are frequent1 et hanc      
7inquit7 fieri reor ob participatam     
melancholicam intemperantiam 7speaking  
of a patient7 ,i think he became so by  
participation of ,melancholy4 ,daniel   
,sennertus1 lib4 #a4 part #b4 cap4 #i1  
will have his melancholy constitution   
derived not only from the father to the 

son1 but to the whole family sometimes2 
,quandoque totis familiis hereditativam1
 #acba;,forestus1 in his medicinal      
observations1 illustrates this point1   
with an example of a merchant1 his      
patient1 that had this infirmity by     
inheritance2 so doth ,rodericus a       
,fonseca1 tom4 #a4 consul4 #fi1 by an   
instance of a young man that was so     
affected ex matre melancholica1 had a   
melancholy mother1 et victu             
melancholico1 and bad diet together4    
,ludovicus ,mercatus1 a ,spanish        
physician1 in that excellent ,tract     
which he hath lately written of         
hereditary diseases1 tom4 #b4 oper4 lib4
 #e1 reckons up leprosy1 as those       
#acbb;,galbots in ,gascony1 hereditary  
lepers1 pox1 stone1 gout1 epilepsy1 c4  
,amongst the rest1 this and madness     
after a set time comes to many1 which he
 calls a miraculous thing in nature1 and
 sticks for ever to them as an incurable
 habit4 ,and that which is more to be   
wondered at1 it skips in some families  

the father1 and goes to the son1 #acbcor
 takes every other1 and sometimes every 
third in a lineal descent1 and doth not 
always produce the same1 but some like1 
and a symbolizing disease4 ,these       
secondary causes hence derived1 are     
commonly so powerful1 that 7as          
#acbd,wolfius holds7 saepe mutant       
decreta siderum1 they do often alter the
 primary causes1 and decrees of the     
heavens4 ,for these reasons1 belike1 the
 ,church and commonwealth1 human and    
,divine laws1 have conspired to avoid   
hereditary diseases1 forbidding such    
marriages as are any whit allied2 and as
 ,mercatus adviseth all families to take
 such1 si fieri possit quae maxime      
distant natura1 and to make choice of   
those that are most differing in        
complexion from them2 if they love their
 own1 and respect the common good4 ,and 
sure1 ,i think1 it hath been ordered by 
,god's especial providence1 that in all 
ages there should be 7as usually there  
is7 once in #acbefjj years1 a           

transmigration of nations1 to amend and 
purify their blood1 as we alter seed    
upon our land1 and that there should be 
as it were an inundation of those       
northern ,goths and ,vandals1 and many  
such like people which came out of that 
continent of ,scandia and ,sarmatia 7as 
some suppose7 and overran1 as a deluge1 
most part of ,europe and ,africa1 to    
alter for our good1 our complexions1    
which were much defaced with hereditary 
infirmities1 which by our lust and      
intemperance we had contracted4 ,a sound
 generation of strong and able men were 
sent amongst us1 as those northern men  
usually are1 innocuous1 free from riot1 
and free from diseases2 to qualify and  
make us as those poor naked ,indians are
 generally at this day2 and those about 
,brazil 7as a late #acbfwriter          
observes71 in the ,isle of ,maragnan1   
free from all hereditary diseases1 or   
other contagion1 whereas without help of
 physic they live commonly #abj years or
 more1 as in the ,orcades and many other

 places4 ,such are the common effects of
 temperance and intemperance1 but ,i    
will descend to particular1 and show by 
what means1 and by whom especially1 this
 infirmity is derived unto us4 ,filii ex
 senibus nati1 raro sunt firmi          
temperamenti1 old men's children are    
seldom of a good temperament1 as        
,scoltzius supposeth1 consult4 #agg1 and
 therefore most apt to this disease2 and
 as #acbg,levinus ,lemnius farther adds1
 old men beget most part wayward1       
peevish1 sad1 melancholy sons1 and      
seldom merry4 ,he that begets a child on
 a full stomach1 will either have a sick
 child1 or a crazed son 7as             
#acbh;,cardan thinks71 contradict4 med4 
lib4 #a4 contradict4 #ah1 or if the     
parents be sick1 or have any great pain 
of the head1 or megrim1 headache1       
7,hieronymus ,wolfius #acbi;doth        
instance in a child of ,sebastian       
,castalio's72 if a drunken man get a    
child1 it will never likely have a good 
brain1 as ,gellius argues1 lib4 #ab4    

cap4 #a4 ,ebrii gignunt ,ebrios1 one    
drunkard begets another1 saith          
#accj,plutarch1 symp4 lib4 #a4 quest4   
#e1 whose sentence #acca,lemnius        
approves1 l4 #a4 c4 #d4 ,alsarius       
,crutius1 ,gen4 de qui sit med4 cent4   
#c4 fol4 #ahb4 ,macrobius1 lib4 #a4     
,avicenna1 lib4 #c4 ,fen4 #ba4 ,tract   
#a4 cap4 #h1 and ,aristotle himself1    
sect4 #b4 prob4 #d1 foolish1 drunken1 or
 hair-brain women1 most part bring forth
 children like unto themselves1 morosos 
et languidos1 and so likewise he that   
lies with a menstruous woman4           
,intemperantia veneris1 quam in nautis  
praesertim insectatur #accb ,lemnius1   
qui uxores ineunt1 nulla menstrui       
decursus ratione habita nec observato   
interlunio1 praecipua causa est1 noxia1 
pernitiosa1 concubitum hunc exitialem   
ideo1 et pestiferum vocat4              
#accc,rodoricus a ,castro ,lucitanus1   
detestantur ad unum omnes medici1 tum et
 quarta luna concepti1 infelices        
plerumque et amentes1 deliri1 stolidi1  

morbosi1 impuri1 invalidi1 tetra lue    
sordidi minime vitales1 omnibus bonis   
corporis atque animi destituti3 ad      
laborem nati1 si seniores1 inquit       
,eustathius1 ut ,hercules1 et alii4     
#accd;,judaei maxime insectantur foedum 
hunc1 et immundum apud ,christianas     
,concubitum1 ut illicitum abhorrent1 et 
apud suos prohibent2 et quod ,christiani
 toties leprosi1 amentes1 tot morbili1  
impetigines1 alphi1 psorae1 cutis et    
faciei decolorationes1 tam multi morbi  
epidemici1 acerbi1 et venenosi sint1 in 
hunc immundum concubitum rejiciunt1 et  
crudeles in pignora vocant1 qui quarta1 
luna profluente hac mensium illuvie     
concubitum hunc non perhorrescunt4      
,damnavit olim divina ,lex et morte     
mulctavit hujusmodi homines1 ,lev4 #ah1 
#bj1 et inde nati1 siqui deformes aut   
mutili1 pater dilapidatus1 quod non     
contineret ab #acce immunda muliere4    
,gregorius ,magnus1 petenti ,augustino  
nunquid apud #accf;,britannos hujusmodi 
concubitum toleraret1 severe prohibuit  

viris suis tum misceri foeminas in      
consuetis suis menstruis1 c4 ,i spare to
 ,english this which ,i have said4      
,another cause some give1 inordinate    
diet1 as if a man eat garlic1 onions1   
fast overmuch1 study too hard1 be       
over-sorrowful1 dull1 heavy1 dejected in
 mind1 perplexed in his thoughts1       
fearful1 c41 their children 7saith      
#accg;,cardan subtil4 lib4 #ah7 will be 
much subject to madness and melancholy2 
for if the spirits of the brain be      
fuzzled1 or misaffected by such means1  
at such a time1 their children will be  
fuzzled in the brain3 they will be dull1
 heavy1 timorous1 discontented all their
 lives4 ,some are of opinion1 and       
maintain that paradox or problem1 that  
wise men beget commonly fools2 ,suidas  
gives instance in ,aristarchus the      
,grammarian1 duos reliquit ,filios      
,aristarchum et ,aristachorum1 ambos    
stultos2 and which #acch;,erasmus urgeth
 in his ,moria1 fools beget wise men4   
,card4 subt4 l4 #ab1 gives this cause1  

,quoniam spiritus sapientum ob studium  
resolvuntur1 et in cerebrum feruntur a  
corde3 because their natural spirits are
 resolved by study1 and turned into     
animal2 drawn from the heart1 and those 
other parts to the brain4 ,lemnius      
subscribes to that of ,cardan1 and      
assigns this reason1 ,quod persolvant   
debitum languide1 et obscitanter1 unde  
foetus a parentum generositate          
desciscit3 they pay their debt 7as ,paul
 calls it7 to their wives remissly1 by  
which means their children are          
weaklings1 and many times idiots and    
fools4 ,some other causes are given1    
which properly pertain1 and do proceed  
from the mother3 if she be over-dull1   
heavy1 angry1 peevish1 discontented1 and
 melancholy1 not only at the time of    
conception1 but even all the while she  
carries the child in her womb 7saith    
,fernelius1 path4 l4 #a1 #aa7 her son   
will be so likewise affected1 and worse1
 as #acci,lemnius adds1 l4 #d4 c4 #g1 if
 she grieve overmuch1 be disquieted1 or 

by any casualty be affrighted and       
terrified by some fearful object1 heard 
or seen1 she endangers her child1 and   
spoils the temperature of it2 for the   
strange imagination of a woman works    
effectually upon her infant1 that as    
,baptista ,porta proves1 ,physiog4      
caelestis l4 #e4 c4 #b1 she leaves a    
mark upon it1 which is most especially  
seen in such as prodigiously long for   
such and such meats1 the child will love
 those meats1 saith ,fernelius1 and be  
addicted to like humours3 #acdj;if a    
great-bellied woman see a hare1 her     
child will often have a harelip1 as we  
call it4 ,garcaeus1 de ,judiciis        
geniturarum1 cap4 #cc1 hath a memorable 
example of one ,thomas ,nickell1 born in
 the city of ,brandeburg1 #aeea1        
#acdathat went reeling and staggering   
all the days of his life1 as if he would
 fall to the ground1 because his mother 
being great with child saw a drunken man
 reeling in the street4 ,such another ,i
 find in ,martin ,wenrichius1 com4 de   

ortu monstrorum1 c4 #ag1 ,i saw 7saith  
he7 at ,wittenberg1 in ,germany1 a      
citizen that looked like a carcass2 ,i  
asked him the cause1 he replied1        
#acdb;,his mother1 when she bore him in 
her womb1 saw a carcass by chance1 and  
was so sore affrighted with it1 that ex 
eo foetus ei assimilatus1 from a ghastly
 impression the child was like it4 ,so  
many several ways are we plagued and    
punished for our father's defaults2     
insomuch that as ,fernelius truly saith1
 #acdc;,it is the greatest part of our  
felicity to be well born1 and it were   
happy for human kind1 if only such      
parents as are sound of body and mind   
should be suffered to marry4 ,an        
husbandman will sow none but the best   
and choicest seed upon his land1 he will
 not rear a bull or a horse1 except he  
be right shapen in all parts1 or permit 
him to cover a mare1 except he be well  
assured of his breed2 we make choice of 
the best rams for our sheep1 rear the   
neatest kine1 and keep the best dogs1   

,quanto id diligentius in procreandis   
liberis observandum8 ,and how careful   
then should we be in begetting of our   
children8 ,in former times some         
#acdd;countries have been so chary in   
this behalf1 so stern1 that if a child  
were crooked or deformed in body or     
mind1 they made him away2 so did the    
,indians of old by the relation of      
,curtius1 and many other well-governed  
commonwealths1 according to the         
discipline of those times4 ,heretofore  
in ,scotland1 saith #acde;,hect4        
,boethius1 if any were visited with the 
falling sickness1 madness1 gout1        
leprosy1 or any such dangerous disease1 
which was likely to be propagated from  
the father to the son1 he was instantly 
gelded2 a woman kept from all company of
 men2 and if by chance having some such 
disease1 she were found to be with      
child1 she with her brood were buried   
alive3 and this was done for the common 
good1 lest the whole nation should be   
injured or corrupted4 ,a severe doom you

 will say1 and not to be used amongst   
,christians1 yet more to be looked into 
than it is4 ,for now by our too much    
facility in this kind1 in giving way for
 all to marry that will1 too much       
liberty and indulgence in tolerating all
 sorts1 there is a vast confusion of    
hereditary diseases1 no family secure1  
no man almost free from some grievous   
infirmity or other1 when no choice is   
had1 but still the eldest must marry1 as
 so many stallions of the race2 or if   
rich1 be they fools or dizzards1 lame or
 maimed1 unable1 intemperate1 dissolute1
 exhaust through riot1 as he said1      
#acdf;jura haereditario sapere jubentur2
 they must be wise and able by          
inheritance3 it comes to pass that our  
generation is corrupt1 we have many weak
 persons1 both in body and mind1 many   
feral diseases raging amongst us1 crazed
 families1 parentes1 peremptores2 our   
fathers bad1 and we are like to be      
worse4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,,subsect4       
,i4--,bad ,diet a cause4 ,substance4    

,quality of ,meats4  ,according to my   
proposed method1 having opened hitherto 
these secondary causes1 which are inbred
 with us1 ,i must now proceed to the    
outward and adventitious1 which happen  
unto us after we are born4 ,and those   
are either evident1 remote1 or inward1  
antecedent1 and the nearest3 continent  
causes some call them4 ,these outward1  
remote1 precedent causes are subdivided 
again into necessary and not necessary4 
,necessary 7because we cannot avoid     
them1 but they will alter us1 as they   
are used1 or abused7 are those six      
non-natural things1 so much spoken of   
amongst physicians1 which are principal 
causes of this disease4 ,for almost in  
every consultation1 whereas they shall  
come to speak of the causes1 the fault  
is found1 and this most part objected to
 the patient2 ,peccavit circa res sex   
non naturales3 he hath still offended in
 one of those six4 ,montanus1 consil4   
#bb1 consulted about a melancholy ,jew1 
gives that sentence1 so did ,frisemelica

 in the same place2 and in his #bdd     
counsel1 censuring a melancholy soldier1
 assigns that reason of his malady1     
#acdg;he offended in all those six      
non-natural things1 which were the      
outward causes1 from which came those   
inward obstructions2 and so in the rest4
 ,these six non-natural things are diet1
 retention and evacuation1 which are    
more material than the other because    
they make new matter1 or else are       
conversant in keeping or expelling of   
it4 ,the other four are air1 exercise1  
sleeping1 waking1 and perturbations of  
the mind1 which only alter the matter4  
,the first of these is diet1 which      
consists in meat and drink1 and causeth 
melancholy1 as it offends in substance1 
or accidents1 that is1 quantity1        
quality1 or the like4 ,and well it may  
be called a material cause1 since that1 
as #acdh;,fernelius holds1 it hath such 
a power in begetting of diseases1 and   
yields the matter and sustenance of     
them2 for neither air1 nor              

perturbations1 nor any of those other   
evident causes take place1 or work this 
effect1 except the constitution of body1
 and preparation of humours1 do concur4 
,that a man may say1 this diet is the   
mother of diseases1 let the father be   
what he will1 and from this alone1      
melancholy and frequent other maladies  
arise4 ,many physicians1 ,i confess1    
have written copious volumes of this one
 subject1 of the nature and qualities of
 all manner of meats2 as namely1 ,galen1
 ,isaac the ,jew1 ,halyabbas1 ,avicenna1
 ,mesue1 also four ,arabians1           
,gordonius1 ,villanovanus1 ,wecker1     
,johannes ,bruerinus1 sitologia de      
,esculentis et ,poculentis1 ,michael    
,savanarola1 ,tract #b4 c4 #h1 ,anthony 
,fumanellus1 lib4 de regimine senum1    
,curio in his comment on ,schola        
,salerna1 ,godefridus ,steckius arte    
med41 ,marcilius ,cognatus1 ,ficinus1   
,ranzovius1 ,fonseca1 ,lessius1         
,magninus1 regim4 sanitatis1            
,frietagius1 ,hugo ,fridevallius1 c41   

besides many other in #acdi;,english1   
and almost every peculiar physician1    
discourseth at large of all peculiar    
meats in his chapter of melancholy3 yet 
because these books are not at hand to  
every man1 ,i will briefly touch what   
kind of meats engender this humour1     
through their several species1 and which
 are to be avoided4 ,how they alter and 
change the matter1 spirits first1 and   
after humours1 by which we are          
preserved1 and the constitution of our  
body1 ,fernelius and others will show   
you4 ,i hasten to the thing itself3 and 
first of such diet as offends in        
substance4 ,beef4 ,beef1 a strong and   
hearty meat 7cold in the first degree1  
dry in the second1 saith ,gal4 l4 #c4 c4
 #a4 de alim4 fac47 is condemned by him 
and all succeeding ,authors1 to breed   
gross melancholy blood3 good for such as
 are sound1 and of a strong             
constitution1 for labouring men if      
ordered aright1 corned1 young1 of an ox 
7for all gelded meats in every species  

are held best71 or if old1 #acejsuch as 
have been tired out with labour1 are    
preferred4 ,aubanus and ,sabellicus     
commend ,portugal beef to be the most   
savoury1 best and easiest of digestion2 
we commend ours3 but all is rejected1   
and unfit for such as lead a resty life1
 any ways inclined to melancholy1 or dry
 of complexion3 ,tales 7,galen thinks7  
de facile melancholicis aegritudinibus  
capiuntur4 ,pork4 ,pork1 of all meats1  
is most nutritive in his own nature1    
#acea but altogether unfit for such as  
live at ease1 are any ways unsound of   
body or mind3 too moist1 full of        
humours1 and therefore noxia delicatis1 
saith ,savanarola1 ex earum usu ut      
dubitetur an febris quartana generetur3 
naught for queasy stomachs1 insomuch    
that frequent use of it may breed a     
quartan ague4 ,goat4 ,savanarola        
discommends goat's flesh1 and so doth   
#aceb;,bruerinus1 l4 #ac4 c4 #ai1       
calling it a filthy beast1 and rammish3 
and therefore supposeth it will breed   

rank and filthy substance2 yet kid1 such
 as are young and tender1 ,isaac        
accepts1 ,bruerinus and ,galen1 l4 #a4  
c4 #a4 de alimentorum facultatibus4     
,hart4 ,hart and red deer #acec;hath an 
evil name3 it yields gross nutriment3 a 
strong and great grained meat1 next unto
 a horse4 ,which although some countries
 eat1 as ,tartars1 and they of ,china2  
yet #aced ,galen condemns4 ,young foals 
are as commonly eaten in ,spain as red  
deer1 and to furnish their navies1 about
 ,malaga especially1 often used2 but    
such meats ask long baking1 or seething1
 to qualify them1 and yet all will not  
serve4 ,venison1 ,fallow ,deer4 ,all    
venison is melancholy1 and begets bad   
blood2 a pleasant meat3 in great esteem 
with us 7for we have more parks in      
,england than there are in all ,europe  
besides7 in our solemn feasts4 ',tis    
somewhat better hunted than otherwise1  
and well prepared by cookery2 but       
generally bad1 and seldom to be used4   
,hare4 ,hare1 a black meat1 melancholy1 

and hard of digestion1 it breeds        
incubus1 often eaten1 and causeth       
fearful dreams1 so doth all venison1 and
 is condemned by a jury of physicians4  
,mizaldus and some others say1 that hare
 is a merry meat1 and that it will make 
one fair1 as ,martial's epigram         
testifies to ,gellia2 but this is per   
accidens1 because of the good sport it  
makes1 merry company and good discourse 
that is commonly at the eating of it1   
and not otherwise to be understood4     
,conies4 #acee;,conies are of the nature
 of hares4 ,magninus compares them to   
beef1 pig1 and goat1 ,reg4 sanit4 part4 
#c4 c4 #ag2 yet young rabbits by all men
 are approved to be good4 ,generally1   
all such meats as are hard of digestion 
breed melancholy4 ,areteus1 lib4 #g4    
cap4 #e1 reckons up heads and feet1     
#acef;bowels1 brains1 entrails1 marrow1 
fat1 blood1 skins1 and those inward     
parts1 as heart1 lungs1 liver1 spleen1  
c4 ,they are rejected by ,isaac1 lib4   
#b4 part4 #c1 ,magninus1 part4 #c4 cap4 

#ag1 ,bruerinus1 lib4 #ab1 ,savanarola1 
,rub4 #cb4 ,tract4 #b4 ,milk4 ,milk1 and
 all that comes of milk1 as butter and  
cheese1 curds1 c41 increase melancholy  
7whey only excepted1 which is most      
wholesome73 #acegsome except asses'     
milk4 ,the rest1 to such as are sound1  
is nutritive and good1 especially for   
young children1 but because soon turned 
to corruption1 #acehnot good for those  
that have unclean stomachs1 are subject 
to headache1 or have green wounds1      
stone1 c4 ,of all cheeses1 ,i take that 
kind which we call ,banbury cheese to be
 the best1 ex vetustis pessimus1 the    
older1 stronger1 and harder1 the worst1 
as ,langius discourseth in his ,epistle 
to ,melancthon1 cited by ,mizaldus1     
,isaac1 p4 #e4 ,gal4 #c4 de cibis boni  
succi4 c4 ,fowl4 ,amongst fowl1         
#aceipeacocks and pigeons1 all fenny    
fowl are forbidden1 as ducks1 geese1    
swans1 herons1 cranes1 coots1 didappers1
 water-hens1 with all those teals1 curs1
 sheldrakes1 and peckled fowls1 that    

come hither in winter out of ,scandia1  
,muscovy1 ,greenland1 ,friesland1 which 
half the year are covered all over with 
snow1 and frozen up4 ,though these be   
fair in feathers1 pleasant in taste1 and
 have a good outside1 like hypocrites1  
white in plumes1 and soft1 their flesh  
is hard1 black1 unwholesome1 dangerous1 
melancholy meat2 ,gravant et            
putrefaciant stomachum1 saith ,isaac1   
part4 #e4 de vol41 their young ones are 
more tolerable1 but young pigeons he    
quite disapproves4 ,fishes4 ,rhasis and 
#acfj,magninus discommend all fish1 and 
say1 they breed viscosities1 slimy      
nutriment1 little and humorous          
nourishment4 ,savanarola adds1 cold1    
moist3 and phlegmatic1 ,isaac2 and      
therefore unwholesome for all cold and  
melancholy complexions3 others make a   
difference1 rejecting only amongst      
freshwater fish1 eel1 tench1 lamprey1   
crawfish 7which ,bright approves1 cap4  
#f71 and such as are bred in muddy and  
standing waters1 and have a taste of    

mud1 as ,franciscus ,bonsuetus          
poetically defines1 ,lib4 de            
aquatilibus4 ,nam pisces omnes1 qui     
stagna1 lacusque frequentant1 ,semper   
plus succi deterioris habent4  ,all     
fish1 that standing pools1 and lakes    
frequent1 ,do ever yield bad juice and  
nourishment4  ,lampreys1 ,paulus        
,jovius1 c4 #cd4 de piscibus fluvial41  
highly magnifies1 and saith1 ,none speak
 against them1 but inepti et scrupulosi1
 some scrupulous persons2 but           
#acfa;eels1 c4 #cc1 he abhorreth in all 
places1 at all times1 all physicians    
detest them1 especially about the       
solstice4 ,gomesius1 lib4 #a4 c4 #bb1 de
 sale1 doth immoderately extol sea-fish1
 which others as much vilify1 and above 
the rest1 dried1 soused1 indurate fish1 
as ling1 fumados1 red-herrings1 sprats1 
stock-fish1 haberdine1 poor-,john1 all  
shellfish4 #acfb,tim4 ,bright excepts   
lobster and crab4 ,messarius commends   
salmon1 which ,bruerinus contradicts1   
lib4 #bb4 c4 #ag4 ,magninus rejects     

conger1 sturgeon1 turbot1 mackerel1     
skate4 ,carp is a fish of which ,i know 
not what to determine4 ,franciscus      
,bonsuetus accounts it a muddy fish4    
,hippolitus ,salvianus1 in his ,book de 
,piscium natura et praeparatione1 which 
was printed at ,rome in folio1 #aeed1   
with most elegant pictures1 esteems carp
 no better than a slimy watery meat4    
,paulus ,jovius on the other side1      
disallowing tench1 approves of it2 so   
doth ,dubravius in his ,books of        
,fishponds4 ,freitagius #acfc;extols it 
for an excellent wholesome meat1 and    
puts it amongst the fishes of the best  
rank2 and so do most of our country     
gentlemen1 that store their ponds almost
 with no other fish4 ,but this          
controversy is easily decided1 in my    
judgment1 by ,bruerinus1 l4 #bb4 c4 #ac4
 ,the difference riseth from the site   
and nature of pools1 #acfdsometimes     
muddy1 sometimes sweet2 they are in     
taste as the place is from whence they  
be taken4 ,in like manner almost we may 

conclude of other fresh fish4 ,but see  
more in ,rondoletius1 ,bellonius1       
,oribasius1 lib4 #g4 cap4 #bb1 ,isaac1  
l4 #a1 especially ,hippolitus           
,salvianus1 who is instar omnium solus1 
c4 ,howsoever they may be wholesome and 
approved1 much use of them is not good2 
,p4 ,forestus1 in his medicinal         
observations1 #acferelates1 that        
,carthusian friars1 whose living is most
 part fish1 are more subject to         
melancholy than any other order1 and    
that he found by experience1 being      
sometimes their physician ordinary at   
,delft1 in ,holland4 ,he exemplifies it 
with an instance of one ,buscodnese1 a  
,carthusian of a ruddy colour1 and well 
liking1 that by solitary living1 and    
fish-eating1 became so misaffected4     
,herbs4 ,amongst herbs to be eaten ,i   
find gourds1 cucumbers1 coleworts1      
melons1 disallowed1 but especially      
cabbage4 ,it causeth troublesome dreams1
 and sends up black vapours to the      
brain4 ,galen1 loc4 affect4 l4 #c4 c4   

#f1 of all herbs condemns cabbage2 and  
,isaac1 lib4 #b4 c4 #a4 ,animae         
gravitatem facit1 it brings heaviness to
 the soul4 ,some are of opinion that all
 raw herbs and salads breed melancholy  
blood1 except bugloss and lettuce4      
,crato1 consil4 #ba4 lib4 #b1 speaks    
against all herbs and worts1 except     
borage1 bugloss1 fennel1 parsley1 dill1 
balm1 succory4 ,magninus1 regim4        
sanitatis1 part4 #c4 cap4 #ca4 ,omnes   
herbae simpliciter malae1 via cibi2 all 
herbs are simply evil to feed on 7as he 
thinks74 ,so did that scoffing cook in  
#acff,plautus hold3 ,non ego coenam     
condio ut alii coqui solent1 ,qui mihi  
condita prata in patinis proferunt1     
,boves qui convivas faciunt1 herbasque  
aggerunt4   ,like other cooks ,i do not 
supper dress1 ,that put whole meadows   
into a platter1  ,and make no better of 
their guests than beeves1 ,with herbs   
and grass to feed them fatter4  ,our    
,italians and ,spaniards do make a whole
 dinner of herbs and salads 7which our  

said ,plautus calls coenas terrestras1  
,horace1 coenas sine sanguine71 by which
 means1 as he follows it1 #acfg;,hic    
homines tam brevem vitam colunt-- ,qui  
herbas hujusmodi in alvum suum          
congerunt1 ,formidolosum dictu1 non esu 
modo1 ,quas herbas pecudes non edunt1   
homines edunt4  ,their lives1 that eat  
such herbs1 must needs be short1 ,and   
'tis a fearful thing for to report1     
,that men should feed on such a kind of 
meat1 ,which very juments would refuse  
to eat4  #acfh,they are windy1 and not  
fit therefore to be eaten of all men    
raw1 though qualified with oil1 but in  
broths1 or otherwise4 ,see more of these
 in every #acfi;husbandman1 and         
herbalist4 ,roots4 ,roots1 ,etsi        
quorundam gentium opes sint1 saith      
,bruerinus1 the wealth of some          
countries1 and sole food1 are windy and 
bad1 or troublesome to the head3 as     
onions1 garlic1 scallions1 turnips1     
carrots1 radishes1 parsnips3 ,crato1    
lib4 #b4 consil4 #aa1 disallows all     

roots1 though #acgj some approve of     
parsnips and potatoes4 #acga,magninus is
 of ,crato's opinion1 #acgb,they trouble
 the mind1 sending gross fumes to the   
brain1 make men mad1 especially garlic1 
onions1 if a man liberally feed on them 
a year together4 ,guianerius1 tract4    
#ae4 cap4 #b1 complains of all manner of
 roots1 and so doth ,bruerinus1 even    
parsnips themselves1 which are the best1
 ,lib4 #i4 cap4 #ad4 ,fruits4           
,pastinacarum usus succos gignit        
improbos4 ,crato1 consil4 #ba4 lib4 #a1 
utterly forbids all manner of fruits1 as
 pears1 apples1 plums1 cherries1        
strawberries1 nuts1 medlars1 serves1 c4 
,sanguinem inficiunt1 saith             
,villanovanus1 they infect the blood1   
and putrefy it1 ,magninus holds1 and    
must not therefore be taken via cibi1   
aut quantitate magna1 not to make a meal
 of1 or in any great quantity4          
#acgc;,cardan makes that a cause of     
their continual sickness at ,fessa in   
,africa1 because they live so much on   

fruits1 eating them thrice a day4       
,laurentius approves of many fruits1 in 
his ,tract of ,melancholy1 which others 
disallow1 and amongst the rest apples1  
which some likewise commend1 sweetings1 
pearmains1 pippins1 as good against     
melancholy2 but to him that is any way  
inclined to1 or touched with this       
malady1 #acgd,nicholas ,piso in his     
,practics1 forbids all fruits1 as windy1
 or to be sparingly eaten at least1 and 
not raw4 ,amongst other fruits1         
#acge;,bruerinus1 out of ,galen1 excepts
 grapes and figs1 but ,i find them      
likewise rejected4 ,pulse4 ,all pulse   
are naught1 beans1 peas1 vetches1 c41   
they fill the brain 7saith ,isaac7 with 
gross fumes1 breed black thick blood1   
and cause troublesome dreams4 ,and      
therefore1 that which ,pythagoras said  
to his scholars of old1 may be for ever 
applied to melancholy men1 ,a fabis     
abstinete1 eat no peas1 nor beans2 yet  
to such as will needs eat them1 ,i would
 give this counsel1 to prepare them     

according to those rules that ,arnoldus 
,villanovanus1 and ,frietagius          
prescribe1 for eating1 and dressing4    
fruits1 herbs1 roots1 pulse1 c4 ,spices4
 ,spices cause hot and head melancholy1 
and are for that cause forbidden by our 
physicians to such men as are inclined  
to this malady1 as pepper1 ginger1      
cinnamon1 cloves1 mace1 dates1 c4 honey 
and sugar4 #acgf ,some except honey2 to 
those that are cold1 it may be          
tolerable1 but #acgg ,dulcia se in bilem
 vertunt1 7sweets turn into bile17 they 
are obstructive4 ,crato therefore       
forbids all spice1 in a consultation of 
his1 for a melancholy schoolmaster1     
,omnia aromatica et quicquid sanguinem  
adurit3 so doth ,fernelius1 consil4 #de4
 ,guianerius1 tract #ae4 cap4 #b4       
,mercurialis1 cons4 #ahi4 ,to these ,i  
may add all sharp and sour things1      
luscious and over-sweet1 or fat1 as oil1
 vinegar1 verjuice1 mustard1 salt2 as   
sweet things are obstructive1 so these  
are corrosive4 ,gomesius1 in his books1 

de sale1 l4 #a4 c4 #ba1 highly commends 
salt2 so doth ,codronchus in his tract1 
de sale ,absynthii1 ,lemn4 l4 #c4 c4 #i4
 de occult4 nat4 mir4 yet common        
experience finds salt1 and salt-meats1  
to be great procurers of this disease4  
,and for that cause belike those        
,egyptian priests abstained from salt1  
even so much1 as in their bread1 ut sine
 perturbatione anima esset1 saith mine  
author1 that their souls might be free  
from perturbations4 ,bread4 ,bread that 
is made of baser grain1 as peas1 beans1 
oats1 rye1 or #acghover-hard baked1     
crusty1 and black1 is often spoken      
against1 as causing melancholy juice and
 wind4 ,joh4 ,mayor1 in the first book  
of his ,history of ,scotland1 contends  
much for the wholesomeness of oaten     
bread3 it was objected to him then      
living at ,paris in ,france1 that his   
countrymen fed on oats1 and base grain1 
as a disgrace2 but he doth ingenuously  
confess1 ,scotland1 ,wales1 and a third 
part of ,england1 did most part use that

 kind of bread1 that it was as wholesome
 as any grain1 and yielded as good      
nourishment4 ,and yet ,wecker out of    
,galen calls it horsemeat1 and fitter   
for juments than men to feed on4 ,but   
read ,galen himself1 ,lib4 #a4 ,de cibis
 boni et mali succi1 more largely       
discoursing of corn and bread4 ,wine4   
,all black wines1 over-hot1 compound1   
strong thick drinks1 as ,muscadine1     
,malmsey1 ,alicant1 ,rumney1            
,brownbastard1 ,metheglen1 and the like1
 of which they have thirty several kinds
 in ,muscovy1 all such made drinks are  
hurtful in this case1 to such as are    
hot1 or of a sanguine choleric          
complexion1 young1 or inclined to       
head-melancholy4 ,for many times the    
drinking of wine alone causeth it4      
,arculanus1 c4 #af4 in #i4 ,rhasis1 puts
 in #acgiwine for a great cause1        
especially if it be immoderately used4  
,guianerius1 tract4 #ae4 c4 #b1 tells a 
story of two ,dutchmen1 to whom he gave 
entertainment in his house1 that        

#achj;in one month's space were both    
melancholy by drinking of wine1 one did 
nought but sing1 the other sigh4 ,galen1
 l4 de causis morb4 c4 #c4 ,matthiolus  
on ,dioscorides1 and above all other    
,andreas ,bachius1 l4 #c4 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1
 have reckoned upon those inconveniences
 that come by wine3 yet notwithstanding 
all this1 to such as are cold1 or       
sluggish melancholy1 a cup of wine is   
good physic1 and so doth ,mercurialis   
grant1 consil4 #be1 in that case1 if the
 temperature be cold1 as to most        
melancholy men it is1 wine is much      
commended1 if it be moderately used4    
,cider1 ,perry4 ,cider and perry are    
both cold and windy drinks1 and for that
 cause to be neglected1 and so are all  
those hot spiced strong drinks4 ,beer4  
,beer1 if it be over-new or over-stale1 
over-strong1 or not sodden1 smell of the
 cask1 sharp1 or sour1 is most          
unwholesome1 frets1 and galls1 c4       
,henricus ,ayrerus1 in a                
#acha;consultation of his1 for one that 

laboured of hypochondriacal melancholy1 
discommends beer4 ,so doth #achb ,crato 
in that excellent counsel of his1 ,lib4 
#b4 consil4 #ba1 as too windy1 because  
of the hop4 ,but he means belike that   
thick black ,bohemian beer used in some 
other parts of #achc;,germany4 ------nil
 spissius illa ,dum bibitur1 nil clarius
 est dum mingitur1 unde ,constat1 quod  
multas faeces in corpore linquat4       
,nothing comes in so thick1 ,nothing    
goes out so thin1 ,it must needs follow 
then ,the dregs are left within4  ,as   
that #achdold poet scoffed1 calling it  
,stygiae monstrum conforme paludi1 a    
monstrous drink1 like the river ,styx4  
,but let them say as they list1 to such 
as are accustomed unto it1 'tis a most  
wholesome 7so #ache ,polydore ,virgil   
calleth it7 and a pleasant drink1 it is 
more subtle and better1 for the hop that
 rarefies it1 hath an especial virtue   
against melancholy1 as our herbalists   
confess1 ,fuchsius approves1 ,lib4 #b4  
sec4 #b4 instit4 cap4 #aa1 and many     

others4 ,waters ,standing waters1 thick 
and ill-coloured1 such as come forth of 
pools1 and moats1 where hemp hath been  
steeped1 or slimy fishes live1 are most 
unwholesome1 putrefied1 and full of     
mites1 creepers1 slimy1 muddy1 unclean1 
corrupt1 impure1 by reason of the sun's 
heat1 and still-standing2 they cause    
foul distemperatures in the body and    
mind of man1 are unfit to make drink of1
 to dress meat with1 or to be #achfused 
about men inwardly or outwardly4 ,they  
are good for many domestic uses1 to wash
 horses1 water cattle1 c41 or in time of
 necessity1 but not otherwise4 ,some are
 of opinion1 that such fat standing     
waters make the best beer1 and that     
seething doth defecate it1 as           
#achg;,cardan holds1 ,lib4 #ac4 subtil4 
,it mends the substance1 and savour of  
it1 but it is a paradox4 ,such beer may 
be stronger1 but not so wholesome as the
 other1 as #achh;,jobertus truly        
justifieth out of ,galen1 ,paradox1 dec4
 #a4 ,paradox #e1 that the seething of  

such impure waters doth not purge or    
purify them1 ,pliny1 lib4 #ca4 c4 #c1 is
 of the same tenet1 and ,p4             
,crescentius1 agricult4 lib4 #a4 et lib4
 #d4 c4 #aa4 et c4 #de4 ,pamphilius     
,herilachus1 l4 #d4 de not4 aquarum1    
such waters are naught1 not to be used1 
and by the testimony of #achi;,galen1   
breed agues1 dropsies1 pleurisies1      
splenetic and melancholy passions1 hurt 
the eyes1 cause a bad temperature1 and  
ill disposition of the whole body1 with 
bad colour4 ,this ,jobertus stiffly     
maintains1 ,paradox1 lib4 #a4 part4 #e1 
that it causeth blear eyes1 bad colour1 
and many loathsome diseases to such as  
use it3 this which they say1 stands with
 good reason2 for as geographers relate1
 the water of ,astracan breeds worms in 
such as drink it4 #acij ,axius1 or as   
now called ,verduri1 the fairest river  
in ,macedonia1 makes all cattle black   
that taste of it4 ,aleacman now ,peleca1
 another stream in ,thessaly1 turns     
cattle most part white1 si polui ducas1 

,l4 ,aubanus ,rohemus refers that       
#aciastruma or poke of the ,bavarians   
and ,styrians to the nature of their    
waters1 as #acib,munster doth that of   
,valesians in the ,alps1 and            
#acic;,bodine supposeth the stuttering  
of some families in ,aquitania1 about   
,labden1 to proceed from the same cause1
 and that the filth is derived from the 
water to their bodies4 ,so that they    
that use filthy1 standing1 ill-coloured1
 thick1 muddy water1 must needs have    
muddy1 ill-coloured1 impure1 and infirm 
bodies4 ,and because the body works upon
 the mind1 they shall have grosser      
understandings1 dull1 foggy1 melancholy 
spirits1 and be really subject to all   
manner of infirmities4 ,to these noxious
 simples1 we may reduce an infinite     
number of compound1 artificial1 made    
dishes1 of which our cooks afford us a  
great variety1 as tailors do fashions in
 our apparel4 ,such are #acidpuddings   
stuffed with blood1 or otherwise        
composed2 baked1 meats1 soused indurate 

meats1 fried and broiled buttered meats2
 condite1 powdered1 and over-dried1     
#acie;all cakes1 simnels1 buns1         
cracknels made with butter1 spice1 c41  
fritters1 pancakes1 pies1 sausages1 and 
those several sauces1 sharp1 or         
over-sweet1 of which scientia popinae1  
as ,seneca calls it1 hath served those  
#acif ,apician tricks1 and perfumed     
dishes1 which ,adrian the sixth ,pope so
 much admired in the accounts of his    
predecessor ,leo ,decimus2 and which    
prodigious riot and prodigality have    
invented in this age4 ,these do         
generally engender gross humours1 fill  
the stomach with crudities1 and all     
those inward parts with obstructions4   
,montanus1 consil4 #bb1 gives instance1 
in a melancholy ,jew1 that by eating    
such tart sauces1 made dishes1 and salt 
meats1 with which he was overmuch       
delighted1 became melancholy1 and was   
evil affected4 ,such examples are       
familiar and common4  ,,subsect4        
,,ii4--,quantity of ,diet a ,cause4     

,there is not so much harm proceeding   
from the substance itself of meat1 and  
quality of it1 in ill-dressing and      
preparing1 as there is from the         
quantity1 disorder of time and place1   
unseasonable use of it1 #acig           
intemperance1 overmuch1 or overlittle   
taking of it4 ,a true saying it is1     
,plures crapula quam gladius4 ,this     
gluttony kills more than the sword1 this
 omnivorantia et homicida gula1 this    
all-devouring and murdering gut4 ,and   
that of #acih,pliny is truer1 ,simple   
diet is the best2 heaping up of several 
meats is pernicious1 and sauces worse2  
many dishes bring many diseases4        
#acii;,avicen cries out1 ,that nothing  
is worse than to feed on many dishes1 or
 to protract the time of meats longer   
than ordinary2 from thence proceed our  
infirmities1 and 'tis the fountain of   
all diseases1 which arise out of the    
repugnancy of gross humours4 ,thence1   
saith #adjj ,fernelius1 come crudities1 
wind1 oppilations1 cacochymia1 plethora1

 cachexia1 bradiopepsia1 #adja;,hinc    
subitae1 mortes1 atque intestata        
senectus1 sudden death1 c41 and what    
not4 ,as a lamp is choked with a        
multitude of oil1 or a little fire with 
overmuch wood quite extinguished1 so is 
the natural heat with immoderate eating1
 strangled in the body4 ,pernitiosa     
sentina est abdomen insaturabile3 one   
saith1 ,an insatiable paunch is a       
pernicious sink1 and the fountain of all
 diseases1 both of body and mind4       
#adjb,mercurialis will have it a        
peculiar cause of this private disease2 
,solenander1 consil4 #e4 sect4 #c1      
illustrates this of ,mercurialis1 with  
an example of one so melancholy1 ab     
intempestivis commessationibus1         
unseasonable feasting4 #adjc;,crato     
confirms as much1 in that often cited   
counsel1 #ba4 lib4 #b1 putting          
superfluous eating for a main cause4    
,but what need ,i seek farther for      
proofs8 ,hear #adjd;,hippocrates        
himself1 lib4 #b4 aphor4 #aj1 ,impure   

bodies the more they are nourished1 the 
more they are hurt1 for the nourishment 
is putrefied with vicious humours4 ,and 
yet for all this harm1 which apparently 
follows surfeiting and drunkenness1 see 
how we luxuriate and rage in this kind2 
read what ,johannes ,stuckius hath      
written lately of this subject1 in his  
great volume ,de ,antiquorum ,conviviis1
 and of our present age2 ,quam          
#adjeportentosae coenae1 prodigious     
suppers1 #adjf,qui dum invitant ad      
coenam efferunt ad sepulchrum1 what     
,fagos1 ,epicures1 ,apetios1            
,heliogables1 our times afford8         
,lucullus' ghost walks still1 and every 
man desires to sup in ,apollo2 ,aesop's 
costly dish is ordinarily served up4    
#adjg,magis illa juvant1 quae pluris    
emuntur4 ,the dearest cates are best1   
and 'tis an ordinary thing to bestow    
twenty or thirty pounds on a dish1 some 
thousand crowns upon a dinner3          
#adjh,mully-,hamet1 king of ,fez and    
,morocco1 spent three pounds on the     

sauce of a capon3 it is nothing in our  
times1 we scorn all that is cheap4 ,we  
loathe the very #adjilight 7some of us1 
as ,seneca notes7 because it comes free1
 and we are offended with the sun's     
heat1 and those cool blasts1 because we 
buy them not4 ,this air we breathe is so
 common1 we care not for it2 nothing    
pleaseth but what is dear4 ,and if we be
 #adajwitty in anything1 it is ad gulam3
 ,if we study at all1 it is erudito     
luxu1 to please the palate1 and to      
satisfy the gut4 ,a cook of old was a   
base knave 7as #adaa,livy complains71   
but now a great man in request2 cookery 
is become an art1 a noble science3 cooks
 are gentlemen3 ,venter ,deus3 ,they    
wear their brains in their bellies1 and 
their guts in their heads1 as           
#adab;,agrippa taxed some parasites of  
his time1 rushing on their own          
destruction1 as if a man should run upon
 the point of a sword1 usque dum        
rumpantur comedunt1 ,they eat till they 
burst3 #adac;,all day1 all night1 let   

the physician say what he will1 imminent
 danger1 and feral diseases are now     
ready to seize upon them1 that will eat 
till they vomit1 ,edunt ut vomant1 vomut
 ut edant1 saith ,seneca2 which ,dion   
relates of ,vitellius1 ,solo transitu   
ciborum nutriri judicatus3 ,his meat did
 pass through and away1 or till they    
burst again4 #adad,strage animantium    
ventrem onerant1 and rake over all the  
world1 as so many #adaeslaves1          
belly-gods1 and land-serpents1 ,et totus
 orbis ventri nimis angustus1 the whole 
world cannot satisfy their appetite4    
#adaf,sea1 land1 rivers1 lakes1 c41 may 
not give content to their raging guts4  
,to make up the mess1 what immoderate   
drinking in every place8 ,senem potum   
pota trahebat anus1 how they flock to   
the tavern3 as if they were fruges      
consumere nati1 born to no other end but
 to eat and drink1 like ,offellius      
,bibulus1 that famous ,roman parasite1  
,qui dum vixit1 aut bibit aut minxit2 as
 so many casks to hold wine1 yea worse  

than a cask1 that mars wine1 and itself 
is not marred by it1 yet these are brave
 men1 ,silenus ,ebrius was no braver4   
,et quae fuerunt vitia1 mores sunt3 'tis
 now the fashion of our times1 an       
honour3 ,nunc vero res ista eo rediit   
7as ,chrysost4 serm4 #cj4 in v4 ,ephes4 
comments7 ,ut effeminatae ridendaeque   
ignaviae loco habeatur1 nolle inebriari2
 'tis now come to that pass that he is  
no gentleman1 a very milk-sop1 a clown1 
of no bringing up1 that will not drink2 
fit for no company2 he is your only     
gallant that plays it off finest1 no    
disparagement now to stagger in the     
streets1 reel1 rave1 c41 but much to his
 fame and renown2 as in like case       
,epidicus told ,thesprio his            
fellow-servant1 in the #adag,poet4      
,aedipol facinus improbum1 one urged1   
the other replied1 ,at jam alii fecere  
idem1 erit illi illa res honori1 'tis   
now no fault1 there be so many brave    
examples to bear one out2 'tis a credit 
to have a strong brain1 and carry his   

liquor well2 the sole contention who can
 drink most1 and fox his fellow the     
soonest4 ',tis the summum bonum of our  
tradesmen1 their felicity1 life1 and    
soul1 ,tanta dulcedine affectant1 saith 
,pliny1 lib4 #ad4 cap4 #ab4 ,ut magna   
pars non aliud vitae praemium           
intelligat1 their chief comfort1 to be  
merry together in an alehouse or tavern1
 as our modern ,muscovites do in their  
mead-inns1 and ,turks in their          
coffeehouses1 which much resemble our   
taverns2 they will labour hard all day  
long to be drunk at night1 and spend    
totius anni labores1 as ,st4 ,ambrose   
adds1 in a tippling feast2 convert day  
into night1 as ,seneca taxes some in his
 times1 ,pervertunt officia anoctis et  
lucis2 when we rise1 they commonly go to
 bed1 like our antipodes1 ,nosque ubi   
primus equis oriens afflavit anhelis1   
,illis sera rubens ascendit lumina      
vesper4  ,so did ,petronius in ,tacitus1
 ,heliogabalus in ,lampridius4          
#adah------,noctes vigilibat ad ipsum   

,mane1 diem totum stertebat8------      
------,he drank the night away ,till    
rising dawn1 then snored out all the    
day4  ,snymdiris the ,sybarite never saw
 the sun rise or set so much as once in 
twenty years4 ,verres1 against whom     
,tully so much inveighs1 in winter he   
never was extra tectum vix extra lectum1
 never almost out of bed1 #adai still   
wenching and drinking2 so did he spend  
his time1 and so do myriads in our days4
 ,they have gymnasia bibonum1 schools   
and rendezvous2 these centaurs and      
,lapithae toss pots and bowls as so many
 balls2 invent new tricks1 as sausages1 
anchovies1 tobacco1 caviar1 pickled     
oysters1 herrings1 fumados1 c43         
innumerable salt meats to increase their
 appetite1 and study how to hurt        
themselves by taking antidotes #adbjto  
carry their drink the better2 #adba;and 
when nought else serves1 they will go   
forth1 or be conveyed out1 to empty     
their gorge1 that they may return to    
drink afresh4 ,they make laws1 insanas  

leges1 contra bibendi fallacias1 and    
#adbb;brag of it when they have done1   
crowning that man that is soonest gone1 
as their drunken predecessors have done1
 --#adbcquid ego video8 ,ps4 ,cum corona
 ,pseudolum ebrium tuum--4 ,and when    
they are dead1 will have a can of wine  
with #adbd,maron's old woman to be      
engraven on their tombs4 ,so they       
triumph in villainy1 and justify their  
wickedness2 with ,rabelais1 that ,french
 ,lucian1 drunkenness is better for the 
body than physic1 because there be more 
old drunkards than old physicians4 ,many
 such frothy arguments they have1       
#adbe;inviting and encouraging others to
 do as they do1 and love them dearly for
 it 7no glue like to that of good       
fellowship74 ,so did ,alcibiades in     
,greece2 ,nero1 ,bonosus1 ,heliogabalus 
in ,rome1 or ,alegabalus rather1 as he  
was styled of old 7as #adbf;,ignatius   
proves out of some old coins74 ,so do   
many great men still1 as                
#adbg;,heresbachius observes4 ,when a   

prince drinks till his eyes stare1 like 
,bitias in the ,poet1 #adbh------7;ille 
impiger hausit ,spumantem vino pateram47
  ------a thirsty soul2 ,he took        
challenge and embrac'd the bowl2 ,with  
pleasure swill'd the gold1 nor ceased to
 draw ,till he the bottom of the brimmer
 saw4  and comes off clearly1 sound     
trumpets1 fife and drums1 the spectators
 will applaud him1 the #adbi;bishop     
himself 7if he belie them not7 with his 
chaplain will stand by and do as much1  
,o dignum principe haustum1 'twas done  
like a prince4 ,our ,dutchmen invite all
 comers with a pail and a dish1 ,velut  
infundibula integras obbas exhauriunt1  
et in monstrosis poculis1 ipsi monstrosi
 monstrosius epotant1 making barrels of 
their bellies4 ,incredibile dictu1 as   
#adcjone of their own countrymen        
complains3 #adca,quantum liquoris       
immodestissima gens capiat1 c4 ,how they
 love a man that will be drunk1 crown   
him and honour him for it1 hate him that
 will not pledge him1 stab him1 kill    

him3 a most intolerable offence1 and not
 to be forgiven4 #adcb;,he is a mortal  
enemy that will not drink with him1 as  
,munster relates of the ,saxons4 ,so in 
,poland1 he is the best servitor1 and   
the honestest fellow1 saith ,alexander  
,gaguinus1 #adcc that drinketh most     
healths to the honour of his master1 he 
shall be rewarded as a good servant1 and
 held the bravest fellow that carries   
his liquor best1 when a brewer's horse  
will bear much more than any sturdy     
drinker1 yet for his noble exploits in  
this kind1 he shall be accounted a most 
valiant man1 for #adcd,tam inter epulas 
fortis vir esse potest ac in bello1 as  
much valour is to be found in feasting  
as in fighting1 and some of our city    
captains1 and carpet knights will make  
this good1 and prove it4 ,thus they many
 times wilfully pervert the good        
temperature of their bodies1 stifle     
their wits1 strangle nature1 and        
degenerate into beasts4 ,some again are 
in the other extreme1 and draw this     

mischief on their heads by too          
ceremonious and strict diet1 being      
over-precise1 cockney-like1 and curious 
in their observation of meats1 times1 as
 that ,medicina statica prescribes1 just
 so many ounces at dinner1 which        
,lessius enjoins1 so much at supper1 not
 a little more1 nor a little less1 of   
such meat1 and at such hours1 a         
diet-drink in the morning1 cock-broth1  
,china-broth1 at dinner1 plum-broth1 a  
chicken1 a rabbit1 rib of a rack of     
mutton1 wing of a capon1 the            
merry-thought of a hen1 c42 to sounder  
bodies this is too nice and most absurd4
 ,others offend in overmuch fasting3    
pining adays1 saith #adce ,guianerius1  
and waking anights1 as many ,moors and  
,turks in these our times do4           
,anchorites1 monks1 and the rest of that
 superstitious rank 7as the same        
,guianerius witnesseth1 that he hath    
often seen to have happened in his time7
 through immoderate fasting1 have been  
frequently mad4 ,of such men belike     

,hippocrates speaks1 l4 ,aphor4 #e1 when
 as he saith1 #adcfthey more offend in  
too sparing diet1 and are worse         
damnified1 than they that feed          
liberally1 and are ready to surfeit4    
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,custom of ,diet1    
,delight1 ,appetite1 ,necessity1 how    
they cause or hinder4  ,no rule is so   
general1 which admits not some          
exception2 to this1 therefore1 which    
hath been hitherto said1 7for ,i shall  
otherwise put most men out of commons17 
and those inconveniences which proceed  
from the substance of meats1 an         
intemperate or unseasonable use of them1
 custom somewhat detracts and qualifies1
 according to that of ,hippocrates1 #b  
,aphoris4 #ej4 #adcg ,such things as we 
have been long accustomed to1 though    
they be evil in their own nature1 yet   
they are less offensive4 ,otherwise it  
might well be objected that it were a   
mere #adchtyranny to live after those   
strict rules of physic2 for custom      
#adci;doth alter nature itself1 and to  

such as are used to them it makes bad   
meats wholesome1 and unseasonable times 
to cause no disorder4 ,cider and perry  
are windy drinks1 so are all fruits     
windy in themselves1 cold most part1 yet
 in some shires of #addj;,england1      
,normandy in ,france1 ,guipuscoa in     
,spain1 'tis their common drink1 and    
they are no whit offended with it4 ,in  
,spain1 ,italy1 and ,africa1 they live  
most on roots1 raw herbs1 camel's       
#addamilk1 and it agrees well with them3
 which to a stranger will cause much    
grievance4 ,in ,wales1 lacticiniis      
vescuntur1 as ,humphrey ,llwyd          
confesseth1 a ,cambro-,briton himself1  
in his elegant epistle to ,abraham      
,ortelius1 they live most on white      
meats3 in ,holland on fish1 roots1      
#addb;butter2 and so at this day in     
,greece1 as #addc;,bellonius observes1  
they had much rather feed on fish than  
flesh4 ,with us1 ,maxima pars victus in 
carne consistit1 we feed on flesh most  
part1 saith #addd,polydore ,virgil1 as  

all northern countries do2 and it would 
be very offensive to us to live after   
their diet1 or they to live after ours4 
,we drink beer1 they wine2 they use oil1
 we butter2 we in the north are         
#adde;great eaters2 they most sparing in
 those hotter countries2 and yet they   
and we following our own customs are    
well pleased4 ,an ,ethiopian of old     
seeing an ,european eat bread1 wondered1
 quomodo stercoribus vescentes          
viverimus1 how we could eat such kind of
 meats3 so much differed his countrymen 
from ours in diet1 that as mine         
#addf;author infers1 si quis illorum    
victum apud nos aemulari vellet2 if any 
man should so feed with us1 it would be 
all one to nourish1 as ,cicuta1         
,aconitum1 or ,hellebore itself4 ,at    
this day in ,china the common people    
live in a manner altogether on roots and
 herbs1 and to the wealthiest1 horse1   
ass1 mule1 dogs1 cat-flesh1 is as       
delightsome as the rest1 so #addg,mat4  
,riccius the ,jesuit relates1 who lived 

many years amongst them4 ,the ,tartars  
eat raw meat1 and most commonly         
#addh;horse-flesh1 drink milk and blood1
 as the nomades of old4 ,et lac         
concretum cum sanguine potat equino4    
,they scoff at our ,europeans for eating
 bread1 which they call tops of weeds1  
and horse meat1 not fit for men2 and yet
 ,scaliger accounts them a sound and    
witty nation1 living a hundred years2   
even in the civilest country of them    
they do thus1 as ,benedict the ,jesuit  
observed in his travels1 from the great 
,mogul's ,court by land to ,pekin1 which
 ,riccius contends to be the same with  
,cambulu in ,cataia4 ,in ,scandia their 
bread is usually dried fish1 and so     
likewise in the ,shetland ,isles2 and   
their other fare1 as in ,iceland1 saith 
#addi;,dithmarus ,bleskenius1 butter1   
cheese1 and fish2 their drink water1    
their lodging on the ground4 ,in        
,america in many places their bread is  
roots1 their meat palmettos1 pinas1     
potatoes1 c41 and such fruits4 ,there be

 of them too that familiarly drink      
#adejsalt seawater all their lives1 eat 
#adearaw meat1 grass1 and that with     
delight4 ,with some1 fish1 serpents1    
spiders3 and in divers places they      
#adeb;eat man's flesh1 raw and roasted1 
even the ,emperor #adec,montezuma       
himself4 ,in some coasts1 again1        
#adedone tree yields them cocoanuts1    
meat and drink1 fire1 fuel1 apparel2    
with his leaves1 oil1 vinegar1 cover for
 houses1 c41 and yet these men going    
naked1 feeding coarse1 live commonly a  
hundred years1 are seldom or never sick2
 all which diet our physicians forbid4  
,in ,westphalia they feed most part on  
fat meats and worts1 knuckle deep1 and  
call it #adee;cerebrum ,iovis3 in the   
,low ,countries with roots1 in ,italy   
frogs and snails are used4 ,the ,turks1 
saith ,busbequius1 delight most in fried
 meats4 ,in ,muscovy1 garlic and onions 
are ordinary meat and sauce1 which would
 be pernicious to such as are           
unaccustomed to them1 delightsome to    

others2 and all is #adef;because they   
have been brought up unto it4           
,husbandmen1 and such as labour1 can eat
 fat bacon1 salt gross meat1 hard       
cheese1 c41 7,o dura messorum illa71    
coarse bread at all times1 go to bed and
 labour upon a full stomach1 which to   
some idle persons would be present      
death1 and is against the rules of      
physic1 so that custom is all in all4   
,our travellers find this by common     
experience when they come in far        
countries1 and use their diet1 they are 
suddenly offended1 #adeg;as our         
,hollanders and ,englishmen when they   
touch upon the coasts of ,africa1 those 
,indian capes and islands1 are commonly 
molested with calentures1 fluxes1 and   
much distempered by reason of their     
fruits4 #adeh,peregrina1 etsi suavia    
solent vescentibus perturbationes       
insignes adferre1 strange meats1 though 
pleasant1 cause notable alterations and 
distempers4 ,on the other side1 use or  
custom mitigates or makes all good      

again4 ,mithridates by often use1 which 
,pliny wonders at1 was able to drink    
poison2 and a maid1 as ,curtius records1
 sent to ,alexander from ,king ,porus1  
was brought up with poison from her     
infancy4 ,the ,turks1 saith ,bellonius1 
lib4 #c4 c4 #ae1 eat opium familiarly1 a
 dram at once1 which we dare not take in
 grains4 #adei;,garcias ab ,horto writes
 of one whom he saw at ,goa in the ,east
 ,indies1 that took ten drams of opium  
in three days2 and yet consulto         
loquebatur1 spake understandingly1 so   
much can custom do4 #adfj ,theophrastus 
speaks of a shepherd that could eat     
hellebore in substance4 ,and therefore  
,cardan concludes out of ,galen1        
,consuetudinem utcunque ferendam1 nisi  
valde malam4 ,custom is howsoever to be 
kept1 except it be extremely bad3 he    
adviseth all men to keep their old      
customs1 and that by the authority of   
#adfa;,hippocrates himself1 ,dandum     
aliquid tempori1 aetati regioni1        
consuetudini1 and therefore to          

#adfb;continue as they began1 be it     
diet1 bath1 exercise1 c41 or whatsoever 
else4 ,another exception is delight1 or 
appetite1 to such and such meats3 though
 they be hard of digestion1 melancholy2 
yet as ,fuchsius excepts1 cap4 #f4 lib4 
#b4 ,instit4 sect4 #b1 #adfc,the stomach
 doth readily digest1 and willingly     
entertain such meats we love most1 and  
are pleasing to us1 abhors on the other 
side such as we distaste4 ,which        
,hippocrates confirms1 ,aphoris4 #b4    
#ch4 ,some cannot endure cheese1 out of 
a secret antipathy2 or to see a roasted 
duck1 which to others is a              
#adfd;delightsome meat4 ,the last       
exception is necessity1 poverty1 want1  
hunger1 which drives men many times to  
do that which otherwise they are loath1 
cannot endure1 and thankfully to accept 
of it3 as beverage in ships1 and in     
sieges of great cities1 to feed on dogs1
 cats1 rats1 and men themselves4 ,three 
outlaws in #adfe;,hector ,boethius1     
being driven to their shifts1 did eat   

raw flesh1 and flesh of such fowl as    
they could catch1 in one of the         
,hebrides for some few months4 ,these   
things do mitigate or disannul that     
which hath been said of melancholy      
meats1 and make it more tolerable2 but  
to such as are wealthy1 live            
plenteously1 at ease1 may take their    
choice1 and refrain if they will1 these 
viands are to be forborne1 if they be   
inclined to1 or suspect melancholy1 as  
they tender their healths3 ,otherwise if
 they be intemperate1 or disordered in  
their diet1 at their peril be it4 ,qui  
monet amat1 ,ave et cave4 ,he who       
advises is your friend ,farewell1 and to
 your health attend4   ,,subsect4       
,,iv4--,retention and ,evacuation a     
cause1 and how4  ,of retention and      
evacuation1 there be divers kinds1 which
 are either concomitant1 assisting1 or  
sole causes many times of melancholy4   
#adff ,galen reduceth defect and        
abundance to this head2 others          
#adfg;,all that is separated1 or        

remains4 ,costiveness4 ,in the first    
rank of these1 ,i may well reckon up    
costiveness1 and keeping in of our      
ordinary excrements1 which as it often  
causeth other diseases1 so this of      
melancholy in particular4 #adfh;,celsus1
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #c1 saith1 ,it produceth 
inflammation of the head1 dullness1     
cloudiness1 headache1 c4 ,prosper       
,calenus1 lib4 de atra bile1 will have  
it distemper not the organ only1        
#adfi;but the mind itself by troubling  
of it3 and sometimes it is a sole cause 
of madness1 as you may read in the first
 book of #adgj,skenkius's ,medicinal    
,observations4 ,a young merchant going  
to ,nordeling fair in ,germany1 for ten 
days' space never went to stool2 at his 
return he was #adga;grievously          
melancholy1 thinking that he was robbed1
 and would not be persuaded but that all
 his money was gone2 his friends thought
 he had some philtrum given him1 but    
,cnelius1 a physician1 being sent for1  
found his #adgb;costiveness alone to be 

the cause1 and thereupon gave him a     
clyster1 by which he was speedily       
recovered4 ,trincavellius1 consult4 #ce4
 lib4 #a1 saith as much of a melancholy 
lawyer1 to whom he administered physic1 
and ,rodericus a ,fonseca1 consult4 #he4
 tom4 #b1 #adgcof a patient of his1 that
 for eight days was bound1 and therefore
 melancholy affected4 ,other retentions 
and evacuations there are1 not simply   
necessary1 but at some times2 as        
,fernelius accounts them1 ,path4 lib4   
#a4 cap4 #ae1 as suppression of         
haemorrhoids1 monthly issues in women1  
bleeding at nose1 immoderate or no use  
at all of ,venus3 or any other ordinary 
issues4 #adgd;,detention of             
haemorrhoids1 or monthly issues1        
,villanovanus ,breviar4 lib4 #a4 cap4   
#ah4 ,arculanus1 cap4 #af4 in #i4       
,rhasis1 ,vittorius ,faventinus1 pract4 
mag4 tract4 #b4 cap4 #ae4 ,bruel1 c4 put
 for ordinary causes4 ,fuchsius1 l4 #b4 
sect4 #e4 c4 #cj1 goes farther1 and     
saith1 #adge,that many men unseasonably 

cured of the haemorrhoids have been     
corrupted with melancholy1 seeking to   
avoid ,scylla1 they fall into           
,charybdis4 ,galen1 l4 de hum4 commen4  
#c4 ad text4 #bf1 illustrates this by an
 example of ,lucius ,martius1 whom he   
cured of madness1 contracted by this    
means3 ,and #adgf ,skenkius hath two    
other instances of two melancholy and   
mad women1 so caused from the           
suppression of their months4 ,the same  
may be said of bleeding at the nose1 if 
it be suddenly stopped1 and have been   
formerly used1 as #adgg,villanovanus    
urgeth3 ,and #adgh;,fuchsius1 lib4 #b4  
sect4 #e4 cap4 #cc1 stiffly maintains1  
,that without great danger1 such an     
issue may not be stayed4 ,venus omitted 
produceth like effects4 ,mathiolus1     
epist4 #e4 l4 penult41 #adgi;avoucheth  
of his knowledge1 that some through     
bashfulness abstained from venery1 and  
thereupon became very heavy and dull2   
and some others that were very timorous1
 melancholy1 and beyond all measure sad4

 ,oribasius1 med4 collect4 l4 #f4 c4    
#cg1 speaks of some1 #adhj,that if they 
do not use carnal copulation1 are       
continually troubled with heaviness and 
headache2 and some in the same case by  
intermission of it4 ,not use of it hurts
 many1 ,arculanus1 c4 #f4 in #i4        
,rhasis1 et ,magninus1 part4 #c4 cap4   
#e1 think1 because it #adhasends up     
poisoned vapours to the brain and heart4
 ,and so doth ,galen himself hold1 ,that
 if this natural seed be over-long kept 
7in some parties7 it turns to poison4   
,hieronymus ,mercurialis1 in his chapter
 of melancholy1 cites it for an especial
 cause of this malady1 #adhbpriapismus1 
satyriasis1 c4 ,haliabbas1 #e4 ,theor4  
c4 #cf1 reckons up this and many other  
diseases4 ,villanovanus ,breviar4 l4 #a4
 c4 #ah1 saith1 ,he knew #adhcmany monks
 and widows grievously troubled with    
melancholy1 and that from this sole     
cause4 #adhd,ludovicus ,mercatus1 l4 #b4
 de mulierum affect4 cap4 #d1 and       
,rodericus a ,castro1 de morbis mulier4 

l4 #b4 c4 #c1 treat largely of this     
subject1 and will have it produce a     
peculiar kind of melancholy in stale    
maids1 nuns1 and widows1 ,ob            
suppressionem mensium et venerem        
omissam1 timidae1 moestae anxiae1       
verecundae1 suspicioscae1 languentes1   
consilii inopes1 cum summa vitae et     
rerum meliorum desperatione1 c41 they   
are melancholy in the highest degree1   
and all for want of husbands4 ,aelianus 
,montaltus1 cap4 #cg4 de melanchol41    
confirms as much out of ,galen2 so doth 
,wierus1 ,christophorus a ,vega de art4 
med4 lib4 #c4 c4 #ad1 relates many such 
examples of men and women1 that he had  
seen so melancholy4 ,felix ,plater in   
the first book of his ,observations1    
#adhetells a story of an ancient        
gentleman in ,alsatia1 that married a   
young wife1 and was not able to pay his 
debts in that kind for a long time      
together1 by reason of his several      
infirmities3 but she1 because of this   
inhibition of ,venus1 fell into a       

horrible fury1 and desired every one    
that came to see her1 by words1 looks1  
and gestures1 to have to do with her1 c4
 #adhf;,bernardus ,paternus1 a          
physician1 saith1 ,he knew a good honest
 godly priest1 that because he would    
neither willingly marry1 nor make use of
 the stews1 fell into grievous          
melancholy fits4 ,hildesheim1 spicel4   
#b1 hath such another example of an     
,italian melancholy priest1 in a        
consultation had ,anno #aehj4 ,jason    
,pratensis gives instance in a married  
man1 that from his wife's death         
abstaining1 #adhg;after marriage1 became
 exceedingly melancholy1 ,rodericus a   
,fonseca in a young man so misaffected1 
,tom4 #b4 consult4 #he4 ,to these you   
may add1 if you please1 that conceited  
tale of a ,jew1 so visited in like sort1
 and so cured1 out of ,poggius          
,florentinus4 ,intemperate ,venus is all
 but as bad in the other extreme4       
,galen1 l4 #f4 de mortis popular4 sect4 
#e4 text4 #bf1 reckons up melancholy    

amongst those diseases which are        
#adhh;exasperated by venery3 so doth    
,avicenna1 #b1 #c1 c4 #aa4 ,oribasius1  
loc4 citat4 ,ficinus1 lib4 #b4 de       
sanitate tuenda4 ,marsilius ,cognatus1  
,montaltus1 cap4 #bg4 ,guianerius1      
,tract4 #c4 cap4 #b4 ,magninus1 cap4 #e4
 part4 #c4 #adhi;gives the reason1      
because #adij;it infrigidates and dries 
up the body1 consumes the spirits2 and  
would therefore have all such as are    
cold and dry to take heed of and to     
avoid it as a mortal enemy4 ,jacchinus  
in #i ,rhasis1 cap4 #ae1 ascribes the   
same cause1 and instanceth in a patient 
of his1 that married a young wife in a  
hot summer1 #adia;and so dried himself  
with chamber-work1 that he became in    
short space from melancholy1 mad3 he    
cured him by moistening remedies4 ,the  
like example ,i find in ,laelius a      
,fonte ,eugubinus1 consult4 #abi1 of a  
gentleman of ,venice1 that upon the same
 occasion was first melancholy1         
afterwards mad4 ,read in him the story  

at large4 ,any other evacuation stopped 
will cause it1 as well as these above   
named1 be it bile1 #adibulcer1 issue1 c4
 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 lib4 #a4 c4 #af1
 and ,gordonius1 verify this out of     
their experience4 ,they saw one wounded 
in the head who as long as the sore was 
open1 ,lucida habuit mentis intervalla1 
was well2 but when it was stopped1      
,rediit melancholia1 his melancholy fit 
seized on him again4 ,artificial        
evacuations are much like in effect1 as 
hot houses1 baths1 bloodletting1        
purging1 unseasonably and immoderately  
used4 #adic;,baths dry too much1 if used
 in excess1 be they natural or          
artificial1 and offend extreme hot1 or  
cold2 #adidone dries1 the other         
refrigerates overmuch4 ,montanus1       
consil4 #acg1 saith1 they overheat the  
liver4 ,joh4 ,struthius1 ,stigmat4      
artis4 l4 #d4 c4 #i1 contends1 #adiethat
 if one stay longer than ordinary at the
 bath1 go in too oft1 or at unseasonable
 times1 he putrefies the humours in his 

body4 ,to this purpose writes ,magninus1
 l4 #c4 c4 #e4 ,guianerius1 ,tract4 #ae4
 c4 #ba1 utterly disallows all hot baths
 in melancholy adust4 #adif;,i saw      
7saith he7 a man that laboured of the   
gout1 who to be freed of this malady    
came to the bath1 and was instantly     
cured of his disease1 but got another   
worse1 and that was madness4 ,but this  
judgment varies as the humour doth1 in  
hot or cold3 baths may be good for one  
melancholy man1 bad for another2 that   
which will cure it in this party1 may   
cause it in a second4 ,phlebotomy4      
,phlebotomy1 many times neglected1 may  
do much harm to the body1 when there is 
a manifest redundance of bad humours1   
and melancholy blood2 and when these    
humours heat and boil1 if this be not   
used in time1 the parties affected1 so  
inflamed1 are in great danger to be mad2
 but if it be unadvisedly1 importunely1 
immoderately used1 it doth as much harm 
by refrigerating the body1 dulling the  
spirits1 and consuming them3 as ,joh4   

#adig;,curio in his #ajth chapter well  
reprehends1 such kind of letting blood  
doth more hurt than good3 #adih,the     
humours rage much more than they did    
before1 and is so far from avoiding     
melancholy1 that it increaseth it1 and  
weakeneth the sight4 #adii,prosper      
,calenus observes as much of all        
phlebotomy1 except they keep a very good
 diet after it2 yea1 and as             
#aejj,leonartis ,jacchinus speaks out of
 his own experience1 #aeja,the blood is 
much blacker to many men after their    
letting of blood than it was at first4  
,for this cause belike ,salust4         
,salvinianus1 l4 #b4 c4 #a1 will admit  
or hear of no bloodletting at all in    
this disease1 except it be manifest it  
proceed from blood3 he was 7it appears7 
by his own words in that place1 master  
of an hospital of mad men1 #aejb;and    
found by long experience1 that this kind
 of evacuation1 either in head1 arm1 or 
any other part1 did more harm than good4
 ,to this opinion of his1 #aejc;,felix  

,plater is quite opposite1 though some  
wink at1 disallow and quite contradict  
all phlebotomy in melancholy1 yet by    
long experience ,i have found           
innumerable so saved1 after they had    
been twenty1 nay1 sixty times let blood1
 and to live happily after it4 ,it was  
an ordinary thing of old1 in ,galen's   
time1 to take at once from such men six 
pounds of blood1 which now we dare      
scarce take in ounces3 sed viderint     
medici2 great books are written of this 
subject4 ,purging upward and downward1  
in abundance of bad humours omitted1 may
 be for the worst2 so likewise as in the
 precedent1 if overmuch1 too frequent or
 violent1 it #aejdweakeneth their       
strength1 saith ,fuchsius1 l4 #b4 sect41
 #b c4 #ag1 or if they be strong or able
 to endure physic1 yet it brings them to
 an ill habit1 they make their bodies no
 better than apothecaries' shops1 this  
and such like infirmities must needs    
follow4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,bad ,air1 a   
cause of ,melancholy4  ,air is a cause  

of great moment1 in producing this1 or  
any other disease1 being that it is     
still taken into our bodies by          
respiration1 and our more inner parts4  
#aeje;,if it be impure and foggy1 it    
dejects the spirits1 and causeth        
diseases by infection of the heart1 as  
,paulus hath it1 lib4 #a4 c4 #di4       
,avicenna1 lib4 #a4 ,gal4 de san4       
tuenda4 ,mercurialis1 ,montaltus1 c4    
#aejf;,fernelius saith1 ,a thick air    
thickeneth the blood and humours4       
#aejg,lemnius reckons up two main things
 most profitable1 and most pernicious to
 our bodies2 air and diet3 and this     
peculiar disease1 nothing sooner causeth
 #aejh7;,jobertus holds7 than the air   
wherein we breathe and live4 #aeji,such 
as is the air1 such be our spirits2 and 
as our spirits1 such are our humours4   
,it offends commonly if it be too       
#aeaj;hot and dry1 thick1 fuliginous1   
cloudy1 blustering1 or a tempestuous    
air4 ,bodine in his fifth ,book1 ,de    
repub4 cap4 #a1 #e1 of his ,method of   

,history1 proves that hot countries are 
most troubled with melancholy1 and that 
there are therefore in ,spain1 ,africa1 
and ,asia ,minor1 great numbers of mad  
men1 insomuch that they are compelled in
 all cities of note1 to build peculiar  
hospitals for them4 ,leo #aeaa;,afer1   
lib4 #c4 de ,fessa urbe1 ,ortelius and  
,zuinger1 confirm as much3 they are     
ordinarily so choleric in their         
speeches1 that scarce two words pass    
without railing or chiding in common    
talk1 and often quarrelling in their    
streets4 #aeab;,gordonius will have     
every man take notice of it3 ,note this 
7saith he7 that in hot countries it is  
far more familiar than in cold4         
,although this we have now said be not  
continually so1 for as #aeac;,acosta    
truly saith1 under the ,equator itself1 
is a most temperate habitation1         
wholesome air1 a paradise of pleasure3  
the leaves ever green1 cooling showers4 
,but it holds in such as are            
intemperately hot1 as #aead;,johannes a 

,meggen found in ,cyprus1 others in     
,malta1 ,aupulia1 and the #aeae;,holy   
,land1 where at some seasons of the year
 is nothing but dust1 their rivers dried
 up1 the air scorching hot1 and earth   
inflamed2 insomuch that many pilgrims   
going barefoot for devotion sake1 from  
,joppa to ,jerusalem upon the hot sands1
 often run mad1 or else quite           
overwhelmed with sand1 profundis arenis1
 as in many parts of ,africa1 ,arabia   
,deserta1 ,bactriana1 now ,charassan1   
when the west wind blows #aeaf;,involuti
 arenis transeuntes necantur4           
#aeag;,hercules de ,saxonia1 a professor
 in ,venice1 gives this cause why so    
many ,venetian women are melancholy1    
,quod diu sub sole degant1 they tarry   
too long in the sun4 ,montanus1 consil4 
#ba1 amongst other causes assigns this2 
,why that ,jew his patient was mad1     
,quod tam multum exposuit se calori et  
frigori3 he exposed himself so much to  
heat and cold1 and for that reason in   
,venice1 there is little stirring in    

those brick paved streets in summer     
about noon1 they are most part then     
asleep3 as they are likewise in the     
great ,mogol's countries1 and all over  
the ,east ,indies4 ,at ,aden in ,arabia1
 as #aeah ,lodovicus ,vertomannus       
relates in his travels1 they keep their 
markets in the night1 to avoid extremity
 of heat2 and in ,ormus1 like cattle in 
a pasture1 people of all sorts lie up to
 the chin in water all day long4 ,at    
,braga in ,portugal2 ,burgos in         
,castile2 ,messina in ,sicily1 all over 
,spain and ,italy1 their streets are    
most part narrow1 to avoid the sunbeams4
 ,the ,turks wear great turbans ad      
fugandos solis radios1 to refract the   
sunbeams2 and much inconvenience that   
hot air of ,bantam in ,java yields to   
our men1 that sojourn there for traffic2
 where it is so hot1 #aeaithat they that
 are sick of the pox1 lie commonly      
bleaching in the sun1 to dry up their   
sores4 ,such a complaint ,i read of     
those isles of ,cape ,verde1 fourteen   

degrees from the ,equator1 they do male 
audire3 #aebj,one calls them the        
unhealthiest clime of the world1 for    
fluxes1 fevers1 frenzies1 calentures1   
which commonly seize on seafaring men   
that touch at them1 and all by reason of
 a hot distemperature of the air4 ,the  
hardiest men are offended with this     
heat1 and stiffest clowns cannot resist 
it1 as ,constantine affirms1 ,agricult4 
l4 #b4 c4 #de4 ,they that are naturally 
born in such air1 may not #aeba;endure  
it1 as ,niger records of some part of   
,mesopotamia1 now called ,diarbecha3    
,quibusdam in locis saevienti aestui    
adeo subjecta est1 ut pleraque animalia 
fervore solis et coeli extinguantur1    
'tis so hot there in some places1 that  
men of the country and cattle are killed
 with it2 and #aebb;,adricomius of      
,arabia ,felix1 by reason of myrrh1     
frankincense1 and hot spices there      
growing1 the air is so obnoxious to     
their brains1 that the very inhabitants 
at some times cannot abide it1 much less

 weaklings and strangers4 #aebc;,amatus 
,lusitanus1 cent4 #a4 curat4 #de1       
reports of a young maid1 that was one   
,vincent a currier's daughter1 some     
thirteen years of age1 that would wash  
her hair in the heat of the day 7in     
,july7 and so let it dry in the sun1    
#aebdto make it yellow1 but by that     
means tarrying too long in the heat1 she
 inflamed her head1 and made herself    
mad4 ,cold air in the other extreme is  
almost as bad as hot1 and so doth       
,montaltus esteem of it1 c4 #aa1 if it  
be dry withal4 ,in those northern       
countries1 the people are therefore     
generally dull1 heavy1 and many witches1
 which 7as ,i have before quoted7 ,saxo 
,grammaticus1 ,olaus1 ,baptista ,porta  
ascribe to melancholy4 ,but these cold  
climes are more subject to natural      
melancholy 7not this artificial7 which  
is cold and dry3 for which cause        
#aebe,mercurius ,britannicus belike puts
 melancholy men to inhabit just under   
the ,pole4 ,the worst of the three is a 

#aebfthick1 cloudy1 misty1 foggy air1 or
 such as come from fens1 moorish        
grounds1 lakes1 muck-hills1 draughts1   
sinks1 where any carcasses1 or carrion  
lies1 or from whence any stinking       
fulsome smell comes3 ,galen1 ,avicenna1 
,mercurialis1 new and old physicians1   
hold that such air is unwholesome1 and  
engenders melancholy1 plagues1 and what 
not8 #aebg;,alexandretta1 an haven-town 
in the ,mediterranean ,sea1 ,saint ,john
 de ,ulloa1 an haven in ,nova-,hispania1
 are much condemned for a bad air1 so   
are ,durazzo in ,albania1 ,lithuania1   
,ditmarsh1 ,pomptinae ,paludes in       
,italy1 the territories about ,pisa1    
,ferrara1 c4 ,romney ,marsh with us2 the
 ,hundreds in ,essex1 the fens in       
,lincolnshire4 ,cardan1 de rerum        
varietate1 l4 #ag1 c4 #if1 finds fault  
with the sight of those rich1 and most  
populous cities in the ,low ,countries1 
as ,bruges1 ,ghent1 ,amsterdam1 ,leiden1
 ,utrecht1 c4 the air is bad2 and so at 
,stockholm in ,sweden2 ,regium in       

,italy1 ,salisbury with us1 ,hull and   
,lynn3 they may be commodious for       
navigation1 this new kind of            
fortification1 and many other good      
necessary uses2 but are they so         
wholesome8 ,old ,rome hath descended    
from the hills to the valley1 'tis the  
site of most of our new cities1 and held
 best to build in plains1 to take the   
opportunity of rivers4 ,leander         
,albertus pleads hard for the air and   
site of ,venice1 though the black       
moorish lands appear at every low water3
 the sea1 fire1 and smoke 7as he thinks7
 qualify the air2 and #aebhsome suppose1
 that a thick foggy air helps the       
memory1 as in them of ,pisa in ,italy2  
and our ,camden1 out of ,plato1 commends
 the site of ,cambridge1 because it is  
so near the fens4 ,but let the site of  
such places be as it may1 how can they  
be excused that have a delicious seat1 a
 pleasant air1 and all that nature can  
afford1 and yet through their own       
nastiness1 and sluttishness1 immund and 

sordid manner of life1 suffer their air 
to putrefy1 and themselves to be chocked
 up8 ,many cities in ,turkey do male    
audire in this kind3 ,constantinople    
itself1 where commonly carrion lies in  
the street4 ,some find the same fault in
 ,spain1 even in ,madrid1 the king's    
seat1 a most excellent air1 a pleasant  
site2 but the inhabitants are slovens1  
and the streets uncleanly kept4 ,a      
troublesome tempestuous air is as bad as
 impure1 rough and foul weather1        
impetuous winds1 cloudy dark days1 as it
 is commonly with us1 ,coelum visu      
foedum1 #aebi,polydore calls it a filthy
 sky1 et in quo facile generantur nubes2
 as ,tully's brother ,quintus wrote to  
him in ,rome1 being then quaestor in    
,britain4 ,in a thick and cloudy air    
7saith ,lemnius7 men are tetric1 sad1   
and peevish3 ,and if the western winds  
blow1 and that there be a calm1 or a    
fair sunshine day1 there is a kind of   
alacrity in men's minds2 it cheers up   
men and beasts3 but if it be a          

turbulent1 rough1 cloudy1 stormy        
weather1 men are sad1 lumpish1 and much 
dejected1 angry1 waspish1 dull1 and     
melancholy4 ,this was #aecj,virgil's    
experiment of old1 ,verum ubi tempestas1
 et coeli mobilis humor ,mutavere vices1
 et ,jupiter humidus ,austro1 ,vertuntur
 species animorum1 et pectore motus     
,concipiunt alios------   ,but when the 
face of ,heaven changed is ,to tempests1
 rain1 from season fair3  ,our minds are
 altered1 and in our breasts ,forthwith 
some new conceits appear4  ,and who is  
not weather-wise against such and such  
conjunctions of planets1 moved in foul  
weather1 dull and heavy in such         
tempestuous seasons8 #aeca ,gelidum     
contristat ,aquarius annum3 the time    
requires1 and the autumn breeds it2     
winter is like unto it1 ugly1 foul1     
squalid1 the air works on all men1 more 
or less1 but especially on such as are  
melancholy1 or inclined to it1 as       
,lemnius holds1 #aecb,they are most     
moved with it1 and those which are      

already mad1 rave downright1 either in1 
or against a tempest4 ,besides1 the     
devil many times takes his opportunity  
of such storms1 and when the humours by 
the air be stirred1 he goes in with     
them1 exagitates our spirits1 and vexeth
 our souls2 as the sea waves1 so are the
 spirits and humours in our bodies      
tossed with tempestuous winds and       
storms4 ,to such as are melancholy      
therefore1 ,montanus1 consil4 #bd1 will 
have tempestuous and rough air to be    
avoided1 and consil4 #bg1 all night air1
 and would not have them to walk abroad1
 but in a pleasant day4 ,lemnius1 l4 #c4
 c4 #c1 discommends the south and       
eastern winds1 commends the north4      
,montanus1 consil4 #ca4 #aecc,will not  
any windows to be opened in the night4  
,consil4 #bbi4 et consil4 #bcj1 he      
discommends especially the south wind1  
and nocturnal air3 ,so doth             
#aecd,plutarch4 ,the night and darkness 
makes men sad1 the like do all          
subterranean vaults1 dark houses in     

caves and rocks1 desert places cause    
melancholy in an instant1 especially    
such as have not been used to it1 or    
otherwise accustomed4 ,read more of air 
in ,hippocrates1 ,aetius1 l4 #c4 a c4   
#aga4 ad #age4 ,oribasius1 a c4 #a4 ad  
#ba4 ,avicen4 l4 #a4 can4 ,fen4 #b4 doc4
 #b4 ,fen4 #a4 c4 #abc to the #ab1 c4   
,,subsect4 ,,vi4--,immoderate ,exercise 
a cause1 and how4 ,solitariness1        
,idleness4  ,nothing so good but it may 
be abused3 nothing better than exercise 
7if opportunely used7 for the           
preservation of the body3 nothing so bad
 if it be unseasonable4 violent1 or     
overmuch4 ,fernelius out of ,galen1     
,path4 lib4 #a4 c4 #af1 saith1          
#aece,that much exercise and weariness  
consumes the spirits and substance1     
refrigerates the body2 and such humours 
which ,nature would have otherwise      
concocted and expelled1 it stirs up and 
makes them rage3 which being so enraged1
 diversely affect and trouble the body  
and mind4 ,so doth it1 if it be         

unseasonably used1 upon a full stomach1 
or when the body is full of crudities1  
which ,fuchsius so much inveighs        
against1 lib4 #b4 instit4 sec4 #b4 c4   
#d1 giving that for a cause1 why        
schoolboys in ,germany are so often     
scabbed1 because they use exercise      
presently after meats4 #aecf;,bayerus   
puts in a caveat against such exercise1 
because it #aecg;corrupts the meat in   
the stomach1 and carries the same juice 
raw1 and as yet undigested1 into the    
veins 7saith ,lemnius71 which there     
putrefies and confounds the animal      
spirits4 ,crato1 consil4 #ba4 l4 #b1    
#aechprotests against all such exercise 
after meat1 as being the greatest enemy 
to concoction that may be1 and cause of 
corruption of humours1 which produce    
this1 and many other diseases4 ,not     
without good reason then doth ,salust4  
,salvianus1 l4 #b4 c4 #a1 and ,leonartus
 ,jacchinus1 in #i4 ,rhasis1            
,mercurialis1 ,arcubanus1 and many      
other1 set down #aeci;immoderate        

exercise as a most forcible cause of    
melancholy4 ,opposite to exercise is    
idleness 7the badge of gentry7 or want  
of exercise1 the bane of body and mind1 
the nurse of naughtiness1 stepmother of 
discipline1 the chief author of all     
mischief1 one of the seven deadly sins1 
and a sole cause of this and many other 
maladies1 the devil's cushion1 as       
#aedj;,gualter calls it1 his pillow and 
chief reposal4 ,for the mind can never  
rest1 but still meditates on one thing  
or other1 except it be occupied about   
some honest business1 of his own accord 
it rusheth into melancholy4 #aeda;,as   
too much and violent exercise offends on
 the one side1 so doth an idle life on  
the other 7saith ,crato71 it fills the  
body full of phlegm1 gross humours1 and 
all manner of obstructions1 rheums1     
catarrhs1 c4 ,rhasis1 cont4 lib4 #a4    
tract4 #i1 accounts of it as the        
greatest cause of melancholy4 #aedb;,i  
have often seen 7saith he7 that idleness
 begets this humour more than anything  

else4 ,montaltus1 c4 #a1 seconds him out
 of his experience1 #aedc,they that are 
idle are far more subject to melancholy 
than such as are conversant or employed 
about any office or business4           
#aedd,plutarch reckons up idleness for a
 sole cause of the sickness of the soul3
 ,there are they 7saith he7 troubled in 
mind1 that have no other cause but this4
 ,homer1 ,iliad4 #a1 brings in ,achilles
 eating of his own heart in his         
idleness1 because he might not fight4   
,mercurialis1 consil4 #hf1 for a        
melancholy young man urgeth1 #aede;it as
 a chief cause2 why was he melancholy8  
because idle4 ,nothing begets it sooner1
 increaseth and continueth it oftener   
than idleness4#aedf;,a disease familiar 
to all idle persons1 an inseparable     
companion to such as live at ease1      
,pingui otio desidiose agentes1 a life  
out of action1 and have no calling or   
ordinary employment to busy themselves  
about1 that have small occasions2 and   
though they have1 such is their         

laziness1 dullness1 they will not       
compose themselves to do aught2 they    
cannot abide work1 though it be         
necessary2 easy as to dress themselves1 
write a letter1 or the like2 yet as he  
that is benumbed with cold sits still   
shaking1 that might relieve himself with
 a little exercise or stirring1 do they 
complain1 but will not use the facile   
and ready means to do themselves good2  
and so are still tormented with         
melancholy4 ,especially if they have    
been formerly brought up to business1 or
 to keep much company1 and upon a sudden
 come to lead a sedentary life2 it      
crucifies their souls1 and seizeth on   
them in an instant2 for whilst they are 
any ways employed1 in action1 discourse1
 about any business1 sport or           
recreation1 or in company to their      
liking1 they are very well2 but if alone
 or idle1 tormented instantly again2 one
 day's solitariness1 one hour's         
sometimes1 doth them more harm1 than a  
week's physic1 labour1 and company can  

do good4 ,melancholy seizeth on them    
forthwith being alone1 and is such a    
torture1 that as wise ,seneca well      
saith1 ,malo mihi male quam molliter    
esse1 ,i had rather be sick than idle4  
,this idleness is either of body or     
mind4 ,that of body is nothing but a    
kind of benumbing laziness1 intermitting
 exercise1 which1 if we may believe     
#aedg;,fernelius1 causeth crudities1    
obstructions1 excremental humours1      
quencheth the natural heat1 dulls the   
spirits1 and makes them unapt to do any 
thing whatsoever4 #aedh,neglectis urenda
 filix innascitur agris4  ------for1 a  
neglected field ,shall for the fire its 
thorns and thistles yield4  ,as fern    
grows in untilled grounds1 and all      
manner of weeds1 so do gross humours in 
an idle body1 ,ignavum corrumpunt otia  
corpus4 ,a horse in a stable that never 
travels1 a hawk in a mew that seldom    
flies1 are both subject to diseases2    
which left unto themselves1 are most    
free from any such encumbrances4 ,an    

idle dog will be mangy1 and how shall an
 idle person think to escape8 ,idleness 
of the mind is much worse than this of  
the body2 wit without employment is a   
disease #aedi;,aerugo animi1 rubigo     
ingenii3 the rust of the soul1 #aeej;a  
plague1 a hell itself1 ,maximum animi   
nocumentum1 ,galen1 calls it4 #aeea;,as 
in a standing pool1 worms and filthy    
creepers increase1 7et vitium capiunt ni
 moveantur aquae1 the water itself      
putrefies1 and air likewise1 if it be   
not continually stirred by the wind7 so 
do evil and corrupt thoughts in an idle 
person1 the soul is contaminated4 ,in a 
commonwealth1 where is no public enemy1 
there is likely civil wars1 and they    
rage upon themselves3 this body of ours1
 when it is idle1 and knows not how to  
bestow itself1 macerates and vexeth     
itself with cares1 griefs1 false fears1 
discontents1 and suspicions2 it tortures
 and preys upon his own bowels1 and is  
never at rest4 ,thus much ,i dare boldly
 say2 he or she that is idle1 be they of

 what condition they will1 never so     
rich1 so well allied1 fortunate1 happy1 
let them have all things in abundance   
and felicity that heart can wish and    
desire1 all contentment1 so long as he  
or she or they are idle1 they shall     
never be pleased1 never well in body and
 mind1 but weary still1 sickly still1   
vexed still1 loathing still1 weeping1   
sighing1 grieving1 suspecting1 offended 
with the world1 with every object1      
wishing themselves gone or dead1 or else
 earned away with some foolish phantasy 
or other4 ,and this is the true cause   
that so many great men1 ladies1 and     
gentlewomen1 labour of this disease in  
country and city2 for idleness is an    
appendix to nobility2 they count it a   
disgrace to work1 and spend all their   
days in sports1 recreations1 and        
pastimes1 and will therefore take no    
pains2 be of no vocation3 they feed     
liberally1 fare well1 want exercise1    
action1 employment1 7for to work1 ,i    
say1 they may not abide17 and ,company  

to their desires1 and thence their      
bodies become full of gross humours1    
wind1 crudities2 their minds disquieted1
 dull1 heavy1 c4 care1 jealousy1 fear of
 some diseases1 sullen fits1 weeping    
fits seize too #aeeb;familiarly on them4
 ,for what will not fear and phantasy   
work in an idle body8 what distempers   
will they not cause8 when the children  
of #aeec ,israel murmured against       
,pharaoh in ,egypt1 he commanded his    
officers to double their task1 and let  
them get straw themselves1 and yet make 
their full number of bricks2 for the    
sole cause why they mutiny1 and are evil
 at ease1 is1 they are idle4 ,when you  
shall hear and see so many discontented 
persons in all places where you come1 so
 many several grievances1 unnecessary   
complaints1 fears1 suspicions1 #aeedthe 
best means to redress it is to set them 
awork1 so to busy their minds2 for the  
truth is1 they are idle4 ,well they may 
build castles in the air for a time1 and
 sooth up themselves with fantastical   

and pleasant humours1 but in the end    
they will prove as bitter as gall1 they 
shall be still ,i say discontent1       
suspicious1 #aeee;fearful1 jealous1 sad1
 fretting and vexing of themselves2 so  
long as they be idle1 it is impossible  
to please them1 ,otio qui nescit uti1   
plus habet negotii quam qui negotium in 
negotio1 as that #aeef;,agellius could  
observe3 ,he that knows not how to spend
 his time1 hath more business1 care1    
grief1 anguish of mind1 than he that is 
most busy in the midst of all his       
business4 ,otiosus animus nescit quid   
volet3 ,an idle person 7as he follows   
it7 knows not when he is well1 what he  
would have1 or whither he would go1     
,quum illuc ventum est1 illinc lubet1 he
 is tired out with everything1          
displeased with all1 weary of his life3 
,nec bene domi1 nec militiae1 neither at
 home nor abroad1 errat1 et praeter     
vitam vivitur1 he wanders and lives     
besides himself4 ,in a word1 ,what the  
mischievous effects of laziness and     

idleness are1 ,i do not find any where  
more accurately expressed1 than in these
 verses of ,philolaches in the          
#aeeg;,comical ,poet1 which for their   
elegancy ,i will in part insert4        
,novarum aedium esse arbitror similem   
ego hominem1 ,quando hic natus est3 ,ei 
rei argumenta dicam4 ,aedes quando sunt 
ad amussim expolitae1 ,quisque laudat   
fabrum1 atque exemplum expetit1 c4 ,at  
ubi illo migrat nequam homo             
indiligensque1 c4 ,tempestas venit1     
confringit tegulas1 imbricesque1        
,putrifacit aer operam fabri1 c4 ,dicam 
ut homines similes esse aedium          
arbitremini1 ,fabri parentes fundamentum
 substruunt liberorum1 ,expoliunt1      
docent literas1 nec parcunt sumptui1    
,ego autem sub fabrorum potestate frugi 
fui1 ,postquam autem migravi in ingenium
 meum1 ,perdidi operam fabrorum illico  
oppido1 ,venit ignavia1 ea mihi         
tempestas fuit1 ,adventuque suo         
grandinem et imbrem attulit1 ,illa mihi 
virtutem deturbavit1 c4  ,a young man is

 like a fair new house1 the carpenter   
leaves it well built1 in good repair1 of
 solid stuff2 but a bad tenant lets it  
rain in1 and for want of reparation1    
fall to decay1 c4 ,our parents1 tutors1 
friends1 spare no cost to bring us up in
 our youth1 in all manner of virtuous   
education2 but when we are left to      
ourselves1 idleness as a tempest drives 
all virtuous motions out of our minds1  
et nihili sumus1 on a sudden1 by sloth  
and such bad ways1 we come to nought4   
,cousin german to idleness1 and a       
concomitant cause1 which goes hand in   
hand with it1 is #aeehnimia solitudo1   
too much solitariness1 by the testimony 
of all physicians1 cause and symptom    
both2 but as it is here put for a cause1
 it is either coact1 enforced1 or else  
voluntary4 ,enforced solitariness is    
commonly seen in students1 monks1       
friars1 anchorites1 that by their order 
and course of life must abandon all     
company1 society of other men1 and      
betake themselves to a private cell3    

,otio superstitioso seclusi1 as ,bale   
and ,hospinian well term it1 such as are
 the ,carthusians of our time1 that eat 
no flesh 7by their order71 keep         
perpetual silence1 never go abroad4     
,such as live in prison1 or some desert 
place1 and cannot have company1 as many 
of our country gentlemen do in solitary 
houses1 they must either be alone       
without companions1 or live beyond their
 means1 and entertain all comers as so  
many hosts1 or else converse with their 
servants and hinds1 such as are unequal1
 inferior to them1 and of a contrary    
disposition3 or else as some do1 to     
avoid solitariness1 spend their time    
with lewd fellows in taverns1 and in    
alehouses1 and thence addict themselves 
to some unlawful disports1 or dissolute 
courses4 ,divers again are cast upon    
this rock of solitariness for want of   
means1 or out of a strong apprehension  
of some infirmity1 disgrace1 or through 
bashfulness1 rudeness1 simplicity1 they 
cannot apply themselves to others'      

company4 ,nullum solum infelici gratius 
solitudine1 ubi nullus sit qui miseriam 
exprobret2 this enforced solitariness   
takes place1 and produceth his effect   
soonest in such as have spent their time
 jovially1 peradventure in all honest   
recreations1 in good company1 in some   
great family or populous city1 and are  
upon a sudden confined to a desert      
country cottage far off1 restrained of  
their liberty1 and barred from their    
ordinary associates2 solitariness is    
very irksome to such1 most tedious1 and 
a sudden cause of great inconvenience4  
,voluntary solitariness is that which is
 familiar with melancholy1 and gently   
brings on like a ,siren1 a shoeing-horn1
 or some sphinx to this irrevocable     
gulf1 #aeei;a primary cause1 ,piso calls
 it2 most pleasant it is at first1 to   
such as are melancholy given1 to lie in 
bed whole days1 and keep their chambers1
 to walk alone in some solitary grove1  
betwixt wood and water1 by a brook side1
 to meditate upon some delightsome and  

pleasant subject1 which shall affect    
them most2 amabilis insania1 et mentis  
gratissimus error3 a most incomparable  
delight it is so to melancholise1 and   
build castles in the air1 to go smiling 
to themselves1 acting an infinite       
variety of parts1 which they suppose and
 strongly imagine they represent1 or    
that they see acted or done3 ,blandae   
quidem ab initio1 saith ,lemnius1 to    
conceive and meditate of such pleasant  
things1 sometimes1 #aefjpresent1 past1  
or to come1 as ,rhasis speaks4 ,so      
delightsome these toys are at first1    
they could spend whole days and nights  
without sleep1 even whole years alone in
 such contemplations1 and fantastical   
meditations1 which are like unto dreams1
 and they will hardly be drawn from     
them1 or willingly interrupt1 so        
pleasant their vain conceits are1 that  
they hinder their ordinary tasks and    
necessary business1 they cannot address 
themselves to them1 or almost to any    
study or employment1 these fantastical  

and bewitching thoughts so covertly1 so 
feelingly1 so urgently1 so continually  
set upon1 creep in1 insinuate1 possess1 
overcome1 distract1 and detain them1    
they cannot1 ,i say1 go about their more
 necessary business1 stave off or       
extricate themselves1 but are ever      
musing1 melancholising1 and carried     
along1 as he 7they say7 that is led     
round about a heath with a ,puck in the 
night1 they run earnestly on in this    
labyrinth of anxious and solicitous     
melancholy meditations1 and cannot well 
or willingly refrain1 or easily leave   
off1 winding and unwinding themselves1  
as so many clocks1 and still pleasing   
their humours1 until at last the scene  
is turned upon a sudden1 by some bad    
object1 and they being now habituated to
 such vain meditations and solitary     
places1 can endure no company1 can      
ruminate of nothing but harsh and       
distasteful subjects4 ,fear1 sorrow1    
suspicion1 subrusticus pudor1           
discontent1 cares1 and weariness of life

 surprise them in a moment1 and they can
 think of nothing else1 continually     
suspecting1 no sooner are their eyes    
open1 but this infernal plague of       
melancholy seizeth on them1 and         
terrifies their souls1 representing some
 dismal object to their minds1 which now
 by no means1 no labour1 no persuasions 
they can avoid1 haeret lateri lethalis  
arundo1 7the arrow of death still       
remains in the side71 they may not be   
rid of it1 #aefathey cannot resist4 ,i  
may not deny but that there is some     
profitable meditation1 contemplation1   
and kind of solitariness to be embraced1
 which the fathers so highly commended1 
#aefb ,hierom1 ,chrysostom1 ,cyprian1   
,austin1 in whole tracts1 which         
,petrarch1 ,erasmus1 ,stella1 and       
others1 so much magnify in their books2 
a paradise1 a heaven on earth1 if it be 
used aright1 good for the body1 and     
better for the soul3 as many of those   
old monks used it1 to divine            
contemplations1 as ,simulus1 a courtier 

in ,adrian's time1 ,diocletian the      
emperor1 retired themselves1 c41 in that
 sense1 ,vatia solus scit vivere1 ,vatia
 lives alone1 which the ,romans were    
wont to say1 when they commended a      
country life4 ,or to the bettering of   
their knowledge1 as ,democritus1        
,cleanthes1 and those excellent         
philosophers have ever done1 to         
sequester themselves from the tumultuous
 world1 or as in ,pliny's villa         
,laurentana1 ,tully's ,tusculan1        
,jovius' study1 that they might better  
vacare studiis et ,deo1 serve ,god1 and 
follow their studies4 ,methinks1        
therefore1 our too zealous innovators   
were not so well advised in that general
 subversion of abbeys and religious     
houses1 promiscuously to fling down all2
 they might have taken away those gross 
abuses crept in amongst them1 rectified 
such inconveniences1 and not so far to  
have raved and raged against those fair 
buildings1 and everlasting monuments of 
our forefathers' devotion1 consecrated  

to pious uses2 some monasteries and     
collegiate cells might have been well   
spared1 and their revenues otherwise    
employed1 here and there one1 in good   
towns or cities at least1 for men and   
women of all sorts and conditions to    
live in1 to sequester themselves from   
the cares and tumults of the world1 that
 were not desirous1 or fit to marry2 or 
otherwise willing to be troubled with   
common affairs1 and know not well where 
to bestow themselves1 to live apart in1 
for more conveniency1 good education1   
better company sake1 to follow their    
studies 7,i say71 to the perfection of  
arts and sciences1 common good1 and as  
some truly devoted monks of old had     
done1 freely and truly to serve ,god4   
,for these men are neither solitary1 nor
 idle1 as the poet made answer to the   
husbandman in ,aesop1 that objected     
idleness to him2 he was never so idle as
 in his company2 or that ,scipio        
,africanus in #aefc,tully1 ,nunquam     
minus solus1 quam cum solus2 nunquam    

minus otiosus1 quam quum esset otiosus2 
never less solitary1 than when he was   
alone1 never more busy1 than when he    
seemed to be most idle4 ,it is reported 
by ,plato in his dialogue de ,amore1 in 
that prodigious commendation of         
,socrates1 how a deep meditation coming 
into ,socrates' mind by chance1 he stood
 still musing1 eodem vestigio           
cogitabundus1 from morning to noon1 and 
when as then he had not yet finished his
 meditation1 perstabat cogitans1 he so  
continued till the evening1 the soldiers
 7for he then followed the camp7        
observed him with admiration1 and on set
 purpose watched all night1 but he      
persevered immovable ad exhortim solis1 
till the sun rose in the morning1 and   
then saluting the sun1 went his ways4   
,in what humour constant ,socrates did  
thus1 ,i know not1 or how he might be   
affected1 but this would be pernicious  
to another man2 what intricate business 
might so really possess him1 ,i cannot  
easily guess2 but this is otiosum otium1

 it is far otherwise with these men1    
according to ,seneca1 ,omnia nobis mala 
solitudo persuadet2 this solitude       
undoeth us1 pugnat cum vita sociali2    
'tis a destructive solitariness4 ,these 
men are devils alone1 as the saying is1 
,homo solus aut ,deus1 aut ,daemon3 a   
man alone1 is either a saint or a devil1
 mens ejus aut languescit1 aut tumescit2
 and #aefd,vae soli in this sense1 woe  
be to him that is so alone4 ,these      
wretches do frequently degenerate from  
men1 and of sociable creatures become   
beasts1 monsters1 inhumane1 ugly to     
behold1 ,misanthropi2 they do even      
loathe themselves1 and hate the company 
of men1 as so many ,timons1             
,nebuchadnezzars1 by too much indulging 
to these pleasing humours1 and through  
their own default4 ,so that which       
,mercurialis1 consil4 #aa1 sometimes    
expostulated with his melancholy        
patient1 may be justly applied to every 
solitary and idle person in particular4 
#aefe,natura de te videtur conqueri     

posse1 c4 ,nature may justly complain of
 thee1 that whereas she gave thee a good
 wholesome temperature1 a sound body1   
and ,god hath given thee so divine and  
excellent a soul1 so many good parts1   
and profitable gifts1 thou hast not only
 contemned and rejected1 but hast       
corrupted them1 polluted them1          
overthrown their temperature1 and       
perverted those gifts with riot1        
idleness1 solitariness1 and many other  
ways1 thou art a traitor to ,god and    
nature1 an enemy to thyself and to the  
world4 ,perditio tua ex te2 thou hast   
lost thyself wilfully1 cast away        
thyself1 thou thyself art the efficient 
cause of thine own misery1 by not       
resisting such vain cogitations1 but    
giving way unto them4  ,,subsect4       
,,vii4--,sleeping and ,waking1 ,causes4 
,what ,i have formerly said of exercise1
 ,i may now repeat of sleep4 ,nothing   
better than moderate sleep1 nothing     
worse than it1 if it be in extremes1 or 
unseasonably used4 ,it is a received    

opinion1 that a melancholy man cannot   
sleep overmuch2 ,somnus supra modum     
prodest1 as an only antidote1 and       
nothing offends them more1 or causeth   
this malady sooner1 than waking1 yet in 
some cases sleep may do more harm than  
good1 in that phlegmatic1 swinish1 cold1
 and sluggish melancholy which          
,melancthon speaks of1 that thinks of   
waters1 sighing most part1 c4 #aeff;,it 
dulls the spirits1 if overmuch1 and     
senses2 fills the head full of gross    
humours2 causeth distillations1 rheums1 
great store of excrements in the brain1 
and all the other parts1 as             
#aefg;,fuchsius speaks of them1 that    
sleep like so many dormice4 ,or if it be
 used in the daytime1 upon a full       
stomach1 the body ill-composed to rest1 
or after hard meats1 it increaseth      
fearful dreams1 incubus1 night walking1 
crying out1 and much unquietness2 such  
sleep prepares the body1 as #aefhone    
observes1 to many perilous diseases4    
,but1 as ,i have said1 waking overmuch1 

is both a symptom1 and an ordinary      
cause4 ,it causeth dryness of the brain1
 frenzy1 dotage1 and makes the body dry1
 lean1 hard1 and ugly to behold1 as     
#aefi,lemnius hath it4 ,the temperature 
of the brain is corrupted by it1 the    
humours adust1 the eyes made to sink    
into the head1 choler increased1 and the
 whole body inflamed3 and1 as may be    
added out of ,galen1 #c4 de sanitate    
tuendo1 ,avicenna #c4 #a4 #aegj;,it     
overthrows the natural heat1 it causeth 
crudities1 hurts1 concoction1 and what  
not8 ,not without good cause therefore  
,crato1 consil4 #ba4 lib4 #b2           
,hildesheim1 spicel4 #b4 de delir4 et   
,mania1 ,jacchinus1 ,arculanus on       
,rhasis1 ,guianerius and ,mercurialis1  
reckon up this overmuch waking as a     
principal cause4  ,,memb4 ,,iii4        
,,subsect4 ,i4--,passions and           
,perturbations of the ,mind1 how they   
cause ,melancholy4  ,as that            
gymnosophist in #aega,plutarch made     
answer to ,alexander 7demanding which   

spake best71 ,every one of his fellows  
did speak better than the other3 so may 
,i say of these causes2 to him that     
shall require which is the greatest1    
every one is more grievous than other1  
and this of passion the greatest of all4
 ,a most frequent and ordinary cause of 
melancholy1 #aegb fulmen perturbationum 
7,picolomineus calls it7 this thunder   
and lightning of perturbation1 which    
causeth such violent and speedy         
alterations in this our microcosm1 and  
many times subverts the good estate and 
temperature of it4 ,for as the body     
works upon the mind by his bad humours1 
troubling the spirits1 sending gross    
fumes into the brain1 and so per        
consequens disturbing the soul1 and all 
the faculties of it1 #aegc------;,corpus
 onustum1 ,hesternis vitiis animum      
quoque praegravat una1  with fear1      
sorrow1 c41 which are ordinary symptoms 
of this disease3 so on the other side1  
the mind most effectually works upon the
 body1 producing by his passions and    

perturbations miraculous alterations1 as
 melancholy1 despair1 cruel diseases1   
and sometimes death itself4 ,insomuch   
that it is most true which ,plato saith 
in his ,charmides1 omnia corporis mala  
ab anima procedere2 all the             
#aegdmischiefs of the body proceed from 
the soul3 and ,democritus in            
#aege,plutarch urgeth1 ,damnatam iri    
animam a corpore1 if the body should in 
this behalf bring an action against the 
soul1 surely the soul would be cast and 
convicted1 that by her supine negligence
 had caused such inconveniences1 having 
authority over the body1 and using it   
for an instrument1 as a smith doth his  
hammer 7saith #aegf;,cyprian71 imputing 
all those vices and maladies to the     
mind4 ,even so doth #aegg,philostratus1 
non coinquinatur corpus1 nisi           
consensuanimae2 the body is not         
corrupted1 but by the soul4 ,lodovicus  
,vives will have such turbulent         
commotions proceed from ignorance and   
indiscretion4 #aegh;,all philosophers   

impute the miseries of the body to the  
soul1 that should have governed it      
better1 by command of reason1 and hath  
not done it4 ,the ,stoics are altogether
 of opinion 7as #aegi,lipsius and       
#aehj,picolomineus record71 that a wise 
man should be 1 without all manner of   
passions and perturbations whatsoever1  
as #aeha,seneca reports of ,cato1 the   
#aehb ,greeks of ,socrates1 and         
#aehc;,io4 ,aubanus of a nation in      
,africa1 so free from passion1 or rather
 so stupid1 that if they be wounded with
 a sword1 they will only look back4     
#aehd,lactantius1 #b instit41 will      
exclude fear from a wise man3 others    
except all1 some the greatest passions4 
,but let them dispute how they will1 set
 down in ,thesi1 give precepts to the   
contrary2 we find that of #aehe,lemnius 
true by common experience2 ,no mortal   
man is free from these perturbations3 or
 if he be so1 sure he is either a god1  
or a block4 ,they are born and bred with
 us1 we have them from our parents by   

inheritance4 ,a parentibus habemus malum
 hunc assem1 saith #aehf,pelezius1      
,nascitur una nobiscum1 aliturque1 'tis 
propagated from ,adam1 ,cain was        
melancholy1 #aehg;as ,austin hath it1   
and who is not8 ,good discipline1       
education1 philosophy1 divinity 7,i     
cannot deny71 may mitigate and restrain 
these passions in some few men at some  
times1 but most part they domineer1 and 
are so violent1 #aehhthat as a torrent  
7torrens velut aggere rupto7 bears down 
all before1 and overflows his banks1    
sternit agros1 sternit sata1 7lays waste
 the fields1 prostrates the crops17 they
 overwhelm reason1 judgment1 and pervert
 the temperature of the body2 ,fertur   
#aehi equis auriga1 nec audit currus    
habenas4 ,now such a man 7saith         
#aeij;,austin7 that is so led1 in a wise
 man's eye1 is no better than he that   
stands upon his head4 ,it is doubted by 
some1 ,gravioresne morbi a              
perturbationibus1 an ab humoribus1      
whether humours or perturbations cause  

the more grievous maladies4 ,but we find
 that of our ,saviour1 ,mat4 xxvi4 #da1 
most true1 ,the spirit is willing1 the  
flesh is weak1 we cannot resist2 and    
this of #aeia,philo ,judeus1            
,perturbations often offend the body1   
and are most frequent causes of         
melancholy1 turning it out of the hinges
 of his health4 ,vives compares them to 
#aeib,winds upon the sea1 some only move
 as those great gales1 but others       
turbulent quite overturn the ship4      
,those which are light1 easy1 and more  
seldom1 to our thinking1 do us little   
harm1 and are therefore contemned of us3
 yet if they be reiterated1 #aeic;as the
 rain 7saith ,austin7 doth a stone1 so  
do these perturbations penetrate the    
mind3 #aeid;and 7as one observes7       
produce a habit of melancholy at the    
last1 which having gotten the mastery in
 our souls1 may well be called diseases4
 ,how these passions produce this       
effect1 #aeie;,agrippa hath handled at  
large1 ,occult4 ,philos4 l4 #aa4 c4 #fc4

 ,cardan1 l4 #ad4 subtil4 ,lemnius1 l4  
#a4 c4 #ab1 de occult4 nat4 mir4 et lib4
 #a4 cap4 #af4 ,suarez1 ,met4 disput4   
#ah4 sect4 #a4 art4 #be4 ,t4 ,bright1   
cap4 #ab4 of his ,melancholy ,treatise4 
,wright the ,jesuit1 in his ,book of the
 ,passions of the ,mind1 c4 ,thus in    
brief1 to our imagination cometh by the 
outward sense or memory1 some object to 
be known 7residing in the foremost part 
of the brain71 which he misconceiving or
 amplifying presently communicates to   
the heart1 the seat of all affections4  
,the pure spirits forthwith flock from  
the brain to the heart1 by certain      
secret channels1 and signify what good  
or bad object was presented2 #aeifwhich 
immediately bends itself to prosecute1  
or avoid it2 and withal1 draweth with it
 other humours to help it3 so in        
pleasure1 concur great store of purer   
spirits2 in sadness1 much melancholy    
blood2 in ire1 choler4 ,if the          
imagination be very apprehensive1       
intent1 and violent1 it sends great     

store of spirits to1 or from the heart1 
and makes a deeper impression1 and      
greater tumult1 as the humours in the   
body be likewise prepared1 and the      
temperature itself ill or well disposed1
 the passions are longer and stronger2  
so that the first step and fountain of  
all our grievances in this kind1 is     
#aeiglaesa imaginatio1 which            
misinforming the heart1 causeth all     
these distemperatures1 alteration and   
confusion of spirits and humours4 ,by   
means of which1 so disturbed1 concoction
 is hindered1 and the principal parts   
are much debilitated2 as #aeih;,dr4     
,navarra well declared1 being consulted 
by ,montanus about a melancholy ,jew4   
,the spirits so confounded1 the         
nourishment must needs be abated1 bad   
humours increased1 crudities and thick  
spirits engendered with melancholy      
blood4 ,the other parts cannot perform  
their functions1 having the spirits     
drawn from them by vehement passion1 but
 fail in sense and motion2 so we look   

upon a thing1 and see it not2 hear1 and 
observe not2 which otherwise would much 
affect us1 had we been free4 ,i may     
therefore conclude with #aeii;,arnoldus1
 ,maxima vis est phantasiae1 et huic uni
 fere1 non autem corporis intemperiei1  
omnis melancholiae causa est ascribenda3
 ,great is the force of imagination1 and
 much more ought the cause of melancholy
 to be ascribed to this alone1 than to  
the distemperature of the body4 ,of     
which imagination1 because it hath so   
great a stroke in producing this malady1
 and is so powerful of itself1 it will  
not be improper to my discourse1 to make
 a brief digression1 and speak of the   
force of it1 and how it causeth this    
alteration4 ,which manner of digression1
 howsoever some dislike1 as frivolous   
and impertinent1 yet ,i am of           
#afjj;,beroaldus's opinion1 ,such       
digressions do mightily delight and     
refresh a weary reader1 they are like   
sauce to a bad stomach1 and ,i do       
therefore most willingly use them4      

,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,of the ,force of     
,imagination4  ,what imagination is1 ,i 
have sufficiently declared in my        
digression of the anatomy of the soul4  
,i will only now point at the wonderful 
effects and power of it2 which1 as it is
 eminent in all1 so most especially it  
rageth in melancholy persons1 in keeping
 the species of objects so long1        
mistaking1 amplifying them by continual 
and #afjastrong meditation1 until at    
length it produceth in some parties real
 effects1 causeth this1 and many other  
maladies4 ,and although this phantasy of
 ours be a subordinate faculty to       
reason1 and should be ruled by it1 yet  
in many men1 through inward or outward  
distemperatures1 defect of organs1 which
 are unapt1 or otherwise contaminated1  
it is likewise unapt1 or hindered1 and  
hurt4 ,this we see verified in sleepers1
 which by reason of humours and         
concourse of vapours troubling the      
phantasy1 imagine many times absurd and 
prodigious things1 and in such as are   

troubled with incubus1 or witch-ridden  
7as we call it71 if they lie on their   
backs1 they suppose an old woman rides1 
and sits so hard upon them1 that they   
are almost stifled for want of breath2  
when there is nothing offends1 but a    
concourse of bad humours1 which trouble 
the phantasy4 ,this is likewise evident 
in such as walk in the night in their   
sleep1 and do strange feats3 #afjbthese 
vapours move the phantasy1 the phantasy 
the appetite1 which moving the animal   
spirits causeth the body to walk up and 
down as if they were awake4 ,fracast4 l4
 #c4 de intellect1 refers all ecstasies 
to this force of imagination1 such as   
lie whole days together in a trance3 as 
that priest whom #afjc;,celsus speaks   
of1 that could separate himself from his
 senses when he list1 and lie like a    
dead man1 void of life and sense4       
,cardan brags of himself1 that he could 
do as much1 and that when he list4 ,many
 times such men when they come to       
themselves1 tell strange things of      

heaven and hell1 what visions they have 
seen2 as that ,st4 ,owen1 in ,matthew   
,paris1 that went into ,st4 ,patrick's  
purgatory1 and the monk of ,evesham in  
the same author4 ,those common          
apparitions in ,bede and ,gregory1      
,saint ,bridget's revelations1 ,wier4 l4
 #c4 de lamiis1 c4 #aa4 ,caesar         
,vanninus1 in his ,dialogues1 c4        
reduceth 7as ,i have formerly said71    
with all those tales of witches'        
progresses1 dancing1 riding1            
transformations1 operations1 c4 to the  
force of #afjd imagination1 and the     
#afje;devil's illusions4 ,the like      
effects almost are to be seen in such as
 are awake3 how many chimeras1 antics1  
golden mountains and castles in the air 
do they build unto themselves8 ,i appeal
 to painters1 mechanicians1             
mathematicians4 ,some ascribe all vices 
to a false and corrupt imagination1     
anger1 revenge1 lust1 ambition1         
covetousness1 which prefers falsehood   
before that which is right and good1    

deluding the soul with false shows and  
suppositions4 #afjf;,bernardus ,penottus
 will have heresy and superstition to   
proceed from this fountain2 as he       
falsely imagineth1 so he believeth2 and 
as he conceiveth of it1 so it must be1  
and it shall be1 contra gentes1 he will 
have it so4 ,but most especially in     
passions and affections1 it shows       
strange and evident effects3 what will  
not a fearful man conceive in the dark8 
,what strange forms of bugbears1 devils1
 witches1 goblins8 ,lavater imputes the 
greatest cause of spectrums1 and the    
like apparitions1 to fear1 which above  
all other passions begets the strongest 
imagination 7saith #afjg,wierus71 and so
 likewise love1 sorrow1 joy1 c4 ,some   
die suddenly1 as she that saw her son   
come from the battle at ,cannae1 c4     
,jacob the patriarch1 by force of       
imagination1 made speckled lambs1 laying
 speckled rods before his sheep4        
,persina1 that ,ethiopian queen in      
,heliodorus1 by seeing the picture of   

,persius and ,andromeda1 instead of a   
blackamoor1 was brought to bed of a fair
 white child4 ,in imitation of whom     
belike1 a hard-favoured fellow in       
,greece1 because he and his wife were   
both deformed1 to get a good brood of   
children1 ,elegantissimas imagines in   
thalamo collocavit1 c4 hung the fairest 
pictures he could buy for money in his  
chamber1 ,that his wife by frequent     
sight of them1 might conceive and bear  
such children4 ,and if we may believe   
,bale1 one of ,pope ,nicholas the       
,third's concubines by seeing of #afjh;a
 bear was brought to bed of a monster4  
,if a woman 7saith #afji ,lemnius71 at  
the time of her conception think of     
another man present or absent1 the child
 will be like him4 ,great-bellied women1
 when they long1 yield us prodigious    
examples in this kind1 as moles1 warts1 
scars1 harelips1 monsters1 especially   
caused in their children by force of a  
depraved phantasy in them3 ,ipsam       
speciem quam animo effigiat1 faetui     

inducit3 ,she imprints that stamp upon  
her child which she #afaj;conceives unto
 herself4 ,and therefore ,lodovicus     
,vives1 lib4 #b4 de ,christ1 faem41     
gives a special caution to great-bellied
 women1 #afaathat they do not admit such
 absurd conceits and cogitations1 but by
 all means avoid those horrible objects1
 heard or seen1 or filthy spectacles4   
,some will laugh1 weep1 sigh1 groan1    
blush1 tremble1 sweat1 at such things as
 are suggested unto them by their       
imagination4 ,avicenna speaks of one    
that could cast himself into a palsy    
when he list2 and some can imitate the  
tunes of birds and beasts that they can 
hardly be discerned3 ,dagebertus' and   
,saint ,francis' scars and wounds1 like 
those of ,christ's 7if at the least any 
such were71 #afab;,agrippa supposeth to 
have happened by force of imagination3  
that some are turned to wolves1 from men
 to women1 and women again to men 7which
 is constantly believed7 to the same    
imagination2 or from men to asses1 dogs1

 or any other shapes4 #afac,wierus      
ascribes all those famous               
transformations to imagination2 that in 
hydrophobia they seem to see the picture
 of a dog1 still in their water1        
#afadthat melancholy men and sick men   
conceive so many fantastical visions1   
apparitions to themselves1 and have such
 absurd apparitions1 as that they are   
kings1 lords1 cocks1 bears1 apes1 owls2 
that they are heavy1 light1 transparent1
 great and little1 senseless and dead   
7as shall be showed more at large1 in   
our #afae sections of symptoms71 can be 
imputed to nought else1 but to a        
corrupt1 false1 and violent imagination4
 ,it works not in sick and melancholy   
men only1 but even most forcibly        
sometimes in such as are sound3 it makes
 them suddenly sick1 and #afaf;alters   
their temperature in an instant4 ,and   
sometimes a strong conceit or           
apprehension1 as #afag,valesius proves1 
will take away diseases3 in both kinds  
it will produce real effects4 ,men1 if  

they see but another man tremble1 giddy 
or sick of some fearful disease1 their  
apprehension and fear is so strong in   
this kind1 that they will have the same 
disease4 ,or if by some soothsayer1     
wiseman1 fortune-teller1 or physician1  
they be told they shall have such a     
disease1 they will so seriously         
apprehend it1 that they will instantly  
labour of it4 ,a thing familiar in      
,china 7saith ,riccius the ,jesuit71    
#afah;,if it be told them they shall be 
sick on such a day1 when that day comes 
they will surely be sick1 and will be so
 terribly afflicted1 that sometimes they
 die upon it4 ,dr4 ,cotta in his        
discovery of ignorant practitioners of  
physic1 cap4 #h1 hath two strange       
stories to this purpose1 what fancy is  
able to do4 ,the one of a parson's wife 
in ,northamptonshire1 ,an4 #afjg1 that  
coming to a physician1 and told by him  
that she was troubled with the sciatica1
 as he conjectured 7a disease she was   
free from71 the same night after her    

return1 upon his words1 fell into a     
grievous fit of a sciatica3 and such    
another example he hath of another good 
wife1 that was so troubled with the     
cramp1 after the same manner she came by
 it1 because her physician did but name 
it4 ,sometimes death itself is caused by
 force of phantasy4 ,i have heard of one
 that coming by chance in company of him
 that was thought to be sick of the     
plague 7which was not so7 fell down     
suddenly dead4 ,another was sick of the 
plague with conceit4 ,one seeing his    
fellow let blood falls down in a swoon4 
,another 7saith #afai;,cardan out of    
,aristotle71 fell down dead 7which is   
familiar to women at any ghastly sight71
 seeing but a man hanged4 ,a ,jew in    
,france 7saith #afbj,lodovicus ,vives71 
came by chance over a dangerous passage 
or plank1 that lay over a brook in the  
dark1 without harm1 the next day        
perceiving what danger he was in1 fell  
down dead4 ,many will not believe such  
stories to be true1 but laugh commonly1 

and deride when they hear of them2 but  
let these men consider with themselves1 
as #afba,peter ,byarus illustrates it1  
,if they were set to walk upon a plank  
on high1 they would be giddy1 upon which
 they dare securely walk upon the       
ground4 ,many 7saith ,agrippa71         
#afbbstrong-hearted men otherwise1      
tremble at such sights1 dazzle1 and are 
sick1 if they look but down from a high 
place1 and what moves them but conceit8 
,as some are so molested by phantasy2 so
 some again1 by fancy alone1 and a good 
conceit1 are as easily recovered4 ,we   
see commonly the toothache1 gout1       
falling-sickness1 biting of a mad dog1  
and many such maladies cured by spells1 
words1 characters1 and charms1 and many 
green wounds by that now so much used   
,unguentum ,armarium1 magnetically      
cured1 which ,crollius and ,goclenius in
 a book of late hath defended1 ,libavius
 in a just tract as stiffly contradicts1
 and most men controvert4 ,all the world
 knows there is no virtue in such charms

 or cures1 but a strong conceit and     
opinion alone1 as #afbc,pomponatius     
holds1 which forceth a motion of the    
humours1 spirits1 and blood1 which takes
 away the cause of the malady from the  
parts affected4 ,the like we may say of 
our magical effects1 superstitious      
cures1 and such as are done by          
mountebanks and wizards4 ,as by wicked  
incredulity many men are hurt 7so saith 
#afbd,wierus of charms1 spells1 c471 we 
find in our experience1 by the same     
means many are relieved4 ,an empiric    
oftentimes1 and a silly chirurgeon1 doth
 more strange cures than a rational     
physician4 ,nymannus gives a reason1    
because the patient puts his confidence 
in him1 #afbe which ,avicenna prefers   
before art1 precepts1 and all remedies  
whatsoever4 ',tis opinion alone 7saith  
#afbf;,cardan71 that makes or mars      
physicians1 and he doth the best cures1 
according to ,hippocrates1 in whom most 
trust4 ,so diversely doth this phantasy 
of ours affect1 turn1 and wind1 so      

imperiously command our bodies1 which as
 another #afbg,proteus1 or a chameleon1 
can take all shapes2 and is of such     
force 7as ,ficinus adds71 that it can   
work upon others1 as well as ourselves4 
,how can otherwise blear eyes in one man
 cause the like affection in another8   
,why doth one man's yawning #afbhmake   
another yawn8 ,one man's pissing provoke
 a second many times to do the like8    
,why doth scraping of trenchers offend a
 third1 or hacking of files8 ,why doth a
 carcass bleed when the murderer is     
brought before it1 some weeks after the 
murder hath been done8 ,why do witches  
and old women fascinate and bewitch     
children3 but as ,wierus1 ,paracelsus1  
,cardan1 ,mizaldus1 ,valleriola1 ,caesar
 ,vanninus1 ,campanella1 and many       
philosophers think1 the forcible        
imagination of the one party moves and  
alters the spirits of the other4 ,nay   
more1 they can cause and cure not only  
diseases1 maladies1 and several         
infirmities1 by this means1 as          

,avicenna1 de anim4 l4 #d4 sect4 #d1    
supposeth in parties remote1 but move   
bodies from their places1 cause thunder1
 lightning1 tempests1 which opinion     
,alkindus1 ,paracelsus1 and some others1
 approve of4 ,so that ,i may certainly  
conclude this strong conceit or         
imagination is astrum hominis1 and the  
rudder of this our ship1 which reason   
should steer1 but1 overborne by         
phantasy1 cannot manage1 and so suffers 
itself1 and this whole vessel of ours to
 be overruled1 and often overturned4    
,read more of this in ,wierus1 l4 #c4 de
 ,lamiis1 c4 #h1 #i1 #aj4 ,franciscus   
,valesius1 med4 controv4 l4 #e4 cont4   
#f4 ,marcellus ,donatus1 l4 #b4 c4 #a4  
de hist4 med4 mirabil4 ,levinus         
,lemnius1 de occult4 nat4 mir4 l4 #a4 c4
 #ab4 ,cardan1 l4 #ah4 de rerum var4    
,corn4 ,agrippa1 de occult4 plilos4 cap4
 #fd1 #fe4 ,camerarius1 #a cent4 cap4   
#ed4 horarum subcis4 ,nymannus1 morat4  
de ,imag4 ,laurentius1 and him that is  
instar omnium1 ,fienus1 a famous        

physician of ,antwerp1 that wrote three 
books de viribus imaginationis4 ,i have 
thus far digressed1 because this        
imagination is the medium deferens of   
passions1 by whose means they work and  
produce many times prodigious effects3  
and as the phantasy is more or less     
intended or remitted1 and their humours 
disposed1 so do perturbations move1 more
 or less1 and take deeper impression4   
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,division of         
,perturbations4  ,perturbations and     
passions1 which trouble the phantasy1   
though they dwell between the confines  
of sense and reason1 yet they rather    
follow sense than reason1 because they  
are drowned in corporeal organs of      
sense4 ,they are commonly #afbireduced  
into two inclinations1 irascible and    
concupiscible4 ,the ,thomists subdivide 
them into eleven1 six in the coveting1  
and five in the invading4 ,aristotle    
reduceth all to pleasure and pain1      
,plato to love and hatred1 #afcj,vives  
to good and bad4 ,if good1 it is        

present1 and then we absolutely joy and 
love2 or to come1 and then we desire and
 hope for it4 ,if evil1 we absolute hate
 it2 if present1 it is by sorrow2 if to 
come fear4 ,these four passions         
#afca;,bernard compares to the wheels of
 a chariot1 by which we are carried in  
this world4 ,all other passions are     
subordinate unto these four1 or six1 as 
some will3 love1 joy1 desire1 hatred1   
sorrow1 fear2 the rest1 as anger1 envy1 
emulation1 pride1 jealousy1 anxiety1    
mercy1 shame1 discontent1 despair1      
ambition1 avarice1 c41 are reducible    
unto the first2 and if they be          
immoderate1 they #afcb;consume the      
spirits1 and melancholy is especially   
caused by them4 ,some few discreet men  
there are1 that can govern themselves1  
and curb in these inordinate affections1
 by religion1 philosophy1 and such      
divine precepts1 of meekness1 patience1 
and the like2 but most part for want of 
government1 out of indiscretion1        
ignorance1 they suffer themselves wholly

 to be led by sense1 and are so far from
 repressing rebellious inclinations1    
that they give all encouragement unto   
them1 leaving the reins1 and using all  
provocations to further them3 bad by    
nature1 worse by art1 discipline1       
#afcc;custom1 education1 and a perverse 
will of their own1 they follow on1      
wheresoever their unbridled affections  
will transport them1 and do more out of 
custom1 self-will1 than out of reason4  
,contumax voluntas1 as ,melancthon calls
 it1 malum facit3 this stubborn will of 
ours perverts judgment1 which sees and  
knows what should and ought to be done1 
and yet will not do it4 ,mancipia gulae1
 slaves to their several lusts and      
appetite1 they precipitate and plunge   
#afcdthemselves into a labyrinth of     
cares1 blinded with lust1 blinded with  
ambition2 #afce,they seek that at ,god's
 hands which they may give unto         
themselves1 if they could but refrain   
from those cares and perturbations1     
wherewith they continually macerate     

their minds4 ,but giving way to these   
violent passions of fear1 grief1 shame1 
revenge1 hatred1 malice1 c41 they are   
torn in pieces1 as ,actaeon was with his
 dogs1 and #afcf;crucify their own      
souls4  ,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,sorrow a     
,cause of ,melancholy4  ,sorrow4        
,insanus dolor4 ,in this catalogue of   
passions1 which so much torment the soul
 of man1 and cause this malady1 7for ,i 
will briefly speak of them all1 and in  
their order17 the first place in this   
irascible appetite1 may justly be       
challenged by sorrow4 ,an inseparable   
companion1 #afcg,the mother and daughter
 of melancholy1 her epitome1 symptom1   
and chief cause3 as ,hippocrates hath   
it1 they beget one another1 and tread in
 a ring1 for sorrow is both cause and   
symptom of this disease4 ,how it is a   
symptom shall be shown in its place4    
,that it is a cause all the world       
acknowledgeth1 ,dolor nonnullis insaniae
 causa fuit1 et aliorum morborum        
insanabilium1 saith ,plutarch to        

,apollonius2 a cause of madness1 a cause
 of many other diseases1 a sole cause of
 this mischief1 #afch,lemnius calls it4 
,so doth ,rhasis1 cont4 l4 #a4 tract4   
#i4 ,guianerius1 ,tract4 #ae4 c4 #e1    
,and if it take root once1 it ends in   
despair1 as #afci;,felix ,plater        
observes1 and as in #afdj;,cebes' table1
 may well be coupled with it4           
#afda;,chrysostom1 in his seventeenth   
epistle to ,olympia1 describes it to be 
a cruel torture of the soul1 a most     
inexplicable grief1 poisoned worm1      
consuming body and soul1 and gnawing the
 very heart1 a perpetual executioner1   
continual night1 profound darkness1 a   
whirlwind1 a tempest1 an ague not       
appearing1 heating worse than any fire1 
and a battle that hath no end4 ,it      
crucifies worse than any tyrant2 no     
torture1 no strappado1 no bodily        
punishment is like unto it4 ',tis the   
eagle without question which the poets  
feigned to gnaw #afdb,prometheus' heart1
 and no heaviness is like unto the      

heaviness of the heart1 ,eccles4 xxv4   
#ae1 #af4 #afdc;,every perturbation is a
 misery1 but grief a cruel torment1 a   
domineering passion3 as in old ,rome1   
when the ,dictator was created1 all     
inferior magistracies ceased2 when grief
 appears1 all other passions vanish4 ,it
 dries up the bones1 saith ,solomon1    
cap4 #ag4 ,prov41 makes them            
hollow-eyed1 pale1 and lean1            
furrow-faced1 to have dead looks1       
wrinkled brows1 shrivelled cheeks1 dry  
bodies1 and quite perverts their        
temperature that are misaffected with   
it4 ,as ,eleonara1 that exiled mournful 
duchess 7in our #afdd;,english ,ovid71  
laments to her noble husband ,humphrey1 
,duke of ,gloucester1 ,sawest thou those
 eyes in whose sweet cheerful look ,duke
 ,humphrey once such joy and pleasure   
took1 ,sorrow hath so despoil'd me of   
all grace1 ,thou couldst not say this   
was my ,elnor's face4 ,like a foul      
,gorgon1 c4  #afde;,it hinders          
concoction1 refrigerates the heart1     

takes away stomach1 colour1 and sleep1  
thickens the blood1 7#afdf;,fernelius1  
l4 #a4 c4 #ah4 de morb4 causis17        
contaminates the spirits4 7#afdg,piso47 
,overthrows the natural heat1 perverts  
the good estate of body and mind1 and   
makes them weary of their lives1 cry    
out1 howl and roar for very anguish of  
their souls4 ,david confessed as much1  
,psalm xxxviii4 #h1 ,i have roared for  
the very disquietness of my heart4 ,and 
,psalm cxix4 #d1 part #d v4 ,my soul    
melteth away for very heaviness1 v4 #ch4
 ,i am like a bottle in the smoke4      
,antiochus complained that he could not 
sleep1 and that his heart fainted for   
grief1 #afdh;,christ himself1 vir       
dolorum1 out of an apprehension of      
grief1 did sweat blood1 ,mark xiv4 ,his 
soul was heavy to the death1 and no     
sorrow was like unto his4 ,crato1       
consil4 #bd4 l4 #b1 gives instance in   
one that was so melancholy by reason of 
#afdi;grief2 and ,montanus1 consil4 #cj1
 in a noble matron1 #afejthat had no    

other cause of this mischief4 ,i4 ,s4   
,d4 in ,hildesheim1 fully cured a       
patient of his that was much troubled   
with melancholy1 and for many years1    
#afea;but afterwards1 by a little       
occasion of sorrow1 he fell into his    
former fits1 and was tormented as       
before4 ,examples are common1 how it    
causeth melancholy1 #afeb;desperation1  
and sometimes death itself2 for         
7,eccles4 xxxviii4 #ae17 ,of heaviness  
comes death2 worldly sorrow causeth     
death4 #b ,cor4 vii4 #aj1 ,psalm xxxi4  
#aj1 ,my life is wasted with heaviness1 
and my years with mourning4 ,why was    
,hecuba said to be turned to a dog8     
,niobe into a stone8 but that for grief 
she was senseless and stupid4 ,severus  
the ,emperor #afec died for grief2 and  
how #afedmany myriads besides8 ,tanta   
illi est feritas1 tanta est insania     
luctus4 #afee,melancthon gives a reason 
of it1 #afefthe gathering of much       
melancholy blood about the heart1 which 
collection extinguisheth the good       

spirits1 or at least dulleth them1      
sorrow strikes the heart1 makes it      
tremble and pine away1 with great pain2 
and the black blood drawn from the      
spleen1 and diffused under the ribs1 on 
the left side1 makes those perilous     
hypochondriacal convulsions1 which      
happen to them that are troubled with   
sorrow4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,fear1 a       
,cause4  ,cousin german to sorrow1 is   
fear1 or rather a sister1 fidus         
,achates1 and continual companion1 an   
assistant and a principal agent in      
procuring of this mischief2 a cause and 
symptom as the other4 ,in a word1 as    
#afeg ,virgil of the ,harpies1 ,i may   
justly say of them both1 ,tristius haud 
illis monstrum1 nec saevior ulla ,pestis
 et ira ,deum stygiis sese extulit      
undis4  ,a sadder monster1 or more cruel
 plague so fell1 ,or vengeance of the   
gods1 ne'er came from ,styx or ,hell4   
,this foul fiend of fear was worshipped 
heretofore as a god by the              
,lacedaemonians1 and most of those other

 torturing #afeh;affections1 and so was 
sorrow amongst the rest1 under the name 
of ,angerona ,dea1 they stood in such   
awe of them1 as ,austin1 de ,civitat4   
,dei1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #h1 noteth out of   
,varro1 fear was commonly #afei;adored  
and painted in their temples with a     
lion's head2 and as ,macrobius records1 
l4 #aj4 ,saturnalium2 #affj;,in the     
calends of ,january1 ,angerona had her  
holy day1 to whom in the temple of      
,volupia1 or goddess of pleasure1 their 
augurs and bishops did yearly sacrifice2
 that1 being propitious to them1 she    
might expel all cares1 anguish1 and     
vexation of the mind for that year      
following4 ,many lamentable effects this
 fear causeth in men1 as to be red1     
pale1 tremble1 sweat1 #affa;it makes    
sudden cold and heat to come over all   
the body1 palpitation of the heart1     
syncope1 c4 ,it amazeth many men that   
are to speak1 or show themselves in     
public assemblies1 or before some great 
personages1 as ,tully confessed of      

himself1 that he trembled still at the  
beginning of his speech2 and            
,demosthenes1 that great orator of      
,greece1 before ,philippus4 ,it         
confounds voice and memory1 as ,lucian  
wittily brings in ,jupiter ,tragoedus1  
so much afraid of his auditory1 when he 
was to make a speech to the rest of the 
,gods1 that he could not utter a ready  
word1 but was compelled to use          
,mercury's help in prompting4 ,many men 
are so amazed and astonished with fear1 
they know not where they are1 what they 
say1 #affbwhat they do1 and that which  
is worst1 it tortures them many days    
before with continual affrights and     
suspicion4 ,it hinders most honourable  
attempts1 and makes their hearts ache1  
sad and heavy4 ,they that live in fear  
are never free1 #affcresolute1 secure1  
never merry1 but in continual pain3     
that1 as ,vives truly said1 ,nulla est  
miseria major quam metus1 no greater    
misery1 no rack1 nor torture like unto  
it1 ever suspicious1 anxious1           

solicitous1 they are childishly drooping
 without reason1 without judgment1      
#affd;especially if some terrible object
 be offered1 as ,plutarch hath it4 ,it  
causeth oftentimes sudden madness1 and  
almost all manner of diseases1 as ,i    
have sufficiently illustrated in my     
#affe digression of the force of        
imagination1 and shall do more at large 
in my section of #afffterrors4 ,fear    
makes our imagination conceive what it  
list1 invites the devil to come to us1  
as #affg;,agrippa and ,cardan avouch1   
and tyranniseth over our phantasy more  
than all other affections1 especially in
 the dark4 ,we see this verified in most
 men1 as #affh,lavater saith1 ,quae     
metuunt1 fingunt2 what they fear they   
conceive1 and feign unto themselves2    
they think they see goblins1 hags1      
devils1 and many times become melancholy
 thereby4 ,cardan1 subtil4 lib4 #ah1    
hath an example of such an one1 so      
caused to be melancholy 7by sight of a  
bugbear7 all his life after4 ,augustus  

,caesar durst not sit in the dark1 nisi 
aliquo assidente1 saith #affi,suetonius1
 ,nunquam tenebris exigilavit4 ,and 'tis
 strange what women and children will   
conceive unto themselves1 if they go    
over a churchyard in the night1 lie1 or 
be alone in a dark room1 how they sweat 
and tremble on a sudden4 ,many men are  
troubled with future events1            
foreknowledge of their fortunes1        
destinies1 as ,severus the ,emperor1    
,adrian and ,domitian1 ,quod sciret     
ultimum vitae diem1 saith ,suetonius1   
valde solicitus1 much tortured in mind  
because he foreknew his end2 with many  
such1 of which ,i shall speak more      
opportunely in another place4#afgj      
,anxiety1 mercy1 pity1 indignation1 c41 
and such fearful branches derived from  
these two stems of fear and sorrow1 ,i  
voluntarily omit2 read more of them in  
#afga;,carolus ,pascalius1              
#afgb;,dandinus1 c4  ,,subsect4         
,,vi4--,shame and ,disgrace1 ,causes4   
,shame and disgrace cause most violent  

passions and bitter pangs4 ,ob pudorem  
et dedecus publicum1 ob errorum         
commissum saepe moventur generosi animi 
7,felix ,plater1 lib4 #c4 de alienat    
mentis47 ,generous minds are often moved
 with shame1 to despair for some public 
disgrace4 ,and he1 saith ,philo1 lib4   
#b4 de provid4 dei1 #afgcthat subjects  
himself to fear1 grief1 ambition1 shame1
 is not happy1 but altogether miserable1
 tortured with continual labour1 care1  
and misery4 ,it is as forcible a        
batterer as any of the rest3 #afgd,many 
men neglect the tumults of the world1   
and care not for glory1 and yet they are
 afraid of infamy1 repulse1 disgrace1   
7,tul4 offic4 l4 #a17 they can severely 
contemn pleasure1 bear grief            
indifferently1 but they are quite       
#afge;battered and broken1 with reproach
 and obloquy3 7siquidem vita et fama    
pari passu ambulant7 and are so dejected
 many times for some public injury1     
disgrace1 as a box on the ear by their  
inferior1 to be overcome of their       

adversary1 foiled in the field1 to be   
out in a speech1 some foul fact         
committed or disclosed1 c4 that they    
dare not come abroad all their lives    
after1 but melancholise in corners1 and 
keep in holes4 ,the most generous       
spirits are most subject to it2         
,spiritus altos frangit et generosos3   
,hieronymus4 ,aristotle1 because he     
could not understand the motion of      
,euripus1 for grief and shame drowned   
himself3 ,caelius ,rodigimus antiquar4  
lec4 lib4 #bi4 cap4 #h4 ,homerus pudore 
consumptus1 was swallowed up with this  
passion of shame #afgf because he could 
not unfold the fisherman's riddle4      
,sophocles killed himself1 #afgg;for    
that a tragedy of his was hissed off the
 stage3 ,valer4 max4 lib4 #i4 cap4 #ab4 
,lucretia stabbed herself1 and so did   
#afgh;,cleopatra1 when she saw that she 
was reserved for a triumph1 to avoid the
 infamy4 ,antonius the ,roman1          
#afgi;after he was overcome of his      
enemy1 for three days' space sat        

solitary in the fore-part of the ship1  
abstaining from all company1 even of    
,cleopatra herself1 and afterwards for  
very shame butchered himself1 ,plutarch1
 vita ejus4 ,apollonius ,rhodius        
#afhjwilfully banished himself1         
forsaking his country1 and all his dear 
friends1 because he was out in reciting 
his poems1 ,plinius1 lib4 #g4 cap4 #bc4 
,ajax ran mad1 because his arms were    
adjudged to ,ulysses4 ,in ,china 'tis an
 ordinary thing for such as are excluded
 in those famous trials of theirs1 or   
should take degrees1 for shame and grief
 to lose their wits1 #afha,mat ,riccius 
expedit4 ad ,sinas1 l4 #c4 c4 #i4       
,hostratus the friar took that book     
which ,reuclin had writ against him1    
under the name of ,epist4 obscurorum    
virorum1 so to heart1 that for shame and
 grief he made away with himself1       
#afhb;,jovius in elogiis4 ,a grave and  
learned minister1 and an ordinary       
preacher at ,alcmar in ,holland1 was    
7one day as he walked in the fields for 

his recreation7 suddenly taken with a   
lax or looseness1 and thereupon         
compelled to retire to the next ditch2  
but being #afhcsurprised at unawares1 by
 some gentlewomen of his parish         
wandering that way1 was so abashed1 that
 he did never after show his head in    
public1 or come into the pulpit1 but    
pined away with melancholy3 7,pet4      
,forestus med4 observat4 lib4 #aj4      
observat4 #ab47 ,so shame amongst other 
passions can play his prize4 ,i know    
there be many base1 impudent1           
brazenfaced rogues1 that will #afhd     
,nulla pallescere culpa1 be moved with  
nothing1 take no infamy or disgrace to  
heart1 laugh at all2 let them be proved 
perjured1 stigmatised1 convict rogues1  
thieves1 traitors1 lose their ears1 be  
whipped1 branded1 carted1 pointed at1   
hissed1 reviled1 and derided with       
#afhe;,ballio the ,bawd in ,plautus1    
they rejoice at it1 ,cantores probos2   
babe and ,bombax1 what care they8 ,we   
have too many such in our times1        

------,exclamat ,melicerta perisse      
------,frontem de rebus4#afhf  ,yet a   
modest man1 one that hath grace1 a      
generous spirit1 tender of his          
reputation1 will be deeply wounded1 and 
so grievously affected with it1 that he 
had rather give myriads of crowns1 lose 
his life1 than suffer the least         
defamation of honour1 or blot in his    
good name4 ,and if so be that he cannot 
avoid it1 as a nightingale1 ,que        
cantando victa moritur1 7saith          
#afhg,mizaldus17 dies for shame if      
another bird sing better1 he languisheth
 and pineth away in the anguish of his  
spirit4  ,,subsect4 ,,vii4--,envy1      
,malice1 ,hatred1 ,causes4  ,envy and   
malice are two links of this chain1 and 
both1 as ,guianerius1 ,tract4 #ae4 cap4 
#b1 proves out of ,galen1 #c ,aphorism1 
com4 #bb1 #afhh cause this malady by    
themselves1 especially if their bodies  
be otherwise disposed to melancholy4    
',tis ,valescus de ,taranta1 and ,felix 
,platerus' observation1 #afhi;,envy so  

gnaws many men's hearts1 that they      
become altogether melancholy4 ,and      
therefore belike ,solomon1 ,prov4 xiv4  
#ac1 calls it1 the rotting of the bones1
 ,cyprian1 vulnus occultum2             
#afij------,siculi non invenere tyranni 
,majus tormentum------  ,the ,sicilian  
tyrants never invented the like torment4
 ,it crucifies their souls1 withers     
their bodies1 makes them hollow-eyed1   
#afiapale1 lean1 and ghastly to behold1 
,cyprian1 ser4 #b4 de zelo et livore4   
#afib;,as a moth gnaws a garment1 so1   
saith ,chrysostom1 doth envy consume a  
man2 to be a living anatomy3 a skeleton1
 to be a lean and #aficpale carcass1    
quickened with a #afid;fiend1 ,hall in  
,charact4 for so often as an envious    
wretch sees another man prosper1 to be  
enriched1 to thrive1 and be fortunate in
 the world1 to get honours1 offices1 or 
the like1 he repines and grieves4       
#afie------;intabescitque videndo       
,successus hominum--suppliciumque suum  
est4  ,he tortures himself if his equal1

 friend1 neighbour1 be preferred1       
commended1 do well2 if he understand of 
it1 it galls him afresh2 and no greater 
pain can come to him than to hear of    
another man's well-doing2 'tis a dagger 
at his heart every such object4 ,he     
looks at him as they that fell down in  
,lucian's rock of honour1 with an       
envious eye1 and will damage himself1 to
 do another a mischief3 ,atque cadet    
subito1 dum super hoste cadat4 ,as he   
did in ,aesop1 lose one eye willingly1  
that his fellow might lose both1 or that
 rich man in #afif,quintilian that      
poisoned the flowers in his garden1     
because his neighbour's bees should get 
no more honey from them4 ,his whole life
 is sorrow1 and every word he speaks a  
satire3 nothing fats him but other men's
 ruins4 ,for to speak in a word1 envy is
 nought else but ,tristitia de bonis    
alienis1 sorrow for other men's good1 be
 it present1 past1 or to come3 et       
gaudium de adversis1 and #afig;joy at   
their harms1 opposite to mercy1         

#afihwhich grieves at other men's       
mischances1 and misaffects the body in  
another kind2 so ,damascen defines it1  
lib4 #b4 de orthod4 fid4 ,thomas1 #b4   
#b4 quaest4 #cf4 art4 #a4 ,aristotle1 l4
 #b4 ,rhet4 c4 #d4 et #aj4 ,plato       
,philebo4 ,tully1 #c4 ,tusc4 ,greg4     
,nic4 l4 de virt4 animae1 c4 #ab4       
,basil1 de ,invidia4 ,pindarus ,od4 #a4 
ser4 #e1 and we find it true4 ',tis a   
common disease1 and almost natural to   
us1 as #afii,tacitus holds1 to envy     
another man's prosperity4 ,and 'tis in  
most men an incurable disease4 #agjj;,i 
have read1 saith ,marcus ,aurelius1     
,greek1 ,hebrew1 ,chaldee authors2 ,i   
have consulted with many wise men for a 
remedy for envy1 ,i could find none1 but
 to renounce all happiness1 and to be a 
wretch1 and miserable for ever4 ',tis   
the beginning of hell in this life1 and 
a passion not to be excused4            
#agja;,every other sin hath some        
pleasure annexed to it1 or will admit of
 an excuse2 envy alone wants both4      

,other sins last but for awhile2 the gut
 may be satisfied1 anger remits1 hatred 
hath an end1 envy never ceaseth4        
,cardan1 lib4 #b4 de sap4 ,divine and   
humane examples are very familiar2 you  
may run and read them1 as that of ,saul 
and ,david1 ,cain and ,abel1 angebat    
illum non proprium peccatum1 sed fratris
 prosperitas1 saith ,theodoret1 it was  
his brother's good fortune galled him4  
,rachel envied her sister1 being barren1
 ,gen4 xxx4 ,joseph's brethren him1     
,gen4 xxxvii4 ,david had a touch of this
 vice1 as he confesseth1 #agjb,psal4    
#cg4 #agjc;,jeremy and #agjd;,habakkuk1 
they repined at others' good1 but in the
 end they corrected themselves1 ,psal4  
#ge1 fret not thyself1 c4 ,domitian     
spited ,agricola for his worth1         
#agjethat a private man should be so    
much glorified4 #agjf;,cecinna was      
envied of his fellow-citizens1 because  
he was more richly adorned4 ,but of all 
others1 #agjgwomen are most weak1 ob    
pulchritudinem invidae sunt foeminae    

7,musaeus7 aut amat1 aut odit1 nihil est
 tertium 7,granatensis47 ,they love or  
hate1 no medium amongst them4           
,implacabiles plerumque laesae mulieres1
 ,agrippina like1 #agjh;,a woman1 if she
 see her neighbour more neat or elegant1
 richer in tires1 jewels1 or apparel1 is
 enraged1 and like a lioness sets upon  
her husband1 rails at her1 scoffs at    
her1 and cannot abide her2 so the ,roman
 ladies in ,tacitus did at ,solonina1   
,cecinna's wife1 #agji;because she had a
 better horse1 and better furniture1 as 
if she had hurt them with it2 they were 
much offended4 ,in like sort our        
gentlewomen do at their usual meetings1 
one repines or scoffs at another's      
bravery and happiness4 ,myrsine1 an     
,attic wench1 was murdered of her       
fellows1 #agaj because she did excel the
 rest in beauty1 ,constantine1          
,agricult4 l4 #aa4 c4 #g4 ,every village
 will yield such examples4  ,,subsect4  
,,viii4--,emulation1 ,hatred1 ,faction1 
,desire of ,revenge1 ,causes4  ,out of  

this root of envy #agaaspring those     
feral branches of faction1 hatred1      
livor1 emulation1 which cause the like  
grievances1 and are1 serrae animae1 the 
saws of the soul1 #agab;consternationis 
pleni affectus1 affections full of      
desperate amazement2 or as ,cyprian     
describes emulation1 it is #agac;a moth 
of the soul1 a consumption1 to make     
another man's happiness his misery1 to  
torture1 crucify1 and execute himself1  
to eat his own heart4 ,meat and drink   
can do such men no good1 they do always 
grieve1 sigh1 and groan1 day and night  
without intermission1 their breast is   
torn asunder3 and a little after1       
#agad,whomsoever he is whom thou dost   
emulate and envy1 he may avoid thee1 but
 thou canst neither avoid him nor       
thyself2 wheresoever thou art he is with
 thee1 thine enemy is ever in thy       
breast1 thy destruction is within thee1 
thou art a captive1 bound hand and foot1
 as long as thou art malicious and      
envious1 and canst not be comforted4 ,it

 was the devil's overthrow2 and         
whensoever thou art thoroughly affected 
with this passion1 it will be thine4    
,yet no perturbation so frequent1 no    
passion so common4 #agae      1       4 
,a potter emulates a potter3 ,one smith 
envies another3  ,a beggar emulates a   
beggar2 ,a singing man his brother4     
,every society1 corporation1 and private
 family is full of it1 it takes hold    
almost of all sorts of men1 from the    
prince to the ploughman1 even amongst   
gossips it is to be seen1 scarce three  
in a company but there is siding1       
faction1 emulation1 between two of them1
 some simultas1 jar1 private grudge1    
heart-burning in the midst of them4     
,scarce two gentlemen dwell together in 
the country1 7if they be not near kin or
 linked in marriage7 but there is       
emulation betwixt them and their        
servants1 some quarrel or some grudge   
betwixt their wives or children1 friends
 and followers1 some contention about   
wealth1 gentry1 precedency1 c41 by means

 of which1 like the frog in             
#agaf;,aesop1 that would swell till she 
was as big as an ox1 burst herself at   
last2 they will stretch beyond their    
fortunes1 callings1 and strive so long  
that they consume their substance in    
lawsuits1 or otherwise in hospitality1  
feasting1 fine clothes1 to get a few    
bombast titles1 for ambitiosa paupertate
 laboramus omnes1 to outbrave one       
another1 they will tire their bodies1   
macerate their souls1 and through       
contentions or mutual invitations beggar
 themselves4 ,scarce two great scholars 
in an age1 but with bitter invectives   
they fall foul one on the other1 and    
their adherents2 ,scotists1 ,thomists1  
,reals1 ,nominals1 ,plato and           
,aristotle1 ,galenists and              
,paracelsians1 c41 it holds in all      
professions4 ,honest #agag;emulation in 
studies1 in all callings is not to be   
disliked1 'tis ingeniorum cos1 as one   
calls it1 the whetstone of wit1 the     
nurse of wit and valour1 and those noble

 ,romans out of this spirit did brave   
exploits4 ,there is a modest ambition1  
as ,themistocles was roused up with the 
glory of ,miltiades2 ,achilles' trophies
 moved ,alexander1 #agah;,ambire semper 
stulta confidentia est1 ,ambire nunquam 
deses arrogantia est4  ',tis a sluggish 
humour not to emulate or to sue at all1 
to withdraw himself1 neglect1 refrain   
from such places1 honours1 offices1     
through sloth1 niggardliness1 fear1     
bashfulness1 or otherwise1 to which by  
his birth1 place1 fortunes1 education1  
he is called1 apt1 fit1 and well able to
 undergo2 but when it is immoderate1 it 
is a plague and a miserable pain4 ,what 
a deal of money did ,henry ,,viii4 and  
,francis ,i4 king of ,france1 spend at  
that #agai;famous interview8 and how    
many vain courtiers1 seeking each to    
outbrave other1 spent themselves1 their 
livelihood and fortunes1 and died       
beggars8 #agbj;,adrian the ,emperor was 
so galled with it1 that he killed all   
his equals2 so did ,nero4 ,this passion 

made #agba;,dionysius the tyrant banish 
,plato and ,philoxenus the poet1 because
 they did excel and eclipse his glory1  
as he thought2 the ,romans exile        
,coriolanus1 confine ,camillus1 murder  
,scipio2 the ,greeks by ostracism to    
expel ,aristides1 ,nicias1 ,alcibiades1 
imprison ,theseus1 make away ,phocion1  
c4 ,when ,richard ,i4 and ,philip of    
,france were fellow soldiers together1  
at the siege of ,acon in the ,holy      
,land1 and ,richard had approved himself
 to be the more valiant man1 insomuch   
that all men's eyes were upon him1 it so
 galled ,philip1 ,francum urebat ,regis 
victoria1 saith mine #agbb;author1 tam  
aegre ferebat ,richardi gloriam1 ut     
carpere dicta1 calumniari facta2 that he
 cavilled at all his proceedings1 and   
fell at length to open defiance2 he     
could contain no longer1 but hasting    
home1 invaded his territories1 and      
professed open war4 ,hatred stirs up    
contention1 ,prov4 x4 #ab1 and they     
break out at last into immortal enmity1 

into virulency1 and more than ,vatinian 
hate and rage2 #agbcthey persecute each 
other1 their friends1 followers1 and all
 their posterity1 with bitter taunts1   
hostile wars1 scurrile invectives1      
libels1 calumnies1 fire1 sword1 and the 
like1 and will not be reconciled4       
,witness that ,guelph and ,ghibelline   
faction in ,italy2 that of the ,adurni  
and ,fregosi in ,genoa2 that of ,cneius 
,papirius1 and ,quintus ,fabius in      
,rome2 ,caesar and ,pompey2 ,orleans and
 ,burgundy in ,france2 ,york and        
,lancaster in ,england3 yea1 this       
passion so rageth#agbdmany times1 that  
it subverts not men only1 and families1 
but even populous cities4               
#agbe;,carthage and ,corinth can witness
 as much1 nay1 flourishing kingdoms are 
brought into a wilderness by it4 ,this  
hatred1 malice1 faction1 and desire of  
revenge1 invented first all those racks 
and wheels1 strappadoes1 brazen bulls1  
feral engines1 prisons1 inquisitions1   
severe laws to macerate and torment one 

another4 ,how happy might we be1 and end
 our time with blessed days and sweet   
content1 if we could contain ourselves1 
and1 as we ought to do1 put up injuries1
 learn humility1 meekness1 patience1    
forget and forgive1 as in #agbf;,god's  
word we are enjoined1 compose such final
 controversies amongst ourselves1       
moderate our passions in this kind1 and 
think better of others1 as #agbg,paul   
would have us1 than of ourselves3 be of 
like affection one towards another1 and 
not avenge ourselves1 but have peace    
with all men4 ,but being that we are so 
peevish and perverse1 insolent and      
proud1 so factious and seditious1 so    
malicious and envious2 we do invicem    
angariare1 maul and vex one another1    
torture1 disquiet1 and precipitate      
ourselves into that gulf of woes and    
cares1 aggravate our misery and         
melancholy1 heap upon us hell and       
eternal damnation4  ,,subsect4          
,,ix4--,anger1 a ,cause4  ,anger1 a     
perturbation1 which carries the spirits 

outwards1 preparing the body to         
melancholy1 and madness itself3 ,ira    
furor brevis est1 anger is temporary    
madness2 and as #agbh,picolomineus      
accounts it1 one of the three most      
violent passions4 #agbi;,areteus sets it
 down for an especial cause 7so doth    
,seneca1 ep4 #ah4 l4 #a17 of this       
malady4 #agcj,magninus gives the reason1
 ,ex frequenti ira supra modum          
calefiunt2 it overheats their bodies1   
and if it be too frequent1 it breaks out
 into manifest madness1 saith ,st4      
,ambrose4 ',tis a known saying1 ,furor  
fit ,iaesa saepius palienlia1 the most  
patient spirit that is1 if he be often  
provoked1 will be incensed to madness2  
it will make a devil of a saint3 and    
therefore ,basil 7belike7 in his ,homily
 de ,ira1 calls it tenebras rationis1   
morbum animae1 et daemonem pessimum2 the
 darkening of our understanding1 and a  
bad angel4 #agca,lucian1 in ,abdicato1  
tom4 #a1 will have this passion to work 
this effect1 especially in old men and  

women4 ,anger and calumny 7saith he7    
trouble them at first1 and after a while
 break out into madness3 many things    
cause fury in women1 especially if they 
love or hate overmuch1 or envy1 be much 
grieved or angry2 these things by little
 and little lead them on to this malady4
 ,from a disposition they proceed to an 
habit1 for there is no difference       
between a mad man1 and an angry man1 in 
the time of his fit2 anger1 as          
,lactantius describes it1 ,l4 de ,ira   
,dei1 ad ,donatum1 c4 #e1 is #agcbsaeva 
animi tempestas1 c41 a cruel tempest of 
the mind2 making his eye sparkle fire1  
and stare1 teeth gnash in his head1 his 
tongue stutter1 his face pale1 or red1  
and what more filthy imitation can be of
 a mad man8 #agcc,ora tument ira1       
fervescunt sanguine venae1 ,lumina      
,gorgonio saevius angue micant4  ,they  
are void of reason1 inexorable1 blind1  
like beasts and monsters for the time1  
say and do they know not what1 curse1   
swear1 rail1 fight1 and what not8 ,how  

can a mad man do more8 as he said in the
 comedy1 #agcd ,iracundia non sum apud  
me1 ,i am not mine own man4 ,if these   
fits be immoderate1 continue long1 or be
 frequent1 without doubt they provoke   
madness4 ,montanus1 consil4 #ba1 had a  
melancholy ,jew to his patient1 he      
ascribes this for a principal cause3    
,irascebatur levibus de causis1 he was  
easily moved to anger4 ,ajax had no     
other beginning of his madness2 and     
,charles the ,sixth1 that lunatic       
,french king1 fell into this misery1 out
 of the extremity of his passion1 desire
 of revenge and malice1 #agce;incensed  
against the duke of ,britain1 he could  
neither eat1 drink1 nor sleep for some  
days together1 and in the end1 about the
 calends of ,july1 #acib1 he became mad 
upon his horseback1 drawing his sword1  
striking such as came near him          
promiscuously1 and so continued all the 
days of his life1 ,aemil41 lib4 #aj4    
,gal4 hist4 ,aegesippus de exid4 urbis  
,hieros1 l4 #a4 c4 #cg1 hath such a     

story of ,herod1 that out of an angry   
fit1 became mad1 #agcfleaping out of his
 bed1 he killed ,jossippus1 and played  
many such bedlam pranks1 the whole court
 could not rule him for a long time     
after3 sometimes he was sorry and       
repented1 much grieved for that he had  
done1 ,postquam deferbuit ira1 by and by
 outrageous again4 ,in hot choleric     
bodies1 nothing so soon causeth madness1
 as this passion of anger1 besides many 
other diseases1 as ,pelesius observes1  
cap4 #ba4 l4 #a4 de hum4 affect4 causis2
 ,sanguinem imminuit1 fel auget3 and as 
#agcg,valesius controverts1 ,med4       
controv41 lib4 #e4 contro4 #h1 many     
times kills them quite out4 ,if this    
were the worst of this passion1 it were 
more tolerable1 #agch;but it ruins and  
subverts whole towns1 #agci;cities1     
families1 and kingdoms2 ,nulla pestis   
humano generi pluris stetit1 saith      
,seneca1 de ,ira1 lib4 #a4 ,no plague   
hath done mankind so much harm4 ,look   
into our histories1 and you shall almost

 meet with no other subject1 but what a 
company #agdjof harebrains have done in 
their rage4 ,we may do well therefore to
 put this in our procession amongst the 
rest2 ,from all blindness of heart1 from
 pride1 vainglory1 and hypocrisy1 from  
envy1 hatred and malice1 anger1 and all 
such pestiferous perturbations1 good    
,lord deliver us4  ,,subsect4           
,x4--,discontents1 ,cares1 ,miseries1 c4
 ,causes4  ,discontents1 cares1 crosses1
 miseries1 or whatsoever it is1 that    
shall cause any molestation of spirits1 
grief1 anguish1 and perplexity1 may well
 be reduced to this head1               
7preposterously placed here in some     
men's judgments they may seem17 yet in  
that ,aristotle in his #agda,rhetoric   
defines these cares1 as he doth envy1   
emulation1 c4 still by grief1 ,i think  
,i may well rank them in this irascible 
row2 being that they are as the rest1   
both causes and symptoms of this        
disease1 producing the like             
inconveniences1 and are most part       

accompanied with anguish and pain4 ,the 
common etymology will evince it1 ,cura  
quasi cor uro1 ,dementes curae1 insomnes
 curae1 damnosae curae1 tristes1        
mordaces1 carnifices1 c4 biting1 eating1
 gnawing1 cruel1 bitter1 sick1 sad1     
unquiet1 pale1 tetric1 miserable1       
intolerable cares1 as the poets         
#agdb;call them1 worldly cares1 and are 
as many in number as the sea sands4     
#agdc;,galen1 ,fernelius1 ,felix        
,plater1 ,valescus de ,taranta1 c41     
reckon afflictions1 miseries1 even all  
these contentions1 and vexations of the 
mind1 as principal causes1 in that they 
take away sleep1 hinder concoction1 dry 
up the body1 and consume the substance  
of it4 ,they are not so many in number1 
but their causes be as divers1 and not  
one of a thousand free from them1 or    
that can vindicate himself1 whom that   
,ate dea1 #agdd,per hominum capita      
molliter ambulans1 ,plantas pedum       
teneras habens3  ,over men's heads      
walking aloft1 ,with tender feet        

treading so soft1  ,homer's ,goddess    
,ate hath not involved into this        
discontented #agderank1 or plagued with 
some misery or other4 ,hyginus1 fab4    
#bbj1 to this purpose hath a pleasant   
tale4 ,dame ,cura by chance went over a 
brook1 and taking up some of the dirty  
slime1 made an image of it2 ,jupiter    
eftsoons coming by1 put life to it1 but 
,cura and ,jupiter could not agree what 
name to give him1 or who should own him2
 the matter was referred to ,saturn as  
judge2 he gave this arbitrement3 his    
name shall be ,homo ab humo1 ,cura eum  
possideat quamdiu vivat1 ,care shall    
have him whilst he lives1 ,jupiter his  
soul1 and ,tellus his body when he dies4
 ,but to leave tales4 ,a general cause1 
a continuate cause1 an inseparable      
accident1 to all men1 is discontent1    
care1 misery2 were there no other       
particular affliction 7which who is free
 from87 to molest a man in this life1   
the very cogitation of that common      
misery were enough to macerate1 and make

 him weary of his life2 to think that he
 can never be secure1 but still in      
danger1 sorrow1 grief1 and persecution4 
,for to begin at the hour of his birth1 
as #agdf,pliny doth elegantly describe  
it1 he is born naked1 and falls #agdg;a 
whining at the very first3 he is        
swaddled1 and bound up like a prisoner1 
cannot help himself1 and so he continues
 to his life's end4 ,cujusque ferae     
pabulum1 saith #agdh,seneca1 impatient  
of heat and cold1 impatient of labour1  
impatient of idleness1 exposed to       
fortune's contumelies4 ,to a naked      
mariner ,lucretius compares him1 cast on
 shore by shipwreck1 cold and           
comfortless in an unknown land3 #agdino 
estate1 age1 sex1 can secure himself    
from this common misery4 ,a man that is 
born of a woman is of short continuance1
 and full of trouble1 ,job xiv4 #a1 #bb4
 ,and while his flesh is upon him he    
shall be sorrowful1 and while his soul  
is in him it shall mourn4 ,all his days 
are sorrow and his travels griefs3 his  

heart also taketh not rest in the night4
 ,eccles4 ii4 #bc1 and ii4 #aa4 ,all    
that is in it is sorrow and vexation of 
spirit4 #agej;,ingress1 progress1       
regress1 egress1 much alike3 blindness  
seizeth on us in the beginning1 labour  
in the middle1 grief in the end1 error  
in all4 ,what day ariseth to us without 
some grief1 care1 or anguish8 ,or what  
so secure and pleasing a morning have we
 seen1 that hath not been overcast      
before the evening8 ,one is miserable1  
another ridiculous1 a third odious4 ,one
 complains of this grievance1 another of
 that4 ,aliquando nervi1 aliquando pedes
 vexant1 7,seneca7 nunc distillatio1    
nunc epatis morbus2 nunc deest1 nunc    
superest sanguis3 now the head aches1   
then the feet1 now the lungs1 then the  
liver1 c4 ,huic sensus exuberat1 sed est
 pudori degener sanguis1 c4 ,he is rich1
 but base born2 he is noble1 but poor2 a
 third hath means1 but he wants health  
peradventure1 or wit to manage his      
estate2 children vex one1 wife a second1

 c4 ,nemo facile cum conditione sua     
concordat1 no man is pleased with his   
fortune1 a pound of sorrow is familiarly
 mixed with a dram of content1 little or
 no joy1 little comfort1 but            
#agea;everywhere danger1 contention1    
anxiety1 in all places3 go where thou   
wilt1 and thou shalt find discontents1  
cares1 woes1 complaints1 sickness1      
diseases1 encumbrances1 exclamations3   
,if thou look into the market1 there    
7saith #ageb ,chrysostom7 is brawling   
and contention2 if to the court1 there  
knavery and flattery1 c42 if to a       
private man's house1 there's cark and   
care1 heaviness1 c4 ,as he said of old1 
#agec,nil homine in terra spirat miserum
 magis alma8  ,no creature so miserable 
as man1 so generally molested1 #aged;in 
miseries of body1 in miseries of mind1  
miseries of heart1 in miseries asleep1  
in miseries awake1 in miseries          
wheresoever he turns1 as ,bernard found1
 ,nunquid tentatio est vita humana super
 terram8 ,a mere temptation is our life1

 7,austin1 confess4 lib4 #aj4 cap4 #bh17
 catena perpetuorum malorum1 et quis    
potest molestias et difficultates pati8 
,who can endure the miseries of it8     
#agee;,in prosperity we are insolent and
 intolerable1 dejected in adversity1 in 
all fortunes foolish and miserable4     
#agef;,in adversity ,i wish for         
prosperity1 and in prosperity ,i am     
afraid of adversity4 ,what mediocrity   
may be found8 ,where is no temptation8  
,what condition of life is free8        
#ageg,wisdom hath labour annexed to it1 
glory1 envy2 riches and cares1 children 
and encumbrances1 pleasure and diseases1
 rest and beggary1 go together3 as if a 
man were therefore born 7as the         
,platonists hold7 to be punished in this
 life for some precedent sins4 ,or that1
 as #ageh,pliny complains1 ,nature may  
be rather accounted a stepmother1 than a
 mother unto us1 all things considered3 
no creature's life so brittle1 so full  
of fear1 so mad1 so furious2 only man is
 plagued with envy1 discontent1 griefs1 

covetousness1 ambition1 superstition4   
,our whole life is an ,irish sea1       
wherein there is nought to be expected  
but tempestuous storms and troublesome  
waves1 and those infinite1 #agei,tantum 
malorum pelagus aspicio1 ,ut non sit    
inde enatandi copia1  no halcyonian     
times1 wherein a man can hold himself   
secure1 or agree with his present       
estate2 but as ,boethius infers1        
#agfjthere is something in every one of 
us which before trial we seek1 and      
having tried abhor3 #agfa we earnestly  
wish1 and eagerly covet1 and are        
eftsoons weary of it4 ,thus between hope
 and fear1 suspicions1 angers1          
#agfb;,inter spemque metumque1 timores  
inter et iras1 betwixt falling in1      
falling out1 c41 we bangle away our best
 days1 befool out our times1 we lead a  
contentious1 discontent1 tumultuous1    
melancholy1 miserable life2 insomuch1   
that if we could foretell what was to   
come1 and it put to our choice1 we      
should rather refuse than accept of this

 painful life4 ,in a word1 the world    
itself is a maze1 a labyrinth of errors1
 a desert1 a wilderness1 a den of       
thieves1 cheaters1 c41 full of filthy   
puddles1 horrid rocks1 precipitiums1 an 
ocean of adversity1 an heavy yoke1      
wherein infirmities and calamities      
overtake1 and follow one another1 as the
 sea waves2 and if we scape ,scylla1 we 
fall foul on ,charybdis1 and so in      
perpetual fear1 labour1 anguish1 we run 
from one plague1 one mischief1 one      
burden to another1 duram servientes     
servitutem1 and you may as soon separate
 weight from lead1 heat from fire1      
moistness from water1 brightness from   
the sun1 as misery1 discontent1 care1   
calamity1 danger1 from a man4 ,our towns
 and cities are but so many dwellings of
 human misery4 ,in which grief and      
sorrow 7#agfc;as he right well observes 
out of ,solon7 innumerable troubles1    
labours of mortal men1 and all manner of
 vices1 are included1 as in so many     
pens4 ,our villages are like molehills1 

and men as so many emmets1 busy1 busy   
still1 going to and fro1 in and out1 and
 crossing one another's projects1 as the
 lines of several sea-cards cut each    
other in a globe or map4 ,now light and 
merry1 but 7#agfd;as one follows it7    
by-and-by sorrowful and heavy2 now      
hoping1 then distrusting2 now patient1  
tomorrow crying out2 now pale1 then red2
 running1 sitting1 sweating1 trembling1 
halting1 c4 ,some few amongst the rest1 
or perhaps one of a thousand1 may be    
,pullus ,jovis1 in the world's esteem1  
,gallinae filius albae1 an happy and    
fortunate man1 ad invidiam felix1       
because rich1 fair1 well allied1 in     
honour and office2 yet peradventure ask 
himself1 and he will say1 that of all   
others #agfe;he is most miserable and   
unhappy4 ,a fair shoe1 ,hic soccus      
novus1 elegans1 as he #agffsaid1 sed    
nescis ubi urat1 but thou knowest not   
where it pincheth4 ,it is not another   
man's opinion can make me happy3 but as 
#agfg,seneca well hath it1 ,he is a     

miserable wretch that doth not account  
himself happy1 though he be sovereign   
lord of a world3 he is not happy1 if he 
think himself not to be so2 for what    
availeth it what thine estate is1 or    
seem to others1 if thou thyself dislike 
it8 ,a common humour it is of all men to
 think well of other men's fortunes1 and
 dislike their own3 #agfh;,cui placet   
alterius1 sua nimirum est odio sors2 but
 #agfiqui fit ,mecoenas1 c41 how comes  
it to pass1 what's the cause of it8     
,many men are of such a perverse nature1
 they are well pleased with nothing1    
7saith #aggj ,theodoret17 neither with  
riches nor poverty1 they complain when  
they are well and when they are sick1   
grumble at all fortunes1 prosperity and 
adversity2 they are troubled in a cheap 
year1 in a barren1 plenty or not plenty1
 nothing pleaseth them1 war nor peace1  
with children1 nor without4 ,this for   
the most part is the humour of us all1  
to be discontent1 miserable1 and most   
unhappy1 as we think at least2 and show 

me him that is not so1 or that ever was 
otherwise4 ,quintus ,metellus his       
felicity is infinitely admired amongst  
the ,romans1 insomuch that as           
#agga,paterculus mentioneth of him1 you 
can scarce find of any nation1 order1   
age1 sex1 one for happiness to be       
compared unto him3 he had1 in a word1   
,bona animi1 corporis et fortunae1 goods
 of mind1 body1 and fortune1 so had ,p4 
,mutianus1 #aggb;,crassus4 ,lampsaca1   
that ,lacedaemonian lady1 was such      
another in #aggc,pliny's conceit1 a     
king's wife1 a king's mother1 a king's  
daughter3 and all the world esteemed as 
much of ,polycrates of ,samos4 ,the     
,greeks brag of their ,socrates1        
,phocion1 ,aristides2 the ,psophidians  
in particular of their ,aglaus1 ,omni   
vita felix1 ab omni periculo immunis    
7which by the way ,pausanias held       
impossible27 the ,romans of their #aggd 
,cato1 ,curius1 ,fabricius1 for their   
composed fortunes1 and retired estates1 
government of passions1 and contempt of 

the world3 yet none of all these were   
happy1 or free from discontent1 neither 
,metellus1 ,crassus1 nor ,polycrates1   
for he died a violent death1 and so did 
,cato2 and how much evil doth           
,lactantius and ,theodoret speak of     
,socrates1 a weak man1 and so of the    
rest4 ,there is no content in this life1
 but as #agge;he said1 ,all is vanity   
and vexation of spirit2 lame and        
imperfect4 ,hadst thou ,sampson's hair1 
,milo's strength1 ,scanderbeg's arm1    
,solomon's wisdom1 ,absalom's beauty1   
,croesus' wealth1 ,pasetis obulum1      
,caesar's valour1 ,alexander's spirit1  
,tully's or ,demosthenes' eloquence1    
,gyges' ring1 ,perseus' ,pegasus1 and   
,gorgon's head1 ,nestor's years to come1
 all this would not make thee absolute2 
give thee content1 and true happiness in
 this life1 or so continue it4 ,even in 
the midst of all our mirth1 jollity1 and
 laughter1 is sorrow and grief1 or if   
there be true happiness amongst us1 'tis
 but for a time1 #aggf;,desinat in      

piscem mulier formosa superne3  ,a      
handsome woman with a fish's tail1  a   
fair morning turns to a lowering        
afternoon4 ,brutus and ,cassius1 once   
renowned1 both eminently happy1 yet you 
shall scarce find two 7saith            
,paterculus7 quos fortuna maturius      
destiturit1 whom fortune sooner forsook4
 ,hannibal1 a conqueror all his life1   
met with his match1 and was subdued at  
last1 ,occurrit forti1 qui mage fortis  
erit4 ,one is brought in triumph1 as    
,caesar into ,rome1 ,alcibiades into    
,athens1 coronis aureis donatus1        
crowned1 honoured1 admired2 by-and-by   
his statues demolished1 he hissed out1  
massacred1 c4 #aggg,magnus ,gonsalva1   
that famous ,spaniard1 was of the prince
 and people at first honoured1 approved2
 forthwith confined and banished4       
,admirandas actiones2 graves plerunque  
sequuntur invidiae1 et acres calumniae3 
'tis ,polybius his observation1 grievous
 enmities1 and bitter calumnies1        
commonly follow renowned actions4 ,one  

is born rich1 dies a beggar2 sound      
today1 sick tomorrow2 now in most       
flourishing estate1 fortunate and happy1
 by-and-by deprived of his goods by     
foreign enemies1 robbed by thieves1     
spoiled1 captivated1 impoverished1 as   
they of #aggh,rabbah put under iron     
saws1 and under iron harrows1 and under 
axes of iron1 and cast into the tile    
kiln1 #aggi,quid me felicem toties      
jactastis amici1 ,qui cecidit1 stabili  
non erat ille gradu4  ,he that erst     
marched like ,xerxes with innumerable   
armies1 as rich as ,croesus1 now shifts 
for himself in a poor cock-boat1 is     
bound in iron chains1 with ,bajazet the 
,turk1 and a footstool with ,aurelian1  
for a tyrannising conqueror to trample  
on4 ,so many casualties there are1 that 
as ,seneca said of a city consumed with 
fire1 ,una dies interest inter maximum  
civitatem et nullam1 one day betwixt a  
great city and none3 so many grievances 
from outward accidents1 and from        
ourselves1 our own indiscretion1        

inordinate appetite1 one day betwixt a  
man and no man4 ,and which is worse1 as 
if discontents and miseries would not   
come fast enough upon us3 homo homini   
daemon1 we maul1 persecute1 and study   
how to sting1 gall1 and vex one another 
with mutual hatred1 abuses1 injuries2   
preying upon and devouring as so many1  
#aghjravenous birds2 and as jugglers1   
panders1 bawds1 cozening one another2 or
 raging as #aghawolves1 tigers1 and     
devils1 we take a delight to torment one
 another2 men are evil1 wicked1         
malicious1 treacherous1 and #aghbnaught1
 not loving one another1 or loving      
themselves1 not hospitable1 charitable1 
nor sociable as they ought to be1 but   
counterfeit1 dissemblers1 ambidexters1  
all for their own ends1 hard-hearted1   
merciless1 pitiless1 and to benefit     
themselves1 they care not what mischief 
they procure to others4 #aghc,praxinoe  
and ,gorgo in the poet1 when they had   
got in to see those costly sights1 they 
then cried bene est1 and would thrust   

out all the rest3 when they are rich    
themselves1 in honour1 preferred1 full1 
and have even that they would1 they     
debar others of those pleasures which   
youth requires1 and they formerly have  
enjoyed4 ,he sits at table in a soft    
chair at ease1 but he doth remember in  
the mean time that a tired waiter stands
 behind him1 an hungry fellow ministers 
to him full1 he is athirst that gives   
him drink 7saith #aghd;,epictetus7 and  
is silent whilst he speaks his pleasure3
 pensive1 sad1 when he laughs4 ,pleno se
 proluit auro3 he feasts1 revels1 and   
profusely spends1 hath variety of robes1
 sweet music1 ease1 and all the pleasure
 the world can afford1 whilst many an   
hunger-starved poor creature pines in   
the street1 wants clothes to cover him1 
labours hard all day long1 runs1 rides  
for a trifle1 fights peradventure from  
sun to sun1 sick and ill1 weary1 full of
 pain and grief1 is in great distress   
and sorrow of heart4 ,he loathes and    
scorns his inferior1 hates or emulates  

his equal1 envies his superior1 insults 
over all such as are under him1 as if he
 were of another species1 a demigod1 not
 subject to any fall1 or human          
infirmities4 ,generally they love not1  
are not beloved again3 they tire out    
others' bodies with continual labour1   
they themselves living at ease1 caring  
for none else1 sibi nati2 and are so far
 many times from putting to their       
helping hand1 that they seek all means  
to depress1 even most worthy and well   
deserving1 better than themselves1 those
 whom they are by the laws of nature    
bound to relieve and help1 as much as in
 them lies1 they will let them          
caterwaul1 starve1 beg1 and hang1 before
 they will any ways 7though it be in    
their power7 assist or ease3 #agheso    
unnatural are they for the most part1 so
 unregardful2 so hard-hearted1 so       
churlish1 proud1 insolent1 so dogged1 of
 so bad a disposition4 ,and being so    
brutish1 so devilishly bent one towards 
another1 how is it possible but that we 

should be discontent of all sides1 full 
of cares1 woes1 and miseries8 ,if this  
be not a sufficient proof of their      
discontent and misery1 examine every    
condition and calling apart4 ,kings1    
princes1 monarchs1 and magistrates seem 
to be most happy1 but look into their   
estate1 you shall #aghf;find them to be 
most encumbered with cares1 in perpetual
 fear1 agony1 suspicion1 jealousy3 that1
 as #aghg;he said of a crown1 if they   
knew but the discontents that accompany 
it1 they would not stoop to take it up4 
,quem mihi regent dabis 7saith          
,chrysostom7 non curis plenum8 ,what    
king canst thou show me1 not full of    
cares8 #aghh,look not on his crown1 but 
consider his afflictions2 attend not his
 number of servants1 but multitude of   
crosses4 ,nihil aliud potestas culminis1
 quam tempestas mentis1 as ,gregory     
seconds him2 sovereignty is a tempest of
 the soul3 ,sylla like they have brave  
titles1 but terrible fits3 splendorem   
titulo1 cruciatum animo3 which made     

#aghi;,demosthenes vow1 si vel ad       
tribunal1 vel ad interitum duceretur3 if
 to be a judge1 or to be condemned1 were
 put to his choice1 he would be         
condemned4 ,rich men are in the same    
predicament2 what their pains are1      
stulti nesciunt1 ipsi sentiunt3 they    
feel1 fools perceive not1 as ,i shall   
prove elsewhere1 and their wealth is    
brittle1 like children's rattles3 they  
come and go1 there is no certainty in   
them3 those whom they elevate1 they do  
as suddenly depress1 and leave in a vale
 of misery4 ,the middle sort of men are 
as so many asses to bear burdens2 or if 
they be free1 and live at ease1 they    
spend themselves1 and consume their     
bodies and fortunes with luxury and     
riot1 contention1 emulation1 c4 ,the    
poor ,i reserve for another #agijplace  
and their discontents4 ,for particular  
professions1 ,i hold as of the rest1    
there's no content or security in any2  
on what course will you pitch1 how      
resolve8 to be a divine1 'tis           

contemptible in the world's esteem2 to  
be a lawyer1 'tis to be a wrangler2 to  
be a physician1 #agiapudet lotii1 'tis  
loathed2 a philosopher1 a madman2 an    
alchemist1 a beggar2 a poet1 esurit1 an 
hungry jack2 a musician1 a player2 a    
schoolmaster1 a drudge2 an husbandman1  
an emmet2 a merchant1 his gains are     
uncertain2 a mechanician1 base2 a       
chirurgeon1 fulsome2 a tradesman1 a     
#agibliar2 a tailor1 a thief2 a         
serving-man1 a slave2 a soldier1 a      
butcher2 a smith1 or a metalman1 the    
pot's never from his nose2 a courtier a 
parasite1 as he could find no tree in   
the wood to hang himself2 ,i can show no
 state of life to give content4 ,the    
like you may say of all ages2 children  
live in a perpetual slavery1 still under
 that tyrannical government of masters2 
young men1 and of riper years1 subject  
to labour1 and a thousand cares of the  
world1 to treachery1 falsehood1 and     
cozenage1 #agic------;,incedit per      
ignes1 ,suppositos cineri doloso1       

------you incautious tread ,on fires1   
with faithless ashes overhead4  #agidold
 are full of aches in their bones1      
cramps and convulsions1 silicernia1 dull
 of hearing1 weak sighted1 hoary1       
wrinkled1 harsh1 so much altered as that
 they cannot know their own face in a   
glass1 a burthen to themselves and      
others1 after #gj years1 all is sorrow  
7as ,david hath it71 they do not live   
but linger4 ,if they be sound1 they fear
 diseases2 if sick1 weary of their      
lives3 ,non est vivere1 sed valere vita4
 ,one complains of want1 a second of    
servitude1 #agie;another of a secret or 
incurable disease2 of some deformity of 
body1 of some loss1 danger1 death of    
friends1 shipwreck1 persecution1        
imprisonment1 disgrace1 repulse1 #agif  
contumely1 calumny1 abuse1 injury1      
contempt1 ingratitude1 unkindness1      
scoffs1 flouts1 unfortunate marriage1   
single life1 too many children1 no      
children1 false servants1 unhappy       
children1 barrenness1 banishment1       

oppression1 frustrate hopes and         
ill-success1 c4 #agig,talia de genere   
hoc adeo sunt multa1 loquacem ut        
,delassare valent ,fabium4------  ,but1 
every various instance to repeat1 ,would
 tire even ,fabius of incessant prate4  
,talking ,fabius will be tired before he
 can tell half of them2 they are the    
subject of whole volumes1 and shall     
7some of them7 be more opportunely      
dilated elsewhere4 ,in the meantime thus
 much ,i may say of them1 that generally
 they crucify the soul of man1          
#agih;attenuate our bodies1 dry them1   
wither them1 shrivel them up like old   
apples1 make them as so many anatomies  
7#agiiossa atque pellis est totus1 ita  
curis macet7 they cause tempus foedum et
 squalidum1 cumbersome days1 ingrataque 
tempora1 slow1 dull1 and heavy times3   
make us howl1 roar1 and tear our hairs1 
as sorrow did in #ahjj;,cebes' table1   
and groan for the very anguish of our   
souls4 ,our hearts fail us as ,david's  
did1 ,psal4 xl4 #ab1 for innumerable    

troubles that compassed him2 and we are 
ready to confess with ,hezekiah1 ,isaiah
 lviii4 #ag1 behold1 for felicity ,i had
 bitter grief2 to weep with ,heraclitus1
 to curse the day of our birth with     
,jeremy1 xx4 #ad1 and our stars with    
,job3 to hold that axiom of ,silenus1   
#ahja;better never to have been born1   
and the best next of all1 to die        
quickly3 or if we must live1 to abandon 
the world1 as ,timon did2 creep into    
caves and holes1 as our anchorites2 cast
 all into the sea1 as ,crates ,thebanus2
 or as ,theombrotus ,ambrociato's #djj  
auditors1 precipitate ourselves to be   
rid of these miseries4  ,,subsect4      
,,xi4--,concupiscible ,appetite1 as     
,desires1 ,ambition1 ,causes4  ,these   
concupiscible and irascible appetites   
are as the two twists of a rope1        
mutually mixed one with the other1 and  
both twining about the heart3 both good1
 as ,austin1 holds1 l4 #ad4 c4 #i4 de   
civ4 ,dei1 #ahjb;if they be moderate2   
both pernicious if they be exorbitant4  

,this concupiscible appetite1 howsoever 
it may seem to carry with it a show of  
pleasure and delight1 and our           
concupiscences most part affect us with 
content and a pleasing object1 yet if   
they be in extremes1 they rack and wring
 us on the other side4 ,a true saying it
 is1 ,desire hath no rest2 is infinite  
in itself1 endless2 and as #ahjcone     
calls it1 a perpetual rack1 #ahjdor     
horse-mill1 according to ,austin1 still 
going round as in a ring4 ,they are not 
so continual1 as divers1 felicius atomos
 denumerare possem1 saith               
#ahje;,bernard1 quam motus cordis2 nunc 
haec1 nunc illa cogito1 you may as well 
reckon up the motes in the sun as them4 
#ahjf;,it extends itself to everything1 
as ,guianerius will have it1 that is    
superfluously sought after3' or to any  
#ahjg;fervent desire1 as ,fernelius     
interprets it2 be it in what kind       
soever1 it tortures if immoderate1 and  
is 7according to #ahjh ,plater and      
others7 an especial cause of melancholy4

 ,multuosis concupiscentiis dilaniantur 
cogitationes meae1 #ahji;,austin        
confessed1 that he was torn a pieces    
with his manifold desires3 and so doth  
#ahaj ,bernard complain1 that he could  
not rest for them a minute of an hour3  
this ,i would have1 and that1 and then  
,i desire to be such and such4 ',tis a  
hard matter therefore to confine them1  
being they are so various and many1     
impossible to apprehend all4 ,i will    
only insist upon some few of the chief1 
and most noxious in their kind1 as that 
exorbitant appetite and desire of       
honour1 which we commonly call ambition2
 love of money1 which is covetousness1  
and that greedy desire of gain3         
self-love1 pride1 and inordinate desire 
of vainglory or applause1 love of study 
in excess2 love of women 7which will    
require a just volume of itself71 of the
 other ,i will briefly speak1 and in    
their order4 ,ambition1 a proud         
covetousness1 or a dry thirst of honour1
 a great torture of the mind1 composed  

of envy1 pride1 and covetousness1 a     
gallant madness1 one #ahaa;defines it a 
pleasant poison1 ,ambrose1 a canker of  
the soul1 an hidden plague3             
#ahab;,bernard1 a secret poison1 the    
father of livor1 and mother of          
hypocrisy1 the moth of holiness1 and    
cause of madness1 crucifying and        
disquieting all that it takes hold of4  
#ahac,seneca calls it1 rem solicitam1   
timidam1 vanam1 ventosam1 a windy thing1
 a vain1 solicitous1 and fearful thing4 
,for commonly they that1 like ,sisyphus1
 roll this restless stone of ambition1  
are in a perpetual agony1 still #ahad   
perplexed1 semper taciti1 tritesque     
recedunt 7,lucretius71 doubtful1        
timorous1 suspicious1 loath to offend in
 word or deed1 still cogging and        
colloguing1 embracing1 capping1         
cringing1 applauding1 flattering1       
fleering1 visiting1 waiting at men's    
doors1 with all affability1 counterfeit 
honesty and humility4 #ahae;,if that    
will not serve1 if once this humour 7as 

#ahaf;,cyprian describes it7 possess his
 thirsty soul1 ambitionis salsugo ubi   
bibulam animam possidet1 by hook and by 
crook he will obtain it1 and from his   
hole he will climb to all honours and   
offices1 if it be possible for him to   
get up1 flattering one1 bribing another1
 he will leave no means unessay'd to win
 all4 #ahag;,it is a wonder to see how  
slavishly these kind of men subject     
themselves1 when they are about a suit1 
to every inferior person2 what pains    
they will take1 run1 ride1 cast1 plot1  
countermine1 protest and swear1 vow1    
promise1 what labours undergo1 early up1
 down late2 how obsequious and affable  
they are1 how popular and courteous1 how
 they grin and fleer upon every man they
 meet2 with what feasting and inviting1 
how they spend themselves and their     
fortunes1 in seeking that many times1   
which they had much better be without2  
as #ahah;,cyneas the orator told        
,pyrrhus3 with what waking nights1      
painful hours1 anxious thoughts1 and    

bitterness of mind1 inter spemque       
metumque1 distracted and tired1 they    
consume the interim of their time4      
,there can be no greater plague for the 
present4 ,if they do obtain their suit1 
which with such cost and solicitude they
 have sought1 they are not so freed1    
their anxiety is anew to begin1 for they
 are never satisfied1 nihil aliud nisi  
imperium spirant1 their thoughts1       
actions1 endeavours are all for         
sovereignty and honour1 like #ahai,lues 
,sforza that huffing ,duke of ,milan1 a 
man of singular wisdom1 but profound    
ambition1 born to his own1 and to the   
destruction of ,italy1 though it be to  
their own ruin1 and friends' undoing1   
they will contend1 they may not cease1  
but as a dog in a wheel1 a bird in a    
cage1 or a squirrel in a chain1 so      
#ahbj;,budaeus compares them2 #ahbathey 
climb and climb still1 with much labour1
 but never make an end1 never at the    
top4 ,a knight would be a baronet1 and  
then a lord1 and then a viscount1 and   

then an earl1 c42 a doctor1 a dean1 and 
then a bishop2 from tribune to praetor2 
from bailiff to major2 first this       
office1 and then that2 as ,pyrrhus in   
#ahbb,plutarch1 they will first have    
,greece1 then ,africa1 and then ,asia1  
and swell with ,aesop's frog so long1   
till in the end they burst1 or come down
 with ,sejanus1 ad ,gemonias scalas1 and
 break their own necks2 or as ,evangelus
 the piper in ,lucian1 that blew his    
pipe so long1 till he fell down dead4   
,if he chance to miss1 and have a       
canvass1 he is in a hell on the other   
side2 so dejected1 that he is ready to  
hang himself1 turn heretic1 ,turk1 or   
traitor in an instant4 ,enraged against 
his enemies1 he rails1 swears1 fights1  
slanders1 detracts1 envies1 murders3 and
 for his own part1 si appetitum explere 
non potest1 furore corripitur2 if he    
cannot satisfy his desire 7as           
#ahbc;,bodine writes7 he runs mad4 ,so  
that both ways1 hit or miss1 he is      
distracted so long as his ambition      

lasts1 he can look for no other but     
anxiety and care1 discontent and grief  
in the meantime1 #ahbdmadness itself1 or
 violent death in the end4 ,the event of
 this is common to be seen in populous  
cities1 or in princes' courts1 for a    
courtier's life 7as ,budaeus describes  
it7 is a #ahbe;gallimaufry of ambition1 
lust1 fraud1 imposture1 dissimulation1  
detraction1 envy1 pride2 #ahbfthe court1
 a common conventicle of flatterers1    
time-servers1 politicians1 c42 or as    
#ahbg ,anthony ,perez will1 the suburbs 
of hell itself4 ,if you will see such   
discontented persons1 there you shall   
likely find them4 #ahbh;,and which he   
observed of the markets of old ,rome1   
,qui perjurum convenire vult hominem1   
mitto in ,comitium2 ,qui mendacem et    
gloriosum1 apud ,cluasinae sacrum2      
,dites1 damnosos maritos1 sub basilica  
quaerito1 c4  ,perjured knaves1 knights 
of the post1 liars1 crackers1 bad       
husbands1 c4 keep their several         
stations2 they do still1 and always did 

in every commonwealth4  ,,subsect4      
,,xii4--1 ,covetousness1 a ,cause4      
,plutarch1 in his #ahbi;book whether the
 diseases of the body be more grievous  
than those of the soul1 is of opinion1  
if you will examine all the causes of   
our miseries in this life1 you shall    
find them most part to have had their   
beginning from stubborn anger1 that     
furious desire of contention1 or some   
unjust or immoderate affection1 as      
covetousness1 c4 ,from whence are wars  
and contentions amongst you8 #ahcj,st4  
,james asks3 ,i will add usury1 fraud1  
rapine1 simony1 oppression1 lying1      
swearing1 bearing false witness1 c4 are 
they not from this fountain of          
covetousness1 that greediness in        
getting1 tenacity in keeping1 sordidity 
in spending2 that they are so wicked1   
#ahcaunjust against ,god1 their         
neighbour1 themselves2 all comes hence4 
,the desire of money is the root of all 
evil1 and they that lust after it1      
pierce themselves through with many     

sorrows1 #a ,tim4 vi4 #aj4 ,hippocrates 
therefore in his ,epistle to ,crateva1  
an herbalist1 gives him this good       
counsel1 that if it were possible1 #ahcb
 amongst other herbs1 he should cut up  
that weed of covetousness by the roots1 
that there be no remainder left1 and    
then know this for a certainty1 that    
together with their bodies1 thou mayst  
quickly cure all the diseases of their  
minds4 ,for it is indeed the pattern1   
image1 epitome of all melancholy1 the   
fountain of many miseries1 much         
discontented care and woe2 this         
inordinate1 or immoderate desire of     
gain1 to get or keep money1 as          
#ahcc;,bonaventure defines it3 or1 as   
,austin describes it1 a madness of the  
soul1 ,gregory a torture2 ,chrysostom1  
an insatiable drunkenness2 ,cyprian1    
blindness1 speciosum supplicium1 a      
plague subverting kingdoms1 families1 an
 #ahcd;incurable disease2 ,budaeus1 an  
ill habit1 #ahceyielding to no remedies3
 neither ,aesculapius nor ,plutus can   

cure them3 a continual plague1 saith    
,solomon1 and vexation of spirit1       
another hell4 ,i know there be some of  
opinion1 that covetous men are happy1   
and worldly1 wise1 that there is more   
pleasure in getting of wealth than in   
spending1 and no delight in the world   
like unto it4 ',twas #ahcf;,bias'       
problem of old1 ,with what art thou not 
weary8 with getting money4 ,what is most
 delectable8 to gain4 ,what is it1 trow 
you1 that makes a poor man labour all   
his lifetime1 carry such great burdens1 
fare so hardly1 macerate himself1 and   
endure so much misery1 undergo such base
 offices with so great patience1 to rise
 up early1 and lie down late1 if there  
were not an extraordinary delight in    
getting and keeping of money8 ,what     
makes a merchant that hath no need1     
satis superque domi1 to range all over  
the world1 through all those intemperate
 #ahcg,zones of heat and cold2          
voluntarily to venture his life1 and be 
content with such miserable famine1     

nasty usage1 in a stinking ship2 if     
there were not a pleasure and hope to   
get money1 which doth season the rest1  
and mitigate his indefatigable pains8   
,what makes them go into the bowels of  
the earth1 an hundred fathom deep1      
endangering their dearest lives1        
enduring damps and filthy smells1 when  
they have enough already1 if they could 
be content1 and no such cause to labour1
 but an extraordinary delight they take 
in riches4 ,this may seem plausible at  
first show1 a popular and strong        
argument2 but let him that so thinks1   
consider better of it1 and he shall soon
 perceive1 that it is far otherwise than
 he supposeth2 it may be haply pleasing 
at the first1 as most part all          
melancholy is4 ,for such men likely have
 some lucida intervalla1 pleasant       
symptoms intermixed2 but you must note  
that of #ahch;,chrysostom1 ',tis one    
thing to be rich1 another to be         
covetous3 generally they are all fools1 
dizzards1 madmen1 #ahcimiserable        

wretches1 living besides themselves1    
sine arte fruendi1 in perpetual slavery1
 fear1 suspicion1 sorrow1 and           
discontent1 plus aloes quam mellis      
habent2 and are indeed1 rather possessed
 by their money1 than possessors3 as    
#ahdj;,cyprian hath it1 mancipati       
pecuniis2 bound prentice to their goods1
 as #ahda,pliny2 or as ,chrysostom1     
servi divitiarum1 slaves and drudges to 
their substance2 and we may conclude of 
them all1 as #ahdb,valerius doth of     
,ptolomaeus king of ,cyprus1 ,he was in 
title a king of that island1 but in his 
mind1 a miserable drudge of money3      
#ahdc------potiore metallis libertate   
carens------  wanting his liberty1 which
 is better than gold4 ,damasippus the   
,stoic1 in ,horace1 proves that all     
mortal men dote by fits1 some one way1  
some another1 but that covetous men     
#ahdd;are madder than the rest2 and he  
that shall truly look into their        
estates1 and examine their symptoms1    
shall find no better of them1 but that  

they are all #ahde;fools1 as ,nabal was1
 ,re et nomine 7#a4 ,reg4 #ae47 ,for    
what greater folly can there be1 or     
#ahdf madness1 than to macerate himself 
when he need not8 and when1 as ,cyprian 
notes1 #ahdg;he may be freed from his   
burden1 and eased of his pains1 will go 
on still1 his wealth increasing1 when he
 hath enough1 to get more1 to live      
besides himself1 to starve his genius1  
keep back from his wife #ahdh;and       
children1 neither letting them nor other
 friends use or enjoy that which is     
theirs by right1 and which they much    
need perhaps2 like a hog1 or dog in the 
manger1 he doth only keep it1 because it
 shall do nobody else good1 hurting     
himself and others3 and for a little    
momentary pelf1 damn his own soul8 ,they
 are commonly sad and tetric by nature1 
as ,achab's spirit was because he could 
not get ,naboth's vineyard1 7#a4 ,reg4  
#bb47 and if he lay out his money at any
 time1 though it be to necessary uses1  
to his own children's good1 he brawls   

and scolds1 his heart is heavy1 much    
disquieted he is1 and loath to part from
 it3 ,miser abstinet et timet uti1 ,hor4
 ,he is of a wearish1 dry1 pale         
constitution1 and cannot sleep for cares
 and worldly business2 his riches1 saith
 ,solomon1 will not let him sleep1 and  
unnecessary business which he heapeth on
 himself2 or if he do sleep1 'tis a very
 unquiet1 interrupt1 unpleasing sleep3  
with his bags in his arms1              
------congestis undique sacc indormit   
inhians1------  ,and though he be at a  
banquet1 or at some merry feast1 he     
sighs for grief of heart 7as            
#ahdi;,cyprian hath it7 and cannot sleep
 though it be upon a down bed2 his      
wearish body takes no rest1             
#ahejtroubled in his abundance1 and     
sorrowful in plenty1 unhappy for the    
present1 and more unhappy in the life to
 come4 ,basil4 ,he is a perpetual       
drudge1 #ahearestless in his thoughts1  
and never satisfied1 a slave1 a wretch1 
a dust-worm1 semper quod idolo suo      

immolet1 sedulus observat ,cypr4 prolog4
 ad sermon still seeking what sacrifice 
he may offer to his golden god1 per fas 
et nefas1 he cares not how1 his trouble 
is endless1 #aheb;crescunt divitiae1    
tamen curtae nescio quid semper abest   
rei3 his wealth increaseth1 and the more
 he hath1 the more #ahec;he wants3 like 
,pharaoh's lean kine1 which devoured the
 fat1 and were not satisfied4           
#ahed;,austin therefore defines         
covetousness1 quarumlibet rerum         
inhonestam et insatiabilem cupiditatem a
 dishonest and insatiable desire of     
gain2 and in one of his epistles        
compares it to hell2 #aheewhich devours 
all1 and yet never hath enough1 a       
bottomless pit1 an endless misery2 in   
quem scopulum avaritiae cadaverosi senes
 utplurimum impingunt1 and that which is
 their greatest corrosive1 they are in  
continual suspicion1 fear1 and distrust1
 ,he thinks his own wife and children   
are so many thieves1 and go about to    
cozen him1 his servants are all false3  

,rem suam periisse1 seque eradicarier1  
,et divum atque hominum clamat continuo 
fidem1 ,de suo tigillo si qua exit      
foras4  ,if his doors creek1 then out he
 cries anon1 ,his goods are gone1 and he
 is quite undone4  ,timidus ,plutus1 an 
old proverb1 ,as fearful as ,plutus3 so 
doth ,aristophanes and ,lucian bring him
 in fearful still1 pale1 anxious1       
suspicious1 and trusting no man1        
#ahef,they are afraid of tempests for   
their corn2 they are afraid of their    
friends lest they should ask something  
of them1 beg or borrow2 they are afraid 
of their enemies lest they hurt them1   
thieves lest they rob them2 they are    
afraid of war and afraid of peace1      
afraid of rich and afraid of poor2      
afraid of all4 ,last of all1 they are   
afraid of want1 that they shall die     
beggars1 which makes them lay up still1 
and dare not use that they have3 what if
 a dear year come1 or dearth1 or some   
loss8 and were it not that they are both
 to #aheglay out money on a rope1 they  

would be hanged forthwith1 and sometimes
 die to save charges1 and make away     
themselves1 if their corn and cattle    
miscarry2 though they have abundance    
left1 as #aheh;,agellius notes4         
#ahei,valerius makes mention of one that
 in a famine sold a mouse for #bjj      
pence1 and famished himself3 such are   
their cares1 #ahfj;griefs and perpetual 
fears4 ,these symptoms are elegantly    
expressed by ,theophrastus in his       
character of a covetous man2 #ahfalying 
in bed1 he asked his wife whether she   
shut the trunks and chests fast1 the    
cap-case be sealed1 and whether the hall
 door be bolted2 and though she say all 
is well1 he riseth out of his bed in his
 shirt1 barefoot and barelegged1 to see 
whether it be so1 with a dark lantern   
searching every corner1 scarce sleeping 
a wink all night4 ,lucian in that       
pleasant and witty dialogue called      
,gallus1 brings in ,mycillus the cobbler
 disputing with his cock1 sometimes     
,pythagoras2 where after much speech pro

 and con1 to prove the happiness of a   
mean estate1 and discontents of a rich  
man1 ,pythagoras' cock in the end1 to   
illustrate by examples that which he had
 said1 brings him to ,gnyphon the       
usurer's house at midnight1 and after   
that to ,encrates2 whom1 they found both
 awake1 casting up their accounts1 and  
telling of their money1 #ahfblean1 dry1 
pale and anxious1 still suspecting lest 
somebody should make a hole through the 
wall1 and so get in2 or if a rat or     
mouse did but stir1 starting upon a     
sudden1 and running to the door to see  
whether all were fast4 ,plautus1 in his 
,aulularia1 makes old ,euclio           
#ahfc;commanding ,staphyla his wife to  
shut the doors fast1 and the fire to be 
put out1 lest anybody should make that  
an errand to come to his house3 when he 
washed his hands1 #ahfd;he was loath to 
fling away the foul water1 complaining  
that he was undone1 because the smoke   
got out of his roof4 ,and as he went    
from home1 seeing a crow scratch upon   

the muck-hill1 returned in all haste1   
taking it for malum omen1 an ill sign1  
his money was digged up2 with many such4
 ,he that will but observe their        
actions1 shall find these and many such 
passages not feigned for sport1 but     
really performed1 verified indeed by    
such covetous and miserable wretches1   
and that it is1 #ahfe------manifesta    
phrenesis ,ut locuples moriaris egenti  
vivere fato4  ,a mere madness1 to live  
like a wretch1 and die rich4  ,,subsect4
 ,,xiii4--,love of ,gaming1 c4 and      
pleasures immoderate2 ,causes4  ,it is a
 wonder to see1 how many poor1          
distressed1 miserable wretches1 one     
shall meet almost in every path and     
street1 begging for an alms1 that have  
been well descended1 and sometimes in   
flourishing estate1 now ragged1         
tattered1 and ready to be starved1      
lingering out a painful life1 in        
discontent and grief of body and mind1  
and all through immoderate lust1 gaming1
 pleasure and riot4 ',tis the common end

 of all sensual epicures and brutish    
prodigals1 that are stupefied and       
carried away headlong with their several
 pleasures and lusts4 ,cebes in his     
table1 ,st4 ,ambrose in his second book 
of ,abel and ,cain1 and amongst the rest
 ,lucian in his tract de ,mercede       
conductis1 hath excellent well          
deciphered such men's proceedings in his
 picture of ,opulentia1 whom he feigns  
to dwell on the top of a high mount1    
much sought after by many suitors2 at   
their first coming they are generally   
entertained by pleasure and dalliance1  
and have all the content that possibly  
may be given1 so long as their money    
lasts3 but when their means fail1 they  
are contemptibly thrust out at a back   
door1 headlong1 and there left to shame1
 reproach1 despair4 ,and he at first    
that had so many attendants1 parasites1 
and followers1 young and lusty1 richly  
arrayed1 and all the dainty fare that   
might be had1 with all kind of welcome  
and good respect1 is now upon a sudden  

stripped of all1 #ahffpale1 naked1 old1 
diseased and forsaken1 cursing his      
stars1 and ready to strangle himself2   
having no other company but repentance1 
sorrow1 grief1 derision1 beggary1 and   
contempt1 which are his daily attendants
 to his life's end4 ,as the             
#ahfgprodigal son had exquisite music1  
merry company1 dainty fare at first2 but
 a sorrowful reckoning in the end2 so   
have all such vain delights and their   
followers4 #ahfh,tristes voluptatum     
exitus1 et quisquis voluptatum suarum   
reminisci volet1 intelliget1 as bitter  
as gall and wormwood is their last2     
grief of mind1 madness itself4 ,the     
ordinary rocks upon which such men do   
impinge and precipitate themselves1 are 
cards1 dice1 hawks1 and hounds1 ,insanum
 venandi studium1 one calls it1 insanae 
substructiones3 their mad structures1   
disports1 plays1 c41 when they are      
unseasonably used1 imprudently handled1 
and beyond their fortunes4 ,some men are
 consumed by mad fantastical buildings1 

by making galleries1 cloisters1         
terraces1 walks1 orchards1 gardens1     
pools1 rillets1 bowers1 and such like   
places of pleasure2 ,inutiles domos1    
#ahfi,xenophon calls them1 which        
howsoever they be delightsome things in 
themselves1 and acceptable to all       
beholders1 an ornament1 and benefiting  
some great men3 yet unprofitable to     
others1 and the sole overthrow of their 
estates4 ,forestus in his observations  
hath an example of such a one that      
became melancholy upon the like         
occasion1 having consumed his substance 
in an unprofitable building1 which would
 afterward yield him no advantage4      
,others1 ,i say1 are #ahgj overthrown by
 those mad sports of hawking and        
hunting2 honest recreations1 and fit for
 some great men1 but not for every base 
inferior person2 whilst they will       
maintain their falconers1 dogs1 and     
hunting nags1 their wealth1 saith       
#ahga,salmutze1 runs away with hounds1  
and their fortunes fly away with hawks4 

,they persecute beasts so long1 till in 
the end they themselves degenerate into 
beasts1 as #ahgb;,agrippa taxeth them1  
#ahgc;,actaeon like1 for as he was eaten
 to death by his own dogs1 so do they   
devour themselves and their patrimonies1
 in such idle and unnecessary disports1 
neglecting in the mean time their more  
necessary business1 and to follow their 
vocations4 ,over-mad too sometimes are  
our great men in delighting1 and doting 
too much on it4 #ahgd,when they drive   
poor husbandmen from their tillage1 as  
#ahge,sarisburiensis objects1 ,polycrat4
 l4 #a4 c4 #d1 fling down country farms1
 and whole towns1 to make parks1 and    
forests1 starving men to feed beasts1   
and #ahgfpunishing in the mean time such
 a man that shall molest their game1    
more severely than him that is otherwise
 a common hacker1 or a notorious thief4 
,but great men are some ways to be      
excused1 the meaner sort have no evasion
 why they should not be counted mad4    
,poggius the ,florentine tells a merry  

story to this purpose1 condemning the   
folly and impertinent business of such  
kind of persons4 ,a physician of ,milan1
 saith he1 that cured mad men1 had a pit
 of water in his house1 in which he kept
 his patients1 some up to the knees1    
some to the girdle1 some to the chin1   
pro modo insaniae1 as they were more or 
less affected4 ,one of them by chance1  
that was well recovered1 stood in the   
door1 and seeing a gallant ride by with 
a hawk on his fist1 well mounted1 with  
his spaniels after him1 would needs know
 to what use all this preparation       
served2 he made answer to kill certain  
fowls2 the patient demanded again1 what 
his fowl might be worth which he killed 
in a year2 he replied #e or #aj crowns2 
and when he urged him farther what his  
dogs1 horse1 and hawks stood him in1 he 
told him #djj crowns2 with that the     
patient bad be gone1 as he loved his    
life and welfare1 for if our master come
 and find thee here1 he will put thee in
 the pit amongst mad men up to the chin3

 taxing the madness and folly of such   
vain men that spend themselves in those 
idle sports1 neglecting their business  
and necessary affairs4 ,leo ,decimus1   
that hunting pope1 is much discommended 
by #ahgg;,jovius in his life1 for his   
immoderate desire of hawking and        
hunting1 in so much that 7as he saith7  
he would sometimes live about ,ostia    
weeks and months together1 leave suitors
 #ahghunrespected1 bulls and pardons    
unsigned1 to his own prejudice1 and many
 private men's loss4 #ahgi;,and if he   
had been by chance crossed in his sport1
 or his game not so good1 he was so     
impatient1 that he would revile and     
miscall many times men of great worth   
with most bitter taunts1 look so sour1  
be so angry and waspish1 so grieved and 
molested1 that it is incredible to      
relate it4 ,but if he had good sport1   
and been well pleased1 on the other     
side1 incredibili munificentia1 with    
unspeakable bounty and munificence he   
would reward all his fellow hunters1 and

 deny nothing to any suitor when he was 
in that mood4 ,to say truth1 'tis the   
common humour of all gamesters1 as      
,galataeus observes1 if they win1 no men
 living are so jovial and merry1 but    
#ahhj;if they lose1 though it be but a  
trifle1 two or three games at tables1 or
 a dealing at cards for two pence a     
game1 they are so choleric and testy    
that no man may speak with them1 and    
break many times into violent passions1 
oaths1 imprecations1 and unbeseeming    
speeches1 little differing from mad men 
for the time4 ,generally of all         
gamesters and gaming1 if it be          
excessive1 thus much we may conclude1   
that whether they win or lose for the   
present1 their winnings are not ,munera 
fortunae1 sed insidiae as that wise     
,seneca determines1 not fortune's gifts1
 but baits1 the common catastrophe is   
#ahha;beggary1 #ahhb,ut pestis vitam1   
sic adimit alea pecuniam1 as the plague 
takes away life1 doth gaming goods1 for 
#ahhc omnes nudi1 inopes et egeni2      

#ahhd;,alea ,scylla vorax1 species      
certissima furti1 ,non contenta bonis   
animum quoque perfida mergit1 ,foeda1   
furax1 infamis1 iners1 furiosa1 ruina4  
,for a little pleasure they take1 and   
some small gains and gettings now and   
then1 their wives and children are      
ringed in the meantime1 and they        
themselves with loss of body and soul   
rue it in the end4 ,i will say nothing  
of those prodigious prodigals1 perdendae
 pecuniae1 genitos1 as he #ahhe taxed   
,anthony1 ,qui patrimonium sine ulla    
fori calumnia amittunt1 saith           
#ahhf;,cyprian1 and #ahhgmad sybaritical
 spendthrifts1 ,quique una comedunt     
patrimonia coena2 that eat up all at a  
breakfast1 at a supper1 or amongst      
bawds1 parasites1 and players1 consume  
themselves in an instant1 as if they had
 flung it into #ahhh,tiber1 with great  
wages1 vain and idle expenses1 c41 not  
themselves only1 but even all their     
friends1 as a man desperately swimming  
drowns him that comes to help him1 by   

suretyship and borrowing they will      
willingly undo all their associates and 
allies4 #ahhi ,irati pecuniis1 as he    
saith1 angry with their money3 #ahijwhat
 with a wanton eye1 a liquorish tongue1 
and a gamesome hand1 when they have     
indiscreetly impoverished themselves1   
mortgaged their wits1 together with     
their lands1 and entombed their         
ancestors' fair possessions in their    
bowels1 they may lead the rest of their 
days in prison1 as many times they do2  
they repent at leisure2 and when all is 
gone begin to be thrifty3 but ,sera est 
in fundo parsimonia1 'tis then too late 
to look about2 their #ahia;end is       
misery1 sorrow1 shame1 and discontent4  
,and well they deserve to be infamous   
and discontent4 #ahib;,catamidiari in   
,amphitheatro1 as by ,adrian the        
emperor's edict they were of old1       
decoctores bonorum suorum1 so he calls  
them1 prodigal fools1 to be publicly    
shamed1 and hissed out of all societies1
 rather than to be pitied or relieved4  

#ahic,the ,tuscans and ,boetians brought
 their bankrupts into the marketplace in
 a bier with an empty purse carried     
before them1 all the boys following1    
where they sat all day circumstante     
plebe1 to be infamous and ridiculous4   
,at #ahid,padua in ,italy they have a   
stone called the stone of turpitude1    
near the senate-house1 where            
spendthrifts1 and such as disclaim      
non-payment of debts1 do sit with their 
hinder parts bare1 that by that note of 
disgrace others may be terrified from   
all such vain expense1 or borrowing more
 than they can tell how to pay4 ,the    
#ahie;civilians of old set guardians    
over such brain-sick prodigals1 as they 
did over madmen1 to moderate their      
expenses1 that they should not so       
loosely consume their fortunes1 to the  
utter undoing of their families4 ,i may 
not here omit those two main plagues1   
and common dotages of human kind1 wine  
and women1 which have infatuated and    
besotted myriads of people2 they go     

commonly together4 #ahif,qui vino       
indulget1 quemque aloa decoquit1 ille   
,in venerem putret------  ,to whom is   
sorrow1 saith ,solomon1 ,pro4 xxiii4    
#ci1 to whom is woe1 but to such a one  
as loves drink8 it causeth torture1     
7vino tortus et ira7 and bitterness of  
mind1 ,sirac4 #ca4 #ba4 ,vinum furoris1 
,jeremy calls it1 #ae4 cap4 wine of     
madness1 as well he may1 for insanire   
facit sanos1 it makes sound men sick and
 sad1 and wise men #ahigmad1 to say and 
do they know not what4 ,accidit hodie   
terribilis casus 7saith #ahih,s4        
,austin7 hear a miserable accident2     
,cyrillus' son this day in his drink1   
,matrem praegnantem nequiter oppressit1 
sororem violare voluit1 patrem occidit  
fere1 et duas alias sorores ad mortem   
vulneravit1 would have violated his     
sister1 killed his father1 c4 ,a true   
saying it was of him1 ,vino dari        
laetitiam et dolorem1 drink causeth     
mirth1 and drink causeth sorrow1 drink  
causeth poverty and want1 7,prov4 xxi47 

shame and disgrace4 ,multi ignobiles    
evasere ob vini potum1 et 7,austin7     
amissis honoribus profugi aberrarunt3   
many men have made shipwreck of their   
fortunes1 and go like rogues and        
beggars1 having turned all their        
substance into aurum potabile1 that     
otherwise might have lived in good      
worship and happy estate1 and for a few 
hours' pleasure1 for their ,hilary      
term's but short1 or #ahii;free madness1
 as ,seneca calls it1 purchase unto     
themselves eternal tediousness and      
trouble4 ,that other madness is on      
women1 ,apostatare facit cor1 saith the 
wise man1 #aijj;,atque homini cerebrum  
minuit4 ,pleasant at first she is1 like 
,dioscorides ,rhododaphne1 that fair    
plant to the eye1 but poison to the     
taste1 the rest as bitter as wormwood in
 the end 7,prov4 v4 #d47 and sharp as a 
two-edged sword1 7vii4 #bg47 ,her house 
is the way to hell1 and goes down to the
 chambers of death4 ,what more sorrowful
 can be said8 they are miserable in this

 life1 mad1 beasts1 led like #aijaoxen  
to the slaughter3 and that which is     
worse1 whoremasters and drunkards shall 
be judged1 amittunt gratiam1 saith      
,austin1 perdunt gloriam1 incurrunt     
damnationem aeternam4 ,they lose grace  
and glory2 #aijb------;brevis illa      
voluptas ,abrogat aeternum caeli        
decus------  they gain hell and eternal 
damnation4  ,,subsect4                  
,,xiv4--,philautia1 or ,self-love1      
,vainglory1 ,praise1 ,honour1           
,immoderate ,applause1 ,pride1 overmuch 
,joy1 c41 ,causes4  ,self-love1 pride1  
and vainglory1 #aijc;caecus amor sui1   
which ,chrysostom calls one of the      
devil's three great nets2               
#aijd;,bernard1 an arrow which pierceth 
the soul through1 and slays it2 a sly1  
insensible enemy1 not perceived1 are    
main causes4 ,where neither anger1 lust1
 covetousness1 fear1 sorrow1 c41 nor any
 other perturbation can lay hold2 this  
will slyly and insensibly pervert us1   
,quem non gula vicit1 ,philautia1       

superavit1 7saith ,cyprian7 whom        
surfeiting could not overtake1 self-love
 hath overcome4 #aije;,he hath scorned  
all money1 bribes1 gifts1 upright       
otherwise and sincere1 hath inserted    
himself to no fond imagination1 and     
sustained all those tyrannical          
concupiscences of the body1 hath lost   
all his honour1 captivated by vainglory4
 ,chrysostom1 sup4 ,io4 ,tu sola animum 
mentemque peruris1 gloria4 ,a great     
assault and cause of our present malady1
 although we do most part neglect1 take 
no notice of it1 yet this is a violent  
batterer of our souls1 causeth          
melancholy and dotage4 ,this pleasing   
humour2 this soft and whispering popular
 air1 ,amabilis insania2 this delectable
 frenzy1 most irrefragable passion1     
,mentis gratissimus error1 this         
acceptable disease1 which so sweetly    
sets upon us1 ravisheth our senses1     
lulls our souls asleep1 puffs up our    
hearts as so many bladders1 and that    
without all feeling1 #aijf;insomuch as  

those that are misaffected with it1     
never so much as once perceive it1 or   
think of any cure4 ,we commonly love him
 best in this #aijgmalady1 that doth us 
most harm1 and are very willing to be   
hurt2 adulationibus nostris libentur    
facemus 7saith #aijh ,jerome7 we love   
him1 we love him for it3 #aiji,o        
,bonciari suave1 suave fuit a te tali   
haec tribui2 ',twas sweet to hear it4   
,and as #aiaj,pliny doth ingenuously    
confess to his dear friend ,augurinus1  
all thy writings are most acceptable1   
but those especially that speak of us4  
,again1 a little after to ,maximus1     
#aiaa;,i cannot express how pleasing it 
is to me to hear myself commended4      
,though we smile to ourselves1 at least 
ironically1 when parasites bedaub us    
with false encomiums1 as many princes   
cannot choose but do1 ,quum tale quid   
nihil intra se repererint1 when they    
know they come as far short1 as a mouse 
to an elephant1 of any such virtues2 yet
 it doth us good4 ,though we seem many  

times to be angry1 #aiab and blush at   
our own praises1 yet our souls inwardly 
rejoice1 it puffs us up2 'tis fallax    
suavitas1 blandus daemon1 makes us swell
 beyond our bounds1 and forget          
ourselves4 ,her two daughters are       
lightness of mind1 immoderate joy and   
pride1 not excluding those other        
concomitant vices1 which #aiac;,iodocus 
,lorichius reckons up2 bragging1        
hypocrisy1 peevishness1 and curiosity4  
,now the common cause of this mischief1 
ariseth from ourselves or others1       
#aiadwe are active and passive4 ,it     
proceeds inwardly from ourselves1 as we 
are active causes1 from an overweening  
conceit we have of our good parts1 own  
worth1 7which indeed is no worth7 our   
bounty1 favour1 grace1 valour1 strength1
 wealth1 patience1 meekness1            
hospitality1 beauty1 temperance1 gentry1
 knowledge1 wit1 science1 art1 learning1
 our #aiae excellent gifts and fortunes1
 for which1 ,narcissus-like1 we admire1 
flatter1 and applaud ourselves1 and     

think all the world esteems so of us2   
and as deformed women easily believe    
those that tell them they be fair1 we   
are too credulous of our own good parts 
and praises1 too well persuaded of      
ourselves4 ,we brag and venditate our   
#aiafown works1 and scorn all others in 
respect of us2 ,inflati scientia1 7saith
 ,paul7 our wisdom1 #aiagour learning1  
all our geese are swans1 and we as      
basely esteem and vilify other men's1 as
 we do over-highly prize and value our  
own4 ,we will not suffer them to be in  
secundis1 no1 not in tertiis2 what1     
,mecum confertur ,ulysses8 they are     
,mures1 ,muscae1 culices prae se1 nits  
and flies compared to his inexorable and
 supercilious1 eminent and arrogant     
worship3 though indeed they be far      
before him4 ,only wise1 only rich1 only 
fortunate1 valorous1 and fair1 puffed up
 with this tympany of self-conceit2     
#aiah;as that proud ,pharisee1 they are 
not 7as they suppose7 like other men1 of
 a purer and more precious metal3       

#aiai,soli rei gerendi sunt efficaces1  
which that wise ,periander held of such3
 #aibjmeditantur omne qui prius         
negotium1 c4 ,novi quendam 7saith       
#aiba;,erasmus7 ,i knew one so arrogant 
that he thought himself inferior to no  
man living1 like #aibb;,callisthenes the
 philosopher1 that neither held         
,alexander's acts1 or any other subject 
worthy of his pen1 such was his         
insolency2 or ,seleucus king of ,syria1 
who thought none fit to contend with him
 but the ,romans4 #aibc;,eos solos      
dignos ratus quibuscum de imperio       
certaret4 ,that which ,tully writ to    
,atticus long since1 is still in force4 
#aibd,there was never yet true poet nor 
orator1 that thought any other better   
than himself4 ,and such for the most    
part are your princes1 potentates1 great
 philosophers1 historiographers1 authors
 of sects or heresies1 and all our great
 scholars1 as #aibe;,hierom defines2 a  
natural philosopher is a glorious       
creature1 and a very slave of rumour1   

fame1 and popular opinion1 and though   
they write de contemptu gloriae1 yet as 
he observes1 they will put their names  
to their books4 ,vobis et famae1 me     
semper dedi1 saith ,trebellius ,pollio1 
,i have wholly consecrated myself to you
 and fame4 ',tis all my desire1 night   
and day1 'tis all my study to raise my  
name4 ,proud #aibf,pliny seconds him2   
,quamquam ,o6 c4 and that vainglorious  
#aibgorator is not ashamed to confess in
 an ,epistle of his to ,marcus          
,lecceius1 ,ardeo incredibili           
cupididate1 c4 ,i burn with an          
incredible desire to have my #aibhname  
registered in thy book4 ,out of this    
fountain proceed all those cracks and   
brags1--#aibisperamus carmina fingi     
,posse linenda cedro1 et leni servanda  
cupresso--#aicj,non usitata nec tenui   
ferar penna4--nec in terra morabor      
longius4 ,nil parvum aut humili modo1   
nil mortale loquor4 ,dicar qua violens  
obstrepit ,ausidus4--,exegi monumentum  
aere perennius4 ,iamque opus exegi1 quod

 nec ,jovis ira1 nec ignis1 c4 cum venit
 ille dies1 c4 parte tamen meliore mei  
super alta perennis astra ferar1        
nomenque erit indelebile nostrum4 7,this
 of ,ovid ,i have paraphrased in        
,english47 ,and when ,i am dead and     
gone1 ,my corpse laid under a stone ,my 
fame shall yet survive1 ,and ,i shall be
 alive1 ,in these my works for ever1 ,my
 glory shall persever1 c4  ,and that of 
,ennius1 ,nemo me lachrymis decoret1    
neque funera fletu ,faxit1 cur8 volito  
docta per ora virum4  ,let none shed    
tears over me1 or adorn my bier with    
sorrow--because ,i am eternally in the  
mouths of men4 ,with many such proud    
strains1 and foolish flashes too common 
with writers4 ,not so much as           
,democharis on the #aica ,topics1 but he
 will be immortal4 ,typotius de fama1   
shall be famous1 and well he deserves1  
because he writ of fame2 and every      
trivial poet must be                    
renowned1--,plausuque petit clarescere  
vulgi4 ,he seeks the applause of the    

public4 ,this puffing humour it is1 that
 hath produced so many great tomes1     
built such famous monuments1 strong     
castles1 and ,mausolean tombs1 to have  
their acts eternised1--,digito          
monstrari1 et dicier hic est2 to be     
pointed at with the finger1 and to have 
it said 'there he goes1' to see their   
names inscribed1 as ,phryne on the walls
 of ,thebes1 ,phryne fecit2 this causeth
 so many bloody battles1--,et noctes    
cogit vigilare serenas2 and induces us  
to watch during calm nights4 ,long      
journeys1 ,magnum iter intendo1 sed dat 
mihi gloria vires1 ,i contemplate a     
monstrous journey1 but the love of glory
 strengthens me for it1 gaining honour1 
a little applause1 pride1 self-love1    
vainglory4 ,this is it which makes them 
take such pains1 and break out into     
those ridiculous strains1 this high     
conceit of themselves1 to #aicbscorn all
 others2 ridiculo fastu et intolerando  
contemptu2 as #aicc,palaemon the        
grammarian contemned ,varro1 secum et   

natas et morituras literas jactans1 and 
brings them to that height of insolency1
 that they cannot endure to be          
contradicted1 #aicdor hear of anything  
but their own commendation1 which       
,hierom notes of such kind of men4 ,and 
as #aice;,austin well seconds him1 'tis 
their sole study day and night to be    
commended and applauded4 ,when as       
indeed1 in all wise men's judgments1    
quibus cor sapit1 they are #aicfmad1    
empty vessels1 funges1 beside           
themselves1 derided1 et ut ,camelus in  
proverbio quaerens cornua1 etiam quas   
habebat aures amisit1 #aicgtheir works  
are toys1 as an almanac out of date1    
#aich;authoris pereunt garrulitate sui1 
they seek fame and immortality1 but reap
 dishonour and infamy1 they are a common
 obloquy1 insensati1 and come far short 
of that which they suppose or expect4   
#aici,o puer ut sis vitalis metuo1      
------,how much ,i dread ,thy days are  
short1 some lord shall strike thee dead4
  ,of so many myriads of poets1         

rhetoricians1 philosophers1 sophisters1 
as #aidj;,eusebius well observes1 which 
have written in former ages1 scarce one 
of a thousand's works remains1 nomina et
 libri simul cum corporibus interierunt1
 their books and bodies are perished    
together4 ,it is not as they vainly     
think1 they shall surely be admired and 
immortal1 as one told ,philip of        
,macedon insultingly1 after a victory1  
that his shadow was no longer than      
before1 we may say to them1 ,nos        
demiramur1 sed non cum deside vulgo1    
,sed velut ,harpyas1 ,gorgonas1 et      
,furias4  ,we marvel too1 not as the    
vulgar we1 ,but as we ,gorgons1         
,harpies1 or ,furies see4  ,or if we do 
applaud1 honour and admire1 quota pars1 
how small a part1 in respect of the     
whole world1 never so much as hears our 
names1 how few take notice of us1 how   
slender a tract1 as scant as            
,alcibiades' land in a map6 ,and yet    
every man must and will be immortal1 as 
he hopes1 and extend his fame to our    

antipodes1 when as half1 no not a       
quarter of his own province or city1    
neither knows nor hears of him--but say 
they did1 what's a city to a kingdom1 a 
kingdom to ,europe1 ,europe to the      
world1 the world itself that must have  
an end1 if compared to the least visible
 star in the firmament1 eighteen times  
bigger than it8 and then if those stars 
be infinite1 and every star there be a  
sun1 as some will1 and as this sun of   
ours hath his planets about him1 all    
inhabited1 what proportion bear we to   
them1 and where's our glory8 ,orbem     
terrarum victor ,romanus habebat1 as he 
cracked in ,petronius1 all the world was
 under ,augustus3 and so in             
,constantine's time1 ,eusebius brags he 
governed all the world1 universum mundum
 praeclare admodum administravit1--et   
omnes orbis gentes ,imperatori subjecti3
 so of ,alexander it is given out1 the  
four monarchies1 c4 when as neither     
,greeks nor ,romans ever had the        
fifteenth part of the now known world1  

nor half of that which was then         
described4 ,what braggadocios are they  
and we then8 quam brevis hic de nobis   
sermo1 as #aida;he said1 #aidbpudebit   
aucti nominis1 how short a time1 how    
little a while doth this fame of ours   
continue8 ,every private province1 every
 small territory and city1 when we have 
all done1 will yield as generous        
spirits1 as brave examples in all       
respects1 as famous as ourselves1       
,cadwallader in ,wales1 ,rollo in       
,normandy1 ,robin ,hood and ,little     
,john1 are as much renowned in          
,sherwood1 as ,caesar in ,rome1         
,alexander in ,greece1 or his           
,hephestion1 #aidc ,omnis aetas omnisque
 populus in exemplum et admirationem    
veniet1 every town1 city1 book1 is full 
of brave soldiers1 senators1 scholars2  
and though #aidd;,bracyclas was a worthy
 captain1 a good man1 and as they       
thought1 not to be matched in           
,lacedaemon1 yet as his mother truly    
said1 plures habet ,sparta ,bracyda     

meliores1 ,sparta had many better men   
than ever he was2 and howsoever thou    
admirest thyself1 thy friend1 many an   
obscure fellow the world never took     
notice of1 had he been in place or      
action1 would have done much better than
 he or he1 or thou thyself4 ,another    
kind of mad men there is opposite to    
these1 that are insensibly mad1 and know
 not of it1 such as contemn all praise  
and glory1 think themselves most free1  
when as indeed they are most mad3       
calcant sed alio fastu3 a company of    
cynics1 such as are monks1 hermits1     
anchorites1 that contemn the world1     
contemn themselves1 contemn all titles1 
honours1 offices3 and yet in that       
contempt are more proud than any man    
living whatsoever4 ,they are proud in   
humility1 proud in that they are not    
proud1 saepe homo de vanae gloriae      
contemptu1 vanius gloriatur1 as ,austin 
hath it1 confess4 lib4 #aj1 cap4 #ch1   
like ,diogenes1 intus gloriantur1 they  
brag inwardly1 and feed themselves fat  

with a self-conceit of sanctity1 which  
is no better than hypocrisy4 ,they go in
 sheep's russet1 many great men that    
might maintain themselves in cloth of   
gold1 and seem to be dejected1 humble by
 their outward carriage1 when as        
inwardly they are swollen full of pride1
 arrogancy1 and self-conceit4 ,and      
therefore ,seneca adviseth his friend   
,lucilius1 #aide;in his attire and      
gesture1 outward actions1 especially to 
avoid all such things as are more       
notable in themselves3 as a rugged      
attire1 hirsute head1 horrid beard1     
contempt of money1 coarse lodging1 and  
whatsoever leads to fame that opposite  
way4 ,all this madness yet proceeds from
 ourselves1 the main engine which       
batters us is from others1 we are merely
 passive in this business3 from a       
company of parasites and flatterers1    
that with immoderate praise1 and bombast
 epithets1 glossing titles1 false       
eulogiums1 so bedaub and applaud1 gild  
over many a silly and undeserving man1  

that they clap him quite out of his     
wits4 ,res imprimis violenta est1 as    
,hierom notes1 this common applause is a
 most violent thing1 laudum placenta1 a 
drum1 fife1 and trumpet cannot so       
animate2 that fattens men1 erects and   
dejects them in an instant4 #aidf ,palma
 negata macrum1 donata reducit opimum4  
,it makes them fat and lean1 as frost   
doth conies4 #aidg;,and who is that     
mortal man that can so contain himself1 
that if he be immoderately commended and
 applauded1 will not be moved8 ,let him 
be what he will1 those parasites will   
overturn him3 if he be a king1 he is one
 of the nine worthies1 more than a man1 
a god forthwith1--#aidh;edictum ,domini 
,deique nostri3 and they will sacrifice 
unto him1 #aidi------;divinos si tu     
patiaris honores1 ,ultro ipsi dabimus   
meritasque sacrabimus aras4  ,if he be a
 soldier1 then ,themistocles1           
,epaminondas1 ,hector1 ,achilles1 duo   
fulmina belli1 triumviri terrarum1 c41  
and the valour of both ,scipios is too  

little for him1 he is invictissimus1    
serenissimus1 multis trophaeus          
ornatissimus1 naturae1 dominus1 although
 he be lepus galeatus1 indeed a very    
coward1 a milk-sop1 #aiej;and as he said
 of ,xerxes1 postremus in pugna1 primus 
in fuga1 and such a one as never durst  
look his enemy in the face4 ,if he be a 
big man1 then is he a ,samson1 another  
,hercules2 if he pronounce a speech1    
another ,tully or ,demosthenes2 as of   
,herod in the ,acts1 the voice of ,god  
and not of man3 if he can make a verse1 
,homer1 ,virgil1 c41 ,and then my silly 
weak patient takes all these eulogiums  
to himself2 if he be a scholar so       
commended for his much reading1         
excellent style1 method1 c41 he will    
eviscerate himself like a spider1 study 
to death1 ,laudatas ostendit avis       
,junonia pennas1 peacock-like he will   
display all his feathers4 ,if he be a   
soldier1 and so applauded1 his valour   
extolled1 though it be impar congressus1
 as that of ,troilus and ,achilles1     

,infelix puer1 he will combat with a    
giant1 run first upon a breach1 as      
another #aiea,philippus1 he will ride   
into the thickest of his enemies4       
,commend his housekeeping1 and he will  
beggar himself2 commend his temperance1 
he will starve himself4 ------laudataque
 virtus ,crescit1 et immensum gloria    
calcar habet4#aieb  he is mad1 mad1 mad1
 no woe with him3--impatiens consortis  
erit1 he will over the #aiec;,alps to be
 talked of1 or to maintain his credit4  
,commend an ambitious man1 some proud   
prince or potentate1 si plus aequo      
laudetur 7saith #aied;,erasmus7 cristas 
erigit1 exuit hominem1 ,deum se putat1  
he sets up his crest1 and will be no    
longer a man but a ,god4                
#aiee------nihil est quod credere de se 
,non audet quum laudatur diis aequa     
potestas4#aief  ,how did this work with 
,alexander1 that would needs be         
,jupiter's son1 and go like ,hercules in
 a lion's skin8 ,domitian a god1        
#aieg7;,dominus ,deus noster sic fieri  

jubet17 like the #aieh,persian kings1   
whose image was adored by all that came 
into the city of ,babylon4 ,commodus the
 emperor was so gulled by his flattering
 parasites1 that he must be called      
,hercules4 #aiei;,antonius the ,roman   
would be crowned with ivy1 carried in a 
chariot1 and adored for ,bacchus4       
,cotys1 king of ,thrace1 was married to 
#aifj ,minerva1 and sent three several  
messengers one after another1 to see if 
she were come to his bedchamber4 ,such a
 one was #aifa;,jupiter ,menecrates1    
,maximinus1 ,jovianus1 ,dioclesianus    
,herculeus1 ,sapor the ,persian king1   
brother of the sun and moon1 and our    
modern ,turks1 that will be gods on     
earth1 kings of kings1 ,god's shadow1   
commanders of all that may be commanded1
 our kings of ,china and ,tartary in    
this present age4 ,such a one was       
,xerxes1 that would whip the sea1 fetter
 ,neptune1 stulta jactantia1 and send a 
challenge to ,mount ,athos2 and such are
 many sottish princes1 brought into a   

fool's paradise by their parasites1 'tis
 a common humour1 incident to all men1  
when they are in great places1 or come  
to the solstice of honour1 have done1 or
 deserved well1 to applaud and flatter  
themselves4 ,stultitiam suam produnt1   
c41 7saith #aifb,platerus7 your very    
tradesmen if they be excellent1 will    
crack and brag1 and show their folly in 
excess4 ,they have good parts1 and they 
know it1 you need not tell them of it2  
out of a conceit of their worth1 they go
 smiling to themselves1 a perpetual     
meditation of their trophies and        
plaudits1 they run at last quite mad1   
and lose their wits4#aifc,petrarch1 lib4
 #a de contemptu mundi1 confessed as    
much of himself1 and ,cardan1 in his    
fifth book of wisdom1 gives an instance 
in a smith of ,milan1 a fellow-citizen  
of his1 #aifdone ,galeus de ,rubeis1    
that being commended for refining of an 
instrument of ,archimedes1 for joy ran  
mad4 ,plutarch in the life of           
,artaxerxes1 hath such a like story of  

one ,chamus1 a soldier1 that wounded    
king ,cyrus in battle1 and grew         
thereupon so #aife;arrogant1 that in a  
short space after he lost his wits4 ,so 
many men1 if any new honour1 office1    
preferment1 booty1 treasure1 possession1
 or patrimony1 ex insperato fall unto   
them for immoderate joy1 and continual  
meditation of it1 cannot sleep #aiffor  
tell what they say or do1 they are so   
ravished on a sudden2 and with vain     
conceits transported1 there is no rule  
with them4 ,epaminondas1 therefore1 the 
next day after his ,leuctrian victory1  
#aifg;came abroad all squalid and       
submiss1 and gave no other reason to his
 friends of so doing1 than that he      
perceived himself the day before1 by    
reason of his good fortune1 to be too   
insolent1 overmuch joyed4 ,that wise and
 virtuous lady1 #aifh,queen ,katherine1 
,dowager of ,england1 in private talk1  
upon like occasion1 said1 that #aifishe 
would not willingly endure the extremity
 of either fortune2 but if it were so1  

that of necessity she must undergo the  
one1 she would be in adversity1 because 
comfort was never wanting in it1 but    
still counsel and government were       
defective in the other3 they could not  
moderate themselves4  ,,subsect4        
,,xv4--,love of ,learning1 or overmuch  
study4 ,with a ,digression of the misery
 of ,scholars1 and why the ,muses are   
,melancholy4  ,leonartus ,fuchsius      
,instit4 lib4 iii4 sect4 #a4 cap4 #a4   
,felix ,plater1 lib4 iii4 de mentis     
alienat4 ,herc4 de ,saxonia1 ,tract4    
post4 de melanch4 cap4 #c1 speak of a   
#aigjpeculiar fury1 which comes by      
overmuch study4 ,fernelius1 lib4 #a1    
cap4 #ah1 #aigaputs study1              
contemplation1 and continual meditation1
 as an especial cause of madness3 and in
 his #hf consul4 cites the same words4  
,jo4 ,arculanus1 in lib4 #i1 ,rhasis ad 
,alnansorem1 cap4 #af1 amongst other    
causes reckons up studium vehemens3 so  
doth ,levinus ,lemnius1 lib4 de occul4  
nat4 mirac4 lib4 #a1 cap4 #af4          

#aigb,many men 7saith he7 come to this  
malady by continual #aigcstudy1 and     
night-waking1 and of all other men1     
scholars are most subject to it3 and    
such ,rhasis adds1 #aigdthat have       
commonly the finest wits4 ,cont4 lib4   
#a1 tract4 #i1 ,marsilius ,ficinus1 de  
sanit4 tuenda1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #g1 puts   
melancholy amongst one of those five    
principal plagues of students1 'tis a   
common ,maul unto them all1 and almost  
in some measure an inseparable          
companion4 ,varro belike for that cause 
calls ,tristes ,philosophos et severos1 
severe1 sad1 dry1 tetric1 are common    
epithets to scholars3 and               
#aige,patritius therefore1 in the       
institution of princes1 would not have  
them to be great students4 ,for 7as     
,machiavel holds7 study weakens their   
bodies1 dulls the spirits1 abates their 
strength and courage2 and good scholars 
are never good soldiers1 which a certain
 ,goth well perceived1 for when his     
countrymen came into ,greece1 and would 

have burned all their books1 he cried   
out against it1 by no means they should 
do it1 #aigf leave them that plague1    
which in time will consume all their    
vigour1 and martial spirits4 ,the       
#aigg,turks abdicated ,cornutus the next
 heir from the empire1 because he was so
 much given to his book3 and 'tis the   
common tenet of the world1 that learning
 dulls and diminisheth the spirits1 and 
so per consequens produceth melancholy4 
,two main reasons may be given of it1   
why students should be more subject to  
this malady than others4 ,the one is1   
they live a sedentary1 solitary life1   
sibi et musis1 free from bodily         
exercise1 and those ordinary disports   
which other men use3 and many times if  
discontent and idleness concur with it1 
which is too frequent1 they are         
precipitated into this gulf on a sudden3
 but the common cause is overmuch study2
 too much learning 7as #aigh;,festus    
told ,paul7 hath made thee mad2 'tis    
that other extreme which effects it4 ,so

 did ,trincavelius1 lib4 #a1 consil4 #ab
 and #ac1 find by his experience1 in two
 of his patients1 a young baron1 and    
another that contracted this malady by  
too vehement study4 ,so ,forestus1      
observat4 l4 #aj1 observ4 #ac1 in a     
young divine in ,louvain1 that was mad1 
and said #aigi;he had a ,bible in his   
head3 ,marsilius ,ficinus de sanit4     
tuend4 lib4 #a1 cap4 #a1 #c1 #d1 and    
lib4 #b1 cap4 #af1 gives many reasons1  
#aihj why students dote more often than 
others4 ,the first is their negligence2 
#aihaother men look to their tools1 a   
painter will wash his pencils1 a smith  
will look to his hammer1 anvil1 forge2 a
 husbandman will mend his plough-irons1 
and grind his hatchet if it be dull2 a  
falconer or huntsman will have an       
especial care of his hawks1 hounds1     
horses1 dogs1 c42 a musician will string
 and unstring his lute1 c42 only        
scholars neglect that instrument1 their 
brain and spirits 7,i mean7 which they  
daily use1 and by which they range      

overall the world1 which by much study  
is consumed4 ,vide 7saith ,lucian7 ne   
funiculum nimis intendendo aliquando    
abrumpas3 ,see thou twist not the rope  
so hard1 till at length it #aihb;break4 
,facinus in his fourth chap4 gives some 
other reasons2 ,saturn and ,mercury1 the
 patrons of learning1 they are both dry 
planets3 and ,origanus assigns the same 
cause1 why ,mercurialists are so poor1  
and most part beggars2 for that their   
president ,mercury had no better fortune
 himself4 ,the destinies of old put     
poverty upon him as a punishment2 since 
when1 poetry and beggary are ,gemelli1  
twin-born brats1 inseparable companions2
 #aihc;,and to this day is every scholar
 poor2 ,gross gold from them runs       
headlong to the boor3  ,mercury can help
 them to knowledge1 but not to money4   
,the second is contemplation1 #aihdwhich
 dries the brain and extinguisheth      
natural heat2 for whilst the spirits are
 intent to meditation above in the head1
 the stomach and liver are left         

destitute1 and thence come black blood  
and crudities by defect of concoction1  
and for want of exercise the superfluous
 vapours cannot exhale1 c4 ,the same    
reasons are repeated by ,gomesius1 lib4 
#d1 cap4 #a1 de sale #aihe,nymannus     
orat4 de ,imag4 ,jo4 ,voschius1 lib4 #b1
 cap4 #e1 de peste3 and something more  
they add1 that hard students are        
commonly troubled with gouts1 catarrhs1 
rheums1 cachexia1 bradiopepsia1 bad     
eyes1 stone and colic1 #aihf;crudities1 
oppilations1 vertigo1 winds1            
consumptions1 and all such diseases as  
come by overmuch sitting2 they are most 
part lean1 dry1 ill-coloured1 spend     
their fortunes1 lose their wits1 and    
many times their lives1 and all through 
immoderate pains1 and extraordinary     
studies4 ,if you will not believe the   
truth of this1 look upon great ,tostatus
 and ,thomas ,aquinas's works1 and tell 
me whether those men took pains8 peruse 
,austin1 ,hierom1 c41 and many thousands
 besides4 ,qui cupit optatam cursu      

contingere metam1 ,multa tulit1 fecitque
 puer1 sudavit et alsit4  ,he that      
desires this wished goal to gain1 ,must 
sweat and freeze before he can attain1  
and labour hard for it4 ,so did ,seneca1
 by his own confession1 ep4 #h4         
#aihg,not a day that ,i spend idle1 part
 of the night ,i keep mine eyes open1   
tired with waking1 and now slumbering to
 their continual task4 ,hear ,tully pro 
,archia ,poeta3 whilst others loitered1 
and took their pleasures1 he was        
continually at his book1 so they do that
 will be scholars1 and that to the      
hazard 7,i say7 of their healths1       
fortunes1 wits1 and lives4 ,how much did
 ,aristotle and ,ptolemy spend8 unius   
regni precium they say1 more than a     
king's ransom2 how many crowns per      
annum1 to perfect arts1 the one about   
his ,history of ,creatures1 the other on
 his ,almagest8 ,how much time did      
,thebet ,benchorat employ1 to find out  
the motion of the eighth sphere8 forty  
years and more1 some write3 how many    

poor scholars have lost their wits1 or  
become dizzards1 neglecting all worldly 
affairs and their own health1 wealth1   
esse and bene esse1 to gain knowledge   
for which1 after all their pains1 in    
this world's esteem they are accounted  
ridiculous and silly fools1 idiots1     
asses1 and 7as oft they are7 rejected1  
contemned1 derided1 doting1 and mad4    
,look for examples in ,hildesheim       
spicel4 #b1 de mania et delirio3 read   
,trincavellius1 l4 #c4 consil4 #cf1 et  
c4 #ag4 ,montanus1 consil4 #bcc4        
#aihh;,garceus de ,judic4 genit4 cap4   
#cc4 ,mercurialis1 consil4 #hf1 cap4    
#be4 ,prosper #aihi;,calenius in his    
,book de atra bile2 ,go to ,bedlam and  
ask4 ,or if they keep their wits1 yet   
they are esteemed scrubs and fools by   
reason of their carriage3 after seven   
years' study ------statua1 taciturnius  
exit1 ,plerumque et risum populi        
quatit4------  ,he becomes more silent  
than a statue1 and generally excites    
people's laughter4 ,because they cannot 

ride a horse1 which every clown can do2 
salute and court a gentlewoman1 carve at
 table1 cringe and make conges1 which   
every common swasher can do1 #aiij;hos  
populus ridet1 c41 they are laughed to  
scorn1 and accounted silly fools by our 
gallants4 ,yea1 many times1 such is     
their misery1 they deserve it3 #aiia;a  
mere scholar1 a mere ass4 #aiib,obstipo 
capite1 et figentes lumine terram1      
,murmura cum secum1 et rabiosa silentia 
rodunt1 ,atque experrecto trutinantur   
verba labello1 ,aegroti veteris         
meditantes somnia1 gigni ,de nihilo     
nihilum2 in nihilum nil posse reverti4  
#aiic------who do lean awry ,their      
heads1 piercing the earth with a fixt   
eye2 ,when1 by themselves1 they gnaw    
their murmuring1 ,and furious silence1  
as 'twere balancing ,each word upon     
their out-stretched lip1 and when ,they 
meditate the dreams of old sick men1    
,as1 ',out of nothing1 nothing can be   
brought2 ,and that which is1 can ne'er  
be turn'd to nought4'  ,thus they go    

commonly meditating unto themselves1    
thus they sit1 such is their action and 
gesture4 ,fulgosus1 l4 #h1 c4 #g1 makes 
mention how ,th4 ,aquinas supping with  
king ,lewis of ,france1 upon a sudden   
knocked his fist upon the table1 and    
cried1 conclusum est contra ,manichaeos1
 his wits were a wool-gathering1 as they
 say1 and his head busied about other   
matters1 when he perceived his error1 he
 was much #aiid;abashed4 ,such a story  
there is of ,archimedes in ,vitruvius1  
that having found out the means to know 
how much gold was mingled with the      
silver in king ,hieron's crown1 ran     
naked forth of the bath and cried 1 ,i  
have found3 #aiie;and was commonly so   
intent to his studies1 that he never    
perceived what was done about him3 when 
the city was taken1 and the soldiers now
 ready to rifle his house1 he took no   
notice of it4 ,st4 ,bernard rode all day
 long by the ,lemnian lake1 and asked at
 last where he was1 ,marullus1 lib4 #b1 
cap4 #d4 ,it was ,democritus's carriage 

alone that made the ,abderites suppose  
him to have been mad1 and send for      
,hippocrates to cure him3 if he had been
 in any solemn company1 he would upon   
all occasions fall a laughing4          
,theophrastus saith as much of          
,heraclitus1 for that he continually    
wept1 and ,laertius of ,menedemus       
,lampsacus1 because he ran like a       
madman1 #aiifsaying1 he came from hell  
as a spy1 to tell the devils what mortal
 men did4 ,your greatest students are   
commonly no better1 silly1 soft fellows 
in their outward behaviour1 absurd1     
ridiculous to others1 and no whit       
experienced in worldly business2 they   
can measure the heavens1 range over the 
world1 teach others wisdom1 and yet in  
bargains and contracts they are         
circumvented by every base tradesman4   
,are not these men fools8 and how should
 they be otherwise1 but as so many sots 
in schools1 when 7as #aiig;he well      
observed7 they neither hear nor see such
 things as are commonly practised       

abroad8 how should they get experience1 
by what means8 #aiih;,i knew in my time 
many scholars1 saith ,aeneas ,sylvius   
7in an epistle of his to ,gasper        
,scitick1 chancellor to the emperor71   
excellent well learned1 but so rude1 so 
silly1 that they had no common civility1
 nor knew how to manage their domestic  
or public affairs4 ,paglarensis was     
amazed1 and said his farmer had surely  
cozened him1 when he heard him tell that
 his sow had eleven pigs1 and his ass   
had but one foal4 ,to say the best of   
this profession1 ,i can give no other   
testimony of them in general1 than that 
of ,pliny of ,isaeus2 #aiii;,he is yet a
 scholar1 than which kind of men there  
is nothing so simple1 so sincere1 none  
better1 they are most part harmless1    
honest1 upright1 innocent1 plain-dealing
 men4 ,now because they are commonly    
subject to such hazards and             
inconveniences as dotage1 madness1      
simplicity1 c4 ,jo4 ,voschius would have
 good scholars to be highly rewarded1   

and had in some extraordinary respect   
above other men1 to have greater        
#bjjjprivileges than the rest1 that     
adventure themselves and abbreviate     
their lives for the public good4 ,but   
our patrons of learning are so far      
nowadays from respecting the muses1 and 
giving that honour to scholars1 or      
reward which they deserve1 and are      
allowed by those indulgent privileges of
 many noble princes1 that after all     
their pains taken in the universities1  
cost and charge1 expenses1 irksome      
hours1 laborious tasks1 wearisome days1 
dangers1 hazards1 7barred interim from  
all pleasures which other men have1     
mewed up like hawks all their lives7 if 
they chance to wade through them1 they  
shall in the end be rejected1 contemned1
 and which is their greatest misery1    
driven to their shifts1 exposed to want1
 poverty1 and beggary4 ,their familiar  
attendants are1 #bjja,pallentes morbi1  
luctus1 curaeque laborque ,et metus1 et 
malesuada fames1 et turpis egestas1     

,terribiles visu formae------  ,grief1  
labour1 care1 pale sickness1 miseries1  
,fear1 filthy poverty1 hunger that      
cries1 ,terrible monsters to be seen    
with eyes4  ,if there were nothing else 
to trouble them1 the conceit of this    
alone were enough to make them all      
melancholy4 ,most other trades and      
professions1 after some seven years'    
apprenticeship1 are enabled by their    
craft to live of themselves4 ,a merchant
 adventures his goods at sea1 and though
 his hazard be great1 yet if one ship   
return of four1 he likely makes a saving
 voyage4 ,an husbandman's gains are     
almost certain2 quibus ipse ,jupiter    
nocere non potest 7whom ,jove himself   
can't harm7 7'tis #bjjb;,cato's         
hyperbole1 a great husband himself72    
only scholars methinks are most         
uncertain1 unrespected1 subject to all  
casualties1 and hazards4 ,for first1 not
 one of a many proves to be a scholar1  
all are not capable and docile1 #bjjc;ex
 omniligno non fit ,mercurius3 we can   

make majors and officers every year1 but
 not scholars3 kings can invest knights 
and barons1 as ,sigismund the emperor   
confessed2 universities can give        
degrees2 and ,tu quod es1 e populo      
quilibet esse potest2 but he nor they1  
nor all the world1 can give learning1   
make philosophers1 artists1 orators1    
poets2 we can soon say1 as ,seneca well 
notes1 ,o virum bonum1 o divitem1 point 
at a rich man1 a good1 a happy man1 a   
prosperous man1 sumptuose vestitum1     
,calamistratum1 bene olentem1 magno     
temporis impendio constat haec laudatio1
 o virum literarum1 but 'tis not so     
easily performed to find out a learned  
man4 ,learning is not so quickly got1   
though they may be willing to take      
pains1 to that end sufficiently         
informed1 and liberally maintained by   
their patrons and parents1 yet few can  
compass it4 ,or if they be docile1 yet  
all men's wills are not answerable to   
their wits1 they can apprehend1 but will
 not take pains2 they are either seduced

 by bad companions1 vel in puellam      
impingunt1 vel in poculum 7they fall in 
with women or wine7 and so spend their  
time to their friends' grief and their  
own undoings4 ,or put case they be      
studious1 industrious1 of ripe wits1 and
 perhaps good capacities1 then how many 
diseases of body and mind must they     
encounter8 ,no labour in the world like 
unto study4 ,it may be1 their           
temperature will not endure it1 but     
striving to be excellent to know all1   
they lose health1 wealth1 wit1 life and 
all4 ,let him yet happily escape all    
these hazards1 aereis intestinis with a 
body of brass1 and is now consummate and
 ripe1 he hath profited in his studies1 
and proceeded with all applause3 after  
many expenses1 he is fit for preferment1
 where shall he have it8 he is as far to
 seek it as he was 7after twenty years' 
standing7 at the first day of his coming
 to the ,university4 ,for what course   
shall he take1 being now capable and    
ready8 ,the most parable and easy1 and  

about which many are employed1 is to    
teach a school1 turn lecturer or curate1
 and for that he shall have falconer's  
wages1 ten pound per annum1 and his     
diet1 or some small stipend1 so long as 
he can please his patron or the parish2 
if they approve him not 7for usually    
they do but a year or two7 as           
inconstant1 as #bjjdthey that cried     
,hosanna one day1 and ,crucify him the  
other2 serving-man-like1 he must go look
 a new master2 if they do1 what is his  
reward8 #bjje;,hoc quoque te manet ut   
pueros elementa docentem ,occupet       
extremis in vicis alba senectus4  ,at   
last thy snow-white age in suburb       
schools1 ,shall toil in teaching boys   
their grammar rules4  ,like an ass1 he  
wears out his time for provender1 and   
can show a stump rod1 togam tritam et   
laceram saith #bjjf;,haedus1 an old torn
 gown1 an ensign of his infelicity1 he  
hath his labour for his pain1 a modicum 
to keep him till he be decrepit1 and    
that is all4 ,grammaticus non est felix1

 c4 ,if he be a trencher chaplain in a  
gentleman's house1 as it befell #bjjg   
,euphormio1 after some seven years'     
service1 he may perchance have a living 
to the halves1 or some small rectory    
with the mother of the maids at length1 
a poor kinswoman1 or a cracked          
chambermaid1 to have and to hold during 
the time of his life4 ,but if he offend 
his good patron1 or displease his lady  
mistress in the mean time1              
#bjjh;,ducetur ,planta velut ictus ab   
,hercule ,cacus1 ,poneturque foras1 si  
quid tentaverit unquam ,hiscere------   
as ,hercules did by ,cacus1 he shall be 
dragged forth of doors by the heels1    
away with him4 ,if he bend his forces to
 some other studies1 with an intent to  
be a secretis to some nobleman1 or in   
such a place with an ambassador1 he     
shall find that these persons rise like 
apprentices one under another1 and in so
 many tradesmen's shops1 when the master
 is dead1 the foreman of the shop       
commonly steps in his place4 ,now for   

poets1 rhetoricians1 historians1        
philosophers1 #bjjimathematicians1      
sophisters1 c42 they are like           
grasshoppers1 sing they must in summer1 
and pine in the winter1 for there is no 
preferment for them4 ,even so they were 
at first1 if you will believe that      
pleasant tale of ,socrates1 which he    
told fair ,phaedrus under a plane-tree1 
at the banks of the river ,iseus2 about 
noon when it was hot1 and the           
grasshoppers made a noise1 he took that 
sweet occasion to tell him a tale1 how  
grasshoppers were once scholars1        
musicians1 poets1 c41 before the ,muses 
were born1 and lived without meat and   
drink1 and for that cause were turned by
 ,jupiter into grasshoppers4 ,and may be
 turned again1 ,in ,tythoni ,cicadas1   
aut ,lyciorum ranas1 for any reward ,i  
see they are like to have3 or else in   
the mean time1 ,i would they could live1
 as they did1 without any viaticum1 like
 so many #bjajmanucodiatae1 those       
,indian birds of paradise1 as we        

commonly call them1 those ,i mean that  
live with the air and dew of heaven1 and
 need no other food2 for being as they  
are1 their #bjaarhetoric only serves    
them to curse their bad fortunes1 and   
many of them for want of means are      
driven to hard shifts2 from grasshoppers
 they turn humble-bees and wasps1 plain 
parasites1 and make the muses1 mules1 to
 satisfy their hunger-starved paunches1 
and get a meal's meat4 ,to say truth1   
'tis the common fortune of most         
scholars1 to be servile and poor1 to    
complain pitifully1 and lay open their  
wants to their respectless patrons1 as  
#bjab;,cardan doth1 as #bjac,xilander   
and many others3 and which is too common
 in those dedicatory epistles1 for hope 
of gain1 to lie1 flatter1 and with      
hyperbolical eulogiums and              
commendations1 to magnify and extol an  
illiterate unworthy idiot1 for his      
excellent virtues1 whom they should     
rather1 as #bjad,machiavel observes1    
vilify1 and rail at downright for his   

most notorious villainies and vices4 ,so
 they prostitute themselves as fiddlers1
 or mercenary tradesmen1 to serve great 
men's turns for a small reward4 ,they   
are like #bjae;,indians1 they have store
 of gold1 but know not the worth of it3 
for ,i am of ,synesius's opinion1       
#bjaf,king ,hieron got more by          
,simonides' acquaintance1 than          
,simonides did by his2 they have their  
best education1 good institution1 sole  
qualification from us1 and when they    
have done well1 their honour and        
immortality from us3 we are the living  
tombs1 registers1 and as so many        
trumpeters of their fames3 what was     
,achilles without ,homer8 ,alexander    
without ,arian and ,curtius8 who had    
known the ,caesars1 but for ,suetonius  
and ,dion8 #bjag,vixerunt fortes ante   
,agamemnona ,multi3 sed omnes           
illachrymabiles ,urgentur1 ignotique    
longa ,nocte1 carent quia vate sacro4   
,before great ,agamemnon reign'd1       
,reign'd kings as great as he1 and      

brave1  ,whose huge ambition's now      
contain'd ,in the small compass of a    
grave3  ,in endless night1 they sleep1  
unwept1 unknown1 ,no bard they had to   
make all time their own4  they are more 
beholden to scholars1 than scholars to  
them2 but they undervalue themselves1   
and so by those great men are kept down4
 ,let them have that encyclopaedian1 all
 the learning in the world2 they must   
keep it to themselves1 #bjahlive in base
 esteem1 and starve1 except they will   
submit1 as ,budaeus well hath it1 so    
many good parts1 so many ensigns of     
arts1 virtues1 be slavishly obnoxious to
 some illiterate potentate1 and live    
under his insolent worship1 or honour1  
like parasites1 ,qui tanquam mures      
alienum panem comedunt4 ,for to say     
truth1 artes hae1 non sunt ,lucrativae1 
as ,guido ,bonat that great astrologer  
could foresee1 they be not gainful arts 
these1 sed esurientes et famelicae1 but 
poor and hungry4  #bjai;,dat ,galenus   
opes1 dat ,justinianus honores1 ,sed    

genus et species cogitur ire pedes3     
,the rich physician1 honour'd lawyers   
ride1 ,whilst the poor scholar foots it 
by their side4  ,poverty is the muses'  
patrimony1 and as that poetical divinity
 teacheth us1 when ,jupiter's daughters 
were each of them married to the gods1  
the muses alone were left solitary1     
,helicon forsaken of all suitors1 and ,i
 believe it was1 because they had no    
portion4  ,calliope longum caelebs cur  
vixit in aevum8 ,nempe nihil dotis1 quod
 numeraret1 erat4   ,why did ,calliope  
live so long a maid8 ,because she had no
 dowry to be paid4  ,ever since all     
their followers are poor1 forsaken and  
left unto themselves4 ,insomuch1 that as
 #bjbj,petronius argues1 you shall      
likely know them by their clothes4      
,there came1 saith he1 by chance into my
 company1 a fellow not very spruce to   
look on1 that ,i could perceive by that 
note alone he was a scholar1 whom       
commonly rich men hate3 ,i asked him    
what he was1 he answered1 a poet3 ,i    

demanded again why he was so ragged1 he 
told me this kind of learning never made
 any man rich4 #bjba,qui ,pelago credit1
 magno se faenore tollit1 ,qui pugnas et
 rostra petit1 praecingitur auro3 ,vilis
 adulator picto jacet ebrius ostro1     
,sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis4 
,a merchant's gain is great1 that goes  
to sea2 ,a soldier embossed all in gold2
  ,a flatterer lies fox'd in brave      
array2 ,a scholar only ragged to behold4
  ,all which our ordinary students1     
right well perceiving in the            
universities1 how unprofitable these    
poetical1 mathematical1 and             
philosophical studies are1 how little   
respected1 how few patrons2 apply       
themselves in all haste to those three  
commodious professions of law1 physic1  
and divinity1 sharing themselves between
 them1 #bjbbrejecting these arts in the 
mean time1 history1 philosophy1         
philology1 or lightly passing them over1
 as pleasant toys fitting only          
table-talk1 and to furnish them with    

discourse4 ,they are not so behoveful3  
he that can tell his money hath         
arithmetic enough3 he is a true         
geometrician1 can measure out a good    
fortune to himself2 a perfect           
astrologer1 that can cast the rise and  
fall of others1 and mark their errant   
motions to his own use4 ,the best optics
 are1 to reflect the beams of some great
 man's favour and grace to shine upon   
him4 ,he is a good engineer that alone  
can make an instrument to get           
preferment4 ,this was the common tenet  
and practice of ,poland1 as ,cromerus   
observed not long since1 in the first   
book of his history2 their universities 
were generally base1 not a philosopher1 
a mathematician1 an antiquary1 c41 to be
 found of any note amongst them1 because
 they had no set reward or stipend1 but 
every man betook himself to divinity1   
hoc solum in votis habens1 opimum       
sacerdotium1 a good parsonage was their 
aim4 ,this was the practice of some of  
our near neighbours1 as #bjbc,lipsius   

inveighs1 they thrust their children to 
the study of law and divinity1 before   
they be informed aright1 or capable of  
such studies4 ,scilicet omnibus artibus 
antistat spes lucri1 et formosior est   
cumulus auri1 quam quicquid ,graeci     
,latinique delirantes scripserunt4 ,ex  
hoc numero deinde veniunt ad gubernacula
 reipub4 intersunt et praesunt consiliis
 regum1 o pater1 o patria8 so he        
complained1 and so may others4 ,for even
 so we find1 to serve a great man1 to   
get an office in some bishop's court 7to
 practise in some good town7 or compass 
a benefice1 is the mark we shoot at1 as 
being so advantageous1 the highway to   
preferment4 ,although many times1 for   
aught ,i can see1 these men fail as     
often as the rest in their projects1 and
 are as usually frustrate of their      
hopes4 ,for let him be a doctor of the  
law1 an excellent civilian of good      
worth1 where shall he practise and      
expatiate8 ,their fields are so scant1  
the civil law with us so contracted with

 prohibitions1 so few causes1 by reason 
of those all-devouring municipal laws1  
quibus nihil illiteratius1 saith #bjbd  
,erasmus1 an illiterate and a barbarous 
study1 7for though they be never so well
 learned in it1 ,i can hardly vouchsafe 
them the name of scholars1 except they  
be otherwise qualified7 and so few      
courts are left to that profession1 such
 slender offices1 and those commonly to 
be compassed at such dear rates1 that ,i
 know not how an ingenious man should   
thrive amongst them4 ,now for           
physicians1 there are in every village  
so many mountebanks1 empirics1          
quacksalvers1 ,paracelsians1 as they    
call themselves1 ,caucifici et sanicidae
 so #bjbe;,clenard terms them1 wizards1 
alchemists1 poor vicars1 cast           
apothecaries1 physicians' men1 barbers1 
and good wives1 professing great skill1 
that ,i make great doubt how they shall 
be maintained1 or who shall be their    
patients4 ,besides1 there are so many of
 both sorts1 and some of them such      

harpies1 so covetous1 so clamorous1 so  
impudent2 and as #bjbf;he said1         
litigious idiots1  ,quibus loquacis     
affatim arrogantiae est ,pentiae parum  
aut nihil1  ,nec ulla mica literarii    
salis1 ,crumenimulga natio3             
,loquuteleia turba1 litium strophae1    
,maligna litigantium cohors1 togati     
vultures1  ,lavernae alumni1 ,agyrtae1  
c4   ,which have no skill but prating   
arrogance1 ,no learning1 such a         
purse-milking nation3  ,gown'd vultures1
 thieves1 and a litigious rout ,of      
cozeners1 that haunt this occupation1   
that they cannot well tell how to live  
one by another1 but as he jested in the 
,comedy of ,clocks1 they were so many1  
#bjbgmajor pars populi arida reptant    
fame1 they are almost starved a great   
part of them1 and ready to devour their 
fellows1 #bjbh;,et noxia callidilate se 
corripere1 such a multitude of          
pettifoggers and empirics1 such         
impostors1 that an honest man knows not 
in what sort to compose and behave      

himself in their society1 to carry      
himself with credit in so vile a rout1  
scientiae nomen1 tot sumptibus partum et
 vigiliis1 profiteri dispudeat1         
postquam1 c4 ,last of all to come to our
 divines1 the most noble profession and 
worthy of double honour1 but of all     
others the most distressed and          
miserable4 ,if you will not believe me1 
hear a brief of it1 as it was not many  
years since publicly preached at ,paul's
 cross1 #bjbi;by a grave minister then1 
and now a reverend bishop of this land3 
,we that are bred up in learning1 and   
destinated by our parents to this end1  
we suffer our childhood in the          
grammar-school1 which ,austin calls     
magnam tyrannidem1 et grave malum1 and  
compares it to the torments of          
martyrdom2 when we come to the          
university1 if we live of the college   
allowance1 as ,phalaris objected to the 
,leontines1       1 needy of all things 
but hunger and fear1 or if we be        
maintained but partly by our parents'   

cost1 do expend in unnecessary          
maintenance1 books and degrees1 before  
we come to any perfection1 five hundred 
pounds1 or a thousand marks4 ,if by this
 price of the expense of time1 our      
bodies and spirits1 our substance and   
patrimonies1 we cannot purchase those   
small rewards1 which are ours by law1   
and the right of inheritance1 a poor    
parsonage1 or a vicarage of #ejl4 per   
annum1 but we must pay to the patron for
 the lease of a life 7a spent and       
out-worn life7 either in annual pension1
 or above the rate of a copyhold1 and   
that with the hazard and loss of our    
souls1 by simony and perjury1 and the   
forfeiture of all our spiritual         
preferments1 in esse and posse1 both    
present and to come4 ,what father after 
a while will be so improvident to bring 
up his son to his great charge1 to this 
necessary beggary8 ,what ,christian will
 be so irreligious1 to bring up his son 
in that course of life1 which by all    
probability and necessity1 cogit ad     

turpia1 enforcing to sin1 will entangle 
him in simony and perjury1 when as the  
poet said1 ,invitatus ad haec aliquis de
 ponte negabit3 a beggar's brat taken   
from the bridge where he sits a begging1
 if he knew the inconvenience1 had cause
 to refuse it4 ,this being thus1 have   
not we fished fair all this while1 that 
are initiate divines1 to find no better 
fruits of our labours1 #bjcj hoc est cur
 palles1 cur quis non prandeat hoc est8 
do we macerate ourselves for this8 ,is  
it for this we rise so early all the    
year long8 #bjca,leaping 7as he saith7  
out of our beds1 when we hear the bell  
ring1 as if we had heard a thunderclap4 
,if this be all the respect1 reward and 
honour we shall have1 #bjcb;frange leves
 calamos1 et scinde ,thalia libellos3   
let us give over our books1 and betake  
ourselves to some other course of life2 
to what end should we study8 #bjcc,quid 
me litterulas stulti docuere parentes1  
what did our parents mean to make us    
scholars1 to be as far to seek of       

preferment after twenty years' study1 as
 we were at first3 why do we take such  
pains8 ,quid tantum insanis juvat       
impallescere chartis8 ,if there be no   
more hope of reward1 no better          
encouragement1 ,i say again1 ,frange    
leves calamos1 et scinde ,thalia        
libellos2 let's turn soldiers1 sell our 
books1 and buy swords1 guns1 and pikes1 
or stop bottles with them1 turn our     
philosopher's gowns1 as ,cleanthes once 
did1 into millers' coats1 leave all and 
rather betake ourselves to any other    
course of life1 than to continue longer 
in this misery4 #bjcd,praestat          
dentiscalpia radere1 quam literariis    
monumentis magnatum favorem emendicare4 
,yea1 but methinks ,i hear some man     
except at these words1 that though this 
be true which ,i have said of the estate
 of scholars1 and especially of divines1
 that it is miserable and distressed at 
this time1 that the church suffers      
shipwreck of her goods1 and that they   
have just cause to complain2 there is a 

fault1 but whence proceeds it8 ,if the  
cause were justly examined1 it would be 
retorted upon ourselves1 if we were     
cited at that tribunal of truth1 we     
should be found guilty1 and not able to 
excuse it ,that there is a fault among  
us1 ,i confess1 and were there not a    
buyer1 there would not be a seller2 but 
to him that will consider better of it1 
it will more than manifestly appear1    
that the fountain of these miseries     
proceeds from these griping patrons4 ,in
 accusing them1 ,i do not altogether    
excuse us2 both are faulty1 they and we3
 yet in my judgment1 theirs is the      
greater fault1 more apparent causes and 
much to be condemned4 ,for my part1 if  
it be not with me as ,i would1 or as it 
should1 ,i do ascribe the cause1 as     
#bjce;,cardan did in the like case2 meo 
infortunio potius quam illorum sceleri1 
to #bjcfmine own infelicity rather than 
their naughtiness3 although ,i have been
 baffled in my time by some of them1 and
 have as just cause to complain as      

another3 or rather indeed to mine own   
negligence2 for ,i was ever like that   
,alexander in #bjcg,plutarch1 ,crassus  
his tutor in philosophy1 who1 though he 
lived many years familiarly with rich   
,crassus1 was even as poor when from1   
7which many wondered at7 as when he came
 first to him2 he never asked1 the other
 never gave him anything2 when he       
travelled with ,crassus he borrowed a   
hat of him1 at his return restored it   
again4 ,i have had some such noble      
friends' acquaintance and scholars1 but 
most part 7common courtesies and        
ordinary respects excepted7 they and ,i 
parted as we met1 they gave me as much  
as ,i requested1 and that was--,and as  
,alexander ab ,alexandro ,genial4 dier4 
l4 #f4 c4 #af4 made answer to           
,hieronymus ,massainus1 that wondered1  
quum plures ignavos et ignobiles ad     
dignitates et sacerdotia promotos       
quotidie videret1 when other men rose1  
still he was in the same state1 eodem   
tenore et fortuna cui mercedem laborum  

studiorumque deberi putaret1 whom he    
thought to deserve as well as the rest4 
,he made answer1 that he was content    
with his present estate1 was not        
ambitious1 and although objurgabundus   
suam segnitiem accusaret1 cum obscurae  
sortis homines ad sacerdotia et         
pontificatus evectos1 c41 he chid him   
for his backwardness1 yet he was still  
the same3 and for my part 7though ,i be 
not worthy perhaps to carry ,alexander's
 books7 yet by some overweening and     
well-wishing friends1 the like speeches 
have been used to me2 but ,i replied    
still with ,alexander1 that ,i had      
enough1 and more peradventure than ,i   
deserved2 and with ,libanius ,sophista1 
that rather chose 7when honours and     
offices by the emperor were offered unto
 him7 to be talis ,sophista1 quam tails 
,magistratus4 ,i had as lief be still   
,democritus junior1 and privus privatus1
 si mihi jam daretur optio1 quam talis  
fortasse ,doctor1 talis ,dominus4--,sed 
quorsum haec8 ,for the rest 'tis on both

 sides facinus detestandum1 to buy and  
sell livings1 to detain from the church1
 that which ,god's and men's laws have  
bestowed on it2 but in them most1 and   
that from the covetousness and ignorance
 of such as are interested in this      
business2 ,i name covetousness in the   
first place1 as the root of all these   
mischiefs1 which1 ,achan-like1 compels  
them to commit sacrilege1 and to make   
simoniacal compacts1 7and what not7 to  
their own ends1 #bjchthat kindles ,god's
 wrath1 brings a plague1 vengeance1 and 
a heavy visitation upon themselves and  
others4 ,some out of that insatiable    
desire of filthy lucre1 to be enriched1 
care not how they come by it per fas et 
nefas1 hook or crook1 so they have it4  
,and others when they have with riot and
 prodigality embezzled their estates1 to
 recover themselves1 make a prey of the 
church1 robbing it1 as #bjci;,julian the
 apostate did1 spoil parsons of their   
revenues 7in keeping half back1 #bjdj;as
 a great man amongst us observes37 and  

that maintenance on which they should   
live3 by means whereof1 barbarism is    
increased1 and a great decay of         
,christian professors3 for who will     
apply himself to these divine studies1  
his son1 or friend1 when after great    
pains taken1 they shall have nothing    
whereupon to live8 ,but with what event 
do they these things8 #bjda,opesque     
totis viribus venamini ,at inde messis  
accidit miserrima4  ,they toil and moil1
 but what reap they8 ,they are commonly 
unfortunate families that use it1       
accursed in their progeny1 and1 as      
common experience evinceth1 accursed    
themselves in all their proceedings4    
,with what face 7as #bjdb;he quotes out 
of ,aust47 can they expect a blessing or
 inheritance from ,christ in heaven1    
that defraud ,christ of his inheritance 
here on earth8 ,i would all our         
simoniacal patrons1 and such as detain  
tithes1 would read those judicious      
tracts of ,sir ,henry ,spelman1 and ,sir
 ,james ,sempill1 knights2 those late   

elaborate and learned treatises of ,dr4 
,tilslye1 and ,mr4 ,montague1 which they
 have written of that subject4 ,but     
though they should read1 it would be to 
small purpose1 clames licet et mare     
coelo ,confundas2 thunder1 lighten1     
preach hell and damnation1 tell them    
'tis a sin1 they will not believe it2   
denounce and terrify1 they have         
#bjdc;cauterised consciences1 they do   
not attend1 as the enchanted adder1 they
 stop their ears4 ,call them base1      
irreligious1 profane1 barbarous1 pagans1
 atheists1 epicures1 7as some of them   
surely are7 with the bawd in ,plautus1  
,euge1 optime1 they cry and applaud     
themselves with that miser1 #bjddsimul  
ac nummos contemplor in arca3 say what  
you will1 quocunque modo rem3 as a dog  
barks at the moon1 to no purpose are    
your sayings3 ,take your heaven1 let    
them have money4 ,a base1 profane1      
epicurean1 hypocritical rout3 for my    
part1 let them pretend what zeal they   
will1 counterfeit religion1 blear the   

world's eyes1 bombast themselves1 and   
stuff out their greatness with church   
spoils1 shine like so many peacocks2 so 
cold is my charity1 so defective in this
 behalf1 that ,i shall never think      
better of them1 than that they are      
rotten at core1 their bones are full of 
epicurean hypocrisy1 and atheistical    
marrow1 they are worse than heathens4   
,for as ,dionysius ,halicarnassaeus     
observes1 ,antiq4 ,rom4 lib4 #g4        
#bjde,primum locum1 c4 ,greeks and      
,barbarians observe all religious rites1
 and dare not break them for fear of    
offending their gods2 but our simoniacal
 contractors1 our senseless ,achans1 our
 stupefied patrons1 fear neither ,god   
nor devil1 they have evasions for it1 it
 is no sin1 or not due jure divino1 or  
if a sin1 no great sin1 c4 ,and though  
they be daily punished for it1 and they 
do manifestly perceive1 that as he said1
 frost and fraud come to foul ends2 yet 
as #bjdf;,chrysostom follows it ,nulla  
ex poena sit correctio1 et quasi        

adversis malitia hominum provocetur1    
crescit quotidie quod puniatur3 they are
 rather worse than better1--iram atque  
animos a crimine sumunt1 and the more   
they are corrected1 the more they       
offend3 but let them take their course1 
#bjdg,rode caper vites1 go on still as  
they begin1 'tis no sin1 let them       
rejoice secure1 ,god's vengeance will   
overtake them in the end1 and these     
ill-gotten goods1 as an eagle's         
feathers1 #bjdh will consume the rest of
 their substance2 it is #bjdi;aurum     
,tholosanum1 and will produce no better 
effects4 #bjej,let them lay it up safe1 
and make their conveyances never so     
close1 lock and shut door1 saith        
,chrysostom1 yet fraud and covetousness1
 two most violent thieves are still     
included1 and a little gain evil gotten 
will subvert the rest of their goods4   
,the eagle in ,aesop1 seeing a piece of 
flesh now ready to be sacrificed1 swept 
it away with her claws1 and carried it  
to her nest2 but there was a burning    

coal stuck to it by chance1 which       
unawares consumed her young ones1 nest1 
and all together4 ,let our simoniacal   
church-chopping patrons1 and            
sacrilegious harpies1 look for no better
 success4 ,a second cause is ignorance1 
and from thence contempt1 successit     
odium in literas ab ignorantia vulgi2   
which #bjea;,junius well perceived3 this
 hatred and contempt of learning        
proceeds out of #bjeb;ignorance2 as they
 are themselves barbarous1 idiots1 dull1
 illiterate1 and proud1 so they esteem  
of others4 ,sint ,mecaenates1 non       
deerunt ,flacce ,marones3 ,let there be 
bountiful patrons1 and there will be    
painful scholars in all sciences4 ,but  
when they contemn learning1 and think   
themselves sufficiently qualified1 if   
they can write and read1 scramble at a  
piece of evidence1 or have so much      
,latin as that emperor had1 #bjecqui    
nescit dissimulare1 nescit vivere1 they 
are unfit to do their country service1  
to perform or undertake any action or   

employment1 which may tend to the good  
of a commonwealth1 except it be to      
fight1 or to do country justice1 with   
common sense1 which every yeoman can    
likewise do4 ,and so they bring up their
 children1 rude as they are themselves1 
unqualified1 untaught1 uncivil most     
part4 #bjed,quis e nostra juventute     
legitime instituitur literis8 ,quis     
oratores aut ,philosophos tangit8 quis  
historiam legit1 illam rerum agendarum  
quasi animam8 praecipitant parentes vota
 sua1 c4 'twas ,lipsius' complaint to   
his illiterate countrymen1 it may be    
ours4 ,now shall these men judge of a   
scholar's worth1 that have no worth1    
that know not what belongs to a         
student's labours1 that cannot          
distinguish between a true scholar and a
 drone8 or him that by reason of a      
voluble tongue1 a strong voice1 a       
pleasing tone1 and some trivially       
polyanthean helps1 steals and gleans a  
few notes from other men's harvests1 and
 so makes a fairer show1 than he that is

 truly learned indeed3 that thinks it no
 more to preach1 than to speak1 #bjeeor 
to run away with an empty cart2 as a    
grave man said3 and thereupon vilify us1
 and our pains2 scorn us1 and all       
learning4 #bjef ,because they are rich1 
and have other means to live1 they think
 it concerns them not to know1 or to    
trouble themselves with it2 a fitter    
task for younger brothers1 or poor men's
 sons1 to be pen and inkhorn men1       
pedantical slaves1 and no whit beseeming
 the calling of a gentleman1 as         
,frenchmen and ,germans commonly do1    
neglect therefore all human learning1   
what have they to do with it8 ,let      
mariners learn astronomy2 merchants1    
factors study arithmetic2 surveyors get 
them geometry2 spectacle-makers optics2 
land-leapers geography2 town-clerks     
rhetoric1 what should he do with a      
spade1 that hath no ground to dig2 or   
they with learning1 that have no use of 
it8 thus they reason1 and are not       
ashamed to let mariners1 apprentices1   

and the basest servants1 be better      
qualified than themselves4 ,in former   
times1 kings1 princes1 and emperors1    
were the only scholars1 excellent in all
 faculties4 ,julius ,caesar mended the  
year1 and writ his own ,commentaries1   
#bjeg------media inter prealia semper1  
,stellarum coelique plagis1 superisque  
vacavit4  #bjeh;,antonius1 ,adrian1     
,nero1 ,seve4 ,jul4 c4 #bjei,michael the
 emperor1 and ,isacius1 were so much    
given to their studies1 that no base    
fellow would take so much pains3 ,orion1
 ,perseus1 ,alphonsus1 ,ptolomeus1      
famous astronomers2 ,sabor1             
,mithridates1 ,lysimachus1 admired      
physicians3 ,plato's kings all3 ,evax1  
that ,arabian prince1 a most expert     
jeweller1 and an exquisite philosopher2 
the kings of ,egypt were priests of old1
 chosen and from thence1--,idem rex     
hominum1 ,phoebique sacerdos3 but those 
heroical times are past2 the ,muses are 
now banished in this bastard age1 ad    
sordida tuguriola1 to meaner persons1   

and confined alone almost to            
universities4 ,in those days1 scholars  
were highly beloved1 #bjfj;honoured1    
esteemed2 as old ,ennius by ,scipio     
,africanus1 ,virgil by ,augustus2       
,horace by ,meceanas3 princes'          
companions2 dear to them1 as ,anacreon  
to ,polycrates2 ,philoxenus to          
,dionysius1 and highly rewarded4        
,alexander sent ,xenocrates the         
philosopher fifty talents1 because he   
was poor1 visu rerum1 aut eruditione    
praestantes viri1 mensis olim regum     
adhibiti1 as ,philostratus relates of   
,adrian and ,lampridius of ,alexander   
,severus3 famous clerks came to these   
princes' courts1 velut in ,lycaeum1 as  
to a university1 and were admitted to   
their tables1 quasi divum epulis        
accumbentes2 ,archilaus1 that           
,macedonian king1 would not willingly   
sup without ,euripides1 7amongst the    
rest he drank to him at supper one      
night1 and gave him a cup of gold for   
his pains7 delectatus poetae suavi      

sermone2 and it was fit it should be so2
 because as #bjfa,plato in his          
,protagoras well saith1 a good          
philosopher as much excels other men1 as
 a great king doth the commons of his   
country2 and again1 #bjfbquoniam illis  
nihil deest1 et minime egere solent1 et 
disciplinas quas profitentur1 soli a    
contemptu vindicare possunt1 they needed
 not to beg so basely1 as they compel   
#bjfcscholars in our times to complain  
of poverty1 or crouch to a rich chuff   
for a meal's meat1 but could vindicate  
themselves1 and those arts which they   
professed4 ,now they would and cannot3  
for it is held by some of them1 as an   
axiom1 that to keep them poor1 will make
 them study2 they must be dieted1 as    
horses to a race1 not pampered1         
#bjfd;,alendos volunt1 non saginandos1  
ne melioris mentis flammula extinguatur2
 a fat bird will not sing1 a fat dog    
cannot hunt1 and so by this depression  
of theirs #bjfesome want means1 others  
will1 all want #bjff;encouragement1 as  

being forsaken almost2 and generally    
contemned4 ',tis an old saying1 ,sint   
,mecaenates1 non deerunt ,flacce        
,marones1 and 'tis a true saying still4 
,yet oftentimes ,i may not deny it the  
main fault is in ourselves4 ,our        
academics too frequently offend in      
neglecting patrons1 as #bjfg;,erasmus   
well taxeth1 or making ill choice of    
them2 negligimus oblatos aut amplectimur
 parum aptos1 or if we get a good one1  
non studemus mutuis officiis favorem    
ejus alere1 we do not ply and follow him
 as we should4 ,idem mihi accidit       
,adolescenti 7saith ,erasmus7           
acknowledging his fault1 et gravissime  
peccavi1 and so may #bjfh;,i say myself1
 ,i have offended in this1 and so       
peradventure have many others4 ,we did  
not spondere magnatum favoribus1 qui    
caeperunt nos amplecti1 apply ourselves 
with that readiness we should3 idleness1
 love of liberty1 immodicus amor        
libertatis effecit ut diu cum perfidis  
amicis1 as he confesseth1 et pertinaci  

pauperate colluctarer1 bashfulness1     
melancholy1 timorousness1 cause many of 
us to be too backward and remiss4 ,so   
some offend in one extreme1 but too many
 on the other1 we are most part too     
forward1 too solicitous1 too ambitious1 
too impudent2 we commonly complain      
deesse ,maecenates1 of want of          
encouragement1 want of means1 when as   
the true defect is in our own want of   
worth1 our insufficiency3 did ,maecenas 
take notice of ,horace or ,virgil till  
they had shown themselves first8 or had 
,bavius and ,mevius any patrons8        
,egregium specimen dent1 saith ,erasmus1
 let them approve themselves worthy     
first1 sufficiently qualified for       
learning and manners1 before they       
presume or impudently intrude and put   
themselves on great men as too many do1 
with such base flattery1 parasitical    
colloguing1 such hyperbolical elogies   
they do usually insinuate that it is a  
shame to hear and see4 ,immodicae laudes
 conciliant invidiam1 potius quam       

laudem1 and vain commendations derogate 
from truth1 and we think in conclusion1 
non melius de laudato1 pejus de         
laudante1 ill of both1 the commender and
 commended4 ,so we offend1 but the main 
fault is in their harshness1 defect of  
patrons4 ,how beloved of old1 and how   
much respected was ,plato to ,dionysius8
 ,how dear to ,alexander was ,aristotle1
 ,demeratus to ,philip1 ,solon to       
,croesus1 ,auexarcus and ,trebatius to  
,augustus1 ,cassius to ,vespasian1      
,plutarch to ,trajan1 ,seneca to ,nero1 
,simonides to ,hieron8 how honoured8    
#bjfi,sed haec prius fuere1 nunc        
recondita ,senent quiete1  those days   
are gone2 ,et spes1 et ratio studiorum  
in ,caesare tantum3 #bjgj as he said of 
old1 we may truly say now1 he is our    
amulet1 our #bjgasun1 our sole comfort  
and refuge1 our ,ptolemy1 our common    
,maecenas1 ,jacobus munificus1 ,jacobus 
pacificus1 mysta ,musarum1 ,rex         
,platonicus3 ,grande decus1 columenque  
nostrum3 a famous scholar himself1 and  

the sole patron1 pillar1 and sustainer  
of learning3 but his worth in this kind 
is so well known1 that as ,paterculus of
 ,cato1 ,jam ipsum laudare nefas sit3   
and which #bjgb ,pliny to ,trajan4      
,seria te carmina1 honorque aeternus    
annalium1 non haec brevis et pudenda    
praedicatio colet4 ,but he is now gone1 
the sun of ours set1 and yet no night   
follows1 ,sol occubuit1 nox nulla       
sequuta est4 ,we have such another in   
his room1 #bjgc;aureus alter4 ,avulsus1 
simili frondescit virga metallo1 and    
long may he reign and flourish amongst  
us4 ,let me not be malicious1 and lie   
against my genius1 ,i may not deny1 but 
that we have a sprinkling of our gentry1
 here and there one1 excellently well   
learned1 like those ,fuggeri in         
,germany2 ,dubartus1 ,du ,plessis1      
,sadael1 in ,france2 ,picus ,mirandula1 
,schottus1 ,barotius1 in ,italy2        
,apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto4 
,but they are but few in respect of the 
multitude1 the major part 7and some     

again excepted1 that are indifferent7   
are wholly bent for hawks and hounds1   
and carried away many times with        
intemperate lust1 gaming and drinking4  
,if they read a book at any time 7si    
quod est interim otii a venatu1 poculis1
 alea1 scortis7 'tis an ,english        
,chronicle1 ,st4 ,huon of ,bordeaux1    
,amadis de ,gaul1 c41 a play-book1 or   
some pamphlet of news1 and that at such 
seasons only1 when they cannot stir     
abroad1 to drive away time1 #bjgdtheir  
sole discourse is dogs1 hawks1 horses1  
and what news8 ,if some one have been a 
traveller in ,italy1 or as far as the   
emperor's court1 wintered in ,orleans1  
and can court his mistress in broken    
,french1 wear his clothes neatly in the 
newest fashion1 sing some choice        
outlandish tunes1 discourse of lords1   
ladies1 towns1 palaces1 and cities1 he  
is complete and to be admired3          
#bjgeotherwise he and they are much at  
one2 no difference between the master   
and the man1 but worshipful titles2 wink

 and choose betwixt him that sits down  
7clothes excepted7 and him that holds   
the trencher behind him3 yet these men  
must be our patrons1 our governors too  
sometimes1 statesmen1 magistrates1      
noble1 great1 and wise by inheritance4  
,mistake me not 7,i say again7 ,vos o   
,patritius sanguis1 you that are worthy 
senators1 gentlemen1 ,i honour your     
names and persons1 and with all         
submissiveness1 prostrate myself to your
 censure and service4 ,there are amongst
 you1 ,i do ingenuously confess1 many   
well-deserving patrons1 and true        
patriots1 of my knowledge1 besides many 
hundreds which ,i never saw1 no doubt1  
or heard of1 pillars of our             
commonwealth1 #bjgfwhose worth1 bounty1 
learning1 forwardness1 true zeal in     
religion1 and good esteem of all        
scholars1 ought to be consecrated to all
 posterity2 but of your rank1 there are 
a debauched1 corrupt1 covetous1         
illiterate crew again1 no better than   
stocks1 merum pecus 7testor ,deum1 non  

mihi videri dignos ingenui hominis      
appellatione7 barbarous ,thracians1 et  
quis ille thrax qui hoc neget8 a sordid1
 profane1 pernicious company1           
irreligious1 impudent and stupid1 ,i    
know not what epithets to give them1    
enemies to learning1 confounders of the 
church1 and the ruin of a commonwealth2 
patrons they are by right of            
inheritance1 and put in trust freely to 
dispose of such livings to the church's 
good2 but 7hard taskmasters they prove7 
they take away their straw1 and compel  
them to make their number of brick3 they
 commonly respect their own ends1       
commodity is the steer of all their     
actions1 and him they present in        
conclusion1 as a man of greatest gifts1 
that will give most2 no penny1 #bjggno  
paternoster1 as the saying is4 ,nisi    
preces auro fulcias1 amplius irritas3 ut
 ,cerberus offa1 their attendants and   
officers must be bribed1 feed1 and made1
 as ,cerberus is with a sop by him that 
goes to hell4 ,it was an old saying1    

,omnia ,romae venalia 7all things are   
venal at ,rome17 'tis a rag of ,popery1 
which will never be rooted out1 there is
 no hope1 no good to be done without    
money4 ,a clerk may offer himself1      
approve his #bjghworth1 learning1       
honesty1 religion1 zeal1 they will      
commend him for it2 but #bjgiprobitas   
laudatur et alget4 ,if he be a man of   
extraordinary parts1 they will flock    
afar off to hear him1 as they did in    
,apuleius1 to see ,psyche3 multi        
mortales confluebant ad videndum saeculi
 decus1 speculum gloriosum1 laudatur ab 
omnibus1 spectatur ob omnibus1 nec      
quisquam non rex1 non regius1 cupidus   
ejus nuptiarium petitor accedit2        
mirantur quidem divinam formam omnes1   
sed ut simulacrum fabre politum         
mirantur2 many mortal men came to see   
fair ,psyche the glory of her age1 they 
did admire her1 commend1 desire her for 
her divine beauty1 and gaze upon her2   
but as on a picture2 none would marry   
her1 quod indotato1 fair ,psyche had no 

money4 #bjhj,so they do by learning2    
#bjha------;didicit jam dives avarus    
,tantum admirari1 tantum laudare        
disertos1 ,ut pueri ,junonis avem------ 
,your rich men have now learn'd of      
latter days ,t'admire1 commend1 and come
 together  ,to hear and see a worthy    
scholar speak1 ,as children do a        
peacock's feather4  ,he shall have all  
the good words that may be given1       
#bjhb;a proper man1 and 'tis pity he    
hath no preferment1 all good wishes1 but
 inexorable1 indurate as he is1 he will 
not prefer him1 though it be in his     
power1 because he is indotatus1 he hath 
no money4 ,or if he do give him         
entertainment1 let him be never so well 
qualified1 plead affinity1              
consanguinity1 sufficiency1 he shall    
serve seven years1 as ,jacob did for    
,rachel1 before he shall have it4       
#bjhc;,if he will enter at first1 he    
must get in at that ,simoniacal gate1   
come off soundly1 and put in good       
security to perform all covenants1 else 

he will not deal with1 or admit him4    
,but if some poor scholar1 some parson  
chaff1 will offer himself2 some trencher
 chaplain1 that will take it to the     
halves1 thirds1 or accepts of what he   
will give1 he is welcome2 be            
conformable1 preach as he will have him1
 he likes him before a million of       
others2 for the host is always best     
cheap3 and then as ,hierom said to      
,cromatius1 patella dignum operculum1   
such a patron1 such a clerk2 the cure is
 well supplied1 and all parties pleased4
 ,so that is still verified in our age1 
which #bjhd;,chrysostom complained of in
 his time1 ,qui opulentiores sunt1 in   
ordinem parasitorum cogunt eos1 et ipsos
 tanquam canes ad mensas suas enutriunt1
 eorumque impudentes4 ,venires iniquarum
 coenarum reliquiis differtiunt1 iisdem 
pro arbitro abulentes3 ,rich men keep   
these lecturers1 and fawning parasites1 
like so many dogs at their tables1 and  
filling their hungry guts with the      
offals of their meat1 they abuse them at

 their pleasure1 and make them say what 
they propose4 #bjhe;,as children do by a
 bird or a butterfly in a string1 pull  
in and let him out as they list1 do they
 by their trencher chaplains1 prescribe1
 command their wits1 let in and out as  
to them it seems best4 ,if the patron be
 precise1 so must his chaplain be2 if he
 be papistical1 his clerk must be so    
too1 or else be turned out4 ,these are  
those clerks which serve the turn1 whom 
they commonly entertain1 and present to 
church livings1 whilst in the meantime  
we that are ,university men1 like so    
many hidebound calves in a pasture1     
tarry out our time1 wither away as a    
flower ungathered in a garden1 and are  
never used2 or as so many candles1      
illuminate ourselves alone1 obscuring   
one another's light1 and are not        
discerned here at all1 the least of     
which1 translated to a dark room1 or to 
some country benefice1 where it might   
shine apart1 would give a fair light1   
and be seen over all4 ,whilst we lie    

waiting here as those sick men did at   
the ,pool of #bjhf ,bethesda1 till the  
,angel stirred the water1 expecting a   
good hour1 they step between1 and       
beguile us of our preferment4 ,i have   
not yet said1 if after long expectation1
 much expense1 travel1 earnest suit of  
ourselves and friends1 we obtain a small
 benefice at last2 our misery begins    
afresh1 we are suddenly encountered with
 the flesh1 world1 and devil1 with a new
 onset2 we change a quiet life for an   
ocean of troubles1 we come to a ruinous 
house1 which before it be habitable1    
must be necessarily to our great damage 
repaired2 we are compelled to sue for   
dilapidations1 or else sued ourselves1  
and scarce yet settled1 we are called   
upon for our predecessor's arrearages2  
first-fruits1 tenths1 subsidies1 are    
instantly to be paid1 benevolence1      
procurations1 c41 and which is most to  
be feared1 we light upon a cracked      
title1 as it befell ,clenard of         
,brabant1 for his rectory1 and charge of

 his ,beginae2 he was no sooner         
inducted1 but instantly sued1 cepimusque
 #bjhg7saith he7 strenue litigare1 et   
implacabili bello confligere3 at length 
after ten years' suit1 as long as       
,troy's siege1 when he had tired        
himself1 and spent his money1 he was    
fain to leave all for quietness' sake1  
and give it up to his adversary4 ,or    
else we are insulted over1 and trampled 
on by domineering officers1 fleeced by  
those greedy harpies to get more fees2  
we stand in fear of some precedent      
lapse2 we fall amongst refractory1      
seditious sectaries1 peevish puritans1  
perverse papists1 a lascivious rout of  
atheistical ,epicures1 that will not be 
reformed1 or some litigious people      
7those wild beasts of ,ephesus must be  
fought with7 that will not pay their    
dues without much repining1 or compelled
 by long suit2 ,laici clericis oppido   
infesti1 an old axiom1 all they think   
well gotten that is had from the church1
 and by such uncivil1 harsh dealings1   

they make their poor minister weary of  
his place1 if not his life2 and put case
 they be quiet honest men1 make the best
 of it1 as often it falls out1 from a   
polite and terse academic1 he must turn 
rustic1 rude1 melancholise alone1 learn 
to forget1 or else1 as many do1 become  
maltsters1 graziers1 chapmen1 c4 7now   
banished from the academy1 all commerce 
of the muses1 and confined to a country 
village1 as ,ovid was from ,rome to     
,pontus71 and daily converse with a     
company of idiots and clowns4 ,nos      
interim quod1 attinet 7nec enim immunes 
ab hac noxa sumus7 idem realus manet1   
idem nobis1 et si non multo gravius1    
crimen objici potest3 nostra enim culpa 
sit1 nostra incuria1 nostra avaritia1   
quod tam frequentes1 foedaeque fiant in 
,ecclesia nundinationes1 7templum est   
vaenale1 deusque7 tot sordes invehantur1
 tanta grassetur impietas1 tanta        
nequitia1 tam insanus miseriarum        
,euripus1 et turbarum aestuarium1 nostro
 inquam1 omnium 7,academicorum imprimis7

 vitio sit4 ,quod tot ,resp4 malis      
afficiatur1 a nobis seminarium2 ultro   
malum hoc accersimus1 et quavis         
contumelia1 quavis interim miseria      
digni1 qui pro virili non occurrimus4   
,quid enim fieri posse speramus1 quum   
tot indies sine delectu pauperes alumni1
 terrae filii1 et cujuscunque ordinis   
homunciones ad gradus certatim          
admittantur8 qui si definitionem1       
distinctionemque unam aut alteram       
memoriter edidicerint1 et pro more tot  
annos in dialectica posuerint1 non      
refert quo profectu1 quales demum sint1 
idiotae1 nugatores1 otiatores1          
aleatores1 compotores1 indigni1         
libidinis voluptatumque administri1     
,sponsi ,penelopes1 nebulones1          
,alcinoique1 modo tot annos in academia 
insumpserint1 et se pro togatis         
venditarint2 lucri causa1 et amicorum   
intercessu praesentantur2 addo etiam et 
magnificis nonnunquam elogiis morum et  
scientiae2 et jam valedicturi           
testimonialibus hisce litteris1         

amplissime conscriptis in eorum gratiam 
honorantur1 abiis1 qui fidei suae et    
existimationis jacturam proculdubio     
faciunt4 ,doctores enim et professores  
7quod ait #bjhh;ille7 id unum curant1 ut
 ex professionibus frequentibus1 et     
tumultuariis potius quam legitimis1     
commoda sua promoverant1 et ex dispendio
 publico suum faciant incrementum4 ,id  
solum in votis habent annui plerumque   
magistratus1 ut ab incipientium numero  
#bjhipecunias emungant1 nec multum      
interest qui sint1 literatores an       
literati1 modo pingues1 nitidi1 ad      
aspectum speciosi1 et quod verbo dicam1 
pecuniosi sint4 #bjij,philosophastri    
licentiantur in artibus1 artem qui non  
habent1 #bjia;,eosque sapientes esse    
jubent1 qui nulla praediti sunt         
sapientia1 et nihil ad gradum           
praeterquam velle adferunt4             
,theologastri 7solvant modo7 satis      
superque docti1 per omnes honorum gradus
 evehuntur et ascendunt4 ,atque hinc fit
 quod tam viles scurrae1 tot passim     

idiotae1 literarum crepusculo positi1   
larvae pastorum1 circumforanei1 vagi1   
barbi1 fungi1 crassi1 asini1 merum pecus
 in sacrosanctos theologiae aditus1     
illotis pedibus irrumpant1 praeter      
inverecundam frontem adferentes nihil1  
vulgares quasdam quisquilias1 et        
scholarium quaedam nugamenta1 indigna   
quae vel recipiantur in triviis4 ,hoc   
illud indignum genus hominum et         
famelicum1 indigum1 vagum1 ventris      
mancipium1 ad stivam potius relegandum1 
ad haras aptius quam ad aras1 quod      
divinas hasce literas turpiter          
prostituit2 hi sunt qui pulpita         
complent1 in aedes nobilium irrepunt1 et
 quum reliquis vitae destituantur       
subsidiis1 ob corporis et animi         
egestatem1 aliarum in repub4 partium    
minime capaces sint2 ad sacram hanc     
anchoram confugiunt1 sacerdotium quovis 
modo captantes1 non ex sinceritate1 quod
 #bjib,paulus ait1 sed cauponantes      
verbum ,dei4 ,ne quis interim viris     
bonis detractum quid putet1 quos habet  

ecclesia ,anglicana quamplurimos1       
eggregie doctos1 illustres1 intactae    
famae1 homines1 et plures forsan quam   
quaevis ,europae provincia2 ne quis a   
florentisimis ,academiis1 quae viros    
undiquaque doctissimos1 omni virtutum   
genere suspiciendos1 abunde producunt4  
,et multo plures utraque habitura1 multo
 splendidior futura1 si non hae sordes  
splendidum lumen ejus obfuscarent1      
obstaret corruptio1 et cauponantes      
quaedam harpyae1 proletariique bonum hoc
 nobis non inviderent4 ,nemo enim tam   
caeca mente1 qui non hoc ipsum videat3  
nemo tam stolido ingenio1 qui non       
intelligat2 tam pertinaci judicio1 qui  
non agnoscat1 ab his idiotis            
circumforaneis1 sacram pollui           
,theologiam1 ac caelestes ,musas quasi  
prophanum quiddam prostitui4 ,viles     
animae et effrontes 7sic enim ,lutherus 
#bjic alicubi vocat7 lucelli causa1 ut  
muscae ad mulctra1 ad nobilium et heroum
 mensas advolant1 in spem sacerdotii1   
cujuslibet honoris1 officii1 in quamvis 

aulam1 urbem se ingerunt1 ad quodvis se 
ministerium componunt4-- ,ut nervis     
alienis mobile lignum--,ducitur--,hor4  
,lib4 ,,ii4 ,sat4 #g4 #bjid offam       
sequentes1 psittacorum more1 in praedae 
spem quidvis effutiunt3 obsecundantes   
,parasiti #bjie7;,erasmus ait7 quidvis  
docent1 dicunt1 scribunt1 suadent1 et   
contra conscientiam probant1 non ut     
salutarem reddant gregem1 sed ut        
magnificam sibi parent fortunam4        
#bjif,opiniones quasvis et decreta      
contra verbum ,dei astruunt1 ne non     
offendant patronum1 sed ut retineant    
favorem procerum1 et populi plausum1    
sibique ipsis opes accumulent4 ,eo      
etenim plerunque animo ad ,theologiam   
accedunt1 non ut rem divinam1 sed ut    
suam facient2 non ad ,ecclesiae bonum   
promovendum1 sed expilandum2 quaerentes1
 quod ,paulus ait1 non quae ,jesu       
,christi1 sed quae sua1 non domini      
thesaurum1 sed ut sibi1 suisque         
thesaurizent4 ,nec tantum iis1 qui      
vilirrie fortunae1 et abjectae1 sortis  

sunt1 hoc in usu est3 sed et medios1    
summos elatos1 ne dicam ,episcopos1 hoc 
malum invasit4 #bjig ,dicite pontifices1
 in sacris quid facit aurum8 #bjihsummos
 saepe viros transversos agit avaritia1 
et qui reliquis morum probitate         
praelucerent2 hi facem praeferunt ad    
,simoniam1 et in corruptionis hunc      
scopulum impingentes1 non tondent pecus1
 sed deglubunt1 et quocunque se         
conferunt1 expilant1 exhauriunt1        
abradunt1 magnum famae suae1 si non     
animae naufragium facientes2 ut non ab  
infimis ad summos1 sed a summis ad      
infimos malum promanasse videatur1 et   
illud verum sit quod ille olim lusit1   
emerat ille prius1 vendere jure potest4 
,simoniacus enim 7quod cum ,leone dicam7
 gratiam non accepit1 si non accipit1   
non habet1 et si non habet1 nec gratus  
potest esse2 tantum enim absunt istorum 
nonnulli1 qui ad clavum sedent a        
promovendo reliquos1 ut penitus         
impediant1 probe sibi conscii1 quibus   
artibus illic pervenerint4 #bjii,nam qui

 ob literas emersisse illos credat1     
desipit2 qui vero ingenii1 eruditionis1 
experientiae1 probitatis1 pietatis1 et  
,musarum id esse pretium putat 7quod    
olim revera fuit1 hodie promittitur7    
planissime insanit4 ,utcunque vel       
undecunque malum hoc originem ducat1 non
 ultra quaeram1 ex his primordiis caepit
 vitiorum colluvies1 omnis calamitas1   
omne miseriarum agmen in ,ecclesiam     
invehitur4 ,hinc tam frequens simonia1  
hinc ortae querelae1 fraudes1           
imposturae1 ab hoc fonte se derivarunt  
omnes nequitiae4 ,ne quid obiter dicam  
de ambitione1 adulatione plusquam       
aulica1 ne tristi domicaenio laborent1  
de luxu1 de foedo nonnunquam vitae      
exemplo1 quo nonnullos offendunt1 de    
compotatione ,sybaritica1 c4 hinc ille  
squalor academicus1 tristes hac         
tempestate ,camenae1 quum quivis        
homunculus artium ignarus1 hic artibus  
assurgat1 hunc in modum promoveatur et  
ditescat1 ambitiosis appellationibus    
insignis1 et multis dignitatibus        

augustus vulgi oculos perstringat1 bene 
se habeat1 et grandia gradiens          
majestatem quandam ac amplitudinem prae 
se ferens1 miramque sollicitudinem1     
barba reverendus1 toga nitidus1 purpura 
coruscus1 supellectilis splendore1 et   
famulorum numero maxime conspicuus4     
,quales statuae 7quod ait #bajj;ille7   
quae sacris in aedibus columnis         
imponuntur1 velut oneri cedentes        
videntur1 ac si insudarent1 quum revera 
sensu sint carentes1 et nihil saxeam    
adjuvent firmitatem3 atlantes videri    
volunt1 quum sint statuae lapideae1     
umbratiles revera homunciones1 fungi1   
forsan et bardi1 nihil a saxo           
differentes4 ,quum interim docti viri1  
et vilae sanctioris ornamentis praediti1
 qui aestum diei sustinent1 his iniqua  
sorte serviant1 minimo forsan salario   
contenti1 puris nominibus nuncupati1    
humiles1 obscuri1 multoque digniores    
licet1 egentes1 inhonorati vitam privam 
privatam agant1 tenuique sepulti        
sacerdotio1 vel in collegiis suis in    

aeternum incarcerati1 inglorie          
delitescant4 ,sed nolo diutius hanc     
movere sentinam1 hinc illae lachrymae1  
lugubris musarum habitus1 #baja;hinc    
ipsa religio 7quod cum ,secellio dicam7 
in ludibrium et contemptum adducitur1   
abjectum sacerdotium 7atque haec ubi    
fiunt1 ausim dicere1 et pulidum #bajb   
putidi dicterium de clero usurpare7     
putidum vulgus1 inops1 rude1 sordidum1  
melancholicum1 miserum1 despicabile1    
contemnendum4#bajc  ,,memb4 ,,iv4       
,,subsect4 ,i--,non-necessary1 remote1  
outward1 adventitious1 or accidental    
causes3 as first from the ,nurse4  ,of  
those remote1 outward1 ambient1         
necessary causes1 ,i have sufficiently  
discoursed in the precedent member1 the 
non-necessary follow2 of which1 saith   
#bajd;,fuchsius1 no art can be made1 by 
reason of their uncertainty1 casualty1  
and multitude2 so called not necessary  
because according to #baje;,fernelius1  
they may be avoided1 and used without   
necessity4 ,many of these accidental    

causes1 which ,i shall entreat of here1 
might have well been reduced to the     
former1 because they cannot be avoided1 
but fatally happen to us1 though        
accidentally1 and unawares1 at some time
 or other2 the rest are contingent and  
inevitable1 and more properly inserted  
in this rank of causes4 ,to reckon up   
all is a thing impossible2 of some      
therefore most remarkable of these      
contingent causes which produce         
melancholy1 ,i will briefly speak and in
 their order4 ,from a child's nativity1 
the first ill accident that can likely  
befall him in this kind is a bad nurse1 
by whose means alone he may be tainted  
with this #bajfmalady from his cradle1  
,aulus ,gellius l4 #ab4 c4 #a4 brings in
 ,phavorinus1 that eloquent philosopher1
 proving this at large1 #bajg that there
 is the same virtue and property in the 
milk as in the seed1 and not in men     
alone1 but in all other creatures2 he   
gives instance in a kid and lamb1 if    
either of them suck of the other's milk1

 the lamb of the goat's1 or the kid of  
the ewe's1 the wool of the one will be  
hard1 and the hair of the other soft4   
,giraldus ,cambrensis ,itinerar4        
,cambriae1 l4 #a4 c4 #b4 confirms this  
by a notable example which happened in  
his time4 ,a sow-pig by chance sucked a 
brach1 and when she was grown #bajhwould
 miraculously hunt all manner of deer1  
and that as well1 or rather better1 than
 any ordinary hound4 ,his conclusion is1
 #bajithat men and beasts participate of
 her nature and conditions by whose milk
 they are fed4 ,phavorinus urges it     
farther1 and demonstrates it more       
evidently1 that if a nurse be           
#baajmisshapen1 unchaste1 dishonest1    
impudent1 #baaa;cruel1 or the like1 the 
child that sucks upon her breast will be
 so too2 all other affections of the    
mind and diseases are almost engrafted1 
as it were1 and imprinted into the      
temperature of the infant1 by the       
nurse's milk2 as pox1 leprosy1          
melancholy1 c4 ,cato for some such      

reason would make his servants' children
 suck upon his wife's breast1 because by
 that means they would love him and his 
the better1 and in all likelihood agree 
with them4 ,a more evident example that 
the minds are altered by milk cannot be 
given1 than that of #baab;,dion1 which  
he relates of ,caligula's cruelty2 it   
could neither be imputed to father nor  
mother1 but to his cruel nurse alone1   
that anointed her paps with blood still 
when he sucked1 which made him such a   
murderer1 and to express her cruelty to 
a hair3 and that of ,tiberius1 who was a
 common drunkard1 because his nurse was 
such a one4 ,et si delira fuerit        
7#baacone observes7 infantulum delirum  
faciet1 if she be a fool or dolt1 the   
child she nurseth will take after her1  
or otherwise be misaffected2 which      
,franciscus ,barbarus l4 #b4 c4 ult4 de 
re uxoria proves at full1 and ,ant4     
,guivarra1 lib4 #b4 de ,marco ,aurelio3 
the child will surely participate4 ,for 
bodily sickness there is no doubt to be 

made4 ,titus1 ,vespasian's son1 was     
therefore sickly1 because the nurse was 
so1 ,lampridius4 ,and if we may believe 
physicians1 many times children catch   
the pox from a bad nurse1 ,botaldus cap4
 #fa4 de lue vener4 ,besides evil       
attendance1 negligence1 and many gross  
inconveniences1 which are incident to   
nurses1 much danger may so come to the  
child4 #baad;,for these causes          
,aristotle ,polit4 lib4 #g4 c4 #ag4     
,phavorinus and ,marcus ,aurelius would 
not have a child put to nurse at all1   
but every mother to bring up her own1 of
 what condition soever she be2 for a    
sound and able mother to put out her    
child to nurse1 is naturae intemperies1 
so #baae;,guatso calls it1 'tis fit     
therefore she should be nurse herself2  
the mother will be more careful1 loving1
 and attendant1 than any servile woman1 
or such hired creatures2 this all the   
world acknowledgeth1 convenientissimum  
est 7as ,rod4 a ,castro de nat4         
mulierum4 lib4 #d4 c4 #ab4 in many words

 confesseth7 matrem ipsam lactare       
infantem1 ,it is most fit that the      
mother should suckle her own infant--who
 denies that it should be so8--and which
 some women most curiously observe2     
amongst the rest1 #baafthat queen of    
,france1 a ,spaniard by birth1 that was 
so precise and zealous in this behalf1  
that when in her absence a strange nurse
 had suckled her child1 she was never   
quiet till she had made the infant vomit
 it up again4 ,but she was too jealous4 
,if it be so1 as many times it is1 they 
must be put forth1 the mother be not fit
 or well able to be a nurse1 ,i would   
then advise such mothers1 as            
#baag,plutarch doth in his book de      
liberis educandis and #baah,s4 ,hierom1 
li4 #b4 epist4 #bg4 ,laetae de institut4
 fil4 ,magninus part #b4 ,reg4 sanit4   
cap4 #g4 and the said ,rodericus1 that  
they make choice of a sound woman1 of a 
good complexion1 honest1 free from      
bodily diseases1 if it be possible1 all 
passions and perturbations of the mind1 

as sorrow1 fear1 grief1 #baai;folly1    
melancholy4 ,for such passions corrupt  
the milk1 and alter the temperature of  
the child1 which now being #babj ,udum  
et molle lutum1 a moist and soft clay1  
is easily seasoned and perverted4 ,and  
if such a nurse may be found out1 that  
will be diligent and careful withal1 let
 ,phavorinus and ,m4 ,aurelius plead how
 they can against it1 ,i had rather     
accept of her in some cases than the    
mother herself1 and which ,bonacialus   
the physician1 ,nic4 ,biesius the       
politician1 lib4 #d4 de repub4 cap4 #h4 
approves1 #baba,some nurses are much to 
be preferred to some mothers4 ,for why  
may not the mother be naught1 a peevish 
drunken flirt1 a waspish choleric slut1 
a crazed piece1 a fool 7as many mothers 
are71 unsound as soon as the nurse8     
,there is more choice of nurses than    
mothers2 and therefore except the mother
 be most virtuous1 staid1 a woman of    
excellent good parts1 and of a sound    
complexion1 ,i would have all children  

in such cases committed to discreet     
strangers4 ,and 'tis the only way2 as by
 marriage they are engrafted to other   
families to alter the breed1 or if      
anything be amiss in the mother1 as     
,ludovicus ,mercatus contends1 ,tom4 #b4
 lib4 de morb4 haered4 to prevent       
diseases and future maladies1 to correct
 and qualify the child's ill-disposed   
temperature1 which he had from his      
parents4 ,this is an excellent remedy1  
if good choice be made of such a nurse4 
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,education a ,cause of
 ,melancholy4  ,education1 of these     
accidental causes of melancholy1 may    
justly challenge the next place1 for if 
a man escape a bad nurse1 he may be     
undone by evil bringing up4 #babb;,jason
 ,pratensis puts this of education for a
 principal cause2 bad parents1          
stepmothers1 tutors1 masters1 teachers1 
too rigorous1 too severe1 too remiss or 
indulgent on the other side1 are often  
fountains and furtherers of this        
disease4 ,parents and such as have the  

tuition and oversight of children1      
offend many times in that they are too  
stern1 always threatening1 chiding1     
brawling1 whipping1 or striking2 by     
means of which their poor children are  
so disheartened and cowed1 that they    
never after have any courage1 a merry   
hour in their lives1 or take pleasure in
 anything4 ,there is a great moderation 
to be had in such things1 as matters of 
so great moment to the making or marring
 of a child4 ,some fright their children
 with beggars1 bugbears1 and hobgoblins1
 if they cry1 or be otherwise unruly3   
but they are much to blame in it1 many  
times1 saith ,lavater1 de spectris1     
part4 #a1 cap4 #e4 ex metu in morbos    
graves incidunt et noctu dormientes     
clamant1 for fear they fall into many   
diseases1 and cry out in their sleep1   
and are much the worse for it all their 
lives3 these things ought not at all1 or
 to be sparingly done1 and upon just    
occasion4 ,tyrannical1 impatient1       
hair-brain schoolmasters1 aridi         

magistri1 so #babc;,fabius terms them1  
,ajaces flagelliferi1 are in this kind  
as bad as hangmen and executioners1 they
 make many children endure a martyrdom  
all the while they are at school1 with  
bad diet1 if they board in their houses1
 too much severity and ill-usage1 they  
quite pervert their temperature of body 
and mind3 still chiding1 railing1       
frowning1 lashing1 tasking1 keeping1    
that they are fracti animis1 moped many 
times1 weary of their lives1 #babdnimia 
severitate deficiunt et desperant1 and  
think no slavery in the world 7as once  
,i did myself7 like to that of a grammar
 scholar4 ,praeceptorum ineptiis        
discruciantur ingenia puerorum1 #babe   
saith ,erasmus1 they tremble at his     
voice1 looks1 coming in4 ,st4 ,austin1  
in the first book of his confess4 et #d 
ca4 calls this schooling meliculosam    
necessitatem1 and elsewhere a martyrdom1
 and confesseth of himself1 how cruelly 
he was tortured in mind for learning    
,greek1 nulla verba noveram1 et saevis  

terroribus et poenis1 ut nossem1        
instabatur mihi vehementer1 ,i know     
nothing1 and with cruel terrors and     
punishment ,i was daily compelled4      
#babf;,beza complains in like case of a 
rigorous schoolmaster in ,paris1 that   
made him by his continual thunder and   
threats once in a mind to drown himself1
 had he not met by the way with an uncle
 of his that vindicated him from that   
misery for the time1 by taking him to   
his house4 ,trincavellius1 lib4 #a4     
consil4 #af4 had a patient nineteen     
years of age1 extremely melancholy1 ob  
nimium studium1 ,tarvitii et            
praeceptoris minas1 by reason of        
overmuch study1 and his #babgtutor's    
threats4 ,many masters are hard-hearted1
 and bitter to their servants1 and by   
that means do so deject1 with terrible  
speeches and hard usage so crucify them1
 that they become desperate1 and can    
never be recalled4 ,others again1 in    
that opposite extreme1 do as great harm 
by their too much remissness1 they give 

them no bringing up1 no calling to busy 
themselves about1 or to live in1 teach  
them no trade1 or set them in any good  
course2 by means of which their         
servants1 children1 scholars1 are       
carried away with that stream of        
drunkenness1 idleness1 gaming1 and many 
such irregular courses1 that in the end 
they rue it1 curse their parents1 and   
mischief themselves4 ,too much          
indulgence causeth the like1            
#babh;inepta patris lenitas et facilitas
 prava1 when as ,mitio-like1 with too   
much liberty and too great allowance1   
they feed their children's humours1 let 
them revel1 wench1 riot1 swagger1 and do
 what they will themselves1 and then    
punish them with a noise of musicians2  
#babi,obsonet1 potet1 oleat unguenta de 
meo2 ,amat8 dabitur a me argentum ubi   
erit commodum4 ,fores effregit8         
restituentur3 descidit ,vestem8         
resarcietur4--,faciat quod lubet1       
,sumat1 consumat1 perdat1 decretum est  
pati4  ,but as ,demeo told him1 tu illum

 corrumpi sinis1 your lenity will be his
 undoing1 praevidere videor jam diem1   
illum1 quum hic egens profugiet aliquo  
militatum1 ,i foresee his ruin4 ,so     
parents often err1 many fond mothers    
especially1 dote so much upon their     
children1 like #bacj;,aesop's ape1 till 
in the end they crush them to death1    
,corporum nutrices animarum novercae1   
pampering up their bodies to the undoing
 of their souls3 they will not let them 
be #baca;corrected or controlled1 but   
still soothed up in everything they do1 
that in conclusion they bring sorrow1   
shame1 heaviness to their parents       
7,ecclus4 cap4 xxx4 #h1 #i71 become     
wanton1 stubborn1 wilful1 and           
disobedient2 rude1 untaught1 headstrong1
 incorrigible1 and graceless2 they love 
them so foolishly1 saith #bacb;,cardan1 
that they rather seem to hate them1     
bringing them not up to virtue but      
injury1 not to learning but to riot1 not
 to sober life and conversation1 but to 
all pleasure and licentious behaviour4  

,who is he of so little experience that 
knows not this of ,fabius to be true8   
#bacc;,education is another nature1     
altering the mind and will1 and ,i would
 to ,god 7saith he7 we ourselves did not
 spoil our children's manners1 by our   
overmuch cockering and nice education1  
and weaken the strength of their bodies 
and minds1 that causeth custom1 custom  
nature1 c4 ,for these causes ,plutarch  
in his book de lib4 educ4 and ,hierom4  
epist4 lib4 #a4 epist4 #ag4 to ,laeta de
 institut4 filiae1 gives a most especial
 charge to all parents1 and many good   
cautions about bringing up of children1 
that they be not committed to           
indiscreet1 passionate1 bedlam tutors1  
light1 giddy-headed1 or covetous        
persons1 and spare for no cost1 that    
they may be well nurtured and taught1 it
 being a matter of so great consequence4
 ,for such parents as do otherwise1     
,plutarch esteems of them #bacdthat are 
more careful of their shoes than of     
their feet1 that rate their wealth above

 their children4 ,and he1 saith         
#bace;,cardan1 that leaves his son to a 
covetous schoolmaster to be informed1 or
 to a close ,abbey to fast and learn    
wisdom together1 doth no other1 than    
that he be a learned fool1 or a sickly  
wise man4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,terrors  
and ,affrights1 ,causes of ,melancholy4 
,tully1 in the fourth of his ,tusculans1
 distinguishes these terrors which arise
 from the apprehension of some terrible 
object heard or seen1 from other fears1 
and so doth ,patritius lib4 #e4 ,tit4   
#d4 de regis institut4 ,of all fears    
they are most pernicious and violent1   
and so suddenly alter the whole         
temperature of the body1 move the soul  
and spirits1 strike such a deep         
impression1 that the parties can never  
be recovered1 causing more grievous and 
fiercer melancholy1 as ,felix ,plater1  
c4 #c4 de mentis alienat4 #bacfspeaks   
out of his experience1 than any inward  
cause whatsoever3 and imprints itself so
 forcibly in the spirits1 brain1        

humours1 that if all the mass of blood  
were let out of the body1 it could      
hardly be extracted4 ,this horrible kind
 of melancholy 7for so he terms it7 had 
been often brought before him1 and      
troubles and affrights commonly men and 
women1 young and old of all sorts4      
#bacg;,hercules de ,saxonia calls this  
kind of melancholy 7ab agitatione       
spirituum7 by a peculiar name1 it comes 
from the agitation1 motion1 contraction1
 dilatation of spirits1 not from any    
distemperature of humours1 and produceth
 strong effects4 ,this terror is most   
usually caused1 as #bach,plutarch will  
have1 from some imminent danger1 when a 
terrible object is at hand1 heard1 seen1
 or conceived1 #bacitruly appearing1 or 
in a #badj;dream3 and many times the    
more sudden the accident1 it is the more
 violent4 #bada,stat terror animis1 et  
cor attonitum salit1 ,pavidumque        
trepidis palpitat venis jecur4  ,their  
soul's affright1 their heart amazed     
quakes1 ,the trembling liver pants i'   

th' veins1 and aches4  ,arthemedorus the
 grammarian lost his wits by the        
unexpected sight of a crocodile1        
,laurentius #g4 de melan4 #badb,the     
massacre at ,lyons1 #aegb1 in the reign 
of ,charles ,,ix41 was so terrible and  
fearful1 that many ran mad1 some died1  
great-bellied women were brought to bed 
before their time1 generally all        
affrighted aghast4 ,many lose their wits
 #badc;by the sudden sight of some      
spectrum or devil1 a thing very common  
in all ages1 saith ,lavater part #a4    
cap4 #i4 as ,orestes did at the sight of
 the ,furies1 which appeared to him in  
black 7as #badd,pausanias records74 ,the
 ,greeks call them 1 which so terrify   
their souls1 or if they be but          
affrighted by some counterfeit devils in
 jest1 #bade------ut pueri trepidant1   
atque omnia caecis ,in tenebris         
metuunt------  as children in the dark  
conceive hobgoblins1 and are so afraid1 
they are the worse for it all their     
lives4 ,some by sudden fires1           

earthquakes1 inundations1 or any such   
dismal objects3 ,themiscon the physician
 fell into a hydrophobia1 by seeing one 
sick of that disease3 7,dioscorides l4  
#f4 c4 #cc47 or by the sight of a       
monster1 a carcase1 they are disquieted 
many months following1 and cannot endure
 the room where a corpse hath been1 for 
a world would not be alone with a dead  
man1 or lie in that bed many years after
 in which a man hath died4 ,at          
#badf;,basil many little children in the
 springtime went to gather flowers in a 
meadow at the town's end1 where a       
malefactor hung in gibbets2 all gazing  
at it1 one by chance flung a stone1 and 
made it stir1 by which accident1 the    
children affrighted ran away2 one slower
 than the rest1 looking back1 and seeing
 the stirred carcase wag towards her1   
cried out it came after1 and was so     
terribly affrighted1 that for many days 
she could not rest1 eat1 or sleep1 she  
could not be pacified1 but melancholy1  
died4 #badg;,in the same town another   

child1 beyond the ,rhine1 saw a grave   
opened1 and upon the sight of a carcase1
 was so troubled in mind that she could 
not be comforted1 but a little after    
departed1 and was buried by it4         
,platerus observat4 l4 #a1 a gentlewoman
 of the same city saw a fat hog cut up1 
when the entrails were opened1 and a    
noisome savour offended her nose1 she   
much misliked1 and would not longer     
abide3 a physician in presence1 told    
her1 as that hog1 so was she1 full of   
filthy excrements1 and aggravated the   
matter by some other loathsome          
instances1 insomuch1 this nice          
gentlewoman apprehended it so deeply1   
that she fell forthwith a-vomiting1 was 
so mightily distempered in mind and     
body1 that with all his art and         
persuasions1 for some months after1 he  
could not restore her to herself again1 
she could not forget it1 or remove the  
object out of her sight1 ,idem4 ,many   
cannot endure to see a wound opened1 but
 they are offended3 a man executed1 or  

labour of any fearful disease1 as       
possession1 apoplexies1 one bewitched2  
#badhor if they read by chance of some  
terrible thing1 the symptoms alone of   
such a disease1 or that which they      
dislike1 they are instantly troubled in 
mind1 aghast1 ready to apply it to      
themselves1 they are as much disquieted 
as if they had seen it1 or were so      
affected themselves4 ,hecatas sibi      
videntur somniare1 they dream and       
continually think of it4 ,as lamentable 
effects are caused by such terrible     
objects heard1 read1 or seen1 auditus   
maximos motus in corpore facit1 as      
#badi,plutarch holds1 no sense makes    
greater alteration of body and mind3    
sudden speech sometimes1 unexpected     
news1 be they good or bad1 praevisa     
minus oratio1 will move as much1 animum 
obruere1 et de sede sua dejicere1 as a  
#baejphilosopher observes1 will take    
away our sleep and appetite1 disturb and
 quite overturn us4 ,let them bear      
witness that have heard those tragical  

alarms1 outcries1 hideous noises1 which 
are many times suddenly heard in the    
dead of the night by irruption of       
enemies and accidental fires1 c41 those 
#baeapanic fears1 which often drive men 
out of their wits1 bereave them of      
sense1 understanding and all1 some for a
 time1 some for their whole lives1 they 
never recover it4 ,the #baeb ,midianites
 were so affrighted by ,gideon's        
soldiers1 they breaking but every one a 
pitcher2 and #baec;,hannibal's army by  
such a panic fear was discomfited at the
 walls of ,rome4 ,augusta ,livia hearing
 a few tragical verses recited out of   
,virgil1 ,tu ,marcellus eris1 c41 fell  
down dead in a swoon4 ,edinus king of   
,denmark1 by a sudden sound which he    
heard1 #baed was turned into fury with  
all his men1 ,cranzius1 l4 #e1 ,dan4    
hist4 and ,alexander ab ,alexandro l4   
#c4 c4 #e4 ,amatus ,lusitanus had a     
patient1 that by reason of bad tidings  
became epilepticus1 cen4 #b4 cura #ij1  
,cardan subtil4 l4 #ah1 saw one that    

lost his wits by mistaking of an echo4  
,if one sense alone can cause such      
violent commotions of the mind1 what may
 we think when hearing1 sight1 and those
 other senses are all troubled at once8 
as by some earthquakes1 thunder1        
lightning1 tempests1 c4 ,at ,bologna in 
,italy1 anno #aejd1 there was such a    
fearful earthquake about eleven o'clock 
in the night 7as #baee;,beroaldus in his
 book de terrae motu1 hath commended to 
posterity7 that all the city trembled1  
the people thought the world was at an  
end1 actum de mortalibus1 such a fearful
 noise1 it made such a detestable smell1
 the inhabitants were infinitely        
affrighted1 and some ran mad4 ,audi rem 
atrocem1 et annalibus memorandam 7mine  
author adds71 hear a strange story1 and 
worthy to be chronicled3 ,i had a       
servant at the same time called ,fulco  
,argelanus1 a bold and proper man1 so   
grievously terrified with it1 that he   
#baefwas first melancholy1 after doted1 
at last mad1 and made away himself4 ,at 

#baeg;,fuscinum in ,japona there was    
such an earthquake1 and darkness on a   
sudden1 that many men were offended with
 headache1 many overwhelmed with sorrow 
and melancholy4 ,at ,meacum whole       
streets and goodly palaces were         
overturned at the same time1 and there  
was such a hideous noise withal1 like   
thunder1 and filthy smell1 that their   
hair stared for fear1 and their hearts  
quaked1 men and beasts were incredibly  
terrified4 ,in ,sacai1 another city1 the
 same earthquake was so terrible unto   
them1 that many were bereft of their    
senses2 and others by that horrible     
spectacle so much amazed1 that they knew
 not what they did4 ,blasius a          
,christian1 the reporter of the news1   
was so affrighted for his part1 that    
though it were two months after1 he was 
scarce his own man1 neither could he    
drive the remembrance of it out of his  
mind4 ,many times1 some years following1
 they will tremble afresh at the        
#baehremembrance or conceit of such a   

terrible object1 even all their lives   
long1 if mention be made of it4         
,cornelius ,agrippa relates out of      
,gulielmus ,parisiensis1 a story of one1
 that after a distasteful purge which a 
physician had prescribed unto him1 was  
so much moved1 #baeithat at the very    
sight of physic he would be distempered1
 though he never so much as smelled to  
it1 the box of physic long after would  
give him a purge2 nay1 the very         
remembrance of it did effect it2        
#bafjlike travellers and seamen1 saith  
,plutarch1 that when they have been     
sanded1 or dashed on a rock1 for ever   
after fear not that mischance only1 but 
all such dangers whatsoever4  ,,subsect4
 ,,iv4--,scoffs1 ,calumnies1 bitter     
,jests1 how they cause ,melancholy4  ,it
 is an old saying1 #bafa;,a blow with a 
word strikes deeper than a blow with a  
sword3 and many men are as much galled  
with a calumny1 a scurrilous and bitter 
jest1 a libel1 a pasquil1 satire1       
apologue1 epigram1 stage-play or the    

like1 as with any misfortune whatsoever4
 ,princes and potentates1 that are      
otherwise happy1 and have all at        
command1 secure and free1 quibus        
potentia sceleris impunitatem fecit1 are
 grievously vexed with these pasquilling
 libels1 and satires3 they fear a       
railing #bafb;,aretine1 more than an    
enemy in the field1 which made most     
princes of his time 7as some relate7    
allow him a liberal pension1 that he    
should not tax them in his satires4     
#bafc,the ,gods had their ,momus1 ,homer
 his ,zoilus1 ,achilles his ,thersites1 
,philip his ,demades3 the ,caesars      
themselves in ,rome were commonly       
taunted4 ,there was never wanting a     
,petronius1 a ,lucian in those times1   
nor will be a ,rabelais1 an ,euphormio1 
a ,boccalinus in ours4 ,adrian the sixth
 pope #bafdwas so highly offended1 and  
grievously vexed with pasquillers at    
,rome1 he gave command that his statue  
should be demolished and burned1 the    
ashes flung into the river ,tiber1 and  

had done it forthwith1 had not          
,ludovicus ,suessanus1 a facete         
companion1 dissuaded him to the         
contrary1 by telling him1 that pasquil's
 ashes would turn to frogs in the bottom
 of the river1 and croak worse and      
louder than before1--genus irritabile   
vatum1 and therefore #bafe,socrates in  
,plato adviseth all his friends1 that   
respect their credits1 to stand in awe  
of poets1 for they are terrible fellows1
 can praise and dispraise as they see   
cause4 ,hinc quam sit calamus saevior   
ense patet4 ,the prophet ,david         
complains1 ,psalm cxxiii4 #d4 that his  
soul was full of the mocking of the     
wealthy1 and of the despitefulness of   
the proud1 and ,psalm lv4 #d4 for the   
voice of the wicked1 c41 and their hate3
 his heart trembled within him1 and the 
terrors of death came upon him2 fear and
 horrible fear1 c41 and ,psal4 lxix4    
#bj4 ,rebuke hath broken my heart1 and  
,i am full of heaviness4 ,who hath not  
like cause to complain1 and is not so   

troubled1 that shall fall into the      
mouths of such men8 for many are of so  
#baffpetulant a spleen2 and have that   
figure ,sarcasmus so often in their     
mouths1 so bitter1 so foolish1 as       
#bafg;,balthazar ,castilio notes of     
them1 that they cannot speak1 but they  
must bite2 they had rather lose a friend
 than a jest2 and what company soever   
they come in1 they will be scoffing1    
insulting over their inferiors1         
especially over such as any way depend  
upon them1 humouring1 misusing1 or      
putting gulleries on some or other till 
they have made by their humouring or    
gulling #bafh;ex stulto insanum1 a mope 
or a noddy1 and all to make themselves  
merry3 #bafi------;dummodo risum        
,excutiat sibi2 non hic cuiquam parcit  
amico2  ,friends1 neuters1 enemies1 all 
are as one1 to make a fool a madman1 is 
their sport1 and they have no greater   
felicity than to scoff and deride       
others2 they must sacrifice to the god  
of laughter1 with them in #bagj         

,apuleius1 once a day1 or else they     
shall be melancholy themselves2 they    
care not how they grind and misuse      
others1 so they may exhilarate their own
 persons4 ,their wits indeed serve them 
to that sole purpose1 to make sport1 to 
break a scurrile jest1 which is         
levissimus ingenii fructus1 the froth of
 wit1 as #baga,tully holds1 and for this
 they are often applauded1 in all other 
discourse1 dry1 barren1 stramineous1    
dull and heavy1 here lies their genius1 
in this they alone excel1 please        
themselves and others4 ,leo ,decimus1   
that scoffing pope1 as ,jovius hath     
registered in the ,fourth book of his   
life1 took an extraordinary delight in  
humouring of silly fellows1 and to put  
gulleries upon them1 #bagb;by commending
 some1 persuading others to this or     
that3 he made ex stolidis stultissimos1 
et maxime ridiculos1 ex stultis insanos2
 soft fellows1 stark noddies2 and such  
as were foolish1 quite mad before he    
left them4 ,one memorable example he    

recites there1 of ,tarascomus of ,parma1
 a musician that was so humoured by ,leo
 ,decimus1 and ,bibiena his second in   
this business1 that he thought himself  
to be a man of most excellent skill1    
7who was indeed a ninny7 they #bagcmade 
him set foolish songs1 and invent new   
ridiculous precepts1 which they did     
highly commend1 as to tie his arm that  
played on the lute1 to make him strike a
 sweeter stroke1 #bagd;and to pull down 
the arras hangings1 because the voice   
would be clearer1 by reason of the      
reverberation of the wall4 ,in the like 
manner they persuaded one ,baraballius  
of ,caieta1 that he was as good a poet  
as ,petrarch2 would have him to be made 
a laureate poet1 and invite all his     
friends to his instalment2 and had so   
possessed the poor man with a conceit of
 his excellent poetry1 that when some of
 his more discreet friends told him of  
his folly1 he was very angry with them1 
and said #bagethey envied his honour1   
and prosperity3 it was strange 7saith   

,jovius7 to see an old man of #fj years1
 a venerable and grave old man1 so      
gulled4 ,but what cannot such scoffers  
do1 especially if they find a soft      
creature1 on whom they may work8 nay1 to
 say truth1 who is so wise1 or so       
discreet1 that may not be humoured in   
this kind1 especially if some excellent 
wits shall set upon him2 he that mads   
others1 if he were so humoured1 would be
 as mad himself1 as much grieved and    
tormented2 he might cry with him in the 
comedy1 ,proh ,jupiter tu homo me1      
adigas ad insaniam4 ,for all is in these
 things as they are taken2 if he be a   
silly soul1 and do not perceive it1 'tis
 well1 he may haply make others sport1  
and be no whit troubled himself2 but if 
he be apprehensive of his folly1 and    
take it to heart1 then it torments him  
worse than any lash3 a bitter jest1 a   
slander1 a calumny1 pierceth deeper than
 any loss1 danger1 bodily pain1 or      
injury whatsoever2 leviter enim volat1  
7it flies swiftly7 as ,bernard of an    

arrow1 sed graviter vulnerat1 7but      
wounds deeply71 especially if it shall  
proceed from a virulent tongue1 it cuts 
7saith ,david7 like a two-edged sword4  
,they shoot bitter words as arrows1     
,psal4 lxiv4 #e4 ,and they smote with   
their tongues1 ,jer4 xviii4 #ah1 and    
that so hard1 that they leave an        
incurable wound behind them4 ,many men  
are undone by this means1 moped1 and so 
dejected1 that they are never to be     
recovered2 and of all other men living1 
those which are actually melancholy1 or 
inclined to it1 are most sensible1 7as  
being suspicious1 choleric1 apt to      
mistake7 and impatient of an injury in  
that kind3 they aggravate1 and so       
meditate continually of it1 that it is a
 perpetual corrosive1 not to be removed1
 till time wear it out4 ,although they  
peradventure that so scoff1 do it alone 
in mirth and merriment1 and hold it     
optimum aliena frui insania1 an         
excellent thing to enjoy another man's  
madness2 yet they must know1 that it is 

a mortal sin 7as #bagf,thomas holds7 and
 as the prophet #bagg;,david denounceth1
 they that use it1 shall never dwell in 
,god's tabernacle4 ,such scurrilous     
jests1 flouts1 and sarcasms1 therefore1 
ought not at all to be used2 especially 
to our betters1 to those that are in    
misery1 or any way distressed3 for to   
such1 aerumnarum incrementa sunt1 they  
multiply grief1 and as #bagh;he         
perceived1 ,in multis pudor1 in multis  
iracundia1 c41 many are ashamed1 many   
vexed1 angered1 and there is no greater 
cause or furtherer of melancholy4       
,martin ,cromerus1 in the ,sixth book of
 his history1 hath a pretty story to    
this purpose1 of ,vladislaus1 the second
 king of ,poland1 and ,peter ,dunnius1  
earl of ,shrine2 they had been hunting  
late1 and were enforced to lodge in a   
poor cottage4 ,when they went to bed1   
,vladislaus told the earl in jest1 that 
his wife lay softer with the abbot of   
,shrine2 he not able to contain1        
replied1 ,et tua cum ,dabesso1 and yours

 with ,dabessus1 a gallant young        
gentleman in the court1 whom ,christina 
the queen loved4 ,tetigit id dictum     
,principis animum1 these words of his so
 galled the prince1 that he was long    
after tristis et cogitabundus1 very sad 
and melancholy for many months2 but they
 were the earl's utter undoing3 for when
 ,christina heard of it1 she persecuted 
him to death4 ,sophia the empress1      
,justinian's wife1 broke a bitter jest  
upon ,narsetes the eunuch1 a famous     
captain then disquieted for an overthrow
 which he lately had3 that he was fitter
 for a distaff and to keep women        
company1 than to wield a sword1 or to be
 general of an army3 but it cost her    
dear1 for he so far distasted it1 that  
he went forthwith to the adverse part1  
much troubled in his thoughts1 caused   
the ,lombards to rebel1 and thence      
procured many miseries to the           
commonwealth4 ,tiberius the emperor     
withheld a legacy from the people of    
,rome1 which his predecessor ,augustus  

had lately given1 and perceiving a      
fellow round a dead corse in the ear1   
would needs know wherefore he did so2   
the fellow replied1 that he wished the  
departed soul to signify to ,augustus1  
the commons of ,rome were yet unpaid3   
for this bitter jest the emperor caused 
him forthwith to be slain1 and carry the
 news himself4 ,for this reason1 all    
those that otherwise approve of jests in
 some cases1 and facete companions1 7as 
who doth not87 let them laugh and be    
merry1 rumpantur et illa ,codro1 'tis   
laudable and fit1 those yet will by no  
means admit them in their companies1    
that are any way inclined to this       
malady3 non jocandum cum iis qui miseri 
sunt1 et aerumnosi1 no jesting with a   
discontented person4 ',tis ,castilio's  
caveat1 #bagi;,jo4 ,pontanus1 and       
#bahj;,galateus1 and every good man's4  
,play with me1 but hurt me not3 ,jest   
with me1 but shame me not4  ,comitas is 
a virtue between rusticity and          
scurrility1 two extremes1 as affability 

is between flattery and contention1 it  
must not exceed2 but be still           
accompanied with that #baha or          
innocency1 quae nemini nocet1 omnem     
injuriae1 oblationem abhorrens1 hurts no
 man1 abhors all offer of injury4       
,though a man be liable to such a jest  
or obloquy1 have been overseen1 or      
committed a foul fact1 yet it is no good
 manners or humanity1 to upbraid1 to hit
 him in the teeth with his offence1 or  
to scoff at such a one2 'tis an old     
axiom1 turpis in reum omnis             
exprobratio4#bahb ,i speak not of such  
as generally tax vice1 ,barclay1        
,gentilis1 ,erasmus1 ,agrippa1          
,fishcartus1 c41 the ,varronists and    
,lucians of our time1 satirists1        
epigrammists1 comedians1 apologists1 c41
 but such as personate1 rail1 scoff1    
calumniate1 perstringe by name1 or in   
presence offend2 #bahc,ludit qui stolida
 procacitate ,non est ,sestius ille sed 
caballus3  ',tis horse-play this1 and   
those jests 7as he #bahdsaith7 are no   

better than injuries1 biting jests1     
mordentes et aculeati1 they are poisoned
 jests1 leave a sting behind them1 and  
ought not to be used4  #bahe,set not thy
 foot to make the blind to fall2 ,nor   
wilfully offend thy weaker brother3     
,nor wound the dead with thy tongue's   
bitter gall1 ,neither rejoice thou in   
the fall of other4  ,if these rules     
could be kept1 we should have much more 
ease and quietness than we have1 less   
melancholy1 whereas on the contrary1 we 
study to misuse each other1 how to sting
 and gall1 like two fighting boors1     
bending all our force and wit1 friends1 
fortune1 to crucify #bahfone another's  
souls2 by means of which1 there is      
little content and charity1 much        
virulency1 hatred1 malice1 and          
disquietness among us4  ,,subsect4      
,v4--,loss of ,liberty1 ,servitude1     
,imprisonment1 how they cause           
,melancholy4  ,to this catalogue of     
causes1 ,i may well annex loss of       
liberty1 servitude1 or imprisonment1    

which to some persons is as great a     
torture as any of the rest4 ,though they
 have all things convenient1 sumptuous  
houses to their use1 fair walks and     
gardens1 delicious bowers1 galleries1   
good fare and diet1 and all things      
correspondent1 yet they are not content1
 because they are confined1 may not come
 and go at their pleasure1 have and do  
what they will1 but live #bahg;aliena   
quadra1 at another man's table and      
command4 ,as it is #bahh;in meats so it 
is in all other things1 places1         
societies1 sports2 let them be never so 
pleasant1 commodious1 wholesome1 so     
good2 yet omnium rerum est satietas1    
there is a loathing satiety of all      
things4 ,the children of ,israel were   
tired with manna1 it is irksome to them 
so to live1 as to a bird in his cage1 or
 a dog in his kennel1 they are weary of 
it4 ,they are happy1 it is true1 and    
have all things1 to another man's       
judgment1 that heart can wish1 or that  
they themselves can desire1 bona si sua 

norint3 yet they loathe it1 and are     
tired with the present3 ,est natura     
hominum novitatis avida2 men's nature is
 still desirous of news1 variety1       
delights2 and our wandering affections  
are so irregular in this kind1 that they
 must change1 though it must be to the  
worst4 ,bachelors must be married1 and  
married men would be bachelors2 they do 
not love their own wives1 though        
otherwise fair1 wise1 virtuous1 and well
 qualified1 because they are theirs2 our
 present estate is still the worst1 we  
cannot endure one course of life long1  
et quod modo voverat1 odit1 one calling 
long1 esse in honore juvat1 mox         
displicet2 one place long1 #bahi,romae  
,tibur amo1 ventosus ,tybure ,romam1    
that which we earnestly sought1 we now  
contemn4 ,hoc quosdam agit ad mortem1   
7saith #baij,seneca7 quod proposita     
saepe mutando in eadem revolvuntur1 et  
non relinquunt novitati locum3 ,fastidio
 caepit esse vita1 et ipsus mundus1 et  
subit illud rapidissimarum deliciarum1  

,quousque eadem8 this alone kills many a
 man1 that they are tied to the same    
still1 as a horse in a mill1 a dog in a 
wheel1 they run round1 without          
alteration or news1 their life groweth  
odious1 the world loathsome1 and that   
which crosseth their furious delights1  
what8 still the same8 ,marcus ,aurelius 
and ,solomon1 that had experience of all
 worldly delights and pleasure1         
confessed as much of themselves2 what   
they most desired1 was tedious at last1 
and that their lust could never be      
satisfied1 all was vanity and affliction
 of mind4 ,now if it be death itself1   
another hell1 to be glutted with one    
kind of sport1 dieted with one dish1    
tied to one place2 though they have all 
things otherwise as they can desire1 and
 are in heaven to another man's opinion1
 what misery and discontent shall they  
have1 that live in slavery1 or in prison
 itself8 ,quod tristius morte1 in       
servitute vivendum1 as ,hermolaus told  
,alexander in #baia;,curtius1 worse than

 death is bondage3 #baib;hoc animo scito
 omnes fortes1 ut mortem servituti      
anteponant1 ,all brave men at arms      
7,tully holds7 are so affected4         
#baic;,equidem ego is sum1 qui          
servitutem extremum omnium malorum esse 
arbitror3 ,i am he 7saith ,boterus7 that
 account servitude the extremity of     
misery4 ,and what calamity do they      
endure1 that live with those hard       
taskmasters1 in gold mines 7like those  
#cj1jjj #baid;,indian slaves at ,potosi1
 in ,peru71 tin-mines1 lead-mines1      
stone-quarries1 coal-pits1 like so many 
mouldwarps under ground1 condemned to   
the galleys1 to perpetual drudgery1     
hunger1 thirst1 and stripes1 without all
 hope of delivery8 ,how are those women 
in ,turkey affected1 that most part of  
the year come not abroad2 those ,italian
 and ,spanish dames1 that are mewed up  
like hawks1 and locked up by their      
jealous husbands8 how tedious is it to  
them that live in stoves and caves half 
a year together8 as in ,iceland1        

,muscovy1 or under the #baiepole itself1
 where they have six months' perpetual  
night4 ,nay1 what misery and discontent 
do they endure1 that are in prison8     
,they want all those six non-natural    
things at once1 good air1 good diet1    
exercise1 company1 sleep1 rest1 ease1   
c41 that are bound in chains all day    
long1 suffer hunger1 and 7as            
#baif,lucian describes it7 must abide   
that filthy stink1 and rattling of      
chains1 howlings1 pitiful outcries1 that
 prisoners usually make2 these things   
are not only troublesome1 but           
intolerable4 ,they lie nastily among    
toads and frogs in a dark dungeon1 in   
their own dung1 in pain of body1 in pain
 of soul1 as ,joseph did1 ,psal4 cv4    
#ah1 they hurt his feet in the stocks1  
the iron entered his soul4 ,they live   
solitary1 alone1 sequestered from all   
company but heart-eating melancholy2 and
 for want of meat1 must eat that bread  
of affliction1 prey upon themselves4    
,well might #baig;,arculanus put long   

imprisonment for a cause1 especially to 
such as have lived jovially1 in all     
sensuality and lust1 upon a sudden are  
estranged and debarred from all manner  
of pleasures3 as were ,huniades1        
,edward1 and ,richard ,,ii41 ,valerian  
the ,emperor1 ,bajazet the ,turk4 ,if it
 be irksome to miss our ordinary        
companions and repast for once a day1 or
 an hour1 what shall it be to lose them 
for ever8 ,if it be so great a delight  
to live at liberty1 and to enjoy that   
variety of objects the world affords2   
what misery and discontent must it needs
 bring to him1 that shall now be cast   
headlong into that ,spanish inquisition1
 to fall from heaven to hell1 to be     
cubbed up upon a sudden1 how shall he be
 perplexed1 what shall become of him8   
#baih ,robert ,duke of ,normandy being  
imprisoned by his youngest brother      
,henry ,i41 ab illo die inconsolabili   
dolore in carcere contabuit1 saith      
,matthew ,paris1 from that day forward  
pined away with grief4 #baii;,jugurtha  

that generous captain1 brought to ,rome 
in triumph1 and after imprisoned1       
through anguish of his soul1 and        
melancholy1 died4 #bbjj,roger1 ,bishop  
of ,salisbury1 the second man from ,king
 ,stephen 7he that built that famous    
castle of #bbja;,devizes in ,wiltshire17
 was so tortured in prison with hunger1 
and all those calamities accompanying   
such men1 #bbjbut vivere noluerit1 mori 
nescierit1 he would not live1 and could 
not die1 between fear of death1 and     
torments of life4 ,francis ,king of     
,france was taken prisoner by ,charles  
,v41 ad mortem fere melancholicus1 saith
 ,guicciardini1 melancholy almost to    
death1 and that in an instant4 ,but this
 is as clear as the sun1 and needs no   
further illustration4  ,,subsect4       
,,vi4--,poverty and ,want1 ,causes of   
,melancholy4  ,poverty and want are so  
violent oppugners1 so unwelcome guests1 
so much abhorred of all men1 that ,i may
 not omit to speak of them apart4       
,poverty1 although 7if considered       

aright1 to a wise1 understanding1 truly 
regenerate1 and contented man7 it be    
donum ,dei1 a blessed estate1 the way to
 heaven1 as #bbjc;,chrysostom calls it1 
,god's gift1 the mother of modesty1 and 
much to be preferred before riches 7as  
shall be shown in his #bbjdplace71 yet  
as it is esteemed in the world's        
censure1 it is a most odious calling1   
vile and base1 a severe torture1 summum 
scelus1 a most intolerable burden2 we   
#bbjeshun it all1 cane pejus et angue   
7worse than a dog or a snake71 we abhor 
the name of it1 #bbjf,paupertas fugitur1
 totoque arcessitur orbe1 as being the  
fountain of all other miseries1 cares1  
woes1 labours1 and grievances           
whatsoever4 ,to avoid which1 we will    
take any pains1--extremos currit        
mercator ad ,indos1 we will leave no    
haven1 no coast1 no creek of the world  
unsearched1 though it be to the hazard  
of our lives1 we will dive to the bottom
 of the sea1 to the bowels of the earth1
 #bbjg;five1 six1 seven1 eight1 nine    

hundred fathom deep1 through all five   
zones1 and both extremes of heat and    
cold3 we will turn parasites and slaves1
 prostitute ourselves1 swear and lie1   
damn our bodies and souls1 forsake ,god1
 abjure religion1 steal1 rob1 murder1   
rather than endure this insufferable    
yoke of poverty1 which doth so          
tyrannise1 crucify1 and generally       
depress us4 ,for look into the world1   
and you shall see men most part esteemed
 according to their means1 and happy as 
they are rich3 #bbjh,ubique tanti       
quisque quantum habuit fuit4 ,if he be  
likely to thrive1 and in the way of     
preferment1 who but he8 ,in the vulgar  
opinion1 if a man be wealthy1 no matter 
how he gets it1 of what parentage1 how  
qualified1 how virtuously endowed1 or   
villainously inclined2 let him be a     
bawd1 a gripe1 an usurer1 a villain1 a  
pagan1 a barbarian1 a wretch1           
#bbji,lucian's tyrant1 on whom you may  
look with less security than on the sun2
 so that he be rich 7and liberal withal7

 he shall be honoured1 admired1 adored1 
reverenced1 and highly #bbajmagnified4  
,the rich is had in reputation because  
of his goods1 ,eccl4 x4 #ca4 ,he shall  
be befriended3 for riches gather many   
friends1 ,prov4 xix4 #d1--multos        
numerabit amicos1 all #bbaa;happiness   
ebbs and flows with his money4 ,he shall
 be accounted a gracious lord1 a        
,mecaenas1 a benefactor1 a wise1        
discreet1 a proper1 a valiant1 a        
fortunate man1 of a generous spirit1    
,pullus ,jovis1 et gallinae1 filius     
albae3 a hopeful1 a good man1 a         
virtuous1 honest man4 ,quando ego ie    
,junonium puerum1 et matris partum vere 
aureum1 as #bbab,tully said of          
,octavianus1 while he was adopted       
,caesar1 and an heir #bbac;apparent of  
so great a monarchy1 he was a golden    
child4 ,all #bbad;honour1 offices1      
applause1 grand titles1 and turgent     
epithets are put upon him1 omnes omnia  
bona dicere2 all men's eyes are upon    
him1 ,god bless his good worship1 his   

honour2 #bbae;every man speaks well of  
him1 every man presents him1 seeks and  
sues to him for his love1 favour1 and   
protection1 to serve him1 belong unto   
him1 every man riseth to him1 as to     
,themistocles in the ,olympics1 if he   
speak1 as of ,herod1 ,vox ,dei1 non     
hominis1 the voice of ,god1 not of man4 
,all the graces1 ,veneres1 pleasures1   
elegances attend him1 #bbaf golden      
fortune accompanies and lodgeth with    
him2 and as to those ,roman emperors1 is
 placed in his chamber4                 
#bbag------,secura naviget aura1        
,fortunamque suo temperet arbitrio3  he 
may sail as he will himself1 and temper 
his estate at his pleasure1 jovial days1
 splendour and magnificence1 sweet      
music1 dainty fare1 the good things1 and
 fat of the land1 fine clothes1 rich    
attires1 soft beds1 down pillows are at 
his command1 all the world labours for  
him1 thousands of artificers are his    
slaves to drudge for him1 run1 ride1 and
 post for him3 #bbah;,divines 7for      

,pythia ,philippisat7 lawyers1          
physicians1 philosophers1 scholars are  
his1 wholly devote to his service4      
,every man seeks his #bbai;acquaintance1
 his kindred1 to match with him1 though 
he be an oaf1 a ninny1 a monster1 a     
goose-cap1 uxorem ducat ,danaen1        
#bbbjwhen1 and whom he will1 hunc optant
 generum ,rex et ,regina--he is an      
excellent #bbbamatch for my son1 my     
daughter1 my niece1 c4 ,quicquid        
calcaverit hic1 ,rosa fiet1 let him go  
whither he will1 trumpets sound1 bells  
ring1 c41 all happiness attends him1    
every man is willing to entertain him1  
he sups in #bbbb;,apollo wheresoever he 
comes2 what preparation is made for his 
#bbbc;entertainment8 fish and fowl1     
spices and perfumes1 all that sea and   
land affords4 ,what cookery1 masking1   
mirth to exhilarate his person8         
#bbbd;,da ,trebio1 pone ad ,trebium1 vis
 frater ab illia ,ilibus8------  ,what  
dish will your good worship eat of8     
#bbbe------;dulcia poma1 ,et quoscunque 

feret cultus tibi fundus honores1 ,ante 
,larem1 gustet venerabilior ,lare dives4
  ,sweet apples1 and whate'er thy fields
 afford1 ,before thy ,gods be serv'd1   
let serve thy ,lord4  ,what sport will  
your honour have8 hawking1 hunting1     
fishing1 fowling1 bulls1 bears1 cards1  
dice1 cocks1 players1 tumblers1         
fiddlers1 jesters1 c41 they are at your 
good worship's command4 ,fair houses1   
gardens1 orchards1 terraces1 galleries1 
cabinets1 pleasant walks1 delightsome   
places1 they are at hand3 #bbbf;in      
aureis lac1 vinum in argenteis1         
adolescentulae ad nutum speciosae1 wine1
 wenches1 c4 a ,turkish paradise1 a     
heaven upon earth4 ,though he be a silly
 soft fellow1 and scarce have common    
sense1 yet if he be borne to fortunes   
7as ,i have said7 #bbbg;jure            
haereditario sapere jubetur1 he must    
have honour and office in his course3   
#bbbh,nemo nisi dives honore dignus     
7,ambros4 offic4 #ba47 none so worthy as
 himself3 he shall have it1 atque esto  

quicquid ,servius aut ,labeo4 ,get money
 enough and command #bbbikingdoms1      
provinces1 armies1 hearts1 hands1 and   
affections2 thou shalt have popes1      
patriarchs to be thy chaplains and      
parasites3 thou shalt have              
7,tamerlane-like7 kings to draw thy     
coach1 queens to be thy laundresses1    
emperors thy footstools1 build more     
towns and cities than great ,alexander1 
,babel towers1 pyramids and ,mausolean  
tombs1 c4 command heaven and earth1 and 
tell the world it is thy vassal1 auro   
emitur diadema1 argento caelum panditur1
 denarius philosophum conducit1 nummus  
jus cogit1 obolus literatum pascit1     
metallum sanitatem conciliat1 aes amicos
 conglutinat4#bbcj;,and therefore not   
without good cause1 ,john de ,medicis1  
that rich ,florentine1 when he lay upon 
his death-bed1 calling his sons1 ,cosmo 
and ,laurence1 before him1 amongst other
 sober sayings1 repeated this1 animo    
quieto digredior1 quod vos sanos et     
divites post me relinquam1 ,it doth me  

good to think yet1 though ,i be dying1  
that ,i shall leave you1 my children1   
sound and rich3 for wealth sways all4   
,it is not with us1 as amongst those    
,lacedaemonian senators of ,lycurgus in 
,plutarch1 ,he preferred that deserved  
best1 was most virtuous and worthy of   
the place1 #bbcanot swiftness1 or       
strength1 or wealth1 or friends carried 
it in those days3 but inter optimos     
optimus1 inter temperantes              
temperantissimus1 the most temperate and
 best4 ,we have no aristocracies but in 
contemplation1 all oligarchies1 wherein 
a few rich men domineer1 do what they   
list1 and are privileged by their       
greatness4 #bbcb,they may freely        
trespass1 and do as they please1 no man 
dare accuse them1 no not so much as     
mutter against them1 there is no notice 
taken of it1 they may securely do it1   
live after their own laws1 and for their
 money get pardons1 indulgences1 redeem 
their souls from purgatory and hell     
itself1--clausum possidet arca ,jovem4  

,let them be epicures1 or atheists1     
libertines1 ,machiavellians1 7as they   
often are7 #bbcc;,et quamvis perjuris   
erit1 sine gente1 cruentus1 they may go 
to heaven through the eye of a needle1  
if they will themselves1 they may be    
canonised for saints1 they shall be     
#bbcd;honourably interred in ,mausolean 
tombs1 commended by poets1 registered in
 histories1 have temples and statues    
erected to their names1--e manibus      
illis--nascentur violae4--,if he be     
bountiful in his life1 and liberal at   
his death1 he shall have one to swear1  
as he did by ,claudius the ,emperor in  
,tacitus1 he saw his soul go to heaven1 
and be miserably lamented at his        
funeral4 ,ambubalarum collegia1 c4      
,trimalcionis topanta in ,petronius     
recta in caelum abiit1 went right to    
heaven3 a1 base quean1 #bbcethou wouldst
 have scorned once in thy misery to have
 a penny from her2 and why8 modio nummos
 metiit1 she measured her money by the  
bushel4 ,these prerogatives do not      

usually belong to rich men1 but to such 
as are most part seeming rich1 let him  
have but a good #bbcfoutside1 he carries
 it1 and shall be adored for a god1 as  
#bbcg;,cyrus was amongst the ,persians1 
ob splendidum apparatum1 for his gay    
attires2 now most men are esteemed      
according to their clothes4 ,in our     
gullish times1 whom you peradventure in 
modesty would give place to1 as being   
deceived by his habit1 and presuming him
 some great worshipful man1 believe it1 
if you shall examine his estate1 he will
 likely be proved a serving man of no   
great note1 my lady's tailor1 his       
lordship's barber1 or some such gull1 a 
,fastidius ,brisk1 ,sir ,petronel       
,flash1 a mere outside4 ,only this      
respect is given him1 that wheresoever  
he comes1 he may call for what he will1 
and take place by reason of his outward 
habit4 ,but on the contrary1 if he be   
poor1 ,prov4 xv4 #ae1 all his days are  
miserable1 he is under hatches1         
dejected1 rejected and forsaken1 poor in

 purse1 poor in spirit2 #bbchprout res  
nobis fluit1 ita et animus se habet2    
#bbcimoney gives life and soul4 ,though 
he be honest1 wise1 learned1            
well-deserving1 noble by birth1 and of  
excellent good parts2 yet in that he is 
poor1 unlikely to rise1 come to honour1 
office1 or good means1 he is contemned1 
neglected1 frustra sapit1 inter literas 
esurit1 amicus molestus4 #bbdj;,if he   
speak1 what babbler is this8 ,ecclus1   
his nobility without wealth1 is         
#bbdaprojecta vilior alga1 and he not   
esteemed3 nos viles pulli nati          
infelicibus ovis1 if once poor1 we are  
metamorphosed in an instant1 base       
slaves1 villains1 and vile drudges2     
#bbdb;for to be poor1 is to be a knave1 
a fool1 a wretch1 a wicked1 an odious   
fellow1 a common eyesore1 say poor and  
say all2 they are born to labour1 to    
misery1 to carry burdens like juments1  
pistum stercus comedere with ,ulysses'  
companions1 and as ,chremilus objected  
in ,aristophanes1 #bbdc salem lingere1  

lick salt1 to empty jakes1 fay channels1
 #bbdd;carry out dirt and dunghills1    
sweep chimneys1 rub horse-heels1 c4 ,i  
say nothing of ,turks1 galley-slaves1   
which are bought #bbde;and sold like    
juments1 or those ,african ,negroes1 or 
poor #bbdf;,indian drudges1 qui indies  
hinc inde deferendis oneribus occumbunt1
 nam quod apud nos boves et asini       
vehunt1 trahunt1 c4 #bbdg;,id omne      
misellis ,indis1 they are ugly to       
behold1 and though erst spruce1 now     
rusty and squalid1 because poor1        
#bbdh;immundas fortunas aquum est       
squalorem sequi1 it is ordinarily so4   
#bbdi,others eat to live1 but they live 
to drudge1 #bbejservilis et misera gens 
nihil recusare audet1 a servile         
generation1 that dare refuse no         
task4--#bbea;,heus tu ,dromo1 cape hoc  
flabellum1 ventulum hinc facito dum     
lavamus1 sirrah blow wind upon us while 
we wash1 and bid your fellow get him up 
betimes in the morning1 be it fair or   
foul1 he shall run fifty miles afoot    

tomorrow1 to carry me a letter to my    
mistress1 ,socia ad pistrinam1 ,socia   
shall tarry at home and grind malt all  
day long1 ,tristan thresh4 ,thus are    
they commanded1 being indeed some of    
them as so many footstools for rich men 
to tread on1 blocks for them to get on  
horseback1 or as #bbebwalls for them to 
piss on4 ,they are commonly such people1
 rude1 silly1 superstitious idiots1     
nasty1 unclean1 lousy1 poor1 dejected1  
slavishly humble3 and as #bbec,leo ,afer
 observes of the commonalty of ,africa1 
natura viliores sunt1 nec apud suos     
duces majore in precio quam si canes    
essent3 #bbed;base by nature1 and no    
more esteemed than dogs1 miseram1       
laboriosam1 calamitosam vitam agunt1 et 
inopem1 infelicem1 rudiores asinis1 ut e
 brutis plane natos dicas3 no learning1 
no knowledge1 no civility1 scarce       
common1 sense1 nought but barbarism     
amongst them1 belluino more vivunt1     
neque calceos gestant1 neque vestes1    
like rogues and vagabonds1 they go      

barefooted and barelegged1 the soles of 
their feet being as hard as horse-hoofs1
 as #bbee,radzivilus observed at        
,damietta in ,egypt1 leading a          
laborious1 miserable1 wretched1 unhappy 
life1 #bbeflike beasts and juments1 if  
not worse3 7for a #bbeg,spaniard in     
,incatan1 sold three ,indian boys for a 
cheese1 and a hundred ,negro slaves for 
a horse7 their discourse is scurrility1 
their summum bonum1 a pot of ale4 ,there
 is not any slavery which these villains
 will not undergo1 inter illos plerique 
latrinas evacuant1 alii culinariam      
curant1 alii stabularios agunt1         
urinatores et id genus similia exercent1
 c4 like those people that dwell in the 
#bbeh;,alps1 chimney-sweepers1          
jakes-farmers1 dirt-daubers1 vagrant    
rogues1 they labour hard some1 and yet  
cannot get clothes to put on1 or bread  
to eat4 ,for what can filthy poverty    
give else1 but #bbei;beggary1 fulsome   
nastiness1 squalor1 contempt1 drudgery1 
labour1 ugliness1 hunger and thirst2    

pediculorum1 et pulicum numerum8 as     
#bbfj he well followed it in            
,aristophanes1 fleas and lice1 pro      
pallio vestem laceram1 et pro pulvinari 
lapidem bene magnum ad caput1 rags for  
his raiment1 and a stone for his pillow1
 pro cathedra1 ruptae caput urnae1 he   
sits in a broken pitcher1 or on a block 
for a chair1 et malvae1 ramos pro       
panibus comedit1 he drinks water1 and   
lives on wort leaves1 pulse1 like a hog1
 or scraps like a dog1 ut nunc nobis    
vita afficitur1 quis non putabit        
insaniam esse1 infelicitatemque8 as     
,chremilus concludes his speech1 as we  
poor men live nowadays1 who will not    
take our life to be #bbfa infelicity1   
misery1 and madness8 ,if they be of     
little better condition than those base 
villains1 hunger-starved beggars1       
wandering rogues1 those ordinary slaves1
 and day-labouring drudges2 yet they are
 commonly so preyed upon by #bbfb       
polling officers for breaking the laws1 
by their tyrannising landlords1 so      

flayed and fleeced by perpetual         
#bbfc;exactions1 that though they do    
drudge1 fare hard1 and starve their     
genius1 they cannot live in #bbfdsome   
countries2 but what they have is        
instantly taken from them1 the very care
 they take to live1 to be drudges1 to   
maintain their poor families1 their     
trouble and anxiety takes away their    
sleep1 ,sirac4 xxxi4 #a1 it makes them  
weary of their lives3 when they have    
taken all pains1 done their utmost and  
honest endeavours1 if they be cast      
behind by sickness1 or overtaken with   
years1 no man pities them1 hard-hearted 
and merciless1 uncharitable as they are1
 they leave them so distressed1 to beg1 
steal1 murmur1 and #bbfe rebel1 or else 
starve4 ,the feeling and fear of this   
misery compelled those old ,romans1 whom
 ,menenius ,agrippa pacified1 to resist 
their governors3 outlaws1 and rebels in 
most places1 to take up seditious arms1 
and in all ages hath caused uproars1    
murmurings1 seditions1 rebellions1      

thefts1 murders1 mutinies1 jars and     
contentions in every commonwealth3      
grudging1 repining1 complaining1        
discontent in each private family1      
because they want means to live         
according to their callings1 bring up   
their children1 it breaks their hearts1 
they cannot do as they would4 ,no       
greater misery than for a lord to have a
 knight's living1 a gentleman a         
yeoman's1 not to be able to live as his 
birth and place require4 ,poverty and   
want are generally corrosives to all    
kinds of men1 especially to such as have
 been in good and flourishing estate1   
are suddenly distressed1 #bbffnobly     
born1 liberally brought up1 and1 by some
 disaster and casualty miserably        
dejected4 ,for the rest1 as they have   
base fortunes1 so have they base minds  
correspondent1 like beetles1 e stercore 
orti1 e stercore victus1 in stercore    
delicium1 as they were obscurely born   
and bred1 so they delight in obscenity2 
they are not thoroughly touched with it4

 ,angustas animas angusto in pectore    
versant4 #bbfg,yet1 that which is no    
small cause of their torments1 if once  
they come to be in distress1 they are   
forsaken of their fellows1 most part    
neglected1 and left unto themselves2 as 
poor #bbfh,terence in ,rome was by      
,scipio1 ,laelius1 and ,furius1 his     
great and noble friends4 ,nil ,publius  
,scipio profuit1 nil ei ,laelius1 nil   
,furius1 ,tres per idem tempus qui      
agitabant nobiles facillime1 ,horum ille
 opera ne domum quident habuit          
conductitiam4#bbfi  ',tis generally so1 
,tempora si fuerint nubila1 solus eris1 
he is left cold and comfortless1 nullas 
ad amissas ibit amicus opes1 all flee   
from him as from a rotten wall1 now     
ready to fall on their heads4 ,prov4    
xix4 #a4 ,poverty separates them from   
their #bbgjneighbours4 #bbga;,dum       
fortuna favet vultum servatis amici1    
,cum cecidit1 turpi vertitis ora fuga4  
,whilst fortune favour'd1 friends1 you  
smil'd on me1 ,but when she fled1 a     

friend ,i could not see4  ,which is     
worse yet1 if he be poor #bbgb;every man
 contemns him1 insults over him1        
oppresseth him1 scoffs at1 aggravates   
his misery4 #bbgc,quum caepit quassata  
domus subsidere1 partes ,in proclinatas 
omne recumbit onus4  ,when once the     
tottering house begins to shrink1       
,thither comes all the weight by an     
instinct4  ,nay they are odious to their
 own brethren1 and dearest friends1     
,pro4 xix4 #g4 ,his brethren hate him if
 he be poor1 #bbgdomnes vicini oderunt1 
his neighbours hate him1 ,pro4 xiv4 #bj1
 #bbgeomnes me noti ac ignoti deserunt1 
as he complained in the comedy1 friends 
and strangers1 all forsake me4 ,which is
 most grievous1 poverty makes men       
ridiculous1 ,nil habet infelix paupertas
 durius in se1 quam quod ridiculos      
homines facit1 they must endure         
#bbgf;jests1 taunts1 flouts1 blows of   
their betters1 and take all in good part
 to get a meal's meat3 #bbggmagnum      
pauperies opprobrium1 jubet quidvis et  

facere et pati4 ,he must turn parasite1 
jester1 fool1 cum desipientibus         
desipere2 saith #bbgh;,euripides1 slave1
 villain1 drudge to get a poor living1  
apply himself to each man's humours1 to 
win and please1 c41 and be buffeted when
 he hath all done1 as ,ulysses was by   
,melanthius #bbgi;in ,homer1 be reviled1
 baffled1 insulted over1 for            
#bbhjpotentiorum stultitia perferenda   
est1 and may not so much as mutter      
against it4 ,he must turn rogue and     
villain2 for as the saying is1          
,necessitas cogit ad turpia1 poverty    
alone makes men thieves1 rebels1        
murderers1 traitors1 assassins1 because 
of poverty we have sinned1 ,ecclus4     
xxvii4 #a1 swear and forswear1 bear     
false witness1 lie1 dissemble1 anything1
 as ,i say1 to advantage themselves1 and
 to relieve their necessities3 #bbha    
,culpae scelerisque magistra est1 when a
 man is driven to his shifts1 what will 
he not do8 #bbhb------si miserum fortuna
 ,sinonem ,finxit1 vanum etiam          

mendacemque improba finget4  he will    
betray his father1 prince1 and country1 
turn ,turk1 forsake religion1 abjure    
,god and all1 nulla tam horrenda        
proditio1 quam illi lucri causa 7saith  
#bbhc,leo ,afer7 perpetrare nolint4     
#bbhd,plato1 therefore1 calls poverty1  
thievish1 sacrilegious1 filthy1 wicked1 
and mischievous3 and well he might4 ,for
 it makes many an upright man otherwise1
 had he not been in want1 to take       
bribes1 to be corrupt1 to do against his
 conscience1 to sell his tongue1 heart1 
hand1 c41 to be churlish1 hard1         
unmerciful1 uncivil1 to use indirect    
means to help his present estate4 ,it   
makes princes to exact upon their       
subjects1 great men tyrannise1 landlords
 oppress1 justice mercenary1 lawyers    
vultures1 physicians harpies1 friends   
importunate1 tradesmen liars1 honest men
 thieves1 devout assassins1 great men to
 prostitute their wives1 daughters1 and 
themselves1 middle sort to repine1      
commons to mutiny1 all to grudge1       

murmur1 and complain4 ,a great          
temptation to all mischief1 it compels  
some miserable wretches to counterfeit  
several diseases1 to dismember1 make    
themselves blind1 lame1 to have a more  
plausible cause to beg1 and lose their  
limbs to recover their present wants4   
,jodocus ,damhoderius1 a lawyer of      
,bruges1 praxi rerum criminal4 c4 #aab4 
hath some notable examples of such      
counterfeit cranks1 and every village   
almost will yield abundant testimonies  
amongst us2 we have dummerers1 ,abraham 
men1 c4 ,and that which is the extent of
 misery1 it enforceth them through      
anguish and wearisomeness of their      
lives1 to make away themselves2 they had
 rather be hanged1 drowned1 c41 than to 
live without means4 #bbhe;,in mare      
caetiferum1 ne te premat aspera egestas1
 ,desili1 et a celsis corrue ,cerne     
jugis4   ,much better 'tis to break thy 
neck1 ,or drown thyself i' the sea1     
,than suffer irksome poverty2 ,go make  
thyself away4  ,a ,sybarite of old1 as  

,i find it registered in                
#bbhf;,athenaeus1 supping in ,phiditiis 
in ,sparta1 and observing their hard    
fare1 said it was no marvel if the      
,lacedaemonians were valiant men2 for   
his part1 he would rather run upon a    
sword point 7and so would any man in his
 wits17 than live with such base diet1  
or lead so wretched a life4 #bbhg;,in   
,japonia1 'tis a common thing to stifle 
their children if they be poor1 or to   
make an abortion1 which ,aristotle      
commends4 ,in that civil commonwealth of
 ,china1 #bbhhthe mother strangles her  
child1 if she be not able to bring it   
up1 and had rather lose1 than sell it1  
or have it endure such misery as poor   
men do4 ,arnobius1 lib4 #g1 adversus    
gentes1 #bbhi,lactantius1 lib4 #e4 cap4 
#i4 objects as much to those ancient    
,greeks and ,romans1 they did expose    
their children to wild beasts1 strangle1
 or knock out their brains against a    
stone1 in such cases4 ,if we may give   
credit to #bbij,munster1 amongst us     

,christians in ,lithuania1 they         
voluntarily mancipate and sell          
themselves1 their wives and children to 
rich men1 to avoid hunger and beggary2  
#bbia many make away themselves in this 
extremity4 ,apicius the ,roman1 when he 
cast up his accounts1 and found but     
#ajj1jjj crowns left1 murdered himself  
for fear he should be famished to death4
 ,p4 ,forestus1 in his medicinal        
observations1 hath a memorable example  
of two brothers of ,louvain that1 being 
destitute of means1 became both         
melancholy1 and in a discontented humour
 massacred themselves4 ,another of a    
merchant1 learned1 wise otherwise and   
discreet1 but out of a deep apprehension
 he had of a loss at seas1 would not be 
persuaded but as #bbib,ventidius in the 
poet1 he should die a beggar4 ,in a     
word1 thus much ,i may conclude of poor 
men1 that though they have good         
#bbicparts they cannot show or make use 
of them3 #bbid;ab inopia ad virtutem    
obsepta est via1 'tis hard for a poor   

man to #bbie rise1 haud facile emergunt1
 quorum virtutibus obstat res angusta   
domi4 #bbif,the wisdom of the poor is   
despised1 and his words are not heard4  
,eccles4 vi4 #ai4 ,his works are        
rejected1 contemned1 for the baseness   
and obscurity of the author1 though     
laudable and good in themselves1 they   
will not likely take4 ,nulla placere    
diu1 neque vivere carmina possunt1 ,quae
 scribuntur atquae potoribus4------  ,no
 verses can please men or live long that
 are written by water-drinkers4 ,poor   
men cannot please1 their actions1       
counsels1 consultations1 projects1 are  
vilified in the world's esteem1 amittunt
 consilium in re1 which ,gnatho long    
since observed4 #bbig,sapiens crepidas  
sibi nunquam nec soleas fecit1 a wise   
man never cobbled shoes2 as he said of  
old1 but how doth he prove it8 ,i am    
sure we find it otherwise in our days1  
#bbih pruinosis horret facundia pannis4 
,homer himself must beg if he want      
means1 and as by report sometimes he did

 #bbii;go from door to door1 and sing   
ballads1 with a company of boys about   
him4 ,this common misery of theirs must 
needs distract1 make them discontent and
 melancholy1 as ordinarily they are1    
wayward1 peevish1 like a weary          
traveller1 for #bcjj ,fames et mora     
bilem in nares conciunt1 still murmuring
 and repining3 ,ob inopiam morosi sunt1 
quibus est male1 as ,plutarch quotes out
 of ,euripides1 and that comical poet   
well seconds1 #bcja,omnes quibus res    
sunt minus secundae1 nescio quomodo     
,suspitiosi1 ad contumeliam omnia       
accipiunt magis1 ,propter suam          
impotentiam se credunt negligi4  ,if    
they be in adversity1 they are more     
suspicious and apt to mistake3 they     
think themselves scorned by reason of   
their misery3 and therefore many        
generous spirits in such cases withdraw 
themselves from all company1 as that    
comedian #bcjb,terence is said to have  
done2 when he perceived himself to be   
forsaken and poor1 he voluntarily       

banished himself to ,stymphalus1 a base 
town in ,arcadia1 and there miserably   
died4 #bcjc------;ad summam inopiam     
redactus1 ,itaque e conspectu omnium    
abiit ,graeciae in terram ultimam4      
,neither is it without cause1 for we see
 men commonly respected according to    
their means1 7#bcjd;an dives sit omnes  
quaerunt1 nemo an bonus7 and vilified if
 they be in bad clothes4                
#bcje,philophaemen the orator was set to
 cut wood1 because he was so homely     
attired1 #bcjf,terentius was placed at  
the lower end of ,cecilius' table1      
because of his homely outside4 #bcjg    
,dante1 that famous ,italian poet1 by   
reason his clothes were but mean1 could 
not be admitted to sit down at a feast4 
,gnatho scorned his old familiar friend 
because of his apparel1 #bcjh;,hominem  
video pannis1 annisque obsitum1 hic ego 
illum contempsi prae me4 ,king ,persius 
overcome sent a letter to #bcji,paulus  
,aemilius1 the ,roman general2 ,persius 
,p4 ,consuli4 ,s4 but he scorned him any

 answer1 tacite exprobrans fortunam suam
 7saith mine author7 upbraiding him with
 a present fortune4 #bcaj;,carolus      
,pugnax1 that great duke of ,burgundy1  
made ,h4 ,holland1 late duke of ,exeter1
 exiled1 run after his horse like a     
lackey1 and would take no notice of him3
 #bcaa 'tis the common fashion of the   
world4 ,so that such men as are poor may
 justly be discontent1 melancholy1 and  
complain of their present misery1 and   
all may pray with #bcab,solomon1 ,give  
me1 ,o ,lord1 neither riches nor        
poverty2 feed me with food convenient   
for me4  ,,subsect4 ,,vii4--,a heap of  
other ,accidents causing ,melancholy1   
,death of ,friends1 ,losses1 c4  ,in    
this labyrinth of accidental causes1 the
 farther ,i wander1 the more intricate  
,i find the passage1 multae ambages1 and
 new causes as so many by-paths offer   
themselves to be discussed3 to search   
out all1 were an ,herculean work1 and   
fitter for ,theseus3 ,i will follow mine
 intended thread2 and point only at some

 few of the chiefest4 ,death of         
,friends4 ,amongst which1 loss and death
 of friends may challenge a first place1
 multi tristantur1 as #bcac,vives well  
observes1 post delicias1 convivia1 dies 
festos1 many are melancholy after a     
feast1 holiday1 merry meeting1 or some  
pleasing sport1 if they be solitary by  
chance1 left alone to themselves1       
without employment1 sport1 or want their
 ordinary companions1 some at the       
departure of friends only whom they     
shall shortly see again1 weep and howl1 
and look after them as a cow lows after 
her calf1 or a child takes on that goes 
to school after holidays4 ,ut me levarat
 tuus adventus1 sic discessus afflixit1 
7which #bcad,tully writ to ,atticus7 thy
 coming was not so welcome to me1 as thy
 departure was harsh4 ,montanus1 consil4
 #acb4 makes mention of a country woman 
that parting with her friends and native
 place1 became grievously melancholy for
 many years2 and ,trallianus of another1
 so caused for the absence of her       

husband3 which is an ordinary passion   
amongst our good wives1 if their husband
 tarry out a day longer than his        
appointed time1 or break his hour1 they 
take on presently with sighs and tears1 
he is either robbed1 or dead1 some      
mischance or other is surely befallen   
him1 they cannot eat1 drink1 sleep1 or  
be quiet in mind1 till they see him     
again4 ,if parting of friends1 absence  
alone can work such violent effects1    
what shall death do1 when they must     
eternally be separated1 never in this   
world to meet again8 ,this is so        
grievous a torment for the time1 that it
 takes away their appetite1 desire of   
life1 extinguisheth all delights1 it    
causeth deep sighs and groans1 tears1   
exclamations1 7,o dulce germen matris1 o
 sanguis meus1 ,eheu tepentes1 c4--o    
flos tener47#bcae  howling1 roaring1    
many bitter pangs1 #bcaflamentis        
gemituque et faemineo ululatu ,tecta    
fremunt7 and by frequent meditation     
extends so far sometimes1 #bcagthey     

think they see their dead friends       
continually in their eyes1 observantes  
imagines1 as ,conciliator confesseth he 
saw his mother's ghost presenting       
herself still before him4 ,quod nimis   
miseri volunt1 hoc facile credunt1      
still1 still1 still1 that good father1  
that good son1 that good wife1 that dear
 friend runs in their minds3 ,totus     
animus hac una cogitatione defixus est1 
all the year long1 as #bcah,pliny       
complains to ,romanus1 methinks ,i see  
,virginius1 ,i hear ,virginius1 ,i talk 
with ,virginius1 c4 #bcai,te sine1 vae  
misero mihi1 lilia nigra videntur1      
,pallentesque rosae1 nec dulce rubens   
hyacinthus1 ,nullos nec myrtus1 noc     
laurus spirat odores4  ,they that are   
most staid and patient1 are so furiously
 carried headlong by the passion of     
sorrow in this case1 that brave discreet
 men otherwise1 oftentimes forget       
themselves1 and weep like children many 
months together1 #bcbj;as if that they  
to water would1 and will not be         

comforted4 ,they are gone1 they are     
gone2 what shall ,i do8 ,abstulit atra  
dies et funere mersit acerbo1 ,quis     
dabit in lachrymas fontem mihi8 quis    
satis altos ,accendet gemitus1 et acerbo
 verba dolori8 ,exhaurit pietas oculos1 
et hiantia frangit ,pectora1 nec plenos 
avido sinit edere questus1 ,magna adeo  
jactura premit1 c4  ,fountains of tears 
who gives1 who lends me groans1 ,deep   
sighs sufficient to express my moans8   
,mine eyes are dry1 my breast in pieces 
torn1 ,my loss so great1 ,i cannot      
enough mourn4  ,so ,stroza ,filius1 that
 elegant ,italian poet1 in his          
,epicedium1 bewails his father's death1 
he could moderate his passions in other 
matters1 7as he confesseth7 but not in  
this1 lie yields wholly to sorrow1 ,nunc
 fateor do terga malis1 mens illa       
fatiscit1 ,indomitus quondam vigor et   
constantia mentis4  ,how doth           
#bcba,quintilian complain for the loss  
of his son1 to despair almost3 ,cardan  
lament his only child in his book de    

libris propriis1 and elsewhere in many  
of his tracts1 #bcbb,st4 ,ambrose his   
brother's death8 an ego possum non      
cogitare de te1 aut sine lachrymis      
cogitare8 ,o amari dies1 o flebiles     
noctes1 c4 ,can ,i ever cease to think  
of thee1 and to think with sorrow8 ,o   
bitter days1 ,o nights of sorrow1 c4    
,gregory ,nazianzen1 that noble         
,pulcheria6 ,o decorem1 c4 flos recens1 
pullulans1 c4 ,alexander1 a man of most 
invincible courage1 after ,hephestion's 
death1 as ,curtius relates1 triduum     
jacuit ad moriendum obstinatus1 lay     
three days together upon the ground1    
obstinate1 to die with him1 and would   
neither eat1 drink1 nor sleep4 ,the     
woman that communed with ,esdras 7lib4  
#b4 cap4 #aj47 when her son fell down   
dead4 fled into the field1 and would not
 return into the city1 but there        
resolved to remain1 neither to eat nor  
drink1 but mourn and fast until she     
died4 ,rachel wept for her children1 and
 would not be comforted because they    

were not4 ,matt4 ii4 #ah4 ,so did       
,adrian the emperor bewail his          
,antinous2 ,hercules1 ,hylas2 ,orpheus1 
,eurydice2 ,david1 ,absalom2 7,o my dear
 son ,absalom7 ,austin his mother       
,monica1 ,niobe her children1 insomuch  
that the #bcbcpoets feigned her to be   
turned into a stone1 as being stupefied 
through the extremity of grief4         
#bcbd;,aegeas1 signo lugubri filii      
consternatus1 in mare se proecipitatem  
dedit1 impatient of sorrow for his son's
 death1 drowned1 himself4 ,our late     
physicians are full of such examples4   
,montanus consil4 #bdb4 #bcbe;had a     
patient troubled with this infirmity1 by
 reason of her husband's death1 many    
years together4 ,trincavellius1 l4 #a4  
c4 #ad4 hath such another1 almost in    
despair1 after his #bcbfmother's        
departure1 ut se ferme proecipitatem    
daret2 and ready through distraction to 
make away himself3 and in his ,fifteenth
 counsel1 tells a story of one fifty    
years of age1 that grew desperate upon  

his mother's death2 and cured by        
,fallopius1 fell many years after into a
 relapse1 by the sudden death of a      
daughter which he had1 and could never  
after be recovered4 ,the fury of this   
passion is so violent sometimes1 that it
 daunts whole kingdoms and cities4      
,vespasian's death was pitifully        
lamented all over the ,roman empire1    
totus orbis lugebat1 saith ,aurelius    
,victor4 ,alexander commanded the       
battlements of houses to be pulled down1
 mules and horses to have their manes   
shorn off1 and many common soldiers to  
be slain1 to accompany his dear         
,hephestion's death2 which is now       
practised amongst the ,tartars1 when    
#bcbg;a great ,cham dieth1 ten or twelve
 thousand must be slain1 men and horses1
 all they meet2 and among those the     
#bcbh,pagan ,indians1 their wives and   
servants voluntarily die with them4 ,leo
 ,decimus was so much bewailed in ,rome 
after his departure1 that as ,jovius    
gives out1 #bcbi;communis salus1 publica

 hilaritas1 the common safety of all    
good fellowship1 peace1 mirth1 and      
plenty died with him1 tanquam eodem     
sepulchro cum ,leone condita lugebantur3
 for it was a golden age whilst he      
lived1 #bccj;but after his decease an   
iron season succeeded1 barbara vis et   
foeda vastitas1 et dira malorum omnium  
incommoda1 wars1 plagues1 vastity1      
discontent4 ,when ,augustus ,caesar     
died1 saith ,paterculus1 orbis ruinam   
timueramus1 we were all afraid1 as if   
heaven had fallen upon our heads4       
#bcca;,budaeus records1 how that1 at    
,lewis the ,twelfth his death1 tam      
subita mutatio1 ut qui prius digito     
coelum attingere videbantur1 nunc humi  
derepente serpere1 sideratos esse       
diceres1 they that were erst in heaven1 
upon a sudden1 as if they had been      
planet-strucken1 lay grovelling on the  
ground2 #bccb;,concussis cecidere       
animis1 seu frondibus ingens ,sylva     
dolet lapsis------  they looked like    
cropped trees4 #bccc;,at ,nancy in      

,lorraine1 when ,claudia ,valesia1      
,henry the ,second ,french king's       
sister1 and the duke's wife deceased1   
the temples for forty days were all shut
 up1 no prayers nor masses1 but in that 
room where she was4 ,the senators all   
seen in black1 and for a twelvemonth's  
space throughout the city1 they were    
forbid to sing or dance4 #bccd,non ulli 
pastos illis egre diebus ,frigida       
7,daphne7 boves ad flumina1 nulla nec   
amnem ,libavit quadrupes1 nec graminis  
attigit herbam4  ,the swains forgot     
their sheep1 nor near the brink ,of     
running waters brought their herds to   
drink2 ,the thirsty cattle1 of          
themselves1 abstained ,from water1 and  
their grassy fare disdain'd4  ,how were 
we affected here in ,england for our    
,titus1 deliciae1 humani generis1       
,prince ,henry's immature death1 as if  
all our dearest friends' lives had      
exhaled with his8 #bcce,scanderbeg's    
death was not so much lamented in       
,epirus4 ,in a word1 as #bccf;he saith  

of ,edward the ,first at the news of    
,edward of ,caernarvon his son's birth1 
immortaliter gavisus1 he was immortally 
glad1 may we say on the contrary of     
friends' deaths1 immortaliter gementes1 
we are diverse of us as so many turtles1
 eternally dejected with it4 ,there is  
another sorrow1 which arises from the   
loss of temporal goods and fortunes1    
which equally afflicts1 and may go hand 
in hand with the preceding2 loss of     
time1 loss of honour1 office1 of good   
name1 of labour1 frustrate hopes1 will  
much torment2 but in my judgment1 there 
is no torture like unto it1 or that     
sooner procureth this malady and        
mischief3 #bccg,ploratur lachrymis      
amissa pecunia veris3  ,lost money is   
bewailed with grief sincere4  it wrings 
true tears from our eyes1 many sighs1   
much sorrow from our hearts1 and often  
causes habitual melancholy itself1      
,guianerius tract4 #ae4 #e4 repeats this
 for an especial cause3 #bcch,loss of   
friends1 and loss of goods1 make many   

men melancholy1 as ,i have often seen by
 continual meditation of such things4   
,the same causes ,arnoldus ,villanovanus
 inculcates1 ,breviar4 l4 #a4 c4 #ah4 ex
 rerum amissione1 damno1 amicorum morte1
 c4 ,want alone will make a man mad1 to 
be ,sans argent will cause a deep and   
grievous melancholy4 ,many persons are  
affected like #bcci ,irishmen in this   
behalf1 who if they have a good         
scimitar1 had rather have a blow on     
their arm1 than their weapon hurt3 they 
will sooner lose their life1 than their 
goods3 and the grief that cometh hence1 
continueth long 7saith #bcdj,plater7 and
 out of many dispositions1 procureth an 
habit4 #bcda,montanus and ,frisemelica  
cured a young man of #bb years of age1  
that so became melancholy1 ab amissam   
pecuniam1 for a sum of money which he   
had unhappily lost4 ,sckenkius hath such
 another story of one melancholy1       
because he overshot himself1 and spent  
his stock in unnecessary building4      
#bcdb,roger that rich bishop of         

,salisbury1 exutus opibus et castris a  
,rege ,stephano1 spoiled of his goods by
 king ,stephen1 vi doloris absorptus1   
atque in amentiam versus1 indecentia    
fecit1 through grief ran mad1 spoke and 
did he knew not what4 ,nothing so       
familiar1 as for men in such cases1     
through anguish of mind to make away    
themselves4 ,a poor fellow went to hang 
himself1 7which ,ausonius hath elegantly
 expressed in a neat #bcdc;,epigram7 but
 finding by chance a pot of money1 flung
 away the rope1 and went merrily home1  
but he that hid the gold1 when he missed
 it1 hanged himself with that rope which
 the other man had left1 in a           
discontented humour4 ,at qui condiderat1
 postquam non reperit aurum1 ,aptavit   
collo1 quem reperit laqueum4  ,such     
feral accidents can want and penury     
produce4 ,be it by suretyship1          
shipwreck1 fire1 spoil and pillage of   
soldiers1 or what loss soever1 it boots 
not1 it will work the like effect1 the  
same desolation in provinces and cities1

 as well as private persons4 ,the       
,romans were miserably dejected after   
the battle of ,cannae1 the men amazed   
for fear1 the stupid women tore their   
hair and cried4 ,the ,hungarians1 when  
their king ,ladislaus and bravest       
soldiers were slain by the ,turks1      
,luctus publicus1 c4 ,the ,venetians    
when their forces were overcome by the  
,french king ,lewis1 the ,french and    
,spanish kings1 pope1 emperor1 all      
conspired against them1 at ,cambray1 the
 ,french herald denounced open war in   
the senate3 ,lauredane ,venetorum dux1  
c41 and they had lost ,padua1 ,brixia1  
,verona1 ,forum ,julii1 their           
territories in the continent1 and had   
now nothing left1 but the city of       
,venice itself1 et urbi quoque ipsi     
7saith #bcdd;,bembus7 timendum putarent1
 and the loss of that was likewise to be
 feared1 tantus repente dolor omnes     
tenuit1 ut nunquam1 alias1 c41 they were
 pitifully plunged1 never before in such
 lamentable distress4 ,anno #aebg1 when 

,rome was sacked by ,burbonius1 the     
common soldiers made such spoil1 that   
fair #bcde;churches were turned to      
stables1 old monuments and books made   
horse-litter1 or burned like straw2     
relics1 costly pictures defaced2 altars 
demolished1 rich hangings1 carpets1 c41 
trampled in the dirt4 #bcdf,their wives 
and loveliest daughters constuprated by 
every base cullion1 as ,sejanus'        
daughter was by the hangman in public1  
before their fathers and husbands'      
faces4 ,noblemen's children1 and of the 
wealthiest citizens1 reserved for       
princes' beds1 were prostitute to every 
common soldier1 and kept for concubines2
 senators and cardinals themselves      
dragged along the streets1 and put to   
exquisite torments1 to confess where    
their money was hid2 the rest1 murdered 
on heaps1 lay stinking in the streets2  
infants' brains dashed out before their 
mothers' eyes4 ,a lamentable sight it   
was to see so goodly a city so suddenly 
defaced1 rich citizens sent a begging to

 ,venice1 ,naples1 ,ancona1 c41 that    
erst lived in all manner of delights4   
#bcdg,those proud palaces that even now 
vaunted their tops up to heaven1 were   
dejected as low as hell in an instant4  
,whom will not such misery make         
discontent8 ,terence the poet drowned   
himself 7some say7 for the loss of his  
comedies1 which suffered shipwreck4     
,when a poor man hath made many hungry  
meals1 got together a small sum1 which  
he loseth in an instant2 a scholar spent
 many an hour's study to no purpose1 his
 labours lost1 c41 how should it        
otherwise be8 ,i may conclude with      
,gregory1 temporalium amor1 quantum     
afficit1 cum haeret possessio1 tantum   
quum subtrahitur1 urit dolor2 riches do 
not so much exhilarate us with their    
possession1 as they torment us with     
their loss4 ,next to sorrow still ,i may
 annex such accidents as procure fear2  
for besides those terrors which ,i have 
#bcdh;before touched1 and many other    
fears 7which are infinite7 there is a   

superstitious fear1 one of the three    
great causes of fear in ,aristotle1     
commonly caused by prodigies and dismal 
accidents1 which much trouble many of   
us1 7,nescio quid animus mihi praesagit 
mali47 ,as if a hare cross the way at   
our going forth1 or a mouse gnaw our    
clothes3 if they bleed three drops at   
nose1 the salt falls towards them1 a    
black spot appear in their nails1 c41   
with many such1 which ,delrio ,tom4 #b4 
l4 #c4 sect4 #d4 ,austin ,niphus in his 
book de ,auguriis4 ,polydore ,virg4 l4  
#c4 de ,prodigas4 ,sarisburiensis       
,polycrat4 l4 #a4 c4 #ac4 discuss at    
large4 ,they are so much affected1 that 
with the very strength of imagination1  
fear1 and the devil's craft1 #bcdithey  
pull those misfortunes they suspect1    
upon their own heads1 and that which    
they fear1 shall come upon them1 as     
,solomon fortelleth1 ,prov4 x4 #bd4 and 
,isaiah denounceth1 lxvi4 #d4 which if  
#bcejthey could neglect and contemn1    
would not come to pass1 ,eorum vires    

nostra resident opinione1 ut morbi      
gravitas 8grotantium cogitatione1 they  
are intended and remitted1 as our       
opinion is fixed1 more or less4 ,n4 ,n4 
dat poenas1 saith #bcea;,crato of such a
 one1 utinam non attraheret3 he is      
punished1 and is the cause of it #bceb  
himself3 #bcec;,dum fata fugimus fata   
stulti incurrimus1 the thing that ,i    
feared1 saith ,job1 is fallen upon me4  
,as much we may say of them that are    
troubled with their fortunes2 or ill    
destinies foreseen3 multos angit        
praecientia malorum3 ,the foreknowledge 
of what shall come to pass1 crucifies   
many men3 foretold by astrologers1 or   
wizards1 iratum ob coelum1 be it ill    
accident1 or death itself3 which often  
falls out by ,god's permission2 quia    
daemonem timent 7saith ,chrysostom7     
,deus ideo permittit accidere4 ,severus1
 ,adrian1 ,domitian1 can testify as     
much1 of whose fear and suspicion1      
,sueton1 ,herodian1 and the rest of     
those writers1 tell strange stories in  

this behalf4 #bced,montanus consil4 #ca4
 hath one example of a young man1       
exceeding melancholy upon this occasion4
 ,such fears have still tormented mortal
 men in all ages1 by reason of those    
lying oracles1 and juggling priests4    
#bcee,there was a fountain in ,greece1  
near ,ceres' temple in ,achaia1 where   
the event of such diseases was to be    
known2 ,a glass let down by a thread1 c4
 ,amongst those ,cyanean rocks at the   
springs of ,lycia1 was the oracle of    
,thrixeus ,apollo1 where all fortunes   
were foretold1 sickness1 health1 or what
 they would besides3 so common people   
have been always deluded with future    
events4 ,at this day1 ,metus futurorum  
maxime torquet ,sinas1 this foolish     
fear1 mightily crucifies them in ,china3
 as #bcef,matthew ,riccius the ,jesuit  
informeth us1 in his commentaries of    
those countries1 of all nations they are
 most superstitious1 and much tormented 
in this kind1 attributing so much to    
their divinators1 ut ipse metus fidem   

faciat1 that fear itself and conceit1   
cause it to #bceg;fall out3 ,if he      
foretell sickness such a day1 that very 
time they will be sick1 vi metus        
afflicti in aegritudinem cadunt2 and    
many times die as it is foretold4 ,a    
true saying1 ,timor mortis1 morte pejor1
 the fear of death is worse than death  
itself1 and the memory of that sad hour1
 to some fortunate and rich men1 is as  
bitter as gall1 ,eccl4 xli4 #a4         
,inquietam nobis vitam facit mortis     
metus1 a worse plague cannot happen to a
 man1 than to be so troubled in his     
mind2 'tis triste divortium1 a heavy    
separation1 to leave their goods1 with  
so much labour got1 pleasures of the    
world1 which they have so deliciously   
enjoyed1 friends and companions whom    
they so dearly loved1 all at once4      
,axicchus the philosopher was bold and  
courageous all his life1 and gave good  
precepts de contemnenda morte1 and      
against the vanity of the world1 to     
others2 but being now ready to die      

himself1 he was mightily dejected1 hac  
luce privabor8 his orbabor              
bonis8#bceh;he lamented like a child1 c4
 ,and though ,socrates himself was there
 to comfort him1 ubi pristina virtutum  
jactatio ,o ,axioche8 where is all your 
boasted virtue now1 my friend8 yet he   
was very timorous and impatient of      
death1 much troubled in his mind1       
,imbellis pavor et impatientia1 c4 ,o   
,clotho1 ,megapetus the tyrant in       
,lucian exclaims1 now ready to depart1  
let me live a while longer4 #bcei;,i    
will give thee a thousand talents of    
gold1 and two boles besides1 which ,i   
took from ,cleocritus1 worth a hundred  
talents apiece4 ,woe's me1 #bcfj saith  
another1 what goodly manors shall ,i    
leave6 what fertile fields6 what a fine 
house6 what pretty children6 how many   
servants6 who shall gather my grapes1 my
 corn8 ,must ,i now die so well settled8
 ,leave all1 so richly and well         
provided8 ,woe's me1 what shall ,i do8  
#bcfa;,animula vagula1 blandula1 qua    

nunc abibis in loca8 ,to these tortures 
of fear and sorrow1 may well be annexed 
curiosity1 that irksome1 that           
tyrannising care1 nimia solicitudo1     
#bcfbsuperfluous industry about         
unprofitable things1 and their          
qualities1 as ,thomas defines it3 an    
itching humour or a kind of longing to  
see that which is not to be seen1 to do 
that which ought not to be done1 to know
 that #bcfcsecret which should not be   
known1 to eat of the forbidden fruit4   
,we commonly molest and tire ourselves  
about things unfit and unnecessary1 as  
,martha troubled herself to little      
purpose4 ,be it in religion1 humanity1  
magic1 philosophy1 policy1 any action or
 study1 'tis a needless trouble1 a mere 
torment4 ,for what else is school       
divinity1 how many doth it puzzle8 what 
fruitless questions about the ,trinity1 
resurrection1 election1 predestination1 
reprobation1 hell-fire1 c41 how many    
shall be saved1 damned8 ,what else is   
all superstition1 but an endless        

observation of idle ceremonies1         
traditions8 ,what is most of our        
philosophy but a labyrinth of opinions1 
idle questions1 propositions1           
metaphysical terms8 ,socrates1          
therefore1 held all philosophers1       
cavillers1 and mad men1 circa subtilia  
,cavillatores pro insanis habuit1 palam 
eos arguens1 saith #bcfd;,eusebius1     
because they commonly sought after such 
things quae nec percipi a nobis neque   
comprehendi posset1 or put case they did
 understand1 yet they were altogether   
unprofitable4 ,for what matter is it for
 us to know how high the ,pleiades are1 
how far distant ,perseus and ,cassiopeia
 from us1 how deep the sea1 c41 we are  
neither wiser1 as he follows it1 nor    
modester1 nor better1 nor richer1 nor   
stronger for the knowledge of it4 ,quod 
supra nos nihil ad1 nos1 ,i may say the 
same of those genethliacal studies1 what
 is astrology but vain elections1       
predictions8 all magic1 but a           
troublesome error1 a pernicious foppery8

 physic1 but intricate rules and        
prescriptions8 philology1 but vain      
criticisms8 logic1 needless sophisms8   
metaphysics themselves1 but intricate   
subtleties1 and fruitless abstractions8 
alchemy1 but a bundle of errors8 to what
 end are such great tomes8 why do we    
spend so many years in their studies8   
,much better to know nothing at all1 as 
those barbarous ,indians are wholly     
ignorant1 than as some of us1 to be so  
sore vexed about unprofitable toys3     
stultus labor est ineptiarum1 to build a
 house without pins1 make a rope of     
sand1 to what end8 cui bono8 ,he studies
 on1 but as the boy told ,st4 ,austin1  
when ,i have laved the sea dry1 thou    
shalt understand the mystery of the     
,trinity4 ,he makes observations1 keeps 
times and seasons2 and as               
#bcfe;,conradus the emperor would not   
touch his new bride1 till an astrologer 
had told him a masculine hour1 but with 
what success8 ,he travels into ,europe1 
,africa1 ,asia1 searcheth every creek1  

sea1 city1 mountain1 gulf1 to what end8 
,see one promontory 7said ,socrates of  
old71 one mountain1 one sea1 one river1 
and see all4 ,an alchemist spends his   
fortunes to find out the philosopher's  
stone forsooth1 cure all diseases1 make 
men long-lived1 victorious1 fortunate1  
invisible1 and beggars himself1 misled  
by those seducing impostors 7which he   
shall never attain7 to make gold2 an    
antiquary consumes his treasure and time
 to scrape up a company of old coins1   
statues1 rules1 edicts1 manuscripts1 c41
 he must know what was done of old in   
,athens1 ,rome1 what lodging1 diet1     
houses they had1 and have all the       
present news at first1 though never so  
remote1 before all others1 what         
projects1 counsels1 consultations1 c41  
quid ,juno in aurem insusurret ,jovi1   
what's now decreed in ,france1 what in  
,italy3 who was he1 whence comes he1    
which way1 whither goes he1 c4          
,aristotle must find out the motion of  
,euripus2 ,pliny must needs see         

,vesuvius1 but how sped they8 ,one      
loseth goods1 another his life2 ,pyrrhus
 will conquer ,africa first1 and then   
,asia3 he will be a sole monarch1 a     
second immortal1 a third rich2 a fourth 
commands4 #bcff ,turbine magno spes     
solicitae in urbibus errant2 we run1    
ride1 take indefatigable pains1 all up  
early1 down late1 striving to get that  
which we had better be without1         
7,ardelion's busybodies as we are7 it   
were much fitter for us to be quiet1 sit
 still1 and take our ease4 ,his sole    
study is for words1 that they           
be--,lepidae lexeis compostae1 ut       
tesserulae omnes1 not a syllable        
misplaced1 to set out a stramineous     
subject3 as thine is about apparel1 to  
follow the fashion1 to be terse and     
polite1 'tis thy sole business3 both    
with like profit4 ,his only delight is  
building1 he spends himself to get      
curious pictures1 intricate models and  
plots1 another is wholly ceremonious    
about titles1 degrees1 inscriptions3 a  

third is over-solicitous about his diet1
 he must have such and such exquisite   
sauces1 meat so dressed1 so far-fetched1
 peregrini aeris volucres1 so cooked1   
c41 something to provoke thirst1        
something anon to quench his thirst4    
,thus he redeems his appetite with      
extraordinary charge to his purse1 is   
seldom pleased with any meal1 whilst a  
trivial stomach useth all with delight  
and is never offended4 ,another must    
have roses in winter1 alieni temporis   
flores1 snow-water in summer1 fruits    
before they can be or are usually ripe1 
artificial gardens and fishponds on the 
tops of houses1 all things opposite to  
the vulgar sort1 intricate and rare1 or 
else they are nothing worth4 ,so busy1  
nice1 curious wits1 make that           
insupportable in all vocations1 trades1 
actions1 employments1 which to duller   
apprehensions is not offensive1         
earnestly seeking that which others so  
scornfully neglect4 ,thus through our   
foolish curiosity do we macerate        

ourselves1 tire our souls1 and run      
headlong1 through our indiscretion1     
perverse will1 and want of government1  
into many needless cares1 and troubles1 
vain expenses1 tedious journeys1 painful
 hours2 and when all is done1 quorsum   
haec8 cui bono8 to what end8            
#bcfg,nescire velle quae ,magister      
maximus ,docere non vult1 erudita       
inscitia est4  ,unfortunate marriage4   
,amongst these passions and irksome     
accidents1 unfortunate marriage may be  
ranked3 a condition of life appointed by
 ,god himself in ,paradise1 an          
honourable and happy estate1 and as     
great a felicity as can befall a man in 
this world1 #bcfh;if the parties can    
agree as they ought1 and live as        
#bcfi,seneca lived with his ,paulina2   
but if they be unequally matched1 or at 
discord1 a greater misery cannot be     
expected1 to have a scold1 a slut1 a    
harlot1 a fool1 a fury or a fiend1 there
 can be no such plague4 ,eccles4 xxvi4  
#ad1 ,he that hath her is as if he held 

a scorpion1 c4 xxvi4 #be1 a wicked wife 
makes a sorry countenance1 a heavy      
heart1 and he had rather dwell with a   
lion than keep house with such a wife4  
,her #bcgjproperties ,jovianus ,pontanus
 hath described at large1 ,ant4 dial4   
,tom4 #b1 under the name of ,euphorbia4 
,or if they be not equal in years1 the  
like mischief happens4 ,cecilius in     
,agellius lib4 #b4 cap4 #bc1 complains  
much of an old wife1 dum ejus morti     
inhio1 egomet mortuus vivo inter vivos1 
whilst ,i gape after her death1 ,i live 
a dead man amongst the living1 or if    
they dislike upon any occasion1         
#bcga;,judge who that are unfortunately 
wed ,what 'tis to come into a loathed   
bed4  ,the same inconvenience befalls   
women4 #bcgb;,at vos o duri miseram     
lugete parentes1 ,si ferro aut laqueo   
laeva hac me exsolvere sorte            
,sustineo3------  ,hard hearted parents 
both lament my fate1 ,if self ,i kill or
 hang1 to ease my state4  #bcgc;,a young
 gentlewoman in ,basil was married1     

saith ,felix ,plater1 observat4 l4 #a1  
to an ancient man against her will1 whom
 she could not affect2 she was          
continually melancholy1 and pined away  
for grief2 and though her husband did   
all he could possibly to give her       
content1 in a discontented humour at    
length she hanged herself4 ,many other  
stories he relates in this kind4 ,thus  
men are plagued with women2 they again  
with men1 when they are of divers       
humours and conditions2 he a            
spendthrift1 she sparing2 one honest1   
the other dishonest1 c4 ,parents many   
times disquiet their children1 and they 
their parents4 #bcgd;,a foolish son is  
an heaviness to his mother4 ,injusta    
noverca3 a stepmother often vexeth a    
whole family1 is matter of repentance1  
exercise of patience1 fuel of           
dissension1 which made ,cato's son      
expostulate with his father1 why he     
should offer to marry his client        
,solinius' daughter1 a young wench1     
,cujus causa novercam induceret2 what   

offence had he done1 that he should     
marry again8 ,unkind1 unnatural friends1
 evil neighbours1 bad servants1 debts   
and debates1 c41 'twas ,chilon's        
sentence1 comes aeris alieni et litis   
est miseria1 misery and usury do        
commonly together2 suretyship is the    
bane of many families1 ,sponde1 praesto 
noxa est3 he shall be sore vexed that is
 surety for a stranger1 ,prov4 xi4 #ae1 
and he that hateth suretyship is sure4  
,contention1 brawling1 lawsuits1 falling
 out of neighbours and                  
friends4--discordia demens 7,virg4 ,aen4
 #f17 are equal to the first1 grieve    
many a man1 and vex his soul4 ,nihil    
sane miserabilius eorum mentibus1 7as   
#bcge;,boter holds7 nothing so miserable
 as such men1 full of cares1 griefs1    
anxieties1 as if they were stabbed with 
a sharp sword1 fear1 suspicion1         
desperation1 sorrow1 are their ordinary 
companions4 ,our ,welshmen are noted by 
some of their #bcgfown writers1 to      
consume one another in this kind2 but   

whosoever they are that use it1 these   
are their common symptoms1 especially if
 they be convict or overcome1 #bcgg;cast
 in a suit4 ,arius put out of a         
bishopric by ,eustathius1 turned        
heretic1 and lived after discontented   
all his life4 #bcgh;,every repulse is of
 like nature2 heu quanta de spe decidi6 
,disgrace1 infamy1 detraction1 will     
almost effect as much1 and that a long  
time after4 ,hipponax1 a satirical poet1
 so vilified and lashed two painters in 
his iambics1 ut ambo laqueo se          
suffocarent1 #bcgi,pliny saith1 both    
hanged themselves4 ,all oppositions1    
dangers1 perplexities1 discontents1     
#bchjto live in any suspense1 are of the
 same rank3 potes hoc sub casu ducere   
somnos8 ,who can be secure in such      
cases8 ,ill-bestowed benefits1          
ingratitude1 unthankful friends1 much   
disquiet and molest some4 ,unkind       
speeches trouble as many2 uncivil       
carriage or dogged answers1 weak women  
above the rest1 if they proceed from    

their surly husbands1 are as bitter as  
gall1 and not to be digested4 ,a        
glassman's wife in ,basil became        
melancholy because her husband said he  
would marry again if she died4 ,no cut  
to unkindness1 as the saying is1 a frown
 and hard speech1 ill respect1 a        
browbeating1 or bad look1 especially to 
courtiers1 or such as attend upon great 
persons1 is present death3 ,ingenium    
vultu statque caditque suo1 they ebb and
 flow with their masters' favours4 ,some
 persons are at their wits' ends1 if by 
chance they overshoot themselves1 in    
their ordinary speeches1 or actions1    
which may after turn to their           
disadvantage or disgrace1 or have any   
secret disclosed4 ,ronseus epist4       
miscel4 #b1 reports of a gentlewoman #be
 years old1 that falling foul with one  
of her gossips1 was upbraided with a    
secret infirmity 7no matter what7 in    
public1 and so much grieved with it1    
that she did thereupon solitudines      
quaerere omnes ab se ablegare1 ac tandem

 in gravissimam incidens melancholiam1  
contabescere1 forsake all company1 quite
 moped1 and in a melancholy humour pine 
away4 ,others are as much tortured to   
see themselves rejected1 contemned1     
scorned1 disabled1 defamed1 detracted1  
undervalued1 or #bchaleft behind their  
fellows4 ,lucian brings in ,aetamacles1 
a philosopher in his ,lapith4 convivio1 
much discontented that he was not       
invited amongst the rest1 expostulating 
the matter1 in a long epistle1 with     
,aristenetus their host4 ,praetextatus1 
a robed gentleman in ,plutarch1 would   
not sit down at a feast1 because he     
might not sit highest1 but went his ways
 all in a chafe4 ,we see the common     
quarrelings1 that are ordinary with us1 
for taking of the wall1 precedency1 and 
the like1 which though toys in          
themselves1 and things of no moment1 yet
 they cause many distempers1 much       
heart-burning amongst us4 ,nothing      
pierceth deeper than a contempt or      
disgrace1 #bchb;especially if they be   

generous spirits1 scarce anything       
affects them more than to be despised or
 vilified4 ,crato1 consil4 #af1 l4 #b1  
exemplifies it1 and common experience   
confirms it4 ,of the same nature is     
oppression1 ,ecclus4 #gg1 surely        
oppression makes a man mad1 loss of     
liberty1 which made ,brutus venture his 
life1 ,cato kill himself1 and           
#bchc,tully complain1 ,omnem hilaritatem
 in perpetuum amisi1 mine heart's       
broken1 ,i shall never look up1 or be   
merry again1 #bchd;haec jactura         
intolerabilis1 to some parties 'tis a   
most intolerable loss4 ,banishment a    
great misery1 as ,tyrteus describes it  
in an epigram of his1  ,nam miserum est 
patria amissa1 laribusque vagari        
,mendicum1 et timida voce rogare cibos3 
,omnibus invisus1 quocunque accesserit  
exul ,semper erit1 semper spretus       
egensque jacet1 c4   ,a miserable thing 
'tis so to wander1 ,and like a beggar   
for to whine at door1  ,contemn'd of all
 the world1 an exile is1 ,hated1        

rejected1 needy still and poor4         
,polynices in his conference with       
,jocasta in #bche;,euripides1 reckons up
 five miseries of a banished man1 the   
least of which alone were enough to     
deject some pusillanimous creatures4    
,oftentimes a too great feeling of our  
own infirmities or imperfections of body
 or mind1 will shrivel us up2 as if we  
be long sick3 ,o beata sanitas1 te      
praesente1 amaenum ,ver florit gratiis1 
absque te nemo beatus3  ,o blessed      
health6 thou art above all gold and     
treasure1 ,ecclus4 xxx4 #ae1 the poor   
man's riches1 the rich man's bliss1     
without thee there can be no happiness3 
or visited with some loathsome disease1 
offensive to others1 or troublesome to  
ourselves2 as a stinking breath1        
deformity of our limbs1 crookedness1    
loss of an eye1 leg1 hand1 paleness1    
leanness1 redness1 baldness1 loss or    
want of hair1 c41 hic ubi fluere caepit1
 diros ictus cordi infert1 saith        
#bchf,synesius1 he himself troubled not 

a little ob comae defectum1 the loss of 
hair alone1 strikes a cruel stroke to   
the heart4 ,acco1 an old woman1 seeing  
by chance her face in a true glass 7for 
she used false flattering glasses belike
 at other times1 as most gentlewomen    
do17 animi dolore in insaniam delapsa   
est1 7,caelius ,rhodiginus l4 #ag1 c4   
#b17 ran mad4 #bchg;,brotheus1 the son  
of ,vulcan1 because he was ridiculous   
for his imperfections1 flung himself    
into the fire4 ,lais of ,corinth1 now   
grown old1 gave up her glass to ,venus1 
for she could not abide to look upon it4
 #bchh,qualis sum nolo1 qualis eram     
nequeo4 ,generally to fair nice pieces1 
old age and foul linen are two most     
odious things1 a torment of torments1   
they may not abide the thought of it1   
#bchi------o deorum ,quisquis haec      
audis1 utinam inter errem  ,nuda leones1
  ,antequam turpis macies decentes      
,occupet malas1 teneraeque succus       
,defluat praedae1 speciosa quaerro      
,pascere tigres4   ,hear me1 some       

gracious heavenly power1 ,let lions dire
 this naked corse devour4 ,my cheeks ere
 hollow wrinkles seize4 ,ere yet their  
rosy bloom decays3 ,while youth yet     
rolls its vital flood1 ,let tigers      
friendly riot in my blood4  ,to be foul1
 ugly1 and deformed1 much better be     
buried alive4 ,some are fair but barren1
 and that galls them4 ,hannah wept sore1
 did not eat1 and was troubled in       
spirit1 and all for her barrenness1 #a  
,sam4 #a4 and ,gen4 #cj4 ,rachel said in
 the anguish of her soul1 give me a     
child1 or ,i shall die3 another hath too
 many3 one was never married1 and that's
 his hell1 another is1 and that's his   
plague4 ,some are troubled in that they 
are obscure2 others by being traduced1  
slandered1 abused1 disgraced1 vilified1 
or any way injured3 minime miror eos 7as
 he said7 qui insanire occipiunt ex     
injuria1 ,i marvel not at all if        
offences make men mad4 ,seventeen       
particular causes of anger and offence  
,aristotle reckons them up1 which for   

brevity's sake ,i must omit4 ,no tidings
 troubles one2 ill reports1 rumours1 bad
 tidings or news1 hard hap1 ill success1
 cast in a suit1 vain hopes1 or hope    
deferred1 another3 expectation1 adeo    
omnibus in rebus molesta semper est     
expectatio1 as #bcij,polybius observes2 
one is too eminent1 another too base    
born1 and that alone tortures him as    
much as the rest3 one is out of action1 
company1 employment2 another overcome   
and tormented with worldly cares1 and   
onerous business4 ,but what #bciatongue 
can suffice to speak of all8 ,many men  
catch this malady by eating certain     
meats1 herbs1 roots1 at unawares2 as    
henbane1 nightshade1 cicuta1 mandrakes1 
c4 #bcib;,a company of young men at     
,agrigentum in ,sicily1 came into a     
tavern2 where after they had freely     
taken their liquor1 whether it were the 
wine itself1 or something mixed with it 
'tis not yet known1 #bcic;but upon a    
sudden they began to be so troubled in  
their brains1 and their phantasy so     

crazed1 that they thought they were in a
 ship at sea1 and now ready to be cast  
away by reason of a tempest4 ,wherefore 
to avoid shipwreck and present drowning1
 they flung all the goods in the house  
out at the windows into the street1 or  
into the sea1 as they supposed2 thus    
they continued mad a pretty season1 and 
being brought before the magistrate to  
give an account of this their fact1 they
 told him 7not yet recovered of their   
madness7 that what was done they did for
 fear of death1 and to avoid imminent   
danger3 the spectators were all amazed  
at this their stupidity1 and gazed on   
them still1 whilst one of the ancientest
 of the company1 in a grave tone1       
excused himself to the magistrate upon  
his knees1 ,o viri ,tritones1 ego in imo
 jacui1 ,i beseech your deities1 c4 for 
,i was in the bottom of the ship all the
 while3 another besought them as so many
 sea gods to be good unto them1 and if  
ever he and his fellows came to land    
again1 #bcid;he would build an altar to 

their service4 ,the magistrate could not
 sufficiently laugh at this their       
madness1 bid them sleep it out1 and so  
went his ways4 ,many such accidents     
frequently happen1 upon these unknown   
occasions4 ,some are so caused by       
philters1 wandering in the sun1 biting  
of a mad dog1 a blow on the head1       
stinging with that kind of spider called
 tarantula1 an ordinary thing if we may 
believe ,skeuck4 l4 #f4 de ,venenis1 in 
,calabria and ,apulia in ,italy1        
,cardan1 subtil4 l4 #i4 ,scaliger       
exercitat4 #ahe4 ,their symptoms are    
merrily described by ,jovianus          
,pontanus1 ,ant4 dial4 how they dance   
altogether1 and are cured by music4     
#bcie;,cardan speaks of certain stones1 
if they be carried about one1 which will
 cause melancholy and madness2 he calls 
them unhappy1 as an #bcif;adamant1      
selenites1 c4 which dry up the body1    
increase cares1 diminish sleep3 ,ctesias
 in ,persicis1 makes mention of a well  
in those parts1 of which if any man     

drink1 #bcig;he is mad for #bd hours4   
,some lose their wits by terrible       
objects 7as elsewhere ,i have more      
#bcih;copiously dilated7 and life itself
 many times1 as ,hippolitus affrighted  
by ,neptune's seahorses1 ,athemas by    
,juno's furies3 but these relations are 
common in all writers4 #bcii;,hic alias 
poteram1 et plures subnectere causas1   
,sed jumenta vocant1 et ,sol inclinat1  
,eundum est4  ,many such causes1 much   
more could ,i say1 ,but that for        
provender my cattle stay3 ,the sun      
declines1 and ,i must needs away4       
,these causes if they be considered1 and
 come alone1 ,i do easily yield1 can do 
little of themselves1 seldom1 or apart  
7an old oak is not felled at a blow7    
though many times they are all          
sufficient every one3 yet if they       
concur1 as often they do1 vis unita     
fortior2 et quae non obsunt singula1    
multa nocent1 they may batter a strong  
constitution2 as #bdjj;,austin said1    
many grains and small sands sink a ship1

 many small drops make a flood1 c41     
often reiterated2 many dispositions     
produce an habit4  ,,memb4 ,v4          
,,subsect4 ,i4--,continent1 inward1     
antecedent1 next causes and how the body
 works on the mind4  ,as a purlieu      
hunter1 ,i have hitherto beaten about   
the circuit of the forest of this       
microcosm1 and followed only those      
outward adventitious causes4 ,i will now
 break into the inner rooms1 and rip up 
the antecedent immediate causes which   
are there to be found4 ,for as the      
distraction of the mind1 amongst other  
outward causes and perturbations1 alters
 the temperature of the body1 so the    
distraction and distemper of the body   
will cause a distemperature of the soul1
 and 'tis hard to decide which of these 
two do more harm to the other4 ,plato1  
,cyprian1 and some others1 as ,i have   
formerly said1 lay the greatest fault   
upon the soul1 excusing the body2 others
 again accusing the body1 excuse the    
soul1 as a principal agent4 ,their      

reasons are1 because #bdjathe manners do
 follow the temperature of the body1 as 
,galen proves in his book of that       
subject1 ,prosper ,calenius de ,atra    
bile1 ,jason ,pratensis c4 de ,mania1   
,lemnius l4 #d4 c4 #af4 and many others4
 ,and that which ,gualter hath          
commented1 hom4 #aj4 in epist4          
,johannis1 is most true1 concupiscence  
and originals in1 inclinations1 and bad 
humours1 are #bdjbradical in every one  
of us1 causing these perturbations1     
affections1 and several distempers1     
offering many times violence unto the   
soul4 ,every man is tempted by his own  
concupiscence 7,james i4 #ad71 the      
spirit is willing but the flesh is weak1
 and rebelleth against the spirit1 as   
our #bdjc;apostle teacheth us3 that     
methinks the soul hath the better plea  
against the body1 which so forcibly     
inclines us1 that we cannot resist1 ,nec
 nos obniti contra1 nec tendere tantum  
sufficimus4 ,how the body being         
material1 worketh upon the immaterial   

soul1 by mediation of humours and       
spirits1 which participate of both1 and 
ill-disposed organs1 ,cornelius ,agrippa
 hath discoursed lib4 #a4 de occult4    
,philos4 cap4 #fc1 #fd1 #fe4 ,levinus   
,lemnius lib4 #a4 de occult4 nat4 mir4  
cap4 #ab4 et #af4 et #ba4 institut4 ad  
opt4 vit4 ,perkins lib4 #a4 ,cases of   
,cons4 cap4 #ab4 ,t4 ,bright c4 #aj1    
#aa1 #ab4 in his treatise of melancholy1
 for as1 #bdjd anger1 fear1 sorrow1     
obtrectation1 emulation1 c4 si mentis   
intimos recessus occuparint1 saith      
#bdje,lemnius1 corpori quoque infesta   
sunt1 et illi teterrimos morbos         
inferunt1 cause grievous diseases in the
 body1 so bodily diseases affect the    
soul by consent4 ,now the chiefest      
causes proceed from the #bdjf;heart1    
humours1 spirits3 as they are purer1 or 
impurer1 so is the mind1 and equally    
suffers1 as a lute out of tune1 if one  
string or one organ be distempered1 all 
the rest miscarry1 #bdjg;corpus onustum 
hesternis vitiis1 animum quoque         

praegravat una4 ,the body is domicilium 
animae1 her house1 abode1 and stay2 and 
as a torch gives a better light1 a      
sweeter smell1 according to the matter  
it is made of2 so doth our soul perform 
all her actions1 better or worse1 as her
 organs are disposed2 or as wine savours
 of the cask wherein it is kept2 the    
soul receives a tincture from the body1 
through which it works4 ,we see this in 
old men1 children1 ,europeans2 ,asians1 
hot and cold climes2 sanguine are merry1
 melancholy sad1 phlegmatic dull1 by    
reason of abundance of those humours1   
and they cannot resist such passions    
which are inflicted by them4 ,for in    
this infirmity of human nature1 as      
,melancthon declares1 the understanding 
is so tied to1 and captivated by his    
inferior senses1 that without their help
 he cannot exercise his functions1 and  
the will being weakened1 hath but a     
small power to restrain those outward   
parts1 but suffers herself to be        
overruled by them2 that ,i must needs   

conclude with ,lemnius1 spiritus et     
humores maximum nocumentum obtinent1    
spirits and humours do most harm in     
#bdjhtroubling the soul4 ,how should a  
man choose but be choleric and angry1   
that hath his body so clogged with      
abundance of gross humours8 or          
melancholy1 that is so inwardly         
disposed8 ,that thence comes then this  
malady1 madness1 apoplexies1 lethargies1
 c4 it may not be denied4 ,now this body
 of ours is most part distempered by    
some precedent diseases1 which molest   
his inward organs and instruments1 and  
so per consequens cause melancholy1     
according to the consent of the most    
approved physicians4 #bdji,this humour  
7as ,avicenna l4 #c4 ,fen4 #a4 ,tract4  
#d4 c4 #ah4 ,arnoldus breviar4 l4 #a4 c4
 #ah4 ,jacchinus comment4 in #i ,rhasis1
 c4 #ae4 ,montaltus1 c4 #aj4 ,nicholas  
,piso c4 de ,melan4 c4 suppose7 is      
begotten by the distemperature of some  
inward part1 innate1 or left after some 
inflammation1 or else included in the   

blood after an #bdaj;ague1 or some other
 malignant disease4 ,this opinion of    
theirs concurs with that of ,galen1 l4  
#c4 c4 #f4 de locis affect4 ,guianerius 
gives an instance in one so caused by a 
quartan ague1 and ,montanus consil4 #cb4
 in a young man of twenty-eight years of
 age1 so distempered after a quartan1   
which had molested him five years       
together2 ,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 de    
,mania1 relates of a ,dutch baron1      
grievously tormented with melancholy    
after a long #bdaa;ague3 ,galen1 l4 de  
atra bile1 c4 #d4 puts the plague a     
cause4 ,botaldus in his book de lue     
vener4 c4 #b4 the ,french pox for a     
cause1 others1 frenzy1 epilepsy1        
apoplexy1 because those diseases do     
often degenerate into this4 ,of         
suppression of haemorrhoids1            
haemorrhagia1 or bleeding at the nose1  
menstruous retentions1 7although they   
deserve a larger explication1 as being  
the sole cause of a proper kind of      
melancholy1 in more ancient maids1 nuns 

and widows1 handled apart by ,rodericus 
a ,castro1 and ,mercatus1 as ,i have    
elsewhere signified17 or any other      
evacuation stopped1 ,i have already     
spoken4 ,only this ,i will add1 that    
this melancholy which shall be caused by
 such infirmities1 deserves to be pitied
 of all men1 and to be respected with a 
more tender compassion1 according to    
,laurentius1 as coming from a more      
inevitable cause4  ,,subsect4           
,,ii4--,distemperature of particular    
,parts1 causes4  ,there is almost no    
part of the body1 which being           
distempered1 doth not cause this malady1
 as the brain and his parts1 heart1     
liver1 spleen1 stomach1 matrix or womb1 
pylorus1 mirach1 mesentery1             
hypochondries1 mesaraic veins2 and in a 
word1 saith #bdab;,arculanus1 there is  
no part which causeth not melancholy1   
either because it is adust1 or doth not 
expel the superfluity of the nutriment4 
,savanarola ,pract4 major4 rubric4 #aa4 
,tract4 #f4 cap4 #a4 is of the same     

opinion1 that melancholy is engendered  
in each particular part1 and            
#bdac;,crato in consil4 #ag4 lib4 #b4   
,gordonius1 who is instar omnium1 lib4  
med4 partic4 #b4 cap4 #ai4 confirms as  
much1 putting the #bdadmatter of        
melancholy1 sometimes in the stomach1   
liver1 heart1 brain1 spleen1 mirach1    
hypochondries1 when as the melancholy   
humour resides there1 or the liver is   
not well cleansed from melancholy blood4
 ,the brain is a familiar and frequent  
cause1 too hot1 or too cold1 #bdae      
through adust blood so caused1 as       
,mercurialis will have it1 within or    
without the head1 the brain itself being
 distempered4 ,those are most apt to    
this disease1 #bdafthat have a hot heart
 and moist brain1 which ,montaltus cap4 
#aa4 de ,melanch4 approves out of       
,halyabbas1 ,rhasis1 and ,avicenna4     
,mercurialis consil4 #aa4 assigns the   
coldness of the brain a cause1 and      
,salustius ,salvianus med4 lect4 l4 #b4 
c4 #a4 #bdagwill have it arise from a   

cold and dry distemperature of the      
brain4 ,piso1 ,benedictus ,victorius    
,faventinus1 will have it proceed from a
 #bdah;hot distemperature of the brain2 
and #bdai,montaltus cap4 #aj4 from the  
brain's heat1 scorching the blood4 ,the 
brain is still distempered by himself1  
or by consent3 by himself or his proper 
affection1 as ,faventinus calls it1     
#bdbjor by vapours which arise from the 
other parts1 and fume up into the head1 
altering the animal facilities4         
,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 de ,mania1      
thinks it may be caused from a #bdba    
distemperature of the heart2 sometimes  
hot2 sometimes cold4 ,a hot liver1 and a
 cold stomach1 are put for usual causes 
of melancholy3 ,mercurialis consil4 #aa4
 et consil4 #f4 consil4 #hf4 assigns a  
hot liver and cold stomach for ordinary 
causes4 #bdbb,monavius1 in an epistle of
 his to ,crato in ,scoltzius1 is of     
opinion1 that hypochondriacal melancholy
 may proceed from a cold liver2 the     
question is there discussed4 ,most agree

 that a hot liver is in fault2 #bdbcthe 
liver is the shop of humours1 and       
especially causeth melancholy by his hot
 and dry distemperature4 #bdbd,the      
stomach and mesaraic veins do often     
concur1 by reason of their obstructions1
 and thence their heat cannot be        
avoided1 and many times the matter is so
 adust and inflamed in those parts1 that
 it degenerates into hypochondriacal    
melancholy4 ,guianerius c4 #b4 ,tract4  
#ae4 holds the mesaraic veins to be a   
sufficient #bdbe;cause alone4 ,the      
spleen concurs to this malady1 by all   
their consents1 and suppression of      
haemorrhoids1 dum non expurget alter a  
causa lien1 saith ,montaltus1 if it be  
#bdbftoo cold and dry1 and do not purge 
the other parts as it ought1 consil4    
#bc4 ,montanus puts the #bdbg spleen    
stopped for a great cause4              
#bdbh;,christophorus a ,vega reports of 
his knowledge1 that he hath known       
melancholy caused from putrefied blood  
in those seed-veins and womb2           

#bdbi;,arculanus1 from that menstruous  
blood turned into melancholy1 and seed  
too long detained 7as ,i have already   
declared7 by putrefaction or adustion4  
,the mesenterium1 or midriff1           
diaphragma1 is a cause which the        
#bdcj;,greeks called 3 because by his   
inflammation1 the mind is much troubled 
with convulsions and dotage4 ,all these1
 most part1 offend by inflammation1     
corrupting humours and spirits1 in this 
non-natural melancholy3 for from these  
are engendered fuliginous and black     
spirits4 ,and for that reason           
#bdca,montaltus cap4 #aj4 de causis     
melan4 will have the efficient cause of 
melancholy to be hot and dry1 not a cold
 and dry distemperature1 as some hold1  
from the heat of the brain1 roasting the
 blood1 immoderate heat of the liver and
 bowels1 and inflammation of the        
pylorus4 ,and so much the rather1       
because that1 as ,galen holds1 all      
spices inflame the blood1 solitariness1 
waking1 agues1 study1 meditation1 all   

which heat3 and therefore he concludes  
that this distemperature causing        
adventitious melancholy is not cold and 
dry1 but hot and dry4 ,but of this ,i   
have sufficiently treated in the matter 
of melancholy1 and hold that this may be
 true in non-natural melancholy1 which  
produceth madness1 but not in that      
natural1 which is more cold1 and being  
immoderate1 produceth a gentle dotage4  
#bdcb,which opinion ,geraldus de ,solo  
maintains in his comment upon ,rhasis4  
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,causes of           
,head-,melancholy4  ,after a tedious    
discourse of the general causes of      
melancholy1 ,i am now returned at last  
to treat in brief of the three          
particular species1 and such causes as  
properly appertain unto them4 ,although 
these causes promiscuously concur to    
each and every particular kind1 and     
commonly produce their effects in that  
part which is most ill-disposed1 and    
least able to resist1 and so cause all  
three species1 yet many of them are     

proper to some one kind1 and seldom     
found in the rest4 ,as for example1     
head-melancholy is commonly caused by a 
cold or hot distemperature of the brain1
 according to ,laurentius cap4 #e de    
melan4 but as #bdcc;,hercules de        
,saxonia contends1 from that agitation  
or distemperature of the animal spirits 
alone4 ,salust4 ,salvianus1 before      
mentioned1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #c4 de re med4 
will have it proceed from cold3 but that
 ,i take of natural melancholy1 such as 
are fools and dote3 for as ,galen writes
 lib4 #d4 de puls4 #h4 and ,avicenna1   
#bdcd;a cold and moist brain is an      
inseparable companion of folly4 ,but    
this adventitious melancholy which is   
here meant1 is caused of a hot and dry  
distemperature1 as #bdce;,damascen the  
,arabian lib4 #c4 cap4 #bb4 thinks1 and 
most writers3 ,altomarus and ,piso call 
it #bdcf;an innate burning              
intemperateness1 turning blood and      
choler into melancholy4 ,both these     
opinions may stand good1 as ,bruel      

maintains1 and ,capivaccius1 si cerebrum
 sit calidius1 #bdcg;if the brain be    
hot1 the animal spirits will be hot1 and
 thence comes madness2 if cold1 folly4  
,david ,crusius ,theat4 morb4 ,hermet4  
lib4 #b4 cap4 #f4 de atra bile1 grants  
melancholy to be a disease of an        
inflamed brain1 but cold notwithstanding
 of itself3 calida per accidens1 frigida
 per se1 hot by accident only2 ,i am of 
,capivaccius' mind for my part4 ,now    
this humour1 according to ,salvianus1 is
 sometimes in the substance of the      
brain1 sometimes contained in the       
membranes and tunicles that cover the   
brain1 sometimes in the passages of the 
ventricles of the brain1 or veins of    
those ventricles4 ,it follows many times
 #bdch;frenzy1 long diseases1 agues1    
long abode in hot places1 or under the  
sun1 a blow on the head1 as ,rhasis     
informeth us3 ,piso adds solitariness1  
waking1 inflammations of the head1      
proceeding most part #bdci;from much use
 of spices1 hot wines1 hot meats3 all   

which ,montanus reckons up consil4 #bb4 
for a melancholy ,jew2 and ,heurnius    
repeats cap4 #ab4 de ,mania3 hot baths1 
garlic1 onions1 saith ,guianerius1 bad  
air1 corrupt1 much #bddjwaking1 c41     
retention of seed or abundance1 stopping
 of haemorrhagia1 the midriff           
misaffected2 and according to           
,trallianus l4 #a4 #af4 immoderate      
cares1 troubles1 griefs1 discontent1    
study1 meditation1 and1 in a word1 the  
abuse of all those six non-natural      
things4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 cap4 #af4
 lib4 #a4 will have it caused from a    
#bdda;cautery1 or boil dried up1 or an  
issue4 ,amatus ,lusitanus cent4 #b4     
cura4 #fg4 gives instance in a fellow   
that had a hole in his arm1 #bddb;after 
that was healed1 ran mad1 and when the  
wound was open1 he was cured again4     
,trincavellius consil4 #ac4 lib4 #a4    
hath an example of a melancholy man so  
caused by overmuch continuance in the   
sun1 frequent use of venery1 and        
immoderate exercise3 and in his cons4   

#di4 lib4 #c4 from a #bddc;headpiece    
overheated1 which caused                
head-melancholy4 ,prosper ,calenus      
brings in ,cardinal ,caesius for a      
pattern of such as are so melancholy by 
long study2 but examples are infinite4  
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,causes of            
,hypochondriacal1 or ,windy ,melancholy4
  ,in repeating of these causes1 ,i must
 crambem bis coctam apponere1 say that  
again which ,i have formerly said1 in   
applying them to their proper species4  
,hypochondriacal or flatuous melancholy1
 is that which the ,arabians call       
mirachial1 and is in my judgment the    
most grievous and frequent1 though      
,bruel and ,laurentius make it least    
dangerous1 and not so hard to be known  
or cured4 ,his causes are inward or     
outward4 ,inward from divers parts or   
organs1 as midriff1 spleen1 stomach1    
liver1 pylorus1 womb1 diaphragma1       
mesaraic veins1 stopping of issues1 c4  
,montaltus cap4 #ae4 out of ,galen      
recites1 #bddd;heat and obstruction of  

those mesaraic veins1 as an immediate   
cause1 by which means the passage of the
 chilus to the liver is detained1       
stopped or corrupted1 and turned into   
rumbling and wind4 ,montanus1 consil4   
#bcc1 hath an evident demonstration1    
,trincavelius another1 lib4 #a1 cap4 #a1
 and ,plater a third1 observat4 lib4 #a1
 for a doctor of the law visited with   
this infirmity1 from the said           
obstruction and heat of these mesaraic  
veins1 and bowels2 quoniam inter        
ventriculum et jecur venae effervescunt1
 the veins are inflamed about the liver 
and stomach4 ,sometimes those other     
parts are together misaffected2 and     
concur to the production of this malady3
 a hot liver and cold stomach1 or cold  
belly3 look for instances in ,hollerius1
 ,victor ,trincavelius1 consil4 #ce1 l4 
#c1 ,hildesheim ,spicel4 #b1 fol4 #acb1 
,solenander consil4 #i1 pro cive        
,lugdunensi1 ,montanus consil4 #bbi1 for
 the ,earl of ,montfort in ,germany1    
#aedi1 and ,frisimelica in the #bcc     

consultation of the said ,montanus4 ,i4 
,caesar ,claudinus gives instance of a  
cold stomach and over-hot liver1 almost 
in every consultation1 con4 #hi1 for a  
certain count2 and con4 #ajf1 for a     
,polonian baron1 by reason of heat the  
blood is inflamed1 and gross vapours    
sent to the heart and brain4            
,mercurialis subscribes to them1 cons4  
#hi1 #bddethe stomach being misaffected1
 which he calls the king of the belly1  
because if he be distempered1 all the   
rest suffer with him1 as being deprived 
of their nutriment1 or fed with bad     
nourishment1 by means of which come     
crudities1 obstructions1 wind1 rumbling1
 griping1 c4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1     
besides heat1 will have the weakness of 
the liver and his obstruction a cause1  
facultatem debilem jecinoris1 which he  
calls the mineral of melancholy4        
,laurentius assigns this reason1 because
 the liver over-hot draws the meat      
undigested out of the stomach1 and      
burneth the humours4 ,montanus1 cons4   

#bdd1 proves that sometimes a cold liver
 may be a cause4 ,laurentius c4 #ab1    
,trincavelius lib4 #ab1 consil41 and    
,gualter ,bruel1 seems to lay the       
greatest fault upon the spleen1 that    
doth not his duty in purging the liver  
as he ought1 being too great1 or too    
little1 in drawing too much blood       
sometimes to it1 and not expelling it1  
as ,p4 ,cnemiandrus in a                
#bddf;consultation of his noted tumorem 
lienis1 he names it1 and the fountain of
 melancholy4 ,diocles supposed the      
ground of this kind of melancholy to    
proceed from the inflammation of the    
pylorus1 which is the nether mouth of   
the ventricle4 ,others assign the       
mesenterium or midriff distempered by   
heat1 the womb misaffected1 stopping of 
haemorrhoids1 with many such4 ,all which
 ,laurentius1 cap4 #ab1 reduceth to     
three1 mesentery1 liver1 and spleen1    
from whence he denominates hepatic1     
splenetic1 and mesaraic melancholy4     
,outward causes1 are bad diet1 care1    

griefs1 discontents1 and in a word all  
those six non-natural things1 as        
,montanus found by his experience1      
consil4 #bdd4 ,solenander consil4 #i1   
for a citizen of ,lyons1 in ,france1    
gives his reader to understand1 that he 
knew this mischief procured by a        
medicine of cantharides1 which an       
unskilful physician ministered his      
patient to drink ad venerem excitandam4 
,but most commonly fear1 grief1 and some
 sudden commotion1 or perturbation of   
the mind1 begin it1 in such bodies      
especially as are ill-disposed4         
,melancthon1 tract4 #ad1 cap4 #b1 de    
anima1 will have it as common to men1 as
 the mother to women1 upon some grievous
 trouble1 dislike1 passion1 or          
discontent4 ,for as ,camerarius records 
in his life1 ,melancthon himself was    
much troubled with it1 and therefore    
could speak out of experience4          
,montanus1 consil4 #bb1 pro delirante   
,judaeo1 confirms it1 #bddg;grievous    
symptoms of the mind brought him to it4 

,randolotius relates of himself1 that   
being one day very intent to write out a
 physician's notes1 molested by an      
occasion1 he fell into a hypochondriacal
 fit1 to avoid which he drank the       
decoction of wormwood1 and was freed4   
#bddh,melancthon 7being the disease is  
so troublesome and frequent7 holds it a 
most necessary and profitable study1 for
 every man to know the accidents of it1 
and a dangerous thing to be ignorant1   
and would therefore have all men in some
 sort to understand the causes1         
symptoms1 and cures of it4  ,,subsect4  
,v4--,causes of ,melancholy from the    
whole ,body4  ,as before1 the cause of  
this kind of melancholy is inward or    
outward4 ,inward1 #bddiwhen the liver is
 apt to engender such a humour1 or the  
spleen weak by nature1 and not able to  
discharge his office4 ,a melancholy     
temperature1 retention of haemorrhoids1 
monthly issues1 bleeding at nose1 long  
diseases1 agues1 and all those six      
non-natural things increase it4 ,but    

especially #bdej;bad diet1 as ,piso     
thinks1 pulse1 salt meat1 shellfish1    
cheese1 black wine1 c4 ,mercurialis out 
of ,averroes and ,avicenna condemns all 
herbs3 ,galen1 lib4 #c1 de loc4 affect4 
cap4 #g1 especially cabbage4 ,so        
likewise fear1 sorrow1 discontents1 c41 
but of these before4 ,and thus in brief 
you have had the general and particular 
causes of melancholy4 ,now go and brag  
of thy present happiness1 whosoever thou
 art1 brag of thy temperature1 of thy   
good parts1 insult1 triumph1 and boast2 
thou seest in what a brittle state thou 
art1 how soon thou mayst be dejected1   
how many several ways1 by bad diet1 bad 
air1 a small loss1 a little sorrow or   
discontent1 an ague1 c42 how many sudden
 accidents may procure thy ruin1 what a 
small tenure of happiness thou hast in  
this life1 how weak and silly a creature
 thou art4 ,humble thyself1 therefore1  
under the mighty hand of ,god1 #a       
,peter1 v4 #f1 know thyself1 acknowledge
 thy present misery1 and make right use 

of it4 ,qui stat videat ne cadat4 ,thou 
dost now flourish1 and hast bona animi1 
corporis1 et fortunae1 goods of body1   
mind1 and fortune1 nescis quid serus    
secum vesper ferat1 thou knowest not    
what storms and tempests the late       
evening may bring with it4 ,be not      
secure then1 be sober and watch1        
#bdea;fortunam reverenter habe1 if      
fortunate and rich2 if sick and poor1   
moderate thyself4 ,i have said4         
,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4  
,i4--,symptoms1 or ,signs of ,melancholy
 in the ,body4  ,parrhasius1 a painter  
of ,athens1 amongst those ,olynthian    
captives ,philip of ,macedon brought    
home to sell1 #bdeb;bought one very old 
man2 and when he had him at ,athens1 put
 him to extreme torture and torment1 the
 better by his example to express the   
pains and passions of his ,prometheus1  
whom he was then about to paint4 ,i need
 not be so barbarous1 inhuman1 curious1 
or cruel1 for this purpose to torture   
any poor melancholy man1 their symptoms 

are plain1 obvious and familiar1 there  
needs no such accurate observation or   
far-fetched object1 they delineate      
themselves1 they voluntarily betray     
themselves1 they are too frequent in all
 places1 ,i meet them still as ,i go1   
they cannot conceal it1 their grievances
 are too well known1 ,i need not seek   
far to describe them4 ,symptoms         
therefore are either #bdecuniversal or  
particular1 saith ,gordonius1 lib4 med4 
cap4 #ai1 part4 #b1 to persons1 to      
species2 some signs are secret1 some    
manifest1 some in the body1 some in the 
mind1 and diversely vary1 according to  
the inward or outward causes1           
,capivaccius3 or from stars1 according  
to ,jovianus ,pontanus1 de reb4 caelest4
 lib4 #aj1 cap4 #ac1 and celestial      
influences1 or from the humours         
diversely mixed1 ,ficinus1 lib4 #a1 cap4
 #d1 de sanit4 tuenda3 as they are hot1 
cold1 natural1 unnatural1 intended1 or  
remitted1 so will ,aetius have          
melancholica deliria multiformia1       

diversity of melancholy signs4          
,laurentius ascribes them to their      
several temperatures1 delights1 natures1
 inclinations1 continuance of time1 as  
they are simple or mixed with other     
diseases1 as the causes are divers1 so  
must the signs be1 almost infinite1     
,altomarus cap4 #g1 art4 med4 ,and as   
wine produceth divers effects1 or that  
herb ,tortocolla in #bded,laurentius1   
which makes some laugh1 some weep1 some 
sleep1 some dance1 some sing1 some howl1
 some drink1 c4 so doth this our        
melancholy humour work several signs in 
several parties4 ,but to confine them1  
these general symptoms may be reduced to
 those of the body or the mind4 ,those  
usual signs appearing in the bodies of  
such as are melancholy1 be these cold   
and dry1 or they are hot and dry1 as the
 humour is more or less adust4 ,from    
#bdeethese first qualities arise many   
other second1 as that of #bdef;colour1  
black1 swarthy1 pale1 ruddy1 c41 some   
are impense rubri1 as ,montaltus cap4   

#af observes out of ,galen1 lib4 #c1 de 
locis affectis1 very red and high       
coloured4 ,hippocrates in his book      
#bdeg;de insania et melan4 reckons up   
these signs1 that they are #bdeh lean1  
withered1 hollow-eyed1 look old1        
wrinkled1 harsh1 much troubled with     
wind1 and a griping in their bellies1 or
 bellyache1 belch often1 dry bellies and
 hard1 dejected looks1 flaggy beards1   
singing of the ears1 vertigo1           
light-headed1 little or no sleep1 and   
that interrupt1 terrible and fearful    
dreams1 #bdei;,anna soror1 quae1 me     
suspensam insomnia terrent8 ,the same   
symptoms are repeated by ,melanelius in 
his book of melancholy collected out of 
,galen1 ,ruffus1 ,aetius1 by ,rhasis1   
,gordonius1 and all the juniors1        
#bdfj;continual1 sharp1 and stinking    
belchings1 as if their meat in their    
stomachs were putrefied1 or that they   
had eaten fish1 dry bellies1 absurd and 
interrupt dreams1 and many fantastical  
visions about their eyes1 vertiginous1  

apt to tremble1 and prone to venery4    
#bdfa,some add palpitation of the heart1
 cold sweat1 as usual symptoms1 and a   
leaping in many parts of the body1      
saltum in multis corporis partibus1 a   
kind of itching1 saith ,laurentius1 on  
the superficies of the skin1 like a     
flea-biting sometimes4 #bdfb,montaltus  
cap4 #ba4 puts fixed eyes and much      
twinkling of their eyes for a sign1 and 
so doth ,avicenna1 oculos habentes      
palpitantes1 trauli1 vehementer         
rubicundi1 c41 lib4 #c4 ,fen4 #a4       
,tract4 #d4 cap4 #ah4 ,they stut most   
part1 which he took out of ,hippocrates'
 aphorisms4 #bdfc,rhasis makes headache 
and a binding heaviness for a principal 
token1 much leaping of wind about the   
skin1 as well as stutting1 or tripping  
in speech1 c41 hollow eyes1 gross veins1
 and broad lips4 ,to some too1 if they  
be far gone1 mimical gestures are too   
familiar1 laughing1 grinning1 fleering1 
murmuring1 talking to themselves1 with  
strange mouths and faces1 inarticulate  

voices1 exclamations1 c4 ,and although  
they be commonly lean1 hirsute1         
uncheerful in countenance1 withered1 and
 not so pleasant to behold1 by reason of
 those continual fears1 griefs1 and     
vexations1 dull1 heavy1 lazy1 restless1 
unapt to go about any business2 yet     
their memories are most part good1 they 
have happy wits1 and excellent          
apprehensions4 ,their hot and dry brains
 make them they cannot sleep1 ,ingentes 
habent et crebras vigilias 7,arteus7    
mighty and often watchings1 sometimes   
waking for a month1 a year together4    
#bdfd;,hercules de ,saxonia faithfully  
averreth1 that he hath heard his mother 
swear1 she slept not for seven months   
together3 ,trincavelius1 ,tom4 #b4 cons4
 #af4 speaks of one that waked #ej days1
 and ,skenkius hath examples of two     
years1 and all without offence4 ,in     
natural actions their appetite is       
greater than their concoction1 multa    
appetunt pauca digerunt as ,rhasis hath 
it1 they covet to eat1 but cannot       

digest4 ,and although they #bdfe;do eat 
much1 yet they are lean1 ill-liking1    
saith ,areteus1 withered and hard1 much 
troubled with costiveness1 crudities1   
oppilations1 spitting1 belching1 c4     
,their pulse is rare and slow1 except it
 be of the #bdff;,carotides1 which is   
very strong2 but that varies according  
to their intended passions or           
perturbations1 as ,struthius hath proved
 at large1 ,spigmaticae4 artis l4 #d4 c4
 #ac4 ,to say truth1 in such chronic    
diseases the pulse is not much to be    
respected1 there being so much          
superstition in it1 as #bdfg;,crato     
notes1 and so many differences in       
,galen1 that he dares say they may not  
be observed1 or understood of any man4  
,their urine is most part pale1 and low 
coloured1 urina pauca acris1 biliosa    
7,areteus71 not much in quantity2 but   
this1 in my judgment1 is all out as     
uncertain as the other1 varying so often
 according to several persons1 habits1  
and other occasions not to be respected 

in chronic diseases4 #bdfh,their        
melancholy excrements in some very much1
 in others little1 as the spleen plays  
his part1 and thence proceeds wind1     
palpitation of the heart1 short breath1 
plenty of humidity in the stomach1      
heaviness of heart and heartache1 and   
intolerable stupidity and dullness of   
spirits4 ,their excrements or stool     
hard1 black to some and little4 ,if the 
heart1 brain1 liver1 spleen1 be         
misaffected1 as usually they are1 many  
inconveniences proceed from them1 many  
diseases accompany1 as incubus1         
#bdfi;apoplexy1 epilepsy1 vertigo1 those
 frequent wakings and terrible dreams1  
#bdgj;intempestive laughing1 weeping1   
sighing1 sobbing1 bashfulness1 blushing1
 trembling1 sweating1 swooning1 c4      
#bdga;,all their senses are troubled1   
they think they see1 hear1 smell1 and   
touch that which they do not1 as shall  
be proved in the following discourse4   
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,symptoms or ,signs in
 the ,mind4  ,fear4 ,arculanus in #i4   

,rhasis ad ,almansor4 cap4 #af4 will    
have these symptoms to be infinite1 as  
indeed they are1 varying according to   
the parties1 for scarce is there one of 
a thousand that dotes alike1 #bdgb      
,laurentius c4 #af4 ,some few of greater
 note ,i will point at2 and amongst the 
rest1 fear and sorrow1 which as they are
 frequent causes1 so if they persevere  
long1 according to ,hippocrates         
#bdgc;and ,galen's aphorisms1 they are  
most assured signs1 inseparable         
companions1 and characters of           
melancholy2 of present melancholy and   
habituated1 saith ,montaltus cap4 #aa4  
and common to them all1 as the said     
,hippocrates1 ,galen1 ,avicenna1 and all
 ,neoterics hold4 ,but as hounds many   
times run away with a false cry1 never  
perceiving themselves to be at a fault1 
so do they4 ,for ,diocles of old1 7whom 
,galen confutes17 and amongst the       
juniors1 #bdgd;,hercules de ,saxonia1   
with ,lod4 ,mercatus cap4 #ag4 l4 #a4 de
 melan41 takes just exceptions1 at this 

aphorism of ,hippocrates1 'tis not      
always true1 or so generally to be      
understood1 fear and sorrow are no      
common symptoms to all melancholy2 upon 
more serious consideration1 ,i find some
 7saith he7 that are not so at all4     
,some indeed are sad1 and not fearful2  
some fearful and not sad2 some neither  
fearful nor sad2 some both4 ,four kinds 
he excepts1 fanatical persons1 such as  
were ,cassandra1 ,nanto1 ,nicostrata1   
,mopsus1 ,proteus1 the sibyls1 whom     
#bdge;,aristotle confesseth to have been
 deeply melancholy4 ,baptista ,porta    
seconds him1 ,physiog4 lib4 #a1 cap4 #h1
 they were atra bile perciti3 demoniacal
 persons1 and such as speak strange     
languages1 are of this rank3 some poets1
 such as laugh always1 and think        
themselves kings1 cardinals1 c41        
sanguine they are1 pleasantly disposed  
most part1 and so continue4             
#bdgf;,baptista ,portia confines fear   
and sorrow to them that are cold2 but   
lovers1 ,sibyls1 enthusiasts1 he wholly 

excludes4 ,so that ,i think ,i may truly
 conclude1 they are not always sad and  
fearful1 but usually so3 and that       
#bdggwithout a cause1 timent de non     
timendis1 7,gordonius17 quaeque momenti 
non sunt1 although not all alike 7saith 
,altomarus71 #bdghyet all likely fear1  
#bdgisome with an extraordinary and a   
mighty fear1 ,areteus4 #bdhj,many fear  
death1 and yet in a contrary humour1    
make away themselves1 ,galen1 lib4 #c4  
de loc4 affec4 cap4 #g4 ,some are afraid
 that heaven will fall on their heads3  
some they are damned1 or shall be4      
#bdha,they are troubled with scruples of
 consciences1 distrusting ,god's        
mercies1 think they shall go certainly  
to hell1 the devil will have them1 and  
make great lamentation1 ,jason          
,pratensis4 ,fear of devils1 death1 that
 they shall be so sick1 of some such or 
such disease1 ready to tremble at every 
object1 they shall die themselves       
forthwith1 or that some of their dear   
friends or near allies are certainly    

dead2 imminent danger1 loss1 disgrace   
still torment others1 c42 that they are 
all glass1 and therefore will suffer no 
man to come near them3 that they are all
 cork1 as light as feathers2 others as  
heavy as lead2 some are afraid their    
heads will fall off their shoulders1    
that they have frogs in their bellies1  
c4 #bdhb,montanus consil4 #bc1 speaks of
 one that durst not walk alone from     
home1 for fear he should swoon or die4  
,a second #bdhc;fears every man he meets
 will rob him1 quarrel with him1 or kill
 him4 ,a third dares not venture to walk
 alone1 for fear he should meet the     
devil1 a thief1 be sick2 fears all old  
women as witches1 and every black dog or
 cat he sees he suspecteth to be a      
devil1 every person comes near him is   
maleficiated1 every creature1 all intend
 to hurt him1 seek his ruin2 another    
dares not go over a bridge1 come near a 
pool1 rock1 steep hill1 lie in a chamber
 where cross beams are1 for fear he be  
tempted to hang1 drown1 or precipitate  

himself4 ,if he be in a silent auditory1
 as at a sermon1 he is afraid he shall  
speak aloud at unawares1 something      
indecent1 unfit to be said4 ,if he be   
locked in a close room1 he is afraid of 
being stifled for want of air1 and still
 carries biscuit1 aquavitae1 or some    
strong waters about him1 for fear of    
deliquiums1 or being sick2 or if he be  
in a throng1 middle of a church1        
multitude1 where he may not well get    
out1 though he sit at ease1 he is so    
misaffected4 ,he will freely promise1   
undertake any business beforehand1 but  
when it comes to be performed1 he dare  
not adventure1 but fears an infinite    
number of dangers1 disasters1 c4 ,some  
are #bdhd afraid to be burned1 or that  
the #bdhe;ground will sink under them1  
or #bdhfswallow them quick1 or that the 
king will call them in question for some
 fact they never did 7,rhasis cont47 and
 that they shall surely be executed4    
,the terror of such a death troubles    
them1 and they fear as much and are     

equally tormented in mind1 #bdhg;as they
 that have committed a murder1 and are  
pensive without a cause1 as if they were
 now presently to be put to death4      
,plater1 cap4 #c4 de mentis alienat4    
,they are afraid of some loss1 danger1  
that they shall surely lose their lives1
 goods1 and all they have1 but why they 
know not4 ,trincavelius1 consil4 #ac4   
lib4 #a4 had a patient that would needs 
make away himself1 for fear of being    
hanged1 and could not be persuaded for  
three years together1 but that he had   
killed a man4 ,plater1 observat4 lib4   
#a4 hath two other examples of such as  
feared to be executed without a cause4  
,if they come in a place where a        
robbery1 theft1 or any such offence hath
 been done1 they presently fear they are
 suspected1 and many times betray       
themselves without a cause4 ,lewis      
,,xi41 the ,french king1 suspected every
 man a traitor that came about him1     
durst trust no officer4 ,alii           
formidolosi omnium1 alii quorundam      

7,fracatorius lib4 #b4 de ,intellect47  
#bdhhsome fear all alike1 some certain  
men1 and cannot endure their companies1 
are sick in them1 or if they be from    
home4 ,some suspect #bdhitreason still1 
others are afraid of their #bdij;dearest
 and nearest friends4 7,melanelius e    
,galeno1 ,ruffo1 ,aetio17 and dare not  
be alone in the dark for fear of        
hobgoblins and devils3 he suspects      
everything he hears or sees to be a     
devil1 or enchanted1 and imagineth a    
thousand chimeras and visions1 which to 
his thinking he certainly sees1         
bugbears1 talks with black men1 ghosts1 
goblins1 c41 #bdia,omnes se terrent     
aurae1 sonus excitat omnis4 ,another    
through bashfulness1 suspicion1 and     
timorousness will not be seen abroad1   
#bdibloves darkness as life1 and cannot 
endure the light1 or to sit in lightsome
 places1 his hat still in his eyes1 he  
will neither see nor be seen by his     
goodwill1 ,hippocrates1 lib4 de ,insania
 et ,melancholia4 ,he dare not come in  

company for fear he should be misused1  
disgraced1 overshoot himself in gesture 
or speeches1 or be sick2 he thinks every
 man observes him1 aims at him1 derides 
him1 owes him malice4 ,most part        
#bdicthey are afraid they are bewitched1
 possessed1 or poisoned by their        
enemies1 and sometimes they suspect     
their nearest friends3 he thinks        
something speaks or talks within him1   
and he belcheth of the poison4          
,christophorus a ,vega1 lib4 #b4 cap4   
#a4 had a patient so troubled1 that by  
no persuasion or physic he could be     
reclaimed4 ,some are afraid that they   
shall have every fearful disease they   
see others have1 hear of1 or read1 and  
dare not therefore hear or read of any  
such subject1 no not of melancholy      
itself1 lest by applying to themselves  
that which they hear or read1 they      
should aggravate and increase it4 ,if   
they see one possessed1 bewitched1 an   
epileptic paroxysm1 a man shaking with  
the palsy1 or giddy-headed1 reeling or  

standing in a dangerous place1 c41 for  
many days after it runs in their minds1 
they are afraid they shall be so too1   
they are in like danger1 as ,perkins c4 
#ab4 sc4 #ab4 well observes in his      
,cases of ,conscience and many times by 
violence of imagination they produce it4
 ,they cannot endure to see any terrible
 object1 as a monster1 a man executed1 a
 carcase1 hear the devil named1 or any  
tragical relation seen1 but they quake  
for fear1 ,hecatas somniare sibi        
videntur 7,lucian7 they dream of        
hobgoblins1 and may not get it out of   
their minds a long time after3 they     
apply 7as ,i have said7 all they hear1  
see1 read1 to themselves2 as            
#bdid;,felix ,plater notes of some young
 physicians1 that study to cure         
diseases1 catch them themselves1 will be
 sick1 and appropriate all symptoms they
 find related of others1 to their own   
persons4 ,and therefore 7quod iterum    
moneo1 licet nauseam paret lectori1 malo
 decem potius verba1 decies repetita    

licet abundare1 quam unum desiderari7 ,i
 would advise him that is actually      
melancholy not to read this tract of    
,symptoms1 lest he disquiet or make     
himself for a time worse1 and more      
melancholy than he was before4          
,generally of them all take this1 de    
inanibus semper conqueruntur et timent1 
saith ,aretius2 they complain of toys1  
and fear #bdiewithout a cause1 and still
 think their melancholy to be most      
grievous1 none so bad as they are1      
though it be nothing in respect1 yet    
never any man sure was so troubled1 or  
in this sort4 ,as really tormented and  
perplexed1 in as great an agony for toys
 and trifles 7such things as they will  
after laugh at themselves7 as if they   
were most material and essential matters
 indeed1 worthy to be feared1 and will  
not be satisfied4 ,pacify them for one1 
they are instantly troubled with some   
other fear2 always afraid of something  
which they foolishly imagine or conceive
 to themselves1 which never peradventure

 was1 never can be1 never likely will   
be2 troubled in mind upon every small   
occasion1 unquiet1 still complaining1   
grieving1 vexing1 suspecting1 grudging1 
discontent1 and cannot be freed so long 
as melancholy continues4 ,or if their   
minds be more quiet for the present1 and
 they free from foreign fears1 outward  
accidents1 yet their bodies are out of  
tune1 they suspect some part or other to
 be amiss1 now their head aches1 heart1 
stomach1 spleen1 c4 is misaffected1 they
 shall surely have this or that disease2
 still troubled in body1 mind1 or both1 
and through wind1 corrupt fantasy1 some 
accidental distemper1 continually       
molested4 ,yet for all this1 as         
#bdif;,jacchinus notes1 in all other    
things they are wise1 staid1 discreet1  
and do nothing unbeseeming their        
dignity1 person1 or place1 this foolish1
 ridiculous1 and childish fear excepted2
 which so much1 so continually tortures 
and crucifies their souls1 like a       
barking dog that always bawls1 but      

seldom bites1 this fear ever molesteth1 
and so long as melancholy lasteth1      
cannot be avoided4 ,sorrow is that other
 character1 and inseparable companion1  
as individual as ,saint ,cosmus and     
,damian1 fidus ,achates1 as all writers 
witness1 a common symptom1 a continual1 
and still without any evident cause1    
#bdigmoerent omnes1 et si roges eos     
reddere causam1 non possunt3 grieving   
still1 but why they cannot tell3        
,agelasti1 moesti1 cogitabundi1 they    
look as if they had newly come forth of 
,trophonius' den4 ,and though they laugh
 many times1 and seem to be             
extraordinary merry 7as they will by    
fits71 yet extreme lumpish again in an  
instant1 dull and heavy1 semel et simul1
 merry and sad1 but most part sad3      
#bdih,si qua placent1 abeunt2 inimica   
tenacius haerent3 sorrow sticks by them 
still continually1 gnawing as the       
vulture did #bdii,titius' bowels1 and   
they cannot avoid it4 ,no sooner are    
their eyes open1 but after terrible and 

troublesome dreams their heavy hearts   
begin to sigh3 they are still fretting1 
chafing1 sighing1 grieving1 complaining1
 finding faults1 repining1 grudging1    
weeping1 ,heautontimorumenoi1 vexing    
themselves1 #bejj;disquieted in mind1   
with restless1 unquiet thoughts1        
discontent1 either for their own1 other 
men's or public affairs1 such as concern
 them not2 things past1 present1 or to  
come1 the remembrance of some disgrace1 
loss1 injury1 abuses1 c4 troubles them  
now being idle afresh1 as if it were new
 done2 they are afflicted otherwise for 
some danger1 loss1 want1 shame1 misery1 
that will certainly come1 as they       
suspect and mistrust4 ,lugubris ,ate    
frowns upon them1 insomuch that ,areteus
 well calls it angorem animi1 a vexation
 of the mind1 a perpetual agony4 ,they  
can hardly be pleased1 or eased1 though 
in other men's opinion most happy1 go1  
tarry1 run1 ride1 #beja--post equitem   
sedet atra cura3 they cannot avoid this 
feral plague1 let them come in what     

company they will1 #bejb;haeret leteri  
lethalis arundo1 as to a deer that is   
struck1 whether he run1 go1 rest with   
the herd1 or alone1 this grief remains3 
irresolution1 inconstancy1 vanity of    
mind1 their fear1 torture1 care1        
jealousy1 suspicion1 c41 continues1 and 
they cannot be relieved4 ,so #bejc;he   
complained in the poet1 ,domum revertor 
moestus1 atque animo fere ,perturbato1  
atque incerto prae aegritudine1 ,assido1
 accurrunt servi3 succos detrahunt1     
,video alios festinare1 lectos sternere1
 ,coenam apparare1 pro se quisque sedulo
 ,faciebant1 quo illam mihi lenirent    
miseriam4  ,he came home sorrowful1 and 
troubled in his mind1 his servants did  
all they possibly could to please him2  
one pulled off his socks1 another made  
ready his bed1 a third his supper1 all  
did their utmost endeavours to ease his 
grief1 and exhilarate his person1 he was
 profoundly melancholy1 he had lost his 
son1 illud angebat1 that was his        
,cordolium1 his pain1 his agony which   

could not be removed4 ,taedium vitae4   
,hence it proceeds many times1 that they
 are weary of their lives1 and feral    
thoughts to offer violence to their own 
persons come into their minds1 taedium  
vitae is a common symptom1 tarda fluunt1
 ingrataque tempora1 they are soon tired
 with all things2 they will now tarry1  
now be gone2 now in bed they will rise1 
now up1 then go to bed1 now pleased1    
then again displeased2 now they like1 by
 and by dislike all1 weary of all1      
sequitur nunc vivendi1 nunc moriendi    
cupido1 saith ,aurelianus1 lib4 #a4 cap4
 #f1 but most part #bejdvitam damnant1  
discontent1 disquieted1 perplexed upon  
every light1 or no occasion1 object3    
often tempted1 ,i say1 to make away     
themselves3 #beje,vivere nolunt1 mori   
nesciunt3 they cannot die1 they will not
 live3 they complain1 weep1 lament1 and 
think they lead a most miserable life1  
never was any man so bad1 or so before1 
every poor man they see is most         
fortunate in respect of them1 every     

beggar that comes to the door is happier
 than they are1 they could be contented 
to change lives with them1 especially if
 they be alone1 idle1 and parted from   
their ordinary company1 molested1       
displeased1 or provoked3 grief1 fear1   
agony1 discontent1 wearisomeness1       
laziness1 suspicion1 or some such       
passion forcibly seizeth on them4 ,yet  
by and by when they come in company     
again1 which they like1 or be pleased1  
suam sententiam rursus damnant1 et vitae
 solatia delectantur1 as ,octavius      
,horatianus observes1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #e1 
they condemn their former mislike1 and  
are well pleased to live4 ,and so they  
continue1 till with some fresh          
discontent they be molested again1 and  
then they are weary of their lives1     
weary of all1 they will die1 and show   
rather a necessity to live1 than a      
desire4 ,claudius the emperor1 as #bejf 
,sueton describes him1 had a spice of   
this disease1 for when he was tormented 
with the pain of his stomach1 he had a  

conceit to make away himself4 ,julius   
,caesar ,claudinus1 consil4 #hd4 had a  
,polonian to his patient1 so affected1  
that through #bejg;fear and sorrow1 with
 which he was still disquieted1 hated   
his own life1 wished for death every    
moment1 and to be freed of his misery4  
,mercurialis another1 and another that  
was often minded to despatch himself1   
and so continued for many years4        
,suspicion1 ,jealousy4 ,suspicion1 and  
jealousy1 are general symptoms3 they are
 commonly distrustful1 apt to mistake1  
and amplify1 facile irascibiles1        
#bejhtesty1 pettish1 peevish1 and ready 
to snarl upon every #bejismall occasion1
 cum amicissimis1 and without a cause1  
datum vel non datum1 it will be         
scandalum acceptum4 ,if they speak in   
jest1 he takes it in good earnest4 ,if  
they be not saluted1 invited1 consulted 
with1 called to counsel1 c41 or that any
 respect1 small compliment1 or ceremony 
be omitted1 they think themselves       
neglected1 and contemned2 for a time    

that tortures them4 ,if two talk        
together1 discourse1 whisper1 jest1 or  
tell a tale in general1 he thinks       
presently they mean him1 applies all to 
himself1 de se putat omnia dici4 ,or if 
they talk with him1 he is ready to      
misconstrue every word they speak1 and  
interpret it to the worst2 he cannot    
endure any man to look steadily on him1 
speak to him almost1 laugh1 jest1 or be 
familiar1 or hem1 or point1 cough1 or   
spit1 or make a noise sometimes1 c4     
#beaj;,he thinks they laugh or point at 
him1 or do it in disgrace of him1       
circumvent him1 contemn him2 every man  
looks at him1 he is pale1 red1 sweats   
for fear and anger1 lest somebody should
 observe him4 ,he works upon it1 and    
long after this false conceit of an     
abuse troubles him4 ,montanus consil4   
#bb4 gives instance in a melancholy     
,jew1 that was ,iracundior ,adria1 so   
waspish and suspicious1 tam facile      
iratus1 that no man could tell how to   
carry himself in his company4           

,inconstancy4 ,inconstant they are in   
all their actions1 vertiginous1         
restless1 unapt to resolve of any       
business1 they will and will not1       
persuaded to and fro upon every small   
occasion1 or word spoken3 and yet if    
once they be resolved1 obstinate1 hard  
to be reconciled4 ,if they abhor1       
dislike1 or distaste1 once settled1     
though to the better by odds1 by no     
counsel1 or persuasion1 to be removed4  
,yet in most things wavering1           
irresolute1 unable to deliberate1       
through fear1 faciunt1 et mox facti     
poenitent 7,areteus7 avari1 et paulo    
post prodigi4 ,now prodigal1 and then   
covetous1 they do1 and by-and-by repent 
them of that which they have done1 so   
that both ways they are troubled1       
whether they do or do not1 want or have1
 hit or miss1 disquieted of all hands1  
soon weary1 and still seeking change1   
restless1 ,i say1 fickle1 fugitive1 they
 may not abide to tarry in one place    
long4 #beaa,romae rus optans1 absentem  

rusticus urbem ,tollit ad astra------   
no company long1 or to persevere in any 
action or business4 #beab;,et similis   
regum pueris1 pappare minutum ,poscit1  
et iratus mammae lallare recusat1       
eftsoons pleased1 and anon displeased1  
as a man that's bitten with fleas1 or   
that cannot sleep turns to and fro in   
his bed1 their restless minds are tossed
 and vary1 they have no patience to read
 out a book1 to play out a game or two1 
walk a mile1 sit an hour1 c41 erected   
and dejected in an instant2 animated to 
undertake1 and upon a word spoken again 
discouraged4 ,passionate4 ,extreme      
passionate1 ,quicquid volunt valde      
volunt2 and what they desire1 they do   
most furiously seek2 anxious ever1 and  
very solicitous1 distrustful1 and       
timorous1 envious1 malicious1 profuse   
one while1 sparing another1 but most    
part covetous1 muttering1 repining1     
discontent1 and still complaining1      
grudging1 peevish1 injuriarum tenaces1  
prone to revenge1 soon troubled1 and    

most violent in all their imaginations1 
not affable in speech1 or apt to vulgar 
compliment1 but surly1 dull1 sad1       
austere2 cogitabundi still1 very intent1
 and as #beac ,albertus ,durer paints   
melancholy1 like a sad woman leaning on 
her arm with fixed looks1 neglected     
habit1 c41 held therefore by some proud1
 soft1 sottish1 or half-mad1 as the     
,abderites esteemed of ,democritus3 and 
yet of a deep reach1 excellent          
apprehension1 judicious1 wise1 and      
witty3 for ,i am of that #beadnobleman's
 mind1 ,melancholy advanceth men's      
conceits1 more than any humour          
whatsoever1 improves their meditations  
more than any strong drink or sack4     
,they are of profound judgment in some  
things1 although in others non recte    
judicant inquieti1 saith ,fracastorius1 
lib4 #b4 de ,intell4 ,and as ,arculanus1
 c4 #af4 in #i4 ,rhasis1 terms it1      
,judicium plerumque perversum1 corrupti1
 cum judicant honesta inhonesta1 et     
amicitiam habent pro inimicitia3 they   

count honesty dishonesty1 friends as    
enemies1 they will abuse their best     
friends1 and dare not offend their      
enemies4 ,cowards most part et ad       
inferendam injuriam timidissimi1 saith  
,cardan1 lib4 #h4 cap4 #d4 de rerum     
varietate3 loath to offend1 and if they 
chance to overshoot themselves in word  
or deed3 or any small business or       
circumstance be omitted1 forgotten1 they
 are miserably tormented1 and frame a   
thousand dangers and inconveniences to  
themselves1 ex musca elephantem1 if once
 they conceit it3 overjoyed with every  
good rumour1 tale1 or prosperous event1 
transported beyond themselves3 with     
every small cross again1 bad news1      
misconceived injury1 loss1 danger1      
afflicted beyond measure1 in great      
agony1 perplexed1 dejected1 astonished1 
impatient1 utterly undone3 fearful1     
suspicious of all4 ,yet again1 many of  
them desperate harebrains1 rash1        
careless1 fit to be assassinates1 as    
being void of all fear and sorrow1      

according to #beae;,hercules de         
,saxonia1 ,most audacious1 and such as  
dare walk alone in the night1 through   
deserts and dangerous places1 fearing   
none4 ,amorous4 ,they are prone to love1
 and #beaf;easy to be taken2 ,propensi  
ad amorem et excandescentiam 7,montaltus
 cap4 #ba47 quickly enamoured1 and dote 
upon all1 love one dearly1 till they see
 another1 and then dote on her1 ,et     
hanc1 et hanc1 et illam1 et omnes1 the  
present moves most1 and the last        
commonly they love best4 ,yet some again
 ,anterotes1 cannot endure the sight of 
a woman1 abhor the sex1 as that same    
melancholy #beag;duke of ,muscovy1 that 
was instantly sick1 if he came but in   
sight of them2 and that                 
#beah;,anchorite1 that fell into a cold 
palsy1 when a woman was brought before  
him4 ,humorous4 ,humorous they are      
beyond all measure1 sometimes profusely 
laughing1 extraordinarily merry1 and    
then again weeping without a cause1     
7which is familiar with many            

gentlewomen17 groaning1 sighing1        
pensive1 sad1 almost distracted1 multa  
absurda fingunt1 et a ratione aliena    
7saith #beai;,frambesarius71 they feign 
many absurdities1 vain1 void of reason3 
one supposeth himself to be a dog1 cock1
 bear1 horse1 glass1 butter1 c4 ,he is a
 giant1 a dwarf1 as strong as an hundred
 men1 a lord1 duke1 prince1 c4 ,and if  
he be told he hath a stinking breath1 a 
great nose1 that he is sick1 or inclined
 to such or such a disease1 he believes 
it eftsoons1 and peradventure by force  
of imagination will work it out4 ,many  
of them are immovable1 and fixed in     
their conceits1 others vary upon every  
object1 heard or seen4 ,if they see a   
stage-play1 they run upon that a week   
after2 if they hear music1 or see       
dancing1 they have nought but bagpipes  
in their brain3 if they see a combat1   
they are all for arms4 #bebj;,if abused1
 an abuse troubles them long after2 if  
crossed1 that cross1 c4 ,restless in    
their thoughts and actions1 continually 

meditating1 ,velut aegri somnia1 vanae  
finguntur species2 more like dreams1    
than men awake1 they fain a company of  
antic1 fantastical conceits1 they have  
most frivolous thoughts1 impossible to  
be effected2 and sometimes think verily 
they hear and see present before their  
eyes such phantasms or goblins1 they    
fear1 suspect1 or conceive1 they still  
talk with1 and follow them4 ,in fine1   
cogitationes somniantibus similes1 id   
vigilant1 quod alii somniant            
cogitabundi1 still1 saith ,avicenna1    
they wake1 as others dream1 and such for
 the most part are their imaginations   
and conceits1 #beba;absurd1 vain1       
foolish toys1 yet they are #bebbmost    
curious and solicitous1 continual1 et   
supra modum1 ,rhasis cont4 lib4 #a4 cap4
 #i4 praemeditantur de aliqua re4 ,as   
serious in a toy1 as if it were a most  
necessary business1 of great moment1    
importance1 and still1 still1 still     
thinking of it3 saeviunt in se1         
macerating themselves4 ,though they do  

talk with you1 and seem to be otherwise 
employed1 and to your thinking very     
intent and busy1 still that toy runs in 
their mind1 that fear1 that suspicion1  
that abuse1 that jealousy1 that agony1  
that vexation1 that cross1 that castle  
in the air1 that crotchet1 that whimsy1 
that fiction1 that pleasant waking      
dream1 whatsoever it is4 ,nec           
interrogant 7saith #bebc;,fracastorius7 
nec interrogatis recte respondent4 ,they
 do not much heed what you say1 their   
mind is on another matter2 ask what you 
will1 they do not attend1 or much intend
 that business they are about1 but      
forget themselves what they are saying1 
doing1 or should otherwise say or do1   
whither they are going1 distracted with 
their own melancholy thoughts4 ,one     
laughs upon a sudden1 another smiles to 
himself1 a third frowns1 calls1 his lips
 go still1 he acts with his hand as he  
walks1 c4 ',tis proper to all melancholy
 men1 saith #bebd,mercurialis1 con4 #aa4
 ,what conceit they have once           

entertained1 to be most intent1 violent1
 and continually about it4 ,invitas     
occurrit1 do what they may they cannot  
be rid of it1 against their wills they  
must think of it a thousand times over1 
,perpetuo molestantur nec oblivisci     
possunt1 they are continually troubled  
with it1 in company1 out of company2 at 
meat1 at exercise1 at all times and     
places1 #bebenon desinunt ea1 quae1     
minime volunt1 cogitare1 if it be       
offensive especially1 they cannot forget
 it1 they may not rest or sleep for it1 
but still tormenting themselves1        
,sysiphi saxum volvunt sibi ipsis1 as   
#bebf;,brunner observes1 ,perpetua      
calamitas et miserabile flagellum4      
,bashfulness4 #bebg;,crato1             
#bebh,laurentius1 and ,fernelius1 put   
bashfulness for an ordinary symptom1    
sabrusticus pudor1 or vitiosus pudor1 is
 a thing which much haunts and torments 
them4 ,if they have been misused1       
derided1 disgraced1 chidden1 c41 or by  
any perturbation of mind1 misaffected1  

it so far troubles them1 that they      
become quite moped many times1 and so   
disheartened1 dejected1 they dare not   
come abroad1 into strange companies     
especially1 or manage their ordinary    
affairs1 so childish1 timorous1 and     
bashful1 they can look no man in the    
face2 some are more disquieted in this  
kind1 some less1 longer some1 others    
shorter1 by fits1 c41 though some on the
 other side 7according to               
#bebi;,fracastorius7 be inverecundi et  
pertinaces1 impudent and peevish4 ,but  
most part they are very shamefaced1 and 
that makes them with ,pet4 ,blesensis1  
,christopher ,urswick1 and many such1 to
 refuse honours1 offices1 and           
preferments1 which sometimes fall into  
their mouths1 they cannot speak1 or put 
forth themselves as others can1 timor   
hos1 pudor impedit illos1 timorousness  
and bashfulness hinder their            
proceedings1 they are contented with    
their present estate1 unwilling to      
undertake any office1 and therefore     

never likely to rise4 ,for that cause   
they seldom visit their friends1 except 
some familiars3 pauciloqui1 of few      
words1 and oftentimes wholly silent4    
#becj ,frambeserius1 a ,frenchman1 had  
two such patients1 omnino taciturnos1   
their friends could not get them to     
speak3 ,rodericus a ,fonseca consult4   
tom4 #b4 #he4 consil4 gives instance in 
a young man1 of twenty-seven years of   
age1 that was frequently silent1        
bashful1 moped1 solitary1 that would not
 eat his meat1 or sleep1 and yet again  
by fits apt to be angry1 c4             
,solitariness4 ,most part they are1 as  
,plater notes1 desides1 taciturni1 aegre
 impulsi1 nec nisi coacti procedunt1 c4 
they will scarce be compelled to do that
 which concerns them1 though it be for  
their good1 so diffident1 so dull1 of   
small or no compliment1 unsociable1 hard
 to be acquainted with1 especially of   
strangers2 they had rather write their  
minds than speak1 and above all things  
love solitariness4 ,ob voluptatem1 an ob

 timorem soli sunt8 ,are they so        
solitary for pleasure 7one asks17 or    
pain8 for both2 yet ,i rather think for 
fear and sorrow1 c4 #beca;,hinc metuunt 
cupiuntque1 dolent fugiuntque1 nec auras
 ,respiciunt1 clausi tenebris1 et       
carcere caeco4  ,hence 'tis they grieve 
and fear1 avoiding light1 ,and shut     
themselves in prison dark from sight4   
,as ,bellerophon in #becb;,homer1 ,qui  
miser in sylvis moerens errabat opacis1 
,ipse suum cor edens1 hominum vestigia  
vitans4  ,that wandered in the woods sad
 all alone1 ,forsaking men's society1   
making great moan4  ,they delight in    
floods and waters1 desert places1 to    
walk alone in orchards1 gardens1 private
 walks1 back lanes1 averse from company1
 as ,diogenes in his tub1 or ,timon     
,misanthropus #becc1 they abhor all     
companions at last1 even their nearest  
acquaintances and most familiar friends1
 for they have a conceit 7,i say7 every 
man observes them1 will deride1 laugh to
 scorn1 or misuse them1 confining       

themselves therefore wholly to their    
private houses or chambers1 fugiunt     
homines sine causa 7saith ,rhasis7 et   
odio habent1 cont4 l4 #a4 c4 #i4 they   
will diet themselves1 feed and live     
alone4 ,it was one of the chiefest      
reasons why the citizens of ,abdera     
suspected ,democritus to be melancholy  
and mad1 because that1 as ,hippocrates  
related in his ,epistle to              
,philopaemenes1 #becd;he forsook the    
city1 lived in groves and hollow trees1 
upon a green bank by a brook side1 or   
confluence of waters all day long1 and  
all night4 ,quae quidem 7saith he7      
plurimum atra bile vexatis et           
melancholicis eveniunt1 deserta         
frequentant1 hominumque congressum      
aversantur2 #becewhich is an ordinary   
thing with melancholy men4 ,the         
,egyptians therefore in their           
hieroglyphics expressed a melancholy man
 by a hare sitting in her form1 as being
 a most timorous and solitary creature1 
,pierius ,hieroglyph4 l4 #ab4 ,but this1

 and all precedent symptoms1 are more or
 less apparent1 as the humour is        
intended or remitted1 hardly perceived  
in some1 or not all1 most manifest in   
others4 ,childish in some1 terrible in  
others2 to be derided in one1 pitied or 
admired in another2 to him by fits1 to a
 second continuate3 and howsoever these 
symptoms be common and incident to all  
persons1 yet they are the more          
remarkable1 frequent1 furious and       
violent in melancholy men4 ,to speak in 
a word1 there is nothing so vain1       
absurd1 ridiculous1 extravagant1        
impossible1 incredible1 so monstrous a  
chimera1 so prodigious and strange1     
#becfsuch as painters and poets durst   
not attempt1 which they will not really 
fear1 feign1 suspect and imagine unto   
themselves3 and that which #becg,lod4   
,vives said in a jest of a silly country
 fellow1 that killed his ass for        
drinking up the moon1 ut lunam mundo    
redderet1 you may truly say of them in  
earnest2 they will act1 conceive all    

extremes1 contrarieties1 and            
contradictions1 and that in infinite    
varieties4 ,melancholici plane          
incredibilia sibi persuadent1 ut vix    
omnibus saeculis duo reperti sint1 qui  
idem imaginati sint 7,erastus de        
,lamiis71 scarce two of two thousand    
that concur in the same symptoms4 ,the  
tower of ,babel never yielded such      
confusion of tongues1 as the chaos of   
melancholy doth variety of symptoms4    
,there is in all melancholy similitudo  
dissimilis1 like men's faces1 a         
disagreeing likeness still2 and as in a 
river we swim in the same place1 though 
not in the same numerical water2 as the 
same instrument affords several lessons1
 so the same disease yields diversity of
 symptoms4 ,which howsoever they be     
diverse1 intricate1 and hard to be      
confined1 ,i will adventure yet in such 
a vast confusion and generality to bring
 them into some order2 and so descend to
 particulars4  ,,subsect4               
,,iii4--,particular ,symptoms from the  

influence of ,stars1 parts of the ,body1
 and ,humours4  ,some men have peculiar 
symptoms1 according to their temperament
 and crisis1 which they had from the    
stars and those celestial influences1   
variety of wits and dispositions1 as    
,anthony ,zara contends1 ,anat4 ingen4  
sect4 #a4 memb4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad4     
plurimum irritant influentiae1          
caelestes1 unde cientur animi           
aegritudines et morbi corporum4         
#bech,one saith1 diverse diseases of the
 body and mind proceed from their       
influences1 #beci;as ,i have already    
proved out of ,ptolemy1 ,pontanus1      
,lemnius1 ,cardan1 and others as they   
are principal significators of manners1 
diseases1 mutually irradiated1 or lords 
of the geniture1 c4 ,ptolomeus in his   
centiloquy1 ,hermes1 or whosoever else  
the author of that tract1 attributes all
 these symptoms1 which are in melancholy
 men1 to celestial influences3 which    
opinion ,mercurialis de affect1 lib4    
cap4 #aj4 rejects2 but1 as ,i say1      

#bedj;,jovianus ,pontanus and others    
stiffly defend4 ,that some are solitary1
 dull1 heavy1 churlish2 some again      
blithe1 buxom1 light1 and merry1 they   
ascribe wholly to the stars4 ,as if     
,saturn be predominant in his nativity1 
and cause melancholy in his temperature1
 then #beda;he shall be very austere1   
sullen1 churlish1 black of colour1      
profound in his cogitations1 full of    
cares1 miseries1 and discontents1 sad   
and fearful1 always silent1 solitary1   
still delighting in husbandry1 in woods1
 orchards1 gardens1 rivers1 ponds1      
pools1 dark walks and close3            
,cogitationes sunt velle aedificare1    
velle arbores plantare1 agros colere1 c4
 ,to catch birds1 fishes1 c4 still      
contriving and musing of such matters4  
,if ,jupiter domineers1 they are more   
ambitious1 still meditating of kingdoms1
 magistracies1 offices1 honours1 or that
 they are princes1 potentates1 and how  
they would carry themselves1 c4 ,if     
,mars1 they are all for wars1 brave     

combats1 monomachies1 testy1 choleric1  
harebrain1 rash1 furious1 and violent in
 their actions4 ,they will feign        
themselves victors1 commanders1 are     
passionate and satirical in their       
speeches1 great braggers1 ruddy of      
colour4 ,and though they be poor in     
show1 vile and base1 yet like ,telephus 
and ,peleus in the #bedbpoet1 ,ampullas 
jactant et sesquipedalia verba1 forget  
their swelling and gigantic words1 their
 mouths are full of myriads1 and        
tetrarchs at their tongues' end4 ,if the
 sun1 they will be lords1 emperors1 in  
conceit at least1 and monarchs1 give    
offices1 honours1 c4 ,if ,venus1 they   
are still courting of their mistresses1 
and most apt to love1 amorously given1  
they seem to hear music1 plays1 see fine
 pictures1 dancers1 merriments1 and the 
like4 ,ever in love1 and dote on all    
they see4 ,mercurialists are solitary1  
much in contemplation1 subtle1 poets1   
philosophers1 and musing most part about
 such matters4 ,if the moon have a hand1

 they are all for peregrinations1 sea   
voyages1 much affected with travels1 to 
discourse1 read1 meditate of such       
things2 wandering in their thoughts1    
diverse1 much delighting in waters1 to  
fish1 fowl1 c4 ,but the most immediate  
symptoms proceed from the temperature   
itself1 and the organical parts1 as     
head1 liver1 spleen1 mesaraic veins1    
heart1 womb1 stomach1 c41 and most      
especially from distemperature of       
spirits 7which1 as #bedc;,hercules de   
,saxonia contends1 are wholly           
immaterial71 or from the four humours in
 those seats1 whether they be hot or    
cold1 natural1 unnatural1 innate or     
adventitious1 intended or remitted1     
simple or mixed1 their diverse mixtures1
 and several adustions1 combinations1   
which may be as diversely varied1 as    
those #bedd;four first qualities in     
#bede ,clavius1 and produce as many     
several symptoms and monstrous fictions 
as wine doth effect1 which as ,andreas  
,bachius observes1 lib4 #c4 de vino1    

cap4 #bj4 are infinite4 ,of greater note
 be these4 ,if it be natural melancholy1
 as ,lod4 ,mercatus1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ag4 
de melan4 ,t4 ,bright4 c4 #af4 hath     
largely described1 either of the spleen1
 or of the veins1 faulty by excess of   
quantity1 or thickness of substance1 it 
is a cold and dry humour1 as ,montanus  
affirms1 consil4 #bf the parties are    
sad1 timorous and fearful4 ,prosper     
,calenus1 in his book de atra bile1 will
 have them to be more stupid than       
ordinary1 cold1 heavy1 solitary1        
sluggish4 ,si multam atram bilem et     
frigidam habent4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 
c4 #ai4 l4 #g4 #bedf;holds these that   
are naturally melancholy1 to be of a    
leaden colour or black1 and so doth     
,guianerius1 c4 #c4 tract4 #ae4 and such
 as think themselves dead many times1 or
 that they see1 talk with black men1    
dead men1 spirits and goblins           
frequently1 if it be in excess4 ,these  
symptoms vary according to the mixture  
of those four humours adust1 which is   

unnatural melancholy4 ,for as           
,trallianus hath written1 cap4 #af4 l4  
#g4 #bedg,there is not one cause of this
 melancholy1 nor one humour which       
begets1 but divers diversely intermixed1
 from whence proceeds this variety of   
symptoms3 and those varying again as    
they are hot or cold4 #bedh;,cold       
melancholy 7saith ,benedic4 ,vittorius  
,faventinus pract4 mag47 is a cause of  
dotage1 and more mild symptoms1 if hot  
or more adust1 of more violent passions1
 and furies4 ,fracastorius1 l4 #b4 de   
intellect4 will have us to consider well
 of it1 #bediwith what kind of          
melancholy every one is troubled1 for it
 much avails to know it2 one is enraged 
by fervent heat1 another is possessed by
 sad and cold2 one is fearful1          
shamefaced2 the other impudent and bold2
 as ,ajax1 ,arma rapit superosque furens
 inpraelia poscit3 quite mad or tending 
to madness4 ,nunc hos1 nunc impetit     
illos4 ,bellerophon on the other side1  
solis errat male sanus in agris1 wanders

 alone in the woods2 one despairs1      
weeps1 and is weary of his life1 another
 laughs1 c4 ,all which variety is       
produced from the several degrees of    
heat and cold1 which #beej;,hercules de 
,saxonia will have wholly proceed from  
the distemperature of spirits alone1    
animal especially1 and those immaterial1
 the next and immediate causes of       
melancholy1 as they are hot1 cold1 dry1 
moist1 and from their agitation proceeds
 that diversity of symptoms1 which he   
reckons up1 in the #beeathirteenth chap4
 of his ,tract of ,melancholy1 and that 
largely through every part4 ,others will
 have them come from the diverse        
adustion of the four humours1 which in  
this unnatural melancholy1 by corruption
 of blood1 adust choler1 or melancholy  
natural1 #beeb;by excessive distemper of
 heat turned1 in comparison of the      
natural1 into a sharp lye by force of   
adustion1 cause1 according to the       
diversity of their matter1 diverse and  
strange symptoms1 which ,t4 ,bright     

reckons up in his following chapter4 ,so
 doth #beec;,arculanus1 according to the
 four principal humours adust1 and many 
others4 ,for example1 if it proceed from
 phlegm1 7which is seldom and not so    
frequently as the rest7 #beed;it stirs  
up dull symptoms1 and a kind of         
stupidity1 or impassionate hurt3 they   
are sleepy1 saith #beee,savanarola1     
dull1 slow1 cold1 blockish1 ass-like1   
,asininam melancholiam1 #beef           
,melancthon calls it1 they are much     
given to weeping1 and delight in waters1
 ponds1 pools1 rivers1 fishing1 fowling1
 c4 7,arnoldus breviar4 #a4 cap4 #ah47  
,they are #beegpale of colour1 slothful1
 apt to sleep1 heavy2 #beehmuch troubled
 with headache1 continual meditation1   
and muttering to themselves2 they dream 
of waters1 #beeithat they are in danger 
of drowning1 and fear such things1      
,rhasis4 ,they are fatter than others   
that are melancholy1 of a muddy         
complexion1 apter to spit1 #befj sleep1 
more troubled with rheum than the rest1 

and have their eyes still fixed on the  
ground4 ,such a patient had ,hercules de
 ,saxonia1 a widow in ,venice1 that was 
fat and very sleepy still2              
,christophorus a ,vega another affected 
in the same sort4 ,if it be inveterate  
or violent1 the symptoms are more       
evident1 they plainly denote and are    
ridiculous to others1 in all their      
gestures1 actions1 speeches2 imagining  
impossibilities1 as he in ,christophorus
 a ,vega1 that thought he was a tun of  
wine1 #befa;and that ,siennois1 that    
resolved within himself not to piss1 for
 fear he should drown all the town4 ,if 
it proceed from blood adust1 or that    
there be a mixture of blood in it1      
#befbsuch are commonly ruddy of         
complexion1 and high-coloured1 according
 to ,salust4 ,salvianus1 and ,hercules  
de ,saxonia4 ,and as ,savanarola1       
,vittorius ,faventinus ,emper4 farther  
adds1 #befcthe veins of their eyes be   
red1 as well as their faces4 ,they are  
much inclined to laughter1 witty and    

merry1 conceited in discourse1 pleasant1
 if they be not far gone1 much given to 
music1 dancing1 and to be in women's    
company4 ,they meditate wholly on such  
things1 and think #befdthey see or hear 
plays1 dancing1 and suchlike sports     
7free from all fear and sorrow1 as      
#befe;,hercules de ,saxonia supposeth47 
,if they be more strongly possessed with
 this kind of melancholy1 ,arnoldus     
adds1 ,breviar4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ah4 ,like
 him of ,argos in the ,poet1 that sate  
laughing #beff;all day long1 as if he   
had been at a theatre4 ,such another is 
mentioned by #befg;,aristotle1 living at
 ,abydos1 a town of ,asia ,minor1 that  
would sit after the same fashion1 as if 
he had been upon a stage1 and sometimes 
act himself2 now clap his hands1 and    
laugh1 as if he had been well pleased   
with the sight4 ,wolfius relates of a   
country fellow called ,brunsellius1     
subject to this humour1 #befhthat being 
by chance at a sermon1 saw a woman fall 
off from a form half asleep1 at which   

object most of the company laughed1 but 
he for his part was so much moved1 that 
for three whole days after he did       
nothing but laugh1 by which means he was
 much weakened1 and worse a long time   
following4 ,such a one was old          
,sophocles1 and ,democritus himself had 
hilare delirium1 much in this vein4     
,laurentius cap4 #c4 de melan4 thinks   
this kind of melancholy1 which is a     
little adust with some mixture of blood1
 to be that which ,aristotle meant1 when
 he said melancholy men of all others   
are most witty1 which causeth many times
 a divine ravishment1 and a kind of     
enthusiasmus1 which stirreth them up to 
be excellent philosophers1 poets1       
prophets1 c4 ,mercurialis1 consil4 #aaj4
 gives instance in a young man his      
patient1 sanguine melancholy1 #befiof a 
great wit1 and excellently learned4 ,if 
it arise from choler adust1 they are    
bold and impudent1 and of a more        
harebrain disposition1 apt to quarrel1  
and think of such things1 battles1      

combats1 and their manhood1 furious2    
impatient in discourse1 stiff1          
irrefragable and prodigious in their    
tenets2 and if they be moved1 most      
violent1 outrageous1 #begjready to      
disgrace1 provoke any1 to kill          
themselves and others2 ,arnoldus adds1  
stark mad by fits1 #begathey sleep      
little1 their urine is subtle and fiery4
 7,guianerius47 ,in their fits you shall
 hear them speak all manner of          
languages1 ,hebrew1 ,greek1 and ,latin1 
that never were taught or knew them     
before4 ,apponensis in com4 in ,pro4    
sec4 #cj4 speaks of a mad woman that    
spake excellent good ,latin3 and ,rhasis
 knew another1 that could prophecy in   
her fit1 and foretell things truly to   
come4 #begb;,guianerius had a patient   
could make ,latin verses when the moon  
was combust1 otherwise illiterate4      
,avicenna and some of his adherents will
 have these symptoms1 when they happen1 
to proceed from the devil1 and that they
 are rather demoniaci1 possessed1 than  

mad or melancholy1 or both together1 as 
,jason ,pratensis thinks1 ,immiscent se 
mali genii1 c4 but most ascribe it to   
the humour1 which opinion ,montaltus    
cap4 #ba4 stiffly maintains1 confuting  
,avicenna and the rest1 referring it    
wholly to the quality and disposition of
 the humour and subject4 ,cardan de     
rerum var4 lib4 #h4 cap4 #aj4 holds     
these men of all others fit to be       
assassins1 bold1 hardy1 fierce1 and     
adventurous1 to undertake anything by   
reason of their choler adust4 #begc,this
 humour1 saith he1 prepares them to     
endure death itself1 and all manner of  
torments with invincible courage1 and   
'tis a wonder to see with what alacrity 
they will undergo such tortures1 ut     
supra naturam res videatur3 he ascribes 
this generosity1 fury1 or rather        
stupidity1 to this adustion of choler   
and melancholy3 but ,i take these rather
 to be mad or desperate1 than properly  
melancholy2 for commonly this humour so 
adust and hot1 degenerates into madness4

 ,if it come from melancholy itself     
adust1 those men1 saith ,avicenna1 #begd
 are usually sad and solitary1 and that 
continually1 and in excess1 more than   
ordinarily suspicious more fearful1 and 
have long1 sore1 and most corrupt       
imaginations2 cold and black1 bashful1  
and so solitary1 that as #bege;,arnoldus
 writes1 they will endure no company1   
they dream of graves still1 and dead    
men1 and think themselves bewitched or  
dead3 if it be extreme1 they think they 
hear hideous noises1 see and talk       
#begfwith black men1 and converse       
familiarly with devils1 and such strange
 chimeras and visions1 7,gordonius7 or  
that they are possessed by them1 that   
somebody talks to them1 or within them4 
,tales melancholici plerumque           
daemoniaci1 ,montaltus consil4 #bf4 ex  
,avicenna4 ,valescus de ,taranta had    
such a woman in cure1 #beggthat thought 
she had to do with the devil3 and       
,gentilis ,fulgosus quaest4 #ee4 writes 
that he had a melancholy friend1 that   

#begh had a black man in the likeness of
 a soldier still following him          
wheresoever he was4 ,laurentius cap4 #g4
 hath many stories of such as have      
thought themselves bewitched by their   
enemies2 and some that would eat no meat
 as being dead4 #begi;,anno #aeej an    
advocate of ,paris fell into such a     
melancholy fit1 that he believed verily 
he was dead1 he could not be persuaded  
otherwise1 or to eat or drink1 till a   
kinsman of his1 a scholar of ,bourges1  
did eat before him dressed like a corse4
 ,the story1 saith ,serres1 was acted in
 a comedy before ,charles the ,ninth4   
,some think they are beasts1 wolves1    
hogs1 and cry like dogs1 foxes1 bray    
like asses1 and low like kine1 as ,king 
,praetus' daughters4 #behj;,hildesheim  
spicel4 #b4 de mania1 hath an example of
 a ,dutch baron so affected1 and        
,trincavelius lib4 #a4 consil4 #aa4     
another of a nobleman in his country1   
#behathat thought he was certainly a    
beast1 and would imitate most of their  

voices1 with many such symptoms1 which  
may properly be reduced to this kind4   
,if it proceed from the several         
combinations of these four humours1 or  
spirits1 ,herc4 de ,saxon4 adds hot1    
cold1 dry1 moist1 dark1 confused1       
settled1 constringed1 as it participates
 of matter1 or is without matter1 the   
symptoms are likewise mixed4 ,one thinks
 himself a giant1 another a dwarf4 ,one 
is heavy as lead1 another is as light as
 a feather4 ,marcellus ,donatus l4 #b4  
cap4 #da4 makes mention out of ,seneca1 
of one ,seneccio1 a rich man1 #behbthat 
thought himself and everything else he  
had1 great3 great wife1 great horses1   
could not abide little things1 but would
 have great pots to drink in1 great     
hose1 and great shoes bigger than his   
feet4 ,like her in #behc,trallianus1    
that supposed she could shake all the   
world with her finger1 and was afraid to
 clinch her hand together1 lest she     
should crush the world like an apple in 
pieces3 or him in ,galen1 that thought  

he was #behd;,atlas1 and sustained      
heaven with his shoulders4 ,another     
thinks himself so little1 that he can   
creep into a mouse-hole3 one fears      
heaven will fall on his head3 a second  
is a cock2 and such a one1              
#behe;,guianerius saith he saw at       
,padua1 that would clap his hands       
together and crow4 #behf;,another thinks
 he is a nightingale1 and therefore     
sings all the night long2 another he is 
all glass1 a pitcher1 and will therefore
 let nobody come near him1 and such a   
one #behg,laurentius gives out upon his 
credit1 that he knew in ,france4        
,christophorus a ,vega cap4 #c4 lib4    
#ad4 ,skenkius and ,marcellus ,donatus  
l4 #b4 cap4 #a4 have many such examples1
 and one amongst the rest of a baker in 
,ferrara that thought he was composed of
 butter1 and durst not sit in the sun1  
or come near the fire for fear of being 
melted3 of another that thought he was a
 case of leather1 stuffed with wind4    
,some laugh1 weep2 some are mad1 some   

dejected1 moped1 in much agony1 some by 
fits1 others continuate1 c4 ,some have a
 corrupt ear1 they think they hear      
music1 or some hideous noise as their   
phantasy conceives1 corrupt eyes1 some  
smelling1 some one sense1 some another4 
#behh,lewis the ,eleventh had a conceit 
everything did stink about him1 all the 
odoriferous perfumes they could get1    
would not ease him1 but still he smelled
 a filthy stink4 ,a melancholy ,french  
poet in #behi,laurentius1 being sick of 
a fever1 and troubled with waking1 by   
his physicians was appointed to use     
unguentum populeum to anoint his        
temples2 but he so distasted the smell  
of it1 that for many years after1 all   
that came near him he imagined to scent 
of it1 and would let no man talk with   
him but aloof off1 or wear any new      
clothes1 because he thought still they  
smelled of it2 in all other things wise 
and discreet1 he would talk sensibly1   
save only in this4 ,a gentleman in      
,limousin1 saith ,anthony ,verdeur1 was 

persuaded he had but one leg1 affrighted
 by a wild boar1 that by chance struck  
him on the leg2 he could not be         
satisfied his leg was sound 7in all     
other things well7 until two            
,franciscans by chance coming that way1 
fully removed him from the conceit4 ,sed
 abunde fabularum audivimus1--enough of 
story-telling4  ,,subsect4              
,,iv4--,symptoms from ,education1       
,custom1 continuance of ,time1 our      
,condition1 mixed with other ,diseases1 
by ,fits1 ,inclination1 c4  ,another    
great occasion of the variety of these  
symptoms proceeds from custom1          
discipline1 education1 and several      
inclinations1 #beijthis humour will     
imprint in melancholy men the objects   
most answerable to their condition of   
life1 and ordinary actions1 and dispose 
men according to their several studies  
and callings4 ,if an ambitious man      
become melancholy1 he forthwith thinks  
he is a king1 an emperor1 a monarch1 and
 walks alone1 pleasing himself with a   

vain hope of some future preferment1 or 
present as he supposeth1 and withal acts
 a lord's part1 takes upon him to be    
some statesman or magnifico1 makes      
conges1 gives entertainment1 looks big1 
c4 ,francisco ,sansovino records of a   
melancholy man in ,cremona1 that would  
not be induced to believe but that he   
was pope1 gave pardons1 made cardinals1 
c4 #beia;,christophorus a ,vega makes   
mention of another of his acquaintance1 
that thought he was a king1 driven from 
his kingdom1 and was very anxious to    
recover his estate4 ,a covetous person  
is still conversant about purchasing of 
lands and tenements1 plotting in his    
mind how to compass such and such       
manors1 as if he were already lord of1  
and able to go through with it2 all he  
sees is his1 re or spe1 he hath devoured
 it in hope1 or else in conceit esteems 
it his own3 like him in                 
#beib;,athenaeus1 that thought all the  
ships in the haven to be his own4 ,a    
lascivious inamorato plots all the day  

long to please his mistress1 acts and   
struts1 and carries himself as if she   
were in presence1 still dreaming of her1
 as ,pamphilus of his ,glycerium1 or as 
some do in their morning sleep4 #beic   
,marcellus ,donatus knew such a         
gentlewoman in ,mantua1 called ,elionora
 ,meliorina1 that constantly believed   
she was married to a king1 and #beid    
would kneel down and talk with him1 as  
if he had been there present with his   
associates2 and if she had found by     
chance a piece of glass in a muck-hill  
or in the street1 she would say that it 
was a jewel sent from her lord and      
husband4 ,if devout and religious1 he is
 all for fasting1 prayer1 ceremonies1   
alms1 interpretations1 visions1         
prophecies1 revelations1 #beie he is    
inspired by the ,holy ,ghost1 full of   
the spirit3 one while he is saved1      
another while damned1 or still troubled 
in mind for his sins1 the devil will    
surely have him1 c4 more of these in the
 third partition of love-melancholy4    

#beif;,a scholar's mind is busied about 
his studies1 he applauds himself for    
that he hath done1 or hopes to do1 one  
while fearing to be out in his next     
exercise1 another while contemning all  
censures2 envies one1 emulates another2 
or else with indefatigable pains and    
meditation1 consumes himself4 ,so of the
 rest1 all which vary according to the  
more remiss and violent impression of   
the object1 or as the humour itself is  
intended or remitted4 ,for some are so  
gently melancholy1 that in all their    
carriage1 and to the outward            
apprehension of others it can hardly be 
discerned1 yet to them an intolerable   
burden1 and not to be endured4          
#beig,quaedam occulta quaedam manifesta1
 some signs are manifest and obvious to 
all at all times1 some to few1 or       
seldom1 or hardly perceived2 let them   
keep their own council1 none will take  
notice or suspect them4 ,they do not    
express in outward show their depraved  
imaginations1 as #beih;,hercules de     

,saxonia observes1 but conceal them     
wholly to themselves1 and are very wise 
men1 as ,i have often seen2 some fear1  
some do not fear at all1 as such as     
think themselves kings or dead1 some    
have more signs1 some fewer1 some great1
 some less1 some vex1 fret1 still fear1 
grieve1 lament1 suspect1 laugh1 sing1   
weep1 chafe1 c4 by fits 7as ,i have     
said7 or more during and permanent4     
,some dote in one thing1 are most       
childish1 and ridiculous1 and to be     
wondered at in that1 and yet for all    
other matters most discreet and wise4   
,to some it is in disposition1 to       
another in habit2 and as they write of  
heat and cold1 we may say of this       
humour1 one is melancholicus ad octo1 a 
second two degrees less1 a third        
halfway4 ',tis superparticular1         
sesquialtera1 sesquitertia1 and         
superbipartiens tertias1 quintas        
,melancholiae1 c4 all those geometrical 
proportions are too little to express   
it4 #beii;,it comes to many by fits1 and

 goes2 to others it is continuate3 many 
7saith #bfjj;,faventinus7 in spring and 
fall only are molested1 some once a     
year1 as that ,roman #bfja ,galen speaks
 of3 #bfjbone1 at the conjunction of the
 moon alone1 or some unfortunate        
aspects1 at such and such set hours and 
times1 like the sea-tides1 to some women
 when they be with child1 as            
#bfjc,plater notes1 never otherwise3 to 
others 'tis settled and fixed2 to one   
led about and variable still by that    
ignis fatuus of phantasy1 like an       
arthritis or running gout1 'tis here and
 there1 and in every joint1 always      
molesting some part or other2 or if the 
body be free1 in a myriad of forms      
exercising the mind4 ,a second once     
peradventure in his life hath a most    
grievous fit1 once in seven years1 once 
in five years1 even to the extremity of 
madness1 death1 or dotage1 and that     
upon1 some feral accident or            
perturbation1 terrible object1 and for a
 time1 never perhaps so before1 never   

after4 ,a third is moved upon all such  
troublesome objects1 cross fortune1     
disaster1 and violent passions1         
otherwise free1 once troubled in three  
or four years4 ,a fourth1 if things be  
to his mind1 or he in action1 well      
pleased1 in good company1 is most       
jocund1 and of a good complexion3 if    
idle1 or alone1 a la mort1 or carried   
away wholly with pleasant dreams and    
phantasies1 but if once crossed and     
displeased1 ,pectore concipiet nil nisi 
triste suo2  ,he will imagine naught    
save sadness in his heart2  his         
countenance is altered on a sudden1 his 
heart heavy1 irksome thoughts crucify   
his soul1 and in an instant he is moped 
or weary of his life1 he will kill      
himself4 ,a fifth complains in his      
youth1 a sixth in his middle age1 the   
last in his old age4 ,generally thus    
much we may conclude of melancholy2 that
 it is #bfjdmost pleasant at first1 ,i  
say1 mentis gratissimus error1 #bfje;a  
most delightsome humour1 to be alone1   

dwell alone1 walk alone1 meditate1 lie  
in bed whole days1 dreaming awake as it 
were1 and frame a thousand fantastical  
imaginations unto themselves4 ,they are 
never better pleased than when they are 
so doing1 they are in paradise for the  
time1 and cannot well endure to be      
interrupt2 with him in the poet1        
#bfjfpol me occidistis amici1 non       
servastis ait8 you have undone him1 he  
complains1 if you trouble him3 tell him 
what inconvenience will follow1 what    
will be the event1 all is one1 canis ad 
vomitum1 #bfjg'tis so pleasant he cannot
 refrain4 ,he may thus continue         
peradventure many years by reason of a  
strong temperature1 or some mixture of  
business1 which may divert his          
cogitations3 but at the last laesa      
imaginatio1 his phantasy is crazed1 and 
now habituated to such toys1 cannot but 
work still like a fate1 the scene alters
 upon a sudden1 fear and sorrow supplant
 those pleasing thoughts1 suspicion1    
discontent1 and perpetual anxiety       

succeed in their places2 so by little   
and little1 by that shoeing-horn of     
idleness1 and voluntary solitariness1   
melancholy this feral fiend is drawn on1
 #bfjh;et quantum vertice ad auras      
,aethereas1 tantum radice in ,tartara   
tendit1 extending up1 by its branches1  
so far towards ,heaven1 as1 by its      
roots1 it does down towards ,tartarus2  
it was not so delicious at first1 as now
 it is bitter and harsh2 a cankered soul
 macerated with cares and discontents1  
taedium vitae1 impatience1 agony1       
inconstancy1 irresolution1 precipitate  
them unto unspeakable miseries4 ,they   
cannot endure company1 light1 or life   
itself1 some unfit for action1 and the  
like4 #bfji,their bodies are lean and   
dried up1 withered1 ugly1 their looks   
harsh1 very dull1 and their souls       
tormented1 as they are more or less     
entangled1 as the humour hath been      
intended1 or according to the           
continuance of time they have been      
troubled4 ,to discern all which symptoms

 the better1 #bfaj,rhasis the ,arabian  
makes three degrees of them4 ,the first 
is1 falsa cogitatio1 false conceits and 
idle thoughts3 to misconstrue and       
amplify1 aggravating everything they    
conceive or fear2 the second is1 falso  
cogitata loqui1 to talk to themselves1  
or to use inarticulate incondite voices1
 speeches1 obsolete gestures1 and       
plainly to utter their minds and        
conceits of their hearts1 by their words
 and actions1 as to laugh1 weep1 to be  
silent1 not to sleep1 eat their meat1   
c43 the third is to put in practice     
#bfaathat which they think or speak4    
,savanarola1 ,rub4 #aa4 tract4 #h4 cap4 
#a4 de aegritudine1 confirms as much1   
#bfabwhen he begins to express that in  
words1 which he conceives in his heart1 
or talks idly1 or goes from one thing to
 another1 which #bfac;,gordonius calls  
nec caput habentia1 nec caudam1 7having 
neither head nor tail17 he is in the    
middle way3 #bfad but when he begins to 
act it likewise1 and to put his         

fopperies in execution1 he is then in   
the extent of melancholy1 or madness    
itself4 ,this progress of melancholy you
 shall easily observe in them that have 
been so affected1 they go smiling to    
themselves at first1 at length they     
laugh out2 at first solitary1 at last   
they can endure no company3 or if they  
do1 they are now dizzards1 past sense   
and shame1 quite moped1 they care not   
what they say or do1 all their actions1 
words1 gestures1 are furious or         
ridiculous4 ,at first his mind is       
troubled1 he doth not attend what is    
said1 if you tell him a tale1 he cries  
at last1 what said you8 but in the end  
he mutters to himself1 as old women do  
many times1 or old men when they sit    
alone1 upon a sudden they laugh1 whoop1 
halloo1 or run away1 and swear they see 
or hear players1 #bfae;devils1          
hobgoblins1 ghosts1 strike1 or strut1   
c41 grow humorous in the end2 like him  
in the poet1 saepe ducentos1 saepe decem
 servos1 7at one time followed by two   

hundred servants1 at another only by    
ten7 he will dress himself1 and undress1
 careless at last1 grows insensible1    
stupid1 or mad4 #bfaf;,he howls like a  
wolf1 barks like a dog1 and raves like  
,ajax and ,orestes1 hears music and     
outcries1 which no man else hears4 ,as  
#bfag;he did whom ,amatus ,lusitanus    
mentioneth cent4 #c1 cura4 #ee1 or that 
woman in #bfah,springer1 that spake many
 languages1 and said she was possessed3 
that farmer in #bfai,prosper ,calenius1 
that disputed and discoursed learnedly  
in philosophy and astronomy1 with       
,alexander ,achilles his master1 at     
,bologna1 in ,italy4 ,but of these ,i   
have already spoken4 ,who can           
sufficiently speak of these symptoms1 or
 prescribe rules to comprehend them8 as 
,echo to the painter in ,ausonius1 vane 
quid affectas1 c41 foolish fellow2 what 
wilt8 if you must needs paint me1 paint 
a voice1 et similem si vis pingere1     
pinge sonum2 if you will describe       
melancholy1 describe a fantastical      

conceit1 a corrupt imagination1 vain    
thoughts and different1 which who can   
do8 ,the four and twenty letters make no
 more variety of words in diverse       
languages1 than melancholy conceits     
produce diversity of symptoms in several
 persons4 ,they are irregular1 obscure1 
various1 so infinite1 ,proteus himself  
is not so diverse1 you may as well make 
the moon a new coat1 as a true character
 of a melancholy man2 as soon find the  
motion of a bird in the air1 as the     
heart of man1 a melancholy man4 ,they   
are so confused1 ,i say1 diverse1       
intermixed with other diseases4 ,as the 
species be confounded 7which #bfbj;,i   
have showed7 so are the symptoms2       
sometimes with headache1 cachexia1      
dropsy1 stone2 as you may perceive by   
those several examples and              
illustrations1 collected by #bfba       
,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 ,mercurialis    
consil4 #aah4 cap4 #f and #aa4 with     
headache1 epilepsy1 priapismus4         
,trincavelius consil4 #ab4 lib4 #a4     

consil4 #di4 with gout3 caninus         
appetitus4 ,montanus consil4 #bf1 c4    
#bc1 #bcd1 #bdi1 with falling-sickness1 
headache1 vertigo1 lycanthropia1 c4 ,j4 
,caesar ,claudinus consult4 #d4 consult4
 #hi and #aaf4 with gout1 agues1        
haemorrhoids1 stone1 c41 who can        
distinguish these melancholy symptoms so
 intermixed with others1 or apply them  
to their several kinds1 confine them    
into method8 ',tis hard ,i confess1 yet 
,i have disposed of them as ,i could1   
and will descend to particularise them  
according to their species4 ,for        
hitherto ,i have expatiated in more     
general lists or terms1 speaking        
promiscuously of such ordinary signs1   
which occur amongst writers4 ,not that  
they are all to be found in one man1 for
 that were to paint a monster or        
chimera1 not a man3 but some in one1    
some in another1 and that successively  
or at several times4 ,which ,i have been
 the more curious to express and report2
 not to upbraid any miserable man1 or by

 way of derision1 7,i rather pity them17
 but the better to discern1 to apply    
remedies unto them2 and to show that the
 best and soundest of us all is in great
 danger2 how much we ought to fear our  
own fickle estates1 remember our        
miseries and vanities1 examine and      
humiliate ourselves1 seek to ,god1 and  
call to ,him for mercy1 that needs not  
look for any rods to scourge ourselves1 
since we carry them in our bowels1 and  
that our souls are in a miserable       
captivity1 if the light of grace and    
heavenly truth doth not shine           
continually upon us3 and by our         
discretion to moderate ourselves1 to be 
more circumspect and wary in the midst  
of these dangers4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4        
,,subsect4 ,i4--,symptoms of            
,head-,melancholy4  ,if #bfbbno symptoms
 appear about the stomach1 nor the blood
 be misaffected1 and fear and sorrow    
continue1 it is to be thought the brain 
itself is troubled1 by reason of a      
melancholy juice bred in it1 or         

otherwise conveyed into it1 and that    
evil juice is from the distemperature of
 the part1 or left after some           
inflammation1 thus far ,piso4 ,but this 
is not always true1 for blood and       
hypochondries both are often affected   
even in head-melancholy4 #bfbc;,hercules
 de ,saxonia differs here from the      
common current of writers1 putting      
peculiar signs of head-melancholy1 from 
the sole distemperature of spirits in   
the brain1 as they are hot1 cold1 dry1  
moist1 all without matter from the      
motion alone1 and tenebrosity of        
spirits2 of melancholy which proceeds   
from humours by adustion1 he treats     
apart1 with their several symptoms and  
cures4 ,the common signs1 if it be by   
essence in the head1 are ruddiness of   
face1 high sanguine complexion1 most    
part rubore saturato1 #bfbdone calls it1
 a bluish1 and sometimes full of        
pimples1 with red eyes4 ,avicenna l4 #c1
 ,fen4 #b1 ,tract4 #d1 c4 #ah4 ,duretus 
and others out of ,galen1 de affect4 l4 

#c1 c4 #f4 #bfbe;,hercules de ,saxonia  
to this of redness of face1 adds        
heaviness of the head1 fixed and hollow 
eyes4 #bfbf;,if it proceed from dryness 
of the brain1 then their heads will be  
light1 vertiginous1 and they most apt to
 wake1 and to continue whole months     
together without sleep4 ,few excrements 
in their eyes and nostrils1 and often   
bald by reason of excess of dryness1    
,montaltus adds1 c4 #ag4 ,if it proceed 
from moisture3 dullness1 drowsiness1    
headache follows2 and as ,salust4       
,salvianus1 c4 #a1 l4 #b1 out of his own
 experience found1 epileptical1 with a  
multitude of humours in the head4 ,they 
are very bashful1 if ruddy1 apt to      
blush1 and to be red upon all occasions1
 praesertim si metus accesserit4 ,but   
the chiefest symptom to discern this    
species1 as ,i have said1 is this1 that 
there be no notable signs in the        
stomach1 hypochondries1 or elsewhere1   
digna1 as #bfbg ,montaltus terms them1  
or of greater note1 because oftentimes  

the passions of the stomach concur with 
them4 ,wind is common to all three      
species1 and is not excluded1 only that 
of the hypochondries is #bfbhmore windy 
than the rest1 saith ,hollerius4 ,aetius
 tetrab4 l4 #b1 sc4 #b1 c4 #i and #aj1  
maintains the same1 #bfbi;if there be   
more signs1 and more evident in the head
 than elsewhere1 the brain is primarily 
affected1 and prescribes head-melancholy
 to be cured by meats amongst the rest1 
void of wind1 and good juice1 not       
excluding wind1 or corrupt blood1 even  
in head-melancholy itself3 but these    
species are often confounded1 and so are
 their symptoms1 as ,i have already     
proved4 ,the symptoms of the mind are   
superfluous and continual cogitations2  
#bfcj;for when the head is heated1 it   
scorcheth the blood1 and from thence    
proceed melancholy fumes1 which trouble 
the mind1 ,avicenna4 ,they are very     
choleric1 and soon hot1 solitary1 sad1  
often silent1 watchful1 discontent1     
,montaltus1 cap4 #bd4 ,if anything      

trouble them1 they cannot sleep1 but    
fret themselves still1 till another     
object mitigate1 or time wear it out4   
,they have grievous passions1 and       
immoderate perturbations of the mind1   
fear1 sorrow1 c41 yet not so continuate1
 but that they are sometimes merry1 apt 
to profuse laughter1 which is more to be
 wondered at1 and that by the authority 
of #bfca;,galen himself1 by reason of   
mixture of blood1 praerubri jocosis     
delectantur1 et irrisores plerumque     
sunt1 if they be ruddy1 they are        
delighted in jests1 and oftentimes      
scoffers themselves1 conceited3 and as  
,rodericus a ,vega comments on that     
place of ,galen1 merry1 witty1 of a     
pleasant disposition1 and yet grievously
 melancholy anon after3 omnia discunt   
sine doctore1 saith ,aretus1 they learn 
without a teacher3 and as               
#bfcb,laurentius supposeth1 those feral 
passions and symptoms of such as think  
themselves glass1 pitchers1 feathers1   
c41 speak strange languages1 a colore   

cerebri 7if it be in excess7 from the   
brain's distempered heat4  ,,subsect4   
,,ii4--,symptoms of windy               
,hypochondriacal ,melancholy4  ,in this 
hypochondriacal or flatuous melancholy1 
the symptoms are so ambiguous1 saith    
#bfcc;,crato in a counsel of his for a  
noblewoman1 that the most exquisite     
physicians cannot determine of the part 
affected4 ,matthew ,flaccius1 consulted 
about a noble matron1 confessed as much1
 that in this malady he with ,hollerius1
 ,fracastorius1 ,falopius1 and others1  
being to give their sentence of a party 
labouring of hypochondriacal melancholy1
 could not find out by the symptoms     
which part was most especially affected2
 some said the womb1 some heart1 some   
stomach1 c41 and therefore ,crato1      
consil4 #bd4 lib4 #a4 boldly avers1 that
 in this diversity of symptoms1 which   
commonly accompany this disease1 #bfcdno
 physician can truly say what part is   
affected4 ,galen lib4 #c4 de loc4       
affect41 reckons up these ordinary      

symptoms1 which all the ,neoterics      
repeat of ,diocles2 only this fault he  
finds with him1 that he puts not fear   
and sorrow amongst the other signs4     
,trincavelius excuseth ,diocles1 lib4   
#c4 consil4 #ce4 because that oftentimes
 in a strong head and constitution1 a   
generous spirit1 and a valiant1 these   
symptoms appear not1 by reason of his   
valour and courage4 #bfce;,hercules de  
,saxonia 7to whom ,i subscribe7 is of   
the same mind 7which ,i have before     
touched7 that fear and sorrow are not   
general symptoms2 some fear and are not 
sad2 some be sad and fear not2 some     
neither fear nor grieve4 ,the rest are  
these1 beside fear and sorrow1          
#bfcfsharp belchings1 fulsome crudities1
 heat in the bowels1 wind and rumbling  
in the guts1 vehement gripings1 pain in 
the belly and stomach sometimes1 after  
meat that is hard of concoction1 much   
watering of the stomach1 and moist      
spittle1 cold sweat1 importunus sudor1  
unseasonable sweat all over the body1 as

 ,octavius ,horatianus lib4 #b4 cap4 #e4
 calls it2 cold joints1 indigestion1    
#bfcgthey cannot endure their own       
fulsome belchings1 continual wind about 
their hypochondries1 heat and griping in
 their bowels1 praecordia sursum        
convelluntur1 midriff and bowels are    
pulled up1 the veins about their eyes   
look red1 and swell from vapours and    
wind4 ,their ears sing now and then1    
vertigo and giddiness come by fits1     
turbulent dreams1 dryness1 leanness1 apt
 they are to sweat upon all occasions1  
of all colours and complexions4 ,many of
 them are high-coloured especially after
 meals1 which symptom ,cardinal ,caecius
 was much troubled with1 and of which he
 complained to ,prosper ,calenus his    
physician1 he could not eat1 or drink a 
cup of wine1 but he was as red in the   
face as if he had been at a mayor's     
feast4 ,that symptom alone vexeth many4 
#bfch,some again are black1 pale1 ruddy1
 sometimes their shoulders and shoulder 
blades ache1 there is a leaping all over

 their bodies1 sudden trembling1 a      
palpitation of the heart1 and that      
cardiaca passio1 grief in the mouth of  
the stomach1 which maketh the patient   
think his heart itself acheth1 and      
sometimes suffocation1 difficultas      
anhelitus1 short breath1 hard wind1     
strong pulse1 swooning4 ,montanus       
consil4 #ee4 ,trincavelius lib4 #c4     
consil4 #cf4 et #cg4 ,fernelius cons4   
#dc4 ,frambesarius consult4 lib4 #a4    
consil4 #ag4 ,hildesheim1 ,claudinus1   
c41 give instance of every particular4  
,the peculiar symptoms which properly   
belong to each part be these4 ,if it    
proceed from the stomach1 saith         
#bfci,savanarola1 'tis full of pain     
wind4 ,guianerius adds1 vertigo1 nausea1
 much spitting1 c4 ,if from the mirach1 
a swelling and wind in the              
hypochondries1 a loathing1 and appetite 
to vomit1 pulling upward4 ,if from the  
heart1 aching and trembling of it1 much 
heaviness4 ,if from the liver1 there is 
usually a pain in the right hypochondry4

 ,if from the spleen1 hardness and grief
 in the left hypochondry1 a rumbling1   
much appetite and small digestion1      
,avicenna4 ,if from the mesaraic veins  
and liver on the other side1 little or  
no appetite1 ,herc4 de ,saxonia4 ,if    
from the hypochondries1 a rumbling      
inflation1 concoction is hindered1 often
 belching1 c4 ,and from these crudities1
 windy vapours ascend up to the brain   
which trouble the imagination1 and cause
 fear1 sorrow1 dullness1 heaviness1 many
 terrible conceits and chimeras1 as     
,lemnius well observes1 l4 #a4 c4 #af4  
as #bfdj;a black and thick cloud covers 
the sun1 and intercepts his beams and   
light1 so doth this melancholy vapour   
obnubilate the mind1 enforce it to many 
absurd thoughts and imaginations1 and   
compel good1 wise1 honest1 discreet men 
7arising to the brain from the #bfda    
lower parts1 as smoke out of a chimney7 
to dote1 speak1 and do that which       
becomes them not1 their persons1        
callings1 wisdoms4 ,one by reason of    

those ascending vapours and gripings1   
rumbling beneath1 will not be persuaded 
but that he hath a serpent in his guts1 
a viper1 another frogs4 ,trallianus     
relates a story of a woman1 that        
imagined she had swallowed an eel1 or a 
serpent1 and ,felix ,platerus1 observat4
 lib4 #a4 hath a most memorable example 
of a countryman of his1 that by chance1 
falling into a pit where frogs and      
frogs' spawn was1 and a little of that  
water swallowed1 began to suspect that  
he had likewise swallowed frogs' spawn1 
and with that conceit and fear1 his     
phantasy wrought so far1 that he verily 
thought he had young live frogs in his  
belly1 qui vivebant ex alimento suo1    
that lived by his nourishment1 and was  
so certainly persuaded of it1 that for  
many years afterwards he could not be   
rectified in his conceit3 ,he studied   
physic seven years together to cure     
himself1 travelled into ,italy1 ,france 
and ,germany to confer with the best    
physicians about it1 and ,a4,d4 #afji1  

asked his counsel amongst the rest2 he  
told him it was wind1 his conceit1 c41  
but mordicus contradicere1 et ore1 et   
scriptis probare nitebatur3 no saying   
would serve1 it was no wind1 but real   
frogs3 and do you not hear them croak8  
,platerus would have deceived him1 by   
putting live frog's into his excrements2
 but he1 being a physician himself1     
would not be deceived1 vir prudens      
alias1 et doctus a wise and learned man 
otherwise1 a doctor of physic1 and after
 seven years' dotage in this kind1 a    
phantasia liberatus est1 he was cured4  
,laurentius and ,goulart have many such 
examples1 if you be desirous to read    
them4 ,one commodity above the rest     
which are melancholy1 these windy       
flatuous have1 lucidia intervalla1 their
 symptoms and pains are not usually so  
continuate as the rest1 but come by     
fits1 fear and sorrow1 and the rest3 yet
 in another they exceed all others2 and 
that is1 #bfdbthey are luxurious1       
incontinent1 and prone to venery1 by    

reason of wind1 et facile amant1 et     
quamlibet fere amant4 7,jason           
,pratensis7 #bfdc,rhasis is of opinion1 
that ,venus doth many of them much good2
 the other symptoms of the mind be      
common with the rest4  ,,subsect4       
,,iii4--,symptoms of ,melancholy        
abounding in the whole body4  ,their    
bodies that are affected with this      
universal melancholy are most part      
black1 #bfddthe melancholy juice is     
redundant all over1 hirsute they are1   
and lean1 they have broad veins1 their  
blood is gross and thick #bfde ,their   
spleen is weak1 and a liver apt to      
engender the humour2 they have kept bad 
diet1 or have had some evacuation       
stopped1 as haemorrhoids1 or months in  
women1 which #bfdf,trallianus1 in the   
cure1 would have carefully to be        
inquired1 and withal to observe of what 
complexion the party is of1 black or    
red4 ,for as ,forrestus and ,hollerius  
contend1 if #bfdgthey be black1 it      
proceeds from abundance of natural      

melancholy2 if it proceed from cares1   
agony1 discontents1 diet1 exercise1 c41 
they may be as well of any other colour3
 red1 yellow1 pale1 as black1 and yet   
their whole blood corrupt3 praerubri    
colore saepe sunt tales1 saepe flavi1   
7saith #bfdh ,montaltus cap4 #bb47 ,the 
best way to discern this species1 is to 
let them bleed1 if the blood be corrupt1
 thick and black1 and they withal free  
from those hypochondriacal symptoms1 and
 not so grievously troubled with them1  
or those of the head1 it argues they are
 melancholy1 a toto corpore4 ,the fumes 
which arise from this corrupt blood1    
disturb the mind1 and make them fearful 
and sorrowful1 heavy hearted1 as the    
rest1 dejected1 discontented1 solitary1 
silent1 weary of their lives1 dull and  
heavy1 or merry1 c41 and if far gone1   
that which ,apuleius wished to his      
enemy1 by way of imprecation1 is true in
 them2 #bfdi;,dead men's bones1         
hobgoblins1 ghosts are ever in their    
minds1 and meet them still in every     

turn3 all the bugbears of the night1 and
 terrors1 fairy-babes of tombs1 and     
graves are before their eyes1 and in    
their thoughts1 as to women and         
children1 if they be in the dark alone4 
,if they hear1 or read1 or see any      
tragical object1 it sticks by them1 they
 are afraid of death1 and yet weary of  
their lives1 in their discontented      
humours they quarrel with all the world1
 bitterly inveigh1 tax satirically1 and 
because they cannot otherwise vent their
 passions or redress what is amiss1 as  
they mean1 they will by violent death at
 last be revenged on themselves4        
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,symptoms of ,maids1  
,nuns1 and ,widows' ,melancholy4        
,because ,lodovicus ,mercatus in his    
second book de mulier4 affect4 cap4 #d4 
and ,rodericus a ,castro de morb4       
mulier4 cap4 #c4 lib4 #b4 two famous    
physicians in ,spain1 ,daniel ,sennertus
 of ,wittenberg lib4 #a4 part #b4 cap4  
#ac4 with others1 have vouchsafed in    
their works not long since published1 to

 write two just treatises de            
,melancholia virginum1 ,monialium et    
,viduarum1 as a particular species of   
melancholy 7which ,i have already       
specified7 distinct from the rest2      
#bfej7;for it much differs from that    
which commonly befalls men and other    
women1 as having one only cause proper  
to women alone7 ,i may not omit in this 
general survey of melancholy symptoms1  
to set down the particular signs of such
 parties so misaffected4 ,the causes are
 assigned out of ,hippocrates1          
,cleopatra1 ,moschion1 and those old    
,gynaeciorum ,scriptores1 of this feral 
malady1 in more ancient maids1 widows1  
and barren women1 ob septum transversum 
violatum1 saith ,mercatus1 by reason of 
the midriff or ,diaphragma1 heart and   
brain offended with those vicious       
vapours which come from menstruous      
blood1 inflammationem arteriae circa    
dorsum1 ,rodericus adds1 an inflammation
 of the back1 which with the rest is    
offended by #bfeathat fuliginous        

exhalation of corrupt seed1 troubling   
the brain1 heart and mind2 the brain1 ,i
 say1 not in essence1 but by consent1   
,universa enim hujus affectus causa ab  
utero pendet1 et a sanguinis menstrui   
malitia1 for in a word1 the whole malady
 proceeds from that inflammation1       
putridity1 black smoky vapours1 c41 from
 thence comes care1 sorrow1 and anxiety1
 obfuscation of spirits1 agony1         
desperation1 and the like1 which are    
intended or remitted2 si amatorius      
accesserit ardor1 or any other violent  
object or perturbation of mind4 ,this   
melancholy may happen to widows1 with   
much care and sorrow1 as frequently it  
doth1 by reason of a sudden alteration  
of their accustomed course of life1 c4  
,to such as lie in childbed ob          
suppressam purgationem2 but to nuns and 
more ancient maids1 and some barren     
women for the causes abovesaid1 'tis    
more familiar1 crebrius his quam        
reliquis accidit1 inquit ,rodericus1 the
 rest are not altogether excluded4 ,out 

of these causes ,rodericus defines it   
with ,areteus1 to be angorem animi1 a   
vexation of the mind1 a sudden sorrow   
from a small1 light1 or no occasion1    
#bfebwith a kind of still dotage and    
grief of some part or other1 head1      
heart1 breasts1 sides1 back1 belly1 c41 
with much solitariness1 weeping1        
distraction1 c41 from which they are    
sometimes suddenly delivered1 because it
 comes and goes by fits1 and is not so  
permanent as other melancholy4 ,but to  
leave this brief description1 the most  
ordinary symptoms be these1 pulsatio    
juxta dorsum1 a beating about the back1 
which is almost perpetual1 the skin is  
many times rough1 squalid1 especially1  
as ,areteus observes1 about the arms1   
knees1 and knuckles4 ,the midriff and   
heart-strings do burn and beat very     
fearfully1 and when this vapour or fume 
is stirred1 flieth upward1 the heart    
itself beats1 is sore grieved1 and      
faints1 fauces siccitate praecluduntur1 
ut difficulter possit ab uteri          

strangulatione decerni1 like fits of the
 mother1 ,alvus plerisque nil reddit1   
aliis exiguum1 acre1 biliosum1 lotium   
flavum4 ,they complain many times1 saith
 ,mercatus1 of a great pain in their    
heads1 about their hearts1 and          
hypochondries1 and so likewise in their 
breasts1 which are often sore1 sometimes
 ready to swoon1 their faces are        
inflamed1 and red1 they are dry1        
thirsty1 suddenly hot1 much troubled    
with wind1 cannot sleep1 c4 ,and from   
hence proceed ferina deliramenta1 a     
brutish kind of dotage1 troublesome     
sleep1 terrible dreams in the night1    
subrusticus pudor et verecundia ignava1 
a foolish kind of bashfulness to some1  
perverse conceits and opinions1         
#bfec;dejection of mind1 much           
discontent1 preposterous judgment4 ,they
 are apt to loath1 dislike1 disdain1 to 
be weary of every object1 c41 each thing
 almost is tedious to them1 they pine   
away1 void of counsel1 apt to weep1 and 
tremble1 timorous1 fearful1 sad1 and out

 of all hope of better fortunes4 ,they  
take delight in nothing for the time1   
but love to be alone and solitary1      
though that do them more harm3 and thus 
they are affected so long as this vapour
 lasteth2 but by-and-by1 as pleasant and
 merry as ever they were in their lives1
 they sing1 discourse1 and laugh in any 
good company1 upon all occasions1 and so
 by fits it takes them now and then1    
except the malady be inveterate1 and    
then 'tis more frequent1 vehement1 and  
continuate4 ,many of them cannot tell   
how to express themselves in words1 or  
how it holds them1 what ails them1 you  
cannot understand them1 or well tell    
what to make of their sayings2 so far   
gone sometimes1 so stupefied and        
distracted1 they think themselves       
bewitched1 they are in despair1 aptae ad
 fletum1 desperationem1 dolores mammis  
et hypocondriis4 ,mercatus therefore    
adds1 now their breasts1 now their      
hypochondries1 belly and sides1 then    
their heart and head aches1 now heat1   

then wind1 now this1 now that offends1  
they are weary of all2 #bfed;and yet    
will not1 cannot again tell how1 where  
or what offends them1 though they be in 
great pain1 agony1 and frequently       
complain1 grieving1 sighing1 weeping1   
and discontented still1 sine causa      
manifesta1 most part1 yet ,i say they   
will complain1 grudge1 lament1 and not  
be persuaded1 but that they are troubled
 with an evil spirit1 which is frequent 
in ,germany1 saith ,rodericus1 amongst  
the common sort3 and to such as are most
 grievously affected1 7for he makes     
three degrees of this disease in women17
 they are in despair1 surely forespoken 
or bewitched1 and in extremity of their 
dotage1 7weary of their lives17 some of 
them will attempt to make away          
themselves4 ,some think they see        
visions1 confer with spirits and devils1
 they shall surely be damned1 are afraid
 of some treachery1 imminent danger1 and
 the like1 they will not speak1 make    
answer to any question1 but are almost  

distracted1 mad1 or stupid for the time1
 and by fits3 and thus it holds them1 as
 they are more or less affected1 and as 
the inner humour is intended or         
remitted1 or by outward objects and     
perturbations aggravated1 solitariness1 
idleness1 c4 ,many other maladies there 
are incident to young women1 out of that
 one and only cause above specified1    
many feral diseases4 ,i will not so much
 as mention their names1 melancholy     
alone is the subject of my present      
discourse1 from which ,i will not       
swerve4 ,the several cures of this      
infirmity1 concerning diet1 which must  
be very sparing1 phlebotomy1 physic1    
internal1 external remedies1 are at     
large in great variety in #bfee         
,rodericus a ,castro1 ,sennertus1 and   
,mercatus1 which whoso will1 as occasion
 serves1 may make use of4 ,but the best 
and surest remedy of all1 is to see them
 well placed1 and married to good       
husbands in due time1 hinc illae1       
lachrymae1 that is the primary cause1   

and this the ready cure1 to give them   
content to their desires4 ,i write not  
this to patronise any wanton1 idle      
flirt1 lascivious or light housewives1  
which are too forward many times1       
unruly1 and apt to cast away themselves 
on him that comes next1 without all     
care1 counsel1 circumspection1 and      
judgment4 ,if religion1 good discipline1
 honest education1 wholesome            
exhortation1 fair promises1 fame and    
loss of good name cannot inhibit and    
deter such1 7which to chaste and sober  
maids cannot choose but avail much17    
labour and exercise1 strict diet1 rigour
 and threats may more opportunely be    
used1 and are able of themselves to     
qualify and divert an ill-disposed      
temperament4 ,for seldom should you see 
an hired servant1 a poor handmaid1      
though ancient1 that is kept hard to her
 work1 and bodily labour1 a coarse      
country wench troubled in this kind1 but
 noble virgins1 nice gentlewomen1 such  
as are solitary and idle1 live at ease1 

lead a life out of action and           
employment1 that fare well1 in great    
houses and jovial companies1            
ill-disposed peradventure of themselves1
 and not willing to make any resistance1
 discontented otherwise1 of weak        
judgment1 able bodies1 and subject to   
passions1 7grandiores virgines1 saith   
,mercatus1 steriles et viduae plerumque 
melancholicae17 such for the most part  
are misaffected1 and prone to this      
disease4 ,i do not so much pity them    
that may otherwise be eased1 but those  
alone that out of a strong temperament1 
innate constitution1 are violently      
carried away with this torrent of inward
 humours1 and though very modest of     
themselves1 sober1 religious1 virtuous1 
and well given1 7as many so distressed  
maids are17 yet cannot make resistance1 
these grievances will appear1 this      
malady will take place1 and now         
manifestly show itself1 and may not     
otherwise be helped4 ,but where am ,i8  
,into what subject have ,i rushed8 ,what

 have ,i to do with nuns1 maids1        
virgins1 widows8 ,i am a bachelor       
myself1 and lead a monastic life in a   
college1 nae ego sane ineptus qui haec  
dixerim17 ,i confess 'tis an indecorum1 
and as ,pallas a virgin blushed1 when   
,jupiter by chance spake of love matters
 in her presence1 and turned away her   
face2 me reprimam though my subject     
necessarily require it1 ,i will say no  
more4 ,and yet ,i must and will say     
something more1 add a word or two in    
gratiam virginum et viduarum1 in favour 
of all such distressed parties1 in      
commiseration of their present estate4  
,and as ,i cannot choose but condole    
their mishap that labour of this        
infirmity1 and are destitute of help in 
this case1 so must ,i needs inveigh     
against them that are in fault1 more    
than manifest causes1 and as bitterly   
tax those tyrannising pseudopoliticians1
 superstitious orders1 rash vows1       
hard-hearted parents1 guardians1        
unnatural friends1 allies1 7call them   

how you will17 those careless and stupid
 overseers1 that out of worldly         
respects1 covetousness1 supine          
negligence1 their own private ends 7cum 
sibi sit interim bene7 can so severely  
reject1 stubbornly neglect1 and         
impiously contemn1 without all remorse  
and pity1 the tears1 sighs1 groans1 and 
grievous miseries of such poor souls    
committed to their charge4 ,how odious  
and abominable are those superstitious  
and rash vows of ,popish monasteries1 so
 to bind and enforce men and women to   
vow virginity1 to lead a single life1   
against the laws of nature1 opposite to 
religion1 policy1 and humanity1 so to   
starve1 to offer violence1 to suppress  
the vigour of youth1 by rigorous        
statutes1 severe laws1 vain persuasions1
 to debar them of that to which by their
 innate temperature they are so         
furiously inclined1 urgently carried1   
and sometimes precipitated1 even        
irresistibly led1 to the prejudice of   
their soul's health1 and good estate of 

body and mind3 and all for base and     
private respects1 to maintain their     
gross superstition1 to enrich themselves
 and their territories as they falsely  
suppose1 by hindering some marriages1   
that the world be not full of beggars1  
and their parishes pestered with        
orphans2 stupid politicians2 haeccine   
fieri flagilia8 ought these things so to
 be carried8 better marry than burn1    
saith the ,apostle1 but they are        
otherwise persuaded4 ,they will by all  
means quench their neighbour's house if 
it be on fire1 but that fire of lust    
which breaks out into such lamentable   
flames1 they will not take notice of1   
their own bowels oftentimes1 flesh and  
blood shall so rage and burn1 and they  
will not see it3 miserum est1 saith     
,austin1 seipsum non miserescere1 and   
they are miserable in the meantime that 
cannot pity themselves1 the common good 
of all1 and per consequens their own    
estates4 ,for let them but consider what
 fearful maladies1 feral diseases1 gross

 inconveniences1 come to both sexes by  
this enforced temperance1 it troubles me
 to think of1 much more to relate those 
frequent abortions and murdering of     
infants in their nunneries 7read        
#bfef,kemnitius and others71 and        
notorious fornications1 those           
,spintrias1 ,tribadas1 ,ambubeias1 c41  
those rapes1 incests1 adulteries1       
mastuprations1 sodomies1 buggeries of   
monks and friars4 ,see ,bale's          
visitation of abbeys1 #bfeg,mercurialis1
 ,rodericus a ,castro1 ,peter ,forestus1
 and divers physicians2 ,i know their   
ordinary apologies and excuses for these
 things1 sed viderint ,politici1        
,medici1 ,theologi1 ,i shall more       
opportunely meet with them              
#bfeh;elsewhere4 #bfei;,illius viduae1  
aut patronum ,virginis hujus1 ,ne me    
forte putes1 verbum non amplius addam4  
,,memb4 ,,iii4  ,immediate cause of     
these precedent ,symptoms4  ,to give    
some satisfaction to melancholy men that
 are troubled with these symptoms1 a    

better means in my judgment cannot be   
taken1 than to show them the causes     
whence they proceed2 not from devils as 
they suppose1 or that they are bewitched
 or forsaken of ,god1 hear or see1 c4 as
 many of them think1 but from natural   
and inward causes1 that so knowing them1
 they may better avoid the effects1 or  
at least endure them with more patience4
 ,the most grievous and common symptoms 
are fear and sorrow1 and that without a 
cause to the wisest and discreetest men1
 in this malady not to be avoided4 ,the 
reason why they are so1 ,aetius         
discusseth at large1 ,tetrabib4 #b4 #b4 
in his first problem out of ,galen1 lib4
 #b4 de causis sympt4 #a4 ,for ,galen   
imputeth all to the cold that is black1 
and thinks that the spirits being       
darkened1 and the substance of the brain
 cloudy and dark1 all the objects       
thereof appear terrible1 and the        
#bffjmind itself1 by those dark1        
obscure1 gross fumes1 ascending from    
black humours1 is in continual darkness1

 fear1 and sorrow2 divers terrible      
monstrous fictions in a thousand shapes 
and apparitions occur1 with violent     
passions1 by which the brain and fantasy
 are troubled and eclipsed4             
#bffa;,fracastorius1 lib4 #b4 de        
intellect1 will have cold to be the     
cause of fear and sorrow2 for such as   
are cold are ill-disposed to mirth1     
dull1 and heavy1 by nature solitary1    
silent2 and not for any inward darkness 
7as physicians think7 for many          
melancholy men dare boldly be1 continue1
 and walk in the dark1 and delight in   
it3 solum frigidi timidi3 if they be    
hot1 they are merry2 and the more hot1  
the more furious1 and void of fear1 as  
we see in madmen2 but this reason holds 
not1 for then no melancholy1 proceeding 
from choler adust1 should fear4         
#bffb;,averroes scoffs at ,galen for his
 reasons1 and brings five arguments to  
repel them3 so doth ,herc4 de ,saxonia1 
,tract4 de ,melanch4 cap4 #c4 assigning 
other causes1 which are copiously       

censured and confuted by ,aelianus      
,montaltus1 cap4 #e and #f4 ,lod4       
,mercatus de ,inter4 morb4 cur4 lib4 #a4
 cap4 #ag4 ,altomarus1 cap4 #g4 de mel4 
,guianerius1 tract4 #ae4 c4 #a4 ,bright 
cap4 #cg4 ,laurentius1 cap4 #e4         
,valesius1 med4 cont4 lib4 #e1 con4 #a4 
#bffc;,distemperature1 they conclude1   
makes black juice1 blackness obscures   
the spirits1 the spirits obscured1 cause
 fear and sorrow4 ,laurentius1 cap4 #ac4
 supposeth these black fumes offend     
specially the diaphragma or midriff1 and
 so per consequens the mind1 which is   
obscured as #bffdthe sun by a cloud4 ,to
 this opinion of ,galen1 almost all the 
,greeks and ,arabians subscribe1 the    
,latins new and old1 internae1 tenebrae 
offuscant animum1 ut externae nocent    
pueris1 as children are affrighted in   
the dark1 so are melancholy men at all  
times1 #bffe;as having the inward cause 
with them1 and still carrying it about4 
,which black vapours1 whether they      
proceed from the black blood about the  

heart1 as ,t4 ,w4 ,jes4 thinks in his   
treatise of the passions of the mind1 or
 stomach1 spleen1 midriff1 or all the   
misaffected parts together1 it boots    
not1 they keep the mind in a perpetual  
dungeon1 and oppress it with continual  
fears1 anxieties1 sorrows1 c4 ,it is an 
ordinary thing for such as are sound to 
laugh at this dejected pusillanimity1   
and those other symptoms of melancholy1 
to make themselves merry with them1 and 
to wonder at such1 as toys and trifles1 
which may be resisted and withstood1 if 
they will themselves3 but let him that  
so wonders1 consider with himself1 that 
if a man should tell him on a sudden1   
some of his especial friends were dead1 
could he choose but grieve8 ,or set him 
upon a steep rock1 where he should be in
 danger to be precipitated1 could he be 
secure8 ,his heart would tremble for    
fear1 and his head be giddy4 ,p4        
,byaras1 ,tract4 de pest4 gives instance
 7as ,i have said7 #bfff;and put case   
7saith he7 in one that walks upon a     

plank1 if it lie on the ground1 he can  
safely do it3 but if the same plank be  
laid over some deep water1 instead of a 
bridge1 he is vehemently moved1 and 'tis
 nothing but his imagination1 forma     
cadendi impressa1 to which his other    
members and faculties obey4 ,yea1 but   
you infer1 that such men have a just    
cause to fear1 a true object of fear2 so
 have melancholy men an inward cause1 a 
perpetual fume and darkness1 causing    
fear1 grief1 suspicion1 which they carry
 with them1 an object which cannot be   
removed2 but sticks as close1 and is as 
inseparable as a shadow to a body1 and  
who can expel or overrun his shadow8    
,remove heat of the liver1 a cold       
stomach1 weak spleen3 remove those adust
 humours and vapours arising from them1 
black blood from the heart1 all outward 
perturbations1 take away the cause1 and 
then bid them not grieve nor fear1 or be
 heavy1 dull1 lumpish1 otherwise counsel
 can do little good2 you may as well bid
 him that is sick of an ague not to be a

 dry2 or him that is wounded not to feel
 pain4 ,suspicion follows fear and      
sorrow at heels1 arising out of the same
 fountain1 so thinks                    
#bffg;,fracastorius1 that fear is the   
cause of suspicion1 and still they      
suspect some treachery1 or some secret  
machination to be framed against them1  
still they distrust4 ,restlessness      
proceeds from the same spring1 variety  
of fumes make them like and dislike4    
,solitariness1 avoiding of light1 that  
they are weary of their lives1 hate the 
world1 arise from the same causes1 for  
their spirits and humours are opposite  
to light1 fear makes them avoid company1
 and absent themselves1 lest they should
 be misused1 hissed at1 or overshoot    
themselves1 which still they suspect4   
,they are prone to venery by reason of  
wind4 ,angry1 waspish1 and fretting     
still1 out of abundance of choler1 which
 causeth fearful dreams and violent     
perturbations to them1 both sleeping and
 waking3 ,that they suppose they have no

 heads1 fly1 sink1 they are pots1       
glasses1 c4 is wind in their heads4     
#bffh;,herc4 de ,saxonia doth ascribe   
this to the several motions in the      
animal spirits1 their dilation1         
contraction1 confusion1 alteration1     
tenebrosity1 hot or cold distemperature1
 excluding all material humours4        
#bffi;,fracastorius accounts it a thing 
worthy of inquisition1 why they should  
entertain such false conceits1 as that  
they have horns1 great noses1 that they 
are birds1 beasts1 c41 why they should  
think themselves kings1 lords1          
cardinals4 ,for the first1 #bfgj        
,fracastorius gives two reasons3 ,one is
 the disposition of the body2 the other1
 the occasion of the fantasy1 as if     
their eyes be purblind1 their ears sing1
 by reason of some cold and rheum1 c4   
,to the second1 ,laurentius answers1 the
 imagination inwardly or outwardly      
moved1 represents to the understanding1 
not enticements only1 to favour the     
passion or dislike1 but a very intensive

 pleasure follows the passion or        
displeasure1 and the will and reason are
 captivated by delighting in it4 ,why   
students and lovers are so often        
melancholy and mad1 the philosopher of  
#bfga;,conimbra assigns this reason1    
because by a vehement and continual     
meditation of that wherewith they are   
affected1 they fetch up the spirits into
 the brain1 and with the heat brought   
with them1 they incend it beyond        
measure3 and the cells of the inner     
senses dissolve their temperature1 which
 being dissolved1 they cannot perform   
their offices as they ought4 ,why       
melancholy men are witty1 which         
,aristotle hath long since maintained in
 his problems2 and that #bfgb;all       
learned men1 famous philosophers1 and   
lawgivers1 ad unum fere omnes           
melancholici1 have still been           
melancholy1 is a problem much           
controverted4 ,jason ,pratensis will    
have it understood of natural           
melancholy1 which opinion ,melancthon   

inclines to1 in his book de ,anima1 and 
,marcilius ,ficinus de san4 tuend4 lib4 
#a4 cap4 #e4 but not simple1 for that   
makes men stupid1 heavy1 dull1 being    
cold and dry1 fearful1 fools1 and       
solitary1 but mixed with the other      
humours1 phlegm only excepted2 and they 
not adust1 #bfgc;but so mixed as that   
blood he half1 with little or no        
adustion1 that they be neither too hot  
nor too cold4 ,aponensis1 cited by      
,melancthon1 thinks it proceeds from    
melancholy adust1 excluding all natural 
melancholy as too cold4 ,laurentius     
condemns his tenet1 because adustion of 
humours makes men mad1 as lime burns    
when water is cast on it4 ,it must be   
mixed with blood1 and somewhat adust1   
and so that old aphorism of ,aristotle  
may be verified1 ,nullum magnum ingenium
 sine mixtura dementiae1 no excellent   
wit without a mixture of madness4       
,fracastorius shall decide the          
controversy1 #bfgdphlegmatic are dull3  
sanguine lively1 pleasant1 acceptable1  

and merry1 but not witty2 choleric are  
too swift in motion1 and furious1       
impatient of contemplation1 deceitful   
wits3 melancholy men have the most      
excellent wits1 but not all2 this humour
 may be hot or cold1 thick1 or thin2 if 
too hot1 they are furious and mad3 if   
too cold1 dull1 stupid1 timorous1 and   
sad3 if temperate1 excellent1 rather    
inclining to that extreme of heat1 than 
cold4 ,this sentence of his will agree  
with that of ,heraclitus1 a dry light   
makes a wise mind1 temperate heat and   
dryness are the chief causes of a good  
wit2 therefore1 saith ,aelian1 an       
elephant is the wisest of all brute     
beasts1 because his brain is driest1 et 
ob atrae1 bilis capiam3 this reason     
,cardan approves1 subtil4 l4 #ab4 ,jo4  
,baptista ,silvaticus1 a physician of   
,milan1 in his first controversy1 hath  
copiously handled this question3        
,rulandus in his problems1 ,caelius     
,rhodiginus1 lib4 #ag4 ,valleriola #fto4
 narrat4 med4 ,herc4 de ,saxonia1       

,tract4 posth4 de mel4 cap4 #c4         
,lodovicus ,mercatus1 de inter4 morb4   
cur4 lib4 cap4 #ag4 ,baptista ,porta1   
,physiog4 lib4 #a4 c4 #ac4 and many     
others4 ,weeping1 sighing1 laughing1    
itching1 trembling1 sweating1 blushing1 
hearing and seeing strange noises1      
visions1 wind1 crudity1 are motions of  
the body1 depending upon these precedent
 motions of the mind3 neither are tears1
 affections1 but actions 7as ,scaliger  
holds7 #bfgethe voice of such as are    
afraid1 trembles1 because the heart is  
shaken 7,conimb4 prob4 #f4 sec4 #c4 de  
som47 why they stutter or falter in     
their speech1 ,mercurialis and          
,montaltus1 cap4 #ag4 give like reasons 
out of ,hippocrates1 #bfgf;dryness1     
which makes the nerves of the tongue    
torpid4 ,fast speaking 7which is a      
symptom of some few7 ,aetius will have  
caused #bfgg from abundance of wind1 and
 swiftness of imagination3              
#bfgh;baldness comes from excess of     
dryness1 hirsuteness from a dry         

temperature4 ,the cause of much waking  
in a dry brain1 continual meditation1   
discontent1 fears and cares1 that suffer
 not the mind to be at rest1            
incontinency is from wind1 and a hot    
liver1 ,montanus1 cons4 #bf4 ,rumbling  
in the guts is caused from wind1 and    
wind from ill concoction1 weakness of   
natural heat1 or a distempered heat and 
cold2 #bfgi,palpitation of the heart    
from vapours1 heaviness and aching from 
the same cause4 ,that the belly is hard1
 wind is a cause1 and of that leaping in
 many parts4 ,redness of the face1 and  
itching1 as if they were flea-bitten1 or
 stung with pismires1 from a sharp      
subtle wind4 #bfhj;,cold sweat from     
vapours arising from the hypochondries1 
which pitch upon the skin2 leanness for 
want of good nourishment4 ,why their    
appetite is so great1 #bfha;,aetius     
answers3 ,os ventris frigescit1 cold in 
those inner parts1 cold belly1 and hot  
liver1 causeth crudity1 and intention   
proceeds from perturbations1 #bfhbour   

souls for want of spirits cannot attend 
exactly to so many intentive operations1
 being exhaust1 and overswayed by       
passion1 she cannot consider the reasons
 which may dissuade her from such       
affections4 #bfhc;,bashfulness and      
blushing1 is a passion proper to men    
alone1 and is not only caused for       
#bfhdsome shame and ignominy1 or that   
they are guilty unto themselves of some 
foul fact committed1 but as             
#bfhe;,fracastorius well determines1 ob 
defectum proprium1 et timorem1 from     
fear1 and a conceit of our defects2 the 
face labours and is troubled at his     
presence that sees our defects1 and     
nature willing to help1 sends thither   
heat1 heat draws the subtlest blood1 and
 so we blush4 ,they that are bold1      
arrogant1 and careless1 seldom or never 
blush1 but such as are fearful4         
,anthonius ,lodovicus1 in his book de   
pudore1 will have this subtle blood to  
arise in the face1 not so much for the  
reverence of our betters in presence1   

#bfhf;but for joy and pleasure1 or if   
anything at unawares shall pass from us1
 a sudden accident1 occurse1 or meeting3
 7which ,disarius in #bfhg ,macrobius   
confirms7 any object heard or seen1 for 
blind men never blush1 as ,dandinus     
observes1 the night and darkness make   
men impudent4 ,or that we be staid      
before our betters1 or in company we    
like not1 or if anything molest and     
offend us1 erubescentia turns to rubor1 
blushing to a continuate redness4       
#bfhh,sometimes the extremity of the    
ears tingle1 and are red1 sometimes the 
whole face1 ,etsi nihil vitiosum        
commiseris1 as ,lodovicus holds3 though 
,aristotle is of opinion1 omnis pudor ex
 vitio commisso1 all shame for some     
offence4 ,but we find otherwise1 it may 
as well proceed #bfhi;from fear1 from   
force and inexperience1 7so             
#bfij;,dandinus holds7 as vice2 a hot   
liver1 saith ,duretus 7notis in         
,hollerium37 from a hot brain1 from     
wind1 the lungs heated1 or after        

drinking of wine1 strong drink1         
perturbations1 c4 ,laughter what it is1 
saith #bfia,tully1 how caused1 where1   
and so suddenly breaks out1 that        
desirous to stay it1 we cannot1 how it  
comes to possess and stir our face1     
veins1 eyes1 countenance1 mouth1 sides1 
let ,democritus determine4 ,the cause   
that it often affects melancholy men so 
much1 is given by ,gomesius1 lib4 #c4 de
 sale genial4 cap4 #ah4 abundance of    
pleasant vapours1 which1 in sanguine    
melancholy especially1 break from the   
heart1 #bfib;and tickle the midriff1    
because it is transverse and full of    
nerves3 by which titillation the sense  
being moved1 and arteries distended1 or 
pulled1 the spirits from thence move and
 possess the sides1 veins1 countenance1 
eyes4 ,see more in ,jossius de risu et  
fletu1 ,vives #c de ,anima4 ,tears1 as  
,scaliger defines1 proceed from grief   
and pity1 #bficor from the heating of a 
moist brain1 for a dry cannot weep4     
,that they see and hear so many         

phantasms1 chimeras1 noises1 visions1 c4
 as ,fienus hath discoursed at large in 
his book of imagination1 and #bfid      
,lavater de spectris1 part4 #a4 cap4 #b4
 #c4 #d4 their corrupt phantasy makes   
them see and hear that which indeed is  
neither heard nor seen1 ,qui multum     
jejunant1 aut noctes ducunt insomnes1   
they that much fast1 or want sleep1 as  
melancholy or sick men commonly do1 see 
visions1 or such as are weak-sighted1   
very timorous by nature1 mad1           
distracted1 or earnestly seek4 ,sabini  
quod volunt somniant1 as the saying is1 
they dream of that they desire4 ,like   
,sarmiento the ,spaniard1 who when he   
was sent to discover the straits of     
,magellan1 and confine places1 by the   
,prorex of ,peru1 standing on the top of
 a hill1 ,amaenissimam planitiem        
despicere sibi visus fuit1 aedificia    
magnifica1 quamplurimos ,pagos1 alias   
,turres1 splendida ,templa1 and brave   
cities1 built like ours in ,europe1 not1
 saith mine #bfie;author1 that there was

 any such thing1 but that he was        
vanissimus et nimis credulus1 and would 
fain have had it so4 ,or as #bfif,lod4  
,mercatus proves1 by reason of inward   
vapours1 and humours from blood1 choler1
 c4 diversely mixed1 they apprehend and 
see outwardly1 as they suppose1 divers  
images1 which indeed are not4 ,as they  
that drink wine think all runs round1   
when it is in their own brain2 so is it 
with these men1 the fault and cause is  
inward1 as ,galen affirms1 #bfigmad men 
and such as are near death1 quas extra  
se videre putant ,imagines1 intra oculos
 habent1 'tis in their brain1 which     
seems to be before them2 the brain as a 
concave glass reflects solid bodies4    
,senes etiam decrepiti cerebrum habent  
concavum et aridum1 ut imaginentur se   
videre 7saith #bfih;,boissardus7 quae   
non sunt1 old men are too frequently    
mistaken and dote in like case3 or as he
 that looketh through a piece of red    
glass1 judgeth everything he sees to be 
red2 corrupt vapours mounting from the  

body to the head1 and distilling again  
from thence to the eyes1 when they have 
mingled themselves with the watery      
crystal which receiveth the shadows of  
things to be seen1 make all things      
appear of the same colour1 which remains
 in the humour that overspreads our     
sight1 as to melancholy men all is      
black1 to phlegmatic all white1 c4 ,or  
else as before the organs corrupt by a  
corrupt phantasy1 as ,lemnius1 lib4 #a4 
cap4 #af4 well quotes1 #bfii;cause a    
great agitation of spirits1 and humours1
 which wander to and fro in all the     
creeks of the brain1 and cause such     
apparitions before their eyes4 ,one     
thinks he reads something written in the
 moon1 as ,pythagoras is said to have   
done of old1 another smells brimstone1  
hears ,cerberus bark3 ,orestes now mad  
supposed he saw the furies tormenting   
him1 and his mother still ready to run  
upon him1 #bgjj,o mater obsecro noli me 
persequi ,his furiis1 aspectu anguineis1
 horribilibus1 ,ecce ecce me invadunt1  

in me jam ruunt2  but ,electra told him 
thus raving in his mad fit1 he saw no   
such sights at all1 it was but his      
crazed imagination4 #bgja,quiesce1      
quiesce miser in linteis tuis1 ,non     
cernis etenim quae videre te putas4  ,so
 ,pentheus 7in ,bacchis ,euripidis7 saw 
two suns1 two ,thebes1 his brain alone  
was troubled4 ,sickness is an ordinary  
cause of such sights4 ,cardan1 subtil4  
#h4 ,mens aegra laboribus et jejuniis   
fracta1 facit eos videre1 audire1 c4    
,and1 ,osiander beheld strange visions1 
and ,alexander ab ,alexandro both1 in   
their sickness1 which he relates de     
rerum varietat4 lib4 #h4 cap4 #dd4      
,albategnius that noble ,arabian1 on his
 death-bed1 saw a ship ascending and    
descending1 which ,fracastorius records 
of his friend ,baptista ,tirrianus4     
,weak sight and a vain persuasion       
withal1 may effect as much1 and second  
causes concurring1 as an oar in water   
makes a refraction1 and seems bigger1   
bended double1 c4 ,the thickness of the 

air may cause such effects1 or any      
object not well-discerned in the dark1  
fear and phantasy will suspect to be a  
ghost1 a devil1 c4 #bgjb,quod nimis     
miseri timent1 hoc facile credunt1 we   
are apt to believe1 and mistake in such 
cases4 ,marcellus ,donatus1 lib4 #b4    
cap4 #a4 brings in a story out of       
,aristotle1 of one ,antepharon which    
likely saw1 wheresoever he was1 his own 
image in the air1 as in a glass4        
,vitellio1 lib4 #aj4 perspect4 hath such
 another instance of a familiar         
acquaintance of his1 that after the want
 of three or four nights sleep1 as he   
was riding by a river side1 saw another 
riding with him1 and using all such     
gestures as he did1 but when more light 
appeared1 it vanished4 ,eremites and    
anchorites have frequently such absurd  
visions1 revelations by reason of much  
fasting1 and bad diet1 many are deceived
 by legerdemain1 as ,scot hath well     
showed in his book of the discovery of  
witchcraft1 and ,cardan1 subtil4 #ah4   

suffites1 perfumes1 suffumigations1     
mixed candles1 perspective glasses1 and 
such natural causes1 make men look as if
 they were dead1 or with horse-heads1   
bull's-horns1 and such like brutish     
shapes1 the room full of snakes1 adders1
 dark1 light1 green1 red1 of all        
colours1 as you may perceive in         
,baptista ,porta1 ,alexis1 ,albertus1   
and others1 glow-worms1 fire-drakes1    
meteors1 ,ignis fatuus1 which ,plinius1 
lib4 #b4 cap4 #cg4 calls ,castor and    
,pollux1 with many such that appear in  
moorish grounds1 about churchyards1     
moist valleys1 or where battles have    
been fought1 the causes of which read in
 ,goclenius1 ,velouris1 ,fickius1 c4    
such fears are often done1 to frighten  
children with squibs1 rotten wood1 c4 to
 make folks look as if they were dead1  
#bgjcsolito majores1 bigger1 lesser1    
fairer1 fouler1 ut astantes sine        
capitibus videantur2 aut toti igniti1   
aut forma daemonum1 accipe pilos canis  
nigri1 c4 saith ,albertus2 and so 'tis  

ordinary to see strange uncouth sights  
by catoptrics3 who knows not that if in 
a dark room1 the light be admitted at   
one only little hole1 and a paper or    
glass put upon it1 the sun shining1 will
 represent on the opposite wall all such
 objects as are illuminated by his rays8
 with concave and cylinder glasses1 we  
may reflect any shape of men1 devils1   
antics1 7as magicians most part do1 to  
gull a silly spectator in a dark room71 
we will ourselves1 and that hanging in  
the air1 when 'tis nothing but such an  
horrible image as #bgjd;,agrippa        
demonstrates1 placed in another room4   
,roger ,bacon of old is said to have    
represented his own image walking in the
 air by this art1 though no such thing  
appear in his perspectives4 ,but most   
part it is in the brain that deceives   
them1 although ,i may not deny1 but that
 oftentimes the devil deludes them1     
takes his opportunity to suggest1 and   
represent vain objects to melancholy    
men1 and such as are ill affected4 ,to  

these you may add the knavish impostures
 of jugglers1 exorcists1 mass-priests1  
and mountebanks1 of whom ,roger ,bacon  
speaks1 c4 de miraculis naturae et      
artis4 cap4 #a4 #bgjethey can           
counterfeit the voices of all birds and 
brute beasts almost1 all tones and tunes
 of men1 and speak within their throats1
 as if they spoke afar off1 that they   
make their auditors believe they hear   
spirits1 and are thence much astonished 
and affrighted with it4 ,besides1 those 
artificial devices to overhear their    
confessions1 like that whispering place 
of ,gloucester #bgjfwith us1 or like the
 duke's place at ,mantua in ,italy1     
where the sound is reverberated by a    
concave wall2 a reason of which         
,blancanus in his ,echometria gives1 and
 mathematically demonstrates4 ,so that  
the hearing is as frequently deluded as 
the sight1 from the same causes almost1 
as he that hears bells1 will make them  
sound what he list4 ,as the fool        
thinketh1 so the bell clinketh4         

,theophilus in ,galen thought he heard  
music1 from vapours which made his ears 
sound1 c4 ,some are deceived by echoes1 
some by roaring of waters1 or concaves  
and reverberation of air in the ground1 
hollow places and walls4 #bgjg;,at      
,cadurcum1 in ,aquitaine1 words and     
sentences are repeated by a strange echo
 to the full1 or whatsoever you shall   
play upon a musical instrument1 more    
distinctly and louder1 than they are    
spoken at first4 ,some echoes repeat a  
thing spoken seven times1 as at         
,olympus1 in ,macedonia1 as ,pliny      
relates1 lib4 #cf4 cap4 #ae4 ,some      
twelve times1 as at ,charenton1 a       
village near ,paris1 in ,france4 ,at    
,delphos1 in ,greece1 heretofore was a  
miraculous echo1 and so in many other   
places4 ,cardan1 subtil4 l4 #ah1 hath   
wonderful stories of such as have been  
deluded by these echoes4 ,blancanus the 
,jesuit1 in his ,echometria1 hath       
variety of examples1 and gives his      
reader full satisfaction of all such    

sounds by way of demonstration4         
#bgjh;,at ,barrey1 an isle in the       
,severn mouth1 they seem to hear a      
smith's forge2 so at ,lipari1 and those 
sulphureous isles1 and many such like1  
which ,olaus speaks of in the continent 
of ,scandia1 and those northern         
countries4 ,cardan de rerum var4 l4 #ae1
 c4 #hd1 mentioneth a woman1 that still 
supposed she heard the devil call her1  
and speaking to her1 she was a painter's
 wife in ,milan3 and many such illusions
 and voices1 which proceed most part    
from a corrupt imagination4 ,whence it  
comes to pass1 that they prophesy1 speak
 several languages1 talk of astronomy1  
and other unknown sciences to them 7of  
which they have been ever ignorant73    
#bgji;,i have in brief touched1 only    
this ,i will here add1 that ,arculanus1 
,bodin4 lib4 #c1 cap4 #f1 daemon4 and   
some others1 #bgaj hold as a manifest   
token that such persons are possessed   
with the devil2 so doth #bgaa;,hercules 
de ,saxonia1 and ,apponensis1 and fit   

only to be cured by a priest4 ,but      
#bgab;,guianerius1 #bgac,montaltus1     
,pomporiatius of ,padua1 and ,lemnius   
lib4 #b4 cap4 #b1 refer it wholly to the
 ill-disposition of the #bgad;humour1   
and that out of the authority of        
,aristotle prob4 #cj4 #a1 because such  
symptoms are cured by purging2 and as by
 the striking of a flint fire is        
enforced1 so by the vehement motion of  
spirits1 they do elicere voces          
inauditas1 compel strange speeches to be
 spoken3 another argument he hath from  
,plato's reminiscentia1 which all out as
 likely as that which #bgae,marsilius   
,ficinus speaks of his friend           
,pierleonus2 by a divine kind of        
infusion he understood the secrets of   
nature1 and tenets of ,grecian and      
barbarian philosophers1 before ever he  
heard of1 saw1 or read their works3 but 
in this ,i should rather hold with      
,avicenna and his associates1 that such 
symptoms proceed from evil spirits1     
which take all opportunities of humours 

decayed1 or otherwise to pervert the    
soul of man3 and besides1 the humour    
itself is balneum diaboli1 the devil's  
bath2 and as ,agrippa proves1 doth      
entice him to seize upon them4   ,,sect4
 ,,iv4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,prognostics of     
,melancholy4  ,prognostics1 or signs of 
things to come1 are either good or bad4 
,if this malady be not hereditary1 and  
taken at the beginning1 there is good   
hope of cure1 recens curationem non     
habet difficilem1 saith ,avicenna1 l4   
#c1 ,fen4 #a1 ,tract4 #d1 c4 #ah4 ,that 
which is with laughter1 of all others is
 most secure1 gentle1 and remiss1       
,hercules de ,saxonia4 #bgaf;,if that   
evacuation of haemorrhoids1 or varices1 
which they call the water between the   
skin1 shall happen to a melancholy man1 
his misery is ended1 ,hippocrates       
,aphor4 #f1 #aa4 ,galen l4 #f1 de morbis
 vulgar4 com4 #h1 confirms the same2 and
 to this aphorism of ,hippocrates1 all  
the ,arabians1 new and old ,latins      
subscribe2 ,montaltus c4 #be1 ,hercules 

de ,saxonia1 ,mercurialis1 ,vittorius   
,faventinus1 c4 ,skenkius1 l4 #a1       
observat4 med4 c4 de ,mania1 illustrates
 this aphorism1 with an example of one  
,daniel ,federer a coppersmith that was 
long melancholy1 and in the end mad     
about the #bgth year of his age1 these  
varices or water began to arise in his  
thighs1 and he was freed from his       
madness4 ,marius the ,roman was so      
cured1 some1 say1 though with great     
pain4 ,skenkius hath some other         
instances of women that have been helped
 by flowing of their mouths1 which      
before were stopped4 ,that the opening  
of the haemorrhoids will do as much for 
men1 all physicians jointly signify1 so 
they be voluntary1 some say1 and not by 
compulsion4 ,all melancholy are better  
after a quartan2 #bgag;,jobertus saith1 
scarce any man hath that ague twice2 but
 whether it free him from this malady1  
'tis a question2 for many physicians    
ascribe all long agues for especial     
causes1 and a quartan ague amongst the  

rest4 #bgah,rhasis cont4 lib4 #a1 tract4
 #i4 ,when melancholy gets out at the   
superficies of the skin1 or settles     
breaking out in scabs1 leprosy1 morphew1
 or is purged by stools1 or by the      
urine1 or that the spleen is enlarged1  
and those varices appear1 the disease is
 dissolved4 ,guianerius1 cap4 #e1 tract4
 #ae1 adds dropsy1 jaundice1 dysentery1 
leprosy1 as good signs1 to these scabs1 
morphews1 and breaking out1 and proves  
it out of the #fth of ,hippocrates'     
,aphorisms4 ,evil prognostics on the    
other part4 ,inveterata melancholia     
incurabilis1 if it be inveterate1 it is 
#bgai;incurable1 a common axiom1 aut    
difficulter curabilis as they say that  
make the best1 hardly cured4 ,this      
,galen witnesseth1 l4 #c1 de loc4       
affect4 cap4 #f1 #bgbj;be it in whom it 
will1 or from what cause soever1 it is  
ever long1 wayward1 tedious1 and hard to
 be cured1 if once it be habituated4 ,as
 ,lucian said of the gout1 she was      
#bgbathe queen of diseases1 and         

inexorable1 may we say of melancholy4   
,yet ,paracelsus will have all diseases 
whatsoever curable1 and laughs at them  
which think otherwise1 as ,t4 ,erastus  
par4 #c1 objects to him2 although in    
another place1 hereditary diseases he   
accounts incurable1 and by no art to be 
removed4 #bgbb;,hildesheim spicel4 #b1  
de mel4 holds it less dangerous if only 
#bgbc;imagination be hurt1 and not      
reason1 #bgbdthe gentlest is from blood4
 ,worse from choler adust1 but the worst
 of all from melancholy putrefied4      
#bgbe;,bruel esteems hypochondriacal    
least dangerous1 and the other two      
species 7opposite to ,galen7 hardest to 
be cured4 #bgbf,the cure is hard in man1
 but much more difficult in women4 ,and 
both men and women must take notice of  
that saying of ,montanus consil4 #bcj1  
pro ,abate ,italo1 #bgbg,this malady    
doth commonly accompany them to their   
grave2 physicians may ease1 and it may  
lie hid for a time1 but they cannot     
quite cure it1 but it will return again 

more violent and sharp than at first1   
and that upon every small occasion or   
error3 as in ,mercury's weather-beaten  
statue1 that was once all over gilt1 the
 open parts were clean1 yet there was in
 fimbriis aurum1 in the chinks a remnant
 of gold3 there will be some relics of  
melancholy left in the purest bodies 7if
 once tainted7 not so easily to be      
rooted out4 #bgbh ,oftentimes it        
degenerates into epilepsy1 apoplexy1    
convulsions1 and blindness3 by the      
authority of ,hippocrates and ,galen1   
#bgbi;all aver1 if once it possess the  
ventricles of the brain1 ,frambesarius1 
and ,salust4 ,salvianus adds1 if it get 
into the optic nerves1 blindness4       
,mercurialis1 consil4 #bj1 had a woman  
to his patient1 that from melancholy    
became epileptic and blind4 #bgcj;,if it
 come from a cold cause1 or so continue 
cold1 or increase1 epilepsy2 convulsions
 follow1 and blindness1 or else in the  
end they are moped1 sottish1 and in all 
their actions1 speeches1 and gestures1  

ridiculous4 #bgca;,if it come from a hot
 cause1 they are more furious1 and      
boisterous1 and in conclusion mad4      
,calescentem melancholiam saepius       
sequitur mania4 #bgcb;,if it heat and   
increase1 that is the common event1     
#bgccper circuitus1 aut semper insanit1 
he is mad by fits1 or altogether4 ,for  
as #bgcd,sennertus contends out of      
,crato1 there is seminarius ignis in    
this humour1 the very seeds of fire4 ,if
 it come from melancholy natural adust1 
and in excess1 they are often           
demoniacal1 ,montanus4 #bgce,seldom this
 malady procures death1 except 7which is
 the greatest1 most grievous calamity1  
and the misery of all miseries17 they   
make away themselves1 which is a        
frequent thing1 and familiar amongst    
them4 ',tis #bgcf;,hippocrates'         
observation1 ,galen's sentence1 ,etsi   
mortem timent1 tamen plerumque sibi     
ipsis mortem consciscunt1 l4 #c4 de     
locis affec4 cap4 #g4 ,the doom of all  
physicians4 ',tis #bgcg,rabbi ,moses'   

,aphorism1 the prognosticon of          
,avicenna1 ,rhasis1 ,aetius1 ,gordonius1
 ,valescus1 ,altomarus1 ,salust4        
,salvianus1 ,capivaccius1 ,mercatus1    
,hercules de ,saxonia1 ,piso1 ,bruel1   
,fuchsius1 all1 c4 #bgch;,et saepe usque
 adeo mortis formidine vitae ,percipit  
infelix odium lucisque videndae1 ,ut    
sibi consciscat maerenti pectore lethum4
  ,and so far forth death's terror doth 
affright1 ,he makes away himself1 and   
hates the light ,to make an end of fear 
and grief of heart1 ,he voluntary dies  
to ease his smart4  ,in such sort doth  
the torture and extremity of his misery 
torment him1 that he can take no        
pleasure in his life1 but is in a manner
 enforced to offer violence unto        
himself1 to be freed from his present   
insufferable pains4 ,so some 7saith     
#bgci;,fracastorius7 in fury1 but most  
in despair1 sorrow1 fear1 and out of the
 anguish and vexation of their souls1   
offer violence to themselves3 for their 
life is unhappy and miserable4 ,they can

 take no rest in the night1 nor sleep1  
or if they do slumber1 fearful dreams   
astonish them4 ,in the daytime they are 
affrighted still by some terrible       
object1 and torn in pieces with         
suspicion1 fear1 sorrow1 discontents1   
cares1 shame1 anguish1 c4 as so many    
wild horses1 that they cannot be quiet  
an hour1 a minute of time1 but even     
against their wills they are intent1 and
 still thinking of it1 they cannot      
forget it1 it grinds their souls day and
 night1 they are perpetually tormented1 
a burden to themselves1 as ,job was1    
they can neither eat1 drink or sleep4   
,psal4 cvii4 #ah4 ,their soul abhorreth 
all meat1 and they are brought to       
death's door1 #bgdj;being bound in      
misery and iron3 they #bgda;curse their 
stars with ,job1 #bgdb;and day of their 
birth1 and wish for death3 for as       
,pineda and most interpreters hold1 ,job
 was even melancholy to despair1 and    
almost #bgdcmadness itself2 they murmur 
many times against the world1 friends1  

allies1 all mankind1 even against ,god  
himself in the bitterness of their      
passion1 #bgddvivere nolunt1 mori       
nesciunt1 live they will not1 die they  
cannot4 ,and in the midst of these      
squalid1 ugly1 and such irksome days1   
they seek at last1 finding no comfort1  
#bgdeno remedy in this wretched life1 to
 be eased of all by death4 ,omnia       
appetunt bonum1 all creatures seek the  
best1 and for their good as they hope1  
sub specie1 in show at least1 vel quia  
mori pulchrum putant 7saith             
#bgdf;,hippocrates7 vel quia putant inde
 se majoribus malis liberari1 to be     
freed as they wish4 ,though many times1 
as ,aesop's fishes1 they leap from the  
frying-pan into the fire itself1 yet    
they hope to be eased by this means3 and
 therefore 7saith ,felix #bgdg,platerus7
 after many tedious days at last1 either
 by drowning1 hanging1 or some such     
fearful end1 they precipitate or make   
away themselves3 many lamentable        
examples are daily seen amongst us3     

alius ante1 fores se laqueo suspendit   
7as ,seneca notes71 alius se            
praecipitavit a tecto1 ne dominum       
stomachantem audiret1 alius ne          
reduceretur a fuga ferrum redegit in    
viscera1 one hangs himself before his   
own door1--another throws himself from  
the house-top1 to avoid his master's    
anger1--a third1 to escape expulsion1   
plunges a dagger into his heart1--so    
many causes there are--,his amor exitio 
est1 furor his--love1 grief1 anger1     
madness1 and shame1 c4 ',tis a common   
calamity1 #bgdh;a fatal end to this     
disease1 they are condemned to a violent
 death1 by a jury of physicians1        
furiously disposed1 carried headlong by 
their tyrannising wills1 enforced by    
miseries1 and there remains no more to  
such persons1 if that heavenly          
,physician1 by his assisting grace and  
mercy alone do not prevent1 7for no     
human persuasion or art can help7 but to
 be their own butchers1 and execute     
themselves4 ,socrates his cicuta1       

,lucretia's dagger1 ,timon's halter1 are
 yet to be had2 ,cato's knife1 and      
,nero's sword are left behind them1 as  
so many fatal engines1 bequeathed to    
posterity1 and will be used to the      
world's end1 by such distressed souls3  
so intolerable1 insufferable1 grievous1 
and violent is their pain1 #bgdiso      
unspeakable and continuate4 ,one day of 
grief is an hundred years1 as ,cardan   
observes3 ',tis carnificina hominum1    
angor animi1 as well saith ,areteus1 a  
plague of the soul1 the cramp and       
convulsion of the soul1 an epitome of   
hell2 and if there be a hell upon earth1
 it is to be found in a melancholy man's
 heart4 ,for that deep torture may be   
call'd an hell1 ,when more is felt1 than
 one hath power to tell4  ,yea1 that    
which scoffing ,lucian said of the gout 
in jest1 ,i may truly affirm of         
melancholy in earnest4 #bgej,o triste   
nomen6 o diis odibile ,melancholia      
lacrymosa1 ,cocyti filia1 ,tu ,tartari  
specubus opacis edita ,erinnys1 utero   

quam ,megara suo tulit1 ,et ab uberibus 
aluit1 cuique parvidae ,amarulentum in  
os lac ,alecto dedit1 ,omnes            
abominabilem te daemones ,produxere in  
lucem1 exitio mortalium4 ,et paulo post 
,non ,jupiter ferit tale telum fulminis1
 ,non ulla sic procella saevit aequoris1
 ,non impetuosi tanta vis est turbinis4 
,an asperos sustineo morsus ,cerberi8   
,num virus ,echidnae membra mea         
depascitur8 ,aut tunica sanie tincta    
,nessi sanguinis8 ,illacrymabile et     
immedicabile malum hoc4  ,o sad and     
odious name6 a name so fell1 ,is this of
 melancholy1 brat of hell4 ,there born  
in hellish darkness doth it dwell1 ,the 
,furies brought it up1 ,megara's teat1  
,alecto gave it bitter milk to eat4 ,and
 all conspir'd a bane to mortal men1 ,to
 bring this devil out of that black den4
 ,jupiter's thunderbolt1 not storm at   
sea1 ,nor whirlwind doth our hearts so  
much dismay4 ,what8 am ,i bit by that   
fierce ,cerberus8 ,or stung by          
#bgeaserpent so pestiferous8 ,or put on 

shirt that's dipt in ,nessus' blood8 ,my
 pain's past cure2 physic can do no     
good4  ,no torture of body like unto it1
 ,siculi non invenere tyranni majus     
tormentum1 no strappadoes1 hot irons1   
,phalaris' bulls1 #bgeb,nec ira deum    
tantum1 nec tela1 nec hostis1 ,quantum  
sola noces animis illapsa4  ,jove's     
wrath1 nor devils can ,do so much harm  
to th' soul of man4  ,all fears1 griefs1
 suspicions1 discontents1 imbonites1    
insuavities are swallowed up1 and       
drowned in this ,euripus1 this ,irish   
sea1 this ocean of misery1 as so many   
small brooks2 'tis coagulum omnium      
aerumnarum3 which #bgec;,ammianus       
applied to his distressed ,palladins4 ,i
 say of our melancholy man1 he is the   
cream of human adversity1 the #bged     
quintessence1 and upshot2 all other     
diseases whatsoever1 are but            
flea-bitings to melancholy in extent3   
',tis the pith of them all1 #bgee       
,hospitium est calamitatis2 quid verbis 
opus est8 ,quamcunque malam rem quaeris1

 illic reperies3  ,what need more words8
 'tis calamities inn1 ,where seek for   
any mischief1 'tis within2  and a       
melancholy man is that true ,prometheus1
 which is bound to ,caucasus2 the true  
,titius1 whose bowels are still by a    
vulture devoured 7as poets feign7 for so
 doth #bgef,lilius ,geraldus interpret  
it1 of anxieties1 and those griping     
cares1 and so ought it to be understood4
 ,in all other maladies1 we seek for    
help1 if a leg or an arm ache1 through  
any distemperature or wound1 or that we 
have an ordinary disease1 above all     
things whatsoever1 we desire help and   
health1 a present recovery1 if by any   
means possible it may be procured2 we   
will freely part with all our other     
fortunes1 substance1 endure any misery1 
drink bitter potions1 swallow those     
distasteful pills1 suffer our joints to 
be seared1 to be cut off1 anything for  
future health3 so sweet1 so dear1 so    
precious above all other things in this 
world is life3 'tis that we chiefly     

desire1 long life and happy days1       
#bgegmultos da ,jupiter annos1 increase 
of years all men wish2 but to a         
melancholy man1 nothing so tedious1     
nothing so odious2 that which they so   
carefully seek to preserve #bgeh;he     
abhors1 he alone2 so intolerable are his
 pains2 some make a question1 graviores 
morbi corporis an animi1 whether the    
diseases of the body or mind be more    
grievous1 but there is no comparison1 no
 doubt to be made of it1 multo enim     
saevior longeque est atrocior animi1    
quam corporis cruciatus 7,lem4 l4 #a4 c4
 #ab47 the diseases of the mind are far 
more grievous4--,totum hic pro vulnere  
corpus1 body and soul is misaffected    
here1 but the soul especially4 ,so      
,cardan testifies de rerum var4 lib4 #h4
 #dj4 #bgei,maximus ,tyrius a           
,platonist1 and ,plutarch1 have made    
just volumes to prove it4 #bgfj;,dies   
adimit aegritudinem hominibus1 in other 
diseases there is some hope likely1 but 
these unhappy men are born to misery1   

past all hope of recovery1 incurably    
sick1 the longer they live the worse    
they are1 and death alone must ease     
them4 ,another doubt is made by some    
philosophers1 whether it be lawful for a
 man in such extremity of pain and      
grief1 to make away himself3 and how    
these men that so do are to be censured4
 ,the ,platonists approve of it1 that it
 is lawful in such cases1 and upon a    
necessity2 ,plotinus l4 de beatitud4 c4 
#g4 and ,socrates himself defends it1 in
 ,plato's ,phaedon1 if any man labour of
 an incurable disease1 he may despatch  
himself1 if it be to his good4 ,epicurus
 and his followers1 the cynics and      
stoics in general affirm it1 ,epictetus 
and #bgfa,seneca amongst the rest1      
quamcunque veram esse viam ad           
libertatem1 any way is allowable that   
leads to liberty1 #bgfblet us give ,god 
thanks1 that no man is compelled to live
 against his will2 #bgfc quid ad hominem
 claustra1 career1 custodia8 liberum    
ostium habet1 death is always ready and 

at hand4 ,vides illum praecipitem locum1
 illud flumen1 dost thou see that steep 
place1 that river1 that pit1 that tree1 
there's liberty at hand1 effugia        
servitutis et doloris sunt1 as that     
,laconian lad cast himself headlong 7non
 serviam aiebat puer7 to be freed of his
 misery3 every vein in thy body1 if     
these be nimis operosi exitus1 will set 
thee free1 quid tua refert finem facias 
an accipias8 there's no necessity for a 
man to live in misery4 ,malum est       
necessitati vivere2 sed in necessitate  
vivere1 necessitas nulla est4 ,ignavus  
qui sine causa moritur1 et stultus qui  
cum dolore vivit4 ,idem epi4 #eh4       
,wherefore hath our mother the earth    
brought out poisons1 saith #bgfd,pliny1 
in so great a quantity1 but that men in 
distress might make away themselves8    
which kings of old had ever in a        
readiness1 ad incerta fortunae venenum  
sub custode promptum1 ,livy writes1 and 
executioners always at hand4 ,speusippes
 being sick was met by ,diogenes1 and   

carried on his slaves' shoulders1 he    
made his moan to the philosopher2 but ,i
 pity thee not1 quoth ,diogenes1 qui cum
 talis vivere sustines1 thou mayst be   
freed when thou wilt1 meaning by death4 
#bgfe,seneca therefore commends ,cato1  
,dido1 and ,lucretia1 for their generous
 courage in so doing1 and others that   
voluntarily die1 to avoid a greater     
mischief1 to free themselves from       
misery1 to save their honour1 or        
vindicate their good name1 as ,cleopatra
 did1 as ,sophonisba1 ,syphax's wife    
did1 ,hannibal did1 as ,junius ,brutus1 
as ,vibius ,virus1 and those ,campanian 
senators in ,livy 7,dec4 #c4 lib4 #f47  
to escape the ,roman tyranny1 that      
poisoned themselves4 ,themistocles drank
 bull's blood1 rather than he would     
fight against his country1 and          
,demosthenes chose rather to drink      
poison1 ,publius ,crassi filius1        
,censorius and ,plancus1 those heroical 
,romans to make away themselves1 than to
 fall into their enemies' hands4 ,how   

many myriads besides in all ages might  
,i remember1 qui sibi lethum ,insontes  
pepperere manu1 c4 #bgff,rhasis in the  
,maccabees is magnified for it1         
,samson's death approved4 ,so did ,saul 
and ,jonas sin1 and many worthy men and 
women1 quorum memoria celebratur in     
,ecclesia1 saith #bgfg,leminchus1 for   
killing themselves to save their        
chastity and honour1 when ,rome was     
taken1 as ,austin instances1 l4 #a4 de  
,civit4 ,dei1 cap4 #af4 ,jerome         
vindicateth the same in ,ionam and      
,ambrose1 l4 #c4 de virginitate         
commendeth ,pelagia for so doing4       
,eusebius1 lib4 #h4 cap4 #ae4 admires a 
,roman matron for the same fact to save 
herself from the lust of ,maxentius the 
,tyrant4 ,adelhelmus1 abbot of          
,malmesbury1 calls them ,beatas virgines
 quae sic1 c4 ,titus ,pomponius         
,atticus1 that wise1 discreet1 renowned 
,roman senator1 ,tully's dear friend1   
when he had been long sick1 as he       
supposed1 of an incurable disease1      

vitamque produceret ad augendos dolores1
 sine spe salutis1 was resolved         
voluntarily by famine to despatch       
himself to be rid of his pain2 and when 
as ,agrippa1 and the rest of his weeping
 friends earnestly besought him1        
osculantes obsecrarent ne id quod natura
 cogeret1 ipse acceleraret1 not to offer
 violence to himself1 with a settled    
resolution he desired again they would  
approve of his good intent1 and not seek
 to dehort him from it3 and so          
constantly died1 precesque eorum        
taciturna sua obstinatione depressit4   
,even so did ,corellius ,rufus1 another 
grave senator1 by the relation of       
,plinius ,secundus1 epist4 lib4 #a4     
epist4 #ab4 famish himself to death2    
pedibus correptus cum incredibiles      
cruciatus et indignissima tormenta      
pateretur1 a cibis omnino abstinuit2    
#bgfhneither he nor ,hispilla his wife  
could divert him1 but destinatus mori   
obstinate magis1 c4 die he would1 and   
die he did4 ,so did ,lycurgus1          

,aristotle1 ,zeno1 ,chrysippus1         
,empedocles1 with myriads1 c4 ,in wars  
for a man to run rashly upon imminent   
danger1 and present death1 is accounted 
valour and magnanimity1 #bgfito be the  
cause of his own1 and many a thousand's 
ruin besides1 to commit wilful murder in
 a manner1 of himself and others1 is a  
glorious thing1 and he shall be crowned 
for it4 ,the #bggj ,massegatae in former
 times1 #bgga;,barbiccians1 and ,i know 
not what nations besides1 did stifle    
their old men1 after seventy years1 to  
free them from those grievances incident
 to that age4 ,so did the inhabitants of
 the island of ,choa1 because their air 
was pure and good1 and the people       
generally long lived1 antevertebant     
fatum suum1 priusquam manci forent1 aut 
imbecillitas accederet1 papavere vel    
cicuta1 with poppy or hemlock they      
prevented death4 ,sir ,thomas ,more in  
his ,utopia commends voluntary death1 if
 he be sibi aut aliis molestus1         
troublesome to himself or others1 7#bggb

 especially if to live be a torment to  
him17 let him free himself with his own 
hands from this tedious life1 as from a 
prison1 or suffer himself to be freed by
 others4 #bggc;,and 'tis the same tenet 
which ,laertius relates of ,zeno1 of    
old1 ,juste sapiens sibi mortem         
consciscit1 si in acerbis doloribus     
versetur1 membrorum mutilatione aut     
morbis aegre curandis1 and which ,plato 
#i4 de legibus approves1 if old age1    
poverty1 ignominy1 c4 oppress1 and which
 ,fabius expresseth in effect4          
7,praefat4 #g4 ,institut47 ,nemo nisi   
sua culpa diu dolet4 ,it is an ordinary 
thing in ,china1 7saith ,mat4 ,riccius  
the ,jesuit17 #bggd;if they be in       
despair of better fortunes1 or tired and
 tortured with misery1 to bereave       
themselves of life1 and many times1 to  
spite their enemies the more1 to hang at
 their door4 ,tacitus the historian1    
,plutarch the philosopher1 much approve 
a voluntary departure1 and ,aust4 de    
civ4 ,dei1 l4 #a4 c4 #bi4 defends a     

violent death1 so that it be undertaken 
in a good cause1 nemo sic mortuus1 qui  
non fuerat aliquando moriturus2 quid    
autem interest1 quo mortis genere vita  
ista finiatur1 quando ille cui finitur1 
iterum mori non cogitur8 c4 #bggeno man 
so voluntarily dies1 but volens nolens1 
he must die at last1 and our life is    
subject to innumerable casualties1 who  
knows when they may happen1 utrum satius
 est unam perpeti moriendo1 an omnes    
timere vivendo1 #bggf rather suffer one1
 than fear all4 ,death is better than a 
bitter life1 ,eccl4 xxx4 #ag4 #bggg;and 
a harder choice to live in fear1 than by
 once dying1 to be freed from all4      
,theombrotus ,ambraciotes persuaded ,i  
know not how many hundreds of his       
auditors1 by a luculent oration he made 
of the miseries of this1 and happiness  
of that other life1 to precipitate      
themselves4 ,and having read ,plato's   
divine tract de anima1 for example's    
sake led the way first4 ,that neat      
epigram of ,callimachus will tell you as

 much1  #bggh;,jamque vale ,soli cum    
diceret ,ambrociotes1 ,in ,stygios      
fertur desiluisse lacus1  ,morte nihil  
dignum passus3 sed forte ,platonis      
,divini eximum de nece legit opus4      
#bggi;,calenus and his ,indians hated of
 old to die a natural death3 the        
,circumcellians and ,donatists1 loathing
 life1 compelled others to make them    
away1 with many such3 #bghj;but these   
are false and pagan positions1 profane  
stoical paradoxes1 wicked examples1 it  
boots not what heathen philosophers     
determine in this kind1 they are        
impious1 abominable1 and upon a wrong   
ground4 ,no evil is to be done that good
 may come of it2 reclamat ,christus1    
reclamat ,scriptura1 ,god1 and all good 
men are #bgha;against it3 ,he that stabs
 another1 can kill his body2 but he that
 stabs himself1 kills his own soul4     
#bghb,male meretur1 qui dat mendico1    
quod edat2 nam et illud quod dat1 perit2
 et illi producit vitam ad miseriam3 he 
that gives a beggar an alms 7as that    

comical poet said7 doth ill1 because he 
doth but prolong his miseries4 ,but     
,lactantius l4 #f4 c4 #g4 de vero cultu1
 calls it a detestable opinion1 and     
fully confutes it1 lib4 #c4 de sap4 cap4
 #ah4 and ,s4 ,austin1 epist4 #eb4 ad   
,macedonium1 cap4 #fa4 ad ,dulcitium    
,tribunum3 so doth ,hierom to ,marcella 
of ,blesilla's death1 ,non recipio tales
 animas1 c41 he calls such men martyres 
stultae ,philosophiae3 so doth ,cyprian 
de duplici martyrio2 ,si qui sic        
moriantur1 aut infirmitas1 aut ambitio1 
aut dementia cogit eos2 'tis mere       
madness so to do1 #bghc;furore est ne   
moriare mori4 ,to this effect writes    
,arist4 #c4 ,ethic4 ,lipsius ,manuduc4  
ad ,stoicam ,philosophiaem lib4 #c4     
dissertat4 #bc4 but it needs no         
confutation4 ,this only let me add1 that
 in some cases1 those #bghd;hard        
censures of such as offer violence to   
their own persons1 or in some desperate 
fit to others1 which sometimes they do1 
by stabbing1 slashing1 c4 are to be     

mitigated1 as in such as are mad1 beside
 themselves for the time1 or found to   
have been long melancholy1 and that in  
extremity1 they know not what they do1  
deprived of reason1 judgment1 all1      
#bghe;as a ship that is void of a pilot1
 must needs impinge upon the next rock  
or sands1 and suffer shipwreck4 #bghf,p4
 ,forestus hath a story of two          
melancholy brethren1 that made away     
themselves1 and for so foul a fact1 were
 accordingly censured to be infamously  
buried1 as in such cases they use3 to   
terrify others1 as it did the ,milesian 
virgins of old2 but upon farther        
examination of their misery and madness1
 the censure was #bghgrevoked1 and they 
were solemnly interred1 as ,saul was by 
,david1 #b ,sam4 ii4 #d4 and ,seneca    
well adviseth1 ,irascere interfectori1  
sed miserere interfecti2 be justly      
offended with him as he was a murderer1 
but pity him now as a dead man4 ,thus of
 their goods and bodies we can dispose2 
but what shall become of their souls1   

,god alone can tell2 his mercy may come 
inter pontem et fontem1 inter gladium et
 jugulum1 betwixt the bridge and the    
brook1 the knife and the throat4 ,quod  
cuiquam contigit1 quivis potest3 ,who   
knows how he may be tempted8 ,it is his 
case1 it may be thine3 #bghh,quae sua   
sors hodie est1 eras fore vestra potest4
 ,we ought not to be so rash and        
rigorous in our censures1 as some are2  
charity will judge and hope the best3   
,god be merciful unto us all4   ,,the   
,,synopsis ,,of ,,the ,,second          
,,partition4  ,cure of melancholy is    
either  ,sect #a4 ,general to all1 which
 contains  ,unlawful means forbidden1   
,memb4 #a4 ,from the devil1 magicians1  
witches1 c41 by charms1 spells1         
incantations1 c4  ,quest4 #a4 ,whether  
they can cure this1 or other such like  
diseases8  ,quest4 #b4 ,whether1 if they
 can so cure1 it be lawful to seek to   
them for help8      or ,lawful means1   
which are  ,memb4 #b4 ,immediately from 
,god1 a ,jove principium by prayer c4   

,memb4 #c4 ,quest4 #a4 ,whether saints  
and their relics can help this          
infirmity8  ,quest4 #b4 ,whether it be  
lawful to sue to them for aid4    or    
,memb4 #d4 ,mediately by ,nature which  
concerns and works by  ,subsect4 #a4    
,physician1 in whom is required science1
 confidence1 honesty1 c4  ,subsect4 #b4 
,patient1 in whom is required obedience1
 constancy1 willingness1 patience1      
confidence1 bounty1 c41 not to practise 
on himself4  ,subsect4 #c4 ,physic1     
which consists of  ,dietetical          
,pharmaceutical   ,chirurgical          
or ,particular to the three distinct    
species1      ,sect4 #b4 ,dietetical1   
which consists in reforming those six   
non-natural things1 as in  ,diet        
rectified #a4 ,memb4  ,matter and       
quality #a ,subs4  ,such meats as are   
easy of digestion1 well-dressed1 hot1   
sod1 c41 young1 moist1 of good          
nourishment1 c4  ,bread of pure wheat1  
well-baked4  ,water clear from the      
fountain4  ,wine and drink not too      

strong1 c4  ,flesh  ,mountain birds1    
partridge1 pheasant1 quails1 c4 ,hen1   
capon1 mutton1 veal1 kid1 rabbit1 c4    
,fish  ,that live in gravelly waters1 as
 pike1 perch1 trout1 sea-fish1 solid1   
white1 c4    ,herbs  ,borage1 bugloss1  
balm1 succory1 endive1 violets1 in      
broth1 not raw1 c4   ,fruits and roots4 
,raisins of the sun1 apples corrected   
for wind1 oranges1 c41 parsnips1        
potatoes1 c4      or ,subs4 #b4         
,quantity4  ,at seasonable and unusual  
times of repast1 in good order1 not     
before the first be concocted1 sparing1 
not overmuch of one dish4      ,memb4   
#b4 ,rectification of retention and     
evacuation1 as costiveness1 venery1     
bleeding at nose1 months stopped1 baths1
 c4  ,memb4 #c4 ,air rectified1 with a  
digression of the air  ,naturally in the
 choice and site of our country1        
dwelling-place1 to be hot and moist1    
light1 wholesome1 pleasant c4           
,artificially1 by often change of air1  
avoiding winds1 fogs1 tempests1 opening 

windows1 perfumes1 c4    ,memb4 #d4     
,exercise  ,of body and mind1 but       
moderate1 as hawking1 hunting1 riding1  
shooting1 bowling1 fishing1 fowling1    
walking in fair fields1 galleries1      
tennis1 bar4  ,of mind1 as chess1 cards1
 tables c41 to see plays1 masks1 c41    
serious studies1 business1 all honest   
recreations4    ,memb4 #e4              
,rectification of waking and terrible   
dreams1 c4  ,memb4 #f4 ,rectification of
 passions and perturbations of the mind4
   ,memb4 #f4 ,passions and             
perturbations of the mind rectified4    
,from himself  ,subsect4 #a4 ,by using  
all good means of help1 confessing to a 
friend1 c4  ,avoiding all occasions of  
his infirmity4  ,not giving way to      
passions1 but resisting to his utmost4  
or from his friends4  ,subsect4 #b4 ,by 
fair and foul means1 counsel1 comfort1  
good persuasion1 witty devices1         
fictions1 and1 if it be possible1 to    
satisfy his mind4  ,subsect4 #c4 ,music 
of all sorts aptly applied4  ,subsect4  

#d4 ,mirth and merry company4 ,sect4 #c4
 ,a consolatory digression1 containing  
remedies to all discontents and passions
 of the mind4  ,memb4 #a4 ,general      
discontents and grievances satisfied4   
,memb4 #b4 ,particular discontents1 as  
deformity of body1 sickness1 baseness of
 birth1 c4  ,memb4 #c4 ,poverty and     
want1 such calamites and adversities4   
,memb4 #d4 ,against servitude1 loss of  
liberty1 imprisonment1 banishment1 c4   
,memb4 #e4 ,against vain fears1 sorrows 
for death of friends1 or otherwise4     
,memb4 #f4 ,against envy1 livor1 hatred1
 malice1 emulation1 ambition1 and       
self-love1 c4  ,memb4 #g4 ,against      
repulses1 abuses1 injuries1 contempts1  
disgraces1 contumelies1 slanders1 and   
scoffs1 c4  ,memb4 #h4 ,against all     
other grievous and ordinary symptoms of 
this disease of melancholy4       ,sect4
 #d4 ,pharmaceutics1 or ,physic which   
cureth with medicines1 with a digression
 of this kind of physic1 is either      
,memb4 #a4 ,subsect4 #a4  ,general to   

all  ,alterative  ,simples altering     
melancholy1 with a digression of exotic 
simples #b4 ,subs4  ,herbs4 #c4 ,subs4  
,to the heart2 borage1 bugloss1         
scorzonera1 c4  ,to the head2 balm1     
hops1 nenuphar1 c4  ,liver2 eupatory1   
artemisia1 c4  ,stomach2 wormwood1      
centaury1 pennyroyal4  ,spleen2         
ceterache1 ash1 tamarisk4  ,to ,purify  
the blood2 endive1 succory1 c4  ,against
 wind2 origan1 fennel1 aniseed1 c4      
#d4 ,subs ,precious stones2 as          
smaragdes1 chelidonies1 c4 ,minerals2   
or compounds altering melancholy1 with a
 digression of compounds4 #e4 ,subs4    
,inwardly taken  ,liquid  fluid  ,wines2
 as of hellebore1 bugloss1 tamarisk1 c4 
,syrups of borage1 bugloss1 hops1       
epithyme1 endive1 succory1 c4    or     
consisting4  ,conserves of violets1     
maidenhair1 borage1 bugloss1 roses1 c4  
,confections2 treacle1 mithridate1      
eclegms or linctures4      or solid1 as 
those aromatical confections4  hot      
,diambra1 dianthos4  ,diamargaritum     

calidum4  ,diamoscum dulce4             
,electuarium de gemmis4  ,laetificans   
,galeni et ,rhasis4    or cold          
,diamargaritum frigidum4  ,diarrhodon   
abbatis4  ,diacorolli1 diacodium with   
their tables4  ,condites of all sorts1  
c4        or ,outwardly used1 as  ,oils 
of camomile1 violets1 roses1 c4         
,ointments1 alablastritum1 populeum1 c4 
,liniments1 plasters1 cerotes1          
cataplasms1 frontals1 fomentations1     
epithymes1 sacks1 bags1 odoraments1     
posies1 c4        or ,purging     or    
,particular to three distinct species1  
4  ,medicines purging melancholy are    
either ,memb4 #b4  ,simples purging     
melancholy  #a4 ,subs4 ,upward1 as      
vomits  ,asrabecca1 laurel1 white       
hellebore1 scilla1 or sea-onion1        
antimony1 tobacco    or ,downward4 #b4  
,subs4  ,more gentle2 as senna1         
epithyme1 polypody1 mirobalanes1        
fumitory1 c4  ,stronger2 aloes1 lapis   
,armenus1 lapis lazuli1 black hellebore4
      or #c4 ,subs4 ,compounds purging  

melancholy  ,superior parts  ,mouth     
swallowed  ,liquid1 as potions1 juleps1 
syrups1 wine of hellebore1 bugloss1 c4  
,solid1 as lapis ,armenus1 and lazuli1  
pills of ,indie1 pills of fumitory1 c4  
,electuaries1 diasena1 confection of    
hamech1 hierologladium1 c4    or ,not   
swallowed1 as gargarisms1 masticatories1
 c4    or ,nostrils1 sneezing powders1  
odoraments1 perfumes1 c4    or ,inferior
 parts1 as clysters strong and weak1 and
 suppositories of ,castilian soap1 honey
 boiled1 c4     ,chirurgical physic1    
which consists of ,memb4 #c4            
,phlebotomy1 to all parts almost1 and   
all the distinct species4  ,with knife1 
horseleeches4  ,cupping-glasses4        
,cauteries1 and searing with hot irons1 
boring4  ,dropax and sinapismus4        
,issues to several parts1 and upon      
several occasions4   ,sect4 #e4 ,cure of
 head-melancholy4 ,memb4 #a4  #a4       
,subsect4 ,moderate diet1 meat of good  
juice1 moistening1 easy of digestion4   
,good air4  ,sleep more than ordinary4  

,excrements daily to be voided by art or
 nature4  ,exercise of body and mind not
 too violent1 or too remiss1 passions of
 the mind1 and perturbations to be      
avoided4  ,subsect4 #b4 ,bloodletting1  
if there be need1 or that the blood be  
corrupt1 in the arm1 forehead1 c41 or   
with cupping-glasses4  ,subsect4 #c4    
,preparatives and purgers4              
,preparatives2 as syrup of borage1      
bugloss1 epithyme1 hops1 with their     
distilled waters1 c4  ,purgers2 as      
,montanus1 and ,matthiolus              
helleborismus1 ,quercetanus1 syrup of   
hellebore1 extract of hellebore1 pulvis 
,hali1 antimony prepared1 ,rulandi aqua 
mirabilis2 which are used1 if gentler   
medicines will not take place1 with     
,arnoldus1 vinum buglossatum1 senna1    
cassia1 mirobalanes1 aurum potabile1 or 
before ,hamech1 ,pil4 ,indae1 ,hiera1   
,pil4 de lap4 ,armeno1 lazuli4          
,subsect4 #d4 ,averters4  ,cardan's     
nettles1 frictions1 clysters1           
suppositories1 sneezings1 masticatories1

 nasals1 cupping-glasses4  ,to open the 
haemorrhoids with horseleeches1 to apply
 horseleeches to the forehead without   
scarification1 to the shoulders1 thighs4
  ,issues1 boring1 cauteries1 hot irons 
in the suture of the crown4    ,subsect4
 #e4 ,cordials1 resolvers1 hinderers4   
,a cup of wine or strong drink4  ,bezars
 stone1 amber1 spice4  ,conserves of    
borage1 bugloss1 roses1 fumitory4       
,confection of ,alchermes4  ,electuarium
 laetificans ,galeni et ,rhasis1 c4     
,diamargaritum frig4 diaboraginatum1 c4 
,subsect4 #f4 ,correctors of accidents1 
as1  ,odoraments of roses1 violets4     
,irrigations of the head1 with the      
decoctions of nymphea1 lettuce1 mallows1
 c4  ,epithymes1 ointments1 bags to the 
heart4  ,fomentations of oil for the    
belly4  ,baths of sweet water1 in which 
were sod mallows1 violets1 roses1       
water-lilies1 borage flowers1 ramsheads1
 c4  ,to procure sleep1 and are         
,inwardly taken1  ,simples  ,poppy1     
nymphea1 lettuce1 roses1 purslane1      

henbane1 mandrake1 nightshade1 opium1 c4
    or ,compounds4  ,liquid1 as syrups  
of poppy1 verbasco1 violets1 roses4     
,solid1 as requies ,nicholai1           
,philonium1 ,romanum1 ,laudanum         
,paracelsi4      or ,outwardly used1 as 
,oil of nymphea1 poppy1 violets1 roses1 
mandrake1 nutmegs4  ,odoraments of      
vinegar1 rosewater1 opium4  ,frontals of
 rose-cake1 rose-vinegar1 nutmeg4       
,ointments1 alablastritum1 unguentum    
populeum1 simple or mixed with opium4   
,irrigations of the head1 feet1 sponges1
 music1 murmur and noise of waters4     
,frictions of the head and outward      
parts1 sacculi of henbane1 wormwood at  
his pillow1 c4      ,against terrible   
dreams2 not to sup late1 or eat peas1   
cabbage1 venison1 meats heavy of        
digestion1 use balm1 hart's-tongue1 c4  
,against ruddiness and blushing1 inward 
and outward remedies4     #b4 ,memb4    
,cure of melancholy over the body4      
,diet1 preparatives1 purges1 averters1  
cordials1 correctors1 as before4        

,phlebotomy in this kind more necessary1
 and more frequent4  ,to correct and    
cleanse the blood with fumitory1 senna1 
succory1 dandelion1 endive1 c4   ,cure  
of hypochondriacal or windy melancholy4 
#c4 ,memb4  ,subsect4 #a ,phlebotomy1 if
 need require4  ,diet1 preparatives1    
averters1 cordials1 purgers1 as before1 
saving that they must not be so         
vehement4  ,use of pennyroyal1 wormwood1
 centaury sod1 which alone hath cured   
many4  ,to provoke urine with aniseed1  
daucus1 asarum1 c41 and stools1 if need 
be1 by clysters and suppositories4  ,to 
respect the spleen1 stomach1 liver1     
hypochondries4  ,to use treacle now and 
then in winter4  ,to vomit after meals  
sometimes1 if it be inveterate4         
,subsect4 #b4 ,to expel wind4  ,inwardly
 ,taken1  ,simples1  ,roots1  ,galanga1 
gentian1 enula1 angelica1 calamus       
aromaticus1 zedoary1 china1 condite     
ginger1 c4    ,herbs1  ,pennyroyal1 rue1
 calamint1 bay leaves1 and berries1     
scordium1 bethany1 lavender1 camomile1  

centaury1 wormwood1 cumin1 broom1 orange
 pills4    ,spices1  ,saffron1 cinnamon1
 mace1 nutmeg1 pepper1 musk1 zedoary    
with wine1 c4    ,seeds1  ,aniseed1     
fennel-seed1 ammi1 cary1 cumin1 nettle1 
bays1 parsley1 grana paradisi4      or  
,compounds1 as  ,dianisum1 diagalanga1  
diaciminum1 diacalaminthes1 electuarium 
de baccis lauri1 benedicta laxativa1 c4 
pulvia carminativus1 and pulvis descrip4
 ,antidotario ,florentine1 aromaticum1  
rosatum1 ,mithridate4      or ,outwardly
 used1 as cupping-glasses to the        
hypochonries without scarification1 oil 
of camomile1 rue1 aniseed1 their        
decoctions1 c4     ,,the ,,second       
,,partition4  ,,the ,,cure ,,of         
,,melancholy4   ,,the ,,first ,,section1
 ,,member1 ,,subsection4  ,unlawful     
,cures rejected4  ,inveterate           
,melancholy1 howsoever it may seem to be
 a continuate1 inexorable disease1 hard 
to be cured1 accompanying them to their 
graves1 most part1 as #bghi,montanus    
observes1 yet many times it may be      

helped1 even that which is most violent1
 or at least1 according to the same     
#bgij;author1 it may be mitigated and   
much eased4 ,nil desperandum4 ,it may be
 hard to cure1 but not impossible for   
him that is most grievously affected1 if
 he but willing to be helped4 ,upon this
 good hope ,i will proceed1 using the   
same method in the cure1 which ,i have  
formerly used in the rehearsing of the  
causes2 first general1 then particular2 
and those according to their several    
species4 ,of these cures some be lawful1
 some again unlawful1 which though      
frequent1 familiar1 and often used1 yet 
justly censured1 and to be controverted4
 ,as first1 whether by these diabolical 
means1 which are commonly practised by  
the devil and his ministers1 sorcerers1 
witches1 magicians1 c41 by spells1      
cabilistical words1 charms1 characters1 
images1 amulets1 ligatures1 philters1   
incantations1 c41 this disease and the  
like may be cured8 and if they may1     
whether it be lawful to make use of     

them1 those magnetical cures1 or for our
 good to seek after such means in any   
case8 ,the first1 whether they can do   
any such cures1 is questioned amongst   
many writers1 some affirming1 some      
denying4 ,valesius1 cont4 med4 lib4 #e4 
cap4 #f4 ,malleus ,maleficar1 ,heurnius1
 lib4 #c4 pract4 med4 cap4 #bh4 ,caelius
 lib4 #af4 c4 #af4 ,delrio ,tom4 #c4    
,wierus lib4 #b4 de praestig4 daem4     
,libanius ,lavater de spect4 part4 #b4  
cap4 #g4 ,holbrenner the ,lutheran in   
,pistorium1 ,polydore ,virg4 l4 #a4 de  
prodig4 ,tandlerus1 ,lemnius1           
7,hippocrates and ,avicenna amongst the 
rest7 deny that spirits or devils have  
any power over us1 and refer all with   
,pomponatius of ,padua to natural causes
 and humours4 ,of the other opinion are 
,bodinus ,daemonamantiae1 lib4 #c1 cap4 
#b4 ,arnoldus1 ,marcellus ,empyricus1   
,i4 ,pistorius1 ,paracelsus ,apodix4    
,magic4 ,agrippa lib4 #b4 de occult4    
,philos4 cap4 #cf4 #fi4 #ga4 #gb4 et l4 
#c1 c4 #bc1 et #aj4 ,marcilius ,ficinus 

de vit4 coelit4 compar4 cap4 #ac4 #ae4  
#ah4 #ba4 c4 ,galeottus de promiscua    
doct4 cap4 #bd4 ,jovianus ,pontanus     
,tom4 #b4 ,plin4 lib4 #bh1 c4 #b4       
,strabo1 lib4 #ae4 ,geog4 ,leo ,suavius3
 ,goclenius de ung4 armar4 ,oswoldus    
,crollius1 ,ernestus ,burgravius1 ,dr4  
,flud1 c4 ,cardan de subt4 brings many  
proofs out of ,ars ,notoria1 and        
,solomon's decayed works1 old ,hermes1  
,artefius1 ,costaben ,luca1 ,picatrix1  
c4 that such cures may be done4 ,they   
can make fire it shall not burn1 fetch  
back thieves or stolen goods1 show their
 absent faces in a glass1 make serpents 
lie still1 stanch blood1 salve gouts1   
epilepsies1 biting of mad dogs1         
toothache1 melancholy1 et omnia mundi   
mala1 make men immortal1 young again as 
the #bgia,spanish marquis is said to    
have done by one of his slaves1 and     
some1 which jugglers in #bgib;,china    
maintain still 7as ,tragaltius writes7  
that they can do by their extraordinary 
skill in physic1 and some of our modern 

chemists by their strange limbecks1 by  
their spells1 philosopher's stones and  
charms4 #bgic,many doubt1 saith         
,nicholas ,taurellus1 whether the devil 
can cure such diseases he hath not made1
 and some flatly deny it1 howsoever     
common experience confirms to our       
astonishment1 that magicians can work   
such feats1 and that the devil without  
impediment can penetrate through all the
 parts of our bodies1 and cure such     
maladies by means to us unknown4 ,daneus
 in his tract de ,sortiariis subscribes 
to this of ,taurellus2 ,erastus de      
lamiis1 maintaineth as much1 and so do  
most divines1 out of their excellent    
knowledge and long experience they can  
commit #bgid;agentes cum patientibus1   
colligere semina rerum1 eaque materiae  
applicare1 as ,austin infers de ,civ4   
,dei et de ,trinit4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #g4 et
 #h4 they can work stupendous and       
admirable conclusions2 we see the       
effects only1 but not the causes of     
them4 ,nothing so familiar as to hear of

 such cures4 ,sorcerers are too common2 
cunning men1 wizards1 and white-witches1
 as they call them1 in every village1   
which if they be sought unto1 will help 
almost all infirmities of body and mind1
 ,servatores in ,latin1 and they have   
commonly ,st4 ,catherine's wheel printed
 in the roof of their mouth1 or in some 
other part about them1 resistunt        
incantatorum praestigiis                
7#bgie;,boissardus writes7 morbos a     
sagis motos propulsant c41 that to doubt
 of it any longer1 #bgifor not to       
believe1 were to run into that other    
sceptical extreme of incredulity1 saith 
,taurellus4 ,leo ,suavius in his comment
 upon ,paracelsus seems to make it an   
art1 which ought to be approved2        
,pistorius and others stiffly maintain  
the use of charms1 words1 characters1 c4
 ,ars vera est1 sed pauci artifices     
reperiuntur2 the art is true1 but there 
be but a few that have skill in it4     
,marcellius ,donatus lib4 #b4 de hist1  
mir4 cap4 #a4 proves out of ,josephus'  

eight books of antiquities1 that        
#bgig,solomon so cured all the diseases 
of the mind by spells1 charms1 and drove
 away devils1 and that ,eleazer did as  
much before ,vespasian4 ,langius in his 
med4 epist4 holds ,jupiter ,menecrates1 
that did so many stupendous cures in his
 time1 to have used this art1 and that  
he was no other than a magician4 ,many  
famous cures are daily done in this     
kind1 the devil is an expert physician1 
as ,godelman calls him1 lib4 #a4 cap4   
#ah4 and ,god permits oftentimes these  
witches and magicians to produce such   
effects1 as ,lavater cap4 #c4 lib4 #h4  
part4 #c4 cap4 #a4 ,polid4 ,virg4 lib4  
#a4 de prodigiis1 ,delrio and others    
admit4 ,such cures may be done1 and as  
,paracels4 ,tom4 #d4 de morb4 ament4    
stiffly maintains1 #bgihthey cannot     
otherwise be cured but by spells1 seals1
 and spiritual physic4 #bgii;,arnoldus1 
lib4 de sigillis1 sets down the making  
of them1 so doth ,rulandus and many     
others4 ,hoc posito1 they can effect    

such cures1 the main question is1       
whether it be lawful in a desperate case
 to crave their help1 or ask a wizard's 
advice4 ',tis a common practice of some 
men to go first to a witch1 and then to 
a physician1 if one cannot the other    
shall1 ,flectere si nequeant superos    
,acheronta movebunt4 #bhjj;,it matters  
not1 saith ,paracelsus1 whether it be   
,god or the devil1 angels1 or unclean   
spirits cure him1 so that he be eased4  
,if a man fall into a ditch1 as he      
prosecutes it1 what matter is it whether
 a friend or an enemy help him out8 and 
if ,i be troubled with such a malady1   
what care ,i whether the devil himself1 
or any of his ministers by ,god's       
permission1 redeem me8 ,he calls a #bhja
 magician1 ,god's minister and his      
vicar1 applying that of vos estis dii   
profanely to them1 for which he is      
lashed by ,t4 ,erastus part4 #a4 fol4   
#de4 ,and elsewhere he encourageth his  
patients to have a good faith1 #bhjb a  
strong imagination1 and they shall find 

the effects3 let divines say to the     
contrary what they will4 ,he proves and 
contends that many diseases cannot      
otherwise be cured4 ,incantatione orti  
incantatione curari debent2 if they be  
caused by incantation1 #bhjcthey must be
 cured by incantation4 ,constantinus    
lib4 #d4 approves of such remedies3     
,bartolus the lawyer1 ,peter ,aerodius  
rerum ,judic4 lib4 #c4 tit4 #g4         
,salicetus ,godefridus1 with others of  
that sect1 allow of them2 modo sint ad  
sanitatem quae a magis fiunt1 secus non1
 so they be for the parties good1 or not
 at all4 ,but these men are confuted by 
,remigius1 ,bodinus1 daem4 lib4 #c4 cap 
#b4 ,godelmanus lib4 #a4 cap4 #h1       
,wierus1 ,delrio lib4 #f4 quaest4 #b4   
tom4 #c4 mag4 inquis4 ,erastus de       
,lamiis2 all our #bhjd;divines1         
schoolmen1 and such as write cases of   
conscience are against it1 the scripture
 itself absolutely forbids it as a      
mortal sin1 ,levit4 cap4 xviii4 xix4 xx4
 ,deut4 xviii4 c4 ,rom4 viii4 #ai4 ,evil

 is not to be done1 that good may come  
of it4 ,much better it were for such    
patients that are so troubled1 to endure
 a little misery in this life1 than to  
hazard their souls' health for ever1 and
 as ,delrio counselleth1 #bhjemuch      
better die1 than be so cured4 ,some take
 upon them to expel devils by natural   
remedies1 and magical exorcisms1 which  
they seem to approve out of the practice
 of the primitive church1 as that above 
cited of ,josephus1 ,eleazer1 ,irenaeus1
 ,tertullian1 ,austin4 ,eusebius makes  
mention of such1 and magic itself hath  
been publicly professed in some         
universities1 as of old in ,salamanca in
 ,spain1 and ,krakow in ,poland3 but    
condemned anno #acah1 by the chancellor 
and university of #bhjf,paris4 ,our     
pontifical writers retain many of these 
adjurations and forms of exorcisms still
 in the church2 besides those in baptism
 used1 they exorcise meats1 and such as 
are possessed1 as they hold1 in         
,christ's name4 ,read ,hieron4 ,mengus  

cap4 #c4 ,pet4 ,tyreus1 part4 #c4 cap4  
#h4 ,what exorcisms they prescribe1     
besides those ordinary means of         
#bhjg;fire suffumigations1 lights1      
cutting the air with swords1 cap4 #eg4  
herbs1 odours3 of which ,tostatus       
treats1 #b4 ,reg4 cap4 #af4 quaest4 #dc1
 you shall find many vain and frivolous 
superstitious forms of exorcisms among  
them1 not to be tolerated1 or endured4  
,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,lawful ,cures1 first    
from ,god4  ,being so clearly evinced1  
as it is1 all unlawful cures are to be  
refused1 it remains to treat of such as 
are to be admitted1 and those are       
commonly such which ,god hath appointed1
 #bhjh;by virtue of stones1 herbs1      
plants1 meats1 and the like1 which are  
prepared and applied to our use1 by art 
and industry of physicians1 who are the 
dispensers of such treasures for our    
good1 and to be #bhji;honoured for      
necessities' sake1 ,god's intermediate  
ministers1 to whom in our infirmities we
 are to seek for help4 ,yet not so that 

we rely too much1 or wholly upon them3 a
 ,jove principium1 we must first begin  
with #bhajprayer1 and then use physic2  
not one without the other1 but both     
together4 ,to pray alone1 and reject    
ordinary means1 is to do like him in    
,aesop1 that when his cart was stalled1 
lay flat on his back1 and cried aloud   
help ,hercules1 but that was to little  
purpose1 except as his friend advised   
him1 rotis tute ipse annitaris1 he      
whipped his horses withal1 and put his  
shoulder to the wheel4 ,god works by    
means1 as ,christ cured the blind man   
with clay and spittle3 ,orandum est ut  
sit mens sana in corpore sano4 ,as we   
must pray for health of body and mind1  
so we must use our utmost endeavours to 
preserve and continue it4 ,some kind of 
devils are not cast out but by fasting  
and prayer1 and both necessarily        
required1 not one without the other4    
,for all the physic we can use1 art1    
excellent industry1 is to no purpose    
without calling upon ,god1 nil juvat    

immensos ,cratero promittere montes3 it 
is in vain to seek for help1 run1 ride1 
except ,god bless us4 #bhaa------non    
,siculi dapes ,dulcem elaborabunt       
saporem4 ,non animum cytheraeve cantus4 
#bhab,non domus et fundus1 non aeris    
acervus et auri ,aegroto possunt domino 
deducere febres4  #bhac,with house1 with
 land1 with money1 and with gold1 ,the  
master's fever will not be controll'd4  
,we must use our prayer and physic both 
together3 and so no doubt but our       
prayers will be available1 and our      
physic take effect4 ',tis that ,hezekiah
 practised1 #b ,king4 xx4 ,luke the     
,evangelist3 and which we are enjoined1 
,coloss4 iv4 not the patient only1 but  
the physician himself4 ,hippocrates1 a  
heathen1 required this in a good        
practitioner1 and so did ,galen1 lib4 de
 ,plat4 et ,hipp4 dog4 lib4 #i4 cap4    
#ae4 and in that tract of his1 an mores 
sequantur temp4 cor4 ca4 #aa44 'tis a   
rule which he doth inculcate1 #bhad and 
many others4 ,hyperius in his first book

 de sacr4 script4 lect4 speaking of that
 happiness and good success which all   
physicians desire and hope for in their 
cures1 #bhaetells them that it is not to
 be expected1 except with a true faith  
they call upon ,god1 and teach their    
patients to do the like4 ,the council of
 ,lateran1 ,canon #bb4 decreed they     
should do so3 the fathers of the church 
have still advised as much3 whatsoever  
thou takest in hand 7saith              
#bhaf;,gregory7 let ,god be of thy      
counsel1 consult with him2 that healeth 
those that are broken in heart1 7,psal4 
cxlvii4 #c47 and bindeth up their sores4
 ,otherwise as the prophet ,jeremiah1   
cap4 xlvi4 #aa4 denounced to ,egypt1 ,in
 vain shalt thou use many medicines1 for
 thou shalt have no health4 ,it is the  
same counsel which #bhag;,comineus that 
politic historiographer gives to all    
,christian princes1 upon occasion of    
that unhappy overthrow of ,charles ,duke
 of ,burgundy1 by means of which he was 
extremely melancholy1 and sick to death3

 insomuch that neither physic nor       
persuasion could do him any good1       
perceiving his preposterous error       
belike1 adviseth all great men in such  
cases1 #bhahto pray first to ,god with  
all submission and penitency1 to confess
 their sins1 and then to use physic4    
,the very same fault it was1 which the  
prophet reprehends in ,asa king of      
,judah1 that he relied more on physic   
than on ,god1 and by all means would    
have him to amend it4 ,and 'tis a fit   
caution to be observed of all other     
sorts of men4 ,the prophet ,david was so
 observant of this precept1 that in his 
greatest misery and vexation of mind1 he
 put this rule first in practice4 ,psal4
 lxxvii4 #c4 ,when ,i am in heaviness1  
,i will think on ,god4 ,psal4 lxxxvi4   
#d4 ,comfort the soul of thy servant1   
for unto thee ,i lift up my soul3 and   
verse #g4 ,in the day of trouble will ,i
 call upon thee1 for thou hearest me4   
,psal4 liv4 #a4 ,save me1 ,o ,god1 by   
thy name1 c4 ,psal4 lxxxii4 ,psal4 xx4  

,and 'tis the common practice of all    
good men1 ,psal4 cvii4 #ac4 when their  
heart was humbled with heaviness1 they  
cried to the ,lord in their troubles1   
and he delivered them from their        
distress4 ,and they have found good     
success in so doing1 as ,david          
confesseth1 ,psal4 xxx4 #ab4 ,thou hast 
turned my mourning into joy1 thou hast  
loosed my sackcloth1 and girded me with 
gladness4 ,therefore he adviseth all    
others to do the like1 ,psal4 xxxi4 #bd4
 ,all ye that trust in the ,lord1 be    
strong1 and he shall establish your     
heart4 ,it is reported by #bhai,suidas1 
speaking of ,hezekiah1 that there was a 
great book of old1 of ,king ,solomon's  
writing1 which contained medicines for  
all manner of diseases1 and lay open    
still as they came into the temple3 but 
,hezekiah king of ,jerusalem1 caused it 
to be taken away1 because it made the   
people secure1 to neglect their duty in 
calling and relying upon ,god1 out of a 
confidence on those remedies4           

#bhbj,minutius that worthy consul of    
,rome in an oration he made to his      
soldiers1 was much offended with them1  
and taxed their ignorance1 that in their
 misery called more on him than upon    
,god4 ,a general fault it is all over   
the world1 and ,minutius's speech       
concerns us all1 we rely more on physic1
 and seek oftener to physicians1 than to
 ,god himself4 ,as much faulty are they 
that prescribe1 as they that ask1       
respecting wholly their gain1 and       
trusting more to their ordinary receipts
 and medicines many times1 than to him  
that made them4 ,i would wish all       
patients in this behalf1 in the midst of
 their melancholy1 to remember that of  
,siracides1 ,ecc4 i4 #aa4 and #ab4 ,the 
fear of the ,lord is glory and gladness1
 and rejoicing4 ,the fear of the ,lord  
maketh a merry heart1 and giveth        
gladness1 and joy1 and long life3 and   
all such as prescribe physic1 to begin  
in nomine ,dei1 as #bhba,mesue did1 to  
imitate ,laelius a ,fonte ,eugubinus1   

that in all his consultations1 still    
concludes with a prayer for the good    
success of his business2 and to remember
 that of ,creto one of their            
predecessors1 fuge avaritiam1 et sine   
oratione et invocations ,dei nihil      
facias avoid covetousness1 and do       
nothing without invocation upon ,god4   
,,memb4 ,,iii4  ,whether it be lawful to
 seek to ,saints for ,aid in this       
,disease4  ,that we must pray to ,god1  
no man doubts2 but whether we should    
pray to saints in such cases1 or whether
 they can do us any good1 it may be     
lawfully controverted4 ,whether their   
images1 shrines1 relics1 consecrated    
things1 holy water1 medals1             
benedictions1 those divine amulets1 holy
 exorcisms1 and the sign of the cross1  
be available in this disease8 ,the      
papists on the one side stiffly maintain
 how many melancholy1 mad1 demoniacal   
persons are daily cured at ,st4         
,anthony's ,church in ,padua1 at ,st4   
,vitus' in ,germany1 by our ,lady of    

,loretto in ,italy1 our ,lady of ,sichem
 in the ,low ,countries3 #bhbb,quae et  
caecis lumen1 aegris salutem1 mortuis   
vitam1 claudis gressum reddit1 omnes    
morbos corporis1 animi1 curat1 et in    
ipsos daemones imperium exercet2 she    
cures halt1 lame1 blind1 all diseases of
 body and mind1 and commands the devil  
himself1 saith ,lipsius4 twenty-five    
thousand in a day come thither1         
#bhbcquis nisi numen in illum locum sic 
induxit2 who brought them8 in auribus1  
in oculis omnium gesta1 novae novitia2  
new news lately done1 our eyes and ears 
are full of her cures1 and who can      
relate them all8 ,they have a proper    
saint almost for every peculiar         
infirmity3 for poison1 gouts1 agues1    
,petronella3 ,st4 ,romanus for such as  
are possessed2 ,valentine for the       
falling sickness2 ,st4 ,vitus for       
madmen1 c4 and as of old #bhbd,pliny    
reckons up ,gods for all diseases1      
7,febri fanum dicalum est7 ,lilius      
,giraldus repeats many of her           

ceremonies3 all affections of the mind  
were heretofore accounted gods1         
#bhbelove1 and sorrow1 virtue1 honour1  
liberty1 contumely1 impudency1 had their
 temples1 tempests1 seasons1 ,crepitus  
,ventris1 dea ,vacuna1 dea ,cloacina1   
there was a goddess of idleness1 a      
goddess of the draught1 or jakes1       
,prema1 ,premunda1 ,priapus1 bawdy gods1
 and gods for all #bhbf offices4 ,varro 
reckons up #cj1jjj gods3 ,lucian makes  
,podagra the gout a goddess1 and assigns
 her priests and ministers3 and         
melancholy comes not behind2 for as     
,austin mentioneth1 lib4 #d4 de ,civit4 
,dei1 cap4 #i4 there was of old         
,angerona dea1 and she had her chapel   
and feasts1 to whom 7saith              
#bhbg,macrobius7 they did offer         
sacrifice yearly1 that she might be     
pacified as well as the rest4 ',tis no  
new thing1 you see this of papists2 and 
in my judgment1 that old doting ,lipsius
 might have fitter dedicated his        
#bhbhpen after all his labours1 to this 

our goddess of melancholy1 than to his  
,virgo ,halensis1 and been her chaplain1
 it would have become him better3 but   
he1 poor man1 thought no harm in that   
which he did1 and will not be persuaded 
but that he doth well1 he hath so many  
patrons1 and honourable precedents in   
the like kind1 that justify as much1 as 
eagerly1 and more than he there saith of
 his lady and mistress3 read but        
superstitious ,coster and ,gretser's    
,tract de ,cruce1 ,laur4 ,arcturus      
,fanteus de ,invoc4 ,sanct4 ,bellarmine1
 ,delrio dis4 mag4 tom4 #c4 l4 #f4      
quaest4 #b4 sect4 #c4 ,greg4 ,tolosanus 
tom4 #b4 lib4 #h4 cap4 #bd4 ,syntax4    
,strozius ,cicogna lib4 #d4 cap4 #i4    
,tyreus1 ,hieronymus ,mengus1 and you   
shall find infinite examples of cures   
done in this kind1 by holy waters1      
relics1 crosses1 exorcisms1 amulets1    
images1 consecrated beads1 c4 ,barradius
 the ,jesuit boldly gives it out1 that  
,christ's countenance1 and the ,virgin  
,mary's1 would cure melancholy1 if one  

had looked steadfastly on them4 ,p4     
,morales the ,spaniard in his book de   
pulch4 ,jes4 et ,mar4 confirms the same 
out of ,carthusianus1 and ,i know not   
whom1 that it was a common proverb in   
those days1 for such as were troubled in
 mind to say1 eamus ad videndum filium  
,mariae1 let us see the son of ,mary1 as
 they now do post to ,st4 ,anthony's in 
,padua1 or to ,st4 ,hilary's at         
,poitiers in ,france4 #bhbi ,in a closet
 of that church1 there is at this day   
,st4 ,hilary's bed to be seen1 to which 
they bring all the madmen in the        
country1 and after some prayers and     
other ceremonies1 they lay them down    
there to sleep1 and so they recover4 ,it
 is an ordinary thing in those parts1 to
 send all their madmen to ,st4 ,hilary's
 cradle4 ,they say the like of ,st4     
,tubery in #bhcj another place4         
,giraldus ,cambrensis ,itin4 ,camb4 c4  
#a4 tells strange stories of ,st4       
,ciricius' staff1 that would cure this  
and all other diseases4 ,others say as  

much 7as #bhca;,hospinian observes7 of  
the three kings of ,cologne2 their names
 written in parchment1 and hung about a 
patient's neck1 with the sign of the    
cross1 will produce like effects4 ,read 
,lippomanus1 or that golden legend of   
,jacobus de ,voragine1 you shall have   
infinite stories1 or those new relations
 of our #bhcb;,jesuits in ,japan and    
,china1 of ,mat4 ,riccius1 ,acosta1     
,loyola1 ,xaverius's life1 c4 ,jasper   
,belga1 a ,jesuit1 cured a mad woman by 
hanging ,st4 ,john's gospel about her   
neck1 and many such4 ,holy water did as 
much in ,japan1 c4 ,nothing so familiar 
in their works1 as such examples4 ,but  
we on the other side seek to ,god alone4
 ,we say with ,david1 ,psal4 xlvi4 #a4  
,god is our hope and strength1 and help 
in trouble1 ready to be found4 ,for     
their catalogue of examples1 we make no 
other answer1 but that they are false   
fictions1 or diabolical illusions1      
counterfeit miracles4 ,we cannot deny   
but that it is an ordinary thing on ,st4

 ,anthony's day in ,padua1 to bring     
diverse madmen and demoniacal persons to
 be cured3 yet we make a doubt whether  
such parties be so affected indeed1 but 
prepared by their priests1 by certain   
ointments and drams1 to cozen the       
commonalty1 as #bhcc ,hildesheim well   
saith2 the like is commonly practised in
 ,bohemia as ,mathiolus gives us to     
understand in his preface to his comment
 upon ,dioscorides4 ,but we need not run
 so far for examples in this kind1 we   
have a just volume published at home to 
this purpose4 #bhcd;,a declaration of   
egregious popish impostures1 to withdraw
 the hearts of religious men under the  
pretence of casting out of devils1      
practised by ,father ,edmunds1 alias    
,weston1 a ,jesuit1 and divers ,romish  
priests1 his wicked associates1 with the
 several parties' names1 confessions1   
examinations1 c4 which were pretended to
 be possessed4 ,but these are ordinary  
tricks only to get opinion and money1   
mere impostures4 ,aesculapius of old1   

that counterfeit ,god1 did as many      
famous cures2 his temple 7as            
#bhce,strabo relates7 was daily full of 
patients1 and as many several tables1   
inscriptions1 pendants1 donories1 c4 to 
be seen in his church1 as at this day   
our ,lady of ,loretto's in ,italy4 ,it  
was a custom long since1                
------suspendisse potenti ,vestimenta   
maris deo4#bhcf ,hor4 ,od4 #a4 lib4 #e4 
,od4  ,to do the like1 in former times  
they were seduced and deluded as they   
are now4 ',tis the same devil still1    
called heretofore ,apollo1 ,mars1       
,neptune1 ,venus1 ,aesculapius1 c4 as   
#bhcg,lactantius lib4 #b4 de orig4      
erroris1 c4 #ag4 observes4 ,the same    
,jupiter and those bad angels are now   
worshipped and adored by the name of    
,st4 ,sebastian1 ,barbara1 c4           
,christopher and ,george are come in    
their places4 ,our lady succeeds ,venus 
7as they use her in many offices71 the  
rest are otherwise supplied1 as         
#bhch,lavater writes1 and so they are   

deluded4 #bhci;,and ,god often winks at 
these impostures1 because they forsake  
his word1 and betake themselves to the  
devil1 as they do that seek after holy  
water1 crosses1 c4 ,wierus1 lib4 #d4    
cap4 #c4 ,what can these men plead for  
themselves more than those heathen gods1
 the same cures done by both1 the same  
spirit that seduceth2 but read more of  
the ,pagan god's effects in ,austin de  
,civitate ,dei1 l4 #aj4 cap4 #f4 and of 
,aesculapius especially in ,cicogna l4  
#c4 cap4 #h4 or put case they could     
help1 why should we rather seek to them1
 than to ,christ himself1 since that he 
so kindly invites us unto him1 ,come    
unto me all ye that are heavy laden1 and
 ,i will ease you1 ,mat4 xi4 and we know
 that there is one ,god1 one ,mediator  
between ,god and man1 ,jesus ,christ1   
7#a ,tim4 ii4 #e7 who gave himself a    
ransom for all men4 ,we know that we    
have an #bhdj advocate with the ,father1
 ,jesus ,christ 7#a ,joh4 ii4 #a47 that 
there is no other name under heaven1 by 

which we can be saved1 but by his1 who  
is always ready to hear us1 and sits at 
the right hand of ,god1 and from #bhda  
whom we can have no repulse1 solus vult1
 solus potest1 curat universos tanquam  
singulos1 et #bhdbunumquemque nostrum et
 solum1 we are all as one to him1 he    
cares for us all as one1 and why should 
we then seek to any other but to him4   
,,memb4 ,,iv4  ,,subsect4               
,i4--,physician1 ,patient1 ,physic4  ,of
 those diverse gifts which our apostle  
,paul saith ,god hath bestowed on man1  
this of physic is not the least1 but    
most necessary1 and especially conducing
 to the good of mankind4 ,next therefore
 to ,god in all our extremities 7for of 
the most high cometh healing1 ,ecclus4  
xxxviii4 #b47 we must seek to1 and rely 
upon the ,physician1 #bhdcwho is ,manus 
,dei1 saith ,hierophilus1 and to whom he
 hath given knowledge1 that he might be 
glorified in his wondrous works4 ,with  
such doth he heal men1 and take away    
their pains1 ,ecclus4 xxxviii4 #f4 #g4  

when thou hast need of him1 let him not 
go from thee4 ,the hour may come that   
their enterprises may have good success1
 ver4 #ac4 ,it is not therefore to be   
doubted1 that if we seek a physician as 
we ought1 we may be eased of our        
infirmities1 such a one ,i mean as is   
sufficient1 and worthily so called2 for 
there be many mountebanks1 quacksalvers1
 empirics1 in every street almost1 and  
in every village1 that take upon them   
this name1 make this noble and          
profitable art to be evil spoken of and 
contemned1 by reason of these base and  
illiterate artificers3 but such a       
physician ,i speak of1 as is approved1  
learned1 skilful1 honest1 c41 of whose  
duty ,wecker1 ,antid4 cap4 #b4 and      
,syntax4 med4 ,crato1 ,julius           
,alexandrinus medic4 ,heurnius prax4    
med4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #a4 c4 treat at      
large4 ,for this particular disease1 him
 that shall take upon him to cure it1   
#bhdd,paracelsus will have to be a      
magician1 a chemist1 a philosopher1 an  

astrologer2 ,thurnesserus1 ,severinus   
the ,dane1 and some other of his        
followers1 require as much3 many of them
 cannot be cured but by magic4          
#bhde,paracelsus is so stiff for those  
chemical medicines1 that in his cures he
 will admit almost of no other physic1  
deriding in the mean time ,hippocrates1 
,galen1 and all their followers3 but    
magic1 and all such remedies ,i have    
already censured1 and shall speak of    
chemistry #bhdf;elsewhere4 ,astrology is
 required by many famous physicians1 by 
,ficinus1 ,crato1 ,fernelius2           
#bhdg;doubted of1 and exploded by       
others3 ,i will not take upon me to     
decide the controversy myself1 ,johannes
 ,hossurtus1 ,thomas ,boderius1 and     
,maginus in the preface to his          
mathematical physic1 shall determine for
 me4 ,many physicians explode astrology 
in physic 7saith he71 there is no use of
 it1 unam artem ac quasi temerarium     
insectantur1 ac gloriam sibi ab ejus    
imperitia1 aucupari3 but ,i will reprove

 physicians by physicians1 that defend  
and profess it1 ,hippocrates1 ,galen1   
,avicen4 c41 that count them butchers   
without it1 homicidas medicos           
,astrologiae ignaros1 c4 ,paracelsus    
goes farther1 and will have his         
physician #bhdhpredestinated to this    
man's cure1 this malady2 and time of    
cure1 the scheme of each geniture       
inspected1 gathering of herbs1 of       
administering astrologically observed2  
in which ,thurnesserus and some         
iatromathematical professors1 are too   
superstitious in my judgment4           
#bhdi;,hellebore will help1 but not     
alway1 not given by every physician1 c4 
but these men are too peremptory and    
self-conceited as ,i think4 ,but what do
 ,i do1 interposing in that which is    
beyond my reach8 ,a blind man cannot    
judge of colours1 nor ,i peradventure of
 these things4 ,only thus much ,i would 
require1 honesty in every physician1    
that he be not over-careless or         
covetous1 harpy-like to make a prey of  

his patient2 ,carnificis namque est 7as 
#bhej,wecker notes7 inter ipsos         
cruciatus ingens precium exposcere1 as a
 hungry chirurgeon often produces and   
wire-draws his cure1 so long as there is
 any hope of pay1 ,non missura cutem1   
nisi plena cruoris hirudo4 #bhea,many of
 them1 to get a fee1 will give physic to
 every one that comes1 when there is no 
cause1 and they do so irritare silentem 
morbum1 as #bheb;,heurnius complains1   
stir up a silent disease1 as it often   
falleth out1 which by good counsel1 good
 advice alone1 might have been happily  
composed1 or by rectification of those  
six non-natural things otherwise cured4 
,this is ,naturae bellum inferre1 to    
oppugn nature1 and to make a strong body
 weak4 ,arnoldus in his #h and #aa      
,aphorisms gives cautions against1 and  
expressly forbiddeth it4 #bhec;,a wise  
physician will not give physic1 but upon
 necessity1 and first try medicinal     
diet1 before he proceed to medicinal    
cure4 #bhed;,in another place he laughs 

those men to scorn1 that think longis   
syrupis expugnare daemones et animi     
phantasmata1 they can purge fantastical 
imaginations and the devil by physic4   
,another caution is1 that they proceed  
upon good grounds1 if so be there be    
need of physic1 and not mistake the     
disease2 they are often deceived by the 
#bheesimilitude of symptoms1 saith      
,heurnius1 and ,i could give instance in
 many consultations1 wherein they have  
prescribed opposite physic4 ,sometimes  
they go too perfunctorily to work1 in   
not prescribing a just #bhef;course of  
physic3 ,to stir up the humour1 and not 
to purge it1 doth often more harm than  
good4 ,montanus consil4 #cj4 inveighs   
against such perturbations1 that purge  
to the halves1 tire nature1 and molest  
the body to no purpose4 ',tis a crabbed 
humour to purge1 and as ,laurentius     
calls this disease1 the reproach of     
physicians3 ,bessardus1 flagellum       
medicorum1 their lash2 and for that     
cause1 more carefully to be respected4  

,though the patient be averse1 saith    
,laurentius1 desire help1 and refuse it 
again1 though he neglect his own health1
 it behoves a good physician not to     
leave him helpless4 ,but most part they 
offend in that other extreme1 they      
prescribe too much physic1 and tire out 
their bodies with continual potions1 to 
no purpose4 ,aetius tetrabib4 #b4 #b4   
ser4 cap4 #ij4 will have them by all    
means therefore #bhegto give some       
respite to nature1 to leave off now and 
then2 and ,laelius a ,fonte ,eugubinus  
in his consultations1 found it 7as he   
there witnesseth7 often verified by     
experience1 #bhehthat after a deal of   
physic to no purpose1 left to           
themselves1 they have recovered4 ',tis  
that which ,nic4 ,piso1 ,donatus        
,altomarus1 still inculcate1 dare       
requiem naturae1 to give nature rest4   
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,concerning the       
,patient4  ,when these precedent        
cautions are accurately kept1 and that  
we have now got a skilful1 an honest    

physician to our mind1 if his patient   
will not be conformable1 and content to 
be ruled by him1 all his endeavours will
 come to no good end4 ,many things are  
necessarily to be observed and continued
 on the patient's behalf3 ,first that he
 be not too niggardly miserable of his  
purse1 or think it too much he bestows  
upon himself1 and to save charges       
endanger his health4 ,the ,abderites1   
when they sent for #bhei;,hippocrates1  
promised him what reward he would1      
#bhfj;all the gold they had1 if all the 
city were gold he should have it4       
,naaman the ,syrian1 when he went into  
,israel to ,elisha to be cured of his   
leprosy1 took with him ten talents of   
silver1 six thousand pieces of gold1 and
 ten changes of raiment1 7#b ,kings v4  
#e47 ,another thing is1 that out of     
bashfulness he do not conceal his grief2
 if aught trouble his mind1 let him     
freely disclose it1 ,stultorum incurata 
pudor malus ulcera celat3 by that means 
he procures to himself much mischief1   

and runs into a greater inconvenience3  
he must be willing to be cured1 and     
earnestly desire it4 ,pars sanitatis    
velle sanare fuit1 7,seneca74 ',tis a   
part of his cure to wish his own health1
 and not to defer it too long4 #bhfa,qui
 blandiendo dulce nutrivit malum1 ,soro 
recusat ferre quod subiit jugum4   ,he  
that by cherishing a mischief doth      
provoke1 ,too late at last refuseth to  
cast off his yoke1  #bhfb;,helleborum   
frustra cum jam cutis aegra tumebit1    
,poscentes videas2 venienti occurrite   
morbo4  ,when the skin swells1 to seek  
it to appease ,with hellebore1 is vain2 
meet your disease4  ,by this means many 
times1 or through their ignorance in not
 taking notice of their grievance and   
danger of it1 contempt1 supine          
negligence1 extenuation1 wretchedness   
and peevishness2 they undo themselves4  
,the citizens1 ,i know not of what city 
now1 when rumour was brought their      
enemies were coming1 could not abide to 
hear it2 and when the plague begins in  

many places and they certainly know it1 
they command silence and hush it up2 but
 after they see their foes now marching 
to their gates1 and ready to surprise   
them1 they begin to fortify and resist  
when 'tis too late2 when1 the sickness  
breaks out and can be no longer         
concealed1 then they lament their supine
 negligence3 'tis no otherwise with     
these men4 ,and often out of prejudice1 
a loathing1 and distaste of physic1 they
 had rather die1 or do worse1 than take 
any of it4 ,barbarous immanity          
7#bhfc,melancthon terms it7 and folly to
 be deplored1 so to contemn the precepts
 of health1 good remedies1 and          
voluntarily to pull death1 and many     
maladies upon their own heads4 ,though  
many again are in that other extreme too
 profuse1 suspicious1 and jealous of    
their health1 too apt to take physic on 
every small occasion1 to aggravate every
 slender passion1 imperfection1         
impediment3 if their finger do but ache1
 run1 ride1 send for a physician1 as    

many gentlewomen do1 that are sick1     
without a cause1 even when they will    
themselves1 upon every toy or small     
discontent1 and when he comes1 they make
 it worse than it is1 by amplifying that
 which is not4 #bhfd;,hier4 ,capivaccius
 sets it down as a common fault of all  
melancholy persons to say their symptoms
 are greater than they are1 to help     
themselves4 ,and which #bhfe,mercurialis
 notes1 consil4 #ec4 to be more         
troublesome to their physicians1 than   
other ordinary patients1 that they may  
have change of physic4 ,a third thing to
 be required in a patient1 is           
confidence1 to be of good cheer1 and    
have sure hope that his physician can   
help him4 #bhff;,damascen the ,arabian  
requires likewise in the physician      
himself1 that he be confident he can    
cure him1 otherwise his physic will not 
be effectual1 and promise withal that he
 will certainly help him1 make him      
believe so at least4 #bhfg;,galeottus   
gives this reason1 because the form of  

health is contained in the physician's  
mind1 and as ,galen1 holds              
#bhfh;confidence and hope to be more    
good than physic1 he cures most in whom 
most are confident4 ,axiocus sick almost
 to death1 at the very sight of         
,socrates recovered his former health4  
,paracelsus assigns it for an only      
cause1 why ,hippocrates was so fortunate
 in his cures1 not for any extraordinary
 skill he had2 #bhfi;but because the    
common people had a most strong conceit 
of his worth4 ,to this of confidence we 
may add perseverance1 obedience1 and    
constancy1 not to change his physician1 
or dislike him upon every toy2 for he   
that so doth 7saith #bhgj;,janus        
,damascen7 or consults with many1 falls 
into many errors2 or that useth many    
medicines4 ,it was a chief caveat of    
#bhga,seneca to his friend ,lucilius1   
that he should not alter his physician1 
or prescribed physic3 ,nothing hinders  
health more2 a wound can never be cured1
 that hath several plasters4 ,crato     

consil4 #ahf4 taxeth all melancholy     
persons of this fault3 #bhgb',tis proper
 to them1 if things fall not out to     
their mind1 and that they have not      
present ease1 to seek another and       
another2 7as they do commonly that have 
sore eyes7 twenty one after another1 and
 they still promise all to cure them1   
try a thousand remedies2 and by this    
means they increase their malady1 make  
it most dangerous and difficult to be   
cured4 ,they try many 7saith #bhgc      
,montanus7 and profit by none3 and for  
this cause1 consil4 #bd4 he enjoins his 
patient before he take him in hand1     
#bhgdperseverance and sufferance1 for in
 such a small time no great matter can  
be effected1 and upon that condition he 
will administer physic1 otherwise all   
his endeavour and counsel would be to   
small purpose4 ,and in his #ca4 counsel 
for a notable matron1 he tells her1     
#bhge;if she will be cured1 she must be 
of a most abiding patience1 faithful    
obedience1 and singular perseverance2 if

 she remit1 or despair1 she can expect  
or hope for no good success4 ,consil4   
#bcj4 for an ,italian ,abbot1 he makes  
it one of the greatest reasons why this 
disease is so incurable1 #bhgf;because  
the parties are so restless1 and        
impatient1 and will therefore have him  
that intends to be eased1 #bhggto take  
physic1 not for a month1 a year1 but to 
apply himself to their prescriptions all
 the days of his life4 ,last of all1 it 
is required that the patient be not too 
bold to practise upon himself1 without  
an approved physician's consent1 or to  
try conclusions1 if he read a receipt in
 a book2 for so1 many grossly mistake1  
and do themselves more harm than good4  
,that which is conducing to one man1 in 
one case1 the same time is opposite to  
another4 #bhgh;,an ass and a mule went  
laden over a brook1 the one with salt1  
the other with wool3 the mule's pack was
 wet by chance1 the salt melted1 his    
burden the lighter1 and he thereby much 
eased3 he told the ass1 who1 thinking to

 speed as well1 wet his pack likewise at
 the next water1 but it was much the    
heavier1 he quite tired4 ,so one thing  
may be good and bad to several parties1 
upon diverse occasions4 ,many things    
7saith #bhgi ,penottus7 are written in  
our books1 which seem to the reader to  
be excellent remedies1 but they that    
make use of them are often deceived1 and
 take for physic poison4 ,i remember in 
,valleriola's observations1 a story of  
one ,john ,baptist a ,neapolitan1 that  
finding by chance a pamphlet in         
,italian1 written in praise of          
hellebore1 would needs adventure on     
himself1 and took one dram for one      
scruple1 and had not he been sent for1  
the poor fellow had poisoned himself4   
,from whence he concludes out of        
,damascenus #b et #c4 ,aphoris4         
#bhhjthat without exquisite knowledge1  
to work out of books is most dangerous3 
how unsavoury a thing it is to believe  
writers1 and take upon trust1 as this   
patient perceived by his own peril4 ,i  

could recite such another example of    
mine own knowledge1 of a friend of mine1
 that finding a receipt in ,brassivola1 
would needs take hellebore in substance1
 and try it on his own person2 but had  
not some of his familiars come to visit 
him by chance1 he had by his            
indiscretion hazarded himself3 many such
 ,i have observed4 ,these are those     
ordinary cautions1 which ,i should think
 fit to be noted1 and he that shall keep
 them1 as #bhha ,montanus saith1 shall  
surely be much eased1 if not thoroughly 
cured4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,concerning  
,physic4  ,physic itself in the last    
place is to be considered2 for the ,lord
 hath created medicines of the earth1   
and he that is wise will not abhor them4
 ,ecclus4 xxxviii4 #d4 ver4 #h4 of such 
doth the apothecary make a confection1  
c4 ,of these medicines there be diverse 
and infinite kinds1 plants1 metals1     
animals1 c41 and those of several       
natures1 some good for one1 hurtful to  
another3 some noxious in themselves1    

corrected by art1 very wholesome and    
good1 simples1 mixed1 c41 and therefore 
left to be managed by discreet and      
skilful physicians1 and thence applied  
to man's use4 ,to this purpose they have
 invented method1 and several rules of  
art1 to put these remedies in order1 for
 their particular ends4 ,physic 7as     
,hippocrates defines it7 is nought else 
but #bhhb;addition and subtraction2 and 
as it is required in all other diseases1
 so in this of melancholy it ought to be
 most accurate1 it being 7as            
#bhhc,mercurialis acknowledgeth7 so     
common an affection in these our times1 
and therefore fit to be understood4     
,several prescripts and methods ,i find 
in several men1 some take upon them to  
cure all maladies with one medicine1    
severally applied1 as that panacea1     
aurum potabile1 so much controverted in 
these days1 herba solis1 c4 ,paracelsus 
reduceth all diseases to four principal 
heads1 to whom ,severinus1 ,ravelascus1 
,leo ,suavius1 and others adhere and    

imitate3 those are leprosy1 gout1       
dropsy1 falling-sickness4 ,to which they
 reduce the rest2 as to leprosy1 ulcers1
 itches1 furfurs1 scabs1 c4 ,to gout1   
stone1 colic1 toothache1 headache1 c4   
,to dropsy1 agues1 jaundice1 cachexia1  
c4 ,to the falling-sickness1 belong     
palsy1 vertigo1 cramps1 convulsions1    
incubus1 apoplexy1 c4 #bhhd;,if any of  
these four principal be cured 7saith    
,ravelascus7 all the inferior are cured1
 and the same remedies commonly serve3  
but this is too general1 and by some    
contradicted3 for this peculiar disease 
of melancholy1 of which ,i am now to    
speak1 ,i find several cures1 several   
methods and prescripts4 ,they that      
intend the practic cure of melancholy1  
saith ,duretus in his notes to          
,hollerius1 set down nine peculiar      
scopes or ends2 ,savanarola prescribes  
seven especial canons4 ,aelianus        
,montaltus cap4 #bf4 ,faventinus in his 
empirics1 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 c41    
have their several injunctions and      

rules1 all tending to one end4 ,the     
ordinary is threefold1 which ,i mean to 
follow4 1 ,pharmaceutica1 and           
,chirurgica1 diet1 or living1           
apothecary1 chirurgery1 which ,wecker1  
,crato1 ,guianerius1 c41 and most1      
prescribe2 of which ,i will insist1 and 
speak in their order4   ,,sect4 ,,ii4   
,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4 ,i4--,diet      
rectified in substance4  ,diet1 1       
victus1 or living1 according to #bhhe   
,fuchsius and others1 comprehends those 
six non-natural things1 which ,i have   
before specified1 are especial causes1  
and being rectified1 a sole or chief    
part of the cure4 #bhhf;,johannes       
,arculanus1 cap4 #af4 in #i4 ,rhasis1   
accounts the rectifying of these six a  
sufficient cure4 ,guianerius1 tract4    
#ae1 cap4 #i4 calls them1 propriam et   
primam curam1 the principal cure3 so    
doth ,montanus1 ,crato1 ,mercurialis1   
,altomarus1 c41 first to be tried1      
,lemnius1 instit4 cap4 #bb1 names them  
the hinges of our health1 #bhhgno hope  

of recovery without them4 ,reinerus     
,solenander1 in his seventh consultation
 for a ,spanish young gentlewoman1 that 
was so melancholy she abhorred all      
company1 and would not sit at table with
 her familiar friends1 prescribes this  
physic above the rest1 #bhhhno good to  
be done without it4 #bhhi;,aretus1 lib4 
#a4 cap4 #g4 an old physician1 is of    
opinion1 that this is enough of itself1 
if the party be not too far gone in     
sickness4 #bhij;,crato1 in a            
consultation of his for a noble patient1
 tells him plainly1 that if his highness
 will keep but a good diet1 he will     
warrant him his former health4          
#bhia,montanus1 consil4 #bg4 for a      
nobleman of ,france1 admonisheth his    
lordship to be most circumspect in his  
diet1 or else all his other physic will 
#bhib;be to small purpose4 ,the same    
injunction ,i find verbatim in ,j4      
,caesar ,claudinus1 ,respon4 #cd4       
,scoltzii1 consil4 #ahc4 ,trallianus1   
cap4 #af4 lib4 #a4 ,laelius a ,fonte    

,aeugubinus often brags1 that he hath   
done more cures in this kind by         
rectification of diet1 than all other   
physic besides4 ,so that in a word ,i   
may say to most melancholy men1 as the  
fox said to the weasel1 that could not  
get out of the garner1 ,macra cavum     
repetes1 quem macra subisti1 #bhicthe   
six non-natural things caused it1 and   
they must cure it4 ,which howsoever ,i  
treat of1 as proper to the meridian of  
melancholy1 yet nevertheless1 that which
 is here said with him in #bhid,tully1  
though writ especially for the good of  
his friends at ,tarentum and ,sicily1   
yet it will generally serve #bhiemost   
other diseases1 and help them likewise1 
if it be observed4 ,of these six        
non-natural things1 the first is diet1  
properly so called1 which consists in   
meat and drink1 in which we must        
consider substance1 quantity1 quality1  
and that opposite to the precedent4 ,in 
substance1 such meats are generally     
commended1 which are #bhifmoist1 easy of

 digestion1 and not apt to engender     
wind1 not fried1 nor roasted1 but sod   
7saith ,valescus1 ,altomarus1 ,piso1 c47
 hot and moist1 and of good nourishment2
 ,crato1 consil4 #ba4 lib4 #b4 admits   
roast meat1 #bhig;if the burned and     
scorched superficies1 the brown we call 
it1 be pared off4 ,salvianus1 lib4 #b4  
cap4 #a4 cries out on cold and dry      
meats2 #bhihyoung flesh and tender is   
approved1 as of kid1 rabbits1 chickens1 
veal1 mutton1 capons1 hens1 partridge1  
pheasant1 quails1 and all mountain      
birds1 which are so familiar in some    
parts of ,africa1 and in ,italy1 and as 
#bhii;,dublinius reports1 the common    
food of boors and clowns in ,palestine4 
,galen takes exception at mutton1 but   
without question he means that rammy    
mutton1 which is in ,turkey and ,asia   
,minor1 which have those great fleshy   
tails1 of forty-eight pounds weight1 as 
,vertomannus witnesseth1 navig4 lib4 #b4
 cap4 #e4 ,the lean of fat meat is best1
 and all manner of broths1 and pottage1 

with borage1 lettuce1 and such wholesome
 herbs are excellent good1 especially of
 a cock boiled2 all spoon meat4         
,arabians commend brains1 but           
#bijj,laurentius1 c4 #h4 excepts against
 them1 and so do many others2 #bija;eggs
 are justified as a nutritive wholesome 
meat1 butter and oil may pass1 but with 
some limitation2 so #bijb;,crato        
confines it1 and to some men sparingly  
at set times1 or in sauce1 and so sugar 
and honey are approved4 #bijc;,all sharp
 and sour sauces must be avoided1 and   
spices1 or at least seldom used3 and so 
saffron sometimes in broth may be       
tolerated2 but these things may be more 
freely used1 as the temperature of the  
party is hot or cold1 or as he shall    
find inconvenience by them4 ,the        
thinnest1 whitest1 smallest wine is     
best1 not thick1 nor strong2 and so of  
beer1 the middling is fittest4 ,bread of
 good wheat1 pure1 well purged from the 
bran is preferred2 ,laurentius1 cap4 #h4
 would have it kneaded with rain water1 

if it may be gotten4 ,water4 ,pure1     
thin1 light water by all means use1 of  
good smell and taste1 like to the air in
 sight1 such as is soon hot1 soon cold1 
and which ,hippocrates so much approves1
 if at least it may be had4 ,rain water 
is purest1 so that it fall not down in  
great drops1 and be used forthwith1 for 
it quickly putrefies4 ,next to it       
fountain water that riseth in the east1 
and runneth eastward1 from a quick      
running spring1 from flinty1 chalky1    
gravelly grounds3 and the longer a river
 runneth1 it is commonly the purest1    
though many springs do yield the best   
water at their fountains4 ,the waters in
 hotter countries1 as in ,turkey1       
,persia1 ,india1 within the tropics1 are
 frequently purer than ours in the      
north1 more subtile1 thin1 and lighter1 
as our merchants observe1 by four ounces
 in a pound1 pleasanter to drink1 as    
good as our beer1 and some of them1 as  
,choaspis in ,persia1 preferred by the  
,persian kings1 before wine itself4     

#bijd;,clitorio quicunque sitim de fonte
 levarit ,vina fugit gaudetque meris    
abstemius undis4  ,many rivers ,i deny  
not are muddy still1 white1 thick1 like 
those in ,china1 ,nile in ,egypt1 ,tiber
 at ,rome1 but after they be settled two
 or three days1 defecate and clear1 very
 commodious1 useful and good4 ,many make
 use of deep wells1 as of old in the    
,holy ,land1 lakes1 cisterns1 when they 
cannot be better provided2 to fetch it  
in carts or gondolas1 as in ,venice1 or 
camels' backs1 as at ,cairo in ,egypt1  
#bije,radzivilius observed #hjjj camels 
daily there1 employed about that        
business2 some keep it in trunks1 as in 
the ,east ,indies1 made four square with
 descending steps1 and 'tis not amiss1  
for ,i would not have any one so nice as
 that ,grecian ,calis1 sister to        
,nicephorus1 emperor of ,constantinople1
 and #bijfmarried to ,dominitus         
,silvius1 duke of ,venice1 that out of  
incredible wantonness1 communi aqua uti 
nolebat1 would use no vulgar water2 but 

she died tanta 7saith mine author7      
foetidissimi puris copia1 of so fulsome 
a disease1 that no water could wash her 
clean4 #bijg,plato would not have a     
traveller lodge in a city that is not   
governed by laws1 or hath not a quick   
stream running by it2 illud enim animum1
 hoc corrumpit valetudinem1 one corrupts
 the body1 the other the mind4 ,but this
 is more than needs1 too much curiosity 
is naught1 in time of necessity any     
water is allowed4 ,howsoever1 pure water
 is best1 and which 7as ,pindarus holds7
 is better than gold2 an especial       
ornament it is1 and very commodious to a
 city 7according to #bijh,vegetius7 when
 fresh springs are included within the  
walls1 as at ,corinth1 in the midst of  
the town almost1 there was arx altissima
 scatens fontibus1 a goodly mount full  
of fresh water springs3 if nature afford
 them not they must be had by art4 ,it  
is a wonder to read of those            
#bijistupend aqueducts1 and infinite    
cost hath been bestowed in ,rome of old1

 ,constantinople1 ,carthage1            
,alexandria1 and such populous cities1  
to convey good and wholesome waters3    
read #biaj;,frontinus1 ,lipsius de      
admir4 #biaa,plinius1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #aa1
 ,strabo in his ,geogr4 ,that aqueduct  
of ,claudius was most eminent1 fetched  
upon arches fifteen miles1 every arch   
#aji feet high3 they had fourteen such  
other aqueducts1 besides lakes and      
cisterns1 #gjj as ,i take it2           
#biab;every house had private pipes and 
channels to serve them for their use4   
,peter ,gillius1 in his accurate        
description of ,constantinople1 speaks  
of an old cistern which he went down to 
see1 #ccf feet long1 #ahj feet broad1   
built of marble1 covered over with      
arch-work1 and sustained by #ccf        
pillars1 #ab feet asunder1 and in eleven
 rows1 to contain sweet water4 ,infinite
 cost in channels and cisterns1 from    
,nilus to ,alexandria1 hath been        
formerly bestowed1 to the admiration of 
these times2 #biactheir cisterns so     

curiously cemented and composed1 that a 
beholder would take them to be all of   
one stone3 when the foundation is laid1 
and cistern made1 their house is half   
built4 ,that ,segovian aqueduct in      
,spain1 is much wondered at in these    
days1 #biadupon three rows of pillars1  
one above another1 conveying sweet water
 to every house3 but each city almost is
 full of such aqueducts4 ,amongst the   
rest #biae;he is eternally to be        
commended1 that brought that new stream 
to the north side of ,london at his own 
charge3 and ,mr4 ,otho ,nicholson1      
founder of our waterworks and elegant   
conduit in ,oxford4 ,so much have all   
times attributed to this element1 to be 
conveniently provided of it3 although   
,galen hath taken exceptions at such    
waters1 which run through leaden pipes1 
ob cerussam quae in iis generatur1 for  
that unctuous ceruse1 which causeth     
dysenteries and fluxes2 #biafyet as     
,alsarius ,crucius of ,genna well       
answers1 it is opposite to common       

experience4 ,if that were true1 most of 
our ,italian cities1 ,montpelier in     
,france1 with infinite others1 would    
find this inconvenience1 but there is no
 such matter4 ,for private families1 in 
what sort they should furnish           
themselves1 let them consult with ,p4   
,crescentius1 de ,agric4 l4 #a4 c4 #d1  
,pamphilius ,hirelacus1 and the rest4   
,amongst fishes1 those are most allowed 
of1 that live in gravelly or sandy      
waters1 pikes1 perch1 trout1 gudgeon1   
smelts1 flounders1 c4 ,hippolitus       
,salvianus takes exception at carp2 but 
,i dare boldly say with #biag           
,dubravius1 it is an excellent meat1 if 
it come not from #biahmuddy pools1 that 
it retain not an unsavoury taste4       
,erinacius ,marinus is much commended by
 ,oribatius1 ,aetius1 and most of our   
late writers4 #biai;,crato1 consil4 #ba4
 lib4 #b4 censures all manner of fruits1
 as subject to putrefaction1 yet        
tolerable at sometimes1 after meals1 at 
second course1 they keep down vapours1  

and have their use4 ,sweet fruits are   
best1 as sweet cherries1 plums1 sweet   
apples1 pearmains1 and pippins1 which   
,laurentius extols1 as having a peculiar
 property against this disease1 and     
,plater magnifies1 omnibus modis        
appropriata conveniunt1 but they must be
 corrected for their windiness3 ripe    
grapes are good1 and raisins of the sun1
 musk-melons well corrected1 and        
sparingly used4 ,figs are allowed1 and  
almonds blanched4 ,trallianus           
discommends figs1 #bibj,salvianus olives
 and capers1 which #bibaothers          
especially like of1 and so of pistick   
nuts4 ,montanus and ,mercurialis out of 
,avenzoar1 admit peaches1 #bibbpears1   
and apples baked after meals1 only      
corrected with sugar1 and aniseed1 or   
fennel-seed1 and so they may be         
profitably taken1 because they          
strengthen the stomach1 and keep down   
vapours4 ,the like may be said of       
preserved cherries1 plums1 marmalade of 
plums1 quinces1 c41 but not to drink    

after them4 #bibc,pomegranates1 lemons1 
oranges are tolerated1 if they be not   
too sharp4 #bibd;,crato will admit of no
 herbs1 but borage1 bugloss1 endive1    
fennel1 aniseed1 baum2 ,callenius and   
,arnoldus tolerate lettuce1 spinach1    
beets1 c4 ,the same ,crato will allow no
 roots at all to be eaten4 ,some approve
 of potatoes1 parsnips1 but all         
corrected for wind4 ,no raw salads2 but 
as ,laurentius prescribes1 in broths2   
and so ,crato commends many of them3 or 
to use borage1 hops1 baum1 steeped in   
their ordinary drink4 #bibe;,avenzoar   
magnifies the juice of a pomegranate1 if
 it be sweet1 and especially rose water1
 which he would have to be used in every
 dish1 which they put in practice in    
those hot countries1 about ,damascus1   
where 7if we may believe the relations  
of ,vertomannus7 many hogsheads of rose 
water are to be sold in the market at   
once1 it is in so great request with    
them4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,diet rectified
 in quantity4  ,man alone1 saith        

#bibf;,cardan1 eats and drinks without  
appetite1 and useth all his pleasure    
without necessity1 animae vitio1 and    
thence come many inconveniences unto    
him4 ,for there is no meat whatsoever1  
though otherwise wholesome and good1 but
 if unseasonably taken1 or immoderately 
used1 more than the stomach can well    
bear1 it will engender crudity1 and do  
much harm4 ,therefore #bibg;,crato      
adviseth his patient to eat but twice a 
day1 and that at his set meals1 by no   
means to eat without an appetite1 or    
upon a full stomach1 and to put seven   
hours' difference between dinner and    
supper4 ,which rule if we did observe in
 our colleges1 it would be much better  
for our healths3 but custom1 that       
tyrant1 so prevails1 that contrary to   
all good order and rules of physic1 we  
scarce admit of five4 ,if after seven   
hours' tarrying he shall have no        
stomach1 let him defer his meal1 or eat 
very little at his ordinary time of     
repast4 ,this very counsel was given by 

,prosper ,calenus to ,cardinal ,caesius1
 labouring of this disease2 and #bibh   
,platerus prescribes it to a patient of 
his1 to be most severely kept4          
,guianerius admits of three meals a day1
 but ,montanus1 consil4 #bc4 pro4 ,ab4  
,italo1 ties him precisely to two4 ,and 
as he must not eat overmuch1 so he may  
not absolutely fast2 for as ,celsus     
contends1 lib4 #a4 ,jacchinus #ae4 in   
#i4 ,rhasis1 #bibirepletion and         
inanition may both do harm in two       
contrary extremes4 ,moreover1 that which
 he doth eat1 must be well #bicj;chewed1
 and not hastily gobbled1 for that      
causeth crudity and wind2 and by all    
means to eat no more than he can well   
digest4 ,some think 7saith #bica        
,trincavelius1 lib4 #aa4 cap4 #bi4 de   
curand4 part4 hum47 the more they eat   
the more they nourish themselves3 eat   
and live1 as the proverb is1 not knowing
 that only repairs man1 which is well   
concocted1 not that which is devoured4  
,melancholy men most part have good     

#bicb;appetites1 but ill digestion1 and 
for that cause they must be sure to rise
 with an appetite2 and that which       
,socrates and ,disarius the physicians  
in #bicc,macrobius so much require1 ,st4
 ,hierom enjoins ,rusticus to eat and   
drink no more than1 will #bicdsatisfy   
hunger and thirst4 #bice,lessius1 the   
,jesuit1 holds twelve1 thirteen1 or     
fourteen ounces1 or in our northern     
countries1 sixteen at most1 7for all    
students1 weaklings1 and such as lead an
 idle sedentary life7 of meat1 bread1   
c41 a fit proportion for a whole day1   
and as much or little more of drink4    
,nothing pesters the body and mind      
sooner than to be still fed1 to eat and 
ingurgitate beyond all measure1 as many 
do4 #bicf ,by overmuch eating and       
continual feasts they stifle nature1 and
 choke up themselves2 which1 had they   
lived coarsely1 or like galley slaves   
been tied to an oar1 might have happily 
prolonged many fair years4 ,a great     
inconvenience comes by variety of       

dishes1 which causeth the precedent     
distemperature1 #bicgthan which 7saith  
,avicenna7 nothing is worse2 to feed on 
diversity of meats1 or overmuch1        
,sertorius-like1 in lucem caenare1 and  
as commonly they do in ,muscovy and     
,iceland1 to prolong their meals all day
 long1 or all night4 ,our northern      
countries offend especially in this1 and
 we in this island 7ampliter viventes in
 prandiis et caenis1 as #bich,polydore  
notes7 are most liberal feeders1 but to 
our own hurt4 #bici,persicos odi puer   
apparatus3 ,excess of meat breedeth     
sickness1 and gluttony causeth choleric 
diseases3 by surfeiting many perish1 but
 he that dieteth himself prolongeth his 
life1 ,ecclus4 xxxvii4 #bi1 #cj4 ,we    
account it a great glory for a man to   
have his table daily furnished with     
variety of meats3 but hear the          
physician1 he pulls thee by the ear as  
thou sittest1 and telleth thee1         
#bidjthat nothing can be more noxious to
 thy health than such variety and       

plenty4 ,temperance is a bridle of gold1
 and he that can use it aright1         
#bida;ego non summis viris comparo1 sed 
simillimum ,deo judico1 is liker a ,god 
than a man3 for as it will transform a  
beast to a man again1 so will it make a 
man a ,god4 ,to preserve thine honour1  
health1 and to avoid therefore all those
 inflations1 torments1 obstructions1    
crudities1 and diseases that come by a  
full diet1 the best way is to #bidb;feed
 sparingly of one or two dishes at most1
 to have ventrem bene moratum1 as       
,seneca calls it1 #bidcto choose one of 
many1 and to feed on that alone1 as     
,crato adviseth his patient4 ,the same  
counsel #bidd,prosper ,calenus gives to 
,cardinal ,caesius1 to use a moderate   
and simple diet3 and though his table be
 jovially furnished by reason of his    
state and guests1 yet for his own part  
to single out some one savoury dish and 
feed on it4 ,the same is inculcated by  
#bide;,crato1 consil4 #i4 l4 #b4 to a   
noble personage affected with this      

grievance1 he would have his highness to
 dine or sup alone1 without all his     
honourable attendance and courtly       
company1 with a private friend or so1   
#bidf;a dish or two1 a cup of ,rhenish  
wine1 c4 ,montanus1 consil4 #bd4 for a  
noble matron enjoins her one dish1 and  
by no means to drink between meals4 ,the
 like1 consil4 #bbi4 or not to eat till 
he be an hungry1 which rule ,berengarius
 did most strictly observe1 as          
,hilbertus1 ,cenomecensis ,episc4 writes
 in his life1 ------cui non fuit unquam 
,ante sitim potus1 nec cibus ante famem1
  and which all temperate men do        
constantly keep4 ,it is a frequent      
solemnity still used with us1 when      
friends meet1 to go to the alehouse or  
tavern1 they are not sociable otherwise3
 and if they visit one another's houses1
 they must both eat and drink4 ,i       
reprehend it not moderately used2 but to
 some men nothing can be more offensive2
 they had better1 ,i speak it with      
,saint #bidg;,ambrose1 pour so much     

water in their shoes4 ,it much avails   
likewise to keep good order in our diet1
 #bidhto eat liquid things first1       
broths1 fish1 and such meats as are     
sooner corrupted in the stomach2 harder 
meats of digestion must come last4      
,crato would have the supper less than  
the dinner1 which ,cardan1 ,contradict4 
lib4 #a4 tract4 #e4 contradict4 #ah4    
disallows1 and that by the authority of 
,galen4 #g4 art4 curat4 cap4 #f4 and for
 four reasons he will have the supper   
biggest3 ,i have read many treatises to 
this purpose1 ,i know not how it may    
concern some few sick men1 but for my   
part generally for all1 ,i should       
subscribe to that custom of the ,romans1
 to make a sparing dinner1 and a liberal
 supper2 all their preparation and      
invitation was still at supper1 no      
mention of dinner4 ,many reasons ,i     
could give1 but when all is said pro and
 con1 #bidi;,cardan's rule is best1 to  
keep that we are accustomed unto1 though
 it be naught1 and to follow our        

disposition and appetite in some things 
is not amiss2 to eat sometimes of a dish
 which is hurtful1 if we have an        
extraordinary liking to it4 ,alexander  
,severus loved hares and apples above   
all other meats1 as #biej,lampridius    
relates in his life3 one pope pork1     
another peacock1 c42 what harm came of  
it8 ,i conclude our own experience is   
the best physician2 that diet which is  
most propitious to one1 is often        
pernicious to another1 such is the      
variety of palates1 humours1 and        
temperatures1 let every man observe1 and
 be a law unto himself4 ,tiberius1 in   
#biea,tacitus1 did laugh at all such1   
that thirty years of age would ask      
counsel of others concerning matters of 
diet2 ,i say the same4 ,these few rules 
of diet he that keeps1 shall surely find
 great ease and speedy remedy by it4 ,it
 is a wonder to relate that prodigious  
temperance of some hermits1 anchorites1 
and fathers of the church3 he that shall
 but read their lives1 written by       

,hierom1 ,athanasius1 c41 how abstemious
 heathens have been in this kind1 those 
,curii and ,fabritii1 those old         
philosophers1 as ,pliny records1 lib4   
#aa4 ,xenophon1 lib4 #a4 de vit4        
,socrat4 ,emperors and kings1 as        
,nicephorus relates1 ,eccles4 hist4 lib4
 #ah4 cap4 #h4 of ,mauritius1 ,ludovicus
 ,pius1 c41 and that admirable          
#bieb;example of ,ludovicus ,cornarus1 a
 patrician of ,venice1 cannot but admire
 them4 ,this have they done voluntarily 
and in health2 what shall these private 
men do that are visited with sickness1  
and necessarily #biec;enjoined to       
recover1 and continue their health8 ,it 
is a hard thing to observe a strict     
diet1 et qui medice vivit1 misere vivit1
 #bied;as the saying is1 quale hoc ipsum
 erit vivere1 his si privatus fueris8 as
 good be buried1 as so much debarred of 
his appetite2 excessit medicina malum1  
the physic is more troublesome than the 
disease1 so he complained in the poet1  
so thou thinkest3 yet he that loves     

himself will easily endure this little  
misery1 to avoid a greater              
inconvenience2 e malis minimum better do
 this than do worse4 ,and as #biee,tully
 holds1 better be a temperate old man   
than a lascivious youth4 ',tis the only 
sweet thing 7which he adviseth7 so to   
moderate ourselves1 that we may have    
senectutem in juventute1 et in juventute
 senectutem1 be youthful in our old age1
 staid in our youth1 discreet and       
temperate in both4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4       
,retention and ,evacuation rectified4   
,i have declared in the causes what harm
 costiveness hath done in procuring this
 disease2 if it be so noxious1 the      
opposite must needs be good1 or mean at 
least1 as indeed it is1 and to this cure
 necessarily required2 maxime conducit1 
saith ,montaltus1 cap4 #bg4 it very much
 avails4 #bief ,altomarus1 cap4 #g1     
commends walking in a morning1 into some
 fair green pleasant fields1 but by all 
means first1 by art or nature1 he will  
have these ordinary excrements          

evacuated4 ,piso calls it1 ,beneficium  
ventris1 the benefit1 help or pleasure  
of the belly1 for it doth much ease it4 
,laurentius1 cap4 #h1 ,crato1 consil4   
#ba4 l4 #b4 prescribes it once a day at 
least3 where nature is defective1 art   
must supply1 by those lenitive          
electuaries1 suppositories1 condite     
prunes1 turpentine1 clysters1 as shall  
be shown4 ,prosper ,calenus1 lib4 de    
atra bile1 commends clysters in         
hypochondriacal melancholy1 still to be 
used as occasion serves2 #bieg ,peter   
,cnemander in a consultation of his pro 
hypocondriaco1 will have his patient    
continually loose1 and to that end sets 
down there many forms of potions and    
clysters4 ,mercurialis1 consil4 #hh4 if 
this benefit come not of its own accord1
 prescribes #bieh;clysters in the first 
place3 so doth ,montanus1 consil4 #bd4  
consil4 #ca et #bbi4 he commends        
turpentine to that purpose3 the same he 
ingeminates1 consil4 #bcj4 for an       
,italian abbot4 ',tis very good to wash 

his hands and face often1 to shift his  
clothes1 to have fair linen about him1  
to be decently and comely attired1 for  
sordes vitiant1 nastiness defiles and   
dejects any man that is so voluntarily1 
or compelled by want1 it dulleth the    
spirits4 ,baths are either artificial or
 natural1 both have their special uses  
in this malady1 and as #biei;,alexander 
supposeth1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 yield as  
speedy a remedy as any other physic     
whatsoever4 ,aetius would have them     
daily used1 assidua balnea1 ,tetra4 #b4 
sect4 #b4 c4 #i4 ,galen cracks how many 
several cures he hath performed in this 
kind by use of baths alone1 and ,rufus  
pills1 moistening them which are        
otherwise dry4 ,rhasis makes it a       
principal cure1 ,tota cura sit in       
humectando1 to bathe and afterwards     
anoint with oil4 ,jason ,pratensis1     
,laurentius1 cap4 #h4 and ,montanus set 
down their peculiar forms of artificial 
baths4 ,crato1 consil4 #ag4 lib4 #b4    
commends mallows1 camomile1 violets1    

borage to be boiled in it1 and sometimes
 fair water alone1 and in his following 
counsel1 ,balneum aquae dulcis solum    
saepissime profuisse compertum habemus4 
,so doth ,fuchsius1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #cc4  
,frisimelica1 #b4 consil4 #db4 in       
,trincavelius4 ,some beside herbs       
prescribe a ram's head and other things 
to be boiled4 #bifj ,fernelius1 consil4 
#dd4 will have them used ten or twelve  
days together2 to which he must enter   
fasting1 and so continue in a temperate 
heat1 and after that frictions all over 
the body4 ,lelius ,aegubinus1 consil4   
#adb4 and ,christoph4 ,aererus1 in a    
consultation of his1 hold once or twice 
a week sufficient to bathe1 the         
#bifawater to be warm1 not hot1 for fear
 of sweating4 ,felix ,plater1 observ4   
lib4 #a4 for a melancholy lawyer1 #bifb 
will have lotions of the head still     
joined to these baths1 with a ley       
wherein capital herbs have been boiled4 
#bifc,laurentius speaks of baths of     
milk1 which ,i find approved by many    

others4 ,and still after bath1 the body 
to be anointed with oil of bitter       
almonds1 of violets1 new or fresh       
butter1 #bifd;capon's grease1 especially
 the backbone1 and then lotions of the  
head1 embrocations1 c4 ,these kinds of  
baths have been in former times much    
frequented1 and diversely varied1 and   
are still in general use in those       
eastern countries4 ,the ,romans had     
their public baths very sumptuous and   
stupend1 as those of ,antoninus and     
,diocletian4 ,plin4 #cf4 saith there    
were an infinite number of them in      
,rome1 and mightily frequented2 some    
bathed seven times a day1 as ,commodus  
the emperor is reported to have done2   
usually twice a day1 and they were after
 anointed with most costly ointments3   
rich women bathed themselves in milk1   
some in the milk of five hundred        
she-asses at once3 we have many ruins of
 such1 baths found in this island1      
amongst those parietines and rubbish of 
old ,roman towns4 ,lipsius1 de mag4     

,urb4 ,rom4 l4 #c1 c4 #h1 ,rosinus1     
,scot of ,antwerp1 and other            
antiquaries1 tell strange stories of    
their baths4 ,gillius1 l4 #d4 cap4 ult4 
,topogr4 ,constant4 reckons up #aee     
public #bife;baths in ,constantinople1  
of fair building2 they are still        
#biff;frequented in that city by the    
,turks of all sorts1 men and women1 and 
all over ,greece1 and those hot         
countries2 to absterge belike that      
fulsomeness of sweat1 to which they are 
there subject4 #bifg;,busbequius1 in his
 epistles1 is very copious in describing
 the manner of them1 how their women go 
covered1 a maid following with a box of 
ointment to rub them4 ,the richer sort  
have private baths in their houses2 the 
poorer go to the common1 and are        
generally so curious in this behalf1    
that they will not eat nor drink until  
they have bathed1 before and after meals
 some1 #bifh;and will not make water    
7but they will wash their hands7 or go  
to stool4 ,leo ,afer4 l4 #c4 makes      

mention of one hundred several baths at 
,fez in ,africa1 most sumptuous1 and    
such as have great revenues belonging to
 them4 ,buxtorf4 cap4 #ad1 ,synagog4    
,jud4 speaks of many ceremonies amongst 
the ,jews in this kind2 they are very   
superstitious in their baths1 especially
 women4 ,natural baths are praised by   
some1 discommended by others2 but it is 
in a divers respect4 #bifi,marcus1 de   
,oddis in ,hip4 affect4 consulted about 
baths1 condemns them for the heat of the
 liver1 because they dry too fast2 and  
yet by and by1 #bigj;in another counsel 
for the same disease1 he approves them  
because they cleanse by reason of the   
sulphur1 and would have their water to  
be drunk4 ,areteus1 c4 #g4 commends alum
 baths above the rest2 and              
#biga,mercurialis1 consil4 #hh4 those of
 ,lucca in that hypochondriacal passion4
 ,he would have his patient tarry there 
fifteen days together1 and drink the    
water of them1 and to be bucketed1 or   
have the water poured on his head4 ,john

 ,baptista1 ,sylvaticus cont4 #fd4      
commends all the baths in ,italy1 and   
drinking of their water1 whether they be
 iron1 alum1 sulphur2 so doth           
#bigb;,hercules de ,saxonia4 ,but in    
that they cause sweat and dry so much1  
he confines himself to hypochondriacal  
melancholy alone1 excepting that of the 
head and the other4 ,trincavelius1      
consil4 #ad4 lib4 #a4 refers those      
#bigc,porrectan baths before the rest1  
because of the mixture of brass1 iron1  
alum1 and consil4 #ce4 l4 #c4 for a     
melancholy lawyer1 and consil4 #cf4 in  
that hypochondriacal passion1 the       
#bigd;baths of ,aquaria1 and #cf4       
consil4 the drinking of them4           
,frisimelica1 consulted amongst the rest
 in ,trincavelius1 consil4 #db4 lib4 #b4
 prefers the waters of #bige;,apona     
before all artificial baths whatsoever  
in this disease1 and would have one nine
 years affected with hypochondriacal    
passions fly to them as to a #bigf;holy 
anchor4 ,of the same mind is            

,trincavelius himself there1 and yet    
both put a hot liver in the same party  
for a cause1 and send him to the waters 
of ,st4 ,helen1 which are much hotter4  
,montanus1 consil4 #bcj4 magnifies the  
#bigg;,chalderinian baths1 and consil   
#bcg4 et #bci4 he exhorteth to the same1
 but with this caution1 #bighthat the   
liver be outwardly anointed with some   
coolers that it be not overheated4 ,but 
these baths must be warily frequented by
 melancholy persons1 or if used1 to such
 as are very cold of themselves1 for as 
,gabelius concludes of all ,dutch baths1
 and especially of those of ,baden1 they
 are good for all cold diseases1        
#biginaught for choleric1 hot and dry1  
and all infirmities proceeding of       
choler1 inflammations of the spleen and 
liver4 ,our ,english baths1 as they are 
hot1 must needs incur the same censure3 
but ,d4 ,turner of old1 and ,d4 ,jones  
have written at large of them4 ,of cold 
baths ,i find little or no mention in   
any physician1 some speak against them3 

#bihj;,cardan alone out of ,agathinus   
commends bathing in fresh rivers1 and   
cold waters1 and adviseth all such as   
mean to live long to use it1 for it     
agrees with all ages and complexions1   
and is most profitable for hot          
temperatures4 ,as for sweating1 urine1  
bloodletting by haemrods1 or otherwise1 
,i shall elsewhere more opportunely     
speak of them4 ,immoderate ,venus in    
excess1 as it is a cause1 or in defect2 
so moderately used to some parties an   
only help1 a present remedy4 ,peter     
,forestus calls it aptissimum remedium1 
a most apposite remedy1 #biharemitting  
anger1 and reason1 that was otherwise   
bound4 ,avicenna ,fen4 #c4 #bj4         
,oribasius med4 collect4 lib4 #f4 cap4  
#cg4 contend out of ,ruffus and others1 
#bihb that many madmen1 melancholy1 and 
labouring of the falling sickness1 have 
been cured by this alone4 ,montaltus    
cap4 #bg4 de melan4 will have it drive  
away sorrow1 and all illusions of the   
brain1 to purge the heart and brain from

 ill smokes and vapours that offend     
them3 #bihc;and if it be omitted1 as    
,valescus supposeth1 it makes the mind  
sad1 the body dull and heavy4 ,many     
other inconveniences are reckoned up by 
,mercatus1 and by ,rodericus a ,castro1 
in their tracts de melancholia virginum 
et monialium2 ob seminis retentionem    
saviunt saepe moniales et virgines1 but 
as ,platerus adds1 si nubant sanantur1  
they rave single1 and pine away1 much   
discontent1 but marriage mends all4     
,marcellus ,donatus lib4 #b4 med4 hist4 
cap4 #a4 tells a story to confirm this  
out of ,alexander ,benedictus1 of a maid
 that was mad1 ob menses inhibitos1 cum 
in officinam meritoriam incidisset1 a   
quindecem viris eadem nocte compressa1  
mensium largo profluvio1 quod pluribus  
annis ante constiterat1 non sine magno  
pudore mane menti restituta discessit4  
,but this must be warily understood1 for
 as ,arnoldus objects1 lib4 #a4 breviar4
 #ah4 cap4 ,quid coitus ad melancholicum
 succum8 ,what affinity have these two8 

#bihd;except it be manifest that        
superabundance of seed1 or fullness of  
blood be a cause1 or that love1 or an   
extraordinary desire of ,venus1 have    
gone before1 or that as ,lod4 ,mercatus 
excepts1 they be very flatuous1 and have
 been otherwise accustomed unto it4     
,montaltus cap4 #bg4 will not allow of  
moderate ,venus to such as have the     
gout1 palsy1 epilepsy1 melancholy1      
except they be very lusty1 and full of  
blood4 #bihe,lodovicus ,antonius lib4   
med4 miscet4 in his chapter of ,venus1  
forbids it utterly to all wrestlers1    
ditchers1 labouring men1 c4             
#bihf;,ficinus and #bihg,marsilius      
,cognatus puts ,venus one of the five   
mortal enemies of a student3 it consumes
 the spirits1 and weakeneth the brain4  
,halyabbas the ,arabian1 #e4 ,theor4    
cap4 #cf4 and ,jason ,pratensis make it 
the fountain of most diseases1 #bihh;but
 most pernicious to them who are cold   
and dry3 a melancholy man must not      
meddle with it1 but in some cases4      

,plutarch in his book de san4 tuend4    
accounts of it as one of the three      
principal signs and preservers of       
health1 temperance in this kind3 #bihito
 rise with an appetite1 to be ready to  
work1 and abstain from venery1 tria     
saluberrima1 are three most healthful   
things4 ,we see their opposites how     
pernicious they are to mankind1 as to   
all other creatures they bring death1   
and many feral diseases3 ,immodicis     
brevis est aetas et rara senectus4      
,aristotle gives instance in sparrows1  
which are parum vivaces ob salacitatem1 
#biijshort lived because of their       
salacity1 which is very frequent1 as    
,scoppius in ,priapus will better inform
 you4 ,the extremes being both bad1     
#biiathe medium is to be kept1 which    
cannot easily be determined4 ,some are  
better able to sustain1 such as are hot 
and moist1 phlegmatic1 as ,hippocrates  
insinuateth1 some strong and lusty1 well
 fed like #biib;,hercules1 #biic        
,proculus the emperor1 lusty ,laurence1 

#biidprostibulum faeminae ,messalina the
 empress1 that by philters1 and such    
kind of lascivious meats1 use all means 
to #biie;enable themselves3 and brag of 
it in the end1 confodi multas enim1     
occidi vero paucas per ventrem vidisti1 
as that ,spanish #biif;,celestina       
merrily said3 others impotent1 of a cold
 and dry constitution1 cannot sustain   
those gymnics without great hurt done to
 their own bodies1 of which number      
7though they be very prone to it7 are   
melancholy men for the most part4       
,,memb4 ,,iii4  ,air rectified4 ,with a 
digression of the ,air4  ,as a          
long-winged hawk1 when he is first      
whistled off the fist1 mounts aloft1 and
 for his pleasure fetcheth many a       
circuit in the air1 still soaring higher
 and higher1 till he be come to his full
 pitch1 and in the end when the game is 
sprung1 comes down amain1 and stoops    
upon a sudden3 so will ,i1 having now   
come at last into these ample fields of 
air1 wherein ,i may freely expatiate and

 exercise myself for my recreation1     
awhile rove1 wander round about the     
world1 mount aloft to those ethereal    
orbs and celestial spheres1 and so      
descend to my former elements again4 ,in
 which progress ,i will first see       
whether that relation of the friar of   
#biig ,oxford be true1 concerning those 
northern parts under the pole 7if ,i    
meet obiter with the wandering ,jew1    
,elias ,artifex1 or ,lucian's           
,icaromenippus1 they shall be my guides7
 whether there be such #d4 ,euripes1 and
 a great rock of loadstones1 which may  
cause the needle in the compass still to
 bend that way1 and what should be the  
true cause of the variation of the      
compass1 #biih;is it a magnetical rock1 
or the pole-star1 as ,cardan will2 or   
some other star in the bear1 as         
,marsilius ,ficinus2 or a magnetical    
meridian1 as ,maurolieus2 ,vel situs in 
vena terrae1 as ,agricola2 or the       
nearness of the next continent1 as      
,cabeus will2 or some other cause1 as   

,scaliger1 ,cortesius1 ,conimbricenses1 
,peregrinus contend2 why at the ,azores 
it looks directly north1 otherwise not8 
,in the ,mediterranean or ,levant 7as   
some observe7 it varies #g4 grad4 by and
 by #ab4 and then #bb4 ,in the ,baltic  
,seas1 near ,rasceburg in ,finland1 the 
needle runs round1 if any ships come    
that way1 though #biii,martin ,ridley   
write otherwise1 that the needle near   
the ,pole will hardly be forced from his
 direction4 ',tis fit to be inquired    
whether certain rules may be made of it1
 as #aa4 grad4 ,lond4 variat4 alibi #cf4
 c4 and that which is more prodigious1  
the variation varies in the same place1 
now taken accurately1 'tis so much after
 a few years quite altered from that it 
was3 till we have better intelligence1  
let our ,dr4 ,gilbert1 and ,nicholas    
#cjjj;,cabeus the ,jesuit1 that have    
both written great volumes of this      
subject1 satisfy these inquisitors4     
,whether the sea be open and navigable  
by the ,pole arctic1 and which is the   

likeliest way1 that of ,bartison the    
,hollander1 under the ,pole itself1     
which for some reasons ,i hold best3 or 
by ,fretum ,davis1 or ,nova ,zembla4    
,whether #cjja;,hudson's discovery be   
true of a new found ocean1 any          
likelihood of ,button's ,bay in #ej4    
degrees1 ,hubberd's ,hope in #fj4 that  
of ut ultra near ,sir ,thomas ,roe's    
welcome in ,northwest ,fox1 being that  
the sea ebbs and flows constantly there 
#ae4 foot in #ab4 hours1 as our #cjjbnew
 cards inform us that ,california is not
 a cape1 but an island1 and the west    
winds make the neap tides equal to the  
spring1 or that there be any probability
 to pass by the straits of ,anian to    
,china1 by the promontory of ,tabin4 ,if
 there be1 ,i shall soon perceive       
whether #cjjc,marcus ,polus the         
,venetian's narration be true or false1 
of that great city of ,quinsay and      
,cambalu2 whether there be any such     
places1 or that as #cjjd,matth4 ,riccius
 the ,jesuit hath written1 ,china and   

,cataia be all one1 the great ,cham of  
,tartary and the king of ,china be the  
same2 ,xuntain and ,quinsay1 and the    
city of ,cambalu be that new ,peking1 or
 such a wall #djj leagues long to part  
,china from ,tartary3 whether           
#cjje,presbyter ,john be in ,asia or    
,africa2 ,m4 ,polus ,venetus puts him in
 ,asia1 #cjjfthe most received opinion  
is1 that he is emperor of the           
,abyssines1 which of old was ,ethiopia1 
now ,nubia1 under the equator in        
,africa4 ,whether #cjjg;,guinea be an   
island or part of the continent1 or that
 hungry #cjjh,spaniard's discovery of   
,terra ,australis ,incognita1 or        
,magellanica1 be as true as that of     
,mercurius ,britannius1 or his of       
,utopia1 or his of ,lucinia4 ,and yet in
 likelihood it may be so1 for without   
all question it being extended from the 
tropic of ,capricorn to the circle      
,antarctic1 and lying as it doth in the 
temperate zone1 cannot choose but yield 
in time some flourishing kingdoms to    

succeeding ages1 as ,america did unto   
the ,spaniards4 ,shouten and ,le ,meir  
have done well in the discovery of the  
,straits of ,magellan1 in finding a more
 convenient passage to ,mare pacificum3 
methinks some of our modern argonauts   
should prosecute the rest4 ,as ,i go by 
,madagascar1 ,i would see that great    
bird #cjjiruck1 that can carry a man and
 horse or an elephant1 with that        
,arabian phoenix described by           
#cjaj;,adricomius2 see the pelicans of  
,egypt1 those ,scythian gryphes in      
,asia3 and afterwards in ,africa examine
 the fountains of ,nilus1 whether       
,herodotus1 #cjaa,seneca1 ,plin4 lib4   
#e4 cap4 #i4 ,strabo4 lib4 #e4 give a   
true cause of his annual flowing1       
#cjab,pagaphetta discourse rightly of   
it1 or of ,niger and ,senegal2 examine  
,cardan1 #cjac,scaliger's reasons1 and  
the rest4 ,is it from those ,etesian    
winds1 or melting of snow in the        
mountains under the equator 7for ,jordan
 yearly overflows when the snow melts in

 ,mount ,libanus71 or from those great  
dropping perpetual showers which are so 
frequent to the inhabitants within the  
tropics1 when the sun is vertical1 and  
cause such vast inundations in ,senegal1
 ,maragnan1 ,oronoco and the rest of    
those great rivers in ,zona ,torrida1   
which have all commonly the same        
passions at set times3 and by good      
husbandry and policy hereafter no doubt 
may come to be as populous1 as well     
tilled1 as fruitful1 as ,egypt itself or
 ,cauchinthina8 ,i would observe all    
those motions of the sea1 and from what 
cause they proceed1 from the moon 7as   
the vulgar hold7 or earth's motion1     
which ,galileus1 in the fourth dialogue 
of his system of the world1 so eagerly  
proves1 and firmly demonstrates2 or     
winds1 as #cjad some will4 ,why in that 
quiet ocean of ,zur1 in mari pacifico1  
it is scarce perceived1 in our ,british 
seas most violent1 in the ,mediterranean
 and ,red ,sea so vehement1 irregular1  
and diverse8 ,why the current in that   

,atlantic ,ocean should still be in some
 places from1 in some again towards the 
north1 and why they come sooner than go8
 and so from ,moabar to ,madagascar in  
that ,indian ,ocean1 the merchants come 
in three weeks1 as #cjae,scaliger       
discusseth1 they return scarce in three 
months1 with the same or like winds3 the
 continual current is from east to west4
 ,whether ,mount ,athos1 ,pelion1       
,olympus1 ,ossa1 ,caucasus1 ,atlas1 be  
so high as ,pliny1 ,solinus1 ,mela      
relate1 above clouds1 meteors1 ubi nec  
aurae nec venti spirant 7insomuch that  
they that ascend die suddenly very      
often1 the air is so subtile17 #abej    
paces high1 according to that measure of
 ,dicearchus1 or #gh miles              
perpendicularly high1 as ,jacobus       
,mazonius1 sec4 #c4 et #d4 expounding   
that place of ,aristotle about          
,caucasus2 and as #cjaf;,blancanus the  
,jesuit contends out of ,clavius and    
,nonius demonstrations de ,crepusculis3 
or rather #cb stadiums1 as the most     

received opinion is2 or #d miles1 which 
the height of no mountain doth          
perpendicularly exceed1 and is equal to 
the greatest depths of the sea1 which   
is1 as ,scaliger holds1 #aehj paces1    
,exer4 #ch1 others #ajj paces4 ,i would 
see those inner parts of ,america1      
whether there be any such great city of 
,manoa1 or ,eldorado1 in that golden    
empire1 where the highways are as much  
beaten 7one reports7 as between ,madrid 
and ,valadolid in ,spain2 or any such   
,amazons as he relates1 or gigantic     
,patagones in ,chica2 with that         
miraculous mountain #cjag,ybouyapab in  
the ,northern ,brazil1 cujus jugum      
sternitur in amoenissimam planitiem1 c4 
or that of ,pariacacca so high elevated 
in ,peru4 #cjah,the peak of ,tenerife   
how high it is8 #gj miles1 or #ej as    
,patricius holds1 or #i as ,snellius    
demonstrates in his ,eratosthenes3 see  
that strange #cjai;,cirknickzerksey lake
 in ,carniola1 whose waters gush so fast
 out of the ground1 that they will      

overtake a swift horseman1 and by and by
 with as incredible celerity are supped 
up3 which ,lazius and ,wernerus make an 
argument of the ,argonauts sailing under
 ground4 ,and that vast den or hole     
called #cjbj;,esmellen in ,muscovia1    
quae visitur horriendo hiatu1 c4 which  
if anything casually fall in1 makes such
 a roaring noise1 that no thunder1 or   
ordnance1 or warlike engine can make the
 like2 such another is ,gilber's ,cave  
in ,lapland1 with many the like4 ,i     
would examine the ,caspian ,sea1 and see
 where and how it exonerates itself1    
after it hath taken in ,volga1 ,jaxares1
 ,oxus1 and those great rivers2 at the  
mouth of ,oby1 or where8 ,what vent the 
,mexican lake hath1 the ,titicacan in   
,peru1 or that circular pool in the vale
 of ,terapeia1 of which ,acosta l4 #c4  
c4 #af4 hot in a cold country1 the      
spring of which boils up in the middle  
twenty foot square1 and hath no vent but
 exhalation3 and that of ,mare mortuum  
in ,palestine1 of ,thrasymene1 at       

,peruzium in ,italy3 the ,mediterranean 
itself4 ,for from the ocean1 at the     
,straits of ,gibraltar1 there is a      
perpetual current into the ,levant1 and 
so likewise by the ,thracian ,bosphorus 
out of the ,euxine or ,black ,sea1      
besides all those great rivers of ,nile1
 ,po1 ,rhone1 c4 how is this water      
consumed1 by the sun or otherwise8 ,i   
would find out with ,trajan the         
fountains of ,danube1 of ,ganges1 ,oxus1
 see those ,egyptian pyramids1 ,trajan's
 bridge1 ,grotto de ,sybilla1           
,lucullus's fishponds1 the temple of    
,nidrose1 c4 7,and1 if ,i could1 observe
 what becomes of swallows1 storks1      
cranes1 cuckoos1 nightingales1          
redstarts1 and many other kind of       
singing birds1 water-fowls1 hawks1 c4   
some of them are only seen in summer1   
some in winter2 some are observed in the
 #cjbasnow1 and at no other times1 each 
have their seasons4 ,in winter not a    
bird is in ,muscovy to be found1 but at 
the spring in an instant the woods and  

hedges are full of them1 saith          
#cjbb;,herbastein3 how comes it to pass8
 ,do they sleep in winter1 like         
,gesner's ,alpine mice2 or do they lie  
hid 7as #cjbc,olaus affirms7 in the     
bottom of lakes and rivers1 spiritum    
continentes8 often so found by fishermen
 in ,poland and ,scandia1 two together1 
mouth to mouth1 wing to wing2 and when  
the spring comes they revive again1 or  
if they be brought into a stove1 or to  
the fireside4 ,or do they follow the    
sun1 as ,peter ,martyr legat ,babylonica
 l4 #b4 manifestly convicts1 out of his 
own knowledge2 for when he was          
ambassador in ,egypt1 he saw swallows1  
,spanish kites1 #cjbd;and many such     
other ,european birds1 in ,december and 
,january very familiarly flying1 and in 
great abundance1 about ,alexandria1 ubi 
floridae tunc arbores ac viridaria4 ,or 
lie they hid in caves1 rocks1 and hollow
 trees1 as most think1 in deep tin-mines
 or sea-cliffs1 as #cjbe,mr4 ,carew     
gives out8 ,i conclude of them all1 for 

my part1 as #cjbf,munster doth of cranes
 and storks2 whence they come1 whither  
they go1 incompertum adhuc1 as yet we   
know not4 ,we see them here1 some in    
summer1 some in winter2 their coming and
 going is sure in the night3 in the     
plains of ,asia 7saith he7 the storks   
meet on such a set day1 he that comes   
last is torn in pieces1 and so they get 
them gone4 ,many strange places1        
,isthmi1 ,euripi1 ,chersonesi1 creeks1  
havens1 promontories1 straits1 ,lakes1  
baths1 rocks1 mountains1 places1 and    
fields1 where cities have been ruined or
 swallowed1 battles fought1 creatures1  
sea-monsters1 remora1 c4 minerals1      
vegetals4 ,zoophytes were fit to be     
considered in such an expedition1 and   
amongst the rest that of                
#cjbg;,harbastein his ,tartar lamb1     
#cjbh;,hector ,boethius goosebearing    
tree in the orchards1 to which ,cardan  
lib4 #g4 cap4 #cf4 de rerum varietat4   
subscribes3 #cjbi,vertomannus wonderful 
palm1 that #cjcj fly in ,hispaniola1    

that shines like a torch in the night1  
that one may well see to write2 those   
spherical stones in ,cuba which nature  
hath so made1 and those like birds1     
beasts1 fishes1 crowns1 swords1 saws1   
pots1 c4 usually found in the metal     
mines in ,saxony about ,mansfield1 and  
in ,poland near ,nokow and ,pallukie1 as
 #cjca,munster and others relate4 ,many 
rare creatures and novelties each part  
of the world affords3 amongst the rest1 
,i would know for a certain whether     
there be any such men1 as ,leo ,suavius1
 in his comment on ,paracelsus de sanit4
 tuend4 and #cjcb;,gaguinus records in  
his description of ,muscovy1 that in    
,lucomoria1 a province in ,russia1 lie  
fast asleep as dead all winter1 from the
 #bg of ,november1 like frogs and       
swallows1 benumbed with cold1 but about 
the #bd of ,april in the spring they    
revive again1 and go about their        
business4 ,i would examine that         
demonstration of ,alexander             
,picolomineus1 whether the earth's      

superficies be bigger than the seas3 or 
that of ,archimedes be true1 the        
superficies of all water is even8       
,search the depth1 and see that variety 
of sea-monsters and fishes1 mermaids1   
seamen1 horses1 c4 which it affords4 ,or
 whether that be true which ,jordanus   
,brunus scoffs at1 that if ,god did not 
detain it1 the sea would overflow the   
earth by reason of his higher site1 and 
which ,josephus ,blancanus the ,jesuit  
in his interpretation on those          
mathematical places of ,aristotle1      
foolishly fears1 and in a just tract    
proves by many circumstances1 that in   
time the sea will waste away the land1  
and all the globe of the earth shall be 
covered with waters2 risum teneatis     
amici8 what the sea takes away in one   
place it adds in another4 ,methinks he  
might rather suspect the sea should in  
time be filled by land1 trees grow up1  
carcasses1 c4 that all-devouring fire1  
omnia devorans et consumens1 will sooner
 cover and dry up the vast ocean with   

sand and ashes4 ,i would examine the    
true seat of that terrestrial           
#cjccparadise1 and where ,ophir was     
whence ,solomon did fetch his gold3 from
 ,peruana1 which some suppose1 or that  
,aurea ,chersonesus1 as ,dominicus      
,niger1 ,arias ,montanus1 ,goropius1 and
 others will4 ,i would censure all      
,pliny's1 ,solinus'1 ,strabo's1 ,sir    
,john ,mandeville's1 ,olaus ,magnus'1   
,marcus ,polus' lies1 correct those     
errors in navigation1 reform            
cosmographical charts1 and rectify      
longitudes1 if it were possible2 not by 
the compass1 as some dream1 with ,mark  
,ridley in his treatise of magnetical   
bodies1 cap4 #dc4 for as ,cabeus magnet 
philos4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #d4 fully         
resolves1 there is no hope thence1 yet  
,i would observe some better means to   
find them out4 ,i would have a          
convenient place to go down with        
,orpheus1 ,ulysses1 ,hercules1          
#cjcd,lucian's ,menippus1 at ,st4       
,patrick's purgatory1 at ,trophonius'   

den1 ,hecla in ,iceland1 ,aetna in      
,sicily1 to descend and see what is done
 in the bowels of the earth3 do stones  
and metals grow there still8 how come   
fir trees to be #cjce;digged out from   
tops of hills1 as in our mosses1 and    
marshes all over ,europe8 ,how come they
 to dig up fish bones1 shells1 beams1   
ironworks1 many fathoms under ground1   
and anchors in mountains far remote from
 all seas8 #cjcf;,anno #adfj at ,bern in
 ,switzerland #ej fathom deep a ship was
 digged out of a mountain1 where they   
got metal ore1 in which were #dh        
carcasses of men1 with other            
merchandise4 ,that such things are      
ordinarily found in tops of hills1      
,aristotle insinuates in his meteors1   
#cjcg,pomponius ,mela in his first book1
 c4 de ,numidia1 and familiarly in the  
,alps1 saith #cjch;,blancanus the       
,jesuit1 the like is to be seen3 came   
this from earthquakes1 or from ,noah's  
flood1 as ,christians suppose1 or is    
there a vicissitude of sea and land1 as 

,anaximenes held of old1 the mountains  
of ,thessaly would become seas1 and seas
 again mountains8 ,the whole world      
belike should be new moulded1 when it   
seemed good to those all-commanding     
powers1 and turned inside out1 as we do 
haycocks in harvest1 top to bottom1 or  
bottom to top3 or as we turn apples to  
the fire1 move the world upon his       
centre2 that which is under the poles   
now1 should be translated to the        
equinoctial1 and that which is under the
 torrid zone to the circle arctic and   
antarctic another while1 and so be      
reciprocally warmed by the sun3 or if   
the worlds be infinite1 and every fixed 
star a sun1 with his compassing planets 
7as ,brunus and ,campanella conclude7   
cast three or four worlds into one2 or  
else of one world make three or four    
new1 as it shall seem to them best4 ,to 
proceed1 if the earth be #ba1ejj miles  
in #cjci;compass1 its diameter is #g1jjj
 from us to our antipodes1 and what     
shall be comprehended in all that space8

 ,what is the centre of the earth8 is it
 pure element only1 as ,aristotle       
decrees1 inhabited 7as #cjdj ,paracelsus
 thinks7 with creatures1 whose chaos is 
the earth3 or with fairies1 as the woods
 and waters 7according to him7 are with 
nymphs1 or as the air with spirits8     
,dionisiodorus1 a mathematician in      
#cjda,pliny1 that sent a letter1 ad     
superos after he was dead1 from the     
centre of the earth1 to signify what    
distance the same centre was from the   
superficies of the same1 viz4 #db1jjj   
stadiums1 might have done well to have  
satisfied all these doubts4 ,or is it   
the place of hell1 as ,virgil in his    
,aenides1 ,plato1 ,lucian1 ,dante1 and  
others poetically describe it1 and as   
many of our divines think8 ,in good     
earnest1 ,anthony ,rusca1 one of the    
society of that ,ambrosian ,college1 in 
,milan1 in his great volume de ,inferno1
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #dg4 is stiff in this    
tenet1 'tis a corporeal fire tow1 cap4  
#e4 ,i4 #b4 as he there disputes4       

,whatsoever philosophers write 7saith   
#cjdb,surius7 there be certain mouths of
 hell1 and places appointed for the     
punishment of men's souls1 as at ,hecla 
in ,iceland1 where the ghosts of dead   
men are familiarly seen1 and sometimes  
talk with the living3 ,god would have   
such visible places1 that mortal men    
might be certainly informed1 that there 
be such punishments after death1 and    
learn hence to fear ,god4 ,kranzius     
,dan4 hist4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #bd4          
subscribes to this opinion of ,surius1  
so doth ,colerus cap4 #ab4 lib4 de      
immortal animae 7out of the authority   
belike of ,st4 ,gregory1 ,durand1 and   
the rest of the schoolmen1 who derive as
 much from ,aetna in ,sicily1 ,lipari1  
,hiera1 and those sulphureous vulcanian 
islands7 making ,terra del ,fuego1 and  
those frequent volcanoes in ,america1 of
 which ,acosta lib4 #c4 cap4 #bd4 that  
fearful mount ,hecklebirg in ,norway1 an
 especial argument to prove it1         
#cjdcwhere lamentable screeches and     

howlings are continually heard1 which   
strike a terror to the auditors2 fiery  
chariots are commonly seen to bring in  
the souls of men in the likeness of     
crows1 and devils ordinarily go in and  
out4 ,such another proof is that place  
near the ,pyramids in ,egypt1 by ,cairo1
 as well to confirm this as the         
resurrection1 mentioned by              
#cjdd,kornmannus mirac4 mort4 lib4 #a4  
cap4 #cj4 ,camerarius oper4 suc4 cap4   
#cg4 ,bredenbachius pereg4 ter4 sanct4  
and some others1 where once a year dead 
bodies arise about ,march1 and walk1    
after awhile hide themselves again3     
thousands of people come yearly to see  
them4 ,but these and such like          
testimonies others reject1 as fables1   
illusions of spirits1 and they will have
 no such local known place1 more than   
,styx or ,phlegethon1 ,pluto's court1 or
 that poetical ,infernus1 where ,homer's
 soul was seen hanging on a tree1 c41 to
 which they ferried over in ,charon's   
boat1 or went down at ,hermione in      

,greece1 compendiaria ad ,infernos via1 
which is the shortest cut1 quia nullum a
 mortuis naulum eo loci exposcunt1      
7saith #cjde;,gerbelius7 and besides    
there were no fees to be paid4 ,well    
then1 is it hell1 or purgatory1 as      
,bellarmine3 or ,limbus patrum1 as      
,gallucius will1 and as ,rusca will 7for
 they have made maps of it7 #cjdfor     
,ignatius parler8 ,virgil1 sometimes    
bishop of ,saltburg 7as ,aventinus anno 
#gde relates7 by ,bonifacius bishop of  
,mentz was therefore called in question1
 because he held antipodes 7which they  
made a doubt whether ,christ died for7  
and so by that means took away the seat 
of hell1 or so contracted it1 that it   
could bear no proportion to heaven1 and 
contradicted that opinion of ,austin1   
,basil1 ,lactantius that held the earth 
round as a trencher 7whom ,acosta and   
common experience more largely confute7 
but not as a ball2 and ,jerusalem where 
,christ died the middle of it2 or       
,delos1 as the fabulous ,greeks feigned3

 because when ,jupiter let two eagles   
loose1 to fly from the world's ends east
 and west1 they met at ,delos4 ,but that
 scruple of ,bonifacius is now quite    
taken away by our latter divines3       
,franciscus ,ribera1 in cap4 #ad4       
,apocalyps4 will have hell a material   
and local fire in the centre of the     
earth1 #bjj ,italian miles in diameter1 
as he defines it out of those words1    
,exivit sanguis de terra--per stadia    
mille sexcenta1 c4 ,but ,lessius lib4   
#ac4 de moribus divinis1 cap4 #bd4 will 
have this local hell far less1 one      
,dutch mile in diameter1 all filled with
 fire and brimstone3 because1 as he     
there demonstrates1 that space1         
cubically multiplied1 will make a sphere
 able to hold eight hundred thousand    
millions of damned bodies 7allowing each
 body six foot square7 which will       
abundantly suffice2 ,cum cerium sit1    
inquit1 facta subductione1 non futuros  
centies mille milliones damnandorum4    
,but if it be no material fire 7as ,sco4

 ,thomas1 ,bonaventure1 ,soncinas1      
,voscius1 and others argue7 it may be   
there or elsewhere1 as ,keckerman       
disputes ,system4 ,theol4 for sure      
somewhere it is1 certum est alicubi1    
etsi definitus circulus non assignetur4 
,i will end the controversy in          
#cjdg;,austin's words1 ,better doubt of 
things concealed1 than to contend about 
uncertainties1 where ,abraham's bosom   
is1 and hell fire3 #cjdh,vix a          
mansuetis1 a contentiosis nunquam       
invenitur2 scarce the meek1 the         
contentious shall never find4 ,if it be 
solid earth1 'tis the fountain of       
metals1 waters1 which by his innate     
temper turns air into water1 which      
springs up in several chinks1 to moisten
 the earth's superficies1 and that in a 
tenfold proportion 7as ,aristotle holds7
 or else these fountains come directly  
from the sea1 by #cjdisecret passages1  
and so made fresh again1 by running     
through the bowels of the earth2 and are
 either thick1 thin1 hot1 cold1 as the  

matter or minerals are by which they    
pass2 or as ,peter ,martyr ,ocean4      
,decad4 lib4 #i4 and some others hold1  
from #cjej abundance of rain that falls1
 or from that ambient heat and cold1    
which alters that inward heat1 and so   
per consequens the generation of waters4
 ,or else it may be full of wind1 or a  
sulphureous innate fire1 as our         
meteorologists inform us1 which         
sometimes breaking out1 causeth those   
horrible earthquakes1 which are so      
frequent in these days in ,japan1       
,china1 and oftentimes swallow up whole 
cities4 ,let ,lucian's ,menippus consult
 with or ask of ,tiresias1 if you will  
not believe philosophers1 he shall clear
 all your doubts when he makes a second 
voyage4 ,in the mean time let us        
consider of that which is sub dio1 and  
find out a true cause1 if it be         
possible1 of such accidents1 meteors1   
alterations1 as happen above ground4    
,whence proceed that variety of manners1
 and a distinct character 7as it were7  

to several nations8 ,some are wise1     
subtile1 witty2 others dull1 sad and    
heavy2 some big1 some little1 as ,tully 
de ,fato1 ,plato in ,timaeo1 ,vegetius  
and ,bodine prove at large1 method4 cap4
 #e4 some soft1 and some hardy1         
barbarous1 civil1 black1 dun1 white1 is 
it from the air1 from the soil1         
influence of stars1 or some other secret
 cause8 ,why doth ,africa breed so many 
venomous beasts1 ,ireland none8 ,athens 
owls1 ,crete none8 #cjea,why hath       
,daulis and ,thebes no swallows 7so     
,pausanius informeth us7 as well as the 
rest of ,greece1 #cjeb;,ithaca no hares1
 ,pontus asses1 ,scythia swine8 whence  
comes this variety of complexions1      
colours1 plants1 birds1 beasts1         
#cjecmetals1 peculiar almost to every   
place8 ,why so many thousand strange    
birds and beasts proper to ,america     
alone1 as ,acosta demands lib4 #d4 cap4 
#cf4 were they created in the six days1 
or ever in ,noah's ark8 if there1 why   
are they not dispersed and found in     

other countries8 ,it is a thing 7saith  
he7 hath long held me in suspense2 no   
,greek1 ,latin1 ,hebrew ever heard of   
them before1 and yet as differing from  
our ,european animals1 as an egg and a  
chestnut3 and which is more1 kine1      
horses1 sheep1 c41 till the ,spaniards  
brought them1 were never heard of in    
those parts8 ,how comes it to pass1 that
 in the same site1 in one latitude1 to  
such as are ,perioeci1 there should be  
such difference of soil1 complexion1    
colour1 metal1 air1 c4 ,the ,spaniards  
are white1 and so are ,italians1 when as
 the inhabitants about #cjed;,caput     
bonae spei are blackamoors1 and yet both
 alike distant from the equator3 nay    
they that dwell in the same parallel    
line with these ,negroes1 as about the  
,straits of ,magellan1 are white        
coloured1 and yet some in ,presbyter    
,john's country in ,ethiopia are dun2   
they in ,zeilan and ,malabar parallel   
with them again black3 ,manamotapa in   
,africa1 and ,st4 ,thomas ,isle are     

extreme hot1 both under the line1 coal  
black their inhabitants1 whereas in     
,peru they are quite opposite in colour1
 very temperate1 or rather cold1 and yet
 both alike elevated4 ,moscow in #ec4   
degrees of latitude extreme cold1 as    
those northern countries usually are1   
having one perpetual hard frost all     
winter long2 and in #eb4 deg4 lat4      
sometimes hard frost and snow all       
summer1 as ,button's ,bay1 c41 or by    
fits2 and yet #cjee;,england near the   
same latitude1 and ,ireland1 very moist1
 warm1 and more temperate in winter than
 ,spain1 ,italy1 or ,france4 ,is it the 
sea that causeth this difference1 and   
the air that comes from it3 ,why then is
 #cjef;,ister so cold near the ,euxine1 
,pontus1 ,bithynia1 and all ,thrace2    
frigidas regiones ,maginus calls them1  
and yet their latitude is but #db4 which
 should be hot3 #cjeg ,quevira1 or ,nova
 ,albion in ,america1 bordering on the  
sea1 was so cold in ,july1 that our     
#cjeh;,englishmen could hardly endure   

it4 ,at ,noremberga in #de4 lat4 all the
 sea is frozen ice1 and yet in a more   
southern latitude than ours4 ,new       
,england1 and the island of ,cambrial   
,colchos1 which that noble gentleman    
,mr4 ,vaughan1 or ,orpheus junior1      
describes in his ,golden ,fleece1 is in 
the same latitude with little ,britain  
in ,france1 and yet their winter begins 
not till ,january1 their spring till    
,may2 which search he accounts worthy of
 an astrologer3 is this from the        
easterly winds1 or melting of ice and   
snow dissolved within the circle arctic2
 or that the air being thick1 is longer 
before it be warm by the sunbeams1 and  
once heated like an oven will keep      
itself from cold8 ,our climes breed     
lice1 #cjei ,hungary and ,ireland male  
audiunt in this kind2 come to the       
,azores1 by a secret virtue of that air 
they are instantly consumed1 and all our
 ,european vermin almost1 saith         
,ortelius4 ,egypt is watered with ,nilus
 not far from the sea1 and yet there it 

seldom or never rains3 ,rhodes1 an      
island of the same nature1 yields not a 
cloud1 and yet our islands ever dropping
 and inclining to rain4 ,the ,atlantic  
,ocean is still subject to storms1 but  
in ,del ,zur1 or ,mare pacifico1 seldom 
or never any4 ,is it from tropic stars1 
apertio portarum1 in the dodecotemories 
or constellations1 the moon's mansions1 
such aspects of planets1 such winds1 or 
dissolving air1 or thick air1 which     
causeth this and the like differences of
 heat and cold8 ,bodin relates of a     
,portugal ambassador1 that coming from  
#cjfj,lisbon to #cjfa;,danzig in        
,spruce1 found greater heat there than  
at any time at home4 ,don ,garcia de    
,sylva1 legate to ,philip ,,iii41 king  
of ,spain1 residing at ,ispahan in      
,persia1 #afai1 in his letter to the    
,marquess of ,bedmar1 makes mention of  
greater cold in ,ispahan1 whose lat4 is 
#ca4 gr4 than ever he felt in ,spain1 or
 any part of ,europe4 ,the torrid zone  
was by our predecessors held to be      

uninhabitable1 but by our modern        
travellers found to be most temperate1  
bedewed with frequent rains1 and        
moistening showers1 the breeze and      
cooling blasts in some parts1 as        
#cjfb;,acosta describes1 most pleasant  
and fertile4 ,arica in ,chile is by     
report one of the sweetest places that  
ever the sun shined on1 ,olympus terrae1
 a heaven on earth3 how incomparably do 
some extol ,mexico in ,nova ,hispania1  
,peru1 ,brazil1 c41 in some again hard1 
dry1 sandy1 barren1 a very desert1 and  
still in the same latitude4 ,many times 
we find great diversity of air in the   
same #cjfc;country1 by reason of the    
site to seas1 hills or dales1 want of   
water1 nature of soil1 and the like3 as 
in ,spain ,arragon is aspera et sicca1  
harsh and evil inhabited2 ,estremadura  
is dry1 sandy1 barren most part1 extreme
 hot by reason of his plains2 ,andalusia
 another paradise2 ,valencia a most     
pleasant air1 and continually green2 so 
is it about #cjfd;,granada1 on the one  

side fertile plains1 on the other1      
continual snow to be seen all summer    
long on the hill tops4 ,that their      
houses in the ,alps are three quarters  
of the year covered with snow1 who knows
 not8 ,that ,tenerife is so cold at the 
top1 extreme hot at the bottom3 ,mons   
,atlas in ,africa1 ,libanus in          
,palestine1 with many such1 tantos inter
 ardores fidos nivibus1 #cjfe,tacitus   
calls them1 and ,radzivilus epist4 #b4  
fol4 #bg4 yields it to be far hotter    
there than in any part of ,italy3 'tis  
true2 but they are highly elevated1 near
 the middle region1 and therefore cold1 
ob paucam solarium radiorum             
refractionem1 as ,serrarius answers1    
com4 in4 #c4 cap4 ,josua quaest4 #e4    
,abulensis quaest4 #cg4 ,in the heat of 
summer1 in the king's palace in         
,escurial1 the air is most temperate1 by
 reason of a cold blast which comes from
 the snowy mountains of ,sierra de      
,cadarama hard by1 when as in ,toledo it
 is very hot3 so in all other countries4

 ,the causes of these alterations are   
commonly by reason of their nearness 7,i
 say7 to the middle region2 but this    
diversity of air1 in places equally     
situated1 elevated and distant from the 
pole1 can hardly be satisfied with that 
diversity of plants1 birds1 beasts1     
which is so familiar with us3 with      
,indians1 everywhere1 the sun is equally
 distant1 the same vertical stars1 the  
same irradiations of planets1 aspects   
like1 the same nearness of seas1 the    
same superficies1 the same soil1 or not 
much different4 ,under the equator      
itself1 amongst the ,sierras1 ,andes1   
,lanos1 as ,herrera1 ,laet1 and         
#cjff;,acosta contend1 there is tam     
mirabilis et inopinata varietas1 such   
variety of weather1 ut merito exerceat  
ingenia1 that no philosophy can yet find
 out the true cause of it4 ,when ,i     
consider how temperate it is in one     
place1 saith #cjfg;,acosta1 within the  
tropic of ,capricorn1 as about ,laplata1
 and yet hard by at ,potosi1 in that    

same altitude1 mountainous alike1       
extreme cold2 extreme hot in ,brazil1 c4
 ,hic ego1 saith ,acosta1 philosophiam  
,aristotelis meteorologicam vehementer  
irrisi1 cum1 c41 when the sun comes     
nearest to them1 they have great        
tempests1 storms1 thunder and lightning1
 great store of rain1 snow1 and the     
foulest weather3 when the sun is        
vertical1 their rivers overflow1 the    
morning fair and hot1 noonday cold and  
moist3 all which is opposite to us4 ,how
 comes it to pass8 ,scaliger poetices l4
 #c4 c4 #af4 discourseth thus of this   
subject4 ,how comes1 or wherefore is    
this temeraria siderum dispositio1 this 
rash placing of stars1 or as ,epicurus  
will1 fortuita1 or accidental8 ,why are 
some big1 some little1 why are they so  
confusedly1 unequally situated in the   
heavens1 and set so much out of order8  
,in all other things nature is equal1   
proportionable1 and constant2 there be  
justae dimensiones1 et prudens partium  
dispositio1 as in the fabric of man1 his

 eyes1 ears1 nose1 face1 members are    
correspondent1 cur non idem coelo opere 
omnium pulcherrimo8 ,why are the heavens
 so irregular1 neque paribus molibus1   
neque paribus intervallis1 whence is    
this difference8 ,diversos 7he          
concludes7 efficere locorum ,genios1 to 
make diversity of countries1 soils1     
manners1 customs1 characters1 and       
constitutions among us1 ut quantum      
vicinia ad charitatem addat1 sidera     
distrahant ad perniciem1 and so by this 
means fluvio vel monte distincti sunt   
dissimiles1 the same places almost shall
 be distinguished in manners4 ,but this 
reason is weak and most insufficient4   
,the fixed stars are removed since      
,ptolemy's time #bf4 gr4 from the first 
of ,aries1 and if the earth be          
immovable1 as their site varies1 so     
should countries vary1 and diverse      
alterations would follow4 ,but this we  
perceive not2 as in ,tully's time with  
us in ,britain1 coelum visu foedum1 et  
in quo facile generantur nubes1 c41 'tis

 so still4 ,wherefore ,bodine ,theat4   
nat4 lib4 #b4 and some others1 will have
 all these alterations and effects      
immediately to proceed from those genii1
 spirits1 angels1 which rule and        
domineer in several places2 they cause  
storms1 thunder1 lightning1 earthquakes1
 ruins1 tempests1 great winds1 floods1  
c41 the philosophers of ,conimbra1 will 
refer this diversity to the influence of
 that empyrean heaven3 for some say the 
eccentricity of the sun is come nearer  
to the earth than in ,ptolemy's time1   
the virtue therefore of all the vegetals
 is decayed1 #cjfhmen grow less1 c4     
,there are that observe new motions of  
the heavens1 new stars1 palantia sidera1
 comets1 clouds1 call them what you     
will1 like those ,medicean1 ,burbonian1 
,austrian planets1 lately detected1     
which do not decay1 but come and go1    
rise higher and lower1 hide and show    
themselves amongst the fixed stars1     
amongst the planets1 above and beneath  
the moon1 at set times1 now nearer1 now 

farther off1 together1 asunder2 as he   
that plays upon a sackbut by pulling it 
up and down alters his tones and tunes1 
do they their stations and places1      
though to us undiscerned2 and from those
 motions proceed 7as they conceive7     
diverse alterations4 ,clavius           
conjectures otherwise1 but they be but  
conjectures4 ,about ,damascus in        
,coeli-,syria is a #cjfi,paradise1 by   
reason of the plenty of waters1 in      
promptu causa est1 and the deserts of   
,arabia barren1 because of rocks1       
rolling seas of sands1 and dry mountains
 quod inaquosa 7saith ,adricomius7      
montes habens asperos1 saxosos1         
praecipites1 horroris et mortis speciem 
prae se ferentes1 uninhabitable         
therefore of men1 birds1 beasts1 void of
 all green trees1 plants1 and fruits1 a 
vast rocky horrid wilderness1 which by  
no art can be manured1 'tis evident4    
,bohemia is cold1 for that it lies all  
along to the north4 ,but why should it  
be so hot in ,egypt1 or there never     

rain8 ,why should those #cjgj;etesian   
and northeastern winds blow continually 
and constantly so long together1 in some
 places1 at set times1 one way still1 in
 the dog-days only3 here perpetual      
drought1 there dropping showers2 here   
foggy mists1 there a pleasant air2 here 
#cjgaterrible thunder and lightning at  
such set seasons1 here frozen seas all  
the year1 there open in the same        
latitude1 to the rest no such thing1 nay
 quite opposite is to be found8         
,sometimes 7as in #cjgb,peru7 on the one
 side of the mountains it is hot1 on the
 other cold1 here snow1 there wind1 with
 infinite such4 ,fromundus in his       
,meteors will excuse or solve all this  
by the sun's motion1 but when there is  
such diversity to such as ,perioeci or  
very near site1 how can that position   
hold8 ,who can give a reason of this    
diversity of meteors1 that it should    
rain #cjgcstones1 frogs1 mice1 c4 ,rats1
 which they call lemmer in ,norway1 and 
are manifestly observed 7as             

#cjgd,munster writes7 by the            
inhabitants1 to descend and fall with   
some feculent showers1 and like so many 
locusts1 consume all that is green4 ,leo
 ,afer speaks as much of locusts1 about 
,fez in ,barbary there be infinite      
swarms in their fields upon a sudden3 so
 at ,aries in ,france1 #aeec1 the like  
happened by the same mischief1 all their
 grass and fruits were devoured1 magna  
incolarum admiratione et consternatione 
7as ,valleriola obser4 med4 lib4 #a4    
obser4 #a4 relates7 coelum subito       
obumbrabant1 c4 he concludes1 #cjge;it  
could not be from natural causes1 they  
cannot imagine whence they come1 but    
from heaven4 ,are these and such        
creatures1 corn1 wood1 stones1 worms1   
wool1 blood1 c4 lifted up into the      
middle region by the sunbeams1 as       
#cjgf;,baracellus the physician         
disputes1 and thence let fall with      
showers1 or there engendered8           
#cjgg;,cornelius ,gemma is of that      
opinion1 they are there conceived by    

celestial influences3 others suppose    
they are immediately from ,god1 or      
prodigies raised by art and illusions of
 spirits1 which are princes of the air2 
to whom ,bodin4 lib4 #b4 ,theat4 ,nat4  
subscribes4 ,in fine1 of meteors in     
general1 ,aristotle's reasons are       
exploded by ,bernardinus ,telesius1 by  
,paracelsus his principles confuted1 and
 other causes assigned1 sal1 sulphur1   
mercury1 in which his disciples are so  
expert1 that they can alter elements1   
and separate at their pleasure1 make    
perpetual motions1 not as ,cardan1      
,tasneir1 ,peregrinus1 by some          
magnetical virtue1 but by mixture of    
elements2 imitate thunder1 like         
,salmoneus1 snow1 hail1 the sea's ebbing
 and flowing1 give life to creatures 7as
 they say7 without generation1 and what 
not8 ,p4 ,nonius ,saluciensis and       
,kepler take upon them to demonstrate   
that no meteors1 clouds1 fogs1          
#cjghvapours1 arise higher than fifty or
 eighty miles1 and all the rest to be   

purer air or element of fire3 which     
#cjgi;,cardan1 #cjhj,tycho1 and         
#cjha;,john ,pena manifestly confute by 
refractions1 and many other arguments1  
there is no such element of fire at all4
 ,if1 as ,tycho proves1 the moon be     
distant from us fifty and sixty         
semi-diameters of the earth3 and as     
,peter ,nonius will have it1 the air be 
so angust1 what proportion is there     
betwixt the other three elements and it8
 ,to what use serves it8 ,is it full of 
spirits which inhabit it1 as the        
,paracelsians and ,platonists hold1 the 
higher the more noble1 #cjhb;full of    
birds1 or a mere vacuum to no purpose8  
,it is much controverted between ,tycho 
,brahe and ,christopher ,rotman1 the    
landgrave of ,hesse's mathematician1 in 
their astronomical epistles1 whether it 
be the same ,diaphanum clearness1 matter
 of air and heavens1 or two distinct    
essences8 ,christopher ,rotman1 ,john   
,pena1 ,jordanus ,brunus1 with many     
other late mathematicians1 contend it is

 the same and one matter throughout1    
saving that the higher still the purer  
it is1 and more subtile2 as they find by
 experience in the top of some hills in 
#cjhc;,america2 if a man ascend1 he     
faints instantly for want of thicker air
 to refrigerate the heart4 ,acosta1 l4  
#c4 c4 #i4 calls this mountain          
,periacaca in ,peru2 it makes men cast  
and vomit1 he saith1 that climb it1 as  
some other of those ,andes do in the    
deserts of ,chile for five hundred miles
 together1 and for extremity of cold to 
lose their fingers and toes4 ,tycho will
 have two distinct matters of heaven and
 air2 but to say truth1 with some small 
qualification1 they have one and the    
self-same opinion about the essence and 
matter of heavens2 that it is not hard  
and impenetrable1 as peripatetics hold1 
transparent1 of a quinta essentia1      
#cjhd;but that it is penetrable and soft
 as the air itself is1 and that the     
planets move in it1 as birds in the air1
 fishes in the sea4 ,this they prove by 

motion of comets1 and otherwise 7though 
,claremontius in his ,antitycho stiffly 
opposes71 which are not generated1 as   
,aristotle teacheth1 in the aerial      
region1 of a hot and dry exhalation1 and
 so consumed3 but as ,anaxagoras and    
,democritus held of old1 of a celestial 
matter3 and as #cjhe ,tycho1            
#cjhf;,eliseus1 ,roeslin1 ,thaddeus1    
,haggesius1 ,pena1 ,rotman1             
,fracastorius1 demonstrate by their     
progress1 parallaxes1 refractions1      
motions of the planets1 which interfere 
and cut one another's orbs1 now higher1 
and then lower1 as  amongst the rest1   
which sometimes1 as #cjhg,kepler        
confirms by his own1 and ,tycho's       
accurate observations1 comes nearer the 
earth than the  and is again eftsoons   
aloft in ,jupiter's orb2 and #cjhhother 
sufficient reasons1 far above the moon3 
exploding in the meantime that element  
of fire1 those fictitious first watery  
movers1 those heavens ,i mean above the 
firmament1 which ,delrio1 ,lodovicus    

,imola1 ,patricius1 and many of the     
fathers affirm2 those monstrous orbs of 
eccentrics1 and ,eccentre ,epicycles    
deserentes4 ,which howsoever ,ptolemy1  
,alhasen1 ,vitellio1 ,purbachius1       
,maginus1 ,clavius1 and many of their   
associates1 stiffly maintain to be real 
orbs1 eccentric1 concentric1 circles    
aequant1 c4 are absurd and ridiculous4  
,for who is so mad to think that there  
should be so many circles1 like         
subordinate wheels in a clock1 all      
impenetrable and hard1 as they feign1   
add and subtract at their pleasure4     
#cjhi,maginus makes eleven heavens1     
subdivided into their orbs and circles1 
and all too little to serve those       
particular appearances3 ,fracastorius1  
seventy-two homocentrics2 ,tycho ,brahe1
 ,nicholas ,ramerus1 ,heliseus ,roeslin1
 have peculiar hypotheses of their own  
inventions2 and they be but inventions1 
as most of them acknowledge1 as we admit
 of equators1 tropics1 colures1 circles 
arctic and antarctic1 for doctrine's    

sake 7though ,ramus thinks them all     
unnecessary71 they will have them       
supposed only for method and order4     
,tycho hath feigned ,i know not how many
 subdivisions of epicycles in epicycles1
 c41 to calculate and express the moon's
 motion3 but when all is done1 as a     
supposition1 and no otherwise2 not 7as  
he holds7 hard1 impenetrable1 subtile1  
transparent1 c41 or making music1 as    
,pythagoras maintained of old1 and      
,robert ,constantine of late1 but still1
 quiet1 liquid1 open1 c4 ,if the heavens
 then be penetrable1 as these men       
deliver1 and no lets1 it were not amiss 
in this aerial progress1 to make wings  
and fly up1 which that ,turk in         
,busbequius made his fellow-citizens in 
,constantinople believe he would        
perform3 and some new-fangled wits1     
methinks1 should some time or other find
 out3 or if that may not be1 yet with a 
,galileo's glass1 or ,icaromenippus'    
wings in ,lucian1 command the spheres   
and heavens1 and see what is done       

amongst them4 ,whether there be         
generation and corruption1 as some      
think1 by reason of ethereal comets1    
that in ,cassiopea1 #aegb1 that in      
,cygno1 #afjj1 that in ,sagittarius1    
#afjd1 and many like1 which by no means 
,jul4 ,caesar la ,galla1 that ,italian  
philosopher1 in his physical disputation
 with ,galileis de phenomenis in orbe   
lunae1 cap4 #i4 will admit3 or that they
 were created ab initio1 and show       
themselves at set times4 and as         
#cjij;,helisaeus ,roeslin contends1 have
 poles1 axle-trees1 circles of their    
own1 and regular motions4 ,for1 non     
pereunt1 sed minuuntur et disparent1    
#cjia;,blancanus holds they come and go 
by fits1 casting their tails still from 
the sun3 some of them1 as a             
burning-glass1 projects the sunbeams    
from it2 though not always neither3 for 
sometimes a comet casts his tail from   
,venus1 as ,tycho observes4 ,and as     
#cjib;,helisaeus ,roeslin of some       
others1 from the moon1 with little stars

 about them ad stuporem astronomorum2   
cum multis aliis in coelo miraculis1 all
 which argue with those ,medicean1      
,austrian1 and ,burbonian stars1 that   
the heaven of the planets is indistinct1
 pure1 and open1 in which the planets   
move certis legibus ac metis4 ,examine  
likewise1 ,an coelum sit coloratum8     
,whether the stars be of that bigness1  
distance1 as astronomers relate1 so many
 in #cjicnumber1 #ajbf1 or #agbe1 as ,j4
 ,bayerus2 or as some ,rabbins1 #bi1jjj 
myriads2 or as ,galileo discovers by his
 glasses1 infinite1 and that via lactea1
 a confused light of small stars1 like  
so many nails in a door3 or all in a    
row1 like those #ab1jjj isles of the    
,maldives in the ,indian ocean8 ,whether
 the least visible star in the eighth   
sphere be eighteen times bigger than the
 earth2 and as ,tycho calculates1       
#ad1jjj semi-diameters distant from it8 
,whether they be thicker parts of the   
orbs1 as ,aristotle delivers3 or so many
 habitable worlds1 as ,democritus8      

,whether they have light of their own1  
or from the sun1 or give light round1 as
 ,patritius discourseth8 ,an aeque      
distent a centra mundi8 ,whether light  
be of their essence2 and that light be a
 substance or an accident8 ,whether they
 be hot by themselves1 or by accident   
cause heat8 ,whether there be such a    
precession of the equinoxes as          
,copernicus holds1 or that the eighth   
sphere move8 ,an bene philosophentur1   
,r4 ,bacon and ,j4 ,dee1 ,aphorism4 de  
multiplicatione specierum8 ,whether     
there be any such images ascending with 
each degree of the zodiac in the east1  
as ,aliacensis feigns8 ,an aqua super   
coelum8 as ,patritius and the schoolmen 
will1 a crystalline #cjidwatery heaven1 
which is #cjie certainly to be          
understood of that in the middle region8
 for otherwise1 if at ,noah's flood the 
water came from thence1 it must be above
 a hundred years falling down to us1 as 
#cjifsome calculate4 ,besides1 ,an terra
 sit animata8 which some so confidently 

believe1 with ,orpheus1 ,hermes1        
,averroes1 from which all other souls of
 men1 beasts1 devils1 plants1 fishes1 c4
 are derived1 and into which again1     
after some revolutions1 as ,plato in his
 ,timaeus1 ,plotinus in his ,enneades   
more largely discuss1 they return 7see  
,chalcidius and ,bennius1 ,plato's      
commentators71 as all philosophical     
matter1 in materiam primam4 ,keplerus1  
,patritius1 and some other ,neoterics1  
have in part revived this opinion4 ,and 
that every star in heaven hath a soul1  
angel or intelligence to animate or move
 it1 c4 ,or to omit all smaller         
controversies1 as matters of less       
moment1 and examine that main paradox1  
of the earth's motion1 now so much in   
question3 ,aristarchus ,samius1         
,pythagoras maintained it of old1       
,democritus and many of their scholars1 
,didacus ,astunica1 ,anthony            
,fascarinus1 a ,carmelite1 and some     
other commentators1 will have ,job to   
insinuate as much1 cap4 #i4 ver4 #d4    

,qui commovet terram de loco suo1 c41   
and that this one place of scripture    
makes more for the earth's motion than  
all the other prove against it2 whom    
,pineda confutes most contradict4       
,howsoever1 it is revived since by      
,copernicus1 not as a truth1 but a      
supposition1 as he himself confesseth in
 the preface to pope ,nicholas1 but now 
maintained in good earnest by #cjig     
,calcagninus1 ,telesius1 ,kepler1       
,rotman1 ,gilbert1 ,digges1 ,galileo1   
,campanella1 and especially by          
#cjih,lansbergius1 naturae1 rationi1 et 
veritati consentaneum1 by ,origanus1 and
 some #cjiiothers of his followers4 ,for
 if the earth be the centre of the      
world1 stand still1 and the heavens     
move1 as the most received #cajjopinion 
is1 which they call inordinatam coeli   
dispositionem1 though stiffly maintained
 by ,tycho1 ,ptolemeus1 and their       
adherents1 quis ille furor8 c4 what fury
 is that1 saith #caja;,dr4 ,gilbert1    
satis animose1 as ,cabeus notes1 that   

shall drive the heavens about with such 
incomprehensible celerity in twenty-four
 hours1 when as every point of the      
firmament1 and in the equator1 must     
needs move 7so #cajb;,clavius           
calculates7 #agf1ffj in one #bdfth part 
of an hour1 and an arrow out of a bow   
must go seven times about the earth1    
whilst a man can say an ,ave ,maria1 if 
it keep the same space1 or compass the  
earth #ahhd times in an hour1 which is  
supra humanam cogitationem1 beyond human
 conceit3 ocyor et jaculo1 et ventos1   
aequante sagitta4 ,a man could not ride 
so much ground1 going #dj miles a day1  
in #bijd years1 as the firmament goes in
 #bc hours3 or so much in #bjc years1 as
 the firmament in one minute3 quod      
incredibile videtur3 and the            
#cajcpole-star1 which to our thinking   
scarce moveth out of his place1 goeth a 
bigger circuit than the sun1 whose      
diameter is much larger than the        
diameter of the heaven of the sun1 and  
#bj1jjj semi-diameters of the earth from

 us1 with the rest of the fixed stars1  
as ,tycho proves4 ,to avoid therefore   
these impossibilities1 they ascribe a   
triple motion to the earth1 the sun     
immovable in the centre of the whole    
world1 the earth centre of the moon1    
alone1 above  and 1 beneath 1 1  7or as 
#cajd,origanus and others will1 one     
single motion to the earth1 still placed
 in the centre of the world1 which is   
more probable7 a single motion to the   
firmament1 which moves in #cj or #bf    
thousand years2 and so the planets1     
,saturn in #cj years absolves his sole  
and proper motion1 ,jupiter in #ab1     
,mars in #c1 c4 and so solve all        
appearances better than any way         
whatsoever3 calculate all motions1 be   
they in longum or latum1 direct1        
stationary1 retrograde1 ascent or       
descent1 without epicycles1 intricate   
eccentrics1 c4 rectius commodiusque per 
unicum motum terrae1 saith ,lansbergius1
 much more certain than by those        
,alphonsine1 or any such tables1 which  

are grounded from those other           
suppositions4 ,and 'tis true they say1  
according to optic principles1 the      
visible appearances of the planets do so
 indeed answer to their magnitudes and  
orbs1 and come nearest to mathematical  
observations and precedent calculations1
 there is no repugnancy to physical     
axioms1 because no penetration of orbs2 
but then between the sphere of ,saturn  
and the firmament1 there is such an     
incredible and vast #cajespace or       
distance 7#g1jjj1jjj semi-diameters of  
the earth1 as ,tycho calculates7 void of
 stars3 and besides1 they do so enhance 
the bigness of the stars1 enlarge their 
circuit1 to solve those ordinary        
objections of parallaxes and            
retrogradations of the fixed stars1 that
 alteration of the poles1 elevation in  
several places or latitude of cities    
here on earth 7for1 say they1 if a man's
 eye were in the firmament1 he should   
not at all discern that great annual    
motion of the earth1 but it would still 

appear punctum indivisibile and seem to 
be fixed in one place1 of the same      
bigness7 that it is quite opposite to   
reason1 to natural philosophy1 and all  
out as absurd as disproportional 7so    
some will7 as prodigious1 as that of the
 sun's swift motion of heavens4 ,but hoc
 posito1 to grant this their tenet of   
the earth's motion3 if the earth move1  
it is a planet1 and shines to them in   
the moon1 and to the other planetary    
inhabitants1 as the moon and they do to 
us upon the earth3 but shine she doth1  
as ,galileo1 #cajf ,kepler1 and others  
prove1 and then per consequens1 the rest
 of the planets are inhabited1 as well  
as the moon1 which he grants in his     
dissertation with ,galileo's ,nuncius   
,sidereus1 #cajgthat there be ,jovial   
and ,saturn inhabitants1 c41 and those  
several planets have their several moons
 about them1 as the earth hath hers1 as 
,galileo hath already evinced by his    
glasses3 #cajh;four about ,jupiter1 two 
about ,saturn 7though ,sitius the       

,florentine1 ,fortunius ,licetus1 and   
,jul4 ,caesar le ,galla cavil at it7 yet
 ,kepler1 the emperor's mathematician1  
confirms out of his experience1 that he 
saw as much by the same help1 and more  
about ,mars1 ,venus1 and the rest they  
hope to find out1 peradventure even     
amongst the fixed stars1 which ,brunus  
and ,brutius have already averred4 ,then
 7,i say7 the earth and they be planets 
alike1 moved about the sun1 the common  
centre of the world alike1 and it may be
 those two green children which #caji   
,nubrigensis speaks of in his time1 that
 fell from heaven1 came from thence2 and
 that famous stone that fell from heaven
 in ,aristotle's time1 olymp4 #hd1 anno 
tertio1 ad ,capuas ,fluenta1 recorded by
 ,laertius and others1 or ,ancile or    
buckler in ,numa's time1 recorded by    
,festus4 ,we may likewise insert with   
,campanella and ,brunus1 that which     
,pythagoras1 ,aristarchus1 ,samius1     
,heraclitus1 ,epicurus1 ,melissus1      
,democritus1 ,leucippus maintained in   

their ages1 there be #caaj;infinite     
worlds1 and infinite earths or systems1 
in infinito aethere1 which              
#caaa;,eusebius collects out of their   
tenets1 because infinite stars and      
planets like unto this of ours1 which   
some stick not still to maintain and    
publicly defend1 sperabundus expecto    
innumerabilium mundorum in aeternitate  
per ambulationem1 c4 7,nic4 ,hill4      
,londinensis philos4 ,epicur47 ,for if  
the firmament be of such an incomparable
 bigness1 as these ,copernical giants   
will have it1 infinitum1 aut infinito   
proximum1 so vast and full of           
innumerable stars1 as being infinite in 
extent1 one above another1 some higher1 
some lower1 some nearer1 some farther   
off1 and so far asunder1 and those so   
huge and great1 insomuch that if the    
whole sphere of ,saturn1 and all that is
 included in it1 totum aggregatum 7as   
,fromundus of ,louvain in his tract1 de 
immobilitate terrae argues7 evehatur    
inter stellas1 videri a nobis non       

poterat1 tam immanis est distantia inter
 tellurem et fixas1 sed instar puncti1  
c4 ,if our world be small in respect1   
why may we not suppose a plurality of   
worlds1 those infinite stars visible in 
the firmament to be so many suns1 with  
particular fixed centres2 to have       
likewise their subordinate planets1 as  
the sun hath his dancing still round    
him8 which ,cardinal ,cusanus1          
,walkarinus1 ,brunus1 and some others   
have held1 and some still maintain1     
,animae1 ,aristotelismo innutritae1 et  
minutis speculationibus assuetae1 secus 
forsan1 c4 ,though they seem close to   
us1 they are infinitely distant1 and so 
per consequens1 there are infinite      
habitable worlds3 what hinders8 ,why    
should not an infinite cause 7as ,god   
is7 produce infinite effects8 as ,nic4  
,hill4 ,democrit4 philos4 disputes3     
,kepler 7,i confess7 will by no means   
admit of ,brunus's infinite worlds1 or  
that the fixed stars should be so many  
suns1 with their compassing planets1 yet

 the said #caab,kepler between jest and 
earnest in his perspectives1 lunar      
geography1 #caac  somnio suo1 dissertat4
 cum nunc4 sider4 seems in part to agree
 with this1 and partly to contradict2   
for the planets1 he yields them to be   
inhabited1 he doubts of the stars2 and  
so doth ,tycho in his astronomical      
epistles1 out of a consideration of     
their vastity and greatness1 break out  
into some such like speeches1 that he   
will never believe those great and huge 
bodies were made to no other use than   
this that we perceive1 to illuminate the
 earth1 a point insensible in respect of
 the whole4 ,but who shall dwell in     
these vast bodies1 earths1 worlds1 #caad
 if they be inhabited8 rational         
creatures8 as ,kepler demands1 or have  
they souls to be saved8 or do they      
inhabit a better part of the world than 
we do8 ,are we or they lords of the     
world8 ,and how are all things made for 
man8 ,difficile est nodum hunc expedire1
 eo quod nondum omnia quae huc pertinent

 explorata habemus3 'tis hard to        
determine3 this only he proves1 that we 
are in praecipuo mundi sinu1 in the best
 place1 best world1 nearest the heart of
 the sun4 #caae,thomas ,campanella1 a   
,calabrian monk1 in his second book de  
sensu rerum1 cap4 #d1 subscribes to this
 of ,kepler2 that they are inhabited he 
certainly supposeth1 but with what kind 
of creatures he cannot say1 he labours  
to prove it by all means3 and that there
 are infinite worlds1 having made an    
apology for ,galileo1 and dedicates this
 tenet of his to ,cardinal ,cajetanus4  
,others freely speak1 mutter1 and would 
persuade the world 7as #caaf,marinus    
,marcenus complains7 that our modern    
divines are too severe and rigid against
 mathematicians2 ignorant and peevish1  
in not admitting their true             
demonstrations and certain observations1
 that they tyrannise over art1 science1 
and all philosophy1 in suppressing their
 labours 7saith ,pomponatius71          
forbidding them to write1 to speak a    

truth1 all to maintain their            
superstition1 and for their profit's    
sake4 ,as for those places of ,scripture
 which oppugn it1 they will have spoken 
ad captum vulgi1 and if rightly         
understood1 and favourably interpreted1 
not at all against it2 and as ,otho     
,gasman1 ,astrol4 cap4 #a4 part4 #a4    
notes1 many great divines1 besides      
,porphyrius1 ,proclus1 ,simplicius1 and 
those heathen philosophers1 doctrina et 
aetate venerandi1 ,mosis ,genesin       
mundanam popularis nescio cujus         
ruditatis1 quae longa absit a vera      
,philosophorum eruditione1 insimulant3  
for ,moses makes mention but of two     
planets1  and 1 no four elements1 c4    
,read more on him1 in #caag;,grossius   
and ,junius4 ,but to proceed1 these and 
such like insolent and bold attempts1   
prodigious paradoxes1 inferences must   
needs follow1 if it once be granted1    
which ,rotman1 ,kepler1 ,gilbert1       
,diggeus1 ,origanus1 ,galileo1 and      
others1 maintain of the earth's motion1 

that 'tis a planet1 and shines as the   
moon doth1 which contains in it         
#caah;both land and sea as the moon     
doth3 for so they find by their glasses 
that ,maculae in facie ,lunae1 the      
brighter parts are earth1 the dusky sea1
 which ,thales1 ,plutarch1 and          
,pythagoras formerly taught3 and        
manifestly discern hills and dales1 and 
such like concavities1 if we may        
subscribe to and believe ,galileo's     
observations4 ,but to avoid these       
paradoxes of the earth's motion 7which  
the ,church of ,rome hath lately        
#caai;condemned as heretical1 as appears
 by ,blancanus and ,fromundus's         
writings7 our latter mathematicians have
 rolled all the stones that may be      
stirred3 and to solve all appearances   
and objections1 have invented new       
hypotheses1 and fabricated new systems  
of the world1 out of their own          
,dedalaean heads4 ,fracastorius will    
have the earth stand still1 as before2  
and to avoid that supposition of        

eccentrics and epicycles1 he hath coined
 seventy-two homocentrics1 to solve all 
appearances4 ,nicholas ,ramerus will    
have the earth the centre of the world1 
but movable1 and the eighth sphere      
immovable1 the five upper planets to    
move about the sun1 the sun and moon    
about the earth4 ,of which orbs ,tycho  
,brahe puts the earth the centre        
immovable1 the stars immovable1 the rest
 with ,ramerus1 the planets without orbs
 to wander in the air1 keep time and    
distance1 true motion1 according to that
 virtue which ,god hath given them4     
#cabj;,helisaeus ,roeslin censureth     
both1 with ,copernicus 7whose hypothesis
 de terrae motu1 ,philippus ,lansbergius
 hath lately vindicated1 and            
demonstrated with solid arguments in a  
just volume1 ,jansonius ,caesins        
#caba;hath illustrated in a sphere47    
,the said ,johannes ,lansbergius1 #afcc1
 hath since defended his assertion      
against all the cavils and calumnies of 
,fromundus his ,anti-,aristarchus1      

,baptista ,morinus1 and ,petrus         
,bartholinus3 ,fromundus1 #afcd1 hath   
written against him again1 ,j4 ,rosseus 
of ,aberdeen1 c4 7sound drums and       
trumpets7 whilst ,roeslin 7,i say7      
censures all1 and ,ptolemeus himself as 
insufficient3 one offends against       
natural philosophy1 another against     
optic principles1 a third against       
mathematical1 as not answering to       
astronomical observations3 one puts a   
great space between ,saturn's orb and   
the eighth sphere1 another too narrow4  
,in his own hypothesis he makes the     
earth as before the universal centre1   
the sun to the five upper planets1 to   
the eighth sphere he ascribes diurnal   
motion1 eccentrics1 and epicycles to the
 seven planets1 which hath been formerly
 exploded2 and so1 ,dum vitant stulti   
vitia in contraria currunt1 #cabb;as a  
tinker stops one hole and makes two1 he 
corrects them1 and doth worse himself3  
reforms some1 and mars all4 ,in the mean
 time1 the world is tossed in a blanket 

amongst them1 they hoist the earth up   
and down like a ball1 make it stand and 
go at their pleasures3 one saith the sun
 stands1 another he moves2 a third comes
 in1 taking them all at rebound1 and    
lest there should any paradox be        
wanting1 he #cabc;finds certain spots   
and clouds in the sun1 by the help of   
glasses1 which multiply 7saith          
,keplerus7 a thing seen a thousand times
 bigger in plano1 and makes it come     
thirty-two times nearer to the eye of   
the beholder3 but see the demonstration 
of this glass in #cabd,tarde1 by means  
of which1 the sun must turn round upon  
his own centre1 or they about the sun4  
,fabricius puts only three1 and those in
 the sun3 ,apelles #ae1 and those       
without the sun1 floating like the      
,cyanean ,isles in the ,euxine sea4     
#cabe,tarde1 the ,frenchman1 hath       
observed thirty-three1 and those neither
 spots nor clouds1 as ,galileo1 ,epist4 
ad ,valserum1 supposeth1 but planets    
concentric with the sun1 and not far    

from him with regular motions4          
#cabf;,christopher ,shemer1 a ,german   
,suisser ,jesuit1 ,ursica ,rosa1 divides
 them in maculas et faculas1 and will   
have them to be fixed in ,solis         
superficie3 and to absolve their        
periodical and regular motion in        
twenty-seven or twenty-eight days1      
holding withal the rotation of the sun  
upon his centre2 and all are so         
confident1 that they have made schemes  
and tables of their motions4 ,the       
#cabg;,hollander1 in his                
dissertatiuncula cum ,apelle1 censures  
all2 and thus they disagree amongst     
themselves1 old and new1 irreconcilable 
in their opinions2 thus ,aristarchus1   
thus ,hipparchus1 thus ,ptolemeus1 thus 
,albateginus1 thus ,alfraganus1 thus    
,tycho1 thus ,ramerus1 thus ,roeslinus1 
thus ,fracastorius1 thus ,copernicus and
 his adherents1 thus ,clavius and       
,maginus1 c41 with their followers1 vary
 and determine of these celestial orbs  
and bodies3 and so whilst these men     

contend about the sun and moon1 like the
 philosophers in ,lucian1 it is to be   
feared1 the sun and moon will hide      
themselves1 and be as much offended as  
#cabhshe was with those1 and send       
another messenger to ,jupiter1 by some  
new-fangled ,icaromenippus1 to make an  
end of all those curious controversies1 
and scatter them abroad4 ,but why should
 the sun and moon be angry1 or take     
exceptions at mathematicians and        
philosophers8 when as the like measure  
is offered unto ,god himself1 by a      
company of theologasters3 they are not  
contented to see the sun and moon1      
measure their site and biggest distance 
in a glass1 calculate their motions1 or 
visit the moon in a poetical fiction1 or
 a dream1 as he saith1 #cabi;,audax     
facinus et memorabile nunc incipiam1    
neque hoc saeculo usurpatum prius1 quid 
in ,lunae regno hac nocte gestum sit    
exponam1 et quo nemo unquam nisi        
somniando pervenit1 #cacj;but he and    
,menippus3 or as #caca,peter ,cuneus1   

,bona fide agam1 nihil eorum quae       
scripturus sum1 verum esse scitote1 c4  
quae nec facta1 nec futura sunt1 dicam1 
#cacbstili tantum et ingenii causa1 not 
in jest1 but in good earnest these      
gigantical ,cyclops will transcend      
spheres1 heaven1 stars1 into that       
,empyrean heaven2 soar higher yet1 and  
see what ,god himself doth4 ,the ,jewish
 ,talmudists take upon them to determine
 how ,god spends his whole time1        
sometimes playing with ,leviathan1      
sometimes overseeing the world1 c41 like
 ,lucian's ,jupiter1 that spent much of 
the year in painting butterflies' wings1
 and seeing who offered sacrifice2      
telling the hours when it should rain1  
how much snow should fall in such a     
place1 which way the wind should stand  
in ,greece1 which way in ,africa4 ,in   
the ,turks' ,alcoran1 ,mahomet is taken 
up to heaven1 upon a ,pegasus sent on   
purpose for him1 as he lay in bed with  
his wife1 and after some conference with
 ,god is set on ground again4 ,the      

pagans paint him and mangle him after a 
thousand fashions2 our heretics1        
schismatics1 and some schoolmen1 come   
not far behind3 some paint him in the   
habit of an old man1 and make maps of   
heaven1 number the angels1 tell their   
several #caccnames1 offices3 some deny  
,god and his providence1 some take his  
office out of his hands1 will #cacd;bind
 and loose in heaven1 release1 pardon1  
forgive1 and be quarter-master with him3
 some call his ,godhead in question1 his
 power1 and attributes1 his mercy1      
justice1 providence3 they will know with
 #cace;,cecilius1 why good and bad are  
punished together1 war1 fires1 plagues1 
infest all alike1 why wicked men        
flourish1 good are poor1 in prison1     
sick1 and ill at ease4 ,why doth he     
suffer so much mischief and evil to be  
done1 if he be #cacf;able to help8 why  
doth he not assist good1 or resist bad1 
reform our wills1 if he be not the      
author of sin1 and let such enormities  
be committed1 unworthy of his knowledge1

 wisdom1 government1 mercy1 and         
providence1 why lets he all things be   
done by fortune and chance8 ,others as  
prodigiously inquire after his          
omnipotency1 an possit plures similes   
creare deos8 an ex scarcibaeo deum8 c41 
et quo demum ruetis sacrificuli8 ,some1 
by visions and revelations1 take upon   
them to be familiar with ,god1 and to be
 of privy council with him2 they will   
tell how many1 and who shall be saved1  
when the world shall come to an end1    
what year1 what month1 and whatsoever   
else ,god hath reserved unto himself1   
and to his angels4 ,some again1 curious 
fantastics1 will know more than this1   
and inquire with #cacg;,epicurus1 what  
,god did before the world was made8 was 
he idle8 ,where did he bide8 ,what did  
he make the world of8 why did he then   
make it1 and not before8 ,if he made it 
new1 or to have an end1 how is he       
unchangeable1 infinite1 c4 ,some will   
dispute1 cavil1 and object1 as ,julian  
did of old1 whom ,cyril confutes1 as    

,simon ,magus is feigned to do1 in that 
#cach;dialogue betwixt him and ,peter3  
and ,ammonius the philosopher1 in that  
dialogical disputation with ,zacharias  
the ,christian4 ,if ,god be infinitely  
and only good1 why should he alter or   
destroy the world8 if he confound that  
which is good1 how shall himself        
continue good8 ,if he pull it down      
because evil1 how shall he be free from 
the evil that made it evil8 c41 with    
many such absurd and brain-sick         
questions1 intricacies1 froth of human  
wit1 and excrements of curiosity1 c41   
which1 as our ,saviour told his         
inquisitive disciples1 are not fit for  
them to know4 ,but hoo6 ,i am now gone  
quite out of sight1 ,i am almost giddy  
with roving about3 ,i could have ranged 
farther yet2 but ,i am an infant1 and   
not #caci;able to dive into these       
profundities1 or sound these depths2 not
 able to understand1 much less to       
discuss4 ,i leave the contemplation of  
these things to stronger wits1 that have

 better ability1 and happier leisure to 
wade into such philosophical mysteries2 
for put case ,i were as able as willing1
 yet what can one man do8 ,i will       
conclude with #cadj,scaliger1 ,nequaquam
 nos homines sumus1 sed partes hominis1 
ex omnibus aliquid fieri potest1 idque  
non magnum2 ex singulis fere nihil4     
,besides 7as ,nazianzen hath it7 ,deus  
latere nos multa voluit2 and with       
,seneca1 cap4 #ce4 de ,cometis1 ,quid   
miramur tam rara mundi spectacula non   
teneri certis legibus1 nondum intelligi8
 multae sunt gentes quae tantum de facie
 sciunt coelum1 veniet1 tempus fortasse1
 quo ista quae1 nunc latent in lucem    
dies extrahat longioris aevi diligentia1
 una aetas non sufficit1 posteri1 c41   
when ,god sees his time1 he will reveal 
these mysteries to mortal men1 and show 
that to some few at last1 which he hath 
concealed so long4 ,for ,i am of        
#cada;his mind1 that ,columbus did not  
find out ,america by chance1 but ,god   
directed him at that time to discover   

it3 it was contingent to him1 but       
necessary to ,god2 he reveals and       
conceals to whom and when he will4 ,and 
which #cadbone said of history and      
records of former times1 ,god in his    
providence1 to check our presumptuous   
inquisition1 wraps up all things in     
uncertainty1 bars us from long          
antiquity1 and bounds our search within 
the compass of some few ages3 many good 
things are lost1 which our predecessors 
made use of1 as ,pancirola will better  
inform you2 many new things are daily   
invented1 to the public good2 so        
kingdoms1 men1 and knowledge ebb and    
flow1 are hid and revealed1 and when you
 have all done1 as the ,preacher        
concluded1 ,nihil est sub sole novum    
7nothing new under the sun47 ,but my    
melancholy spaniel's quest1 my game is  
sprung1 and ,i must suddenly come down  
and follow4 ,jason ,pratensis1 in his   
book de morbis capitis1 and chapter of  
,melancholy1 hath these words out of    
,galen1 #cadc,let them come to me to    

know what meat and drink they shall use1
 and besides that1 ,i will teach them   
what temper of ambient air they shall   
make choice of1 what wind1 what         
countries they shall choose1 and what   
avoid4 ,out of which lines of his1 thus 
much we may gather1 that to this cure of
 melancholy1 amongst other things1 the  
rectification of air is necessarily     
required4 ,this is performed1 either in 
reforming natural or artificial air4    
,natural is that which is in our        
election to choose or avoid3 and 'tis   
either general1 to countries1 provinces2
 particular1 to cities1 towns1 villages1
 or private houses4 ,what harm those    
extremities of heat or cold do in this  
malady1 ,i have formerly shown3 the     
medium must needs be good1 where the air
 is temperate1 serene1 quiet1 free from 
bogs1 fens1 mists1 all manner of        
putrefaction1 contagious and filthy     
noisome smells4 ,the #cadd;,egyptians by
 all geographers are commended to be    
hilares1 a conceited and merry nation3  

which ,i can ascribe to no other cause  
than the serenity of their air4 ,they   
that live in the ,orcades are registered
 by #cade;,hector ,boethius and         
#cadf;,cardan1 to be of fair complexion1
 long-lived1 most healthful1 free from  
all manner of infirmities of body and   
mind1 by reason of a sharp purifying    
air1 which comes from the sea4 ,the     
,boeotians in ,greece were dull and     
heavy1 crassi ,boeoti1 by reason of a   
foggy air in which they lived1          
#cadg;,boeotum in crasso jurares aere   
natum1 ,attica most acute1 pleasant1 and
 refined4 ,the clime changes not so much
 customs1 manners1 wits 7as ,aristotle  
,polit4 lib4 #f4 cap4 #d4 ,vegetius1    
,plato1 ,bodine1 method4 hist4 cap4 #e4 
hath proved at large7 as constitutions  
of their bodies1 and temperature itself4
 ,in all particular provinces we see it 
confirmed by experience1 as the air is1 
so are the inhabitants1 dull1 heavy1    
witty1 subtle1 neat1 cleanly1 clownish1 
sick1 and sound4 ,in #cadh,perigord in  

,france the air is subtle1 healthful1   
seldom any plague or contagious disease1
 but hilly and barren3 the men sound1   
nimble1 and lusty2 but in some parts of 
,guienne1 full of moors and marshes1 the
 people dull1 heavy1 and subject to many
 infirmities4 ,who sees not a great     
difference between ,surrey1 ,sussex1 and
 ,romney ,marsh1 the wolds in           
,lincolnshire and the fens4 ,he         
therefore that loves his health1 if his 
ability will give him leave1 must often 
shift places1 and make choice of such as
 are wholesome1 pleasant1 and           
convenient3 there is nothing better than
 change of air in this malady1 and      
generally for health to wander up and   
down1 as those #cadi,tartari            
,zamolhenses1 that live in hordes1 and  
take opportunity of times1 places1      
seasons4 ,the kings of ,persia had their
 summer and winter houses2 in winter at 
,sardis1 in summer at ,susa2 now at     
,persepolis1 then at ,pasargada4 ,cyrus 
lived seven cold months at ,babylon1    

three at ,susa1 two at ,ecbatana1 saith 
#caej,xenophon1 and had by that means a 
perpetual spring4 ,the great ,turk      
sojourns sometimes at ,constantinople1  
sometimes at ,adrianople1 c4 ,the kings 
of ,spain have their ,escurial in heat  
of summer1 #caea,madrid for a wholesome 
seat1 ,valladolid a pleasant site1 c41  
variety of secessus as all princes and  
great men have1 and their several       
progresses to this purpose4 ,lucullus   
the ,roman had his house at ,rome1 at   
,baiae1 c4 #caeb,when ,cn4 ,pompeius1   
,marcus ,cicero 7saith ,plutarch7 and   
many noble men in the summer came to see
 him1 at supper ,pompeius jested with   
him1 that it was an elegant and pleasant
 village1 full of windows1 galleries1   
and all offices fit for a summer house2 
but in his judgment very unfit for      
winter3 ,lucullus made answer that the  
lord of the house had wit like a crane1 
that changeth her country with the      
season2 he had other houses furnished1  
and built for that purpose1 all out as  

commodious as this4 ,so ,tully had his  
,tusculan1 ,plinius his ,lauretan       
village1 and every gentleman of any     
fashion in our times hath the like4 ,the
 #caec;bishop of ,exeter had fourteen   
several houses all furnished1 in times  
past4 ,in ,italy1 though they bide in   
cities in winter1 which is more         
gentlemanlike1 all the summer they come 
abroad to their country-houses1 to      
recreate themselves4 ,our gentry in     
,england live most part in the country  
7except it be some few castles7 building
 still in bottoms 7saith #caed;,jovius7 
or near woods1 corona arborum virentium2
 you shall know a village by a tuft of  
trees at or about it1 to avoid those    
strong winds wherewith the island is    
infested1 and cold winter blasts4 ,some 
discommend moated houses1 as            
unwholesome2 so ,camden saith of        
#caee;,ew-elme1 that it was therefore   
unfrequented1 ob stagni vicini halitus1 
and all such places as be near lakes or 
rivers4 ,but ,i am of opinion that these

 inconveniences will be mitigated1 or   
easily corrected by good fires1 as      
#caefone reports of ,venice1 that       
graveolentia and fog of the moors is    
sufficiently qualified by those         
innumerable smokes4 ,nay more1          
#caeg,thomas ,philol4 ,ravennas1 a great
 physician1 contends that the ,venetians
 are generally longer-lived than any    
city in ,europe1 and live many of them  
#abj years4 ,but it is not water simply 
that so much offends1 as the slime and  
noisome smells that accompany such      
overflowed places1 which is but at some 
few seasons after a flood1 and is       
sufficiently recompensed with sweet     
smells and aspects in summer1 ,ver      
pinget vario gemmantia prata colore1 and
 many other commodities of pleasure and 
profit2 or else may be corrected by the 
site1 if it be somewhat remote from the 
water1 as ,lindley1 #caeh,orton super   
montem1 #caei;,drayton1 or a little more
 elevated1 though nearer1 as            
#cafj;,caucut1 #cafa;,amington1         

#cafb,polesworth1 #cafc,weddington 7to  
insist in such places best to me known1 
upon the river of ,anker1 in            
,warwickshire1 #cafd ,swarston1 and     
#cafe;,drakesly upon ,trent74 ,or       
howsoever they be unseasonable in       
winter1 or at some times1 they have     
their good use in summer4 ,if so be that
 their means be so slender as they may  
not admit of any such variety1 but must 
determine once for all1 and make one    
house serve each season1 ,i know no men 
that have given better rules in this    
behalf than our husbandry writers4      
#caff;,cato and ,columella prescribe a  
good house to stand by a navigable      
river1 good highways1 near some city1   
and in a good soil1 but that is more for
 commodity than health4 ,the best soil  
commonly yields the worst air1 a dry    
sandy plat is fittest to build upon1 and
 such as is rather hilly than plain1    
full of downs1 a ,cotswold country1 as  
being most commodious for hawking1      
hunting1 wood1 waters1 and all manner of

 pleasures4 ,perigord in ,france is     
barren1 yet by reason of the excellency 
of the air1 and such pleasures that it  
affords1 much inhabited by the nobility2
 as ,nuremberg in ,germany1 ,toledo in  
,spain4 ,our countryman ,tusser will    
tell us so much1 that the fieldone is   
for profit1 the woodland for pleasure   
and health2 the one commonly a deep     
clay1 therefore noisome in winter1 and  
subject to bad highways3 the other a dry
 sand4 ,provision may be had elsewhere1 
and our towns are generally bigger in   
the woodland than the fieldone1 more    
frequent and populous1 and gentlemen    
more delight to dwell in such places4   
,sutton ,coldfield in ,warwickshire     
7where ,i was once a grammar scholar71  
may be a sufficient witness1 which      
stands1 as ,camden notes1 loco ingrato  
et sterili1 but in an excellent air1 and
 full of all manner of pleasures4       
#cafg,wadley in ,berkshire is situate in
 a vale1 though not so fertile a soil as
 some vales afford1 yet a most          

commodious site1 wholesome1 in a        
delicious air1 a rich and pleasant seat4
 ,so ,segrave in ,leicestershire 7which 
town #cafh;,i am now bound to remember7 
is situated in a champaign1 at the edge 
of the wolds1 and more barren than the  
villages about it1 yet no place likely  
yields a better air4 ,and he that built 
that fair house1 #cafi,wollerton in     
,nottinghamshire1 is much to be         
commended 7though the tract be sandy and
 barren about it7 for making choice of  
such a place4 ,constantine1 lib4 #b4    
cap4 de ,agricult4 praiseth mountains1  
hilly1 steep places1 above the rest by  
the seaside1 and such as look toward the
 #cagjnorth upon some great river1 as   
#caga ,farmack in ,derbyshire1 on the   
,trent1 environed with hills1 open only 
to the north1 like ,mount ,edgecombe in 
,cornwall1 which ,mr4 #cagb;,carew so   
much admires for an excellent seat3 such
 is the general site of ,bohemia3       
serenat ,boreas1 the north wind         
clarifies1 #cagc;but near lakes or      

marshes1 in holes1 obscure places1 or to
 the south and west1 he utterly         
disproves1 those winds are unwholesome1 
putrefying1 and make men subject to     
diseases4 ,the best building for health1
 according to him1 is in #cagd high     
places1 and in an excellent prospect1   
like that of ,cuddeston in ,oxfordshire 
7which place ,i must honoris ergo       
mention7 is lately and fairly           
#cage;built in a good air1 good         
prospect1 good soil1 both for profit and
 pleasure1 not so easily to be matched4 
,p4 ,crescentius1 in his lib4 #a4 de    
,agric4 cap4 #e4 is very copious in this
 subject1 how a house should be         
wholesomely sited1 in a good coast1 good
 air1 wind1 c41 ,varro de re rust4 lib4 
#a4 cap4 #ab4 #cagf;forbids lakes and   
rivers1 marshy and manured grounds1 they
 cause a bad air1 gross diseases1 hard  
to be cured3 #cagg;if it be so that he  
cannot help it1 better 7as he adviseth7 
sell thy house and land than lose thine 
health4 ,he that respects not this in   

choosing of his seat1 or building his   
house1 is mente captus1 mad1 #cagh;,cato
 saith1 and his dwelling next to hell   
itself1 according to ,columella3 he     
commends1 in conclusion1 the middle of a
 hill1 upon a descent4 ,baptista1 ,porta
 ,villae1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bb4 censures   
,varro1 ,cato1 ,columella1 and those    
ancient rustics1 approving many things1 
disallowing some1 and will by all means 
have the front of a house stand to the  
south1 which how it may be good in      
,italy and hotter climes1 ,i know not1  
in our northern countries ,i am sure it 
is best3 ,stephanus1 a ,frenchman1      
praedio rustic4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #d4       
subscribes to this1 approving especially
 the descent of a hill south or         
south-east1 with trees to the north1 so 
that it be well watered2 a condition in 
all sites which must not be omitted1 as 
,herbastein inculcates1 lib4 #a4 ,julius
 ,caesar ,claudinus1 a physician1       
consult4 #bd1 for a nobleman in ,poland1
 melancholy given1 adviseth him to dwell

 in a house inclining to the #cagi;east1
 and #cahj;by all means to provide the  
air be clear and sweet2 which ,montanus1
 consil4 #bbi1 counselleth the earl of  
,monfort1 his patient1 to inhabit a     
pleasant house1 and in a good air4 ,if  
it be so the natural site may not be    
altered of our city1 town1 village1 yet 
by artificial means it may be helped4   
,in hot countries1 therefore1 they make 
the streets of their cities very narrow1
 all over ,spain1 ,africa1 ,italy1      
,greece1 and many cities of ,france1 in 
,languedoc especially1 and ,provence1   
those southern parts3 ,montpelier1 the  
habitation and university of physicians1
 is so built1 with high houses1 narrow  
streets1 to divert the sun's scalding   
rays1 which ,tacitus commends1 lib4 #ae4
 ,annat41 as most agreeing to their     
health1 #caha;because the height of     
buildings1 and narrowness of streets1   
keep away the sunbeams4 ,some cities use
 galleries1 or arched cloisters towards 
the street1 as ,damascus1 ,bologna1     

,padua1 ,berne in ,switzerland1         
,westchester with us1 as well to avoid  
tempests1 as the sun's scorching heat4  
,they build on high hills1 in hot       
countries1 for more air2 or to the      
seaside1 as ,baiae1 ,naples1 c4 ,in our 
northern countries we are opposite1 we  
commend straight1 broad1 open1 fair     
streets1 as most befitting and agreeing 
to our clime4 ,we build in bottoms for  
warmth3 and that site of ,mitylene in   
the island of ,lesbos1 in the ,aegean   
sea1 which ,vitruvius so much           
discommends1 magnificently built with   
fair houses1 sed imprudenter positam    
unadvisedly sited1 because it lay along 
to the south1 and when the south wind   
blew1 the people were all sick1 would   
make an excellent site in our northern  
climes4 ,of that artificial site of     
houses ,i have sufficiently discoursed3 
if the plan of the dwelling may not be  
altered1 yet there is much in choice of 
such a chamber or room1 in opportune    
opening and shutting of windows1        

excluding foreign air and winds1 and    
walking abroad at convenient times4     
#cahb;,crato1 a ,german1 commends east  
and south site 7disallowing cold air and
 northern winds in this case1 rainy     
weather and misty days71 free from      
putrefaction1 fens1 bogs1 and           
muck--hills4 ,if the air be such1 open  
no windows1 come not abroad4 ,montanus  
will have his patient not to #cahcstir  
at all1 if the wind be big or           
tempestuous1 as most part in ,march it  
is with us2 or in cloudy1 lowering1 dark
 days1 as in ,november1 which we        
commonly call the black month2 or       
stormy1 let the wind stand how it will1 
consil4 #bg4 and #cj4 he must not       
#cahdopen a casement in bad weather1 or 
in a boisterous season1 consil4 #bii1 he
 especially forbids us to open windows  
to a south wind4 ,the best sites for    
chamber windows1 in my judgment1 are    
north1 east1 south1 and which is the    
worst1 west4 ,levinus ,lemnius1 lib4 #c4
 cap4 #c4 de occult4 nat4 mir4          

attributes so much to air1 and          
rectifying of wind and windows1 that he 
holds it alone sufficient to make a man 
sick or well2 to alter body and mind4   
#cahe;,a clear air cheers up the        
spirits1 exhilarates the mind2 a thick1 
black1 misty1 tempestuous1 contracts1   
overthrows4 ,great heed is therefore to 
be taken at what times we walk1 how we  
place our windows1 lights1 and houses1  
how we let in or exclude this ambient   
air4 ,the ,egyptians1 to avoid          
immoderate heat1 make their windows on  
the top of the house like chimneys1 with
 two tunnels to draw a thorough air4 ,in
 ,spain they commonly make great        
opposite windows without glass1 still   
shutting those which are next to the    
sun3 so likewise in ,turkey and ,italy  
7,venice excepted1 which brags of her   
stately glazed palaces7 they use paper  
windows to like purpose2 and lie1 sub   
dio1 in the top of their flat-roofed    
houses1 so sleeping under the canopy of 
heaven4 ,in some parts of #cahf;,italy  

they have windmills1 to draw a cooling  
air out of hollow caves1 and disperse   
the same through all the chambers of    
their palaces1 to refresh them2 as at   
,costoza1 the house of ,caesareo        
,trento1 a gentleman of ,vicenza1 and   
elsewhere4 ,many excellent means are    
invented to correct nature by art4 ,if  
none of these courses help1 the best way
 is to make artificial air1 which       
howsoever is profitable and good1 still 
to be made hot and moist1 and to be     
seasoned with sweet perfumes1           
#cahgpleasant and lightsome as it may   
be2 to have roses1 violets1 and         
sweet-smelling flowers ever in their    
windows1 posies in their hand4          
,laurentius commends water-lilies1 a    
vessel of warm water to evaporate in the
 room1 which will make a more delightful
 perfume1 if there be added             
orange-flowers1 pills of citrons1       
rosemary1 cloves1 bays1 rosewater1      
rose-vinegar1 benzoin1 laudanum1 styrax1
 and such like gums1 which make a       

pleasant and acceptable perfume4        
#cahh;,bessardus ,bisantinus prefers the
 smoke of juniper to melancholy persons1
 which is in great request with us at   
,oxford1 to sweeten our chambers4       
#cahi;,guianerius prescribes the air to 
be moistened with water1 and sweet herbs
 boiled in it1 vine1 and sallow leaves1 
c41 #caij to besprinkle the ground and  
posts with rosewater1 rose-vinegar1     
which ,avicenna much approves4 ,of      
colours it is good to behold green1 red1
 yellow1 and white1 and by all means to 
have light enough1 with windows in the  
day1 wax candles in the night1 neat     
chambers1 good fires in winter1 merry   
companions2 for though melancholy       
persons love to be dark and alone1 yet  
darkness is a great increaser of the    
humour4 ,although our ordinary air be   
good by nature or art1 yet it is not    
amiss1 as ,i have said1 still to alter  
it2 no better physic for a melancholy   
man than change of air1 and variety of  
places1 to travel abroad and see        

fashions4 #caia,leo ,afer speaks of many
 of his countrymen so cured1 without all
 other physic3 amongst the ,negroes1    
there is such an excellent air1 that if 
any of them be sick elsewhere1 and      
brought thither1 he is instantly        
recovered1 of which he was often an     
eyewitness4 #caib,lipsius1 ,zuinger1 and
 some others1 add as much of ordinary   
travel4 ,no man1 saith ,lipsius1 in an  
epistle to ,phil4 ,lanoius1 a noble     
friend of his1 now ready to make a      
voyage1 #caic;can be such a stock or    
stone1 whom that pleasant speculation of
 countries1 cities1 towns1 rivers1 will 
not affect4 #caid ,seneca the           
philosopher was infinitely taken with   
the sight of ,scipio ,africanus' house1 
near ,linternum1 to view those old      
buildings1 cisterns1 baths1 tombs1 c4   
,and how was #caie,tully pleased with   
the sight of ,athens1 to behold those   
ancient and fair buildings1 with a      
remembrance of their worthy inhabitants4
 ,paulus ,aemilius1 that renowned ,roman

 captain1 after he had conquered        
,perseus1 the last king of ,macedonia1  
and now made an end of his tedious wars1
 though he had been long absent from    
,rome1 and much there desired1 about the
 beginning of autumn 7as #caif,livy     
describes it7 made a pleasant           
peregrination all over ,greece1         
accompanied with his son ,scipio1 and   
,atheneus the brother of king ,eumenes1 
leaving the charge of his army with     
,sulpicius ,gallus4 ,by ,thessaly he    
went to ,delphos1 thence to ,megaris1   
,aulis1 ,athens1 ,argos1 ,lacedaemon1   
,megalopolis1 c4 ,he took great content1
 exceeding delight in that his voyage1  
as who doth not that shall attempt the  
like1 though his travel be ad           
jactationem magis quam ad usum reipub4  
7as #caigone well observes7 to crack1   
gaze1 see fine sights and fashions1     
spend time1 rather than for his own or  
public good8 7as it is to many gallants 
that travel out their best days1        
together with their means1 manners1     

honesty1 religion7 yet it availeth      
howsoever4 ,for peregrination charms our
 senses with such unspeakable and sweet 
variety1 #caihthat some count him       
unhappy that never travelled1 and pity  
his case1 that from his cradle to his   
old age beholds the same still2 still1  
still the same1 the same4 ,insomuch that
 #caii,rhasis1 cont4 lib4 #a4 ,tract4   
#b4 doth not only commend1 but enjoin   
travel1 and such variety of objects to a
 melancholy man1 and to lie in diverse  
inns1 to be drawn into several          
companies3 ,montaltus1 cap4 #cf4 and    
many neoterics are of the same mind3    
,celsus adviseth him therefore that will
 continue his health1 to have varium    
vitae genus1 diversity of callings1     
occupations1 to be busied about1 #cbjj  
sometimes to live in the city1 sometimes
 in the country2 now to study or work1  
to be intent1 then again to hawk or     
hunt1 swim1 run1 ride1 or exercise      
himself4 ,a good prospect alone will    
ease melancholy1 as ,comesius contends1 

lib4 #b4 c4 #g4 de ,sale4 ,the citizens 
of #cbja;,barcino1 saith he1 otherwise  
penned in1 melancholy1 and stirring     
little abroad1 are much delighted with  
that pleasant prospect their city hath  
into the sea1 which like that of old    
,athens besides ,aegina ,salamina1 and  
many pleasant islands1 had all the      
variety of delicious objects3 so are    
those ,neapolitans and inhabitants of   
,genoa1 to see the ships1 boats1 and    
passengers go by1 out of their windows1 
their whole cities being situated on the
 side of a hill1 like ,pera by          
,constantinople1 so that each house     
almost hath a free prospect to the sea1 
as some part of ,london to the ,thames3 
or to have a free prospect all over the 
city at once1 as at ,granada in ,spain1 
and ,fez in ,africa1 the river running  
betwixt two declining hills1 the        
steepness causeth each house almost1 as 
well to oversee1 as to be overseen of   
the rest4 ,every country is full of such
 #cbjb;delightsome prospects1 as well   

within land1 as by sea1 as ,hermon and  
#cbjc,rama in ,palestina1 ,colalto in   
,italy1 the top of ,magetus1 or         
,acrocorinthus1 that old decayed castle 
in ,corinth1 from which ,peloponessus1  
,greece1 the ,ionian and ,aegean seas   
were semel et simul at one view to be   
taken4 ,in ,egypt the square top of the 
great pyramid1 three hundred yards in   
height1 and so the ,sultan's palace in  
,grand ,cairo1 the country being plain1 
hath a marvellous fair prospect as well 
over ,nilus1 as that great city1 five   
,italian miles long1 and two broad1 by  
the river side3 from mount ,sion in     
,jerusalem1 the ,holy ,land is of all   
sides to be seen3 such high places are  
infinite3 with us those of the best note
 are ,glastonbury tower1 ,box ,hill in  
,surrey1 ,bever castle1 ,rodway ,grange1
 #cbjd,walsby in ,lincolnshire1 where ,i
 lately received a real kindness1 by the
 munificence of the right honourable my 
noble lady and patroness1 the ,lady     
,frances1 countess dowager of ,exeter3  

and two amongst the rest1 which ,i may  
not omit for vicinity's sake1 ,oldbury  
in the confines of ,warwickshire1 where 
,i have often looked about me with great
 delight1 at the foot of which hill     
#cbje;,i was born3 and ,hanbury in      
,staffordshire1 contiguous to which is  
,falde1 a pleasant village1 and an      
ancient patrimony belonging to our      
family1 now in the possession of mine   
elder brother1 ,william ,burton1        
,esquire4 #cbjf;,barclay the ,scot      
commends that of ,greenwich tower for   
one of the best prospects in ,europe1 to
 see ,london on the one side1 the       
,thames1 ships1 and pleasant meadows on 
the other4 ,there be those that say as  
much and more of ,st4 ,mark's steeple in
 ,venice4 ,yet these are at too great a 
distance3 some are especially affected  
with such objects as be near1 to see    
passengers go by in some great roadway1 
or boats in a river1 in subjectum forum 
despicere1 to oversee a fair1 a         
marketplace1 or out of a pleasant window

 into some thoroughfare street1 to      
behold a continual concourse1 a         
promiscuous rout1 coming and going1 or a
 multitude of spectators at a theatre1 a
 mask1 or some such like show4 ,but ,i  
rove3 the sum is this1 that variety of  
actions1 objects1 air1 places1 are      
excellent good in this infirmity1 and   
all others1 good for man1 good for      
beast4 #cbjg;,constantine the emperor1  
lib4 #ah4 cap4 #ac4 ex ,leontio1 holds  
it an only cure for rotten sheep1 and   
any manner of sick cattle4 ,laelius a   
,fonte ,aegubinus1 that great doctor1 at
 the latter end of many of his          
consultations 7as commonly he doth set  
down what success his physic had17 in   
melancholy most especially approves of  
this above all other remedies           
whatsoever1 as appears consult4 #fi4    
consult4 #bbi4 c4 #cbjh,many other      
things helped1 but change of air was    
that which wrought the cure1 and did    
most good4  ,,memb4 ,,iv4  ,exercise    
rectified of ,body and ,mind4  ,to that 

great inconvenience1 which comes on the 
one side by immoderate and unseasonable 
exercise1 too much solitariness and     
idleness on the other1 must be opposed  
as an antidote1 a moderate and          
seasonable use of it1 and that both of  
body and mind1 as a most material       
circumstance1 much conducing to this    
cure1 and to the general preservation of
 our health4 ,the heavens themselves run
 continually round1 the sun riseth and  
sets1 the moon increaseth and           
decreaseth1 stars and planets keep their
 constant motions1 the air is still     
tossed by the winds1 the waters ebb and 
flow to their conservation no doubt1 to 
teach us that we should ever be in      
action4 ,for which cause ,hieron        
prescribes ,rusticus the monk1 that he  
be always occupied about some business  
or other1 #cbjithat the devil do not    
find him idle4 #cbaj,seneca would have a
 man do something1 though it be to no   
purpose4 #cbaa,xenophon wisheth one     
rather to play at tables1 dice1 or make 

a jester of himself 7though he might be 
far better employed7 than do nothing4   
,the #cbab;,egyptians of old1 and many  
flourishing commonwealths since1 have   
enjoined labour and exercise to all     
sorts of men1 to be of some vocation and
 calling1 and give an account of their  
time1 to prevent those grievous         
mischiefs that come by idleness3 for as 
fodder1 whip1 and burthen belong to the 
ass3 so meat1 correction1 and work unto 
the servant1 ,ecclus4 xxxiii4 #bc4 ,the 
,turks enjoin all men whatsoever1 of    
what degree1 to be of some trade or     
other1 the ,grand ,signior himself is   
not excused4 #cbac;,in our memory 7saith
 ,sabellicus7 ,mahomet the ,turk1 he    
that conquered ,greece1 at that very    
time when he heard ambassadors of other 
princes1 did either carve or cut wooden 
spoons1 or frame something upon a table4
 #cbad,this present sultan makes notches
 for bows4 ,the ,jews are most severe in
 this examination of time4 ,all         
well-governed places1 towns1 families1  

and every discreet person will be a law 
unto himself4 ,but amongst us the badge 
of gentry is idleness3 to be of no      
calling1 not to labour1 for that's      
derogatory to their birth1 to be a mere 
spectator1 a drone1 fruges consumere    
natus1 to have no necessary employment  
to busy himself about in church and     
commonwealth 7some few governors        
exempted71 but to rise to eat1 c41 to   
spend his days in hawking1 hunting1 c41 
and such like disports and recreations  
7#cbaewhich our casuists tax71 are the  
sole exercise almost1 and ordinary      
actions of our nobility1 and in which   
they are too immoderate4 ,and thence it 
comes to pass1 that in city and country 
so many grievances of body and mind1 and
 this feral disease of melancholy so    
frequently rageth1 and now domineers    
almost all over ,europe amongst our     
great ones4 ,they know not how to spend 
their time 7disports excepted1 which are
 all their business71 what to do1 or    
otherwise how to bestow themselves3 like

 our modern ,frenchmen1 that had rather 
lose a pound of blood in a single       
combat1 than a drop of sweat in any     
honest labour4 ,every man almost hath   
something or other to employ himself    
about1 some vocation1 some trade1 but   
they do all by ministers and servants1  
ad otia duntaxat se natos existimant1   
imo ad sui ipsius plerumque et aliorum  
perniciem1 #cbaf;as one freely taxeth   
such kind of men1 they are all for      
pastimes1 'tis all their study1 all     
their invention tends to this alone1 to 
drive away time1 as if they were born   
some of them to no other ends4          
,therefore to correct and avoid these   
errors and inconveniences1 our divines1 
physicians1 and politicians1 so much    
labour1 and so seriously exhort2 and for
 this disease in particular1 #cbagthere 
can be no better cure than continual    
business1 as ,rhasis holds1 to have some
 employment or other1 which may set     
their mind awork1 and distract their    
cogitations4 ,riches may not easily be  

had without labour and industry1 nor    
learning without study1 neither can our 
health be preserved without bodily      
exercise4 ,if it be of the body1        
,guianerius allows that exercise which  
is gentle1 #cbah;and still after those  
ordinary frications which must be used  
every morning4 ,montaltus1 cap4 #bf4 and
 ,jason ,pratensis use almost the same  
words1 highly commending exercise if it 
be moderate2 a wonderful help so used1  
,crato calls it1 and a great means to   
preserve our health1 as adding strength 
to the whole body1 increasing natural   
heat1 by means of which the nutriment is
 well concocted in the stomach1 liver1  
and veins1 few or no crudities left1 is 
happily distributed over all the body4  
,besides1 it expels excrements by sweat 
and other insensible vapours2 insomuch1 
that #cbai;,galen prefers exercise      
before all physic1 rectification of     
diet1 or any regimen in what kind       
soever2 'tis nature's physician4        
#cbbj;,fulgentius1 out of ,gordonius de 

conserv4 vit4 hom4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #g4    
terms exercise1 a spur of a dull1 sleepy
 nature1 the comforter of the members1  
cure of infirmity1 death of diseases1   
destruction of all mischiefs and vices4 
,the fittest time for exercise is a     
little before dinner1 a little before   
supper1 #cbbaor at any time when the    
body is empty4 ,montanus1 consil4 #ca4  
prescribes it every morning to his      
patient1 and that1 as #cbbb;,calenus    
adds1 after he hath done his ordinary   
needs1 rubbed his body1 washed his hands
 and face1 combed his head and          
gargarised4 ,what kind of exercise he   
should use1 ,galen tells us1 lib4 #b4 et
 #c4 de sanit4 tuend4 and in what       
measure1 #cbbc till the body be ready to
 sweat1 and roused up2 ad ruborem1 some 
say1 non ad sudorem1 lest it should dry 
the body too much2 others enjoin those  
wholesome businesses1 as to dig so long 
in his garden1 to hold the plough1 and  
the like4 ,some prescribe frequent and  
violent labour and exercises1 as sawing 

every day so long together 7epid4 #f4   
,hippocrates confounds them71 but that  
is in some cases1 to some peculiar men2 
#cbbdthe most forbid1 and by no means   
will have it go farther than a beginning
 sweat1 as being #cbbeperilous if it    
exceed4 ,of these labours1 exercises1   
and recreations1 which are likewise     
included1 some properly belong to the   
body1 some to the mind1 some more easy1 
some hard1 some with delight1 some      
without1 some within doors1 some        
natural1 some are artificial4 ,amongst  
bodily exercises1 ,galen commends ludum 
parvae pilae1 to play at ball1 be it    
with the hand or racket1 in             
tennis-courts or otherwise1 it          
exerciseth each part of the body1 and   
doth much good1 so that they sweat not  
too much4 ,it was in great request of   
old amongst the ,greeks1 ,romans1       
,barbarians1 mentioned by ,homer1       
,herodotus1 and ,plinius4 ,some write1  
that ,aganella1 a fair maid of ,corcyra1
 was the inventor of it1 for she        

presented the first ball that ever was  
made to ,nausica1 the daughter of ,king 
,alcinous1 and taught her how to use it4
 ,the ordinary sports which are used    
abroad are hawking1 hunting1 hilares    
venandi labores1 #cbbfone calls them1   
because they recreate body and mind1    
#cbbg;another1 the #cbbh;best exercise  
that is1 by which alone many have been  
#cbbi;freed from all feral diseases4    
,hegesippus1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #cg4 relates 
of ,herod1 that he was eased of a       
grievous melancholy by that means4      
,plato1 #g4 de leg4 highly magnifies it1
 dividing it into three parts1 by land1 
water1 air4 ,xenophon1 in ,cyropaed4    
graces it with a great name1 ,deorum    
munus1 the gift of the gods1 a princely 
sport1 which they have ever used1 saith 
,langius1 epist4 #ei4 lib4 #b4 as well  
for health as pleasure1 and do at this  
day1 it being the sole almost and       
ordinary sport of our noblemen in       
,europe1 and elsewhere all over the     
world4 ,bohemus1 de mor4 gent4 lib4 #c4 

cap4 #ab4 styles it therefore1 studium  
nobilium1 communiter venantur1 quod sibi
 solis licere contendunt1 'tis all their
 study1 their exercise1 ordinary        
business1 all their talk3 and indeed    
some dote too much after it1 they can do
 nothing else1 discourse of naught else4
 ,paulus ,jovius1 descr4 ,brit4 doth in 
some sort tax our #cbcj ,english        
nobility for it1 for living in the      
country so much1 and too frequent use of
 it1 as if they had no other means but  
hawking and hunting to approve          
themselves gentlemen with4 ,hawking     
comes near to hunting1 the one in the   
air1 as the other on the earth1 a sport 
as much affected as the other1 by some  
preferred4 #cbca;,it was never heard of 
amongst the ,romans1 invented some      
twelve hundred years since1 and first   
mentioned by ,firmicus1 lib4 #e4 cap4   
#h4 ,the ,greek emperors began it1 and  
now nothing so frequent3 he is nobody   
that in the season hath not a hawk on   
his fist4 ,a great art1 and many        

#cbcb;books written of it4 ,it is a     
wonder to hear #cbccwhat is related of  
the ,turks' officers in this behalf1 how
 many thousand men are employed about   
it1 how many hawks of all sorts1 how    
much revenues consumed on that only     
disport1 how much time is spent at      
,adrianople alone every year to that    
purpose4 ,the #cbcd,persian kings hawk  
after butterflies with sparrows made to 
that use1 and stares3 lesser hawks for  
lesser games they have1 and bigger for  
the rest1 that they may produce their   
sport to all seasons4 ,the ,muscovian   
emperors reclaim eagles to fly at hinds1
 foxes1 c41 and such a one was sent for 
a present to #cbce,queen ,elizabeth3    
some reclaim ravens1 castrils1 pies1 c41
 and man them for their pleasures4      
,fowling is more troublesome1 but all   
out as delightsome to some sorts of men1
 be it with guns1 lime1 nets1 glades1   
gins1 strings1 baits1 pitfalls1 pipes1  
calls1 stalking-horses1 setting-dogs1   
decoy-ducks1 c41 or otherwise4 ,some    

much delight to take larks with         
day-nets1 small birds with chaff-nets1  
plovers1 partridge1 herons1 snipe1 c4   
,henry the ,third1 king of ,castile 7as 
,mariana the ,jesuit reports of him1    
lib4 #c4 cap4 #g47 was much affected    
#cbcfwith catching of quails1 and many  
gentlemen take a singular pleasure at   
morning and evening to go abroad with   
their quail-pipes1 and will take any    
pains to satisfy their delight in that  
kind4 ,the #cbcg;,italians have gardens 
fitted to such use1 with nets1 bushes1  
glades1 sparing no cost or industry1 and
 are very much affected with the sport4 
,tycho ,brahe1 that great astronomer1 in
 the chorography of his ,isle of ,huena1
 and ,castle of ,uraniburge1 puts down  
his nets1 and manner of catching small  
birds1 as an ornament and a recreation1 
wherein he himself was sometimes        
employed4 ,fishing is a kind of hunting 
by water1 be it with nets1 weels1 baits1
 angling1 or otherwise1 and yields all  
out as much pleasure to some men as dogs

 or hawks2 #cbch,when they draw their   
fish upon the bank1 saith ,nic4         
,henselius ,silesiographiae1 cap4 #c4   
speaking of that extraordinary delight  
his countrymen took in fishing1 and in  
making of pools4 ,james ,dubravius1 that
 ,moravian1 in his book de pisc4        
telleth1 how travelling by the highway  
side in ,silesia1 he found a nobleman1  
#cbci;booted up to the groins1 wading   
himself1 pulling the nets1 and labouring
 as much as any fisherman of them all3  
and when some belike objected to him the
 baseness of his office1 he excused     
himself1 #cbdjthat if other men might   
hunt hares1 why should not he hunt      
carps8 ,many gentlemen in like sort with
 us will wade up to the arm-holes upon  
such occasions1 and voluntarily         
undertake that to satisfy their         
pleasures1 which a poor man for a good  
stipend would scarce be hired to        
undergo4 ,plutarch1 in his book de      
soler4 animal4 speaks against all       
fishing1 #cbda;as a filthy1 base1       

illiberal employment1 having neither wit
 nor perspicacity in it1 nor worth the  
labour4 ,but he that shall consider the 
variety of baits for all seasons1 and   
pretty devices which our anglers have   
invented1 peculiar lines1 false flies1  
several sleights1 c4 will say1 that it  
deserves like commendation1 requires as 
much study and perspicacity as the rest1
 and is to be preferred before many of  
them4 ,because hawking and hunting are  
very laborious1 much riding1 and many   
dangers accompany them2 but this is     
still and quiet3 and if so be the angler
 catch no fish1 yet he hath a wholesome 
walk to the brookside1 pleasant shade by
 the sweet silver streams2 he hath good 
air1 and sweet smells of fine fresh     
meadow flowers1 he hears the melodious  
harmony of birds1 he sees the swans1    
herons1 ducks1 water-horns1 coots1 c41  
and many other fowl1 with their brood1  
which he thinketh better than the noise 
of hounds1 or blast of horns1 and all   
the sport that they can make4 ,many     

other sports and recreations there be1  
much in use1 as ringing1 bowling1       
shooting1 which ,ascam recommends in a  
just volume1 and hath in former times   
been enjoined by statute1 as a defensive
 exercise1 and an #cbdb;honour to our   
land1 as well may witness our victories 
in ,france4 ,keelpins1 tronks1 quoits1  
pitching bars1 hurling1 wrestling1      
leaping1 running1 fencing1 mustering1   
swimming1 wasters1 foils1 football1     
balloon1 quintain1 c41 and many such1   
which are the common recreations of the 
country folks4 ,riding of great horses1 
running at rings1 tilts and tournaments1
 horse races1 wild-goose chases1 which  
are the disports of greater men1 and    
good in themselves1 though many         
gentlemen by that means gallop quite out
 of their fortunes4 ,but the most       
pleasant of all outward pastimes is that
 of #cbdc;,areteus1 deambulatio per     
amoena loca1 to make a petty progress1 a
 merry journey now and then with some   
good companions1 to visit friends1 see  

cities1 castles1 towns1 #cbdd,visere    
saepe amnes nitidos1 per amaenaque      
,tempe1 ,et placidas summis sectari in  
montibus auras4  ,to see the pleasant   
fields1 the crystal fountains1 ,and take
 the gentle air amongst the mountains4  
#cbde,to walk amongst orchards1 gardens1
 bowers1 mounts1 and arbours1 artificial
 wildernesses1 green thickets1 arches1  
groves1 lawns1 rivulets1 fountains1 and 
such like pleasant places1 like that    
,antiochian ,daphne1 brooks1 pools1     
fishponds1 between wood and water1 in a 
fair meadow1 by a river side1 #cbdfubi  
variae1 avium cantationes1 florum       
colores1 pratorum frutices1 c4 to       
disport in some pleasant plain1 park1   
run up a steep hill sometimes1 or sit in
 a shady seat1 must needs be a          
delectable recreation4 ,hortus principis
 et domus ad delectationem facia1 cum   
sylva1 monte et piscina1 vulgo la       
montagna3 the prince's garden at        
,ferrara #cbdg,schottus highly          
magnifies1 with the groves1 mountains1  

ponds1 for a delectable prospect1 he was
 much affected with it3 a ,persian      
paradise1 or pleasant park1 could not be
 more delectable in his sight4 ,st4     
,bernard1 in the description of his     
monastery1 is almost ravished with the  
pleasures of it4 ,a sick #cbdhman 7saith
 he7 sits upon a green bank1 and when   
the dog-star parcheth the plains1 and   
dries up rivers1 he lies in a shady     
bower1 ,fronde sub arborea ferventia    
temperat astra1 and feeds his eyes with 
variety of objects1 herbs1 trees1 to    
comfort his misery1 he receives many    
delightsome smells1 and fills his ears  
with that sweet and various harmony of  
birds3 good ,god 7saith he71 what a     
company of pleasures hast thou made for 
man6 ,he that should be admitted on a   
sudden to the sight of such a palace as 
that of ,escurial in ,spain1 or to that 
which the ,moors built at ,granada1     
,fontainebleau in ,france1 the ,turk's  
gardens in his seraglio1 wherein all    
manner of birds and beasts are kept for 

pleasure2 wolves1 bears1 lynxes1 tigers1
 lions1 elephants1 c41 or upon the banks
 of that ,thracian ,bosphorus3 the      
pope's ,belvedere in ,rome1 #cbdi;as    
pleasing as those horti pensiles in     
,babylon1 or that ,indian king's        
delightsome garden in #cbej;,aelian2 or 
#cbeathose famous gardens of the ,lord  
,cantelow in ,france1 could1 not choose1
 though he were never so ill paid1 but  
be much recreated for the time2 or many 
of our noblemen's gardens at home4 ,to  
take a boat in a pleasant evening1 and  
with music #cbebto row upon the waters1 
which ,plutarch so much applauds1 ,elian
 admires1 upon the river ,pineus3 in    
those ,thessalian fields1 beset with    
green bays1 where birds so sweetly sing 
that passengers1 enchanted as it were   
with their heavenly music1 omnium       
laborum et curarum obliviscantur1 forget
 forthwith all labours1 care1 and grief3
 or in a gondola through the ,grand     
,canal in ,venice1 to see those goodly  
palaces1 must needs refresh and give    

content to a melancholy dull spirit4 ,or
 to see the inner rooms of a fair-built 
and sumptuous edifice1 as that of the   
,persian kings1 so much renowned by     
,diodorus and ,curtius1 in which all was
 almost beaten gold1 #cbec;chairs1      
stools1 thrones1 tabernacles1 and       
pillars of gold1 plane trees1 and vines 
of gold1 grapes of precious stones1 all 
the other ornaments of pure gold1       
#cbed;,fulget gemma floris1 et jaspide  
fulva supellex1 ,strata micant          
,tyrio------  ,with sweet odours and    
perfumes1 generous wines1 opiparous     
fare1 c41 besides the gallantest young  
men1 the fairest #cbeevirgins1 puellae  
scitulae ministrantes1 the rarest       
beauties the world could afford1 and    
those set out with costly and curious   
attires1 ad stuporem usque spectantium1 
with exquisite music1 as in             
#cbef,trimaltion's house1 in every      
chamber sweet voices ever sounding day  
and night1 incomparabilis luxus1 all    
delights and pleasures in each kind     

which to please the senses could        
possibly be devised or had1 convives    
coronati1 delitiis ebrii1 c4            
,telemachus1 in ,homer1 is brought in as
 one ravished almost at the sight of    
that magnificent palace1 and rich       
furniture of ,menelaus1 when he beheld  
#cbeg;,aeris fulgorem et resonantia     
tecta corusco ,auro1 atque electro      
nitido1 sectoque elephanto1 ,argentoque 
simul4 ,talis ,jovis ardua sedes1       
,aulaque coelicolum stellans splendescit
 ,olympo4  ,such glittering of gold and 
brightest brass to shine1 ,clear amber1 
silver pure1 and ivory so fine3         
,jupiter's lofty palace1 where the gods 
do dwell1 ,was even such a one1 and did 
it not excel4  ,it will laxare animos1  
refresh the soul of man to see          
fair-built cities1 streets1 theatres1   
temples1 obelisks1 c4 ,the temple of    
,jerusalem was so fairly built of white 
marble1 with so many pyramids covered   
with gold2 tectumque templi fulvo       
coruscans auro1 nimio suo fulgore       

obcaecabat oculos itinerantium1 was so  
glorious1 and so glistened afar off1    
that the spectators might not well abide
 the sight of it4 ,but the inner parts  
were all so curiously set out with      
cedar1 gold1 jewels1 c41 as he said of  
,cleopatra's palace in                  
,egypt1--#cbeh;,crassumque trabes       
absconderat aurum1 that the beholders   
were amazed4 ,what so pleasant as to see
 some pageant or sight go by1 as at     
coronations1 weddings1 and such like    
solemnities1 to see an ambassador or a  
prince met1 received1 entertained with  
masks1 shows1 fireworks1 c4 ,to see two 
kings fight in single combat1 as ,porus 
and ,alexander2 ,canute and ,edmund     
,ironside2 ,scanderbeg and ,ferat ,bassa
 the ,turk2 when not honour alone but   
life itself is at stake1 as the         
#cbeipoet of ,hector1 ------nec enim pro
 tergore ,tauri1 ,pro bove nec certamen 
erat1 quae praemia cursus ,esse solent1 
sed pro magni viraque                   
animaque--,hectoris4  ,to behold a      

battle fought1 like that of ,crecy1 or  
,agincourt1 or ,poitiers1 qua nescio    
7saith ,froissart7 an vetustas ullam    
proferre possit clariorem4 ,to see one  
of ,caesar's triumphs in old ,rome      
revived1 or the like4 ,to be present at 
an interview1 #cbfj;as that famous of   
,henry the ,eighth and ,francis the     
,first1 so much renowned all over       
,europe2 ubi tanto apparatu 7saith      
,hubertus ,veillius7 tamque triumphali  
pompa ambo reges com eorum conjugibus   
coiere1 ut nulla unquam aetas tam       
celebria festa viderit aut audieriti1 no
 age ever saw the like4 ,so infinitely  
pleasant are such shows1 to the sight of
 which oftentimes they will come        
hundreds of miles1 give any money for a 
place1 and remember many years after    
with singular delight4 ,bodine1 when he 
was ambassador in ,england1 said he saw 
the noblemen go in their robes to the   
parliament house1 summa cum jucunditate 
vidimus1 he was much affected with the  
sight of it4 ,pomponius ,columna1 saith 

,jovius in his life1 saw thirteen       
,frenchmen1 and so many ,italians1 once 
fight for a whole army3 ,quod           
jucundissimum spectaculum in vita dicit 
sua1 the pleasantest sight that ever he 
saw in his life4 ,who would not have    
been affected with such a spectacle8 ,or
 that single combat of #cbfa ,breaute   
the ,frenchman1 and ,anthony ,schets a  
,dutchman1 before the walls of          
,sylvaducis in ,brabant1 anno #afjj4    
,they were twenty-two horse on the one  
side1 as many on the other1 which like  
,livy's ,horatii1 ,torquati and ,corvini
 fought for their own glory and         
country's honour1 in the sight and view 
of their whole city and army4 #cbfb,when
 ,julius ,caesar warred about the banks 
of ,rhone1 there came a barbarian prince
 to see him and the ,roman army1 and    
when he had beheld ,caesar a good while1
 #cbfc;,i see the gods now 7saith he7   
which before ,i heard of1 nec feliciorem
 ullam vitae meae aut optavi1 aut sensi 
diem3 it was the happiest day that ever 

he had in his life4 ,such a sight alone 
were able of itself to drive away       
melancholy2 if not for ever1 yet it must
 needs expel it for a time4 ,radzivilus 
was much taken with the pasha's palace  
in ,cairo1 and amongst many other       
objects which that place afforded1 with 
that solemnity of cutting the banks of  
the ,nile by ,imbram ,pasha1 when it    
overflowed1 besides two or three hundred
 gilded galleys on the water1 he saw two
 millions of men gathered together on   
the land1 with turbans as white as snow2
 and 'twas a goodly sight4 ,the very    
reading of feasts1 triumphs1 interviews1
 nuptials1 tilts1 tournaments1 combats1 
and monomachies1 is most acceptable and 
pleasant4 #cbfd ,franciscus ,modius hath
 made a large collection of such        
solemnities in two great tomes1 which   
whoso will may peruse4 ,the inspection  
alone of those curious iconographies of 
temples and palaces1 as that of the     
,lateran church in ,albertus ,durer1    
that of the temple of ,jerusalem in     

#cbfe;,josephus1 ,adricomius1 and       
,villalpandus3 that of the ,escurial in 
,guadas1 of ,diana at ,ephesus in       
,pliny1 ,nero's golden palace in ,rome1 
#cbff;,justinian's in ,constantinople1  
that ,peruvian ,jugo's in #cbfg;,cusco1 
ut non ab hominibus1 sed a daemoniis    
constructum videatur2 ,st4 ,mark's in   
,venice1 by ,ignatius1 with many such2  
priscorum artificum opera 7saith that   
#cbfh;interpreter of ,pausanias71 the   
rare workmanship of those ancient       
,greeks1 in theatres1 obelisks1 temples1
 statues1 gold1 silver1 ivory1 marble   
images1 non minore ferme quum leguntur1 
quam quum cernuntur1 animum delectatione
 complent1 affect one as much by reading
 almost as by sight4 ,the country hath  
his recreations1 the city his several   
gymnics and exercises1 ,may games1      
feasts1 wakes1 and merry meetings1 to   
solace themselves2 the very being in the
 country2 that life itself is a         
sufficient recreation to some men1 to   
enjoy such pleasures1 as those old      

patriarchs did4 ,diocletian1 the        
emperor1 was so much affected with it1  
that he gave over his sceptre1 and      
turned gardener4 ,constantine wrote     
twenty books of husbandry4 ,lysander1   
when ambassadors came to see him1       
bragged of nothing more than of his     
orchard1 hi sunt ordines mei4 ,what     
shall ,i say of ,cincinnatus1 ,cato1    
,tully1 and many such8 how they have    
been pleased with it1 to prune1 plant1  
inoculate and graft1 to show so many    
several kinds of pears1 apples1 plums1  
peaches1 c4 #cbfi,nunc captare feras    
laqueo1 nunc fallere visco1 ,atque etiam
 magnos canibus circundare saltus       
,insidias avibus moliri1 incendere      
vepres4  ,sometimes with traps deceive1 
with line and string ,to catch wild     
birds and beasts1 encompassing ,the     
grove with dogs1 and out of bushes      
firing4  ------et nidos aviumscrutari1  
c4  ,jucundus1 in his preface to ,cato1 
,varro1 ,columella1 c41 put out by him1 
confesseth of himself1 that he was      

mightily delighted with these husbandry 
studies1 and took extraordinary pleasure
 in them3 if the theory or speculation  
can so much affect1 what shall the place
 and exercise itself1 the practical part
 do8 ,the same confession ,i find in    
,herbastein1 ,porta1 ,camerarius1 and   
many others1 which have written of that 
subject4 ,if my testimony were aught    
worth1 ,i could say as much of myself2  
,i am vere ,saturnus2 no man ever took  
more delight in springs1 woods1 groves1 
gardens1 walks1 fishponds1 rivers1 c4   
,but #cbgj,tantalus a labris sitiens    
fugientia captat ,flumina2  ,and so do  
,i2 ,velle licet1 potiri non licet4#cbga
 ,every palace1 every city almost hath  
its peculiar walks1 cloisters1 terraces1
 groves1 theatres1 pageants1 games1 and 
several recreations2 every country1 some
 professed gymnics to exhilarate their  
minds1 and exercise their bodies4 ,the  
#cbgb;,greeks had their ,olympian1      
,pythian1 ,isthmian1 ,nemean games1 in  
honour of ,neptune1 ,jupiter1 ,apollo2  

,athens hers3 some for honour1 garlands1
 crowns2 for #cbgc;beauty1 dancing1     
running1 leaping1 like our silver games4
 ,the #cbgd,romans had their feasts1 as 
the ,athenians1 and ,lacedaemonians held
 their public banquets1 in ,pritanaeo1  
,panathenaeis1 ,thesperiis1 ,phiditiis1 
plays1 naumachies1 places for           
sea-fights1 #cbgetheatres1 amphitheatres
 able to contain #gj1jjj men1 wherein   
they had several delightsome shows to   
exhilarate the people2 #cbgf gladiators1
 combats of men with themselves1 with   
wild beasts1 and wild beasts one with   
another1 like our bull-baitings1 or     
bear-baitings 7in which many countrymen 
and citizens amongst us so much delight 
and so frequently use71 dancers on      
ropes4 ,jugglers1 wrestlers1 comedies1  
tragedies1 publicly exhibited at the    
emperor's and city's charge1 and that   
with incredible cost and magnificence4  
,in the ,low-,countries 7as             
#cbgg,meteran relates7 before these     
wars1 they had many solemn feasts1      

plays1 challenges1 artillery gardens1   
colleges of rhymers1 rhetoricians1      
poets3 and to this day1 such places are 
curiously maintained in ,amsterdam1 as  
appears by that description of ,isaacus 
,pontanus1 rerum ,amstelrod4 lib4 #b4   
cap4 #be4 ,so likewise not long since at
 ,friburg in ,germany1 as is evident by 
that relation of #cbgh,neander1 they had
 ,ludos septennales1 solemn plays every 
seven years1 which ,bocerus1 one of     
their own poets1 hath elegantly         
described3 #cbgi;,at nunc magnifico     
spectacula structa paratu ,quid memorem1
 veteri non concessura ,quirino1        
,ludorum pompa1 c4  ,in ,italy they have
 solemn declamations of certain select  
young gentlemen in ,florence 7like those
 reciters in old ,rome71 and public     
theatres in most of their cities1 for   
stage-players and others1 to exercise   
and recreate themselves4 ,all seasons   
almost1 all places1 have their several  
pastimes2 some in summer1 some in       
winter2 some abroad1 some within3 some  

of the body1 some of the mind3 and      
diverse men have diverse recreations and
 exercises4 ,domitian1 the emperor1 was 
much delighted with catching flies2     
,augustus to play with nuts amongst     
children2 #cbhj;,alexander ,severus was 
often pleased to play with whelps and   
young pigs4 #cbha;,adrian was so wholly 
enamoured with dogs and horses1 that he 
bestowed monuments and tombs of them1   
and buried them in graves4 ,in foul     
weather1 or when they can use no other  
convenient sports1 by reason of the     
time1 as we do cock-fighting1 to avoid  
idleness1 ,i think1 7though some be more
 seriously taken with it1 spend much    
time1 cost and charges1 and are too     
solicitous about it7 #cbhb,severus used 
partridges and quails1 as many          
,frenchmen do still1 and to keep birds  
in cages1 with which he was much        
pleased1 when at any time he had leisure
 from public cares and businesses4 ,he  
had 7saith ,lampridius7 tame pheasants1 
ducks1 partridges1 peacocks1 and some   

#bj1jjj ring-doves and pigeons4         
,busbequius1 the emperor's orator1 when 
he lay in ,constantinople1 and could not
 stir much abroad1 kept for his         
recreation1 busying himself to see them 
fed1 almost all manner of strange birds 
and beasts2 this was something1 though  
not to exercise his body1 yet to refresh
 his mind4 ,conradus ,gesner1 at ,zurich
 in ,switzerland1 kept so likewise for  
his pleasure1 a great company of wild   
beasts2 and 7as he saith7 took great    
delight to see them eat their meat4     
,turkey gentlewomen1 that are perpetual 
prisoners1 still mewed up according to  
the custom of the place1 have little    
else beside their household business1 or
 to play with their children to drive   
away time1 but to dally with their cats1
 which they have in delitiis1 as many of
 our ladies and gentlewomen use monkeys 
and little dogs4 ,the ordinary          
recreations which we have in winter1 and
 in most solitary times busy our minds  
with1 are cards1 tables and dice1       

shovelboard1 chess-play1 the            
philosopher's game1 small trunks1       
shuttlecock1 billiards1 music1 masks1   
singing1 dancing1 ,yule-games1 frolics1 
jests1 riddles1 catches1 purposes1      
questions and commands1 #cbhcmerry tales
 of errant knights1 queens1 lovers1     
lords1 ladies1 giants1 dwarfs1 thieves1 
cheaters1 witches1 fairies1 goblins1    
friars1 c41 such as the old woman told  
,psyche in #cbhd;,apuleius1 ,boccace    
novels1 and the rest1 quarum auditione  
pueri delectantur1 senes narratione1    
which some delight to hear1 some to     
tell2 all are well pleased with4        
,amaranthus1 the philosopher1 met       
,hermocles1 ,diophantus and ,philolaus1 
his companions1 one day busily          
discoursing about ,epicurus and         
,democritus' tenets1 very solicitous    
which was most probable and came nearest
 to truth3 to put them out of that surly
 controversy1 and to refresh their      
spirits1 he told them a pleasant tale of
 ,stratocles the physician's wedding1   

and of all the particulars1 the company1
 the cheer1 the music1 c41 for he was   
new come from it2 with which relation   
they were so much delighted1 that       
,philolaus wished a blessing to his     
heart1 and many a good wedding1#cbhe    
many such merry meetings might he be at1
 to please himself with the sight1 and  
others with the narration of it4 ,news  
are generally welcome to all our ears1  
avide audimus1 aures enim hominum       
novitate laetantur 7#cbhf;as ,pliny     
observes71 we long after rumour to hear 
and listen to it1 #cbhg;densum humeris  
bibit aure vulgus4 ,we are most part too
 inquisitive and apt to hearken after   
news1 which ,caesar1 in his             
#cbhh;,commentaries1 observes of the old
 ,gauls1 they would be inquiring of     
every carrier and passenger what they   
had heard or seen1 what news abroad8    
------quid toto fiat in orbe1 ,quid     
,seres1 quid ,thraces agant1 secreta    
novercae1 ,et pueri1 quis amet1 c4  as  
at an ordinary with us1 bakehouse or    

barber's shop4 ,when that great         
,gonsalva was upon some displeasure     
confined by ,king ,ferdinand to the city
 of ,loxa in ,andalusia1 the only1      
comfort 7saith #cbhi;,jovius7 he had to 
ease his melancholy thoughts1 was to    
hear news1 and to listen after those    
ordinary occurrences which were brought 
him cum primis1 by letters or otherwise 
out of the remotest parts of ,europe4   
,some men's whole delight is1 to take   
tobacco1 and drink all day long in a    
tavern or alehouse1 to discourse1 sing1 
jest1 roar1 talk of a cock and bull over
 a pot1 c4 ,or when three or four good  
companions meet1 tell old stories by the
 fireside1 or in the sun1 as old folks  
usually do1 quae aprici meminere senes1 
remembering afresh and with pleasure    
ancient matters1 and such like          
accidents1 which happened in their      
younger years3 others' best pastime is  
to game1 nothing to them so pleasant4   
#cbij;,hic ,veneri indulget1 hunc       
decoquit alea--many too nicely take     

exceptions at cards1 #cbiatables1 and   
dice1 and such mixed lusorious lots1    
whom ,gataker well confutes4 ,which     
though they be honest recreations in    
themselves1 yet may justly be otherwise 
excepted at1 as they are often abused1  
and forbidden as things most pernicious2
 insanam rem et damnosam1 #cbib,lemnius 
calls it4 ,for most part in these kind  
of disports 'tis not art or skill1 but  
subtlety1 cony-catching1 knavery1 chance
 and fortune carries all away3 'tis     
ambulatoria pecunia1 #cbic------puncto  
mobilis horae ,permutat dominos1 et     
cedit in altera jura4  ,they labour most
 part not to pass their time in honest  
disport1 but for filthy lucre1 and      
covetousness of money4 ,in foedissimum  
lucrum et avaritiam hominum convertitur1
 as ,daneus observes4 ,fons fraudum et  
maleficiorum1 'tis the fountain of      
cozenage and villainy4 #cbid;,a thing so
 common all over ,europe at this day1   
and so generally abused1 that many men  
are utterly undone by it1 their means   

spent1 patrimonies consumed1 they and   
their posterity beggared2 besides       
swearing1 wrangling1 drinking1 loss of  
time1 and such inconveniences1 which are
 ordinary concomitants3 #cbie;for when  
once they have got a haunt of such      
companies1 and habit of gaming1 they can
 hardly be drawn from it1 but as an itch
 it will tickle them1 and as it is with 
whoremasters1 once entered1 they cannot 
easily leave it off3 ,vexat mentes      
insania cupido1 they are mad upon their 
sport4 ,and in conclusion 7which        
,charles the ,seventh1 that good ,french
 king1 published in an edict against    
gamesters7 unde piae et hilaris vitae1  
suffugium sibi suisque liberis1 totique 
familiae1 c4 ,that which was once their 
livelihood1 should have maintained wife1
 children1 family1 is now spent and     
gone2 maeror et egestas1 c41 sorrow and 
beggary succeeds4 ,so good things may be
 abused1 and that which was first       
invented to #cbif refresh men's weary   
spirits1 when they come from other      

labours and studies to exhilarate the   
mind1 to entertain time and company1    
tedious otherwise in those long solitary
 winter nights1 and keep them from worse
 matters1 an honest exercise is         
contrarily perverted4 ,chess-play is a  
good and witty exercise of the mind for 
some kind of men1 and fit for such      
melancholy1 ,rhasis holds1 as are idle1 
and have extravagant impertinent        
thoughts1 or troubled with cares1       
nothing better to distract their mind1  
and alter their meditations3 invented   
7some say7 by the #cbig;general of an   
army in a famine1 to keep soldiers from 
mutiny3 but if it proceed from overmuch 
study1 in such a case it may do more    
harm than good2 it is a game too        
troublesome for some men's brains1 too  
full of anxiety1 all out as bad as      
study2 besides it is a testy choleric   
game1 and very offensive to him that    
loseth the mate4 #cbih,william the      
,conqueror1 in his younger years1       
playing at chess with the ,prince of    

,france 7,dauphine was not annexed to   
that crown in those days7 losing a mate1
 knocked the chess-board about his pate1
 which was a cause afterward of much    
enmity between them4 ,for some such     
reason it is belike1 that ,patritius1 in
 his #c4 book1 tit4 #ab4 de reg4 instit4
 forbids his prince to play at chess2   
hawking and hunting1 riding1 c4 he will 
allow2 and this to other men1 but by no 
means to him4 ,in ,muscovy1 where they  
live in stoves and hot houses all winter
 long1 come seldom or little abroad1 it 
is again very necessary1 and therefore  
in those parts1 7saith                  
#cbii;,herbastein7 much used4 ,at ,fez  
in ,africa1 where the like inconvenience
 of keeping within doors is through     
heat1 it is very laudable2 and 7as      
#ccjj,leo ,afer relates7 as much        
frequented4 ,a sport fit for idle       
gentlewomen1 soldiers in garrison1 and  
courtiers that have nought but love     
matters to busy themselves about1 but   
not altogether so convenient for such as

 are students4 ,the like ,i may say of  
,col4 ,bruxer's philosophy game1 ,d4    
,fulke's ,metromachia and his           
,ouronomachia1 with the rest of those   
intricate astrological and geometrical  
fictions1 for such especially as are    
mathematically given2 and the rest of   
those curious games4 ,dancing1 singing1 
masking1 mumming1 stage plays1 howsoever
 they be heavily censured by some severe
 ,catos1 yet if opportunely and soberly 
used1 may justly be approved4 ,melius   
est foedere1 quam saltare1 #ccjasaith   
,austin3 but what is that if they       
delight in it8 #ccjb,nemo saltat        
sobrius4 ,but in what kind of dance8 ,i 
know these sports have many oppugners1  
whole volumes writ against them2 when as
 all they say 7if duly considered7 is   
but ignoratio ,elenchi2 and some again1 
because they are now cold and wayward1  
past themselves1 cavil at all such      
youthful sports in others1 as he did in 
the comedy2 they think them1 illico     
nasci senes1 c4 ,some out of            

preposterous zeal object many times     
trivial arguments1 and because of some  
abuse1 will quite take away the good    
use1 as if they should forbid wine      
because it makes men drunk2 but in my   
judgment they are too stern3 there is a 
time for all things1 a time to mourn1 a 
time to dance1 ,eccles4 iii4 #d4 a time 
to embrace1 a time not to embrace1      
7verse #e47 and nothing better than that
 a man should rejoice in his own works1 
verse #bb2 for my part1 ,i will         
subscribe to the king's declaration1 and
 was ever of that mind1 those ,may      
games1 wakes1 and ,whitsun ales1 c41 if 
they be not at unseasonable hours1 may  
justly be permitted4 ,let them freely   
feast1 sing and dance1 have their       
puppet-plays1 hobby-horses1 tabors1     
crowds1 bagpipes1 c41 play at ball1 and 
barley-breaks1 and what sports and      
recreations they like best4 ,in         
,franconia1 a province of ,germany1     
7saith #ccjc;,aubanus ,bohemus7 the old 
folks1 after evening prayer1 went to the

 alehouse1 the younger sort to dance3   
and to say truth with                   
#ccjd,salisburiensis1 satius fuerat sic 
otiari1 quam turpius occupari1 better to
 do so than worse1 as without question  
otherwise 7such is the corruption of    
man's nature7 many of them will do4 ,for
 that cause1 plays1 masks1 jesters1     
gladiators1 tumblers1 jugglers1 c41 and 
all that crew is admitted and winked at3
 #ccje,tota jocularium scena procedit1  
et ideo spectacula admissa sunt1 et     
infinita tyrocinia vanitatum1 ut his    
occupentur1 qui perniciosius otiari     
solent3 that they might be busied about 
such toys1 that would otherwise more    
perniciously be idle4 ,so that as       
#ccjf,tacitus said of the astrologers in
 ,rome1 we may say of them1 genus       
hominum est quod in civitate nostra et  
vitabitur semper et retinebitur1 they   
are a debauched company most part1 still
 spoken against1 as well they deserve   
some of them 7for ,i so relish and      
distinguish them as fiddlers1 and       

musicians71 and yet ever retained4 ,evil
 is not to be done 7,i confess7 that    
good may come of it3 but this is evil   
per accidens1 and in a qualified sense1 
to avoid a greater inconvenience1 may   
justly be tolerated4 ,sir ,thomas ,more1
 in his ,utopian ,commonwealth1 #ccjg;as
 he will have none idle1 so will he have
 no man labour over hard1 to be toiled  
out like a horse1 'tis more than slavish
 infelicity1 the life of most of our    
hired servants and tradesmen elsewhere  
7excepting his ,utopians7 but half the  
day allotted for work1 and half for     
honest recreation1 or whatsoever        
employment they shall think fit for     
themselves4 ,if one half day in a week  
were allowed to our household servants  
for their merry meetings1 by their hard 
masters1 or in a year some feasts1 like 
those ,roman ,saturnals1 ,i think they  
would labour harder all the rest of     
their time1 and both parties be better  
pleased3 but this needs not 7you will   
say71 for some of them do nought but    

loiter all the week long4 ,this which ,i
 aim at1 is for such as are fracti      
animis1 troubled in mind1 to ease them1 
over-toiled on the one part1 to refresh3
 over idle on the other1 to keep        
themselves busied4 ,and to this purpose1
 as any labour or employment will serve 
to the one1 any honest recreation will  
conduce to the other1 so that it be     
moderate and sparing1 as the use of meat
 and drink2 not to spend all their life 
in gaming1 playing1 and pastimes1 as too
 many gentlemen do2 but to revive our   
bodies and recreate our souls with      
honest sports3 of which as there be     
diverse sorts1 and peculiar to several  
callings1 ages1 sexes1 conditions1 so   
there be proper for several seasons1 and
 those of distinct natures1 to fit that 
variety of humours which is amongst     
them1 that if one will not1 another may3
 some in summer1 some in winter1 some   
gentle1 some more violent1 some for the 
mind alone1 some for the body and mind3 
7as to some it is both business and a   

pleasant recreation to oversee workmen  
of all sorts1 husbandry1 cattle1 horses1
 c4 ,to build1 plot1 project1 to make   
models1 cast up accounts1 c47 some      
without1 some within doors2 new1 old1   
c41 as the season serveth1 and as men   
are inclined4 ,it is reported of        
,philippus ,bonus1 that good duke of    
,burgundy 7by ,lodovicus ,vives1 in     
,epist4 and ,pont4 #ccjh;,heuter in his 
history7 that the said duke1 at the     
marriage of ,eleonora1 sister to the    
king of ,portugal1 at ,bruges in        
,flanders1 which was solemnised in the  
deep of winter1 when1 as by reason of   
unseasonable weather1 he could neither  
hawk nor hunt1 and was now tired with   
cards1 dice1 c41 and such other domestic
 sports1 or to see ladies dance1 with   
some of his courtiers1 he would in the  
evening walk disguised all about the    
town4 ,it so fortuned1 as he was walking
 late one night1 he found a country     
fellow dead drunk1 snorting on a bulk2  
#ccji;he caused his followers to bring  

him to his palace1 and there stripping  
him of his old clothes1 and attiring him
 after the court fashion1 when he waked1
 he and they were all ready to attend   
upon his excellency1 persuading him he  
was some great duke4 ,the poor fellow   
admiring how he came there1 was served  
in state all the day long2 after supper 
he saw them dance1 heard music1 and the 
rest of those court-like pleasures3 but 
late at night1 when he was well tippled1
 and again fast asleep1 they put on his 
old robes1 and so conveyed him to the   
place where they first found him4 ,now  
the fellow had not made them so good    
sport the day before as he did when he  
returned to himself2 all the jest was1  
to see how he #ccajlooked upon it4 ,in  
conclusion1 after some little           
admiration1 the poor man told his       
friends he had seen a vision1 constantly
 believed it1 would not otherwise be    
persuaded1 and so the jest ended4       
#ccaa;,antiochus ,epiphanes would often 
disguise himself1 steal from his court1 

and go into merchants'1 goldsmiths'1 and
 other tradesmen's shops1 sit and talk  
with them1 and sometimes ride or walk   
alone1 and fall aboard with any tinker1 
clown1 serving man1 carrier1 or         
whomsoever he met first4 ,sometimes he  
did ex insperato give a poor fellow     
money1 to see how he would look1 or on  
set purpose lose his purse as he went1  
to watch who found it1 and withal how he
 would be affected1 and with such       
objects he was much delighted4 ,many    
such tricks are ordinarily put in       
practice by great men1 to exhilarate    
themselves and others1 all which are    
harmless jests1 and have their good     
uses4 ,but amongst those exercises1 or  
recreations of the mind within doors1   
there is none so general1 so aptly to be
 applied to all sorts of men1 so fit and
 proper to expel idleness and           
melancholy1 as that of study3 ,studia1  
senectutem oblectant1 adolescentiam1    
alunt1 secundas res ornant1 adversis    
perfugium et solatium praebent1 domi    

delectant1 c41 find the rest in ,tully  
pro ,archia ,poeta4 #ccab,what so full  
of content1 as to read1 walk1 and see   
maps1 pictures1 statues1 jewels1        
marbles1 which some so much magnify1 as 
those that ,phidias made of old so      
exquisite and pleasing to be beheld1    
that as #ccac;,chrysostom thinketh1 if  
any man be sickly1 troubled in mind1 or 
that cannot sleep for grief1 and shall  
but stand over against one of ,phidias' 
images1 he will forget all care1 or     
whatsoever else may molest him1 in an   
instant8 ,there be those as much taken  
with ,michael ,angelo's1 ,raphael de    
,urbino's1 ,francesco ,francia's pieces1
 and many of those ,italian and ,dutch  
painters1 which were excellent in their 
ages2 and esteem of it as a most        
pleasing sight1 to view those neat      
architectures1 devices1 escutcheons1    
coats of arms1 read such books1 to      
peruse old coins of several sorts in a  
fair gallery2 artificial works1         
perspective glasses1 old relics1 ,roman 

antiquities1 variety of colours4 ,a good
 picture is falsa veritas1 et muta      
poesis3 and though 7as #ccad,vives      
saith7 artificialia delectant1 sed mox  
fastidimus1 artificial toys please but  
for a time2 yet who is he that will not 
be moved with them for the present8     
,when ,achilles was tormented and sad   
for the loss of his dear friend         
,patroclus1 his mother ,thetis brought  
him a most elaborate and curious buckler
 made by ,vulcan1 in which were engraven
 sun1 moon1 stars1 planets1 sea1 land1  
men fighting1 running1 riding1 women    
scolding1 hills1 dales1 towns1 castles1 
brooks1 rivers1 trees1 c41 with many    
pretty landscapes1 and perspective      
pieces3 with sight of which he was      
infinitely delighted1 and much eased of 
his grief4 #ccae;,continuo eo spectaculo
 captus delenito maerore ,oblectabatur1 
in manibus tenens dei splendida dona4   
,who will not be affected so in like    
case1 or see those well-furnished       
cloisters and galleries of the ,roman   

cardinals1 so richly stored with all    
modern pictures1 old statues and        
antiquities8 ,cum se--spectando recreet 
simul et legendo1 to see their pictures 
alone and read the description1 as      
#ccaf;,boisardus well adds1 whom will it
 not affect8 which ,bozius1 ,pomponius1 
,laetus1 ,marlianus1 ,schottus1         
,cavelerius1 ,ligorius1 c41 and he      
himself hath well performed of late4 ,or
 in some prince's cabinets1 like that of
 the great dukes in ,florence1 of ,felix
 ,platerus in ,basil1 or noblemen's     
houses1 to see such variety of attires1 
faces1 so many1 so rare1 and such       
exquisite pieces1 of men1 birds1 beasts1
 c41 to see those excellent landscapes1 
,dutch works1 and curious cuts of       
,sadlier of ,prague1 ,albertus ,durer1  
,goltzius ,vrintes1 c41 such pleasant   
pieces of perspective1 ,indian pictures 
made of feathers1 ,china works1 frames1 
thaumaturgical motions1 exotic toys1 c4 
,who is he that is now wholly overcome  
with idleness1 or otherwise involved in 

a labyrinth of worldly cares1 troubles  
and discontents1 that will not be much  
lightened in his mind by reading of some
 enticing story1 true or feigned1       
whereas in a glass he shall observe what
 our forefathers have done1 the         
beginnings1 ruins1 falls1 periods of    
commonwealths1 private men's actions    
displayed to the life1 c4 #ccag         
,plutarch therefore calls them1 secundas
 mensas et bellaria1 the second course  
and junkets1 because they were usually  
read at noblemen's feasts4 ,who is not  
earnestly affected with a passionate    
speech1 well penned1 an elegant poem1 or
 some pleasant bewitching discourse1    
like that of #ccah ,heliodorus1 ubi     
oblectatio quaedam placide fuit1 cum    
hilaritate conjuncta8 ,julian the       
,apostate was so taken with an oration  
of ,libanius1 the sophister1 that1 as he
 confesseth1 he could not be quiet till 
he had read it all out4 ,legi orationem 
tuam magna ex parte1 hesterna die ante  
prandium1 pransus vero sine ulla        

intermissione totam absolvi4#ccai,o     
argumenta6 ,o compositionem6 ,i may say 
the same of this or that pleasing tract1
 which will draw his attention along    
with it4 ,to most kind of men it is an  
extraordinary delight to study4 ,for    
what a world of books offers itself1 in 
all subjects1 arts1 and sciences1 to the
 sweet content and capacity of the      
reader8 ,in arithmetic1 geometry1       
perspective1 optics1 astronomy1         
architecture1 sculpture1 painting1 of   
which so many and such elaborate        
treatises are of late written3 in       
mechanics and their mysteries1 military 
matters1 navigation1 #ccbjriding of     
horses1 #ccba;fencing1 swimming1        
gardening1 planting1 great tomes of     
husbandry1 cookery1 falconry1 hunting1  
fishing1 fowling1 c41 with exquisite    
pictures of all sports1 games1 and what 
not8 ,in music1 metaphysics1 natural and
 moral philosophy1 philology1 in policy1
 heraldry1 genealogy1 chronology1 c41   
they afford great tomes1 or those       

studies of #ccbb;antiquity1 c41 et      
#ccbcquid subtilius ,arithmeticis       
inventionibus1 quid jucundius ,musicis  
rationibus1 quid divinius ,astronomicis1
 quid rectius ,geometricis              
demonstrationibus8 ,what so sure1 what  
so pleasant8 ,he that shall but see that
 geometrical tower of ,garezenda at     
,bologna in ,italy1 the steeple and     
clock at ,strasburg1 will admire the    
effects of art1 or that engine of       
,archimedes1 to remove the earth itself1
 if he had but a place to fasten his    
instrument3 ,archimedes ,coclea1 and    
rare devices to corrivate waters1       
musical instruments1 and tri-syllable   
echoes again1 again1 and again repeated1
 with myriads of such4 ,what vast tomes 
are extant in law1 physic1 and divinity1
 for profit1 pleasure1 practice1        
speculation1 in verse or prose1 c46     
their names alone are the subject of    
whole volumes1 we have thousands of     
authors of all sorts1 many great        
libraries full well furnished1 like so  

many dishes of meat1 served out for     
several palates2 and he is a very block 
that is affected with none of them4     
,some take an infinite delight to study 
the very languages wherein these books  
are written1 ,hebrew1 ,greek1 ,syriac1  
,chaldee1 ,arabic1 c4 ,methinks it would
 please any man to look upon a          
geographical map1 #ccbdsauvi animum     
delectatione allicere1 ob incredibilem  
rerum varietatem et jucunditatem1 et ad 
pleniorem sui cognitionem excitare1     
chorographical1 topographical           
delineations1 to behold1 as it were1 all
 the remote provinces1 towns1 cities of 
the world1 and never to go forth of the 
limits of his study1 to measure by the  
seale and compass their extent1         
distance1 examine their site4 ,charles  
the ,great1 as ,platina writes1 had     
three fair silver tables1 in one of     
which superficies was a large map of    
,constantinople1 in the second ,rome    
neatly engraved1 in the third an        
exquisite description of the whole      

world1 and much delight he took in them4
 ,what greater pleasure can there now   
be1 than to view those elaborate maps of
 ,ortelius1 #ccbe,mercator1 ,hondius1   
c48 ,to peruse those books of cities1   
put out by ,braunus and ,hogenbergius8  
,to read those exquisite descriptions of
 ,maginus1 ,munster1 ,herrera1 ,laet1   
,merula1 ,boterus1 ,leander1 ,albertus1 
,camden1 ,leo ,afer1 ,adricomius1 ,nic4 
,gerbelius1 c48 ,those famous           
expeditions of ,christoph4 ,columbus1   
,americus ,vespucius1 ,marcus ,polus the
 ,venetian1 ,lod4 ,vertomannus1         
,aloysius ,cadamustus1 c48 ,those       
accurate diaries of ,portuguese1        
,hollanders1 of ,bartison1 ,oliver a    
,nort1 c4 ,hakluyt's voyages1 ,pet4     
,martyr's ,decades1 ,benzo1 ,lerius1    
,linschoten's relations1 those          
,hodoeporicons of ,jod4 a ,meggen1      
,brocard the monk1 ,bredenbachius1 ,jo4 
,dublinius1 ,sands1 c41 to ,jerusalem1  
,egypt1 and other remote places of the  
world8 those pleasant itineraries of    

,paulus ,hentzerus1 ,jodocus ,sincerus1 
,dux ,polonus1 c41 to read ,bellonius'  
observations1 ,p4 ,gillius his surveys2 
those parts of ,america1 set out1 and   
curiously cut in pictures1 by ,fratres a
 ,bry4 ,to see a well-cut herbal1 herbs1
 trees1 flowers1 plants1 all vegetables 
expressed in their proper colours to the
 life1 as that of ,matthiolus upon      
,dioscorides1 ,delacampius1 ,lobel1     
,bauhinus1 and that last voluminous and 
mighty herbal of ,beslar of ,nuremberg1 
wherein almost every plant is to his own
 bigness4 ,to see birds1 beasts1 and    
fishes of the sea1 spiders1 gnats1      
serpents1 flies1 c41 all creatures set  
out by the same art1 and truly expressed
 in lively colours1 with an exact       
description of their natures1 virtues1  
qualities1 c41 as hath been accurately  
performed by ,aelian1 ,gesner1 ,ulysses 
,aldrovandus1 ,bellonius1 ,rondoletius1 
,hippolitus ,salvianus1 c4 #ccbf;,arcana
 coeli1 naturae secreta1 ordinem        
universi scire majoris felicitatis et   

dulcedinis est1 quam cogitatione quis   
assequi possit1 aut mortalis sperare4   
,what more pleasing studies can there be
 than the mathematics1 theoretical or   
practical parts8 as to survey land1 make
 maps1 models1 dials1 c41 with which ,i 
was ever much delighted myself4 ,tails  
est ,mathematum pulchritudo 7saith #ccbg
 ,plutarch7 ut his indignum sit         
divitiarum phaleras istas et bullas1 et 
puellaria spectacula comparari2 such is 
the excellency of these studies1 that   
all those ornaments and childish bubbles
 of wealth1 are not worthy to be        
compared to them3 credi mihi 7          
#ccbhsaith one7 extingui dulce erit     
,mathematicarum artium studio1 ,i could 
even live and die with such meditation1 
#ccbi;and take more delight1 true       
content of mind in them1 than thou hast 
in all thy wealth and sport1 how rich   
soever thou art4 ,and as #cccj;,cardan  
well seconds me1 ,honorificum magis est 
et gloriosum haec intelligere1 quam     
provinciis praeesse1 formosum aut ditem 

juvenem esse4 #ccca,the like pleasure   
there is in all other studies1 to such  
as are truly addicted to them1 #cccb;ea 
suavitas 7one holds7 ut cum quis ea     
degustaverit1 quasi poculis ,circeis    
captus1 non possit unquam ab illis      
divelli2 the like sweetness1 which as   
,circe's cup bewitcheth a student1 he   
cannot leave off1 as well may witness   
those many laborious hours1 days and    
nights1 spent in the voluminous         
treatises written by them2 the same     
content4 #cccc;,julius ,scaliger was so 
much affected with poetry1 that he brake
 out into a pathetical protestation1 he 
had rather be the author of twelve      
verses in ,lucan1 or such an ode in     
#cccd;,horace1 than emperor of ,germany4
 #ccce,nicholas ,gerbelius1 that good   
old man1 was so much ravished with a few
 ,greek authors restored to light1 with 
hope and desire of enjoying the rest1   
that he exclaims forthwith1 ,arabibus   
atque ,indis omnibus erimus ditiores1 we
 shall be richer than all the ,arabic or

 ,indian princes2 of such #cccf;esteem  
they were with him1 incomparable worth  
and value4 ,seneca prefers ,zeno and    
,chrysippus1 two doting stoics 7he was  
so much enamoured of their works71      
before any prince or general of an army2
 and ,orontius1 the mathematician1 so   
far admires ,archimedes1 that he calls  
him ,divinum et homine majorem1 a petty 
god1 more than a man2 and well he might1
 for aught ,i see1 if you respect fame  
or worth4 ,pindarus1 of ,thebes1 is as  
much renowned for his poems1 as         
,epaminondas1 ,pelopidas1 ,hercules or  
,bacchus1 his fellow citizens1 for their
 warlike actions2 et si famam respicias1
 non pauciores ,aristotelis quam        
,alexandri meminerunt 7as ,cardan       
notes71 ,aristotle is more known than   
,alexander2 for we have a bare relation 
of ,alexander's deeds1 but ,aristotle1  
totus vivit in monumentis1 is whole in  
his works3 yet ,i stand not upon this2  
the delight is it1 which ,i aim at1 so  
great pleasure1 such sweet content there

 is in study4 #cccg,king ,james1 #afje1 
when he came to see our ,university of  
,oxford1 and amongst other edifices now 
went to view that famous library1       
renewed by ,sir ,thomas ,bodley1 in     
imitation of ,alexander1 at his         
departure brake out into that noble     
speech1 ,if ,i were not a king1 ,i would
 be a university man3 #ccch and if it   
were so that ,i must be a prisoner1 if  
,i might have my wish1 ,i would desire  
to have no other prison than that       
library1 and to be chained together with
 so many good authors et mortuis        
magistris4 ,so sweet is the delight of  
study1 the more learning they have 7as  
he that hath a dropsy1 the more he      
drinks the thirstier he is7 the more    
they covet to learn1 and the last day is
 prioris discipulus2 harsh at first     
learning is1 radices amarcae1 but       
fractus dulces1 according to that of    
,isocrates1 pleasant at last2 the longer
 they live1 the more they are enamoured 
with the ,muses4 ,heinsius1 the keeper  

of the library at ,leyden in ,holland1  
was mewed up in it all the year long3   
and that which to thy thinking should   
have bred a loathing1 caused in him a   
greater liking4 #ccci;,i no sooner      
7saith he7 come into the library1 but ,i
 bolt the door to me1 excluding lust1   
ambition1 avarice1 and all such vices1  
whose nurse is idleness1 the mother of  
ignorance1 and melancholy herself1 and  
in the very lap of eternity1 amongst so 
many divine souls1 ,i take my seat1 with
 so lofty a spirit and sweet content1   
that ,i pity all our great ones1 and    
rich men that know not this happiness4  
,i am not ignorant in the meantime      
7notwithstanding this which ,i have     
said7 how barbarously and basely1 for   
the most part1 our ruder gentry esteem  
of libraries and books1 how they neglect
 and contemn so great a treasure1 so    
inestimable a benefit1 as ,aesop's cock 
did the jewel he found in the dunghill2 
and all through error1 ignorance1 and   
want of education4 ,and 'tis a wonder1  

withal1 to observe how much they will   
vainly cast away in unnecessary         
expenses1 quot modis pereant 7saith     
#ccdj;,erasmus7 magnatibus pecuniae1    
quantum absumant alea1 scorta1          
compotationes1 profectiones non         
necessariae1 pompae1 bella quaesita1    
ambitio1 colax1 morio1 ludio1 c41 what  
in hawks1 hounds1 lawsuits1 vain        
building1 gormandising1 drinking1       
sports1 plays1 pastimes1 c4 ,if a       
well-minded man to the ,muses1 would sue
 to some of them for an exhibition1 to  
the farther maintenance or enlargement  
of such a work1 be it college1 lecture1 
library1 or whatsoever else may tend to 
the advancement of learning1 they are so
 unwilling1 so averse1 that they had    
rather see these which are already1 with
 such cost and care erected1 utterly    
ruined1 demolished or otherwise         
employed2 for they repine many and      
grudge at such gifts and revenues so    
bestowed3 and therefore it were in vain1
 as ,erasmus well notes1 vel ab his1 vel

 a negotiatoribus qui se ,mammonae      
dediderunt1 improbum fortasse tale      
officium exigere1 to solicit or ask     
anything of such men that are likely    
damned to riches2 to this purpose4 ,for 
my part ,i pity these men1 stultos jubeo
 esse libenter1 let them go as they are1
 in the catalogue of ,ignoramus4 ,how   
much1 on the other side1 are all we     
bound that are scholars1 to those       
munificent ,ptolemies1 bountiful        
,maecenases1 heroical patrons1 divine   
spirits1 #ccda------qui nobis haec otio 
fecerunt1 namque erit ille mihi semper  
,deus------  ,these blessings1 friend1 a
 ,deity bestow'd1 ,for never can ,i deem
 him less than ,god4  that have provided
 for us so many well-furnished          
libraries1 as well in our public        
academies in most cities1 as in our     
private colleges8 ,how shall ,i remember
 #ccdb,sir ,thomas ,bodley1 amongst the 
rest1 #ccdc,otho ,nicholson1 and the    
,right ,reverend ,john ,williams1 ,lord 
,bishop of ,lincoln 7with many other    

pious acts71 who besides that at ,st4   
,john's ,college in ,cambridge1 that in 
,westminster1 is now likewise in ,fieri 
with a library at ,lincoln 7a noble     
precedent for all corporate towns and   
cities to imitate71 ,o quam te memorem  
7vir illustrissime7 quibus elogiis8 ,but
 to my task again4 ,whosoever he is     
therefore that is overrun with          
solitariness1 or carried away with      
pleasing melancholy and vain conceits1  
and for want of employment knows not how
 to spend his time1 or crucified with   
worldly care1 ,i can prescribe him no   
better remedy than this of study1 to    
compose himself to the learning of some 
art or science4 ,provided always that   
this malady proceed not from overmuch   
study2 for in such case he adds fuel to 
the fire1 and nothing can be more       
pernicious3 let him take heed he do not 
overstretch his wits1 and make a        
skeleton of himself2 or such inamoratos 
as read nothing but play-books1 idle    
poems1 jests1 ,amadis de ,gaul1 the     

,knight of the ,sun1 the ,seven         
,champions1 ,palmerin de ,oliva1 ,huon  
of ,bordeaux1 c4 ,such many times prove 
in the end as mad as ,don ,quixote4     
,study is only prescribed to those that 
are otherwise idle1 troubled in mind1 or
 carried headlong with vain thoughts and
 imaginations1 to distract their        
cogitations 7although variety of study1 
or some serious subject1 would do the   
former no harm7 and divert their        
continual meditations another way4      
,nothing in this case better than study2
 semper aliquid memoriter ediscant1     
saith ,piso1 let them learn something   
without book1 transcribe1 translate1 c4 
,read the ,scriptures1 which ,hyperius1 
lib4 #a4 de quotid4 script4 lec4 fol4   
#gg4 holds available of itself1 #ccddthe
 mind is erected thereby from all       
worldly cares1 and hath much quiet and  
tranquillity4 ,for as #ccde;,austin well
 hath it1 'tis scientia scientiarum1    
omni melle dulcior1 omni pane suavior1  
omni vino1 hilarior3 'tis the best      

nepenthe1 surest cordial1 sweetest      
alterative1 presentest diverter3 for    
neither as #ccdf;,chrysostom well adds1 
those boughs and leaves of trees which  
are plashed for cattle to stand under1  
in the heat of the day1 in summer1 so   
much refresh them with their acceptable 
shade1 as the reading of the ,scripture 
doth recreate and comfort a distressed  
soul1 in sorrow and affliction4 ,paul   
bids pray continually2 quod cibus       
corpori1 lectio animae facit1 saith     
,seneca1 as meat is to the body1 such is
 reading to the soul4 #ccdg,to be at    
leisure without books is another hell1  
and to be buried alive4 #ccdh;,cardan   
calls a library the physic of the soul2 
#ccdi;divine authors fortify the mind1  
make men bold and constant2 and 7as     
,hyperius adds7 godly conference will   
not permit the mind to be tortured with 
absurd cogitations4 ,rhasis enjoins     
continual conference to such melancholy 
men1 perpetual discourse of some        
history1 tale1 poem1 news1 c41 alternos 

sermones edere ac bibere1 aeque jucundum
 quam cibus1 sive potus1 which feeds the
 mind as meat and drink doth the body1  
and pleaseth as much3 and therefore the 
said ,rhasis1 not without good cause1   
would have somebody still talk          
seriously1 or dispute with them1 and    
sometimes #ccejto cavil and wrangle 7so 
that it break not out to a violent      
perturbation71 for such altercation is  
like stirring of a dead fire to make it 
burn afresh1 it whets a dull spirit1 and
 will not suffer the mind to be drowned 
in those profound cogitations1 which    
melancholy men are commonly troubled    
with4 #ccea;,ferdinand and ,alphonsus1  
kings of ,arragon and ,sicily1 were both
 cured by reading the history1 one of   
,curtius1 the other of ,livy1 when no   
prescribed physic would take place4     
#cceb;,camerarius relates as much of    
,lorenzo de' ,medici4 ,heathen          
philosophers arc so full of divine      
precepts in this kind1 that1 as some    
think1 they alone are able to settle a  

distressed mind4 #ccec,sunt verba et    
voces1 quibus hunc lenire dolorem1 c4   
,epictetus1 ,plutarch1 and ,seneca2     
qualis ille1 quae tela1 saith ,lipsius1 
adversus omnes animi casus administrat1 
et ipsam mortem1 quomodo vitia eripit1  
infert virtutes8 when ,i read ,seneca1  
#ccedmethinks ,i am beyond all human    
fortunes1 on the top of a hill above    
mortality4 ,plutarch saith as much of   
,homer1 for which cause belike          
,niceratus1 in ,xenophon1 was made by   
his parents to con ,homer's ,iliads and 
,odysseys without book1 ut in virum     
bonum evaderet1 as well to make him a   
good and honest man1 as to avoid        
idleness4 ,if this comfort be got from  
philosophy1 what shall be had from      
divinity8 ,what shall ,austin1 ,cyprian1
 ,gregory1 ,bernard's divine meditations
 afford us8 #ccee,qui quid sit pulchrum1
 quid turpe1 quid utile1 quid non1      
,plenius et melius ,chrysippo et        
,crantore dicunt4  ,nay1 what shall the 
,scripture itself8 ,which is like an    

apothecary's shop1 wherein are all      
remedies for all infirmities of mind1   
purgatives1 cordials1 alteratives1      
corroboratives1 lenitives1 c4 ,every    
disease of the soul1 saith              
#ccef;,austin1 hath a peculiar medicine 
in the ,scripture2 this only is         
required1 that the sick man take the    
potion which ,god hath already tempered4
 #cceg;,gregory calls it a glass wherein
 we may see all our infirmities1 ignitum
 colloquium1 ,psalm cxix4 #adj4         
#cceh,origen a charm4 ,and therefore    
,hierom prescribes ,rusticus the monk1  
#ccei;continually to read the           
,scripture1 and to meditate on that     
which he hath read2 for as mastication  
is to meat1 so is meditation on that    
which we read4 ,i would for these causes
 wish him that1 is melancholy to use    
both human and divine authors1          
voluntarily to impose some task upon    
himself1 to divert his melancholy       
thoughts3 to study the art of memory1   
,cosmus ,rosselius1 ,pet4 ,ravennas1    

,scenkelius' ,detectus1 or practise     
brachygraphy1 c41 that will ask a great 
deal of attention3 or let him           
demonstrate a proposition in ,euclid1 in
 his five last books1 extract a square  
root1 or study ,algebra3 than which1 as 
#ccfj;,clavius holds1 in all human      
disciplines nothing can be more         
excellent and pleasant1 so abstruse and 
recondite1 so bewitching1 so miraculous1
 so ravishing1 so easy withal and full  
of delight1 omnem humanum captum        
superare videtur4 ,by this means you may
 define ex ungue leonem1 as the diverb  
is1 by his thumb alone the bigness of   
,hercules1 or the true dimensions of the
 great #ccfa;,colossus1 ,solomon's      
temple1 and ,domitian's amphitheatre out
 of a little part4 ,by this art you may 
contemplate the variation of the        
twenty-three letters1 which may be so   
infinitely varied1 that the words       
complicated and deduced thence will not 
be contained within the compass of the  
firmament2 ten words may be varied      

#dj1cbj several ways3 by this art you   
may examine how many men may stand one  
by another in the whole superficies of  
the earth1 some say                     
#adh1def1hjj1jjj1jjj1 assignando        
singulis passum quadratum 7assigning a  
square foot to each71 how many men1     
supposing all the world as habitable as 
,france1 as fruitful and so long-lived1 
may be born in #fj1jjj years1 and so may
 you demonstrate with #ccfb;,archimedes 
how many sands the mass of the whole    
world might contain if all sandy1 if you
 did but first know how much a small    
cube as big as a mustard-seed might     
hold1 with infinite such4 ,but in all   
nature what is there so stupendous as to
 examine and calculate the motion of the
 planets1 their magnitudes1 apogees1    
perigees1 eccentricities1 how far       
distant from the earth1 the bigness1    
thickness1 compass of the firmament1    
each star1 with their diameters and     
circumference1 apparent area1           
superficies1 by those curious helps of  

glasses1 astrolabes1 sextants1          
quadrants1 of which ,tycho ,brahe in his
 mechanics1 optics 7#ccfc;divine optics7
 arithmetic1 geometry1 and such like    
arts and instruments8 ,what so intricate
 and pleasing withal1 as to peruse and  
practise ,heron ,alexandrinus's works1  
de spiritalibus1 de machinis bellicis1  
de machina se movente1 ,jordani         
,nemorarii de ponderibus proposit4 #ac1 
that pleasant tract of ,machometes      
,bragdedinus de superficierum           
divisionibus1 ,apollonius's ,conics1 or 
,commandinus's labours in that kind1 de 
centro gravitatis1 with many such       
geometrical theorems and problems8      
,those rare instruments and mechanical  
inventions of ,jac4 ,bessonus1 and      
,cardan to this purpose1 with many such 
experiments intimated long since by     
,roger ,bacon1 in his tract de          
#ccfd,secretis artis et naturae1 as to  
make a chariot to move sine animali1    
diving boats1 to walk on the water by   
art1 and to fly in the air1 to make     

several cranes and pulleys1 quibus homo 
trahat ad se mille homines1 lift up and 
remove great weights1 mills to move     
themselves1 ,archita's dove1 ,albertus's
 brazen head1 and such thaumaturgical   
works4 ,but especially to do strange    
miracles by glasses1 of which ,proclus  
and ,bacon writ of old1 burning glasses1
 multiplying glasses1 perspectives1 ut  
unus homo appareat exercitus1 to see    
afar off1 to represent solid bodies by  
cylinders and concaves1 to walk in the  
air1 ut veraciter videant1 7saith       
,bacon7 aurum et argentum et quicquid   
aliud volunt1 et quum veniant ad locum  
visionis1 nihil inveniant1 which glasses
 are much perfected of late by ,baptista
 ,porta and ,galileo1 and much more is  
promised by ,maginus and ,midorgius1 to 
be performed in this kind4              
,otocousticons some speak of1 to intend 
hearing1 as the other do sight2         
,marcellus ,vrencken1 a ,hollander1 in  
his epistle to ,burgravius1 makes       
mention of a friend of his that is about

 an instrument1 quo videbit quae in     
altero horizonte sint4 ,but our         
alchemists1 methinks1 and ,rosicrucians 
afford most rarities1 and are fuller of 
experiments3 they can make gold1        
separate and alter metals1 extract oils1
 salts1 lees1 and do more strange works 
than ,geber1 ,lullius1 ,bacon1 or any of
 those ancients4 ,crollius hath made    
after his master ,paracelsus1 aurum     
fulminans1 or aurum volatile1 which     
shall imitate thunder and lightning1 and
 crack louder than any gunpowder2       
,cornelius ,drible a perpetual motion1  
inextinguishable lights1 linum non      
ardens1 with many such feats2 see his   
book de natura elementorum1 besides     
hail1 wind1 snow1 thunder1 lightning1   
c41 those strange fireworks1 devilish   
petards1 and such like warlike          
machinations derived hence1 of which    
read ,tartalea and others4 ,ernestus    
,burgravius1 a disciple of ,paracelsus1 
hath published a discourse1 in which he 
specifies a lamp to be made of man's    

blood1 ,lucerna vitae et mortis index1  
so he terms it1 which chemically        
prepared forty days1 and afterwards kept
 in a glass1 shall show all the         
accidents of this life2 si lampus hic   
clarus1 tunc homo hilaris et sanus      
corpore et animo2 si nebulosus et       
depressus1 male afficitur1 et sic pro   
statu hominis variatur1 unde sumptus    
sanguis2 #ccfe;and which is most        
wonderful1 it dies with the party1 cum  
homine perit1 et evanescit1 the lamp and
 the man whence the blood was taken1 are
 extinguished together4 ,the same author
 hath another tract of ,mumia 7all out  
as vain and prodigious as the first7 by 
which he will cure most diseases1 and   
transfer them from a man to a beast1 by 
drawing blood from one1 and applying it 
to the other1 vel in plantam derivare1  
and an ,alexi-pharmacum1 of which ,roger
 ,bacon of old in his ,tract4 de        
retardanda senectute1 to make a man     
young again1 live three or four hundred 
years4 ,besides panaceas1 martial       

amulets1 unguentum armarium1 balsams1   
strange extracts1 elixirs1 and such like
 magico-magnetical cures4 ,now what so  
pleasing can there be as the speculation
 of these things1 to read and examine   
such experiments1 or if a man be more   
mathematically given1 to calculate1 or  
peruse ,napier's ,logarithms1 or those  
tables of artificial #ccffsines and     
tangents1 not long since set out by mine
 old collegiate1 good friend1 and late  
fellow-student of ,christ ,church in    
,oxford1 #ccfg,mr4 ,edmund ,gunter1     
which will perform that by addition and 
subtraction only1 which heretofore      
,regiomontanus's tables did by          
multiplication and division1 or those   
elaborate conclusions of his            
#ccfhsector1 quadrant1 and cross-staff4 
,or let him that is melancholy calculate
 spherical triangles1 square a circle1  
cast a nativity1 which howsoever some   
tax1 ,i say with #ccfi;,garcaeus1       
dabimus hoc petulantibus ingeniis1 we   
will in some cases allow3 or let him    

make an ephemerides1 read ,suisset the  
calculator's works1 ,scaliger de        
emendatione temporum1 and ,petavius his 
adversary1 till he understand them1     
peruse subtle ,scotus and ,suarez's     
metaphysics1 or school divinity1 ,occam1
 ,thomas1 ,entisberus1 ,durand1 c4 ,if  
those other do not affect him1 and his  
means be great1 to employ his purse and 
fill his head1 he may go find the       
philosopher's stone2 he may apply his   
mind1 ,i say1 to heraldry1 antiquity1   
invent impresses1 emblems2 make         
epithalamiums1 epitaphs1 elegies1       
epigrams1 palindroma epigrammata1       
anagrams1 chronograms1 acrostics1 upon  
his friends' names2 or write a comment  
on ,martianus ,capella1 ,tertullian de  
pallio1 the ,nubian geography1 or upon  
,aelia ,laelia ,crispis1 as many idle   
fellows have essayed2 and rather than do
 nothing1 vary a #ccgjverse a thousand  
ways with ,putean1 so torturing his     
wits1 or as ,rainnerus of ,luneburg1    
#ccgabaej times in his ,proteus         

,poeticus1 or ,scaliger1 ,chrysolithus1 
,cleppissius1 and others1 have in like  
sort done4 ,if such voluntary tasks1    
pleasure and delight1 or crabbedness of 
these studies1 will not yet divert their
 idle thoughts1 and alienate their      
imaginations1 they must be compelled1   
saith ,christophorus a ,vega1 cogi      
debent1 l4 #e4 c4 #ad1 upon some mulct1 
if they perform it not1 quod ex officio 
incumbat1 loss of credit or disgrace1   
such as our public ,university          
exercises4 ,for1 as he that plays for   
nothing will not heed his game2 no more 
will voluntary employment so thoroughly 
affect a student1 except he be very     
intent of himself1 and take an          
extraordinary delight in the study1     
about which he is conversant4 ,it should
 be of that nature his business1 which  
volens nolens he must necessarily       
undergo1 and without great loss1 mulct1 
shame1 or hindrance1 he may not omit4   
,now for women1 instead of laborious    
studies1 they have curious needleworks1 

cut-works1 spinning1 bone-lace1 and many
 pretty devices of their own making1 to 
adorn their houses1 cushions1 carpets1  
chairs1 stools1 7for she eats not the   
bread of idleness1 ,prov4 xxxi4 #bg4    
quaesivit lanam et linum7 confections1  
conserves1 distillations1 c41 which they
 show to strangers4 #ccgb;,ipsa comes   
praesesque operis venientibus ultro     
,hospitibus monstrare solet1 non        
segniter horas ,contestata suas1 sed nec
 sibi depertisse4  ,which to her guests 
she shows1 with all her pelf1 ,thus far 
my maids1 but this ,i did myself4  ,this
 they have to busy themselves about1    
household offices1 c41 #ccgc neat       
gardens1 full of exotic1 versicolour1   
diversely varied1 sweet-smelling        
flowers1 and plants in all kinds1 which 
they are most ambitious to get1 curious 
to preserve and keep1 proud to possess1 
and much many times brag of4 ,their     
merry meetings and frequent visitations1
 mutual invitations in good towns1 ,i   
voluntarily omit1 which are so much in  

use1 gossiping among the meaner sort1   
c41 old folks have their beads3 an      
excellent invention to keep them from   
idleness1 that are by nature melancholy1
 and past all affairs1 to say so many   
paternosters1 avemarias1 creeds1 if it  
were not profane and superstitious4 ,in 
a word1 body and mind must be exercised1
 not one1 but both1 and that in a       
mediocrity2 otherwise it will cause a   
great inconvenience4 ,if the body be    
overtired1 it tires the mind4 ,the mind 
oppresseth the body1 as with students it
 oftentimes falls out1 who 7as          
#ccgd,plutarch observes7 have no care of
 the body1 but compel that which is     
mortal to do as much as that which is   
immortal3 that which is earthly1 as that
 which is ethereal4 ,but as the ox      
tired1 told the camel1 7both serving one
 master7 that refused to carry some part
 of his burden1 before it were long he  
should be compelled to carry all his    
pack1 and skin to boot 7which by and by1
 the ox being dead1 fell out71 the body 

may say to the soul1 that will give him 
no respite or remission3 a little after1
 an ague1 vertigo1 consumption1 seizeth 
on them both1 all his study is omitted1 
and they must be compelled to be sick   
together3 he that tenders his own good  
estate1 and health1 must let them draw  
with equal yoke1 both alike1 #ccge that 
so they may happily enjoy their wished  
health4  ,,memb4 ,v4  ,waking and       
terrible ,dreams rectified4  ,as waking 
that hurts1 by all means must be        
avoided1 so sleep1 which so much helps1 
by like ways1 #ccgfmust be procured1 by 
nature or art1 inward or outward        
medicines1 and be protracted longer than
 ordinary1 if it may be1 as being an    
especial help4 ,it moistens and fattens 
the body1 concocts1 and helps digestion 
7as we see in dormice1 and those ,alpine
 mice that sleep all winter71 which     
,gesner speaks of1 when they are so     
found sleeping under the snow in the    
dead of winter1 as fat as butter4 ,it   
expels cares1 pacifies the mind1        

refresheth the weary limbs after long   
work3 #ccgg,somne quies rerum1          
placidissime somne deorum1 ,pax animi1  
quem cura fugit1 qui corpora duris      
,fessa ministeriis mulces reparasque    
labori4  ,sleep1 rest of things1 ,o     
pleasing deity1 ,peace of the soul1     
which cares dost crucify1 ,weary bodies 
refresh and mollify4  ,the chiefest     
thing in all physic1 #ccgh,paracelsus   
calls it1 omnia arcana gemmarum superans
 et metallorum4 ,the fittest time is    
#ccgitwo or three hours after supper1   
when as the meat is now settled at the  
bottom of the stomach1 and 'tis good to 
lie on the right side first1 because at 
that site the liver doth rest under the 
stomach1 not molesting any way1 but     
heating him as a fire doth a kettle1    
that is put to it4 ,after the first     
sleep 'tis not amiss to lie on the left 
side1 that the meat may the better      
descend2 and sometimes again on the     
belly1 but never on the back4 ,seven or 
eight hours is a competent time for a   

melancholy man to rest1 as ,crato       
thinks2 but as some do1 to lie in bed   
and not sleep1 a day1 or half a day     
together1 to give assent to pleasing    
conceits and vain imaginations1 is many 
ways pernicious4 ,to procure this sweet 
moistening sleep1 it's best to take away
 the occasions 7if it be possible7 that 
hinder it1 and then to use such inward  
or outward remedies1 which may cause it4
 ,constat hodie 7saith ,boissardus in   
his tract de magia1 cap4 #d47 multos ita
 fascinari ut noctes integras exigant   
insomnes1 summa1 inquietudine animorum  
et corporum2 many cannot sleep for      
witches and fascinations1 which are too 
familiar in some places2 they call it1  
dare alicui malam noctem4 ,but the      
ordinary causes are heat and dryness1   
which must first be removed3 #cchj;a hot
 and dry brain never sleeps well3 grief1
 fears1 cares1 expectations1 anxieties1 
great businesses1 #ccha;,in aurum       
utramque otiose ut dormias1 and all     
violent perturbations of the mind1 must 

in some sort be qualified1 before we can
 hope for any good repose4 ,he that     
sleeps in the daytime1 or is in         
suspense1 fear1 any way troubled in     
mind1 or goes to bed upon a full        
#cchbstomach1 may never hope for quiet  
rest in the night2 nec enim meritoria   
somnos admittunt1 as the #cchcpoet      
saith2 inns and such like troublesome   
places are not for sleep2 one calls     
ostler1 another tapster1 one cries and  
shouts1 another sings1 whoops1 halloos1 
#cchd------;absentem cantat amicam1     
,multa prolutus vappa nauta atque       
viator4  ,who not accustomed to such    
noises can sleep amongst them8 ,he that 
will intend to take his rest must go to 
bed animo securo1 quieto et libero1 with
 a #cchesecure and composed mind1 in a  
quiet place3 omnia noctes erunt placida 
composta quiete3 and if that will not   
serve1 or may not be obtained1 to seek  
then such means as are requisite4 ,to   
lie in clean linen and sweet2 before he 
goes to bed1 or in bed1 to hear         

#cchfsweet music1 which ,ficinus        
commends1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bd1 or as      
,jobertus1 med4 pract4 lib4 #c4 cap4    
#aj4 #cchgto read some pleasant author  
till he be asleep1 to have a basin of   
water still dropping by his bedside1 or 
to lie near that pleasant murmur1 lene  
sonantis aquae4 ,some floodgates1       
arches1 falls of water1 like ,london    
,bridge1 or some continuate noise which 
may benumb the senses1 lenis motus1     
silentium et tenebra1 tum et ipsa       
voluntas somnos faciunt2 as a gentle    
noise to some procures sleep1 so1 which 
,bernardinus ,tilesius1 lib4 de somno1  
well observes1 silence1 in a dark room1 
and the will itself1 is most available  
to others4 ,piso commends frications1   
,andrew ,borde a good draught of strong 
drink before one goes to bed2 ,i say1 a 
nutmeg and ale1 or a good draught of    
,muscadine1 with a toast and nutmeg1 or 
a posset of the same1 which many use in 
a morning1 but methinks1 for such as    
have dry brains1 are much more proper at

 night2 some prescribe a #cchh sup of   
vinegar as they go to bed1 a spoonful1  
saith ,aetius ,tetrabib4 lib4 #b4 ser4  
#b4 cap4 #aj4 lib4 #f4 cap4 #aj4        
,aegineta1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #ad4 ,piso1 a  
little after meat1 #cchi;because it     
rarefies melancholy1 and procures an    
appetite to sleep4 ,donat4 ab ,altomar4 
cap4 #g4 and ,mercurialis approve of it1
 if the malady proceed from the         
#ccijspleen4 ,salust4 ,salvian4 lib4 #b4
 cap4 #a4 de remed4 ,hercules de        
,saxonia in ,pan4 ,aelinus1 ,montaltus  
de morb4 capitis1 cap4 #bh4 de ,melan4  
are altogether against it4 ,lod4        
,mercatus1 de inter4 ,morb4 cau4 lib4   
#a4 cap4 #ag4 in some cases doth allow  
it4 #ccia,rhasis seems to deliberate of 
it1 though ,simeon commend it 7in sauce 
peradventure7 he makes a question of it3
 as for baths1 fomentations1 oils1      
potions1 simples or compounds1 inwardly 
taken to this purpose1 #ccib ,i shall   
speak of them elsewhere4 ,if1 in the    
midst of the night1 when they lie awake1

 which is usual to toss and tumble1 and 
not sleep1 #ccic ,ranzovius would have  
them1 if it be in warm weather1 to rise 
and walk three or four turns 7till they 
be cold7 about the chamber1 and then go 
to bed again4 ,against fearful and      
troublesome dreams1 ,incubus and such   
inconveniences1 wherewith melancholy men
 are molested1 the best remedy is to eat
 a light supper1 and of such meats as   
are easy of digestion1 no hare1 venison1
 beef1 c41 not to lie on his back1 not  
to meditate or think in the daytime of  
any terrible objects1 or especially talk
 of them before he goes to bed4 ,for1 as
 he said in ,lucian after such          
conference1 ,hecates somniare mihi      
videor1 ,i can think of nothing but     
hobgoblins3 and as ,tully notes1 #ccid  
for the most part our speeches in the   
daytime cause our fantasy to work upon  
the like in our sleep1 which ,ennius    
writes of ,homer3 ,et canis in somnis   
leporis vestigia latrat3 as a dog dreams
 of a hare1 so do men on such subjects  

they thought on last4 #ccie,somnia quae 
mentes ludunt volitantibus umbris1 ,nec 
delubra deum1 nec ab aethere numina     
mittunt1 ,sed sibi quisque facit1 c4    
,for that cause when ,ptolemy1 king of  
,egypt1 had posed the seventy           
interpreters in order1 and asked the    
nineteenth man what would make one sleep
 quietly in the night1 he told him1     
#ccifthe best way was to have divine and
 celestial meditations1 and to use      
honest actions in the daytime4          
#ccig,lod4 ,vives wonders how schoolmen 
could sleep quietly1 and were not       
terrified in the night1 or walk in the  
dark1 they had such monstrous questions1
 and thought of such terrible matters   
all day long4 ,they had need1 amongst   
the rest1 to sacrifice to god ,morpheus1
 whom #ccih ,philostratus paints in a   
white and black coat1 with a horn and   
ivory box full of dreams1 of the same   
colours1 to signify good and bad4 ,if   
you will know how to interpret them1    
read ,artemidorus1 ,sambucus and        

,cardan2 but how to help them1 #ccii;,i 
must refer you to a more convenient     
place4  ,,memb4 ,,vi4  ,,subsect4       
,i4--,perturbations of the mind         
rectified4 ,from himself1 by resisting  
to the utmost1 confessing his grief to a
 friend1 c4  ,whosoever he is that shall
 hope to cure this malady in himself or 
any other1 must first rectify these     
passions and perturbations of the mind3 
the chiefest cure consists in them4 ,a  
quiet mind is that voluptas1 or summum  
bonum of ,epicurus1 non dolere1 curis   
vacare1 animo tranquillo esse1 not to   
grieve1 but to want cares1 and have a   
quiet soul1 is the only pleasure of the 
world1 as ,seneca truly recites his     
opinion1 not that of eating and         
drinking1 which injurious ,aristotle    
maliciously puts upon him1 and for which
 he is still mistaken1 male audit et    
vapulat1 slandered without a cause1 and 
lashed by all posterity4 #cdjj;,fear and
 sorrow1 therefore1 are especially to be
 avoided1 and the mind to be mitigated  

with mirth1 constancy1 good hope2 vain  
terror1 bad objects are to be removed1  
and all such persons in whose companies 
they be not well pleased4 ,gualter      
,bruel4 ,fernelius1 consil4 #dc4        
,mercurialis1 consil4 #f4 ,piso1        
,jacchinus1 cap4 #ae4 in #i4 ,rhasis1   
,capivaccius1 ,hildesheim1 c41 all      
inculcate this as an especial means of  
their cure1 that their #cdjaminds be    
quietly pacified1 vain conceits         
diverted1 if it be possible1 with       
terrors1 cares1 #cdjb fixed studies1    
cogitations1 and whatsoever it is that  
shall any way molest or trouble the     
soul1 because that otherwise there is no
 good to be done4 #cdjc,the body's      
mischiefs1 as ,plato proves1 proceed    
from the soul3 and if the mind be not   
first satisfied1 the body can never be  
cured4 ,alcibiades raves 7saith         
#cdjd,maximus ,tyrius7 and is sick1 his 
furious desires carry him from ,lyceus  
to the pleading place1 thence to the    
sea1 so into ,sicily1 thence to         

,lacedaemon1 thence to ,persia1 thence  
to ,samos1 then again to ,athens2       
,critias tyranniseth over all the city2 
,sardanapalus is lovesick2 these men are
 ill-affected all1 and can never be     
cured1 till their minds be otherwise    
qualified4 ,crato1 therefore1 in that   
often-cited ,counsel of his for a       
nobleman his patient1 when he had       
sufficiently informed him in diet1 air1 
exercise1 ,venus1 sleep1 concludes with 
these as matters of greatest moment1    
,quod reliquum est1 animae accidentia   
corrigantur1 from which alone proceeds  
melancholy2 they are the fountain1 the  
subject1 the hinges whereon it turns1   
and must necessarily be reformed4       
#cdje;,for anger stirs choler1 heats the
 blood and vital spirits2 sorrow on the 
other side refrigerates the body1 and   
extinguisheth natural heat1 overthrows  
appetite1 hinders concoction1 dries up  
the temperature1 and perverts the       
understanding3 fear dissolves the       
spirits1 infects the heart1 attenuates  

the soul3 and for these causes all      
passions and perturbations must1 to the 
uttermost of our power and most         
seriously1 be removed4 ,aelianus        
,montaltus attributes so much to them1  
#cdjfthat he holds the rectification of 
them alone to be sufficient to the cure 
of melancholy in most patients4 ,many   
are fully cured when they have seen or  
heard1 c41 enjoy their desires1 or be   
secured and satisfied in their minds2   
,galen1 the common master of them all1  
from whose fountain they fetch water1   
brags1 lib4 #a4 de san4 tuend41 that he1
 for his part1 hath cured divers of this
 infirmity1 solum animis ad rectum      
institutis1 by right settling alone of  
their minds4 ,yea1 but you will here    
infer1 that this is excellent good      
indeed if it could be done2 but how     
shall it be effected1 by whom1 what art1
 what means8 hic labor1 hoc opus est4   
',tis a natural infirmity1 a most       
powerful adversary1 all men are subject 
to passions1 and melancholy above all   

others1 as being distempered by their   
innate humours1 abundance of choler     
adust1 weakness of parts1 outward       
occurrences2 and how shall they be      
avoided8 ,the wisest men1 greatest      
philosophers of most excellent wit1     
reason1 judgment1 divine spirits1 cannot
 moderate themselves in this behalf2    
such as are sound in body and mind1     
,stoics1 heroes1 ,homer's gods1 all are 
passionate1 and furiously carried       
sometimes2 and how shall we that are    
already crazed1 fracti animis1 sick in  
body1 sick in mind1 resist8 we cannot   
perform it4 ,you may advise and give    
good precepts1 as who cannot8 ,but how  
shall they be put in practice8 ,i may   
not deny but our passions are violent1  
and tyrannise of us1 yet there be means 
to curb them2 though they be headstrong1
 they may be tamed1 they may be         
qualified1 if he himself or his friends 
will but use their honest endeavours1 or
 make use of such ordinary helps as are 
commonly prescribed4 ,he himself 7,i    

say72 from the patient himself the first
 and chiefest remedy must be had2 for if
 he be averse1 peevish1 waspish1 give   
way wholly to his passions1 will not    
seek to be helped1 or be ruled by his   
friends1 how is it possible he should be
 cured8 ,but if he be willing at least1 
gentle1 tractable1 and desire his own   
good1 no doubt but he may magnam morbi  
deponere partem1 be eased at least1 if  
not cured4 ,he himself must do his      
utmost endeavour to resist and withstand
 the beginnings4 ,principiis obsta1     
,give not water passage1 no not a       
little1 ,ecclus4 xxv4 #bg4 ,if they open
 a little1 they will make a greater     
breach at length4 ,whatsoever it is that
 runneth in his mind1 vain conceit1 be  
it pleasing or displeasing1 which so    
much affects or troubleth him1 #cdjg;by 
all possible means he must withstand it1
 expel those vain1 false1 frivolous     
imaginations1 absurd conceits1 feigned  
fears and sorrows2 from which1 saith    
,piso1 this disease primarily proceeds1 

and takes his first occasion or         
beginning1 by doing something or other  
that shall be opposite unto them1       
thinking of something else1 persuading  
by reason1 or howsoever to make a sudden
 alteration of them4 ,though he have    
hitherto run in a full career1 and      
precipitated himself1 following his     
passions1 giving reins to his appetite1 
let him now stop upon a sudden1 curb    
himself in2 and as #cdjh,lemnius        
adviseth1 strive against with all his   
power1 to the utmost of his endeavour1  
and not cherish those fond imaginations1
 which so covertly creep into his mind1 
most pleasing and amiable at first1 but 
bitter as gall at last1 and so          
headstrong1 that by no reason1 art1     
counsel1 or persuasion1 they may be     
shaken off4 ,though he be far gone1 and 
habituated unto such fantastical        
imaginations1 yet as #cdji,tully and    
,plutarch advise1 let him oppose1       
fortify1 or prepare himself against     
them1 by premeditation1 reason1 or as we

 do by a crooked staff1 bend himself    
another way4 #cdaj,tu tamen interea     
effugito quae tristia mentem            
,solicitant1 procul esse jube curasque  
metumque ,pallentum1 ultrices iras1 sint
 omnia laeta4  ,in the meantime expel   
them from thy mind1 ,pale fears1 sad    
cares1 and griefs which do it grind1    
,revengeful anger1 pain and discontent1 
,let all thy soul be set on merriment4  
,curas tolle graves1 irasci crede       
profanum4 ,if it be idleness hath caused
 this infirmity1 or that he perceive    
himself given to solitariness1 to walk  
alone1 and please his mind with fond    
imaginations1 let him by all means avoid
 it2 'tis a bosom enemy1 'tis           
delightsome melancholy1 a friend in     
show1 but a secret devil1 a sweet       
poison1 it will in the end be his       
undoing2 let him go presently1 task or  
set himself a work1 get some good       
company4 ,if he proceed1 as a gnat flies
 about a candle1 so long till at length 
he burn his bodv1 so in the end he will 

undo himself3 if it be any harsh object1
 ill company1 let him presently go from 
it4 ,if by his own default1 through ill 
diet1 bad air1 want of exercise1 c41 let
 him now begin to reform himself4 ,it   
would be a perfect remedy against all   
corruption1 if1 as #cdaa,roger ,bacon   
hath it1 we could but moderate ourselves
 in those six non-natural things4       
#cdab;,if it be any disgrace1 abuse1    
temporal loss1 calumny1 death of        
friends1 imprisonment1 banishment1 be   
not troubled with it1 do not fear1 be   
not angry1 grieve not at it1 but with   
all courage sustain it4 7,gordonius1    
lib4 #a4 c4 #ae4 de conser4 vit47 ,tu   
contra audentior ito4 #cdac;,if it be   
sickness1 ill success1 or any adversity 
that hath caused it1 oppose an          
invincible courage1 fortify thyself by  
,god's word1 or otherwise1 mala bonis   
persuadenda1 set prosperity against     
adversity1 as we refresh our eyes by    
seeing some pleasant meadow1 fountain1  
picture1 or the like3 recreate thy mind 

by some contrary object1 with some more 
pleasing meditation divert thy thoughts4
 ,yea1 but you infer again1 facile      
consilium damus aliis1 we can easily    
give counsel to others2 every man1 as   
the saying is1 can tame a shrew but he  
that hath her2 si hic esses1 aliter     
sentires2 if you were in our misery1 you
 would find it otherwise1 'tis not so   
easily performed4 ,we know this to be   
true2 we should moderate ourselves1 but 
we are furiously carried1 we cannot make
 use of such precepts1 we are overcome1 
sick1 male sani1 distempered and        
habituated to these courses1 we can make
 no resistance2 you may as well bid him 
that is diseased not to feel pain1 as a 
melancholy man not to fear1 not to be   
sad3 'tis within his blood1 his brains1 
his whole temperature1 it cannot be     
removed4 ,but he may choose whether he  
will give way too far unto it1 he may in
 some sort correct himself4 ,a          
philosopher was bitten with a mad dog1  
and as the nature of that disease is to 

abhor all waters1 and liquid things1 and
 to think still they see the picture of 
a dog before them3 he went for all this1
 reluctante se1 to the bath1 and seeing 
there 7as he thought7 in the water the  
picture of a dog1 with reason overcame  
this conceit1 quid cani cum balneo8 what
 should a dog do in a bath8 a mere      
conceit4 ,thou thinkest thou hearest and
 seest devils1 black men1 c41 'tis not  
so1 'tis thy corrupt fantasy2 settle    
thine imagination1 thou art well4 ,thou 
thinkest thou hast a great nose1 thou   
art sick1 every man observes thee1      
laughs thee to scorn2 persuade thyself  
'tis no such matter3 this is fear only1 
and vain suspicion4 ,thou art           
discontent1 thou art sad and heavy2 but 
why8 upon what ground8 consider of it3  
thou art jealous1 timorous1 suspicious2 
for what cause8 examine it thoroughly1  
thou shalt find none at all1 or such as 
is to be contemned2 such as thou wilt   
surely deride1 and contemn in thyself1  
when it is past4 ,rule thyself then with

 reason1 satisfy thyself1 accustom      
thyself1 wean thyself from such fond    
conceits1 vain fears1 strong            
imaginations1 restless thoughts4 ,thou  
mayst do it2 ,est in nobis assuescere   
7as ,plutarch saith71 we may frame      
ourselves as we will4 ,as he that useth 
an upright shoe1 may correct the        
obliquity1 or crookedness1 by wearing it
 on the other side2 we may overcome     
passions if we will4 ,quicquid sibi     
imperavit animus obtinuit 7as           
#cdad,seneca saith7 nulli tam feri      
affectus1 ut non disciplina perdomentur1
 whatsoever the will desires1 she may   
command3 no such cruel affections1 but  
by discipline they may be tamed2        
voluntarily thou wilt not do this or    
that1 which thou oughtest to do1 or     
refrain1 c41 but when thou art lashed   
like a dull jade1 thou wilt reform it3  
fear of a whip will make thee do1 or not
 do4 ,do that voluntarily then which    
thou canst do1 and must do by           
compulsion2 thou mayst refrain if thou  

wilt1 and master thine affections4      
#cdae;,as in a city 7saith ,melancthon7 
they do by stubborn rebellious rogues1  
that will not submit themselves to      
political judgment1 compel them by      
force2 so must we do by our affections4 
,if the heart will not lay aside those  
vicious motions1 and the fantasy those  
fond imaginations1 we have another form 
of government to enforce and refrain our
 outward members1 that they be not led  
by our passions4 ,if appetite will not  
obey1 let the moving faculty overrule   
her1 let her resist and compel her to do
 otherwise4 ,in an ague the appetite    
would drink2 sore eyes that itch would  
be rubbed2 but reason saith no1 and     
therefore the moving faculty will not do
 it4 ,our fantasy would intrude a       
thousand fears1 suspicions1 chimeras    
upon us1 but we have reason to resist1  
yet we let it be overborne by our       
appetite2 #cdaf;imagination enforceth   
spirits1 which1 by an admirable league  
of nature1 compel the nerves to obey1   

and they our several limbs3 we give too 
much way to our passions4 ,and as to him
 that is sick of an ague1 all things are
 distasteful and unpleasant1 non ex cibi
 vitio saith ,plutarch1 not in the meat1
 but in our taste3 so many things are   
offensive to us1 not of themselves1 but 
out of our corrupt judgment1 jealousy1  
suspicion1 and the like3 we pull these  
mischiefs upon our own heads4 ,if then  
our judgment be so depraved1 our reason 
overruled1 will precipitated1 that we   
cannot seek our own good1 or moderate   
ourselves1 as in this disease commonly  
it is1 the best way for ease is to      
impart our misery to some friend1 not to
 smother it up in our own breast3 aliter
 vitium crescitque tegendo1 c41 and that
 which was most offensive to us1 a cause
 of fear and grief1 quod nunc te coquit1
 another hell2 for #cdag strangulat     
inclusus dolor atque exaestuat intus1   
grief concealed strangles the soul2 but 
when as we shall but impart it to some  
discreet1 trusty1 loving friend1 it is  

#cdah;instantly removed1 by his counsel 
happily1 wisdom1 persuasion1 advice1 his
 good means1 which we could not         
otherwise apply unto ourselves4 ,a      
friend's counsel is a charm1 like       
mandrake wine1 curas sopit2 and as a    
#cdai;bull that is tied to a fig-tree   
becomes gentle on a sudden 7which some1 
saith #cdbj,plutarch1 interpret of good 
words71 so is a savage1 obdurate heart  
mollified by fair speeches4 ,all        
adversity finds ease in complaining 7as 
#cdba;,isidore holds71 and 'tis a solace
 to relate it1 #cdbb    4 ,friends'     
confabulations are comfortable at all   
times1 as fire in winter1 shade in      
summer1 quale sopor fessis in gramine1  
meat and drink to him that is hungry or 
athirst2 ,democritus's collyrium is not 
so sovereign to the eyes as this is to  
the heart2 good words are cheerful and  
powerful of themselves1 but much more   
from friends1 as so many props1 mutually
 sustaining each other like ivy and a   
wall1 which ,camerarius hath well       

illustrated in an emblem4 ,lenit animum 
simplex vel saepe narratio1 the simple  
narration many times easeth our         
distressed mind1 and in the midst of    
greatest extremities2 so diverse have   
been relieved1 by #cdbc;exonerating     
themselves to a faithful friend3 he sees
 that which we cannot see for passion   
and discontent1 he pacifies our minds1  
he will ease our pain1 assuage our      
anger2 quanta inde voluptas1 quanta     
securitas1 ,chrysostom adds1 what       
pleasure1 what security by that means6  
#cdbd,nothing so available1 or that so  
much refresheth the soul of man4 ,tully1
 as ,i remember1 in an epistle to his   
dear friend ,atticus1 much condoles the 
defect of such a friend4 #cdbe;,i live  
here 7saith he7 in a great city1 where  
,i have a multitude of acquaintance1 but
 not a man of all that company with whom
 ,i dare familiarly breathe1 or freely  
jest4 ,wherefore ,i expect thee1 ,i     
desire thee1 ,i send for thee2 for there
 be many things which trouble and molest

 me1 which had ,i but thee in presence1 
,i could quickly disburden myself of in 
a walking discourse4 ,the like1         
peradventure1 may he and he say with    
that old man in the comedy1 #cdbf,nemo  
est meorum amicorum hodie1 ,apud quem   
expromere occulta mea audeam4  and much 
inconvenience may both he and he suffer 
in the meantime by it4 ,he or he1 or    
whosoever then labours of this malady1  
by all means let him get some trusty    
friend1 #cdbg,semper habens ,pylademque 
aliquem qui curet ,orestem1 a ,pylades1 
to whom freely and securely he may open 
himself4 ,for as in all other           
occurrences1 so it is in this1 ,si quis 
in coelum ascendisset1 c4 as he said in 
#cdbh,tully1 if a man had gone to       
heaven1 seen the beauty of the skies1   
stars errant1 fixed1 c41 insuavis erit  
admiratio1 it will do him no pleasure1  
except he have somebody to impart what  
he hath seen4 ,it is the best thing in  
the world1 as #cdbi,seneca therefore    
adviseth in such a case1 to get a trusty

 friend1 to whom we may freely and      
sincerely pour out our secrets2 nothing 
so delighteth and easeth the mind1 as   
when we have a prepared bosom1 to which 
our secrets may descend1 of whose       
conscience we are assured as our own1   
whose speech may ease our succourless   
estate1 counsel relieve1 mirth expel our
 mourning1 and whose very sight may be  
acceptable unto us4 ,it was the counsel 
which that politic #cdcj;,comineus gave 
to all princes1 and others distressed in
 mind1 by occasion of ,charles ,duke of 
,burgundy1 that was much perplexed1     
first to pray to ,god1 and lay himself  
open to him1 and then to some special   
friend1 whom we hold most dear1 to tell 
all our grievances to him2 nothing so   
forcible to strengthen1 recreate1 and   
heal the wounded soul of a miserable    
man4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,help from      
friends by counsel1 comfort1 fair and   
foul means1 witty devices1 satisfaction1
 alteration of his course of life1      
removing objects1 c4  ,when the patient 

of himself is not able to resist1 or    
overcome these heart-eating passions1   
his friends or physician must be ready  
to supply that which is wanting4 ,suae  
erit humanitatis et sapientiae 7which   
#cdca ,tully enjoineth in like case7    
siquid erratum1 curare1 aut improvisum1 
sua diligentia corrigere4 ,they must all
 join2 nec satis medico1 saith #cdcb    
,hippocrates1 suum fecisse officium1    
nisi suum quoque aegrotus1 suum         
astantes1 c4 ,first1 they must          
especially beware1 a melancholy         
discontented person 7be it in what kind 
of melancholy soever7 never be left     
alone or idle3 but as physicians        
prescribe physic1 cum custodia1 let them
 not be left unto themselves1 but with  
some company or other1 lest by that     
means they aggravate and increase their 
disease2 non oportet aegros humjusmodi  
esse solos vel inter ignotos1 vel inter 
eos quos non amant aut negligunt1 as    
,rod4 a ,fonseca1 tom4 #a4 consul4 #ce4 
prescribes4 ,lugentes custodire solemus 

7saith #cdcc,seneca7 ne solitudine male 
utantur2 we watch a sorrowful person1   
lest he abuse his solitariness1 and so  
should we do a melancholy man2 set him  
about some business1 exercise or        
recreation1 which may divert his        
thoughts1 and still keep him otherwise  
intent2 for his fantasy is so restless1 
operative and quick1 that if it be not  
in perpetual action1 ever employed1 it  
will work upon itself1 melancholise1 and
 be carried away instantly1 with some   
fear1 jealousy1 discontent1 suspicion1  
some vain conceit or other4 ,if his     
weakness be such that he cannot discern 
what is amiss1 correct1 or satisfy1 it  
behoves them by counsel1 comfort1 or    
persuasion1 by fair or foul means1 to   
alienate his mind1 by some artificial   
invention1 or some contrary persuasion1 
to remove all objects1 causes1          
companies1 occasions1 as may any ways   
molest him1 to humour him1 please him1  
divert him1 and if it be possible1 by   
altering his course of life1 to give him

 security and satisfaction4 ,if he      
conceal his grievances1 and will not be 
known of them1 #cdcdthey must observe by
 his looks1 gestures1 motions1 fantasy1 
what it is that offends1 and then to    
apply remedies unto him3 many are       
instantly cured1 when their minds are   
satisfied4 #cdce;,alexander makes       
mention of a woman1 that by reason of   
her husband's long absence in travel1   
was exceeding peevish and melancholy1   
but when she heard her husband was      
returned1 beyond all expectation1 at the
 first sight of him1 she was freed from 
all fear1 without help of any other     
physic restored to her former health4   
,trincavellius1 consil4 #ab4 lib4 #a4   
hath such a story of a ,venetian1 that  
being much troubled with melancholy1    
#cdcf;and ready to die for grief1 when  
he heard his wife was brought to bed of 
a son1 instantly recovered4 ,as         
,alexander concludes1 #cdcg;,if our     
imaginations be not inveterate1 by this 
art they may be cured1 especially if    

they proceed from such a cause4 ,no     
better way to satisfy1 than to remove   
the object1 cause1 occasion1 if by any  
art or means possible we may find it    
out4 ,if he grieve1 stand in fear1 be in
 suspicion1 suspense1 or any way        
molested1 secure him1 ,solvitur malum1  
give him satisfaction1 the cure is      
ended2 alter his course of life1 there  
needs no other physic4 ,if the party be 
sad1 or otherwise affected1 consider    
7saith #cdch,trallianus7 the manner of  
it1 all circumstances1 and forthwith    
make a sudden alteration1 by removing   
the occasions1 avoid all terrible       
objects1 heard or seen1 #cdcimonstrous  
and prodigious aspects1 tales of devils1
 spirits1 ghosts1 tragical stories2 to  
such as are in fear they strike a great 
impression1 renewed many times1 and     
recall such chimeras and terrible       
fictions into their minds4 #cddj,make   
not so much as mention of them in       
private talk1 or a dumb show tending to 
that purpose3 such things 7saith        

,galateus7 are offensive to their       
imaginations4 ,and to those that are now
 in sorrow1 #cdda,seneca forbids all sad
 companions1 and such as lament2 a      
groaning companion is an enemy to       
quietness4 #cddb,or if there be any such
 party1 at whose presence the patient is
 not well pleased1 he must be removed3  
gentle speeches1 and fair means1 must   
first be tried2 no harsh language used1 
or uncomfortable words2 and not expel1  
as some do1 one madness with another2 he
 that so doth1 is madder than the       
patient himself3 all things must be     
quietly composed2 eversa non evertenda1 
sed erigenda1 things down must not be   
dejected1 but reared1 as ,crato         
counselleth2 #cddc he must be quietly   
and gently used1 and we should not do   
anything against his mind1 but by little
 and little effect it4 ,as a horse that 
starts at a drum or trumpet1 and will   
not endure the shooting of a piece1 may 
be so manned by art1 and animated1 that 
he cannot only endure1 but is much more 

generous at the hearing of such things1 
much more courageous than before1 and   
much delighteth in it3 they must not be 
reformed ex abrupto1 but by all art and 
insinuation1 made to such companies1    
aspects1 objects they could not formerly
 away with4 ,many at first cannot endure
 the sight of a green wound1 a sick man1
 which afterward become good            
chirurgeons1 bold empirics3 a horse     
starts at a rotten post afar off1 which 
coming near he quietly passeth4 ',tis   
much in the manner of making such kind  
of persons1 be they never so averse from
 company1 bashful1 solitary1 timorous1  
they may be made at last with those     
,roman matrons1 to desire nothing more  
than in a public show1 to see a full    
company of gladiators breathe out their 
last4 ,if they may not otherwise be     
accustomed to brook such distasteful and
 displeasing objects1 the best way then 
is generally to avoid them4 ,montanus1  
consil4 #bbi4 to the ,earl of ,montfort1
 a courtier1 and his melancholy patient1

 adviseth him to leave the court1 by    
reason of those continual discontents1  
crosses1 abuses1 #cddd;cares1           
suspicions1 emulations1 ambition1 anger1
 jealousy1 which that place afforded1   
and which surely caused him to be so    
melancholy at the first3 ,maxima quaeque
 domus servis est plena superbis2 a     
company of scoffers and proud jacks are 
commonly conversant and attend in such  
places1 and able to make any man that is
 of a soft1 quiet disposition 7as many  
times they do7 ex stulto insanum1 if    
once they humour him1 a very idiot1 or  
stark mad4 ,a thing too much practised  
in all common societies1 and they have  
no better sport than to make themselves 
merry by abusing some silly fellow1 or  
to take advantage of another man's      
weakness4 ,in such cases as in a plague1
 the best remedy is cito longe tarde3   
7for to such a party1 especially if he  
be apprehensive1 there can be no greater
 misery7 to get him quickly gone far    
enough off1 and not to be overhasty in  

his return4 ,if he be so stupid that he 
do not apprehend it1 his friends should 
take some order1 and by their discretion
 supply that which is wanting in him1 as
 in all other cases they ought to do4   
,if they see a man melancholy given1    
solitary1 averse from company1 please   
himself with such private and vain      
meditations1 though he delight in it1   
they ought by all means seek to divert  
him1 to dehort him1 to tell him of the  
event and danger that may come of it4   
,if they see a man idle1 that by reason 
of his means otherwise will betake      
himself to no course of life1 they ought
 seriously to admonish him1 he makes a  
noose to entangle himself1 his want of  
employment will be his undoing4 ,if he  
have sustained any great loss1 suffered 
a repulse1 disgrace1 c41 if it be       
possible1 relieve him4 ,if he desire    
aught1 let him be satisfied2 if in      
suspense1 fear1 suspicion1 let him be   
secured3 and if it may conveniently be1 
give him his heart's content2 for the   

body cannot be cured till the mind be   
satisfied4 #cdde ,socrates1 in ,plato1  
would prescribe no physic for           
,charmides' headache1 till first he had 
eased his troubled mind2 body and soul  
must be cured together1 as head and     
eyes4 #cddf,oculum non curabis sine toto
 capite1 ,nec caput sine toto corpora1  
,nec totum corpus sine anima4  ,if that 
may not be hoped or expected1 yet ease  
him with comfort1 cheerful speeches1    
fair promises1 and good words1 persuade 
him1 advise him4 ,many1 saith           
#cddg;,galen1 have been cured by good   
counsel and persuasion alone4 ,heaviness
 of the heart of man doth bring it down1
 but a good word rejoiceth it1 ,prov4   
xii4 #be4 ,and there is he that speaketh
 words like the pricking of a sword1 but
 the tongue of a wise man is health1    
ver4 #ah4 ,oratio1 namque saucii animi  
est remedium1 a gentle speech is the    
true cure of a wounded soul1 as         
#cddh,plutarch contends out of          
,aeschylus and ,euripides3 if it be     

wisely administered it easeth grief and 
pain1 as diverse remedies do many other 
diseases4 ',tis incantationis instar1 a 
charm1 aestuantis animi refrigerium1    
that true ,nepenthe of ,homer1 which was
 no ,indian plant1 or feigned medicine1 
which ,epidamna1 ,thonis' wife1 sent    
,helena for a token1 as ,macrobius1 #g4 
,saturnal4 ,goropius ,hermat4 lib4 #i4  
,greg4 ,nazianzen1 and others suppose1  
but opportunity of speech3 for ,helena's
 bowl1 ,medea's unction1 ,venus's       
girdle1 ,circe's cup1 cannot so enchant1
 so forcibly move or alter as it doth4  
,a letter sent or read will do as much2 
multum allevor quum tuas literas lego1  
,i am much eased1 as #cddi,tully wrote  
to ,pomponius ,atticus1 when ,i read thy
 letters1 and as ,julianus the ,apostate
 once signified to ,maximus the         
philosopher2 as ,alexander slept with   
,homer's works1 so do ,i with thine     
epistles1 tanquam ,paeoniis             
medicamentis1 easque assidue tanquam1   
recentes et novas iteramus2 scribe ergo1

 et assidue scribe1 or else come        
thyself2 amicus ad amicum venies4       
,assuredly a wise and well-spoken man   
may do what he will in such a case2 a   
good orator alone1 as #cdej,tully holds1
 can alter affections by power of his   
eloquence1 comfort such as are          
afflicted1 erect such as are depressed1 
expel and mitigate fear1 lust1 anger1 c4
 ,and how powerful is the charm of a    
discreet and dear friend8 ,ille regit   
dictis animos et temperat iras4 ,what   
may not he effect8 ,as #cdea;,chremes   
told ,menedemus1 ,fear not1 conceal it  
not1 ,o friend6 but tell me what it is  
that troubles thee1 and ,i shall surely 
help thee by comfort1 counsel1 or in the
 matter itself4 #cdeb ,arnoldus1 lib4   
#a4 breviar4 cap4 #ah4 speaks of a      
usurer in his time1 that upon a loss1   
much melancholy and discontent1 was so  
cured4 ,as imagination1 fear1 grief1    
cause such passions1 so conceits alone1 
rectified by good hope1 counsel1 c41 are
 able again to help3 and 'tis incredible

 how much they can do in such a case1 as
 #cdec,trincavellius illustrates by an  
example of a patient of his2            
,porphyrius1 the philosopher1 in        
,plotinus's life 7written by him71      
relates1 that being in a discontented   
humour through insufferable anguish of  
mind1 he was going to make away himself3
 but meeting by chance his master       
,plotinus1 who perceiving by his        
distracted looks all was not well1 urged
 him to confess his grief3 which when he
 had heard1 he used such comfortable    
speeches1 that he redeemed him e        
faucibus ,erebi1 pacified his unquiet   
mind1 insomuch that he was easily       
reconciled to himself1 and much abashed 
to think afterwards that he should ever 
entertain so vile a motion4 ,by all     
means1 therefore1 fair promises1 good   
words1 gentle persuasions1 are to be    
used1 not to be too rigorous at first1  
#cdedor to insult over them1 not to     
deride1 neglect1 or contemn1 but rather1
 as ,lemnius exhorteth1 to pity1 and by 

all plausible means to seek to redress  
them3 but if satisfaction may not be    
had1 mild courses1 promises1 comfortable
 speeches1 and good counsel will not    
take place2 then as ,christophorus a    
,vega determines1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #ad4 de 
,mel4 to handle them more roughly1 to   
threaten and chide1 saith               
#cdee;,altomarus1 terrify sometimes1 or 
as ,salvianus will have them1 to be     
lashed and whipped1 as we do by a       
starting horse1 #cdefthat is affrighted 
without a cause1 or as #cdeg,rhasis     
adviseth1 one while to speak fair and   
flatter1 another while to terrify and   
chide1 as they shall see cause4 ,when   
none of these precedent remedies will   
avail1 it will not be amiss1 which      
,savanarola and ,aelian ,montaltus so   
much commend1 clavum clavo pellere1     
#cdehto drive out one passion with      
another1 or by some contrary passion1 as
 they do bleeding at nose by letting    
blood in the arm1 to expel one fear with
 another1 one grief with another4 #cdei 

,christophorus a ,vega accounts it      
rational physic1 non alienum a ratione3 
and ,lemnius much approves it1 to use a 
hard wedge to a hard knot1 to drive out 
one disease with another1 to pull out a 
tooth1 or wound him1 to geld him1 saith 
#cdfj,platerus1 as they did epileptical 
patients of old1 because it quite alters
 the temperature1 that the pain of the  
one may mitigate the grief of the other2
 #cdfa;and ,i knew one that was so cured
 of a quartan ague1 by the sudden coming
 of his enemies upon him4 ,if we may    
believe #cdfb,pliny1 whom ,scaliger     
calls mendaciorum patrem1 the father of 
lies1 ,q4 ,fabius ,maximus1 that        
renowned consul of ,rome1 in a battle   
fought with the king of the ,allobroges1
 at the river ,isaurus1 was so rid of a 
quartan ague4 ,valesius1 in his         
controversies1 holds this an excellent  
remedy1 and if it be discreetly used in 
this malady1 better than any physic4    
,sometimes again by some #cdfc;feigned  
lie1 strange news1 witty device1        

artificial invention1 it is not amiss to
 deceive them4 #cdfd;,as they hate      
those1 saith ,alexander1 that neglect or
 deride1 so they will give ear to such  
as will soothe them up4 ,if they say    
they have swallowed frogs or a snake1 by
 all means grant it1 and tell them you  
can easily cure it2 'tis an ordinary    
thing4 ,philodotus1 the physician1 cured
 a melancholy king1 that thought his    
head was off1 by putting a leaden cap   
thereon2 the weight made him perceive   
it1 and freed him of his fond           
imagination4 ,a woman1 in the said      
,alexander1 swallowed a serpent as she  
thought2 he gave her a vomit1 and       
conveyed a serpent1 such as she         
conceived1 into the basin2 upon the     
sight of it she was amended4 ,the       
pleasantest dotage that ever ,i read1   
saith #cdfe,laurentius1 was of a        
gentleman at ,senes in ,italy1 who was  
afraid to piss1 lest all the town should
 be drowned2 the physicians caused the  
bells to be rung backward1 and told him 

the town was on fire1 whereupon he made 
water1 and was immediately cured4       
,another supposed his nose so big that  
he should dash it against the wall if he
 stirred2 his physician took a great    
piece of flesh1 and holding it in his   
hand1 pinched him by the nose1 making   
him believe that flesh was cut from it4 
,forestus1 obs4 lib4 #a4 had a          
melancholy patient1 who thought he was  
dead1 #cdff;he put a fellow in a chest1 
like a dead man1 by his bedside1 and    
made him rear himself a little1 and eat3
 the melancholy man asked the           
counterfeit1 whether dead men use to eat
 meat8 ,he told him yea2 whereupon he   
did eat likewise and was cured4         
,lemnius1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #f4 de #d4      
complex1 hath many such instances1 and  
,jovianus ,pontanus1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #b4  
of ,wisd4 of the like2 but amongst the  
rest ,i find one most memorable1        
registered in the #cdfg;,french         
chronicles of an advocate of ,paris     
before mentioned1 who believed verily he

 was dead1 c4 ,i read a multitude of    
examples of melancholy men cured by such
 artificial inventions4  ,,subsect4     
,,iii4--,music a remedy4  ,many and     
sundry are the means which philosophers 
and physicians have prescribed to       
exhilarate a sorrowful heart1 to divert 
those fixed and intent cares and        
meditations1 which in this malady so    
much offend2 but in my judgment none so 
present1 none so powerful1 none so      
apposite as a cup of strong drink1      
mirth1 music1 and merry company4        
,ecclus4 xl4 #bj4 ,wine and music       
rejoice the heart4 #cdfh,rhasis1 cont4  
#i4 ,tract4 #ae4 ,altomarus1 cap4 #g4   
,aelianus ,montaltus1 c4 #bf4 ,ficinus1 
,bened4 ,victor4 ,faventinus are almost 
immoderate in the commendation of it2 a 
most forcible medicine #cdfi;,jacchinus 
calls it3 ,jason ,pratensis1 a most     
admirable thing1 and worthy of          
consideration1 that can so mollify the  
mind1 and stay those tempestuous        
affections of it4 ,musica est mentis    

medicina moestae1 a roaring-meg against 
melancholy1 to rear and revive the      
languishing soul2 #cdgj;affecting not   
only the ears1 but the very arteries1   
the vital and animal spirits1 it erects 
the mind1 and makes it nimble4 ,lemnius1
 instit1 cap4 #dd4 ,this it will effect 
in the most dull1 severe and sorrowful  
souls1 #cdga;expel grief with mirth1 and
 if there be any clouds1 dust1 or dregs 
of cares yet lurking in our thoughts1   
most powerfully it wipes them all away1 
,salisbur4 polit4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #f4 and 
that which is more1 it will perform all 
this in an instant3 #cdgb;,cheer up the 
countenance1 expel austerity1 bring in  
hilarity 7,girald4 ,camb4 cap4 #ab4     
,topog4 ,hiber47 inform our manners1    
mitigate anger2 ,athenaeus              
7,dipnosophist4 lib4 #ad4 cap4 #aj47    
calleth it an infinite treasure to such 
as are endowed with it3 ,dulcisonum     
reficit tristia corda melos1 ,eobanus   
,hessus4 ,many other properties         
#cdgc;,cassiodorus1 epist4 #d4 reckons  

up of this our divine music1 not only to
 expel the greatest griefs1 but it doth 
extenuate fears and furies1 appeaseth   
cruelty1 abateth heaviness1 and to such 
as are watchful it causeth quiet rest2  
it takes away spleen and hatred1 be it  
instrumental1 vocal1 with strings1 wind1
 #cdgd,quae1 a spiritu1 sine manuum     
dexteritate gubernetur1 c4 it cures all 
irksomeness and heaviness of the soul4  
#cdge,labouring men that sing to their  
work1 can tell as much1 and so can      
soldiers when they go to fight1 whom    
terror of death cannot so much affright1
 as the sound of trumpet1 drum1 fife1   
and such like music animates2 metus enim
 mortis1 as #cdgf;,censorinus informeth 
us1 musica depellitur4 ,it makes a child
 quiet1 the nurse's song1 and many times
 the sound of a trumpet on a sudden1    
bells ringing1 a carman's whistle1 a boy
 singing some ballad tune early in the  
streets1 alters1 revives1 recreates a   
restless patient that cannot sleep in   
the night1 c4 ,in a word1 it is so      

powerful a thing that it ravisheth the  
soul1 regina sensuum1 the queen of the  
senses1 by sweet pleasure 7which is a   
happy cure71 and corporal tunes pacify  
our incorporeal soul1 sine ore loquens1 
dominatum in animam exercet1 and carries
 it beyond itself1 helps1 elevates1     
extends it4 ,scaliger1 exercit4 #cjb1   
gives a reason of these effects1        
#cdgg;because the spirits about the     
heart take in that trembling and dancing
 air into the body1 are moved together1 
and stirred up with it1 or else the     
mind1 as some suppose harmonically      
composed1 is roused up at the tunes of  
music4 ,and 'tis not only men that are  
so affected1 but almost all other       
creatures4 ,you know the tale of        
,hercules ,gallus1 ,orpheus1 and        
,amphion1 felices animas ,ovid calls    
them1 that could saxa movere sono       
testudinis1 c4 make stocks and stones1  
as well as beasts and other animals1    
dance after their pipes3 the dog and    
hare1 wolf and lamb2 vicinumque lupo    

praebuit agna latus2 clamosus graculus1 
stridula cornix1 et ,jovis aquila1 as   
,philostratus describes it in his       
images1 stood all gaping upon ,orpheus2 
and #cdghtrees pulled up by the roots   
came to hear him1 ,et comitem quercum   
pinus amica trahit4 ,arion made fishes  
follow him1 which1 as common experience 
evinceth1 #cdgi are much affected with  
music4 ,all singing birds are much      
pleased with it1 especially             
nightingales1 if we may believe         
,calcagninus2 and bees amongst the rest1
 though they be flying away1 when they  
hear any tingling sound1 will tarry     
behind4 #cdhj;,harts1 hinds1 horses1    
dogs1 bears1 are exceedingly delighted  
with it4 ,scal1 exerc4 #cjb4 ,elephants1
 ,agrippa adds1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #bd4 and  
in ,lydia in the midst of a lake there  
be certain floating islands 7if ye will 
believe it71 that after music will      
dance4 ,but to leave all declamatory    
speeches in praise #cdhaof divine music1
 ,i will confine myself to my proper    

subject3 besides that excellent power it
 hath to expel many other diseases1 it  
is a sovereign remedy against #cdhb     
despair and melancholy1 and will drive  
away the devil himself4 ,canus1 a       
,rhodian fiddler1 in #cdhc,philostratus1
 when ,apollonius was inquisitive to    
know what he could do with his pipe1    
told him1 ,that he would make a         
melancholy man merry1 and him that was  
merry much merrier than before1 a lover 
more enamoured1 a religious man more    
devout4 ,ismenias the ,theban1          
#cdhd;,chiron the centaur1 is said to   
have cured this and many other diseases 
by music alone3 as now they do those1   
saith #cdhe;,bodine1 that are troubled  
with ,st4 ,vitus's ,bedlam dance4       
#cdhf,timotheus1 the musician1 compelled
 ,alexander to skip up and down1 and    
leave his dinner 7like the tale of the  
,friar and the ,boy71 whom ,austin1 de  
civ4 ,dei1 lib4 #ag4 cap4 #ad4 so much  
commends for it4 ,who hath not heard how
 ,david's harmony drove away the evil   

spirits from king ,saul1 #a ,sam4 xvi4  
and ,elisha when he was much troubled by
 importunate kings1 called for a        
minstrel1 and when he played1 the hand  
of the ,lord came upon him1 #b ,kings   
iii4 ,censorinus de natali1 cap4 #ab4   
reports how ,asclepiades the physician  
helped many frantic persons by this     
means1 phreneticorum mentes morbo       
turbatas--,jason ,pratensis1 cap4 de    
,mania1 hath many examples1 how ,clinias
 and ,empedocles cured some desperately 
melancholy1 and some mad by this our    
music4 ,which because it hath such      
excellent virtues1 belike #cdhg;,homer  
brings in ,phemius playing1 and the     
,muses singing at the banquet of the    
gods4 ,aristotle1 ,polit4 l4 #h4 c4 #e1 
,plato #b4 de legibus1 highly approve   
it1 and so do all politicians4 ,the     
,greeks1 ,romans1 have graced music1 and
 made it one of the liberal sciences1   
though it be now become mercenary4 ,all 
civil ,commonwealths allow it3 ,cneius  
,manlius 7as #cdhh,livius relates7 anno 

ab urb4 cond4 #efg4 brought first out of
 ,asia to ,rome singing wenches1        
players1 jesters1 and all kinds of music
 to their feasts4 ,your princes1        
emperors1 and persons of any quality1   
maintain it in their courts2 no mirth   
without music4 ,sir ,thomas ,more1 in   
his absolute ,utopian commonwealth1     
allows music as an appendix to every    
meal1 and that throughout1 to all sorts4
 ,epictetus calls mensam mutam praesepe1
 a table without music a manger3 for the
 concert of musicians at a banquet is a 
carbuncle set in gold2 and as the signet
 of an emerald well trimmed with gold1  
so is the melody of music in a pleasant 
banquet4 ,ecclus4 xxxii4 #e1 #f4        
#cdhi,louis the ,eleventh1 when he      
invited ,edward the ,fourth to come to  
,paris1 told him that as a principal    
part of his entertainment1 he should    
hear sweet voices of children1 ,ionic   
and ,lydian tunes1 exquisite music1 he  
should have a --1 and the cardinal of   
,bourbon to be his confessor1 which he  

used as a most plausible argument3 as to
 a sensual man indeed it is4 #cdij      
,lucian in his book1 de saltatione1 is  
not ashamed to confess that he took     
infinite delight in singing1 dancing1   
music1 women's company1 and such like   
pleasures3 and if thou 7saith he7 didst 
but hear them play and dance1 ,i know   
thou wouldst be so well pleased with the
 object1 that thou wouldst dance for    
company thyself1 without doubt thou wilt
 be taken with it4 ,so ,scaliger        
ingenuously confesseth1 exercit4 #bgd4  
#cdia;,i am beyond all measure affected 
with music1 ,i do most willingly behold 
them dance1 ,i am mightily detained and 
allured with that grace and comeliness  
of fair women1 ,i am well pleased to be 
idle amongst them4 ,and what young man  
is not8 ,as it is acceptable and        
conducing to most1 so especially to a   
melancholy man4 ,provided always1 his   
disease proceed not originally from it1 
that he be not some light inamorato1    
some idle fantastic1 who capers in      

conceit all the day long1 and thinks of 
nothing else1 but how to make jigs1     
sonnets1 madrigals1 in commendation of  
his mistress4 ,in such cases music is   
most pernicious1 as a spur to a free    
horse will make him run himself blind1  
or break his wind2 ,incitamentum enim   
amoris musica1 for music enchants1 as   
,menander holds1 it will make such      
melancholy persons mad1 and the sound of
 those jigs and hornpipes will not be   
removed out of the ears a week after4   
#cdib,plato for this reason forbids     
music and wine to all young men1 because
 they are most part amorous1 ne ignis   
addatur igni1 lest one fire increase    
another4 ,many men are melancholy by    
hearing music1 but it is a pleasing     
melancholy that it causeth2 and         
therefore to such as are discontent1 in 
woe1 fear1 sorrow1 or dejected1 it is a 
most present remedy3 it expels cares1   
alters their grieved minds1 and easeth  
in an instant4 ,otherwise1 saith        
#cdic,plutarch1 ,musica magis dementat  

quam vinum2 music makes some men mad as 
a tiger2 like ,astolphos' horn in       
,ariosto2 or ,mercury's golden wand in  
,homer1 that made some wake1 others     
sleep1 it hath divers effects3 and      
#cdid,theophrastus right well           
prophesied1 that diseases were either   
procured by music1 or mitigated4        
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,mirth and merry      
company1 fair objects1 remedies4  ,mirth
 and merry company may not be separated 
from music1 both concerning and         
necessarily required in this business4  
,mirth1 7saith #cdie,vives7 purgeth the 
blood1 confirms health1 causeth a fresh1
 pleasing1 and fine colour1 prorogues   
life1 whets the wit1 makes the body     
young1 lively and fit for any manner of 
employment4 ,the merrier the heart the  
longer the life2 ,a merry heart is the  
life of the flesh1 ,prov4 xiv4 #cj4     
,gladness prolongs his days1 ,ecclus4   
xxx4 #bb2 and this is one of the three  
,salernitan doctors1 ,dr4 ,merryman1    
,dr4 ,diet1 ,dr4 ,quiet1 #cdifwhich cure

 all diseases--,mens hilaris1 requies1  
moderata dieta4 #cdig;,gomesius1        
praefat4 lib4 #c4 de sal4 gen4 is a     
great magnifier of honest mirth1 by     
which 7saith he7 we cure many passions  
of the mind in ourselves1 and in our    
friends2 which #cdih;,galateus assigns  
for a cause why we love merry           
companions3 and well they deserve it1   
being that as #cdii,magninus holds1 a   
merry companion is better than any      
music1 and as the saying is1 comes      
jucundus in via pro vehiculo1 as a wagon
 to him that is wearied on the way4     
,jucunda confabulatio1 sales1 joci1     
pleasant discourse1 jests1 conceits1    
merry tales1 melliti verborum globuli1  
as ,petronius1 #cejj ,pliny1            
#ceja,spondanus1 #cejb;,caelius1 and    
many good authors plead1 are that sole  
,nepenthes of ,homer1 ,helena's bowl1   
,venus's girdle1 so renowned of old     
#cejcto expel grief and care1 to cause  
mirth and gladness of heart1 if they be 
rightly understood1 or seasonably       

applied4 ,in a word1 #cejd;,amor1       
voluptas1 ,venus1 gaudium1 ,jocus1      
ludus1 sermo suavis1 suaviatio4         
,gratification1 pleasure1 love1 joy1    
,mirth1 sport1 pleasant words and no    
alloy1  are the true ,nepenthes4 ,for   
these causes our physicians generally   
prescribe this as a principal engine to 
batter the walls of melancholy1 a chief 
antidote1 and a sufficient cure of      
itself4 ,by all means 7saith #ceje      
,mesue7 procure mirth to these men in   
such things as are heard1 seen1 tasted1 
or smelled1 or any way perceived1 and   
let them have all enticements and fair  
promises1 the sight of excellent        
beauties1 attires1 ornaments1           
delightsome passages to distract their  
minds from fear and sorrow1 and such    
things on which they are so fixed and   
intent4 #cejf,let them use hunting1     
sports1 plays1 jests1 merry company1 as 
,rhasis prescribes1 which will not let  
the mind be molested1 a cup of good     
drink now and then1 hear music1 and have

 such companions with whom they are     
especially delighted2 #cejgmerry tales  
or toys1 drinking1 singing1 dancing1 and
 whatsoever else may procure mirth3 and 
by no means1 saith ,guianerius1 suffer  
them to be alone4 ,benedictus ,victorius
 ,faventinus1 in his empirics1 accounts 
it an especial remedy against           
melancholy1 #cejhto hear and see        
singing1 dancing1 maskers1 mummers1 to  
converse with such merry fellows and    
fair maids4 ,for the beauty of a woman  
cheereth the countenance1 ,ecclus4      
xxxvi4 #bb4 #ceji ,beauty alone is a    
sovereign remedy against fear1 grief1   
and all melancholy fits2 a charm1 as    
,peter de la ,seine and many other      
writers affirm1 a banquet itself2 he    
gives instance in discontented          
,menelaus1 that was so often freed by   
,helena's fair face3 and #ceaj,tully1 #c
 ,tusc4 cites ,epicurus as a chief      
patron of this tenet4 ,to expel grief1  
and procure pleasure1 sweet smells1 good
 diet1 touch1 taste1 embracing1 singing1

 dancing1 sports1 plays1 and above the  
rest1 exquisite beauties1 quibus oculi  
jucunde moventur et animi1 are most     
powerful means1 obvia forma1 to meet or 
see a fair maid pass by1 or to be in    
company with her4 ,he found it by       
experience1 and made good use of it in  
his own person1 if ,plutarch belie him  
not2 for he reckons up the names of some
 more elegant pieces2 #ceaa,leontia1    
,boedina1 ,hedieia1 ,nicedia1 that were 
frequently seen in ,epicurus' garden1   
and very familiar in his house4 ,neither
 did he try it himself alone1 but if we 
may give credit to #ceab;,atheneus1 he  
practised it upon others4 ,for when a   
sad and sick patient was brought unto   
him to be cured1 he laid him on a down  
bed1 crowned him with a garland of      
sweet-smelling flowers1 in a fair       
perfumed closet delicately set out1 and 
after a portion or two of good drink1   
which he administered1 he brought in a  
beautiful young #ceacwench that could   
play upon a lute1 sing1 and dance1 c4   

,tully1 #c4 ,tusc4 scoffs at ,epicurus1 
for this his profane physic 7as well he 
deserved71 and yet ,phavorinus and      
,stobeus highly approve of it2 most of  
our looser physicians in some cases1 to 
such parties especially1 allow of this2 
and all of them will have a melancholy1 
sad1 and discontented person1 make      
frequent use of honest sports1          
companies1 and recreations1 et          
incitandos ad ,venerem1 as              
#cead,rodericus a ,fonseca will1 aspectu
 et contactu pulcherrimarum foeminarum1 
to be drawn to such consorts1 whether   
they will or no4 ,not to be an auditor  
only1 or a spectator1 but sometimes an  
actor himself4 ,dulce est desipere in   
loco1 to play the fool now and then is  
not amiss1 there is a time for all      
things4 ,grave ,socrates would be merry 
by fits1 sing1 dance1 and take his      
liquor too1 or else ,theodoret belies   
him2 so would old ,cato1 #ceae,tully by 
his own confession1 and the rest4       
,xenophon1 in his ,sympos4 brings in    

,socrates as a principal actor1 no man  
merrier than himself1 and sometimes he  
would #ceafride a cockhorse with his    
children4--equitare in arundine longa4  
7,though ,alcibiades scoffed at him for 
it7 and well he might2 for now and then 
7saith ,plutarch7 the most virtuous1    
honest1 and gravest men will use feasts1
 jests1 and toys1 as we do sauce to our 
meats4 ,so did ,scipio and ,laelius1    
#ceag,qui ubi se a vulgo et scena in    
secreta remorant1 ,virtus ,scipiadae et 
mitis sapientia ,laeli1 ,nugari cum     
illo1 et discincti ludere1 donec        
,decoqueretur olus1 soliti------        
,valorous ,scipio and gentle ,laelius1  
,removed from the scene and rout so     
clamorous1 ,were wont to recreate       
themselves their robes laid by1 ,whilst 
supper by the cook was making ready4    
,machiavel1 in the eighth book of his   
,florentine history1 gives this note of 
,cosmo de ,medici1 the wisest and       
gravest man of his time in ,italy1 that 
he would #ceahnow and then play the most

 egregious fool in his carriage1 and was
 so much given to jesters1 players and  
childish sports1 to make himself merry1 
that he that should but consider his    
gravity on the one part1 his folly and  
lightness on the other1 would surely    
say1 there were two distinct persons in 
him4 ,now methinks he did well in it1   
though #ceai ,salisburiensis be of      
opinion1 that magistrates1 senators1 and
 grave men1 should not descend to       
lighter sports1 ne respublica ludere    
videatur3 but as ,themistocles1 still   
keep a stern and constant carriage4 ,i  
commend ,cosmo de ,medici and           
,castruccius ,castrucanus1 than whom    
,italy never knew a worthier captain1   
another ,alexander1 if #cebj,machiavel  
do not deceive us in his life3 when a   
friend of his reprehended him for       
dancing beside his dignity1 7belike at  
some cushion dance7 he told him again1  
qui sapit interdiu1 vix unquam noctii   
desipit1 he that is wise in the day may 
dote a little in the night4 ,paulus     

,jovius relates as much of ,pope ,leo   
,decimus1 that he was a grave1 discreet1
 staid man1 yet sometimes most free1 and
 too open in his sports4 ,and 'tis not  
altogether #cebaunfit or misbeseeming   
the gravity of such a man1 if that      
decorum of time1 place1 and such        
circumstances be observed4 #cebb,misce  
stultitiam consiliis brevem--and as     
#cebc;he said in an epigram to his wife1
 ,i would have every man say to himself1
 or to his friend1 ,moll1 once in       
pleasant company by chance1 ,i wished   
that you for company would dance3 ,which
 you refus'd1 and said1 your years      
require1 ,now1 matron-like1 both manners
 and attire4 ,well1 ,moll1 if needs you 
will be matron-like1 ,then trust to     
this1 ,i will thee matron-like3 ,yet so 
to you my love1 may never lessen1 ,as   
you for church1 house1 bed1 observe this
 lesson3 ,sit in the church as solemn as
 a saint1 ,no deed1 word1 thought1 your 
due devotion taint3 ,veil1 if you will1 
your head1 your soul reveal ,to him that

 only wounded souls can heal3 ,be in my 
house as busy as a bee4 ,having a sting 
for every one but me2 ,buzzing in every 
corner1 gath'ring honey3 ,let nothing   
waste1 that costs or yieldeth money4    
#cebd;,and when thou seest my heart to  
mirth incline1 ,thy tongue1 wit1 blood1 
warm with good cheer and wine3  ,then of
 sweet sports let no occasion scape1    
,but be as wanton1 toying as an ape4    
,those old #cebe;,greeks had their      
,lubentiam ,deam1 goddess of pleasure1  
and the ,lacedaemonians1 instructed from
 ,lycurgus1 did ,deo ,risui sucrificare1
 after their wars especially1 and in    
times of peace1 which was used in       
,thessaly1 as it appears by that of     
#cebf;,apuleius1 who was made an        
instrument of their laughter himself3   
#cebg;,because laughter and merriment   
was to season their labours and modester
 life4 #cebh,risus enim divum atque2    
hominum est aeterna voluptas4 ,princes  
use jesters1 players1 and have those    
masters of revels in their courts4 ,the 

,romans at every supper 7for they had no
 solemn dinner7 used music1 gladiators1 
jesters1 c4 as #cebi,suetonius relates  
of ,tiberius1 ,dion of ,commodus1 and so
 did the ,greeks4 ,besides music1 in    
,xenophon's ,sympos4 ,philippus ridendi 
artifex1 ,philip1 a jester1 was brought 
to make sport4 ,paulus ,jovius1 in the  
eleventh book of his history1 hath a    
pretty digression of our ,english       
customs1 which howsoever some may       
misconstrue1 ,i1 for my part1 will      
interpret to the best4 #cecj,the whole  
nation beyond all other mortal men1 is  
most given to banqueting and feasts2 for
 they prolong them many hours together1 
with dainty cheer1 exquisite music1 and 
facete jesters1 and afterwards they fall
 a dancing and courting their           
mistresses1 till it be late in the      
night4 ,volateran gives the same        
testimony of this island1 commending our
 jovial manner of entertainment and good
 mirth1 and methinks he saith well1     
there is no harm in it2 long may they   

use it1 and all such modest sports4     
,ctesias reports of a ,persian king1    
that had #aej maids attending at his    
table1 to play1 sing1 and dance by      
turns2 and #ceca,lil4 ,geraldus of an   
,egyptian prince1 that kept nine virgins
 still to wait upon him1 and those of   
most excellent feature1 and sweet       
voices1 which afterwards gave occasion  
to the ,greeks of that fiction of the   
nine ,muses4 ,the king of ,ethiopia in  
,africa1 most of our ,asiatic princes   
have done so and do2 those ,sophies1    
,mogors1 ,turks1 c4 solace themselves   
after supper amongst their queens and   
concubines1 quae jucundioris            
oblectamenti causa 7#cecbsaith mine     
author7 coram rege psallere et saltare  
consueverant1 taking great pleasure to  
see and hear them sing and dance4 ,this 
and many such means to exhilarate the   
heart of men1 have been still practised 
in all ages1 as knowing there is no     
better thing to the preservation of     
man's life4 ,what shall ,i say1 then1   

but to every melancholy man1 #cecc,utere
 convivis1 non tristibus utere amicis1  
,quos nugae et risus1 et joca salsa     
juvant4  ,feast often1 and use friends  
not still so sad1 ,whose jests and      
merriments may make thee glad4  ,use    
honest and chaste sports1 scenical      
shows1 plays1 games2 #cecd ,accedant    
juvenumque ,chori1 mistaeque puellae4   
,and as ,marsilius ,ficinus concludes an
 epistle to ,bernard ,canisianus1 and   
some other of his friends1 will ,i this 
tract to all good students1 #cece,live  
merrily1 ,o my friends1 free from cares1
 perplexity1 anguish1 grief of mind1    
live merrily1 laetitia caelum vos       
creavit3 #cecf;,again and again ,i      
request you to be merry1 if anything    
trouble your hearts1 or vex your souls1 
neglect and contemn it1 #cecglet it     
pass4 #cech;,and this ,i enjoin you1 not
 as a divine alone1 but as a physician2 
for without this mirth1 which is the    
life and quintessence of physic1        
medicines1 and whatsoever is used and   

applied to prolong the life of man1 is  
dull1 dead1 and of no force4 ,dum fata  
sinunt1 vivite laeti 7,seneca71 ,i say  
be merry4 #ceci,nec lusibus virentem    
,viduemus hanc juventam4  ,it was       
,tiresias the prophet's council to      
#cedj,menippus1 that travelled all the  
world over1 even down to hell itself to 
seek content1 and his last farewell to  
,menippus1 to be merry4 #ceda;,contemn  
the world 7saith he7 and count that is  
in it vanity and toys2 this only covet  
all thy life long2 be not curious1 or   
over solicitous in anything1 but with a 
well composed and contented estate to   
enjoy thyself1 and above all things to  
be merry4 #cedb,si ,numerus uti censet  
sine amore jocisque1 ,nil est jucundum1 
vivas in amore jocisque4  ,nothing      
better 7to conclude with ,solomon1      
,eccles4 iii4 #bb71 than that a man     
should rejoice in his affairs4 ',tis the
 same advice which every physician in   
this case rings to his patient1 as      
,capivaccius to his1 #cedc avoid        

overmuch study and perturbations of the 
mind1 and as much as in thee lies live  
at heart's-ease3 ,prosper ,calenus to   
that melancholy ,cardinal ,caesius1     
#cedd;amidst thy serious studies and    
business1 use jests and conceits1 plays 
and toys1 and whatsoever else may       
recreate thy mind4 ,nothing better than 
mirth and merry company in this malady4 
#cede;,it begins with sorrow 7saith     
,montanus71 it must be expelled with    
hilarity4 ,but see the mischief2 many   
men1 knowing that merry company is the  
only medicine against melancholy1 will  
therefore neglect their business2 and in
 another extreme1 spend all their days  
among good fellows in a tavern or an    
alehouse1 and know not otherwise how to 
bestow their time but in drinking2      
malt-worms1 men-fishes1 or water-snakes1
 #cedf,qui bibunt solum ranarum more1   
nihil comedentes1 like so many frogs in 
a puddle4 ',tis their sole exercise to  
eat1 and drink2 to sacrifice to         
,volupia1 ,rumina1 ,edulica1 ,potina1   

,mellona1 is all their religion4 ,they  
wish for ,philoxenus' neck1 ,jupiter's  
trinoctium1 and that the sun would stand
 still as in ,joshua's time1 to satisfy 
their lust1 that they might dies        
noctesque pergraecari et bibere4        
,flourishing wits1 and men of good      
parts1 good fashion1 and good worth1    
basely prostitute themselves to every   
rogue's company1 to take tobacco and    
drink1 to roar and sing scurrilous songs
 in base places4 #cedg;,invenies aliquem
 cum percussore jacentem1 ,permistum    
nautis1 aut furibus1 aut fugitivis4     
,which ,thomas ,erastus objects to      
,paracelsus1 that he would be drinking  
all day long with carmen and tapsters in
 a brothel-house1 is too frequent among 
us1 with men of better note3 like       
,timocreon of ,rhodes1 multa bibens1 et 
multa vorans1 c4 ,they drown their wits1
 seethe their brains in ale1 consume    
their fortunes1 lose their time1 weaken 
their temperatures1 contract filthy     
diseases1 rheums1 dropsies1 calentures1 

tremor1 get swollen jugulars1 pimpled   
red faces1 sore eyes1 c42 heat their    
livers1 alter their complexions1 spoil  
their stomachs1 overthrow their bodies2 
for drink drowns more than the sea and  
all the rivers that fall into it 7mere  
funges and casks71 confound their souls1
 suppress reason1 go from ,scylla to    
,charybdis1 and use that which is a help
 to their undoing4 #cedh,quid refert    
morbo an ferro pereamve ruina8          
#cedi,when the ,black ,prince went to   
set the exiled king of ,castile into his
 kingdom1 there was a terrible battle   
fought between the ,english and the     
,spanish3 at last the ,spanish fled1 the
 ,english followed them to the river    
side1 where some drowned themselves to  
avoid their enemies1 the rest were      
killed4 ,now tell me what difference is 
between drowning and killing8 ,as good  
be melancholy still1 as drunken beasts  
and beggars4 ,company a sole comfort1   
and an only remedy to all kind of       
discontent1 is their sole misery and    

cause of perdition4 ,as ,hermione       
lamented in ,euripides1 malae mulieres  
me fecerunt malam4 ,evil company marred 
her1 may they justly complain1 bad      
companions have been their bane4 ,for1  
#ceejmalus malum vult ut sit sui        
similis2 one drunkard in a company1 one 
thief1 one whoremaster1 will by his     
goodwill make all the rest as bad as    
himself1 #ceea------;,et si ,nocturnos  
jures te formidare vapores1  be of what 
complexion you will1 inclination1 love  
or hate1 be it good or bad1 if you come 
amongst them1 you must do as they do2   
yea1 #ceebthough it be to the prejudice 
of your health1 you must drink venenum  
pro vino4 ,and so like grasshoppers1    
whilst they sing over their cups all    
summer1 they starve in winter2 and for a
 little vain merriment shall find a     
sorrowful reckoning in the end4         
,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,a          
,consolatory ,digression1 containing the
 ,remedies of all manner of             
,discontents4  ,because in the preceding

 section ,i have made mention of good   
counsel1 comfortable speeches1          
persuasion1 how necessarily they are    
required to the cure of a discontented  
or troubled mind1 how present a remedy  
they yield1 and many times a sole       
sufficient cure of themselves2 ,i have  
thought fit in this following section1 a
 little to digress 7if at least it be to
 digress in this subject71 to collect   
and glean a few remedies1 and           
comfortable speeches out of our best    
orators1 philosophers1 divines1 and     
fathers of the church1 tending to this  
purpose4 ,i confess1 many have copiously
 written of this subject1 ,plato1       
,seneca1 ,plutarch1 ,xenophon1          
,epictetus1 ,theophrastus1 ,xenocrates1 
,grantor1 ,lucian1 ,boethius3 and some  
of late1 ,sadoletus1 ,cardan1 ,budaeus1 
,stella1 ,petrarch1 ,erasmus1 besides   
,austin1 ,cyprian1 ,bernard1 c4 ,and    
they so well1 that as ,hierome in like  
case said1 si nostrum areret ingenium1  
de illorum posset fontibus irrigari1 if 

our barren wits were dried up1 they     
might be copiously irrigated from those 
well-springs3 and ,i shall but actum    
agere2 yet because these tracts are not 
so obvious and common1 ,i will          
epitomise1 and briefly insert some of   
their divine precepts1 reducing their   
voluminous and vast treatises to my     
small scale2 for it were otherwise      
impossible to bring so great vessels    
into so little a creek4 ,and although   
7as ,cardan said of his book de consol47
 #ceec;,i know beforehand1 this tract of
 mine many will contemn and reject2 they
 that are fortunate1 happy1 and in      
flourishing estate1 have no need of such
 consolatory speeches2 they that are    
miserable and unhappy1 think them       
insufficient to ease their grieved      
minds1 and comfort their misery3 yet ,i 
will go on2 for this must needs do some 
good to such as are happy1 to bring them
 to a moderation1 and make them reflect 
and know themselves1 by seeing the      
inconstancy of human felicity1 others'  

misery2 and to such as are distressed1  
if they will but attend and consider of 
this1 it cannot choose but give some    
content and comfort4 #ceed',tis true1 no
 medicine can cure all diseases1 some   
affections of the mind are altogether   
incurable2 yet these helps of art1      
physic1 and philosophy must not be      
contemned4 ,arrianus and ,plotinus are  
stiff in the contrary opinion1 that such
 precepts can do little good4 ,boethius 
himself cannot comfort in some cases1   
they will reject such speeches like     
bread of stones1 ,insana stultae mentis 
haec solatia4 #ceee ,words add no       
courage1 which #ceef;,catiline once said
 to his soldiers1 a captain's oration   
doth not make a coward a valiant man3   
and as ,job #ceeg feelingly said to his 
friends1 you are but miserable          
comforters all4 ',tis to no purpose in  
that vulgar phrase to use a company of  
obsolete sentences1 and familiar        
sayings3 as #ceeh,plinius ,secundus1    
being now sorrowful and heavy for the   

departure of his dear friend ,cornelius 
,rufus1 a ,roman senator1 wrote to his  
fellow ,tiro in like case1 adhibe       
solatia1 sed nova aliqua1 sed fortia1   
quae audierim nunquam1 legerim nunquam3 
nam quae audivi1 quae legi omnia1 tanto 
dolore superantur1 either say something 
that ,i never read nor heard of before1 
or else hold thy peace4 ,most men will  
here except trivial consolations1       
ordinary speeches1 and known persuasions
 in this behalf will be of small force2 
what can any man say that hath not been 
said8 ,to what end are such paraenetical
 discourses8 you may as soon remove     
,mount ,caucasus1 as alter some men's   
affections4 ,yet sure ,i think they     
cannot choose but do some good1 and     
comfort and ease a little1 though it be 
the same again1 ,i will say it1 and upon
 that hope ,i will adventure4 #ceei,non 
meus hic sermo1 'tis not my speech this1
 but of ,seneca1 ,plutarch1 ,epictetus1 
,austin1 ,bernard1 ,christ and his      
,apostles4 ,if ,i make nothing1 as      

#cefj,montaigne said in like case1 ,i   
will mar nothing2 'tis not my doctrine  
but my study1 ,i hope ,i shall do nobody
 wrong to speak what ,i think1 and      
deserve not blame in imparting my mind4 
,if it be not for thy ease1 it may for  
mine own2 so ,tully1 ,cardan1 and       
,boethius wrote de consol4 as well to   
help themselves as others2 be it as it  
may ,i will essay4 ,discontents and     
grievances are either general or        
particular2 general are wars1 plagues1  
dearths1 famine1 fires1 inundations1    
unseasonable weather1 epidemical        
diseases which afflict whole kingdoms1  
territories1 cities2 or peculiar to     
private men1 #cefa;as cares1 crosses1   
losses1 death of friends1 poverty1 want1
 sickness1 orbities1 injuries1 abuses1  
c4 ,generally all discontent1           
#cefb;homines quatimur fortunae1 salo4  
,no condition free1 quisque suos patimur
 manes4 ,even in the midst of our mirth 
and jollity1 there is some grudging1    
some complaint2 as #cefc;he saith1 our  

whole life is a glycypicron1 a bitter   
sweet passion1 honey and gall mixed     
together1 we are all miserable and      
discontent1 who can deny it8 ,if all1   
and that it be a common calamity1 an    
inevitable necessity1 all distressed1   
then as ,cardan infers1 #cefdwho art    
thou that hopest to go free8 ,why dost  
thou not grieve thou art a mortal man1  
and not governor of the world8 ,ferre   
quam sortem patiuntur omnes1 ,nemo      
recuset1 #cefe;,if it be common to all1 
why should one man be more disquieted   
than another8 ,if thou alone wert       
distressed1 it were indeed more irksome1
 and less to be endured2 but when the   
calamity is common1 comfort thyself with
 this1 thou hast more fellows1 ,solamen 
miseris socios habuisse doloris2 'tis   
not thy sole case1 and why shouldst thou
 be so impatient8 #ceff;,aye1 but alas  
we are more miserable than others1 what 
shall we do8 ,besides private miseries1 
we live in perpetual fear and danger of 
common enemies3 we have ,bellona's      

whips1 and pitiful outcries1 for        
epithalamiums2 for pleasant music1 that 
fearful noise of ordnance1 drums1 and   
warlike trumpets still sounding in our  
ears2 instead of nuptial torches1 we    
have firing of towns and cities2 for    
triumphs1 lamentations2 for joy1 tears4 
#cefg,so it is1 and so it was1 and so it
 ever will be4 ,he that refuseth to see 
and hear1 to suffer this1 is not fit to 
live in this world1 and knows not the   
common condition of all men1 to whom so 
long as they live1 with a reciprocal    
course1 joys and sorrows are annexed1   
and succeed one another4 ,it is         
inevitable1 it may not be avoided1 and  
why then shouldst thou be so much       
troubled8 ,grave nihil est homini quod  
fert necessitas1 as #cefh,tully deems   
out of an old poet1 that which is       
necessary cannot be grievous4 ,if it be 
so1 then comfort thyself in this1       
#cefithat whether thou wilt or no1 it   
must be endured3 make a virtue of       
necessity1 and conform thyself to       

undergo it4 #cegj,si longa est1 levis   
est2 si gravis est1 brevis est4 ,if it  
be long1 'tis light2 if grievous1 it    
cannot last4 ,it will away1 dies dolorem
 minuit1 and if nought else1 time will  
wear it out2 custom will ease it2 #cega 
oblivion is a common medicine for all   
losses1 injuries1 griefs1 and detriments
 whatsoever1 #cegb;and when they are    
once past1 this commodity comes of      
infelicity1 it makes the rest of our    
life sweeter unto us3 #cegc ,atque haec 
olim meminisse juvabit1 recollection of 
the past is pleasant3 the privation and 
want of a thing many times makes it more
 pleasant and delightsome than before it
 was4 ,we must not think the happiest of
 us all to escape here without some     
misfortunes1 #cegd------,usque adeo     
nulla est sincera voluptas1             
,solicitumque aliquid laetis            
intervenit4------  ,heaven and earth are
 much unlike3 #cege,those heavenly      
bodies indeed are freely carried in     
their orbs without any impediment or    

interruption1 to continue their course  
for innumerable ages1 and make their    
conversions3 but men are urged with many
 difficulties1 and have diverse         
hindrances1 oppositions still crossing1 
interrupting their endeavours and       
desires1 and no mortal man is free from 
this law of nature4 ,we must not        
therefore hope to have all things answer
 our own expectation1 to have a         
continuance of good success and         
fortunes1 ,fortuna nunquam perpetuo est 
bona4 ,and as ,minutius ,felix1 the     
,roman consul1 told that insulting      
,coriolanus1 drunk with his good        
fortunes1 look not for that success thou
 hast hitherto had2 #cegf;,it never yet 
happened to any man since the beginning 
of the world1 nor ever will1 to have all
 things according to his desire1 or to  
whom fortune was never opposite and     
adverse4 ,even so it fell out to him as 
he foretold4 ,and so to others1 even to 
that happiness of ,augustus2 though he  
were ,jupiter's almoner1 ,pluto's       

treasurer1 ,neptune's admiral1 it could 
not secure him4 ,such was ,alcibiades's 
fortune1 ,narsetes1 that great          
,gonsalvus1 and most famous men's1 that 
as #cegg;,jovius concludes1 it is almost
 fatal to great princes1 through their  
own default or otherwise circumvented   
with envy and malice1 to lose their     
honours1 and die contumeliously4 ',tis  
so1 still hath been1 and ever will be1  
,nihil est ab omni parte beatum1        
,there's no perfection is so absolute1  
,that some impurity doth not pollute4   
,whatsoever is under the moon is subject
 to corruption1 alteration2 and so long 
as thou livest upon earth look not for  
other4 #cegh,thou shalt not here find   
peaceable and cheerful days1 quiet      
times1 but rather clouds1 storms1       
calumnies1 such is our fate4 ,and as    
those errant planets in their distinct  
orbs have their several motions1        
sometimes direct1 stationary1           
retrograde1 in apogee1 perigee1         
oriental1 occidental1 combust1 feral1   

free1 and as our astrologers will1 have 
their fortitudes and debilities1 by     
reason of those good and bad            
irradiations1 conferred to each other's 
site in the heavens1 in their terms1    
houses1 case1 detriments1 c4 ,so we rise
 and fall in this world1 ebb and flow1  
in and out1 reared and dejected1 lead a 
troublesome life1 subject to many       
accidents and casualties of fortunes1   
variety of passions1 infirmities as well
 from ourselves as others4 ,yea1 but    
thou thinkest thou art more miserable   
than the rest1 other men are happy but  
in respect of thee1 their miseries are  
but flea-bitings to thine1 thou alone   
art unhappy1 none so bad as thyself4    
,yet if1 as ,socrates said1 #cegi;,all  
men in the world should come and bring  
their grievances together1 of body1     
mind1 fortune1 sores1 ulcers1 madness1  
epilepsies1 agues1 and all those common 
calamities of beggary1 want1 servitude1 
imprisonment1 and lay them on a heap to 
be equally divided1 wouldst thou share  

alike1 and take thy portion8 or be as   
thou art8 ,without question thou wouldst
 be as thou art4 ,if some ,jupiter      
should say1 to give us all content1     
#cehj;,jam faciam quod vultis2 eris tu1 
qui modo miles1 ,mercator2 tu consultus 
modo1 rusticus2 hinc vos1 ,vos hinc     
mutatis discedite partibus2 eia ,quid   
slatis8 nolint4  ,well be't so then2 you
 master soldier ,shall be a merchant2   
you sir lawyer ,a country gentlemen2 go 
you to this1 ,that side you2 why stand  
ye8 it's well as 'tis4  #ceha;,every man
 knows his own1 but not others' defects 
and miseries2 and 'tis the nature of all
 men still to reflect upon themselves1  
their own misfortunes1 not to examine or
 consider other men's1 not to compare   
themselves with others3 ,to recount     
their miseries1 but not their good      
gifts1 fortunes1 benefits1 which they   
have1 or ruminate on their adversity1   
but not once to think on their          
prosperity1 not what they have1 but what
 they want3 to look still on them that  

go before1 but not on those infinite    
numbers that come after4 #cehb,whereas  
many a man would think himself in       
heaven1 a pretty prince1 if he had but  
the least part of that fortune which    
thou so much repinest at1 abhorrest and 
accountest a most vile and wretched     
estate4 ,how many thousands want that   
which thou hast8 how many myriads of    
poor slaves1 captives1 of such as work  
day and night in coal-pits1 tin-mines1  
with sore toil to maintain a poor       
living1 of such as labour in body and   
mind1 live in extreme anguish1 and pain1
 all which thou art free from8 ,o       
fortunatos nimium bona si sua norint3   
,thou art most happy if thou couldst be 
content1 and acknowledge thy happiness2 
#cehc,rem carendo1 non fruendo          
cognoscimus1 when thou shalt hereafter  
come to want that which thou now        
loathest1 abhorrest1 and art weary of1  
and tired with1 when 'tis past thou wilt
 say thou wert most happy3 and after a  
little miss1 wish with all thine heart  

thou hadst the same content again1      
mightst lead but such a life1 a world   
for such a life3 the remembrance of it  
is pleasant4 ,be silent then1 #cehdrest 
satisfied1 desine1 intuensque in aliorum
 infortunia solare mentem1 comfort      
thyself with other men's misfortunes1   
and as the mouldwarp in ,aesop told the 
fox1 complaining for want of a tail1 and
 the rest of his companions1 tacete1    
quando me occulis captum videtis1 you   
complain of toys1 but ,i am blind1 be   
quiet4 ,i say to thee be thou satisfied4
 ,it is #ceherecorded of the hares1 that
 with a general consent they went to    
drown themselves1 out of a feeling of   
their misery2 but when they saw a       
company of frogs more fearful than they 
were1 they began to take courage1 and   
comfort again4 ,compare thine estate    
with others4 ,similes aliorum respice   
casus1 mitius ista feres4 ,be content   
and rest satisfied1 for thou art well in
 respect to others3 be thankful for that
 thou hast1 that ,god hath done for     

thee1 he hath not made thee a monster1 a
 beast1 a base creature1 as he might1   
but a man1 a ,christian1 such a man2    
consider aright of it1 thou art full    
well as thou art4 #cehf,quicquid vult   
habere nemo potest1 no man can have what
 he will1 ,illud potest nolle quod non  
habet1 he may choose whether he will    
desire that which he hath not4 ,thy lot 
is fallen1 make the best of it4         
#cehg;,if we should all sleep at all    
times1 7as ,endymion is said to have    
done7 who then were happier than his    
fellow8 ,our life is but short1 a very  
dream1 and while we look about          
#cehh;immortalitas adest1 eternity is at
 hand3 #cehi,our life is a pilgrimage on
 earth1 which wise men pass with great  
alacrity4 ,if thou be in woe1 sorrow1   
want1 distress1 in pain1 or sickness1   
think of that of our apostle1 ,god      
chastiseth them whom he loveth3 they    
that sow in tears1 shall reap in joy1   
,psal4 cxxvi4 #f4 ,as the furnace       
proveth the potter's vessel1 so doth    

temptation try men's thoughts1 ,eccl4   
xxv4 #e1 'tis for #ceijthy good1        
,periisses nisi periisses3 hadst thou   
not been so visited1 thou hadst been    
utterly undone3 as gold in the fire1 so 
men are tried in adversity4 ,tribulatio 
ditut3 and which ,camerarius hath well  
shadowed in an emblem of a thresher and 
corn1 ,si tritura absit paleis sunt     
abdita grana1 ,nos crux mundanis separat
 a paleis3  ,as threshing separates from
 straw the corn1 ,by crosses from the   
world's chaff are we born4  ',tis the   
very same which #ceia;,chrysostom       
comments1 hom4 #b4 in #c ,mat4 ,corn is 
not separated but by threshing1 nor men 
from worldly impediments but by         
tribulation4 ',tis that which           
#ceib;,cyprian ingeminates1 ,ser4 #d4 de
 immort4 ',tis that which #ceic;,hierom1
 which all the fathers inculcate1 so we 
are catechised for eternity4 ',tis that 
which the proverb insinuates4           
,nocumentum documentum2 'tis that which 
all the world rings in our ears4 ,deus  

unicum habet filium sine peccato1 nullum
 sine flagello3 ,god1 saith             
#ceid;,austin1 hath one son without sin1
 none without correction4 #ceie;,an     
expert seaman is tried in a tempest1 a  
runner in a race1 a captain in a battle1
 a valiant man in adversity1 a          
,christian in tentation and misery4     
,basil1 hom4 #h4 ,we are sent as so many
 soldiers into this world1 to strive    
with it1 the flesh1 the devil2 our life 
is a warfare1 and who knows it not8     
#ceif,non est ad astra mollis e terris  
via3 #ceig;and therefore peradventure   
this world here is made troublesome unto
 us1 that1 as ,gregory notes1 we should 
not be delighted by the way1 and forget 
whither we are going4 #ceih;,ite nunc   
fortes1 ubi celsa magni ,ducit exempli  
via1 cur inertis ,terga nudatis8        
superata tellus  ,sidera donat4  ,go on 
then merrily to heaven4 ,if the way be  
troublesome1 and you in misery1 in many 
grievances3 on the other side you have  
many pleasant sports1 objects1 sweet    

smells1 delightsome tastes1 music1      
meats1 herbs1 flowers1 c4 to recreate   
your senses4 ,or put case thou art now  
forsaken of the world1 dejected1        
contemned1 yet comfort thyself1 as it   
was said to ,agar in the wilderness1    
#ceii;,god sees thee1 he takes notice of
 thee3 there is a ,god above that can   
vindicate thy cause1 that can relieve   
thee4 ,and surely #cfjj,seneca thinks he
 takes delight in seeing thee4 ,the gods
 are well pleased when they see great   
men contending with adversity1 as we are
 to see men fight1 or a man with a      
beast4 ,but these are toys in respect1  
#cfja ,behold1 saith he1 a spectacle    
worthy of ,god2 a good man contented    
with his estate4 ,a tyrant is the best  
sacrifice to ,jupiter1 as the ancients  
held1 and his best object a contented   
mind4 ,for thy part then rest satisfied1
 cast all thy care on him1 thy burthen  
on him1 #cfjbrely on him1 trust on him1 
and he shall nourish thee1 care for     
thee1 give thee thine heart's desire2   

say with ,david1 ,god is our hope and   
strength1 in troubles ready to be found1
 ,psal4 xlvi4 #a4 for they that trust in
 the ,lord shall be as ,mount ,zion1    
which cannot be removed1 ,psal4 cxxiv4  
#a4 #b4 as the mountains are about      
,jerusalem1 so is the ,lord about his   
people1 from henceforth and for ever4   
,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,deformity of body1      
sickness1 baseness of birth1 peculiar   
discontents4  ,particular discontents   
and grievances1 are either of body1     
mind1 or fortune1 which as they wound   
the soul of man1 produce this           
melancholy1 and many great              
inconveniences1 by that antidote of good
 counsel and persuasion may be eased or 
expelled4 ,deformities and imperfections
 of our bodies1 as lameness1            
crookedness1 deafness1 blindness1 be    
they innate or accidental1 torture many 
men3 yet this may comfort them1 that    
those imperfections of the body do not a
 whit blemish the soul1 or hinder the   
operations of it1 but rather help and   

much increase it4 ,thou art lame of     
body1 deformed to the eye1 yet this     
hinders not but that thou mayst be a    
good1 a wise1 upright1 honest man4      
#cfjc,seldom1 saith ,plutarch1 honesty  
and beauty dwell together1 and          
oftentimes under a threadbare coat lies 
an excellent understanding1 saepe sub   
attrita latitat sapientia veste4        
#cfjd;,cornelius ,mussus1 that famous   
preacher in ,italy1 when he came first  
into the pulpit in ,venice1 was so much 
contemned by reason of his outside1 a   
little lean1 poor1 dejected person1     
#cfjethey were all ready to leave the   
church2 but when they heard his voice   
they did admire him1 and happy was that 
senator could enjoy his company1 or     
invite him first to his house4 ,a silly 
fellow to look to1 may have more wit1   
learning1 honesty1 than he that struts  
it out ,ampullis jactans1 c4 grandia    
gradiens1 and is admired in the world's 
opinion3 ,vilis saepe cadus nobile      
nectar habet1 the best wine comes out of

 an old vessel4 ,how many deformed      
princes1 kings1 emperors1 could ,i      
reckon up1 philosophers1 orators8       
,hannibal had but one eye1 ,appius      
,claudius1 ,timoleon1 blind1 ,muleasse1 
king of ,tunis1 ,john1 king of ,bohemia1
 and ,tiresias the prophet4 #cfjf,the   
night hath his pleasure2 and for the    
loss of that one sense such men are     
commonly recompensed in the rest2 they  
have excellent memories1 other good     
parts1 music1 and many recreations2 much
 happiness1 great wisdom1 as ,tully well
 discourseth in his #cfjg ,tusculan     
questions3 ,homer was blind1 yet who    
7saith he7 made more accurate1 lively1  
or better descriptions1 with both his   
eyes8 ,democritus was blind1 yet as     
,laertius writes of him1 he saw more    
than all ,greece besides1 as #cfjh,plato
 concludes1 ,tum sane mentis oculus     
acute incipit cernere1 quum primum      
corporis oculus deflorescit1 when our   
bodily eyes are at worst1 generally the 
eyes of our soul see best4 ,some        

philosophers and divines have evirated  
themselves1 and put out their eyes      
voluntarily1 the better to contemplate4 
,angelus ,politianus had a tetter in his
 nose continually running1 fulsome in   
company1 yet no man so eloquent and     
pleasing in his works4 ,aesop was       
crooked1 ,socrates purblind1            
long-legged1 hairy2 ,democritus         
withered1 ,seneca lean and harsh1 ugly  
to behold1 yet show me so many          
flourishing wits1 such divine spirits3  
,horace a little blear-eyed contemptible
 fellow1 yet who so sententious and     
wise8 ,marcilius ,picinus1 ,faber       
,stapulensis1 a couple of dwarfs1       
#cfji,melancthon a short hard-favoured  
man1 parvus erat1 sed magnus erat1 c41  
yet of incomparable parts all three4    
#cfaj;,ignatius ,loyola the founder of  
the ,jesuits1 by reason of a hurt he    
received in his leg1 at the siege of    
,pampeluna1 the chief town of ,navarre  
in ,spain1 unfit for wars and less      
serviceable at court1 upon that accident

 betook himself to his beads1 and by    
those means got more honour than ever he
 should have done with the use of his   
limbs1 and properness of person3        
#cfaa,vulnus non penetrat animum1 a     
wound hurts not the soul4 ,galba the    
emperor was crook-backed1 ,epictetus    
lame3 that great ,alexander a little man
 of stature1 #cfab;,augustus ,caesar of 
the same pitch3 ,agesilaus despicabili  
forma2 ,boccharis a most deformed prince
 as ever ,egypt had1 yet as             
#cfac;,diodorus ,siculus records of him1
 in wisdom and knowledge far beyond his 
predecessors4 ,a4 ,dom4 #acjf4 #cfad    
,uladeslaus ,cubitalis that pigmy king  
of ,poland reigned and fought more      
victorious battles than any of his      
long-shanked predecessors4 ,nullam      
virtus respuit staturam1 virtue refuseth
 no stature1 and commonly your great    
vast bodies1 and fine features1 are     
sottish1 dull1 and leaden spirits4      
,what's in them8 #cfae,quid nisi pondus 
iners stolidaeque ferocia memtis1 ,what 

in ,osus and ,ephialtes 7,neptune's sons
 in ,homer71 nine acres long8 #cfaf,qui 
ut magnus ,orion1 ,cum pedes incedit1   
medii per maxima ,nerei ,stagna1 viam   
findens humero supereminet undas4  ,like
 tall ,orion stalking o'er the flood3   
,when with his brawny breast he cuts the
 waves1 ,his shoulder scarce the topmost
 billow laves4  ,what in ,maximinus1    
,ajax1 ,caligula1 and the rest of those 
great ,zanzummins1 or gigantical        
,anakims1 heavy1 vast1 barbarous        
lubbers8 #cfag------si membra tibi dant 
grandia ,parcae1 ,mentis eges8  ,their  
body1 saith #cfah,lemnius1 is a burden  
to them1 and their spirits not so       
lively1 nor they so erect and merry3    
,non est in magno corpore mica salis3 a 
little diamond is more worth than a     
rocky mountain3 which made ,alexander   
,aphrodiseus positively conclude1 ,the  
lesser1 the #cfaiwiser1 because the soul
 was more contracted in such a body4    
,let ,bodine in his #e4 c4 method1 hist4
 plead the rest2 the lesser they are1 as

 in ,asia1 ,greece1 they have generally 
the finest wits4 ,and for bodily stature
 which some so much admire1 and goodly  
presence1 'tis true1 to say the best of 
them1 great men are proper1 and tall1 ,i
 grant1--caput inter nubila condunt1    
7hide their heads in the clouds72 but   
belli pusilli little men are pretty3    
,sed si bellus homo est ,cotta1 pusillus
 homo est4 ,sickness1 diseases1 trouble 
many1 but without a cause2 #cfbj;,it may
 be 'tis for the good of their souls3   
,pars fati fuit1 the flesh rebels       
against the spirit2 that which hurts the
 one1 must needs help the other4        
,sickness is the mother of modesty1     
putteth us in mind of our mortality2 and
 when we are in the full career of      
worldly pomp and jollity1 she pulleth us
 by the ear1 and maketh us know         
ourselves4 #cfba,pliny calls it1 the sum
 of philosophy1 ,if we could but perform
 that in our health1 which we promise in
 our sickness4 ,quum infirmi sumus1     
optimi sumus2 #cfbb;for what sick man   

7as #cfbc ,secundus expostulates with   
,rufus7 was ever lascivious1 covetous1  
or ambitious8 he envies no man1 admires 
no man1 flatters no man1 despiseth no   
man1 listens not after lies and tales1  
c4 ,and were it not for such gentle     
remembrances1 men would have no         
moderation of themselves1 they would be 
worse than tigers1 wolves1 and lions3   
who should keep them in awe8 princes1   
masters1 parents1 magistrates1 judges1  
friends1 enemies1 fair or foul means    
cannot contain us1 but a little         
sickness1 7as #cfbd;,chrysostom         
observes7 will correct and amend us4    
,and therefore with good discretion1    
#cfbe;,jovianus ,pontanus caused this   
short sentence to be engraven on his    
tomb in ,naples3 ,labour1 sorrow1 grief1
 sickness1 want and woe1 to serve proud 
masters1 bear that superstitious yoke1  
and bury your clearest friends1 c41 are 
the sauces of our life4 ,if thy disease 
be continuate and painful to thee1 it   
will not surely last3 and a light       

affliction1 which is but for a moment1  
causeth unto us a far more excellent and
 eternal weight of glory1 #b ,cor4 iv4  
#ag4 bear it with patience2 women endure
 much sorrow in childbed1 and yet they  
will not contain2 and those that are    
barren1 wish for this pain2 be          
courageous1 #cfbfthere is as much valour
 to be shown in thy bed1 as in an army1 
or at a sea fight3 aut vincetur1 aut    
vincet1 thou shalt be rid at last4 ,in  
the mean time1 let it take its course1  
thy mind is not any way disabled4       
,bilibaldus ,pirkimerus1 senator to     
,charles the ,fifth1 ruled all ,germany1
 lying most part of his days sick of the
 gout upon his bed4 ,the more violent   
thy torture is1 the less it will        
continue3 and though it be severe and   
hideous for the time1 comfort thyself as
 martyrs do1 with honour and            
immortality4 #cfbg,that famous          
philosopher ,epicurus1 being in as      
miserable pain of stone and colic1 as a 
man might endure1 solaced himself with a

 conceit of immortality2 the joy of his 
soul for his rare inventions1 repelled  
the pain of his bodily torments4        
,baseness of birth is a great           
disparagement to some men1 especially if
 they be wealthy1 bear office1 and come 
to promotion in a commonwealth2 then 7as
 #cfbh;he observes7 if their birth be   
not answerable to their calling1 and to 
their fellows1 they are much abashed and
 ashamed of themselves4 ,some scorn     
their own father and mother1 deny       
brothers and sisters1 with the rest of  
their kindred and friends1 and will not 
suffer them to come near them1 when they
 are in their pomp1 accounting it a     
scandal to their greatness to have such 
beggarly beginnings4 ,simon in ,lucian1 
having now got a little wealth1 changed 
his name from ,simon to ,simonides1 for 
that there were so many beggars of his  
kin1 and set the house on fire where he 
was born1 because no body should point  
at it4 ,others buy titles1 coats of     
arms1 and by all means screw themselves 

into ancient families1 falsifying       
pedigrees1 usurping scutcheons1 and all 
because they would not seem to be base4 
,the reason is1 for that this gentility 
is so much admired by a company of      
outsides1 and such honour attributed    
unto it1 as amongst #cfbi;,germans1     
,frenchmen1 and ,venetians1 the gentry  
scorn the commonalty1 and will not      
suffer them to match with them2 they    
depress1 and make them as so many asses1
 to carry burdens4 ,in our ordinary talk
 and fallings out1 the most opprobrious 
and scurrile name we can fasten upon a  
man1 or first give1 is to call him base 
rogue1 beggarly rascal1 and the like3   
,whereas in my judgment1 this ought of  
all other grievances to trouble men     
least4 ,of all vanities and fopperies1  
to brag of gentility is the greatest2   
for what is it they crack so much of1   
and challenge such superiority1 as if   
they were demigods8 ,birth8 ,tantane vos
 generis tenuit fiducia vestri8         
#cfcj;,it is non ens1 a mere flash1 a   

ceremony1 a toy1 a thing of nought4     
,consider the beginning1 present estate1
 progress1 ending of gentry1 and then   
tell me what it is4 #cfca,oppression1   
fraud1 cozening1 usury1 knavery1 bawdry1
 murder1 and tyranny1 are the beginning 
of many ancient families3 #cfcbone hath 
been a bloodsucker1 a parricide1 the    
death of many a silly soul in some      
unjust quarrels1 seditions1 made many an
 orphan and poor widow1 and for that he 
is made a lord or an earl1 and his      
posterity gentlemen for ever after4     
,another hath been a bawd1 a pander to  
some great men1 a parasite1 a slave1    
#cfccprostituted himself1 his wife1     
daughter1 to some lascivious prince1 and
 for that he is exalted4 ,tiberius      
preferred many to honours in his time1  
because they were famous whoremasters   
and sturdy drinkers2 many come into this
 parchment-row 7so #cfcdone calls it7 by
 flattery or cozening2 search your old  
families1 and you shall scarce find of a
 multitude 7as ,aeneas ,sylvius         

observes7 qui sceleratum non habent     
ortum1 that have not a wicked beginning2
 aut qui vi et dolo eo fastigii non     
ascendunt1 as that plebeian in          
#cfce,machiavel in a set oration proved 
to his fellows1 that do not rise by     
knavery1 force1 foolery1 villainy1 or   
such indirect means4 ,they are commonly 
able that are wealthy2 virtue and riches
 seldom settle on one man3 who then sees
 not the beginning of nobility8 spoils  
enrich one1 usury another1 treason a    
third1 witchcraft a fourth1 flattery a  
fifth1 lying1 stealing1 bearing false   
witness a sixth1 adultery the seventh1  
c4 ,one makes a fool of himself to make 
his lord merry1 another dandles my young
 master1 bestows a little nag on him1 a 
third marries a cracked piece1 c4 ,now  
may it please your good worship1 your   
lordship1 who was the first founder of  
your family8 ,the poet answers1         
#cfcf;,aut ,pastor fuit1 aut illud quod 
dicere nolo4 ,are he or you the better  
gentleman8 ,if he1 then we have traced  

him to his form4 ,if you1 what is it of 
which thou boastest so much8 ,that thou 
art his son4 ,it may be his heir1 his   
reputed son1 and yet indeed a priest or 
a serving man may be the true father of 
him2 but we will not controvert that    
now2 married women are all honest2 thou 
art his son's son's son1 begotten and   
born infra quatuor maria1 c4 ,thy great 
great great grandfather was a rich      
citizen1 and then in all likelihood a   
usurer1 a lawyer1 and then a--a         
courtier1 and then a--a country         
gentleman1 and then he scraped it out of
 sheep1 c4 ,and you are the heir of all 
his virtues1 fortunes1 titles2 so then1 
what is your gentry1 but as ,hierom     
saith1 ,opes antiquae1 inveteratae      
divitiae1 ancient wealth8 that is the   
definition of gentility4 ,the father    
goes often to the devil1 to make his son
 a gentleman4 ,for the present1 what is 
it8 ,it began 7saith #cfcg;,agrippa7    
with strong impiety1 with tyranny1      
oppression1 c4 and so it is maintained3 

wealth began it 7no matter how got71    
wealth continueth and increaseth it4    
,those ,roman knights were so called1 if
 they could dispend per annum so much4  
#cfch;,in the kingdom of ,naples and    
,france1 he that buys such lands1 buys  
the honour1 title1 barony1 together with
 it2 and they that can dispend so much  
amongst us1 must be called to bear      
office1 to be knights1 or fine for it1  
as one observes1 #cfcinobiliorum ex     
censu judicant1 our nobles are measured 
by their means4 ,and what now is the    
object of honour8 ,what maintains our   
gentry but wealth8 #cfdj,nobilitas sine 
re projecta vilior alga4 ,without means 
gentry is naught worth1 nothing so      
contemptible and base4 #cfda;,disputare 
de nobilitate generis1 sine divitiis1   
est disputare de nobilitate stercoris1  
saith ,nevisanus the lawyer1 to dispute 
of gentry without wealth1 is 7saving    
your reverence7 to discuss the original 
of a merd4 ,so that it is wealth alone  
that denominates1 money which maintains 

it1 gives esse to it1 for which every   
man may have it4 ,and what is their     
ordinary exercise8 #cfdbsit to eat1     
drink1 lie down to sleep1 and rise to   
play3 wherein lies their worth and      
sufficiency8 in a few coats of arms1    
eagles1 lions1 serpents1 bears1 tigers1 
dogs1 crosses1 bends1 fesses1 c41 and   
such like baubles1 which they commonly  
set up in their galleries1 porches1     
windows1 on bowls1 platters1 coaches1 in
 tombs1 churches1 men's sleeves1 c4     
#cfdc;,if he can hawk and hunt1 ride a  
horse1 play at cards and dice1 swagger1 
drink1 swear1 take tobacco with a grace1
 sing1 dance1 wear his clothes in       
fashion1 court and please his mistress1 
talk big fustian1 #cfdd;insult1 scorn1  
strut1 contemn others1 and use a little 
mimical and apish compliment above the  
rest1 he is a complete1 7,egregiam vero 
laudem7 a well-qualified gentleman2     
these are most of their employments1    
this their greatest commendation4 ,what 
is gentry1 this parchment nobility then1

 but as #cfde ,agrippa defines it1 a    
sanctuary of knavery and naughtiness1 a 
cloak for wickedness and execrable      
vices1 of pride1 fraud1 contempt1       
boasting1 oppression1 dissimulation1    
lust1 gluttony1 malice1 fornication1    
adultery1 ignorance1 impiety8 ,a        
nobleman therefore in some likelihood1  
as he concludes1 is an atheist1 an      
oppressor1 an epicure1 a #cfdf;gull1 a  
dizzard1 an illiterate idiot1 an        
outside1 a glowworm1 a proud fool1 an   
arrant ass1 ,ventris et inguinis        
mancipium1 a slave to his lust and      
belly1 solaque libidine fortis4 ,and as 
,salvianus observed of his countrymen   
the ,aquitanes in ,france1 sicut titulis
 primi fuere1 sic et vitiis 7as they    
were the first in rank so also in       
rottenness72 and ,cabinet du ,roy1 their
 own writer1 distinctly of the rest4    
,the nobles of ,berry are most part     
lechers1 they of ,touraine thieves1 they
 of ,narbonne covetous1 they of ,guienne
 coiners1 they of ,provence atheists1   

they of ,rheims superstitious1 they of  
,lyons treacherous1 of ,normandy proud1 
of ,picardy insolent1 c4 ,we may        
generally conclude1 the greater men1 the
 more vicious4 ,in fine1 as             
#cfdg;,aeneas ,sylvius adds1 they are   
most part miserable1 sottish1 and filthy
 fellows1 like the walls of their       
houses1 fair without1 foul within4 ,what
 dost thou vaunt of now8 #cfdh,what dost
 thou gape and wonder at8 admire him for
 his brave apparel1 horses1 dogs1 fine  
houses1 manors1 orchards1 gardens1      
walks8 ,why8 a fool may be possessor of 
this as well as he2 and he that accounts
 him a better man1 a nobleman for having
 of it1 he is a fool himself4 ,now go   
and brag of thy gentility4 ,this is it  
belike which makes the #cfdi,turks at   
this day scorn nobility1 and all those  
huffing bombast titles1 which so much   
elevate their poles3 except it be such  
as have got it at first1 maintain it by 
some supereminent quality1 or excellent 
worth4 ,and for this cause1 the         

,ragusian commonwealth1 ,switzers1 and  
the united provinces1 in all their      
aristocracies1 or democratical          
monarchies1 7if ,i may so call them17   
exclude all these degrees of hereditary 
honours1 and will admit of none to bear 
office1 but such as are learned1 like   
those ,athenian ,areopagites1 wise1     
discreet1 and well brought up4 ,the     
#cfej;,chinese observe the same customs1
 no man amongst them noble by birth2 out
 of their philosophers and doctors they 
choose magistrates3 their politic nobles
 are taken from such as be moraliter    
nobiles virtuous noble2 nobilitas ut    
olim ab officio1 non a natura1 as in    
,israel of old1 and their office was to 
defend and govern their country in war  
and peace1 not to hawk1 hunt1 eat1      
drink1 game alone1 as too many do4      
,their ,loysii1 ,mandarini1 literati1   
licentiati1 and such as have raised     
themselves by their worth1 are their    
noblemen only1 though fit to govern a   
state3 and why then should any that is  

otherwise of worth be ashamed of his    
birth8 why should not he be as much     
respected that leaves a noble posterity1
 as he that hath had noble ancestors8   
nay why not more8 for plures solem      
orientem we adore the sun rising most   
part2 and how much better is it to say1 
,ego meis majoribus virtute praeluxi1   
7,i have outshone my ancestors in       
virtues71 to boast himself of his       
virtues1 than of his birth8             
,cathesbeius1 sultan of ,egypt and      
,syria1 was by his condition a slave1   
but for worth1 valour1 and manhood      
second to no king1 and for that cause   
7as1 #cfea;,jovius writes7 elected      
emperor of the ,mamelukes4 ,that poor   
,spanish ,pizarro for his valour made by
 ,charles the fifth marquess of         
,anatillo2 the ,turkey ,pashas are all  
such4 ,pertinax1 ,philippus ,arabs1     
,maximinus1 ,probus1 ,aurelius1 c41 from
 common soldiers1 became emperors1      
,cato1 ,cincinnatus1 c4 consuls4 ,pius  
,secundus1 ,sixtus ,quintus1 ,johan1    

,secundus1 ,nicholas ,quintus1 c4 popes4
 ,socrates1 ,virgil1 ,horace1 libertino 
parte natus4 #cfeb,the kings of ,denmark
 fetch their pedigree1 as some say1 from
 one ,ulfo1 that was the son of a bear4 
#cfec;,e tenui casa saepe vir magnus    
exit1 many a worthy man comes out of a  
poor cottage4 ,hercules1 ,romulus1      
,alexander 7by ,olympia's confession71  
,themistocles1 ,jugurtha1 ,king ,arthur1
 ,william the ,conqueror1 ,homer1       
,demosthenes1 ,p4 ,lumbard1 ,p4         
,comestor1 ,bartholus1 ,adrian the      
fourth ,pope1 c41 bastards2 and almost  
in every kingdom1 the most ancient      
families have been at first princes'    
bastards3 their worthiest captains1 best
 wits1 greatest scholars1 bravest       
spirits in all our annals1 have been    
base4 #cfed;,cardan1 in his subtleties1 
gives a reason why they are most part   
better able than others in body and     
mind1 and so1 per consequens1 more      
fortunate4 ,castruccius ,castrucanus1 a 
poor child1 found in the field1 exposed 

to misery1 became prince of ,lucca and  
,senes in ,italy1 a most complete       
soldier and worthy captain2 ,machiavel  
compares him to ,scipio or ,alexander4  
,and 'tis a wonderful thing 7#cfee saith
 he7 to him that shall consider of it1  
that all those1 or the greatest part of 
them1 that have done the bravest        
exploits here upon earth1 and excelled  
the rest of the nobles of their time1   
have been still born in some abject1    
obscure place1 or of base and obscure   
abject parents4 ,a most memorable       
observation1 #cfef,scaliger accounts it1
 et non praetereundum1 maximorum virorum
 plerosque patres ignoratos1 matres     
impudicas fuisse4 #cfeg;,i could recite 
a great catalogue of them1 every        
kingdom1 every province will yield      
innumerable examples3 and why then      
should baseness of birth be objected to 
any man8 ,who thinks worse of ,tully for
 being arpinas1 an upstart8 ,or         
,agathocles1 that ,silician king1 for   
being a potter's son8 ,iphicrates and   

,marius were meanly born4 ,what wise man
 thinks better of any person for his    
nobility8 as he said in #cfeh,machiavel1
 omnes eodem patre nati1 ,adam's sons1  
conceived all and born in sin1 c4 ,we   
are by nature all as one1 all alike1 if 
you see us naked2 let us wear theirs and
 they our clothes1 and what is the      
difference8 ,to speak truth1 as         
#cfei;,bale did of ,p4 ,schalichius1 ,i 
more esteem thy worth1 learning1        
honesty1 than thy nobility2 honour thee 
more that thou art a writer1 a doctor of
 divinity1 than ,earl of the ,huns1     
,baron of ,skradine1 or hast title to   
such and such provinces1 c4 ,thou art   
more fortunate and great 7so            
#cffj;,jovius writes to ,cosmo de       
,medici1 then ,duke of ,florence7 for   
thy virtues1 than for thy lovely wife1  
and happy children1 friends1 fortunes1  
or great duchy of ,tuscany4 ,so ,i      
account thee2 and who doth not so       
indeed8 #cffa;,abdolominus was a        
gardener1 and yet by ,alexander for his 

virtues made ,king of ,syria4 ,how much 
better is it to be born of mean         
parentage1 and to excel in worth1 to be 
morally noble1 which is preferred before
 that natural nobility1 by divines1     
philosophers1 and #cffbpoliticians1 to  
be learned1 honest1 discreet1           
well-qualified1 to be fit for any manner
 of employment1 in country and          
commonwealth1 war and peace1 than to be 
,degeneres ,neoptolemi1 as many brave   
nobles are1 only wise because rich1     
otherwise idiots1 illiterate1 unfit for 
any manner of service8 #cffc ,udalricus1
 ,earl of ,cilia1 upbraided ,john       
,huniades with the baseness of his      
birth1 but he replied1 in te ,ciliensis 
comitatus turpiter extinguitur1 in me   
gloriose ,bistricensis exoritur1 thine  
earldom is consumed with riot1 mine     
begins with honour and renown4 ,thou    
hast had so many noble ancestors2 what  
is that to thee8 ,vix ea nostra voco1   
#cffdwhen thou art a dizzard thyself3   
quod prodest1 ,pontice1 longo stemmate  

censeri8 c4 ,i conclude1 hast thou a    
sound body1 and a good soul1 good       
bringing up8 ,art thou virtuous1 honest1
 learned1 well-qualified1 religious1 are
 thy conditions good8--thou art a true  
nobleman1 perfectly noble1 although born
 of ,thersites--dum modo tu             
sis--,aeacidae similis1 non natus1 sed  
factus1 noble ' 1 #cffe;for neither     
sword1 nor fire1 nor water1 nor         
sickness1 nor outward violence1 nor the 
devil himself can take thy good parts   
from thee4 ,be not ashamed of thy birth 
then1 thou art a gentleman all the world
 over1 and shalt be honoured1 when as   
he1 strip him of his fine clothes1      
#cfff;dispossess him of his wealth1 is a
 funge 7which #cffg ,polynices in his   
banishment found true by experience1    
gentry was not esteemed7 like a piece of
 coin in another country1 that no man   
will take1 and shall be contemned4 ,once
 more1 though thou be a barbarian1 born 
at ,tontonteac1 a villain1 a slave1 a   
,saldanian ,negro1 or a rude ,virginian 

in ,dasamonquepec1 he a ,french         
monsieur1 a ,spanish don1 a signor of   
,italy1 ,i care not how descended1 of   
what family1 of what order1 baron1      
count1 prince1 if thou be well          
qualified1 and he not1 but a degenerate 
,neoptolemus1 ,i tell thee in a word1   
thou art a man1 and he is a beast4 ,let 
no terrae filius1 or upstart1 insult at 
this which ,i have said1 no worthy      
gentleman take offence4 ,i speak it not 
to detract from such as are well        
deserving1 truly virtuous and noble3 ,i 
do much respect and honour true gentry  
and nobility2 ,i was born of worshipful 
parents myself1 in an ancient family1   
but ,i am a younger brother1 it concerns
 me not3 or had ,i been some great heir1
 richly endowed1 so minded as ,i am1 ,i 
should not have been elevated at all1   
but so esteemed of it1 as of all other  
human happiness1 honours1 c41 they have 
their period1 are brittle and           
inconstant4 ,as #cffh he said of that   
great river ,danube1 it riseth from a   

small fountain1 a little brook at first1
 sometimes broad1 sometimes narrow1 now 
slow1 then swift1 increased at last to  
an incredible greatness by the          
confluence of sixty navigable rivers1 it
 vanisheth in conclusion1 loseth his    
name1 and is suddenly swallowed up of   
the ,euxine sea3 ,i may say of our      
greatest families1 they were mean at    
first1 augmented by rich marriages1     
purchases1 offices1 they continue for   
some ages1 with some little alteration  
of circumstances1 fortunes1 places1 c41 
by some prodigal son1 for some default1 
or for want of issue they are defaced in
 an instant1 and their memory blotted   
out4 ,so much in the mean time ,i do    
attribute to ,gentility1 that if he be  
well-descended1 of worshipful or noble  
parentage1 he will express it in his    
conditions1 #cffi------nec enim feroces 
,progenerant aquilae columbas4  ,and    
although the nobility of our times be   
much like our coins1 more in number and 
value1 but less in weight and goodness1 

with finer stamps1 cuts1 or outsides    
than of old2 yet if he retain those     
ancient characters of true gentry1 he   
will be more affable1 courteous1 gently 
disposed1 of fairer carriage1 better    
temper1 or a more magnanimous1 heroical1
 and generous spirit1 than that vulgus  
hominum1 those ordinary boors and       
peasants1 qui adeo improbi1 agrestes1 et
 inculti plerumque sunt1 ne dicam       
maliciosi1 ut nemini ullum humanitatis  
officium praestent1 ne ipsi ,deo si     
advenerit1 as #cfgjone observes of them1
 a rude1 brutish1 uncivil1 wild1 a      
currish generation1 cruel and malicious1
 incapable of discipline1 and such as   
have scarce common sense4 ,and it may be
 generally spoken of all1 which #cfga   
,lemnius the physician said of his      
travel into ,england1 the common people 
were silly1 sullen1 dogged clowns1 sed  
mitior nobilitas1 ad omne humanitatis   
officium paratissima1 the gentlemen were
 courteous and civil4 ,if it so fall out
 7as often it doth7 that such peasants  

are preferred by reason of their wealth1
 chance1 error1 c41 or otherwise1 yet as
 the cat in the fable1 when she was     
turned to a fair maid1 would play with  
mice2 a cur will be a cur1 a clown will 
be a clown1 he will likely savour of the
 stock whence he came1 and that innate  
rusticity can hardly be shaken off4     
#cfgb,licet superbus ambulet pecunia1   
,fortuna non mutat genus4  ,and though  
by their education such men may be      
better qualified1 and more refined2 yet 
there be many symptoms by which they may
 likely be descried1 an affected        
fantastical carriage1 a tailor-like     
spruceness1 a peculiar garb in all their
 proceedings2 choicer than ordinary in  
his diet1 and as #cfgc ,hierome well    
describes such a one to his ,nepotian2  
,an upstart born in a base cottage1 that
 scarce at first had coarse bread to    
fill his hungry guts1 must now feed on  
kickshaws and made dishes1 will have all
 variety of flesh and fish1 the best    
oysters1 c4 ,a beggar's brat will be    

commonly more scornful1 imperious1      
insulting1 insolent1 than another man of
 his rank3 ,nothing so intolerable as a 
fortunate fool1 as #cfgd,tully found out
 long since out of his experience2      
,asperius nihil est humili cum surgit in
 altum1 set a beggar on horseback1 and  
he will ride a gallop1 a gallop1 c4     
#cfge------;desaevit in omnes ,dum se   
posse putat1 nec bellua saevior ulla    
est1 ,quam servi rabies in libera colla 
furentis2  he forgets what he was1      
domineers1 c41 and many such other      
symptoms he hath1 by which you may know 
him from a true gentleman4 ,many errors 
and obliquities are on both sides1      
noble1 ignoble1 factis1 natis2 yet still
 in all callings1 as some degenerate1   
some are well deserving1 and most worthy
 of their honours4 ,and as ,busbequius  
said of ,suleiman the ,magnificent1 he  
was tanto dignus imperio1 worthy of that
 great empire4 ,many meanly descended   
are most worthy of their honour1        
politice nobiles1 and well deserve it4  

,many of our nobility so born 7which one
 said of ,hephaestion1 ,ptolemeus1      
,seleucus1 ,antigonus1 c41 and the rest 
of ,alexander's followers1 they were all
 worthy to be monarchs and generals of  
armies7 deserve to be princes4 ,and ,i  
am so far forth of #cfgf,sesellius's    
mind1 that they ought to be preferred   
7if capable7 before others1 as being    
nobly born1 ingenuously brought up1 and 
from their infancy trained to all manner
 of civility4 ,for learning and virtue  
in a nobleman is more eminent1 and1 as a
 jewel set in gold is more precious1 and
 much to be respected1 such a man       
deserves better than others1 and is as  
great an honour to his family as his    
noble family to him4 ,in a word1 many   
noblemen are an ornament to their order3
 many poor men's sons are singularly    
well endowed1 most eminent1 and well    
deserving for their worth1 wisdom1      
learning1 virtue1 valour1 integrity2    
excellent members and pillars of a      
commonwealth4 ,and therefore to conclude

 that which ,i first intended1 to be    
base by birth1 meanly born is no such   
disparagement4 ,et sic demonstratur1    
quod erat demonstrandum4  ,,memb4 ,,iii4
  ,against ,poverty and ,want1 with such
 other ,adversities4  ,one of the       
greatest miseries that can befall a man1
 in the world's esteem1 is poverty or   
want1 which makes men steal1 bear false 
witness1 swear1 forswear1 contend1      
murder and rebel1 which breaketh sleep1 
and causeth death itself4     1 no      
burden 7saith #cfgg,menander7 so        
intolerable as poverty3 it makes men    
desperate1 it erects and dejects1 census
 honores1 census amicitias2 money makes1
 but poverty mars1 c4 and all this in   
the world's esteem3 yet if considered   
aright1 it is a great blessing in       
itself1 a happy estate1 and yields no   
cause of discontent1 or that men should 
therefore account themselves vile1 hated
 of ,god1 forsaken1 miserable1          
unfortunate4 ,christ himself was poor1  
born in a manger1 and had not a house to

 hide his head in all his life1         
#cfghlest any man should make poverty a 
judgment of ,god1 or an odious estate4  
,and as he was himself1 so he informed  
his ,apostles and ,disciples1 they were 
all poor1 ,prophets poor1 ,apostles     
poor1 7,act4 iii4 ,silver and gold have 
,i none47 ,as sorrowing 7saith ,paul7   
and yet always rejoicing2 as having     
nothing1 and yet possessing all things1 
#a ,cor4 vi4 #aj4 ,your great           
,philosophers have been voluntarily     
poor1 not only ,christians1 but many    
others4 ,crates ,thebanus was adored for
 a ,god in ,athens1 #cfgi;a nobleman by 
birth1 many servants he had1 an         
honourable attendance1 much wealth1 many
 manors1 fine apparel2 but when he saw  
this1 that all the wealth of the world  
was but brittle1 uncertain and no whit  
availing to live well1 he flung his     
burden into the sea1 and renounced his  
estate4 ,those ,curii and ,fabricii will
 be ever renowned for contempt of these 
fopperies1 wherewith the world is so    

much affected4 ,amongst ,christians ,i  
could reckon up many kings and queens1  
that have forsaken their crowns and     
fortunes1 and wilfully abdicated        
themselves from these so much esteemed  
toys2 #cfhjmany that have refused       
honours1 titles1 and all this vain pomp 
and happiness1 which others so          
ambitiously seek1 and carefully study to
 compass and attain4 ,riches ,i deny not
 are ,god's good gifts1 and blessings2  
and honor est in honorante1 honours are 
from ,god2 both rewards of virtue1 and  
fit to be sought after1 sued for1 and   
may well be possessed3 yet no such great
 happiness in having1 or misery in      
wanting of them4 ,dantur quidem bonis1  
saith ,austin1 ne quis mala aestimet3   
mails autem ne quis nimis bona1 good men
 have wealth that we should not think1  
it evil2 and bad men that they should   
not rely on or hold it so good2 as the  
rain falls on both sorts1 so are riches 
given to good and bad1 sed bonis in     
bonum1 but they are good only to the    

godly4 ,but #cfha;compare both estates1 
for natural parts they are not unlike2  
and a beggar's child1 as #cfhb;,cardan  
well observes1 is no whit inferior to a 
prince's1 most part better2 and for     
those accidents of fortune1 it will     
easily appear there is no such odds1 no 
such extraordinary happiness in the one1
 or misery in the other4 ,he is rich1   
wealthy1 fat2 what gets he by it8 pride1
 insolency1 lust1 ambition1 cares1      
fears1 suspicion1 trouble1 anger1       
emulation1 and many filthy diseases of  
body and mind4 ,he hath indeed variety  
of dishes1 better fare1 sweet wine1     
pleasant sauce1 dainty music1 gay       
clothes1 lords it bravely out1 c41 and  
all that which ,misillus admired in     
#cfhc,lucian2 but with them he hath the 
gout1 dropsies1 apoplexies1 palsies1    
stone1 pox1 rheums1 catarrhs1 crudities1
 oppilations1 #cfhdmelancholy1 c41 lust 
enters in1 anger1 ambition1 according to
 #cfhe;,chrysostom1 the sequel of riches
 is pride1 riot1 intemperance1          

arrogancy1 fury1 and all irrational     
courses4 #cfhf------turpi fregerunt     
saecula luxu ,divitiae molles------     
with their variety of dishes1 many such 
maladies of body and mind get in1 which 
the poor man knows not of4 ,as ,saturn  
in #cfhg,lucian answered the            
discontented commonalty1 7which because 
of their neglected ,saturnal feasts in  
,rome1 made a grievous complaint and    
exclamation against rich men7 that they 
were much mistaken in supposing such    
happiness in riches2 #cfhhyou see the   
best 7said he7 but you know not their   
several gripings and discontents3 they  
are like painted walls1 fair without1   
rotten within3 diseased1 filthy1 crazy1 
full of intemperance's effects2         
#cfhi;and who can reckon half8 if you   
but knew their fears1 cares1 anguish of 
mind and vexation1 to which they are    
subject1 you would hereafter renounce   
all riches4 #cfij,o si pateant pectora  
divitum1 ,quantos intus sublimis agit   
,fortuna metus8 ,brutia ,coro ,pulsante 

fretum mitior unda est4  ,o that their  
breasts were but conspicuous1 ,how full 
of fear within1 how furious8 ,the narrow
 seas are not so boisterous4  ,yea1 but 
he hath the world at will that is rich1 
the good things of the earth3 suave est 
de magno tollere acervo1 7it is sweet to
 draw from a great heap7 he is a happy  
man1 #cfia;adored like a god1 a prince1 
every man seeks to him1 applauds1       
honours1 admires him4 ,he hath honours  
indeed1 abundance of all things2 but 7as
 ,i said7 withal #cfibpride1 lust1      
anger1 faction1 emulation1 fears1 cares1
 suspicion enter with his wealth2 for   
his intemperance he hath aches1         
crudities1 gouts1 and as fruits of his  
idleness1 and fullness1 lust1 surfeiting
 and drunkenness1 all manner of         
diseases3 pecuniis augetur improbitas1  
the wealthier1 the more dishonest4      
#cfic;,he is exposed to hatred1 envy1   
peril and treason1 fear of death1       
degradation1 c4 'tis lubrica statio et  
proxima praecipitio1 and the higher he  

climbs1 the greater is his fall4        
#cfid------;celsae graviore casu        
,decidunt turres1 feriuntque summos     
,fulgura montes1 the lightning commonly 
sets on fire the highest towers2        
#cfie;in the more eminent place he is1  
the more subject to fall4 ,rumpitur     
innumeris arbos uberrima pomis1 ,et     
subito nimiae praecipitantur opes4  ,as 
a tree that is heavy laden with fruit   
breaks her own boughs1 with their own   
greatness they ruin themselves3 which   
,joachimus ,camerarius hath elegantly   
expressed in his #ac ,emblem cent4 #a4  
,inopem se copia fecit4 ,their means is 
their misery1 though they do apply      
themselves to the times1 to lie1        
dissemble1 collogue and flatter their   
lieges1 obey1 second his will and       
commands as much as may be1 yet too     
frequently they miscarry1 they fat      
themselves like so many hogs1 as        
#cfif;,aeneas ,sylvius observes1 that   
when they are full fed1 they may be     
devoured by their princes1 as ,seneca by

 ,nero was served1 ,sejanus by          
,tiberius1 and ,haman by ,ahasuerus3 ,i 
resolve with ,gregory1 potestas         
culminis1 est tempestas mentis2 et quo  
dignitas altior1 casus gravior1 honour  
is a tempest1 the higher they are       
elevated1 the more grievously depressed4
 ,for the rest of his prerogatives which
 wealth affords1 as he hath more his    
expenses are the greater4 ,when goods   
increase1 they are increased that eat   
them2 and what good cometh to the       
owners1 but the beholding thereof with  
the eyes8 ,eccles4 iv4 #aj4 #cfig,millia
 frumenti tua triverit area centum1 ,non
 tuus hinc capiet venter plus quam      
meus------  an evil sickness1 ,solomon  
calls it1 and reserved to them for an   
evil1 #ab verse4 ,they that will be rich
 fall into many fears and temptations1  
into many foolish and noisome lusts1    
which drown men in perdition4 #a ,tim4  
vi4 #i4 ,gold and silver hath destroyed 
many1 ,ecclus4 viii4 #b4 divitia saeculi
 sunt laquei diaboli3 so writes         

,bernard2 worldly wealth is the devil's 
bait3 and as the ,moon when she is      
fuller of light is still farthest from  
the ,sun1 the more wealth they have1 the
 farther they are commonly from ,god4   
7,if ,i had said this of myself1 rich   
men would have pulled me to pieces2 but 
hear who saith1 and who seconds it1 an  
,apostle7 therefore ,st4 ,james bids    
them weep and howl for the miseries that
 shall come upon them2 their gold shall 
rust and canker1 and eat their flesh as 
fire1 ,james v4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,i may then 
boldly conclude with #cfih,theodoret1   
quotiescunque divitiis affluentem1 c4   
,as often as you shall see a man        
abounding in wealth1 qui gemmis bibit et
 ,serrano dormit in ostro1 and naught   
withal1 ,i beseech you call him not     
happy1 but esteem him unfortunate1      
because he hath many occasions offered  
to live unjustly2 on the other side1 a  
poor man is not miserable1 if he be     
good1 but therefore happy1 that those   
evil occasions are taken from him4      

#cfii,non possidentem multa vocaveris   
,recte beatum2 rectius occupat ,nomen   
beati1 qui deorum ,muneribus sapienter  
uti1 ,duramque callet pauperiem pati1   
,pejusque laetho flagitium timet4  ,he  
is not happy that is rich1 ,and hath the
 world at will1 ,but he that wisely can 
,god's gifts ,possess and use them      
still3 ,that suffers and with patience  
,abides hard poverty1 ,and chooseth     
rather for to die2 ,than do such        
villainy4  ,wherein now consists his    
happiness8 what privileges hath he more 
than other men8 or rather what miseries1
 what cares and discontents hath he not 
more than other men8 #cgjj,non enim     
gazae1 neque consularis ,summovet lictor
 miseros tumultus ,mentis1 et curas     
laqueata circum  ,tecta volantes4   ,nor
 treasures1 nor majors officers remove  
,the miserable tumults of the mind3  ,or
 cares that lie about1 or fly above     
,their high-roofed houses1 with huge    
beams combin'd4  ',tis not his wealth   
can vindicate him1 let him have ,job's  

inventory1 sint ,craesi et ,crassi      
licet1 non hos ,pactolus aureas undas   
agens1 eripiat unquum e miseriis1       
,croesus or rich ,crassus cannot now    
command health1 or get himself a        
stomach4 #cgja;,his worship1 as         
,apuleius describes him1 in all his     
plenty and great provision1 is forbidden
 to eat1 or else hath no appetite1 7sick
 in bed1 can take no rest1 sore grieved 
with some chronic disease1 contracted   
with full diet and ease1 or troubled in 
mind7 when as1 in the meantime1 all his 
household are merry1 and the poorest    
servant that he keeps doth continually  
feast4 ',tis ,bracteata felicitas1 as   
#cgjb ,seneca terms it1 tinfoiled       
happiness1 infelix felicitas1 an unhappy
 kind of happiness1 if it be happiness  
at all4 ,his gold1 guard1 clattering of 
harness1 and fortifications against     
outward enemies1 cannot free him from   
inward fears and cares4 ,reveraque metus
 hominum1 curaeque sequaces ,nec metuunt
 fremitus armorum1 aut ferrea tela1     

,audacterque inter reges1 regumque      
potentes ,versantur1 neque fulgorem     
reverentur ab auro4  ,indeed men still  
attending fears and cares ,nor armours  
clashing1 nor fierce weapons fears3     
,with kings converse they boldly1 and   
kings peers1 ,fearing no flashing that  
from gold appears4  ,look how many      
servants he hath1 and so many enemies he
 suspects2 for liberty he entertains    
ambition2 his pleasures are no          
pleasures2 and that which is worst1 he  
cannot be private or enjoy himself as   
other men do1 his state is a servitude4 
#cgjc;,a countryman may travel from     
kingdom to kingdom1 province to         
province1 city to city1 and glut his    
eyes with delightful objects1 hawk1     
hunt1 and use those ordinary disports1  
without any notice taken1 all which a   
prince or a great man cannot do4 ,he    
keeps in for state1 ne majestatis       
dignitas evilescat1 as our ,china kings1
 of ,borneo1 and ,tartarian ,chams1     
those aurea mancipia1 are said to do1   

seldom or never seen abroad1 ut major   
sit hominum erga se observantia1 which  
the #cgjd,persian kings so precisely    
observed of old4 ,a poor man takes more 
delight in an ordinary meal's meat1     
which he hath but seldom1 than they do  
with all their exotic dainties and      
continual viands2 ,quippe voluptatem    
commendat rarior usus1 'tis the rarity  
and necessity that makes a thing        
acceptable and pleasant4 ,darius1 put to
 flight by ,alexander1 drank puddle     
water to quench his thirst1 and it was  
pleasanter1 he swore1 than any wine or  
mead4 ,all excess1 as#cgje;,epictetus   
argues1 will cause a dislike2 sweet will
 be sour1 which made that temperate     
,epicurus sometimes voluntarily fast4   
,but they being always accustomed to the
 same#cgjf;dishes1 7which are nastily   
dressed by slovenly cooks1 that after   
their obscenities never wash their bawdy
 hands7 be they fish1 flesh1 compounded1
 made dishes1 or whatsoever else1 are   
therefore cloyed2 nectar's self grows   

loathsome to them1 they are weary of all
 their fine palaces1 they are to them   
but as so many prisons4 ,a poor man     
drinks in a wooden dish1 and eats his   
meat in wooden spoons1 wooden platters1 
earthen vessels1 and such homely stuff3 
the other in gold1 silver1 and precious 
stones2 but with what success8 in auro  
bibitur venenum1 fear of poison in the  
one1 security in the other4 ,a poor man 
is able to write1 to speak his mind1 to 
do his own business himself2 locuples   
mittit parasitum1 saith                 
#cgjg,philostratus1 a rich man employs a
 parasite1 and as the major of a city1  
speaks by the town clerk1 or by ,mr4    
,recorder1 when he cannot express       
himself4 #cgjh,nonius the senator hath a
 purple coat as stiff with jewels as his
 mind is full of vices2 rings on his    
fingers worth #bj1jjj sesterces1 and    
as#cgji,perox the ,persian king1 an     
union in his ear worth one hundred      
pounds weight of gold3#cgaj;,cleopatra  
hath whole boars and sheep served up to 

her table at once1 drinks jewels        
dissolved1 #dj1jjj sesterces in value2  
but to what end8 #cgaa,num tibi cum     
fauces urit sitis1 aurea quaeris        
,pocula8------  ,doth a man that is adry
 desire to drink in gold8 ,doth not a   
cloth suit become him as well1 and keep 
him as warm1 as all their silks1 satins1
 damasks1 taffeties and tissues8 ,is not
 homespun cloth as great a preservative 
against cold1 as a coat of ,tartar      
lamb's-wool1 died in grain1 or a gown of
 giant's beards8 ,nero1                 
saith#cgab,sueton41 never put on one    
garment twice1 and thou hast scarce one 
to put on8 what's the difference8 one's 
sick1 the other sound3 such is the whole
 tenor of their lives1 and that which is
 the consummation and upshot of all1    
death itself makes the greatest         
difference4 ,one like a hen feeds on the
 dunghill all his days1 but is served up
 at last to his ,lord's table2 the other
 as a falcon is fed with partridge and  
pigeons1 and carried on his master's    

fist1 but when he dies is flung to the  
muck-hill1 and there lies4 ,the rich man
 lives like ,dives jovially here on     
earth1 temulentus divitiis1 make the    
best of it2 and boasts himself in the   
multitude of his riches1 ,psalm xlix4   
#f4 #aa4 he thinks his house called     
after his own name1 shall continue for  
ever2 but he perisheth like a beast1    
verse #bj4 his way utters his folly1    
verse #ac4 male parta1 male dilabuntur2 
like sheep they lie in the grave1 verse 
#ad4 ,puncto descendunt ad infernum1    
they spend their days in wealth1 and go 
suddenly down to hell1 ,job xxi4 #ac4   
,for all physicians and medicines       
enforcing nature1 a swooning wife1      
families' complaints1 friends' tears1   
dirges1 masses1 naenias1 funerals1 for  
all orations1 counterfeit hired         
acclamations1 eulogiums1 epitaphs1      
hearses1 heralds1 black mourners1       
solemnities1 obelisks1 and ,mausolean   
tombs1 if he have them1 at              
least1#cgac;he1 like a hog1 goes to hell

 with a guilty conscience 7propter hos  
dilatavit infernos os suum71 and a poor 
man's curse2 his memory stinks like the 
snuff of a candle when it is put out2   
scurrilous libels1 and infamous         
obloquies accompany him4 ,when as poor  
,lazarus is ,dei sacrarium1 the temple  
of ,god1 lives and dies in true         
devotion1 hath no more attendants1 but  
his own innocency1 the heaven a tomb1   
desires to be dissolved1 buried in his  
mother's lap1 and hath a company        
of#cgad;,angels ready to convey his soul
 into ,abraham's bosom1 he leaves an    
everlasting and a sweet memory behind   
him4 ,crassus and ,sylla are indeed     
still recorded1 but not so much for     
their wealth as for their victories3    
,croesus for his end1 ,solomon for his  
wisdom4 ,in a word1#cgaeto get wealth is
 a great trouble1 anxiety to keep1 grief
 to lose it4 #cgaf,quid dignum stolidis 
mentibus imprecer8 ,opes1 honores       
ambiant3 ,et cum falsa gravi mole       
paraverint1 ,tum vera cognoscant bona4  

,but consider all those other unknown1  
concealed happinesses1 which a poor man 
hath 7,i call them unknown1 because they
 be not acknowledged in the world's     
esteem1 or so taken7 ,o fortunatos      
nimium bona si sua norint3 happy they   
are in the meantime if they would take  
notice of it1 make use1 or apply it to  
themselves4 ,a poor man wise is better  
than a foolish king1 ,eccles4 ii4 #ac4  
#cgag,poverty is the way to heaven1     
#cgahthe mistress of philosophy1        
#cgaithe mother of religion1 virtue1    
sobriety1 sister of innocency1 and an   
upright mind4 ,how many such encomiums  
might ,i add out of the fathers1        
philosophers1 orators8 ,it troubles many
 that are poor1 they account of it as a 
great plague1 curse1 a sign of ,god's   
hatred1 ipsum scelus1 damned villainy   
itself1 a disgrace1 shame and reproach2 
but to whom1 or why8 #cgbj;,if fortune  
hath envied me wealth1 thieves have     
robbed me1 my father have not left me   
such revenues as others have1 that ,i am

 a younger brother1 basely born1--cui   
sine luce genus1 surdumque              
parentum--nomen1 of mean parentage1 a   
dirt-dauber's son1 am ,i therefore to be
 blamed8 an eagle1 a bull1 a lion is not
 rejected for his poverty1 and why      
should a man8 ',tis #cgba;fortunae      
telum1 non culpae1 fortune's fault1 not 
mine4 ,good ,sir1 ,i am a servant1 7to  
use #cgbb,seneca's words7 howsoever your
 poor friend2 a servant1 and yet your   
chamber-fellow1 and if you consider     
better of it1 your fellow-servant4 ,i am
 thy drudge in the world's eyes1 yet in 
,god's sight peradventure thy better1 my
 soul is more precious1 and ,i dearer   
unto him4 ,etiam servi diis curae sunt1 
as ,evangelus at large proves in        
,macrobius1 the meanest servant is most 
precious in his sight4 ,thou art an     
epicure1 ,i am a good ,christian2 thou  
art many parasangs before me in means1  
favour1 wealth1 honour1 ,claudius's     
,narcissus1 ,nero's ,massa1 ,domitian's 
,parthenius1 a favourite1 a golden      

slave2 thou coverest thy floors with    
marble1 thy roofs with gold1 thy walls  
with statues1 fine pictures1 curious    
hangings1 c41 what of all this8 calcas  
opes1 c41 what's all this to true       
happiness8 ,i live and breathe under    
that glorious heaven1 that august       
capitol of nature1 enjoy the brightness 
of stars1 that clear light of sun and   
moon1 those infinite creatures1 plants1 
birds1 beasts1 fishes1 herbs1 all that  
sea and land afford1 far surpassing all 
that art and opulentia can give4 ,i am  
free1 and which #cgbc,seneca said of    
,rome1 culmen liberos texit1 sub marmore
 et auro postea servitus habitavit1 thou
 hast ,amaltheae cornu1 plenty1         
pleasure1 the world at will1 ,i am      
despicable and poor2 but a word         
overshot1 a blow in choler1 a game at   
tables1 a loss at sea1 a sudden fire1   
the prince's dislike1 a little sickness1
 c41 may make us equal in an instant2   
howsoever take thy time1 triumph and    
insult awhile1 cinis aequat1 as         

#cgbd;,alphonsus said1 death will       
equalise us all at last4 ,i live        
sparingly1 in the mean time1 am clad    
homely1 fare hardly2 is this a reproach8
 am ,i the worse for it8 am ,i          
contemptible for it8 am ,i to be        
reprehended8 ,a learned man in #cgbe    
,nevisanus was taken down for sitting   
amongst gentlemen1 but he replied1 my   
nobility is about the head1 yours       
declines to the tail1 and they were     
silent4 ,let them mock1 scoff and       
revile1 'tis not thy scorn1 but his that
 made thee so2 he that mocketh the poor1
 reproacheth him that made him1 ,prov4  
xi4 #e4 and he that rejoiceth at        
affliction1 shall not be unpunished4    
,for the rest1 the poorer thou art1 the 
happier thou art1 ditior est1 at non    
melior1 saith #cgbf;,epictetus1 he is   
richer1 not better than thou art1 not so
 free from lust1 envy1 hatred1 ambition4
 ,beatus ille qui procul negotiis       
,paterna rura bobus exercet suis4       
,happy he1 in that he is #cgbg;freed    

from the tumults of the world1 he seeks 
no honours1 gapes after no preferment1  
flatters not1 envies not1 temporiseth   
not1 but lives privately1 and well      
contented with his estate2 ,nec spes    
corde avidas1 nec curam pascit inanem   
,securus quo fata cadant4  ,he is not   
troubled with state matters1 whether    
kingdoms thrive better by succession or 
election2 whether monarchies should be  
mixed1 temperate1 or absolute2 the house
 of ,ottomans and ,austria is all one to
 him2 he inquires not after colonies or 
new discoveries2 whether ,peter were at 
,rome1 or ,constantine's donation be of 
force2 what comets or new stars signify1
 whether the earth stand or move1 there 
be a new world in the moon1 or infinite 
worlds1 c4 ,he is not touched with fear 
of invasions1 factions or emulations2   
#cgbh;,felix ille animi1 divisque       
simillimus ipsis1 ,quem non mordaci     
resplendens gloria fuco ,solicitat1 non 
fastosi mala gaudia luxus1 ,sed tacitos 
sinit ire dies1 et paupere cultu #cgbi  

,exigit innocuae tranquilla silentia    
vitae4  ,a happy soul1 and like to ,god 
himself1 ,whom not vain glory macerates 
or strife4 ,or wicked joys of that proud
 swelling pelf1 ,but leads a still1     
poor1 and contented life4  ,a secure1   
quiet1 blissful state he hath1 if he    
could acknowledge it4 ,but here is the  
misery1 that he will not take notice of 
it2 he repines at rich men's wealth1    
brave hangings1 dainty fare1 as         
#cgcj,simonides objected to ,hieron1 he 
hath all the pleasures of the world1    
#cgca;in lectis eburneis dormit1 vinum  
phialis bibit1 optimis unguentis        
delibuitur1 he knows not the affliction 
of ,joseph1 stretching himself on ivory 
beds1 and singing to the sound of the   
viol4 ,and it troubles him that he hath 
not the like3 there is a difference 7he 
grumbles7 between ,laplolly and         
,pheasants1 to tumble i' th' straw and  
lie in a down bed1 betwixt wine and     
water1 a cottage and a palace4 ,he hates
 nature 7as #cgcb,pliny characterised   

him7 that she hath made him lower than a
 god1 and is angry with the gods that   
any man goes before him2 and although he
 hath received much1 yet 7as            
#cgcc,seneca follows it7 he thinks it an
 injury that he hath no more1 and is so 
far from giving thanks for his          
tribuneship1 that he complains he is not
 praetor1 neither doth that please him1 
except he may be consul4 ,why is he not 
a prince1 why not a monarch1 why not an 
emperor8 ,why should one man have so    
much more than his fellows1 one have    
all1 another nothing8 ,why should one   
man be a slave or drudge to another8    
,one surfeit1 another starve1 one live  
at ease1 another labour1 without any    
hope of better fortune8 ,thus they      
grumble1 mutter1 and repine3 not        
considering that inconstancy of human   
affairs1 judicially conferring one      
condition with another1 or well weighing
 their own present estate4 ,what they   
are now1 thou mayst shortly be2 and what
 thou art they shall likely be4 ,expect 

a little1 compare future and times past 
with the present1 see the event1 and    
comfort thyself with it4 ,it is as well 
to be discerned in commonwealths1       
cities1 families1 as in private men's   
estates4 ,italy was once lord of the    
world1 ,rome the queen of cities1       
vaunted herself of two #cgcdmyriads of  
inhabitants2 now that all-commanding    
country is possessed by petty princes1  
#cgce,rome a small village in respect4  
,greece of old the seat of civility1    
mother of sciences and humanity2 now    
forlorn1 the nurse of barbarism1 a den  
of thieves4 ,germany then1 saith        
,tacitus1 was incult and horrid1 now    
full of magnificent cities3 ,athens1    
,corinth1 ,carthage1 how flourishing    
cities1 now buried in their own ruins6  
,corvorum1 ferarum1 aprorum et bestiarum
 lustra1 like so many wildernesses1 a   
receptacle of wild beasts4 ,venice a    
poor fisher-town2 ,paris1 ,london1 small
 cottages in ,caesar's time1 now most   
noble emporiums4 ,valois1 ,plantagenet1 

and ,scaliger how fortunate families1   
how likely to continue6 now quite       
extinguished and rooted out4 ,he stands 
aloft today1 full of favour1 wealth1    
honour1 and prosperity1 in the top of   
fortune's wheel3 tomorrow in prison1    
worse than nothing1 his son's a beggar4 
,thou art a poor servile drudge1 ,foex  
populi1 a very slave1 thy son may come  
to be a prince1 with ,maximinus1        
,agathocles1 c4 a senator1 a general of 
an army2 thou standest bare to him now1 
workest for him1 drudgest for him and   
his1 takest an alms of him3 stay but a  
little1 and his next heir peradventure  
shall consume all with riot1 be         
degraded1 thou exalted1 and he shall beg
 of thee4 ,thou shalt be his most       
honourable patron1 he thy devout        
servant1 his posterity shall run1 ride1 
and do as much for thine1 as it was with
 #cgcf;,frisgobald and ,cromwell1 it may
 be for thee4 ,citizens devour country  
gentlemen1 and settle in their seats2   
after two or three descents1 they       

consume all in riot1 it returns to the  
city again4 #cgcg------,novus incola    
venit2 ,nam propriae telluris herum     
natura1 neque illum4 ,nec me1 nec       
quenquam statuit2 nos expulit ille3     
,illum aut nequities1 aut vafri inscitia
 juris4  ------have we liv'd at a more  
frugal rate1 ,since this new stranger   
seiz'd on our estate8 ,nature will no   
perpetual heir assign1 ,or make the farm
 his property or mine4 ,he turn'd us    
out3 but follies all his own1 ,or       
lawsuits and their knaveries yet        
unknown1 ,or1 all his follies and his   
lawsuits past1 ,some long-liv'd heir    
shall turn him out at last4  ,a lawyer  
buys out his poor client1 after a while 
his client's posterity buy out him and  
his2 so things go round1 ebb and flow4  
,nunc ager ,umbreni sub nomine1 nuper   
,ofelli ,dictus erat1 nulli proprius1   
sed cedit in usum ,nunc mihi1 nunc      
aliis2------  ,the farm1 once mine1 now 
bears ,umbrenus' name2 ,the use alone1  
not property1 we claim2 ,then be not    

with your present lot depressed1 ,and   
meet the future with undaunted breast2  
as he said then1 ager cujus1 quot habes 
,dominos8 ,so say ,i of land1 houses1   
movables and money1 mine today1 his     
anon1 whose tomorrow8 ,in fine1 7as     
#cgch,machiavel observes7 virtue and    
prosperity beget rest2 rest idleness2   
idleness riot2 riot destruction from    
which we come again to good laws2 good  
laws engender virtuous actions2 virtue1 
glory1 and prosperity2 and 'tis no      
dishonour then 7as ,guicciardine adds7  
for a flourishing man1 city1 or state to
 come to ruin1 #cgcinor infelicity to be
 subject to the law of nature4 ,ergo    
terrena calcanda1 sitienda coelestia1   
7therefore ,i say7 scorn this transitory
 state1 look up to heaven1 think not    
what others are1 but what thou art3     
#cgdj,qua parte locatus es in re3 and   
what thou shalt be1 what thou mayst be4 
,do 7,i say7 as ,christ himself did1    
when he lived here on earth1 imitate him
 as much as in thee lies4 ,how many     

great ,caesars1 mighty monarchs1        
tetrarchs1 dynasties1 princes lived in  
his days1 in what plenty1 what delicacy1
 how bravely attended1 what a deal of   
gold and silver1 what treasure1 how many
 sumptuous palaces had they1 what       
provinces and cities1 ample territories1
 fields1 rivers1 fountains1 parks1      
forests1 lawns1 woods1 cells1 c48 ,yet  
,christ had none of all this1 he would  
have none of this1 he voluntarily       
rejected all this1 he could not be      
ignorant1 he could not err in his       
choice1 he contemned all this1 he chose 
that which was safer1 better1 and more  
certain1 and less to be repented1 a mean
 estate1 even poverty itself2 and why   
dost thou then doubt to follow him1 to  
imitate him1 and his apostles1 to       
imitate all good men3 so do thou tread  
in his divine steps1 and thou shalt not 
err eternally1 as too many worldlings   
do1 that run on in their own dissolute  
courses1 to their confusion and ruin1   
thou shalt not do amiss4 ,whatsoever thy

 fortune is1 be contented with it1 trust
 in him1 rely on him1 refer thyself     
wholly to him4 ,for know this1 in       
conclusion1 ,non est volentis nec       
currentis1 sed miserentis ,dei1 'tis not
 as men1 but as ,god will4 ,the ,lord   
maketh poor and maketh rich1 bringeth   
low1 and exalteth 7#a ,sam4 ii4 ver4 #g4
 #h71 he lifteth the poor from the dust1
 and raiseth the beggar from the        
dunghill1 to set them amongst princes1  
and make them inherit the seat of glory2
 'tis all as he pleaseth1 how1 and when1
 and whom2 he that appoints the end     
7though to us unknown7 appoints the     
means likewise subordinate to the end4  
,yea1 but their present estate crucifies
 and torments most mortal men1 they have
 no such forecast1 to see what may be1  
what shall likely be1 but what is1      
though not wherefore1 or from whom1 hoc 
anget1 their present misfortunes grind  
their souls1 and an envious eye which   
they cast upon other men's prosperities1
 ,vicinumque pecus grandius uber habet1 

how rich1 how fortunate1 how happy is   
he8 ,but in the meantime he doth not    
consider the other miseries1 his        
infirmities of body and mind1 that      
accompany his estate1 but still reflects
 upon his own false conceived woes and  
wants1 whereas if the matter were duly  
examined1 #cgda;he is in no distress at 
all1 he hath no cause to complain4      
#cgdb------tolle querelas1 ,pauper enim 
non est cui rerum suppetit usus1  ,then 
cease complaining1 friend1 and learn to 
live4 ,he is not poor to whom kind      
fortune grants1 ,even with a frugal     
hand1 what ,nature wants4  he is not    
poor1 he is not in need4 #cgdc,nature is
 content with bread and water2 and he   
that can rest satisfied with that1 may  
contend with ,jupiter himself for       
happiness4 ,in that golden age1         
#cgddsomnos dedit umbra salubres1 potum 
quoque lubricus amnis1 the tree gave    
wholesome shade to sleep under1 and the 
clear rivers drink4 ,the ,israelites    
drank water in the wilderness2 ,samson1 

,david1 ,saul1 ,abraham's servant when  
he went for ,isaac's wife1 the          
,samaritan woman1 and how many besides  
might ,i reckon up1 ,egypt1 ,palestine1 
whole countries in the #cgde;,indies1   
that drank pure water all their lives4  
#cgdf,the ,persian kings themselves     
drank no other drink than the water of  
,chaospis1 that runs by ,susa1 which was
 carried in bottles after them1         
whithersoever they went4 ,jacob desired 
no more of ,god1 but bread to eat1 and  
clothes to put on in his journey1 ,gen4 
xxviii4 #bj4 ,bene est cui deus obtulit 
,parca quod satis est manu2 bread is    
enough #cgdgto strengthen the heart4    
,and if you study philosophy aright1    
saith #cgdh ,maudarensis1 whatsoever is 
beyond this moderation1 is not useful1  
but troublesome4 #cgdi;,agellius1 out of
 ,euripides1 accounts bread and water   
enough to satisfy nature1 of which there
 is no surfeit1 the rest is not a feast1
 but a riot4 #cgej,s4 ,hierome esteems  
him rich that hath bread to eat1 and a  

potent man that is not compelled to be a
 slave2 hunger is not ambitious1 so that
 it have to eat1 and thirst doth not    
prefer a cup of gold4 ,it was no        
epicurean speech of an epicure1 he that 
is not satisfied with a little will     
never have enough3 and very good counsel
 of him in the #cgeapoet1 ,o my son1    
mediocrity of means agrees best with    
men2 too much is pernicious4 ,divitiae  
grandes homini sunt vivere parce1 ,aequo
 animo4------  ,and if thou canst be    
content1 thou hast abundance1 nihil est1
 nihil deest1 thou hast little1 thou    
wantest nothing4 ',tis all one to be    
hanged in a chain of gold1 or in a rope2
 to be filled with dainties or coarser  
meat4 #cgeb,si ventri bene1 si lateri1  
pedibusque tuis1 nil ,divitiae poterunt 
regales addere majus4  ,if belly1 sides 
and feet be well at ease1 ,a prince's   
treasure can thee no more please4       
,socrates in a fair1 seeing so many     
things bought and sold1 such a multitude
 of people convented to that purpose1   

exclaimed forthwith1 ,o ye gods what a  
sight of things do not ,i want8 ',tis   
thy want alone that keeps thee in health
 of body and mind1 and that which thou  
persecutest and abhorrest as a feral    
plague is thy physician and             
#cgec;chiefest friend1 which makes thee 
a good man1 a healthful1 a sound1 a     
virtuous1 an honest and happy man4 ,for 
when virtue came from heaven 7as the    
poet feigns7 rich men kicked her up1    
wicked men abhorred her1 courtiers      
scoffed at her1 citizens hated her1     
#cged;and that she was thrust out of    
doors in every place1 she came at last  
to her sister ,poverty1 where she had   
found good entertainment4 ,poverty and  
,virtue dwell together4 #cgee------,o   
vitae tuta facultas ,pauperis1          
angustique lares1 o munera nondum       
,intellecta deum4  ,how happy art thou  
if thou couldst be content4 ,godliness  
is a great gain1 if a man can be content
 with that which he hath1 #a ,tim4 vi4  
#f4 ,and all true happiness is in a mean

 estate4 ,i have a little wealth1 as he 
said1 #cgefsed quas animus magnas facit1
 a kingdom in conceit2 #cgeg------nil   
amplius opto ,maia nate1 nisi ut propria
 haec mihi munera faxis2  ,i have enough
 and desire no more4 #cgeh;,dii bene    
fecerunt inopis me quodque pusilli      
,fecerunt animi------  'tis very well1  
and to my content4 #cgei,vestem et      
fortunam concinnam potius quam laxam    
probo1 let my fortune and my garments be
 both alike fit for me4 ,and which      
#cgfj,sebastian ,foscarinus1 sometime   
,duke of ,venice1 caused to be engraven 
on his tomb in ,st4 ,mark's ,church1    
,hear1 ,o ye ,venetians1 and ,i will    
tell you which is the best thing in the 
world3 to contemn it4 ,i will engrave it
 in my heart1 it shall be my whole study
 to contemn it4 ,let them take wealth1  
,stercora stercus amet so that ,i may   
have security3 bene qui latuit1 bene    
vixit2 though ,i live obscure1 #cgfa yet
 ,i live clean and honest2 and when as  
the lofty oak is blown down1 the silky  

reed may stand4 ,let them take glory1   
for that's their misery2 let them take  
honour1 so that ,i may have heart's     
ease4 ,duc me ,o ,jupiter et tu fatum1  
#cgfb;c4 ,lead me1 ,o ,god1 whither thou
 wilt1 ,i am ready to follow2 command1  
,i will obey4 ,i do not envy at their   
wealth1 titles1 offices2 #cgfc,stet     
quicunque volet potens ,aulae culmine   
lubrico1 ,me dulcis saturet quies4  let 
me live quiet and at ease4 #cgfd;,erimus
 fortasse 7as he comforted himself7     
quando illi non erunt1 when they are    
dead and gone1 and all their pomp       
vanished1 our memory may flourish3      
#cgfe------;dant perennes ,stemmata non 
peritura ,musae4  ,let him be my lord1  
patron1 baron1 earl1 and possess so many
 goodly castles1 'tis well for me       
#cgffthat ,i have a poor house1 and a   
little wood1 and a well by it1 c4 ,his  
me consolor victurum suavius1 ac si     
,quaestor avus pater atque meus1        
patruusque fuissent4  ,with which ,i    
feel myself more truly blest ,than if my

 sires the quaestor's power possess'd4  
,i live1 ,i thank ,god1 as merrily as   
he1 and triumph as much in this my mean 
estate1 as if my father and uncle had   
been lord treasurer1 or my lord mayor4  
,he feeds of many dishes1 ,i of one3    
#cgfgqui ,christum curat1 non multum    
curat quam de preciosis cibis stercus   
conficiat1 what care ,i of what stuff my
 excrements be made8 #cgfh;,he that     
lives according to nature cannot be     
poor1 and he that exceeds can never have
 enough1 totus non sufficit orbis1 the  
whole world cannot give him content4 ,a 
small thing that the righteous hath1 is 
better than the riches of the ungodly1  
,psal4 xxxvii4 #ai2 and better is a poor
 morsel with quietness1 than abundance  
with strife1 ,prov4 xvii4 #g4 ,be       
content then1 enjoy thyself1 and as     
#cgfi ,chrysostom adviseth1 be not angry
 for what thou hast not1 but give ,god  
hearty thanks for what thou hast        
received4 #cggj,si dat oluscula  ,mensa 
minuscula pace referta1  ,ne pete       

grandia1  ,lautaque prandia lite        
repleta4  ,but what wantest thou1 to    
expostulate the matter8 or what hast    
thou not better than a rich man8        
#cgga;health1 competent wealth1         
children1 security1 sleep1 friends1     
liberty1 diet1 apparel1 and what not1 or
 at least mayst have 7the means being so
 obvious1 easy1 and well known7 for as  
he inculcated to himself1 #cggb,vitam   
quae faciunt beatiorem1 ,jucundissime   
,martialis1 haec sunt2 ,res non parta   
labore1 sed relicta1 ,lis nunquam1 c4   
,i say again thou hast1 or at least     
mayst have it1 if thou wilt thyself1 and
 that which ,i am sure he wants1 a merry
 heart4 ,passing by a village in the    
territory of ,milan1 saith #cggc,st4    
,austin1 ,i saw a poor beggar that had  
got belike his bellyful of meat1 jesting
 and merry2 ,i sighed1 and said to some 
of my friends that were then with me1   
what a deal of trouble1 madness1 pain   
and grief do we sustain and exaggerate  
unto ourselves1 to get that secure      

happiness which this poor beggar hath   
prevented us of1 and which we           
peradventure shall never have8 ,for that
 which he hath now attained with the    
begging of some small pieces of silver1 
a temporal happiness1 and present       
heart's ease1 ,i cannot compass with all
 my careful windings1 and running in and
 out1 #cggd;,and surely the beggar was  
very merry1 but ,i was heavy2 he was    
secure1 but ,i timorous4 ,and if any man
 should ask me now1 whether ,i had      
rather be merry1 or still so solicitous 
and sad1 ,i should say1 merry4 ,if he   
should ask me again1 whether ,i had     
rather be as ,i am1 or as this beggar   
was1 ,i should sure choose to be as ,i  
am1 tortured still with cares and fears2
 but out of peevishness1 and not out of 
truth4 ,that which ,st4 ,austin said of 
himself here in this place1 ,i may truly
 say to thee1 thou discontented wretch1 
thou covetous niggard1 thou churl1 thou 
ambitious and swelling toad1 'tis not   
want but peevishness which is the cause 

of thy woes2 settle thine affection1    
thou hast enough4 #cgge;,denique sit    
finis quaerendi1 quoque habeas plus1    
,pauperiem metuas minus1 et finire      
laborem ,incipias2 parto1 quod avebas1  
utere4  ,make an end of scraping1       
purchasing this manor1 this field1 that 
house1 for this and that child2 thou    
hast enough for thyself and them3       
#cggf------,quod petis hic est1 ,est    
,ulubris1 animus si te non deficit      
aequus4  ',tis at hand1 at home already1
 which thou so earnestly seekest4 ,but  
------,o si angulus ille ,proximus      
accedat1 qui nunc denormat agellum1  ,o 
that ,i had but that one nook of ground1
 that field there1 that pasture1 ,o si  
venam argenti fors quis mihi monstret--4
 ,o that ,i could but find a pot of     
money now1 to purchase1 c41 to build me 
a new house1 to marry my daughter1 place
 my son1 c4 #cggg,o if ,i might but live
 a while longer to see all things       
settled1 some two or three years1 ,i    
would pay my debts1 make all my         

reckonings even3 but they are come and  
past1 and thou hast more business than  
before4 ,o madness1 to think to settle  
that in thine old age when thou hast    
more1 which in thy youth thou canst not 
now compose having but a little4        
#cggh,pyrrhus would first conquer       
,africa1 and then ,asia1 et tum suaviter
 agere1 and then live merrily and take  
his ease3 but when ,cyneas the orator   
told him he might do that already1 id   
jam posse fieri1 rested satisfied1      
condemning his own folly4 ,si parva     
licet componere magnis1 thou mayst do   
the like1 and therefore be composed in  
thy fortune4 ,thou hast enough3 he that 
is wet in a bath1 can be no more wet if 
he be flung into ,tiber1 or into the    
ocean itself3 and if thou hadst all the 
world1 or a solid mass of gold as big as
 the world1 thou canst not have more    
than enough2 enjoy thyself at length1   
and that which thou hast2 the mind is   
all2 be content1 thou art not poor1 but 
rich1 and so much the richer as         

#cggi;,censorinus well writ to          
,cerellius1 quanto pauciora optas1 non  
quo plura possides1 in wishing less1 not
 having more4 ,i say then1 ,non adjice  
opes1 sed minue cupiditates 7'tis       
#cghj;,epicurus' advice71 add no more   
wealth1 but diminish thy desires2 and as
 #cgha;,chrysostom well seconds him1 ,si
 vis ditari1 contemne divitias2 that's  
true plenty1 not to have1 but not to    
want riches1 non habere1 sed non        
indigere1 vera abundantia3 'tis more    
glory to contemn1 than to possess2 et   
nihil agere1 est deorum1 and to want    
nothing is divine4 ,how many deaf1 dumb1
 halt1 lame1 blind1 miserable persons   
could ,i reckon up that are poor1 and   
withal distressed1 in imprisonment1     
banishment1 galley slaves1 condemned to 
the mines1 quarries1 to gyves1 in       
dungeons1 perpetual thraldom1 than all  
which thou art richer1 thou art more    
happy1 to whom thou art able to give an 
alms1 a lord1 in respect1 a petty       
prince3 #cghb;be contented then ,i say1 

repine and mutter no more1 for thou art 
not poor indeed but in opinion4 ,yea1   
but this is very good counsel1 and      
rightly applied to such as have it1 and 
will not use it1 that have a competency1
 that are able to work and get their    
living by the sweat of their brows1 by  
their trade1 that have something yet2 he
 that hath birds1 may catch birds2 but  
what shall we do that are slaves by     
nature1 impotent1 and unable to help    
ourselves1 mere beggars1 that languish  
and pine away1 that have no means at    
all1 no hope of means1 no trust of      
delivery1 or of better success8 as those
 old ,britons complained to their lords 
and masters the ,romans oppressed by the
 ,picts4 mare ad barbaros1 barbari ad   
mare1 the barbarians drove them to the  
sea1 the sea drove them back to the     
barbarians3 our present misery compels  
us to cry out and howl1 to make our moan
 to rich men3 they turn us back with a  
scornful answer to our misfortune again1
 and will take no pity of us2 they      

commonly overlook their poor friends in 
adversity2 if they chance to meet them1 
they voluntarily forget and will take no
 notice of them2 they will not1 they    
cannot help us4 ,instead of comfort they
 threaten us1 miscall1 scoff at us1 to  
aggravate our misery1 give us bad       
language1 or if they do give good words1
 what's that to relieve us8 ,according  
to that of ,thales1 ,facile est alios   
monere2 who cannot give good counsel8   
'tis cheap1 it costs them nothing4 ,it  
is an easy matter when one's belly is   
full to declaim against fasting1 ,qui   
satur est pleno laudat jejunia ventre2  
,doth the wild ass bray when he hath    
grass1 or loweth the ox when he hath    
fodder8 ,job vi4 #e4 #cghc,neque enim   
populo ,romano quidquam potest esse     
laetius1 no man living so jocund1 so    
merry as the people of ,rome when they  
had plenty2 but when they came to want1 
to be hunger-starved1 neither shame1 nor
 laws1 nor arms1 nor magistrates could  
keep them in obedience4 ,seneca pleadeth

 hard for poverty1 and so did those lazy
 philosophers3 but in the meantime      
#cghd;he was rich1 they had wherewithal 
to maintain themselves2 but doth any    
poor man extol it8 ,there are those     
7saith #cghe ,bernard7 that approve of a
 mean estate1 but on that condition they
 never want themselves3 and some again  
are meek so long as they may say or do  
what they list2 but if occasion be      
offered1 how far are they from all      
patience8 ,i would to ,god 7as he said7 
#cghf,no man should commend poverty1 but
 he that is poor1 or he that so much    
admires it1 would relieve1 help1 or ease
 others4 #cghg,nunc si nos audis1 atque 
es divinus ,apollo1 ,dic mihi1 qui      
nummos non habet1 unde petat3  ,now if  
thou hear'st us1 and art a good man1    
,tell him that wants1 to get means1 if  
you can4  ,but no man hears us1 we are  
most miserably dejected1 the scum of the
 world4 #cghh,vix habet in nobis jam    
nova plaga locum4 ,we can get no relief1
 no comfort1 no succour1 #cghi;,et nihil

 inveni quod mihi ferret opem4 ,we have 
tried all means1 yet find no remedy3 no 
man living can express the anguish and  
bitterness of our souls1 but we that    
endure it2 we are distressed1 forsaken1 
in torture of body and mind1 in another 
hell3 and what shall we do8 ,when       
#cgij;,crassus the ,roman consul warred 
against the ,parthians1 after an unlucky
 battle fought1 he fled away in the     
night1 and left four thousand men1 sore1
 sick1 and wounded in his tents1 to the 
fury of the enemy1 which1 when the poor 
men perceived1 clamoribus et ululatibus 
omnia complerunt1 they made lamentable  
moan1 and roared downright1 as loud as  
,homer's ,mars when he was hurt1 which  
the noise of #aj1jjj men could not      
drown1 and all for fear of present      
death4 ,but our estate is far more      
tragical and miserable1 much more to be 
deplored1 and far greater cause have we 
to lament2 the devil and the world      
persecute us1 all good fortune hath     
forsaken us1 we are left to the rage of 

beggary1 cold1 hunger1 thirst1          
nastiness1 sickness1 irksomeness1 to    
continue all torment1 labour and pain1  
to derision and contempt1 bitter enemies
 all1 and far worse than any death2     
death alone we desire1 death we seek1   
yet cannot have it1 and what shall we   
do8 ,quod male fers1 assuesce2 feres    
bene --accustom thyself to it1 and it   
will be tolerable at last4 ,yea1 but ,i 
may not1 ,i cannot1 ,in me consumpsit   
vires fortuna nocendo1 ,i am in the     
extremity of human adversity2 and as a  
shadow leaves the body when the sun is  
gone1 ,i am now left and lost1 and quite
 forsaken of the world4 ,qui jacet in   
terra1 non habet unde cadat2 comfort    
thyself with this yet1 thou art at the  
worst1 and before it be long it will    
either overcome thee or thou it4 ,if it 
be violent1 it cannot endure1 aut       
solvetur1 aut solvet3 let the devil     
himself and all the plagues of ,egypt   
come upon thee at once1 ,ne tu cede     
malis1 sed contra audentior ito1 be of  

good courage2 misery is virtue's        
whetstone4 #cgia--serpens1 sitis1 ardor1
 arenae1 ,dulcia virtuti1  as ,cato told
 his soldiers marching in the deserts of
 ,libya1 ,thirst1 heat1 sands1 serpents1
 were pleasant to a valiant man2        
honourable enterprises are accompanied  
with dangers and damages1 as experience 
evinceth3 they will make the rest of thy
 life relish the better4 ,but put case  
they continue2 thou art not so poor as  
thou wast born1 and as some hold1 much  
better to be pitied than envied4 ,but be
 it so thou hast lost all1 poor thou    
art1 dejected1 in pain of body1 grief of
 mind1 thine enemies insult over thee1  
thou art as bad as ,job2 yet tell me    
7saith ,chrysostom7 was ,job or the     
devil the greater conqueror8 surely     
,job2 the #cgib;devil had his goods1 he 
sat on the muck-hill and kept his good  
name2 he lost his children1 health1     
friends1 but he kept his innocency2 he  
lost his money1 but he kept his         
confidence in ,god1 which was better    

than any treasure4 ,do thou then as ,job
 did1 triumph as ,job did1 #cgic;and be 
not molested as every fool is4 ,sed qua 
ratione potero8 ,how shall this be done8
 ,chrysostom answers1 facile si coelum  
cogitaveris1 with great facility1 if    
thou shalt but meditate on heaven4      
#cgid;,hannah wept sore1 and troubled in
 mind1 could not eat2 but why weepest   
thou1 said ,elkanah her husband1 and why
 eatest thou not8 why is thine heart    
troubled8 am not ,i better to thee than 
ten sons8 and she was quiet4 ,thou art  
here #cgievexed in this world2 but say  
to thyself1 ,why art thou troubled1 ,o  
my soul8 ,is not ,god better to thee    
than all temporalities1 and momentary   
pleasures of the world8 be then         
pacified4 ,and though thou beest now    
peradventure in extreme want1 #cgif;it  
may be 'tis for thy further good1 to try
 thy patience1 as it did ,job's1 and    
exercise thee in this life3 trust in    
,god1 and rely upon him1 and thou shalt 
be #cgig;crowned in the end4 ,what's    

this life to eternity8 ,the world hath  
forsaken thee1 thy friends and fortunes 
all are gone3 yet know this1 that the   
very hairs of thine head are numbered1  
that ,god is a spectator of all thy     
miseries1 he sees thy wrongs1 woes1 and 
wants4 #cgih',tis his goodwill and      
pleasure it should be so1 and he knows  
better what is for thy good than thou   
thyself4 ,his providence is over all1 at
 all times2 he hath set a guard of      
angels over us1 and keeps us as the     
apple of his eye1 ,ps4 xvii4 #h4 ,some  
he doth exalt1 prefer1 bless with       
worldly riches1 honours1 offices1 and   
preferments1 as so many glistering stars
 he makes to shine above the rest3 some 
he doth miraculously protect from       
thieves1 incursions1 sword1 fire1 and   
all violent mischances1 and as the      
#cgiipoet feigns of that ,lycian        
,pandarus1 ,lycaon's son1 when he shot  
at ,menelaus the ,grecian with a strong 
arm1 and deadly arrow1 ,pallas1 as a    
good mother keeps flies from her child's

 face asleep1 turned by the shaft1 and  
made it hit on the buckle of his girdle2
 so some he solicitously defends1 others
 he exposeth to danger1 poverty1        
sickness1 want1 misery1 he chastiseth   
and corrects1 as to him seems best1 in  
his deep1 unsearchable and secret       
judgment1 and all for our good4 ,the    
tyrant took the city 7saith             
#chjj;,chrysostom71 ,god did not hinder 
it2 led them away captives1 so ,god     
would have it2 he bound them1 ,god      
yielded to it3 flung them into the      
furnace1 ,god permitted it3 heat the    
oven hotter1 it was granted3 and when   
the tyrant had done his worst1 ,god     
showed his power1 and the children's    
patience2 he freed them3 so can he thee1
 and can #chja;help in an instant1 when 
it seems to him good4 #chjb ,rejoice not
 against me1 ,o my enemy2 for though ,i 
fall1 ,i shall rise3 when ,i sit in     
darkness1 the ,lord shall lighten me4   
,remember all those martyrs what they   
have endured1 the utmost that human rage

 and fury could invent1 with what       
#chjcpatience they have borne1 with what
 willingness embraced it4 ,though he    
kill me1 saith ,job1 ,i will trust in   
him4 ,justus #chjd;inexpugnabilis1 as   
,chrysostom holds1 a just man is        
impregnable1 and not to be overcome4    
,the gout may hurt his hands1 lameness  
his feet1 convulsions may torture his   
joints1 but not rectam mentem his soul  
is free4 #chje------nempe pecus1 rem1   
,lectos1 argentum tollas licet2 in      
manicis1 et ,compedibus saevo teneas    
custode------  ,perhaps1 you mean1 ,my  
cattle1 money1 movables or land1 ,then  
take them all4--,but1 slave1 if ,i      
command1 ,a cruel jailor shall thy      
freedom seize4  #chjf,take away his     
money1 his treasure is in heaven3 banish
 him his country1 he is an inhabitant of
 that heavenly ,jerusalem3 cast him into
 bands1 his conscience is free2 kill his
 body1 it shall rise again2 he fights   
with a shadow that contends with an     
upright man3 he will not be moved4      

------si fractus illabatur orbis1       
,impavidum ferient ruinae4  ,though     
heaven itself should fall on his head1  
he will not be offended4 ,he is         
impenetrable1 as an anvil hard1 as      
constant as ,job4 #chjg;,ipse deus simul
 atque volet me solvet opinor4  ,a ,god 
shall set me free whene'er ,i please4   
,be thou such a one2 let thy misery be  
what it will1 what it can1 with patience
 endure it2 thou mayst be restored as he
 was4 ,terris proscriptus1 ad coelum    
propera2 ab hominibus desertus1 ad deum 
fuge4 ,the poor shall not always be     
forgotten1 the patient abiding of the   
meek shall not perish for ever1 ,psal4  
x4 #ah4 ver4 #i4 ,the ,lord will be a   
refuge of the oppressed1 and a defence  
in the time of trouble4 ,servus         
,epictetus1 multilati corporis1 ,irus   
,pauper3 at haec inter charus erat      
superis4  ,lame was ,epictetus1 and poor
 ,irus1 ,yet to them both ,god was      
propitious4  ,lodovicus ,vertomannus1   
that famous traveller1 endured much     

misery1 yet surely1 saith ,scaliger1 he 
was vir deo charus1 in that he did      
escape so many dangers1 ,god especially 
protected him1 he was dear unto him3    
,modo in egestate1 tribulatione1        
convalle deplorationis1 c4 ,thou art now
 in the vale of misery1 in poverty1 in  
agony1 #chjh;in temptation2 rest1       
eternity1 happiness1 immortality1 shall 
be thy reward1 as ,chrysostom pleads1 if
 thou trust in ,god1 and keep thine     
innocency4 ,non si male nunc1 et olim   
sic erit semper2 a good hour may come   
upon a sudden2 #chji expect a little4   
,yea1 but this expectation is it which  
tortures me in the mean time2 #chaj     
futura expectans praesentibus angor1    
whilst the grass grows the horse        
starves3 #chaa;despair not1 but hope    
well1 #chab,spera ,batte1 tibi melius   
lux ,crastina ducet2 ,dum spiras        
spera------  ,cheer up1 ,i say1 be not  
dismayed2 ,spes alit agricolas3 he that 
sows in tears1 shall reap in joy1 ,psal4
 cxxvi4 #g4 ,si fortune me tormente1    

,esperance me contente4  ,hope          
refresheth1 as much as misery           
depresseth2 hard beginnings have many   
times prosperous events1 and that may   
happen at last which never was yet4 ,a  
desire accomplished delights the soul1  
,prov4 xiii4 #ai4 #chac;,grata          
superveniet quae non sperabitur hora3   
,which makes m'enjoy my joys long wish'd
 at last1 ,welcome that hour shall come 
when hope is past3  a lowering morning  
may turn to a fair afternoon1 #chad,nube
 solet pulsa candidus ire dies4 ,the    
hope that is deferred1 is the fainting  
of the heart1 but when the desire       
cometh1 it is a tree of life1 ,prov4    
xiii4 #ab1 #chaesuavissimum est voti    
compos fieri4 ,many men are both        
wretched and miserable at first1 but    
afterwards most happy3 and oftentimes it
 so falls out1 as #chaf,machiavel       
relates of ,cosmo de ,medici1 that      
fortunate and renowned citizen of       
,europe1 that all his youth was full of 
perplexity1 danger1 and misery1 till    

forty years were past1 and then upon a  
sudden the sun of his honour broke out  
as through a cloud4 ,huniades was       
fetched out of prison1 and ,henry the   
,third of ,portugal out of a poor       
monastery1 to be crowned kings4 ,multa  
cadunt inter calicem supremaque labra1  
,many things happen between the cup and 
the lip1  beyond all hope and           
expectation many things fall out1 and   
who knows what may happen8 ,nondum      
omnium dierum ,soles occiderunt1 as     
,philippus said1 all the suns are not   
yet set1 a day may come to make amends  
for all4 ,though my father and mother   
forsake me1 yet the ,lord will gather me
 up1 ,psal4 xxvii4 #aj4 ,wait patiently 
on the ,lord1 and hope in him1 ,psal4   
xxxvii4 #g4 ,be strong1 hope and trust  
in the ,lord1 and he will comfort thee1 
and give thee thine heart's desire1     
,psal4 xxvii4 #ad4 ,sperate et vosmet   
rebus servate secundis4  ,hope1 and     
reserve yourself for prosperity4  ,fret 
not thyself because thou art poor1      

contemned1 or not so well for the       
present as thou wouldst be1 not         
respected as thou oughtest to be1 by    
birth1 place1 worth2 or that which is a 
double corrosive1 thou hast been happy1 
honourable1 and rich1 art now distressed
 and poor1 a scorn of men1 a burden to  
the world1 irksome to thyself and       
others1 thou hast lost all3 ,miserum est
 fuisse1 felicem1 and as ,boethius calls
 it1 ,infelicissimum genus infortunii2  
this made ,timon half mad with          
melancholy1 to think of his former      
fortunes and present misfortunes3 this  
alone makes many miserable wretches     
discontent4 ,i confess it is a great    
misery to have been happy1 the          
quintessence of infelicity1 to have been
 honourable and rich1 but yet easily to 
be endured3 #chagsecurity succeeds1 and 
to a judicious man a far better estate4 
,the loss of thy goods and money is no  
loss2 #chah thou hast lost them1 they   
would otherwise have lost thee4 ,if thy 
money be gone1 #chaithou art so much the

 lighter1 and as ,saint ,hierome        
persuades ,rusticus the monk1 to forsake
 all and follow ,christ3 ,gold and      
silver are too heavy metals for him to  
carry that seeks heaven4 #chbj,vel nos  
in mare proximum1 ,gemmas et lapides1   
aurum et inutile1 ,summi materiam mali  
,mittamus1 scelerum si hene poenitet4   
,zeno the philosopher lost all his goods
 by shipwreck1 #chba;he might like of   
it1 fortune had done him a good turn3   
,opes a me1 animum auferre non potest3  
she can take away my means1 but not my  
mind4 ,he set her at defiance ever      
after1 for she could not rob him that   
had nought to lose3 for he was able to  
contemn more than they could possess or 
desire4 ,alexander sent a hundred       
talents of gold to ,phocion of ,athens  
for a present1 because he heard he was a
 good man3 but ,phocion returned his    
talents back again with a permitte me in
 posterum virum bonum esse to be a good 
man still2 let me be as ,i am3 ,non mi  
aurum posco1 nec mi precium#chbb--,that 

,theban ,crates flung of his own accord 
his money into the sea1 abite nummi1 ego
 vos mergam1 ne mergar1 a vobis1 ,i had 
rather drown you1 than you should drown 
me4 ,can stoics and epicures thus       
contemn wealth1 and shall not we that   
are ,christians8 ,it was mascula vox et 
praeclara1 a generous speech of ,cotta  
in #chbc,sallust1 ,many miseries have   
happened unto me at home1 and in the    
wars abroad1 of which by the help of    
,god some ,i have endured1 some ,i have 
repelled1 and by mine own valour        
overcome3 courage was never wanting to  
my designs1 nor industry to my intents3 
prosperity or adversity could never     
alter my disposition4 ,a wise man's     
mind1 as ,seneca holds1 #chbd is like   
the state of the world above the moon1  
ever serene4 ,come then what can come1  
befall what may befall1 infractum       
invictumque #chbe animum opponas3 ,rebus
 angustis animosus atque fortis appare4 
7,hor4 ,od4 #aa4 lib4 #b47 ,hope and    
patience are two sovereign remedies for 

all1 the surest reposals1 the softest   
cushions to lean on in adversity3       
#chbf;,durum sed levius fit patientia1  
,quicquid corrigere est nefas4  ,what   
can't be cured must be endured4  ,if it 
cannot be helped1 or amended1 #chbgmake 
the best of it2 #chbh necessitati qui se
 accommodat1 sapit1 he is wise that     
suits himself to the time4 ,as at a game
 at tables1 so do by all such inevitable
 accidents4 #chbi;,ita vita est hominum 
quasi cum ludas tesseris1 ,si illud quod
 est maxime opus jactu non cadit1 ,illud
 quod cecidit forte1 id arte ut         
corrigas2  ,if thou canst not fling what
 thou wouldst1 play thy cast as well as 
thou canst4 ,everything1 saith          
#chcj;,epictetus1 hath two handles1 the 
one to be held by1 the other not3 'tis  
in our choice to take and leave whether 
we will 7all which ,simplicius's        
,commentator hath illustrated by many   
examples71 and 'tis in our power1 as    
they say1 to make or mar ourselves4     
,conform thyself then to thy present    

fortune1 and cut thy coat according to  
thy cloth1 #chca,ut quimus 7quod aiunt7 
quando quod volumus non licet1 ,be      
contented with thy loss1 state1 and     
calling1 whatsoever it is1 and rest as  
well satisfied with thy present         
condition in this life3 ,este quod es2  
quod sunt alii1 sine quamlibet esse2    
,quod non es1 nolis2 quod potus esse1   
velis4  ,be as thou art2 and as they    
are1 so let ,others be still2 what is   
and may be covert4  ,and as he that is  
#chcb;invited to a feast eats what is   
set before him1 and looks for no other1 
enjoy that thou hast1 and ask no more of
 ,god than what he thinks fit to bestow 
upon thee4 ,non cuivis contingit adire  
,corinthum1 we may not be all gentlemen1
 all ,catos1 or ,laelii1 as ,tully      
telleth us1 all honourable1 illustrious1
 and serene1 all rich2 but because      
mortal men want many things1            
#chcctherefore1 saith ,theodoret1 hath  
,god diversely distributed his gifts1   
wealth to one1 skill to another1 that   

rich men might encourage and set poor   
men at work1 poor men might learn       
several trades to the common good4 ,as a
 piece of arras is composed of several  
parcels1 some wrought of silk1 some of  
gold1 silver1 crewel of diverse colours1
 all to serve for the exornation of the 
whole3 music is made of diverse discords
 and keys1 a total sum of many small    
numbers1 so is a commonwealth of several
 unequal trades and callings4 #chcd;,if 
all should be ,croesi and ,darii1 all   
idle1 all in fortunes equal1 who should 
till the land8 ,as #chce,menenius       
,agrippa well satisfied the tumultuous  
rout of ,rome1 in his elegant apologue  
of the belly and the rest of the        
members4 ,who should build houses1 make 
our several stuffs for raiments8 ,we    
should all be starved for company1 as   
,poverty declared at large in           
,aristophanes' ,plutus1 and sue at last 
to be as we were at first4 ,and         
therefore ,god hath appointed this      
inequality of states1 orders1 and       

degrees1 a subordination1 as in all     
other things4 ,the earth yields         
nourishment to vegetables1 sensible     
creatures feed on vegetables1 both are  
substitutes to reasonable souls1 and men
 are subject amongst themselves1 and all
 to higher powers1 so ,god would have   
it4 ,all things then being rightly      
examined and duly considered as they    
ought1 there is no such cause of so     
general discontent1 'tis not in the     
matter itself1 but in our mind1 as we   
moderate our passions and esteem of     
things4 ,nihil aliud necessarium ut sis 
miser 7saith #chcf;,cardan7 quam ut te  
miserum credas1 let thy fortune be what 
it will1 'tis thy mind alone that makes 
thee poor or rich1 miserable or happy4  
,vidi ego 7saith divine ,seneca7 in     
villa hilari et amaena maestos1 et media
 solitudine occupatos2 non locus1 sed   
animus facit ad tranquillitatem4 ,i have
 seen men miserably dejected in a       
pleasant village1 and some again well   
occupied and at good ease in a solitary 

desert4 ',tis the mind not the place    
causeth tranquillity1 and that gives    
true content4 ,i will yet add a word or 
two for a corollary4 ,many rich men1 ,i 
dare boldly say it1 that lie on down    
beds1 with delicacies pampered every    
day1 in their well-furnished houses1    
live at less heart's ease1 with more    
anguish1 more bodily pain1 and through  
their intemperance1 more bitter hours1  
than many a prisoner or galley-slave2   
#chcg,maecenas in pluma aeque vigilat ac
 ,regulus in dolio3 those poor starved  
,hollanders1 whom #chch;,bartison their 
captain left in ,nova ,zembla1 anno     
#aeif1 or those #chci;eight miserable   
,englishmen that were lately left       
behind1 to winter in a stove in         
,greenland1 in #gg deg4 of lat41 #afcj1 
so pitifully forsaken1 and forced to    
shift for themselves in a vast1 dark1   
and desert place1 to strive and struggle
 with hunger1 cold1 desperation1 and    
death itself4 ',tis a patient and quiet 
mind 7,i say it again and again7 gives  

true peace and content4 ,so for all     
other things1 they are1 as old          
#chdj;,chremes told us1 as we use them4 
,parentes1 patriam1 amicos1 genus1      
cognates1 divitias1 ,haec perinde sunt  
ac illius animus qui ea possidet2 ,qui  
uti scit1 ei bona2 qui utitur non recte1
 mala4  ,parents1 friends1 fortunes1    
country1 birth1 alliance1 c41 ebb and   
flow with our conceit2 please or        
displease1 as we accept and construe    
them1 or apply them to ourselves4 ,faber
 quisque fortunae suae1 and in some sort
 ,i may truly say1 prosperity and       
adversity are in our own hands4 ,nemo   
laeditur nisi a seipso1 and which       
,seneca confirms out of his judgment and
 experience4 #chda;,every man's mind is 
stronger than fortune1 and leads him to 
what side he will2 a cause to himself   
each one is of his good or bad life4    
,but will we1 or nill we1 make the worst
 of it1 and suppose a man in the        
greatest extremity1 'tis a fortune which
 some indefinitely prefer before        

prosperity2 of two extremes it is the   
best4 ,luxuriant animi rebus plerumque  
secundis1 men in #chdbprosperity forget 
,god and themselves1 they are besotted  
with their wealth1 as birds with        
henbane3 #chdc miserable if fortune     
forsake them1 but more miserable if she 
tarry and overwhelm them3 for when they 
come to be in great place1 rich1 they   
that were most temperate1 sober1 and    
discreet in their private fortunes1 as  
,nero1 ,otho1 ,vitellius1 ,heliogabalus 
7optimi imperatores nisi imperassent7   
degenerate on a sudden into brute       
beasts1 so prodigious in lust1 such     
tyrannical oppressors1 c41 they cannot  
moderate themselves1 they become        
monsters1 odious1 harpies1 what not8    
,cum triumphos1 opes1 honores adepti    
sunt1 ad voluptatem et otium deinceps se
 convertunt3 'twas #chdd;,cato's note1  
they cannot contain4 ,for that cause    
belike #chde;,eutrapilus cuicunque      
nocere volebat1 ,vestimenta dabat       
pretiosa3 beatus enim jam1 ,cum pulchris

 tunicis sumet nova consilia et spes1   
,dormiet in lucem scorto1 postponet     
honestum ,officium------  ,eutrapilus   
when he would hurt a knave1 ,gave him   
gay clothes and wealth to make him      
brave3 ,because now rich he would quite 
change his mind1 ,keep whores1 fly out1 
set honesty behind4  ,on the other side1
 in adversity many mutter and repine1   
despair1 c41 both bad1 ,i confess1      
#chdf------ut calceus olim ,si pede     
major erit1 subvertet3 si minor1 uret4  
,as a shoe too big or too little1 one   
pincheth1 the other sets the foot awry1 
sed e malis minimum4 ,if adversity hath 
killed his thousand1 prosperity hath    
killed his ten thousand3 therefore      
adversity is to be preferred2 #chdg;haec
 froeno indiget1 illa solatio3 illa     
fallit1 haec instruit3 the one deceives1
 the other instructs2 the one miserably 
happy1 the other happily miserable2 and 
therefore many philosophers have        
voluntarily sought adversity1 and so    
much commend it in their precepts4      

,demetrius1 in ,seneca1 esteemed it a   
great infelicity1 that in his lifetime  
he had no misfortune1 miserum cui nihil 
unquam accidisset1 adversi4 ,adversity  
then is not so heavily to be taken1 and 
we ought not in such cases so much to   
macerate ourselves3 there is no such    
odds in poverty and riches4 ,to conclude
 in #chdh;,hierom's words1 ,i will ask  
our magnificoes that build with marble1 
and bestow a whole manor on a thread1   
what difference between them and ,paul  
the ,eremite1 that bare old man8 ,they  
drink in jewels1 he in his hand3 he is  
poor and goes to heaven1 they are rich  
and go to hell4  ,,memb4 ,,iv4  ,against
 ,servitude1 ,loss of ,liberty1         
,imprisonment1 ,banishment4  ,servitude1
 loss of liberty1 imprisonment1 are no  
such miseries as they are held to be3 we
 are slaves and servants the best of us 
all3 as we do reverence our masters1 so 
do our masters their superiors3         
gentlemen serve nobles1 and nobles      
subordinate to kings1 omne sub regno    

graviore regnum1 princes themselves are 
,god's servants1 reges in ipsos imperium
 est ,jovis4 ,they are subject to their 
own laws1 and as the kings of ,china    
endure more than slavish imprisonment1  
to maintain their state and greatness1  
they never come abroad4 ,alexander was a
 slave to fear1 ,caesar of pride1       
,vespasian to his money 7nihil enim     
refert1 rerum sis servus an hominum71   
#chdi ,heliogabalus to his gut1 and so  
of the rest4 ,lovers are slaves to their
 mistresses1 rich men to their gold1    
courtiers generally to lust and         
ambition1 and all slaves to our         
affections1 as ,evangelus well          
discourseth in #chej,macrobius1 and     
#chea,seneca the philosopher1 assiduam  
servitutem extremam et ineluctabilem he 
calls it1 a continual slavery1 to be so 
captivated by vices2 and who is free8   
,why then dost thou repine8 ,satis est  
potens1 ,hierom saith1 qui servire non  
cogitur4 ,thou carriest no burdens1 thou
 art no prisoner1 no drudge1 and        

thousands want that liberty1 those      
pleasures which thou hast4 ,thou art not
 sick1 and what wouldst thou have8 ,but 
nitimur in vetitum1 we must all eat of  
the forbidden fruit4 ,were we enjoined  
to go to such and such places1 we would 
not willingly go3 but being barred of   
our liberty1 this alone torments our    
wandering soul that we may not go4 ,a   
citizen of ours1 saith #cheb;,cardan1   
was sixty years of age1 and had never   
been forth of the walls of the city of  
,milan2 the prince hearing of it1       
commanded him not to stir out3 being now
 forbidden that which all his life he   
had neglected1 he earnestly desired1 and
 being denied1 dolore confectus mortem1 
obiit1 he died for grief4 ,what ,i have 
said of servitude1 ,i again say of      
imprisonment1 we are all prisoners4     
#chec,what is our life but a prison8 ,we
 are all imprisoned in an island4 ,the  
world itself to some men is a prison1   
our narrow seas as so many ditches1 and 
when they have compassed the globe of   

the earth1 they would fain go see what  
is done in the moon4 ,in #ched,muscovy  
and many other northern parts1 all over 
,scandia1 they are imprisoned half the  
year in stoves1 they dare not peep out  
for cold4 ,at #chee;,aden in ,arabia    
they are penned in all day long with    
that other extreme of heat1 and keep    
their markets in the night4 ,what is a  
ship but a prison8 ,and so many cities  
are but as so many hives of bees1       
anthills2 but that which thou abhorrest1
 many seek3 women keep in all winter1   
and most part of summer1 to preserve    
their beauties2 some for love of study3 
,demosthenes shaved his beard because he
 would cut off all occasions from going 
abroad3 how many monks and friars1      
anchorites1 abandon the world4 ,monachus
 in urbe1 piscis in arido4 ,art in      
prison8 ,make right use of it1 and      
mortify thyself2 #chef ,where may a man 
contemplate better than in solitariness1
 or study more than in quietness8 ,many 
worthy men have been imprisoned all     

their lives1 and it hath been occasion  
of great honour and glory to them1 much 
public good by their excellent          
meditation4 #cheg,ptolomeus king of     
,egypt1 cum viribus attenuatis infirma  
valetudine laboraret1 miro descendi     
studio affectus1 c4 now being taken with
 a grievous infirmity of body that he   
could not stir abroad1 became ,strato's 
scholar1 fell hard to his book1 and gave
 himself wholly to contemplation1 and   
upon that occasion 7as mine author      
adds71 pulcherrimum regiae opulentiae   
monumentum1 c41 to his great honour     
built that renowned library at          
,alexandria1 wherein were #dj1jjj       
volumes4 ,severinus ,boethius never writ
 so elegantly as in prison1 ,paul so    
devoutly1 for most of his epistles were 
dictated in his bands3 ,joseph1 saith   
#cheh;,austin1 got more credit in       
prison1 than when he distributed corn1  
and was lord of ,pharaoh's house4 ,it   
brings many a lewd1 riotous fellow home1
 many wandering rogues it settles1 that 

would otherwise have been like raving   
tigers1 ruined themselves and others4   
,banishment is no grievance at all1     
,omne solum forti patria1 c4 et patria  
est ubicunque bene est1 that's a man's  
country where he is well at ease4 ,many 
travel for pleasure to that city1 saith 
,seneca1 to which thou art banished1 and
 what a part of the citizens are        
strangers born in other places8         
#chei;,incolentibus patria1 'tis their  
country that are born in it1 and they   
would think themselves banished to go to
 the place which thou leavest1 and from 
which thou art so loath to depart4 ',tis
 no disparagement to be a stranger1 or  
so irksome to be an exile4 #chfj,the    
rain is a stranger to the earth1 rivers 
to the sea1 ,jupiter in ,egypt1 the sun 
to us all4 ,the soul is an alien to the 
body1 a nightingale to the air1 a       
swallow in a house1 and ,ganymede in    
heaven1 an elephant at ,rome1 a ,phoenix
 in ,india2 and such things commonly    
please us best1 which are most strange  

and come the farthest off4 ,those old   
,hebrews esteemed the whole world       
,gentiles2 the ,greeks held all         
barbarians but themselves2 our modern   
,italians account of us as dull         
,transalpines by way of reproach1 they  
scorn thee and thy country which thou so
 much admirest4 ',tis a childish humour 
to hone after home1 to be discontent at 
that which others seek2 to prefer1 as   
base islanders and ,norwegians do1 their
 own ragged island before ,italy or     
,greece1 the gardens of the world4      
,there is a base nation in the north1   
saith #chfa,pliny1 called ,chauci1 that 
live amongst rocks and sands by the     
seaside1 feed on fish1 drink water3 and 
yet these base people account themselves
 slaves in respect1 when they come to   
,rome4 ,ita est profecto 7as he         
concludes7 multis fortuna parcit in     
poenam1 so it is1 fortune favours some  
to live at home1 to their further       
punishment3 'tis want of judgment4 ,all 
places are distant from heaven alike1   

the sun shines happily as warm in one   
city as in another1 and to a wise man   
there is no difference of climes2       
friends are everywhere to him that      
behaves himself well1 and a prophet is  
not esteemed in his own country4        
,alexander1 ,caesar1 ,trajan1 ,adrian1  
were as so many land-leapers1 now in the
 east1 now in the west1 little at home2 
and ,polus ,venetus1 ,lod4 ,vertomannus1
 ,pinzonus1 ,cadamustus1 ,columbus1     
,americus ,vespucius1 ,vascus ,gama1    
,drake1 ,candish1 ,oliver ,anort1       
,schoutien1 got1 all their honour by    
voluntary expeditions4 ,but you say such
 men's travel is voluntary2 we are      
compelled1 and as malefactors must      
depart2 yet know this of #chfb,plato to 
be true1 ultori ,deo summa cura         
peregrinus est1 ,god hath an especial   
care of strangers1 and when he wants    
friends and allies1 he shall deserve    
better and find more favour with ,god   
and men4 ,besides the pleasure of       
peregrination1 variety of objects will  

make amends2 and so many nobles1 ,tully1
 ,aristides1 ,themistocles1 ,theseus1   
,codrus1 c4 as have been banished1 will 
give sufficient credit unto it4 ,read   
,pet4 ,alcionius his two books of this  
subject4  ,,memb4 ,v4  ,against ,sorrow 
for ,death of ,friends or otherwise1    
vain ,fear1 c4  ,death and departure of 
friends are things generally grievous1  
#chfc ,omnium quae in humana vita       
contingunt1 luctus atque mors sunt      
acerbissima1 the most austere and bitter
 accidents that can happen to a man in  
this life1 in aeternum valedicere1 to   
part for ever1 to forsake the world and 
all our friends1 'tis ultimum           
terribilium1 the last and the greatest  
terror1 most irksome and troublesome    
unto us1 #chfd;,homo toties moritur1    
quoties amittit suos4 ,and though we    
hope for a better life1 eternal         
happiness1 after these painful and      
miserable days1 yet we cannot compose   
ourselves willingly to die2 the         
remembrance of it is most grievous unto 

us1 especially to such who are fortunate
 and rich3 they start at the name of    
death1 as a horse at a rotten post4 ,say
 what you can of that other world1      
#chfe,montezuma that ,indian prince1    
,bonum est esse hic1 they had rather be 
here4 ,nay many generous spirits1 and   
grave staid men otherwise1 are so tender
 in this1 that at the loss of a dear    
friend they will cry out1 roar1 and tear
 their hair1 lamenting some months      
after1 howling ,o ,hone1 as those ,irish
 women and #chff;,greeks at their       
graves1 commit many indecent actions1   
and almost go beside themselves4 ,my    
dear father1 my sweet husband1 mine only
 brother's dead1 to whom shall ,i make  
my moan8 ,o me miserum6 ,quis dabit in  
lachrymas fontem1 c4 ,what shall ,i do8 
#chfg,sed totum hoc studium luctu       
fraterna mihi mors ,abstulit1 hei misero
 frater adempte mihi8  ,my brother's    
death my study hath undone1 ,woe's me1  
alas my brother he is gone4  ,mezentius 
would not live after his son3 #chfh,nunc

 vivo1 nec adhuc homines lucemque       
relinquo1 ,sed linquam------  ,and      
,pompey's wife cried out at the news of 
her husband's death1 #chfi,turpe mori   
post te solo non posse dolore1 ,violenta
 luctu et nescia tolerandi1  as         
#chgj,tacitus of ,agrippina1 not able to
 moderate her passions4 ,so when she    
heard her son was slain1 she abruptly   
broke off her work1 changed countenance 
and colour1 tore her hair1 and fell a   
roaring downright4 #chga------subitus   
miserae color ossa reliquit1 ,excussi   
manibus radii1 revolutaque pensa3       
,evolat infelix et foemineo ululatu     
,scissa comam------  ,another would     
needs run upon the sword's point after  
,euryalus' departure1 #chgb;,figite me1 
si qua est pietas1 in me omnia tela     
,conjicite o ,rutili2------  ,o let me  
die1 some good man or other make an end 
of me4 ,how did ,achilles take on for   
,patroclus' departure8 ,a black cloud of
 sorrows overshadowed him1 saith ,homer4
 ,jacob rent his clothes1 put sackcloth 

about his loins1 sorrowed for his son a 
long season1 and could not be comforted1
 but would needs go down into the grave 
unto his son1 ,gen4 xxxvii4 #cg4 ,many  
years after1 the remembrance of such    
friends1 of such accidents1 is most     
grievous unto us1 to see or hear of it1 
though it concern not ourselves but     
others4 ,scaliger saith of himself1 that
 he never read ,socrates' death1 in     
,plato's ,phaedon1 but he wept3         
#chgc;,austin shed tears when he read   
the destruction of ,troy4 ,but howsoever
 this passion of sorrow be violent1     
bitter1 and seizeth familiarly on wise1 
valiant1 discreet men1 yet it may surely
 be withstood1 it may be diverted4 ,for 
what is there in this life1 that it     
should be so dear unto us8 or that we   
should so much deplore the departure of 
a friend8 ,the greatest pleasures are   
common society1 to enjoy one another's  
presence1 feasting1 hawking1 hunting1   
brooks1 woods1 hills1 music1 dancing1 c4
 all this is but vanity and loss of     

time1 as ,i have sufficiently declared4 
#chgd------;dum bibimus1 dum serta1     
unguenta1 puellas ,poscimus1 obrepit non
 intellecta senectus4  ,whilst we drink1
 prank ourselves1 with wenches dally1   
,old age upon's at unawares doth sally4 
,as alchemists spend that small modicum 
they have to get gold1 and never find   
it1 we lose and neglect eternity1 for a 
little momentary pleasure which we      
cannot enjoy1 nor shall ever attain to  
in this life4 ,we abhor death1 pain1 and
 grief1 all1 yet we will do nothing of  
that which should vindicate us from1 but
 rather voluntarily thrust ourselves    
upon it4 #chge ,the lascivious prefers  
his whore before his life1 or good      
estate2 an angry man his revenge3 a     
parasite his gut2 ambitious1 honours2   
covetous1 wealth2 a thief his booty2 a  
soldier his spoil2 we abhor diseases1   
and yet we pull them upon us4 ,we are   
never better or freer from cares than   
when we sleep1 and yet1 which we so much
 avoid and lament1 death is but a       

perpetual sleep2 and why should it1 as  
#chgf;,epicurus argues1 so much affright
 us8 ,when we are1 death is not3 but    
when death is1 then we are not3 our life
 is tedious and troublesome unto him    
that lives best2 #chgg'tis a misery to  
be born1 a pain to live1 a trouble to   
die3 death makes an end of our miseries1
 and yet we cannot consider of it2 a    
little before #chgh,socrates drank his  
portion of cicuta1 he bid the citizens  
of ,athens cheerfully farewell1 and     
concluded his speech with this short    
sentence2 ,my time is now come to be    
gone1 ,i to my death1 you to live on2   
but which of these is best1 ,god alone  
knows4 ,for there is no pleasure here   
but sorrow is annexed to it1 repentance 
follows it4 #chgi;,if ,i feed liberally1
 ,i am likely sick or surfeit3 if ,i    
live sparingly my hunger and thirst is  
not allayed2 ,i am well neither full nor
 fasting2 if ,i live honest1 ,i burn in 
lust2 if ,i take my pleasure1 ,i tire   
and starve myself1 and do injury to my  

body and soul4 #chhj,of so small a      
quantity of mirth1 how much sorrow8     
after so little pleasure1 how great     
misery8 ',tis both ways troublesome to  
me1 to rise and go to bed1 to eat and   
provide my meat2 cares and contentions  
attend me all day long1 fears and       
suspicions all my life4 ,i am           
discontented1 and why should ,i desire  
so much to live8 ,but a happy death will
 make an end of all our woes and        
miseries2 omnibus una meis certa medela 
malis2 why shouldst not thou then say   
with old ,simeon since thou art so well 
affected1 ,lord now let thy servant     
depart in peace3 or with ,paul1 ,i      
desire to be dissolved1 and to be with  
,christ8 ,beata mors quae ad beatam     
vitam aditum aperit1 'tis a blessed hour
 that leads us to a #chha;blessed life1 
and blessed are they that die in the    
,lord4 ,but life is sweet1 and death is 
not so terrible in itself as the        
concomitants of it1 a loathsome disease1
 pain1 horror1 c4 and many times the    

manner of it1 to be hanged1 to be broken
 on the wheel1 to be burned alive4      
#chhb,servetus the heretic1 that        
suffered in ,geneva1 when he was brought
 to the stake1 and saw the executioner  
come with fire in his hand1 homo viso   
igne tam horrendum exclamavit1 ut       
universum populum perterrefecerit1      
roared so loud1 that he terrified the   
people4 ,an old stoic would have scorned
 this4 ,it troubles some to be unburied1
 or so3 ------non te optima mater       
,condet humi1 patriove onerabit membra  
sepulchro2 ,alitibus linguere feris1 et 
gurgite mersum ,unda feret1 piscesque   
impasti vulnera lambent4  ,thy gentle   
parents shall not bury thee1 ,amongst   
thine ancestors entomb'd to be1 ,but    
feral fowl thy carcass shall devour1 ,or
 drowned corps hungry fish maws shall   
scour4  ,as ,socrates told ,crito1 it   
concerns me not what is done with me    
when ,i am dead2 ,facilis jactura       
sepulchri3 ,i care not so long as ,i    
feel it not2 let them set mine head on  

the pike of ,tenerife1 and my quarters  
in the four parts of the world1--pascam 
licet in cruce corvos1 let wolves or    
bears devour me2--#chhc;,caelo tegitur  
qui non habet urnam1 the canopy of      
heaven covers him that hath no tomb4 ,so
 likewise for our friends1 why should   
their departure so much trouble us8     
,they are better as we hope1 and for    
what then dost thou lament1 as those do 
whom ,paul taxed in his time1 #a ,thes4 
iv4 #ac4 that have no hope8 ',tis fit   
there should be some solemnity4         
#chhd,sed sepelire decet defunctum1     
pectore forti1 ,constantes1 unumque diem
 fletui indulgentes4  ,job's friends    
said not a word to him the first seven  
days1 but let sorrow and discontent take
 their course1 themselves sitting sad   
and silent by him4 ,when ,jupiter       
himself wept for ,sarpedon1 what else   
did the poet insinuate1 but that some   
sorrow is good #chhe,quis matrem nisi   
mentis inops in funere nati ,flere      
vetat8------  who can blame a tender    

mother if she weep for her children8    
,beside1 as #chhf,plutarch holds1 'tis  
not in our power not to lament1         
,indolentia non cuivis contingit1 it    
takes away mercy and pity1 not to be    
sad2 'tis a natural passion to weep for 
our friends1 an irresistible passion to 
lament and grieve4 ,i know not how      
7saith ,seneca7 but sometimes 'tis good 
to be miserable in misery3 and for the  
most part all grief evacuates itself by 
tears1 #chhg------;est quaedam flere    
voluptas1 ,expletur lachrymis           
egeriturque dolor3  yet after a day's   
mourning or two1 comfort thyself for thy
 heaviness1 ,eccles4 xxxviii4 #ag4      
#chhh,non decet defunctum ignavo quaestu
 prosequi2 'twas ,germanicus' advice of 
old1 that we should not dwell too long  
upon our passions1 to be desperately    
sad1 immoderate grievers1 to let them   
tyrannise1 there's indolentiae1 ars1 a  
medium to be kept3 we do not 7saith     
#chhi;,austin7 forbid men to grieve1 but
 to grieve overmuch4 ,i forbid not a man

 to be angry1 but ,i ask for what cause 
he is so8 ,not to be sad1 but why is he 
sad8 ,not to fear1 but wherefore is he  
afraid8 ,i require a moderation as well 
as a just reason4 #chij,the ,romans and 
most civil commonwealths have set a time
 to such solemnities1 they must not     
mourn after a set day1 or if in a family
 a child be born1 a daughter or son     
married1 some state or honour be        
conferred1 a brother be redeemed from   
his bands1 a friend from his enemies1 or
 the like1 they must lament no more4    
,and 'tis fit it should be so2 to what  
end is all their funeral pomp1          
complaints1 and tears8 ,when ,socrates  
was dying1 his friends ,apollodorus and 
,crito1 with some others1 were weeping  
by him1 which he perceiving1 asked them 
what they meant3 #chia;for that very    
cause he put all the women out of the   
room1 upon which words of his they were 
abashed1 and ceased from their tears4   
,lodovicus ,cortesius1 a rich lawyer of 
,padua 7as #chib ,bernardinus           

,scardeonius relates7 commanded by his  
last will1 and a great mulct if         
otherwise to his heir1 that no funeral  
should be kept for him1 no man should   
lament3 but as at a wedding1 music and  
minstrels to be provided2 and instead of
 black mourners1 he took order1         
#chicthat twelve virgins clad in green  
should carry him to the church4 ,his    
will and testament was accordingly      
performed1 and he buried in ,st4        
,sophia's church4 #chid,tully was much  
grieved for his daughter ,tulliola's    
death at first1 until such time that he 
had confirmed his mind with some        
philosophical precepts1 #chiethen he    
began to triumph over fortune and grief1
 and for her reception into heaven to be
 much more joyed than before he was     
troubled for her loss4 ,if a heathen man
 could so fortify himself from          
philosophy1 what shall a ,christian from
 divinity8 ,why dost thou so macerate   
thyself8 ',tis an inevitable chance1 the
 first statute in ,magna ,charta1 an    

everlasting ,act of ,parliament1 all    
must #chif;die4 #chig;,constat aeterna  
positumque lege est1 ,ut constet genitum
 nihil4  ,it cannot be revoked1 we are  
all mortal1 and these all commanding    
gods and princes die like               
men3#chih--;involvit humile pariter et  
celsum caput1 aquatque summis infima4 ,o
 weak condition of human estate1        
,sylvius exclaims3 #chii,ladislaus1 king
 of ,bohemia1 eighteen years of age1 in 
the flower of his youth1 so potent1     
rich1 fortunate and happy1 in the midst 
of all his friends1 amongst so many     
#cijjphysicians1 now ready to be #cija  
married1 in thirty-six hours sickened   
and died4 ,we must so be gone sooner or 
later all1 and as ,calliopeius in the   
comedy took his leave of his spectators 
and auditors1 ,vos valete et plaudite1  
,calliopeius recensui1 must we bid the  
world farewell 7,exit ,calliopeius71 and
 having now played our parts1 for ever  
be gone4 ,tombs and monuments have the  
like fate1 data sunt ipsis quoque fata  

sepulchris1 kingdoms1 provinces1 towns1 
and cities have their periods1 and are  
consumed4 ,in those flourishing times of
 ,troy1 ,mycenae was the fairest city in
 ,greece1 ,graeciae cunctae imperitabat1
 but it1 alas1 and that #cijb;,assyrian 
,nineveh are quite overthrown3 the like 
fate hath that ,egyptian and ,boeotian  
,thebes1 ,delos1 commune ,graeciae1     
conciliabulum1 the common council-house 
of ,greece1 #cijc;and ,babylon1 the     
greatest city that ever the sun shone   
on1 hath now nothing but walls and      
rubbish left4 #cijd,quid ,pandioniae    
restat nisi nomen ,athenae8 ,thus       
#cije,pausanias complained in his times4
 ,and where is ,troy itself now1        
,persepolis1 ,carthage1 ,cizicum1       
,sparta1 ,argos1 and all those ,grecian 
cities8 ,syracuse and ,agrigentum1 the  
fairest towns in ,sicily1 which had     
sometimes #gjj1jjj inhabitants1 are now 
decayed3 the names of ,hieron1          
,empedocles1 c41 of those mighty numbers
 of people1 only left4 ,one ,anacharsis 

is remembered amongst the ,scythians2   
the world itself must have an end2 and  
every part of it4 ,caeterae igitur urbes
 sunt mortales1 as ,peter #cijf;,gillius
 concludes of ,constantinople1 haec sane
 quamdiu erunt homines1 futura mihi     
videtur immortalis2 but 'tis not so3 nor
 site1 nor strength1 nor sea nor land1  
can vindicate a city1 but it and all    
must vanish at last4 ,and as to a       
traveller great mountains seem plains   
afar off1 at last are not discerned at  
all2 cities1 men1 monuments decay1--nec 
solidis prodest sua machina             
terris1#cijgthe names are only left1    
those at length forgotten1 and are      
involved in perpetual night4            
#cijh,returning out of ,asia1 when ,i   
sailed from ,aegina toward ,megara1 ,i  
began 7saith ,servius ,sulpicius1 in a  
consolatory epistle of his to ,tully7 to
 view the country round about4 ,aegina  
was behind me1 ,megara before1 ,piraeus 
on the right hand1 ,corinth on the left1
 what flourishing towns heretofore1 now 

prostrate and overwhelmed before mine   
eyes8 ,i began to think with myself1    
alas1 why are we men so much disquieted 
with the departure of a friend1 whose   
life is much shorter8 #ciji,when so many
 goodly cities lie buried before us4    
,remember1 ,o ,servius1 thou art a man2 
and with that ,i was much confirmed1 and
 corrected myself4 ,correct then        
likewise1 and comfort thyself in this1  
that we must necessarily die1 and all   
die1 that we shall rise again3 as ,tully
 held2 ,jucundiorque multo congressus   
noster futurus1 quam insuavis et acerbus
 digressus1 our second meeting shall be 
much more pleasant than our departure   
was grievous4 ,aye1 but he was my most  
dear and loving friend1 my sole friend1 
#ciaj,quis deciderio sit pudor aut modus
 ,tam chari capitis8------  ,and who can
 blame my woe8  ,thou mayst be ashamed1 
,i say with #ciaa,seneca1 to confess it1
 in such a #ciabtempest as this to have 
but one anchor1 go seek another3 and for
 his part thou dost him great injury to 

desire his longer life4 #ciac,wilt thou 
have him crazed and sickly still1 like a
 tired traveller that comes weary to his
 inn1 begin his journey afresh1 or to be
 freed from his miseries2 thou hast more
 need rejoice that he is gone4 ,another 
complains of a most sweet wife1 a young 
wife1 ,nondum sustulerat flavum         
,proserpina crinem1 such a wife as no   
mortal man ever had1 so good a wife1 but
 she is now dead and gone1 laethaeoque  
jacet condita sarcophago4 ,i reply to   
him in ,seneca's words1 if such a woman 
at least ever was to be had1 #ciad;,he  
did either so find or make her2 if he   
found her1 he may as happily find       
another2 if he made her1 as ,critobulus 
in ,xenophon did by his1 he may as good 
cheap inform another1 et bona tam       
sequitur1 quam bona prima fuit2 he need 
not despair1 so long as the same master 
is to be had4 ,but was she good8 ,had   
she been so tired peradventure as that  
,ephesian widow in ,petronius1 by some  
swaggering soldier1 she might not have  

held out4 ,many a man would have been   
willingly rid of his3 before thou wast  
bound1 now thou art free2 #ciae;and 'tis
 but a folly to love thy fetters though 
they be of gold4 ,come into a third     
place1 you shall have an aged father    
sighing for a son1 a pretty child2      
#ciaf;,impube pectus quale vel impia    
,molliret ,thracum pectora4  ------,he  
now lies asleep1 ,would make an impious 
,thracian weep4  ,or some fine daughter 
that died young1 ,nondum experta novi   
gaudia prima tori4 ,or a forlorn son for
 his deceased father4 ,but why8 ,prior  
exiit1 prior intravit1 he came first1   
and he must go first4 #ciag,tu frustra  
pius1 heu1 c4 ,what1 wouldst thou have  
the laws of nature altered1 and him to  
live always8 ,julius ,caesar1 ,augustus1
 ,alcibiades1 ,galen1 ,aristotle1 lost  
their fathers young4 ,and why on the    
other side shouldst thou so heavily take
 the death of thy little son8 #ciah,num 
quia nec fato1 merita nec morte peribat1
 ,sed miser ante diem------  he died    

before his time1 perhaps1 not yet come  
to the solstice of his age1 yet was he  
not mortal8 ,hear that divine           
#ciai;,epictetus1 ,if thou covet thy    
wife1 friends1 children should live     
always1 thou art a fool4 ,he was a fine 
child indeed1 dignus ,apollineis        
lachrymis1 a sweet1 a loving1 a fair1 a 
witty child1 of great hope1 another     
,eteoneus1 whom ,pindarus the poet and  
,aristides the rhetorician so much      
lament2 but who can tell whether he     
would have been an honest man8 ,he might
 have proved a thief1 a rogue1 a        
spendthrift1 a disobedient son1 vexed   
and galled thee more than all the world 
beside1 he might have wrangled with thee
 and disagreed1 or with his brothers1 as
 ,eteocles and ,polynices1 and broke thy
 heart2 he is now gone to eternity1 as  
another ,ganymede1 in the #cibj;flower  
of his youth1 as if he had risen1 saith 
#ciba,plutarch1 from the midst of a     
feast before he was drunk1 the longer he
 had lived1 the worse he would have     

been1 et quo vita longior1 7,ambrose    
thinks7 culpa numerosior1 more sinful1  
more to answer he would have had4 ,if he
 was naught1 thou mayst be glad he is   
gone2 if good1 be glad thou hadst such a
 son4 ,or art thou sure he was good8 ,it
 may be he was an hypocrite1 as many    
are1 and howsoever he spake thee fair1  
peradventure he prayed1 amongst the rest
 that ,icaro ,menippus heard at         
,jupiter's whispering place in ,lucian1 
for his father's death1 because he now  
kept him short1 he was to inherit much  
goods1 and many fair manors after his   
decease4 ,or put case he was very good1 
suppose the best1 may not thy dead son  
expostulate with thee1 as he did in the 
same #cibb,lucian1 why dost thou lament 
my death1 or call me miserable that am  
much more happy than thyself8 what      
misfortune is befallen me8 ,is it       
because ,i am not so bald1 crooked1 old1
 rotten1 as thou art8 ,what have ,i     
lost1 some of your good cheer1 gay      
clothes1 music1 singing1 dancing1       

kissing1 merry-meetings1 thalami        
lubentias1 c41 is that it8 ,is it not   
much better not to hunger at all than to
 eat3 not to thirst than to drink to    
satisfy thirst3 not to be cold than to  
put on clothes to drive away cold8 ,you 
had more need rejoice that ,i am freed  
from diseases1 agues1 cares1 anxieties1 
livor1 love1 covetousness1 hatred1 envy1
 malice1 that ,i fear no more thieves1  
tyrants1 enemies1 as you do4 #cibc;,ad  
cinerem et manes credis curare sepultos8
 ,do they concern us at all1 think you1 
when we are once dead8 ,condole not     
others then overmuch1 wish not or fear  
thy death4 #cibd ,summum nec optes diem 
nec metuas2 'tis to no purpose4 ,excessi
 e vitae aerumnis facilisque lubensque  
,ne perjora ipsa morte dehinc videam4   
,i left this irksome life with all mine 
heart1 ,lest worse than death should    
happen to my part4  #cibe;,cardinal     
,brundusinus caused this epitaph in     
,rome to be inscribed on his tomb1 to   
show his willingness to die1 and tax    

those that were so both to depart4 ,weep
 and howl no more then1 'tis to small   
purpose2 and as ,tully adviseth us in   
the like case1 ,non quos amisimus1 sed  
quantum lugere par sit cogitemus3 think 
what we do1 not whom we have lost4 ,so  
,david did1 #b ,sam4 xxii41 ,while the  
child was yet alive1 ,i fasted and wept2
 but being now dead1 why should ,i fast8
 ,can ,i bring him again8 ,i shall go to
 him1 but he cannot return to me4 ,he   
that doth otherwise is an intemperate1 a
 weak1 a silly1 and indiscreet man4     
,though ,aristotle deny any part of     
intemperance to be conversant about     
sorrow1 ,i am of #cibf,seneca's mind1 he
 that is wise is temperate1 and he that 
is temperate is constant1 free from     
passion1 and he that is such a one1 is  
without sorrow1 as all wise men should  
be4 ,the #cibg,thracians wept still when
 a child was born1 feasted and made     
mirth when any man was buried3 and so   
should we rather be glad for such as die
 well1 that they are so happily freed   

from the miseries of this life4 ,when   
,eteoneus1 that noble young ,greek1 was 
so generally lamented by his friends1   
,pindarus the poet feigns some god      
saying1 ,silete homines1 non enim miser 
est1 c4 be quiet good folks1 this young 
man is not so miserable as you think2 he
 is neither gone to ,styx nor ,acheron1 
sed gloriosus et senii expers heros1 he 
lives for ever in the ,elysian fields4  
,he now enjoys that happiness which your
 great kings so earnestly seek1 and     
wears that garland for which ye contend4
 ,if our present weakness is such1 we   
cannot moderate our passions in this    
behalf1 we must divert them by all      
means1 by doing something else1 thinking
 of another subject4 ,the ,italians most
 part sleep away care and grief1 if it  
unseasonably seize upon them1 ,danes1   
,dutchmen1 ,polanders and ,bohemians    
drink it down1 our countrymen go to     
plays3 do something or other1 let it not
 transpose thee1 or by #cibh            
premeditation make such accidents       

familiar1 as ,ulysses that wept for his 
dog1 but not for his wife1 quod paratus 
esset animo obfirmato1 7,plut4 de anim4 
tranq47 accustom thyself1 and harden    
beforehand by seeing other men's        
calamities1 and applying them to thy    
present estate2 ,praevisum est levius   
quod fuit ante malum4 ,i will conclude  
with #cibi;,epictetus1 ,if thou lovest a
 pot1 remember 'tis but a1 pot thou     
lovest1 and thou wilt not be troubled   
when 'tis broken3 if thou lovest a son  
or wife1 remember they were mortal1 and 
thou wilt not be so impatient4 ,and for 
false fears and all other fortuitous    
inconveniences1 mischances1 calamities1 
to resist and prepare ourselves1 not to 
faint is best3 #cicj,stultum est timere 
quod vitari non potest1 'tis a folly to 
fear that which cannot be avoided1 or to
 be discouraged at all4 #cica,nam       
quisquis trepidus pavet vel optat1      
,abjecit clypeum1 locoque motus ,nectit 
qua valeat trahi catenam4  ,for he that 
so faints or fears1 and yields to his   

passion1 flings away his own weapons1   
makes a cord to bind himself1 and pulls 
a beam upon his own head4  ,,memb4 ,,vi4
  ,against ,envy1 ,livor1 ,emulation1   
,hatred1 ,ambition1 ,self-love1 and all 
other ,affections4  ,against those other
 #cicbpassions and affections1 there is 
no better remedy than as mariners when  
they go to sea1 provide all things      
necessary to resist a tempest3 to       
furnish ourselves with philosophical and
 ,divine precepts1 other men's examples1
 #cicc,periculum ex aliis facere1 sibi  
quod ex usu siet3 ,to balance our hearts
 with love1 charity1 meekness1 patience1
 and counterpoise those irregular       
motions of envy1 livor1 spleen1 hatred1 
with their opposite virtues1 as we bend 
a crooked staff another way1 to oppose  
#cicdsufferance to labour1 patience to  
reproach1 bounty to covetousness1       
fortitude to pusillanimity1 meekness to 
anger1 humility to pride1 to examine    
ourselves for what cause we are so much 
disquieted1 on what ground1 what        

occasion1 is it just or feigned8 ,and   
then either to pacify ourselves by      
reason1 to divert by some other object1 
contrary passion1 or premeditation4     
#cice,meditari secum oportet quo pacto  
adversam aerumnam ferat1 ,paricla1      
damna1 exilia peregre rediens semper    
cogitet1 aut filii peccatum1 aut uxoris 
mortem1 aut morbum filiae1 communia esse
 haec3 fieri posse1 ut ne quid animo sit
 novum4 ,to make them familiar1 even all
 kind of calamities1 that when they     
happen they may be less troublesome unto
 us4 ,in secundis meditare1 quo pacto   
feras adversa3 or out of mature judgment
 to avoid the effect1 or disannul the   
cause1 as they do that are troubled with
 toothache1 pull them quite out4        
#cicf,ut vivat castor1 sibi testes      
amputat ipse2 ,tu quoque siqua nocent1  
abjice1 tutus eris4  ,the beaver bites  
off's stones to save the rest3 ,do thou 
the like with that thou art opprest4    
,or as they that play at wasters1       
exercise themselves by a few cudgels how

 to avoid an enemy's blows3 let us arm  
ourselves against all such violent      
incursions1 which may invade our minds4 
,a little experience and practice will  
inure us to it2 vetula vulpes1 as the   
proverb saith1 laqueo haud capitur1 an  
old fox is not so easily taken in a     
snare2 an old soldier in the world      
methinks should not be disquieted1 but  
ready to receive all fortunes1          
encounters1 and with that resolute      
captain1 come what may come1 to make    
answer1 #cicg------non ulla laborum ,o  
virgo nova mi facies inopinaque surgit1 
,omnia percepi atque animo mecum ante   
peregi4  ,no labour comes at unawares to
 me1 ,for ,i have long before cast what 
may be4  #cich------non hoc primum mea  
pectora vulnus ,senserunt1 graviora     
tuli------  ,the commonwealth of        
#cici,venice in their armoury have this 
inscription1 ,happy is that city which  
in time of peace thinks of war1 a fit   
motto for every man's private house2    
happy is the man that provides for a    

future assault4 ,but many times we      
complain1 repine and mutter without a   
cause1 we give way to passions we may   
resist1 and will not4 ,socrates was bad 
by nature1 envious1 as he confessed to  
,zophius the physiognomer1 accusing him 
of it1 froward and lascivious3 but as he
 was ,socrates1 he did correct and amend
 himself4 ,thou art malicious1 envious1 
covetous1 impatient1 no doubt1 and      
lascivious1 yet as thou art a           
,christian1 correct and moderate        
thyself4 ',tis something1 ,i confess1   
and able to move any man1 to see himself
 contemned1 obscure1 neglected1         
disgraced1 undervalued1 #cidjleft       
behind2 some cannot endure it1 no not   
constant ,lipsius1 a man discreet       
otherwise1 yet too weak and passionate  
in this1 as his words express1          
#cida;collegas olim1 quos ego sine      
fremitu non intueor1 nuper terrae       
filios1 nunc ,maecenates et ,agrippas   
habeo1--summo jam monte potitos4 ,but he
 was much to blame for it3 to a wise    

staid man this is nothing1 we cannot all
 be honoured and rich1 all ,caesars2 if 
we will be content1 our present state is
 good1 and in some men's opinion to be  
preferred4 ,let them go on1 get wealth1 
offices1 titles1 honours1 preferments1  
and what they will themselves1 by       
chance1 fraud1 imposture1 simony1 and   
indirect means1 as too many do1 by      
bribery1 flattery1 and parasitical      
insinuation1 by impudence and           
time-serving1 let them climb up to      
advancement in despite of virtue1 let   
them go before1 cross me on every side1 
me non offendunt modo non in1 oculos    
incurrant1 #cidb;as he said1 correcting 
his former error1 they do not offend me1
 so long as they run not into mine eyes4
 ,i am inglorious and poor1 composita   
paupertate1 but ,i live secure and      
quiet3 they are dignified1 have great   
means1 pomp1 and state1 they are        
glorious2 but what have they with it8   
#cidc;,envy1 trouble1 anxiety1 as much  
labour to maintain their place with     

credit1 as to get it at first4 ,i am    
contented with my fortunes1 spectator e 
longinquo1 and love ,neptunum procul a  
terra spectare furentem3 he is          
ambitious1 and not satisfied with his3  
but what #cidd;gets he by it8 to have   
all his life laid open1 his reproaches  
seen3 not one of a thousand but he hath 
done more worthy of dispraise and       
animadversion than commendation2 no     
better means to help this than to be    
private4 ,let them run1 ride1 strive as 
so many fishes for a crumb1 scrape1     
climb1 catch1 snatch1 cozen1 collogue1  
temporise and fleer1 take all amongst   
them1 wealth1 honour1 #cide;and get what
 they can1 it offends me not3           
#cidf------me mea tellus ,lare secreto  
tutoque tegat1  ,i am well pleased with 
my fortunes1 #cidg,vivo et regno simul  
ista relinquens4 ,i have learned in what
 state soever ,i am1 therewith to be    
contented1 ,philip1 iv #aa4 ,come what  
can come1 ,i am prepared4 ,nave ferar   
magna an parva1 ferar unus et idem4 ,i  

am the same4 ,i was once so mad to      
bustle abroad1 and seek about for       
preferment1 tire myself1 and trouble all
 my friends1 sed nihil labor tantus     
profecit nam dum alios amicorum mors    
avocat1 aliis ignotus sum1 his invisus1 
alii large promittunt1 intercedunt illi 
mecum soliciti1 hi vana spe lactant2 dum
 alios ambio1 hos capto1 illis          
innotesco1 aetas perit1 anni defluunt1  
amici fatigantur1 ego deferor1 et jam1  
mundi taesus1 humanaeque satur          
infidelitatis acquiesco4 #cidh;,and so  
,i say still2 although ,i may not deny1 
but that ,i have had some #cidi         
bountiful patrons1 and noble            
benefactors1 ne sim interim ingratus1   
and ,i do thankfully acknowledge it1 ,i 
have received some kindness1 quod ,deus 
illis beneficium rependat1 si non pro   
votis1 fortasse pro meritis1 more       
peradventure than ,i deserve1 though not
 to my desire1 more of them than ,i did 
expect1 yet not of others to my desert2 
neither am ,i ambitious or covetous1 for

 this while1 or a ,suffenus to myself2  
what ,i have said1 without prejudice or 
alteration shall stand4 ,and now as a   
mired horse that struggles at first with
 all his might and main to get out1 but 
when he sees no remedy1 that his beating
 will not serve1 lies still1 ,i have    
laboured in vain1 rest satisfied1 and if
 ,i may usurp that of #ciej,prudentius1 
,inveni portum2 spes et fortuna valete1 
,nil mihi vobiscum1 ludite nunc alios4  
,mine haven's found1 fortune and hope   
adieu1 ,mock others now1 for ,i have    
done with you4   ,,memb4 ,,vii4         
,against ,repulse1 ,abuses1 ,injuries1  
,contempts1 ,disgraces1 ,contumelies1   
,slanders1 ,scoffs1 c4  ,i may not yet  
conclude1 think to appease passions1 or 
quiet the mind1 till such time as ,i    
have likewise removed some other of     
their more eminent and ordinary causes1 
which produce so grievous tortures and  
discontents3 to divert all1 ,i cannot   
hope2 to point alone at some few of the 
chiefest1 is that which ,i aim at4      

,repulse4 ,repulse and disgrace are two 
main causes of discontent1 but to an    
understanding man not so hardly to be   
taken4 ,caesar himself hath been denied1
 #ciea;and when two stand equal in      
fortune1 birth1 and all other qualities 
alike1 one of necessity must lose4 ,why 
shouldst thou take it so grievously8 ,it
 hath a familiar thing for thee thyself 
to deny others4 ,if every man might have
 what he would1 we should all be        
deified1 emperors1 kings1 princes2 if   
whatsoever vain hope suggests1          
insatiable appetite affects1 our        
preposterous judgment thinks fit were   
granted1 we should have another chaos in
 an instant1 a mere confusion4 ,it is   
some satisfaction to him that is        
repelled1 that dignities1 honours1      
offices1 are not always given by desert 
or worth1 but for love1 affinity1       
friendship1 affection1#cieb;great men's 
letters1 or as commonly they are bought 
and sold4 #ciec;,honours in court are   
bestowed not according to men's virtues 

and good conditions 7as an old courtier 
observes71 but as every man hath means1 
or more potent friends1 so he is        
preferred4 ,with us in ,france          
7#cied;for so their own countryman      
relates7 most part the matter is carried
 by favour and grace2 he that can get a 
great man to be his mediator1 runs away 
with all the preferment4 ,indignissimus 
plerumque praefertur1 ,vatinius ,catoni1
 illaudatus laudatissimo2               
#ciee------servi dominantur2 aselli     
,ornantur phaleris1 dephalerantur equi4 
,an illiterate fool sits in a man's     
seat1 and the common people hold him    
learned1 grave and wise4 ,one professeth
 7#cief;,cardan well notes7 for a       
thousand crowns1 but he deserves not    
ten1 when as he that deserves a thousand
 cannot get ten4 ,solarium non dat      
multis salem4 ,as good horses draw in   
carts1 as coaches4 ,and oftentimes1     
which ,machiavel seconds1 #cieg         
,principes non sunt qui ob insignem     
virtutem principatu digni sunt1 he that 

is most worthy wants employment2 he that
 hath skill to be a pilot wants a ship1 
and he that could govern a commonwealth1
 a world itself1 a king in conceit1     
wants means to exercise his worth1 hath 
not a poor office to manage1 and yet all
 this while he is a better man that is  
fit to reign1 etsi careat regno1 though 
he want a kingdom1 #ciehthan he that    
hath one1 and knows not how to rule it3 
a lion serves not always his keeper1 but
 oftentimes the keeper the lion1 and as 
#ciei,polydore ,virgil hath it1 multi   
reges ut pupilli ob inscitiam non regunt
 sed reguntur4 ,hieron of ,syracuse was 
a brave king1 but wanted a kingdom2     
,perseus of ,macedon had nothing of a   
king1 but the bare name and title1 for  
he could not govern it3 so great places 
are often ill bestowed1 worthy persons  
unrespected4 ,many times1 too1 the      
servants have more means than the       
masters whom they serve1 which          
#cifj;,epictetus counts an eyesore and  
inconvenient4 ,but who can help it8 ,it 

is an ordinary thing in these days to   
see a base impudent ass1 illiterate1    
unworthy1 insufficient1 to be preferred 
before his betters1 because he can put  
himself forward1 because he looks big1  
can bustle in the world1 hath a fair    
outside1 can temporise1 collogue1       
insinuate1 or hath good store of friends
 and money1 whereas a more discreet1    
modest1 and better-deserving man shall  
lie hid or have a repulse4 ',twas so of 
old1 and ever will be1 and which        
,tiresias advised ,ulysses in the #cifa 
poet1--,accipe qua ratione queas        
ditescere1 c41 is still in use2 lie1    
flatter1 and dissemble3 if not1 as he   
concludes1--,ergo pauper eris1 then go  
like a beggar as thou art4 ,erasmus1    
,melancthon1 ,lipsius1 ,budaeus1        
,cardan1 lived and died poor4 ,gesner   
was a silly old man1 baculo innixus1    
amongst all those huffing cardinals1    
swelling bishops that flourished in his 
time1 and rode on foot-clothes4 ,it is  
not honesty1 learning1 worth1 wisdom1   

that prefers men1 ,the race is not to   
the swift1 nor the battle to the strong1
 but as the wise man said1              
#cifb;,chance1 and sometimes a          
ridiculous chance4 #cifc;,casus         
plerumque ridiculus multos elevavit4    
',tis fortune's doings1 as they say1    
which made ,brutus now dying exclaim1 ,o
 misera virtus1 ergo nihil quam verba   
eras1 atqui ego te tanquam rem          
exercebam1 sed tu serviebas fortunae4   
#cifd;,believe it hereafter1 ,o my      
friends6 virtue serves fortune4 ,yet be 
not discouraged 7,o my well deserving   
spirits7 with this which ,i have said1  
it may be otherwise1 though seldom ,i   
confess1 yet sometimes it is4 ,but to   
your farther content1 ,i'll tell you a  
#cifetale4 ,in ,maronia pia1 or ,maronia
 felix1 ,i know not whether1 nor how    
long since1 nor in what cathedral       
church1 a fat prebend fell void4 ,the   
carcass scarce cold1 many suitors were  
up in an instant4 ,the first had rich   
friends1 a good purse1 and he was       

resolved to outbid any man before he    
would lose it1 every man supposed he    
should carry it4 ,the second was my lord
 ,bishop's chaplain 7in whose gift it   
was71 and he thought it his due to have 
it4 ,the third was nobly born1 and he   
meant to get it by his great parents1   
patrons1 and allies4 ,the fourth stood  
upon his worth1 he had newly found out  
strange mysteries in chemistry1 and     
other rare inventions1 which he would   
detect to the public good4 ,the fifth   
was a painful preacher1 and he was      
commended by the whole parish where he  
dwelt1 he had all their hands to his    
certificate4 ,the sixth was the         
prebendary's son lately deceased1 his   
father died in debt 7for it1 as they    
say71 left a wife and many poor         
children4 ,the seventh stood upon fair  
promises1 which to him and his noble    
friends had been formerly made for the  
next place in his lordship's gift4 ,the 
eighth pretended great losses1 and what 
he had suffered for the church1 what    

pains he had taken at home and abroad1  
and besides he brought noblemen's       
letters4 ,the ninth had married a       
kinswoman1 and he sent his wife to sue  
for him4 ,the tenth was a foreign       
doctor1 a late convert1 and wanted      
means4 ,the eleventh would exchange for 
another1 he did not like the former's   
site1 could not agree with his          
neighbours and fellows upon any terms1  
he would be gone4 ,the twelfth and last 
was 7a suitor in conceit7 a right       
honest1 civil1 sober man1 an excellent  
scholar1 and such a one as lived private
 in the university1 but he had neither  
means nor money to compass it2 besides  
he hated all such courses1 he could not 
speak for himself1 neither had he any   
friends to solicit his cause1 and       
therefore made no suit1 could not       
expect1 neither did he hope for1 or look
 after it4 ,the good bishop amongst a   
jury of competitors thus perplexed1 and 
not yet resolved what to do1 or on whom 
to bestow it1 at the last1 of his own   

accord1 mere motion1 and bountiful      
nature1 gave it freely to the university
 student1 altogether unknown to him but 
by fame2 and to be brief1 the academical
 scholar had the prebend sent him for a 
present4 ,the news was no sooner        
published abroad1 but all good students 
rejoiced1 and were much cheered up with 
it1 though some would not believe it2   
others1 as men amazed1 said it was a    
miracle2 but one amongst the rest       
thanked ,god for it1 and said1 ,nunc    
juvat tandem studiosum esse1 et ,deo    
integro corde servire4 ,you have heard  
my tale3 but alas it is but a tale1 a   
mere fiction1 'twas never so1 never like
 to be1 and so let it rest4 ,well1 be it
 so then1 they have wealth and honour1  
fortune and preferment1 every man       
7there's no remedy7 must scramble as he 
may1 and shift as he can2 yet ,cardan   
comforted himself with this1 #ciffthe   
star ,fomahant would make him immortal1 
and that #cifg;after his decease his    
books should be found in ladies'        

studies3 #cifh;,dignum laude virum ,musa
 vetat mori4 ,but why shouldst thou take
 thy neglect1 thy canvas so to heart8   
,it may be thou art not fit2 but a      
#cifi;child that puts on his father's   
shoes1 hat1 headpiece1 breastplate1     
breeches1 or holds his spear1 but is    
neither able to wield the one1 or wear  
the other2 so wouldst thou do by such an
 office1 place1 or magistracy3 thou art 
unfit3 ,and what is dignity to an       
unworthy man1 but 7as #cigj ,salvianus  
holds7 a gold ring in a swine's snout8  
,thou art a brute4 ,like a bad actor 7so
 #ciga,plutarch compares such men in a  
tragedy1 diadema fert1 at vox non       
auditur3 ,thou wouldst play a king's    
part1 but actest a clown1 speakest like 
an ass4 #cigb,magna petis ,phaeton et   
quae non viribus istis1 c41 as ,james   
and ,john1 the sons of ,zebedee1 did ask
 they knew not what3 nescis temerarie   
nescis2 thou dost1 as another ,suffenus1
 overween thyself2 thou art wise in     
thine own conceit1 but in other more    

mature judgment altogether unfit to     
manage such a business4 ,or be it thou  
art more deserving than any of thy rank1
 ,god in his providence hath reserved   
thee for some other fortunes1 sic       
superis visum4 ,thou art humble as thou 
art1 it may be2 hadst thou been         
preferred1 thou wouldst have forgotten  
,god and thyself1 insulted over others1 
contemned thy friends1 #cigc;been a     
block1 a tyrant1 or a demigod1          
sequiturque superbia formam3            
#cigd,therefore1 saith ,chrysostom1 good
 men do not always find grace and       
favour1 lest they should be puffed up   
with turgent titles1 grow insolent and  
proud4 ,injuries1 abuses1 are very      
offensive1 and so much the more in that 
they think veterem ferendo invitant     
novam1 by taking one they provoke       
another3 but it is an erroneous opinion1
 for if that were true1 there would be  
no end of abusing each other2 lis litem 
generat2 'tis much better with patience 
to bear1 or quietly to put it up4 ,if an

 ass kick me1 saith ,socrates1 shall ,i 
strike him again8 ,and when #cige;his   
wife ,xantippe struck and misused him1  
to some friends that would have had him 
strike her again1 he replied1 that he   
would not make them sport1 or that they 
should stand by and say1 ,eia ,socrates1
 eia ,xantippe1 as we do when dogs      
fight1 animate them the more by clapping
 of hands4 ,many men spend themselves1  
their goods1 friends1 fortunes1 upon    
small quarrels1 and sometimes at other  
men's procurements1 with much vexation  
of spirit and anguish of mind1 all which
 with good advice1 or mediation of      
friends1 might have been happily        
composed1 or if patience had taken      
place4 ,patience in such cases is a most
 sovereign remedy1 to put up1 conceal1  
or dissemble it1 to #cigf;forget and    
forgive1 #ciggnot seven1 but            
seventy-seven times1 as often as he     
repents forgive him2 ,luke xvii4 #c4 as 
our ,saviour enjoins us1 stricken1 to   
turn the other side3 as our             

#cigh;,apostle persuades us1 to         
recompense no man evil for evil1 but as 
much as is possible to have peace with  
all men3 not to avenge ourselves1 and we
 shall heap burning coals upon our      
adversary's head4 ,for #cigi;if you put 
up wrong 7as ,chrysostom comments71 you 
get the victory2 he that loseth his     
money1 loseth not the conquest in this  
our philosophy4 ,if he contend with     
thee1 submit thyself unto him first1    
yield to him4 ,durum et durum non       
faciunt murum1 as the diverb is1 two    
refractory spirits will never agree1 the
 only means to overcome is to relent1   
obsequio vinces4 ,euclid in ,plutarch1  
when his brother had angered him1 swore 
he would be revenged2 but he gently     
replied1 #cihj,let me not live if ,i do 
not make thee to love me again1 upon    
which meek answer he was pacified4      
#ciha;,flectitur obsequio curvatus ab   
arbore ramus1 ,frangis si vires experire
 tuas4  ,a branch if easily bended      
yields to thee1 ,pull hard it breaks3   

the difference you see4  ,the noble     
family of the ,colonni in ,rome1 when   
they were expelled the city by that     
furious ,alexander the ,sixth1 gave the 
bending branch therefore as an impress1 
with this motto1 ,flecti potest1 frangi 
non potest1 to signify that he might    
break them by force1 but so never make  
them stoop1 for they fled in the midst  
of their hard usage to the kingdom of   
,naples1 and were honourably entertained
 by ,frederick the king1 according to   
their callings4 ,gentleness in this case
 might have done much more1 and let     
thine adversary be never so perverse1 it
 may be by that means thou mayst win    
him2 #cihb favore et benevolentia etiam 
immanis animus mansuescit1 soft words   
pacify wrath1 and the fiercest spirits  
are so soonest overcome2 #cihc;a        
generous lion will not hurt a beast that
 lies prostrate1 nor an elephant an     
innocuous creature1 but is infestus     
infestis1 a terror and scourge alone to 
such as are stubborn1 and make          

resistance4 ,it was the symbol of       
,emanuel ,philibert1 ,duke of ,savoy1   
and he was not mistaken in it1 for      
#cihd,quo quisque est major1 magis est  
placabilis irae1 ,et faciles motus mens 
generosa capit4  ,a greater man is      
soonest pacified1 ,a noble spirit       
quickly satisfied4  ,it is reported by  
#cihe;,gualter ,mapes1 an old           
historiographer of ours 7who lived #djj 
years since71 that ,king ,edward senior1
 and ,llewellyn prince of ,wales1 being 
at an interview near ,aust upon ,severn1
 in ,gloucestershire1 and the prince    
sent for1 refused to come to the king2  
he would needs go over to him2 which    
,llewellyn perceiving1 #cihfwent up to  
the arms in water1 and embracing his    
boat1 would have carried him out upon   
his shoulders1 adding that his humility 
and wisdom had triumphed over his pride 
and folly1 and thereupon he was         
reconciled unto him and did his homage4 
,if thou canst not so win him1 put it   
up1 if thou beest a true ,christian1 a  

good divine1 an imitator of ,christ1    
#cihg7;for he was reviled and put it up1
 whipped and sought no revenge17 thou   
wilt pray for thine enemies1 #cihh;and  
bless them that persecute thee2 be      
patient1 meek1 humble1 c4 ,an honest man
 will not offer thee injury1 probus non 
vult2 if he were a brangling knave1 'tis
 his fashion so to do2 where is least   
heart is most tongue2 quo quisque       
stultior1 eo magis insolescit1 the more 
sottish he is1 still the more insolent3 
#cihi;,do not answer a fool according to
 his folly4 ,if he be thy superior1     
#ciij;bear it by all means1 grieve not  
at it1 let him take his course2 ,anitus 
and ,melitus #ciiamay kill me1 they     
cannot hurt me2 as that generous        
,socrates made answer in like case4     
,mens immota manet1 though the body be  
torn in pieces with wild horses1 broken 
on the wheel1 pinched with fiery tongs1 
the soul cannot be distracted4 ',tis an 
ordinary thing for great men to vilify  
and insult1 oppress1 injure1 tyrannise1 

to take what liberty they list1 and who 
dare speak against8 ,miserum est ab eo  
laedi1 a quo non possis queri1 a        
miserable thing 'tis to be injured of   
him1 from whom is no appeal3 #ciib;and  
not safe to write against him that can  
proscribe and punish a man at his       
pleasure1 which ,asinius ,pollio was    
aware of1 when ,octavianus provoked him4
 ',tis hard ,i confess to be so injured3
 one of ,chilo's three difficult things3
 #ciic,to keep counsel2 spend his time  
well2 put up injuries3 but be thou      
patient1 and #ciidleave revenge unto the
 ,lord4 #ciie,vengeance is mine and ,i  
will repay1 saith the ,lord--,i know the
 ,lord1 saith #ciif;,david1 will avenge 
the afflicted and judge the poor4--,no  
man 7as #ciig,plato farther adds7 can so
 severely punish his adversary1 as ,god 
will such as oppress miserable men4     
#ciih;,iterum ille rem judicatam        
judicat1 ,majoreque mulcta mulctat4  ,if
 there be any religion1 any ,god1 and   
that ,god be just1 it shall be so2 if   

thou believest the one1 believe the     
other3 ,erit1 erit1 it shall be so4     
,nemesis comes after1 sero sed serio1   
stay but a little and thou shalt see    
,god's just judgment overtake him4      
#ciii,raro antecedentem scelestum       
,deseruit pede poena claudo4  ,yet with 
sure steps1 though lame and slow1       
,vengeance o'ertakes the trembling      
villain's speed4  ,thou shalt perceive  
that verified of ,samuel to ,agag1 #a   
,sam4 xv4 #cc4 ,thy sword hath made many
 women childless1 so shall thy mother be
 childless amongst other women4 ,it     
shall be done to them as they have done 
to others4 ,conradinus1 that brave      
,suevian prince1 came with a            
well-prepared army into the kingdom of  
,naples1 was taken prisoner by king     
,charles1 and put to death in the flower
 of his youth2 a little after 7ultionem 
,conradini mortis1 ,pandulphus          
,collinutius ,hist4 ,neap4 lib4 #e4     
calls it71 ,king ,charles's own son1    
with two hundred nobles1 was so taken   

prisoner1 and beheaded in like sort4    
,not in this only1 but in all other     
offences1 quo quisque peccat in eo      
punietur1 #djjjthey shall be punished in
 the same kind1 in the same part1 like  
nature1 eye with or in the eye1 head    
with or in the head1 persecution with   
persecution1 lust with effects of lust2 
let them march on with ensigns          
displayed1 let drums beat on1 trumpets  
sound taratantarra1 let them sack       
cities1 take the spoil of countries1    
murder infants1 deflower virgins1       
destroy1 burn1 persecute1 and tyrannise1
 they shall be fully rewarded at last in
 the same measure1 they and theirs1 and 
that to their desert4 #djja;,ad generum 
,cereris sine caede et sanguine pauci   
,descendunt reges et sicca morte        
tyranni4  ,few tyrants in their beds do 
die1 ,but stabb'd or maim'd to hell they
 hie4  ,oftentimes too a base           
contemptible fellow is the instrument of
 ,god's justice to punish1 to torture1  
and vex them1 as an ichneumon doth a    

crocodile4 ,they shall be recompensed   
according to the works of their hands1  
as ,haman was hanged on the gallows he  
provided for ,mordecai2 ,they shall have
 sorrow of heart1 and be destroyed from 
under the heaven1 ,thre4 iii4 #fd1 #fe1 
#ff4 ,only be thou patient3 #djjbvincit 
qui patitur3 and in the end thou shalt  
be crowned4 ,yea1 but 'tis a hard matter
 to do this1 flesh and blood may not    
abide it2 'tis grave1 grave6 no         
7,chrysostom replies7 non est grave1 o  
homo6 'tis not so grievous1 #djjcneither
 had ,god commanded it1 if it had been  
so difficult4 ,but how shall it be done8
 ,easily1 as he follows it1 if thou     
shalt look to heaven1 behold the beauty 
of it1 and what ,god hath promised to   
such as put up injuries4 ,but if thou   
resist and go about vim vi repellere1 as
 the custom of the world is1 to right   
thyself1 or hast given just cause of    
offence1 'tis no injury then but a      
condign punishment2 thou hast deserved  
as much3 ,a te principium1 in te        

recredit crimen quod a te fuit2         
peccasti1 quiesce1 as ,ambrose          
expostulates with ,cain1 lib4 #c4 de    
,abel et ,cain4 #djjd;,dionysius of     
,syracuse1 in his exile1 was made to    
stand without door1 patienter ferendum1 
fortasse nos tale quid fecimus1 quum in 
honore essemus1 he wisely put it up1 and
 laid the fault where it was1 on his own
 pride and scorn1 which in his          
prosperity he had formerly showed       
others4 ',tis #djje ,tully's axiom1     
ferre ea molestissime homines non       
debent1 quae ipsorum culpa contracta    
sunt1 self do1 self have1 as the saying 
is1 they may thank themselves4 ,for he  
that doth wrong must look to be wronged 
again2 habet et musca splenem1 et       
formicae sua bills inest4 ,the least fly
 hath a spleen1 and a little bee a      
sting4 #djjf;,an ass overwhelmed a      
thistlewarp's nest1 the little bird     
pecked his galled back in revenge2 and  
the humble-bee in the fable flung down  
the eagle's eggs out of ,jupiter's lap4 

,bracides1 in ,plutarch1 put his hand   
into a mouse's nest and hurt her young  
ones1 she bit him by the finger3        
#djjg;,i see now 7saith he7 there is no 
creature so contemptible1 that will not 
be revenged4 ',tis lex talionis1 and the
 nature of all things so to do3 if thou 
wilt live quietly thyself1 #djjh;do no  
wrong to others2 if any be done thee1   
put it up1 with patience endure it1 for 
#djjithis is thankworthy1 saith our     
apostle1 if any man for conscience      
towards ,god endure grief1 and suffer   
wrong undeserved2 for what praise is it1
 if when ye be buffeted for you faults1 
ye take it patiently8 ,but if when you  
do well1 ye suffer wrong1 and take it   
patiently1 there is thanks with ,god2   
for hereunto verily we are called4 ,qui 
mala non fert1 ipse sibi testis est per 
impatientiam quod bonus non est1 he that
 cannot bear injuries1 witnesseth       
against himself that he is no good man1 
as ,gregory holds4 #djaj',tis the nature
 of wicked men to do injuries1 as it is 

the property of all honest men patiently
 to bear them4 ,improbitas nullo        
flectitur obsequio4 ,the wolf in the    
#djaa;emblem sucked the goat 7so the    
shepherd would have it71 but he kept    
nevertheless a wolf's nature2 #djab;a   
knave will be a knave4 ,injury is on the
 other side a good man's footboy1 his   
fidus ,acliates1 and as a lackey follows
 him wheresoever he goes4 ,besides1     
misera est fortuna quae caret inimico1  
he is in a miserable estate that wants  
enemies3 #djac;it is a thing not to be  
avoided1 and therefore with more        
patience to be endured4 ,cato           
,censorius1 that upright ,cato of whom  
,paterculus gives that honourable       
eulogium1 bene fecit quod aliter facere 
non potuit1 was #djad;fifty times       
indicted and accused by his fellow      
citizens1 and as #djae;,ammianus well   
hath it1 ,quis erit innocens si clam vel
 palam accusasse sufficiat8 if it be    
sufficient to accuse a man openly or in 
private1 who shall be free8 ,if there   

were no other respect than that of      
,christianity1 religion and the like1 to
 induce men to be long-suffering and    
patient1 yet methinks the nature of     
injury itself is sufficient to keep them
 quiet1 the tumults1 uproars1 miseries1 
discontents1 anguish1 loss1 dangers that
 attend upon it might restrain the      
calamities of contention3 for as it is  
with ordinary gamesters1 the gains go to
 the box1 so falls it out to such as    
contend2 the lawyers get all2 and       
therefore if they would consider of it1 
aliena pericula cantos1 other men's     
misfortunes in this kind1 and common    
experience might detain them4 #djaf,the 
more they contend1 the more they are    
involved in a labyrinth of woes1 and the
 catastrophe is to consume one another1 
like the elephant and dragon's conflict 
in ,pliny2 #djagthe dragon got under the
 elephant's belly1 and sucked his blood 
so long1 till he fell down dead upon the
 dragon1 and killed him with the fall1  
so both were ruined4 ',tis a hydra's    

head1 contention2 the more they strive1 
the more they may3 and as ,praxiteles   
did by his glass1 when he saw a scurvy  
face in it1 brake it in pieces3 but for 
that one he saw many more as bad in a   
moment3 for one injury done they provoke
 another cum foenore1 and twenty enemies
 for one4 ,noli irritare crabrones1     
oppose not thyself to a multitude3 but  
if thou hast received a wrong1 wisely   
consider of it1 and if thou canst       
possibly1 compose thyself with patience 
to bear it4 ,this is the safest course1 
and thou shalt find greatest ease to be 
quiet4 #djah;,i say the same of scoffs1 
slanders1 contumelies1 obloquies1       
defamations1 detractions1 pasquilling   
libels1 and the like1 which may tend any
 way to our disgrace3 'tis but opinion2 
if we could neglect1 contemn1 or with   
patience digest them1 they would reflect
 on them that offered them at first4 ,a 
wise citizen1 ,i know not whence1 had a 
scold to his wife3 when she brawled1 he 
played on his drum1 and by that means   

madded her more1 because she saw that he
 would not be moved4 ,diogenes in a     
crowd when one called him back1 and told
 him how the boys laughed him to scorn1 
,ego1 inquit1 non rideor1 took no notice
 of it4 ,socrates was brought upon the  
stage by ,aristophanes1 and misused to  
his face1 but he laughed as if it       
concerned him not3 and as ,aelian       
relates of him1 whatsoever good or bad  
accident or fortune befel him going in  
or coming out1 ,socrates still kept the 
same countenance2 even so should a      
,christian do1 as ,hierom describes him1
 per infamiam et bonam famam grassari ad
 immortalitatem1 march on through good  
and bad reports to immortality1 #djainot
 to be moved3 for honesty is a          
sufficient reward1 probitas sibi1       
praemium2 and in our times the sole     
recompense to do well1 is1 to do well3  
but naughtiness will punish itself at   
last1 #djbj;,improbis ipsa nequitia     
supplicium4 ,as the diverb is1 ,qui bene
 fecerunt1 illi sua facta sequentur2    

,qui male fecerunt1 facta sequentur eos3
  ,they that do well1 shall have reward 
at last3 ,but they that ill1 shall      
suffer for that's past4  ,yea1 but ,i am
 ashamed1 disgraced1 dishonoured1       
degraded1 exploded3 my notorious crimes 
and villainies are come to light        
7deprendi miserum est71 my filthy lust1 
abominable oppression and avarice lies  
open1 my good name's lost1 my fortune's 
gone1 ,i have been stigmatised1 whipped 
at post1 arraigned and condemned1 ,i am 
a common obloquy1 ,i have lost my ears1 
odious1 execrable1 abhorred of ,god and 
men4 ,be content1 'tis but a nine days' 
wonder1 and as one sorrow drives out    
another1 one passion another1 one cloud 
another1 one rumour is expelled by      
another2 every day almost1 come new news
 unto our ears1 as how the sun was      
eclipsed1 meteors seen in the air1      
monsters born1 prodigies1 how the ,turks
 were overthrown in ,persia1 an         
earthquake in ,helvetia1 ,calabria1     
,japan1 or ,china1 an inundation in     

,holland1 a great plague in             
,constantinople1 a fire at ,prague1 a   
dearth in ,germany1 such a man is made a
 lord1 a bishop1 another hanged1        
deposed1 pressed to death1 for some     
murder1 treason1 rape1 theft1           
oppression1 all which we do hear at     
first with a kind of admiration1        
detestation1 consternation1 but by and  
by they are buried in silence3 thy      
father's dead1 thy brother robbed1 wife 
runs mad1 neighbour hath killed himself2
 'tis heavy1 ghastly1 fearful news at   
first1 in every man's mouth1 table talk2
 but after a while who speaks or thinks 
of it8 ,it will be so with thee and     
thine offence1 it will be forgotten in  
an instant1 be it theft1 rape1 sodomy1  
murder1 incest1 treason1 c41 thou art   
not the first offender1 nor shalt not be
 the last1 'tis no wonder1 every hour   
such malefactors are called in question1
 nothing so common1 ,quocunque in       
populo1 quocunque sub axe8              
#djba;,comfort thyself1 thou art not the

 sole man4 ,if he that were guiltless   
himself should fling the first stone at 
thee1 and he alone should accuse thee   
that were faultless1 how many           
executioners1 how many accusers wouldst 
thou have8 ,if every man's sins were    
written in his forehead1 and secret     
faults known1 how many thousands would  
parallel1 if not exceed thine offence8  
,it may be the judge that gave sentence1
 the jury that condemned thee1 the      
spectators that gazed on thee1 deserved 
much more1 and were far more guilty than
 thou thyself4 ,but it is thine         
infelicity to be taken1 to be made a    
public example of justice1 to be a      
terror to the rest2 yet should every man
 have his desert1 thou wouldst          
peradventure be a saint in comparison2  
vexat censura columbas1 poor souls are  
punished2 the great ones do twenty      
thousand times worse1 and are not so    
much as spoken of4 #djbb,non rete       
accipitri tenditur neque milvio1 ,qui   
male faciunt nobis2 illis qui nil       

faciunt tenditur4  ,the net's not laid  
for kites or birds of prey1 ,but for the
 harmless still our gins we lay4  ,be   
not dismayed then1 humanum est errare1  
we are all sinners1 daily and hourly    
subject to temptations1 the best of us  
is a hypocrite1 a grievous offender in  
,god's sight1 ,noah1 ,lot1 ,david1      
,peter1 c41 how many mortal sins do we  
commit8 ,shall ,i say1 be penitent1 ask 
forgiveness1 and make amends by the     
sequel of thy life1 for that foul       
offence thou hast committed8 recover thy
 credit by some noble exploit1 as       
,themistocles did1 for he was a most    
debauched and vicious youth1 sed        
juventae maculas praeclaris factis      
delevit1 but made the world amends by   
brave exploits2 at last become a new    
man1 and seek to be reformed4 ,he that  
runs away in a battle1 as ,demosthenes  
said1 may fight again2 and he that hath 
a fall may stand as upright as ever he  
did before4 ,nemo desperet meliora      
lapsus1 a wicked liver may be reclaimed1

 and prove an honest man2 he that is    
odious in present1 hissed out1 an exile1
 may be received again with all men's   
favours1 and singular applause2 so      
,tully was in ,rome1 ,alcibiades in     
,athens4 ,let thy disgrace then be what 
it will1 quod fit1 infectum non potest  
esse1 that which is past cannot be      
recalled2 trouble not thyself1 vex and  
grieve thyself no more1 be it obloquy1  
disgrace1 c4 ,no better way1 than to    
neglect1 contemn1 or seem not to regard 
it1 to make no reckoning of it1 ,deesse 
robur arguit dicacitas3 if thou be      
guiltless it concerns thee not3         
#djbc;,irrita vaniloquae quid curas     
spicula linguae1 ,latrantem curatne alta
 ,diana canem8  ,doth the moon care for 
the barking of a dog8 ,they detract1    
scoff and rail1 saith one1 #djbd;and    
bark at me on every side1 but ,i1 like  
that ,albanian dog sometimes given to   
,alexander for a present1 vindico me ab 
illis solo contemptu1 ,i lie still and  
sleep1 vindicate myself by contempt     

alone4 #djbe;,expers terroris ,achilles 
armatus3 as a tortoise in his shell1    
#djbfvirtute mea me involvo1 or an      
urchin round1 nil moror ictus #djbg;a   
lizard in camomile1 ,i decline their    
fury and am safe4 ,integritas virtusque 
suo munimine tuta1 ,non patet adversae  
morsibus invidiae3  ,virtue and         
integrity are their own fence1 ,care not
 for envy or what comes from thence4    
,let them rail then1 scoff1 and slander1
 sapiens contumelia non afficitur1 a    
wise man1 ,seneca thinks1 is not moved1 
because he knows1 contra ,sycophantae   
morsum non est remedium1 there is no    
remedy for it3 kings and princes1 wise1 
grave1 prudent1 holy1 good men1 divine1 
are all so served alike4 #djbh,o ,jane a
 tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit1       
,antevorta and ,postvorta1 ,jupiter's   
guardians1 may not help in this case1   
they cannot protect2 ,moses had a       
,dathan1 a ,corath1 ,david a ,shimei1   
,god himself is blasphemed3 nondum felix
 es si te nondum turba deridet4 ,it is  

an ordinary thing so to be misused4     
#djbi,regium est cum bene faceris male  
audire1 the chiefest men and most       
understanding are so vilified2 let him  
take his #djcj;course4 ,and as that     
lusty courser in ,aesop1 that contemned 
the poor ass1 came by and by after with 
his bowels burst1 a pack on his back1   
and was derided of the same ass3        
contemnentur ab iis quos ipsi prius     
contempsere1 et irridebuntur ab iis quos
 ipsi prius irrisere1 they shall be     
contemned and laughed to scorn of those 
whom they have formerly derided4 ,let   
them contemn1 defame1 or undervalue1    
insult1 oppress1 scoff1 slander1 abuse1 
wrong1 curse and swear1 feign and lie1  
do thou comfort thyself with a good     
conscience1 in sinu gaudeas1 when they  
have all done1 #djca;a good conscience  
is a continual feast1 innocency will    
vindicate itself3 and which the poet    
gave out of ,hercules1 diis fruitur     
iratis1 enjoy thyself1 though all the   
world be set against thee1 contemn and  

say with him1 ,elogium mihi prae1       
foribus1 my posy is1 not to be moved1   
that #djcbmy palladium1 my breastplate1 
my buckler1 with which ,i ward all      
injuries1 offences1 lies1 slanders2 ,i  
lean upon that stake of modesty1 so     
receive and break asunder all that      
foolish force of liver and spleen4 ,and 
whosoever he is that shall observe these
 short instructions1 without all        
question he shall much ease and benefit 
himself4 ,in fine1 if princes would do  
justice1 judges be upright1 clergymen   
truly devout1 and so live as they teach1
 if great men would not be so insolent1 
if soldiers would quietly defend us1 the
 poor would be patient1 rich men4 would 
be liberal and humble1 citizens honest1 
magistrates meek1 superiors would give  
good example1 subjects peaceable1 young 
men would stand in awe3 if parents would
 be kind to their children1 and they    
again obedient to their parents1        
brethren agree amongst themselves1      
enemies be reconciled1 servants trusty  

to their masters1 virgins chaste1 wives 
modest1 husbands would be loving and    
less jealous3 if we could imitate       
,christ and his apostles1 live after    
,god's laws1 these mischiefs would not  
so frequently happen amongst us2 but    
being most part so irreconcilable as we 
are1 perverse1 proud1 insolent1         
factious1 and malicious1 prone to       
contention1 anger and revenge1 of such  
fiery spirits1 so captious1 impious1    
irreligious1 so opposite to virtue1 void
 of grace1 how should it otherwise be8  
,many men are very testy by nature1 apt 
to mistake1 apt to quarrel1 apt to      
provoke and misinterpret to the worst1  
everything that is said or done1 and    
thereupon heap unto themselves a great  
deal of trouble1 and disquietness to    
others1 smatterers in other men's       
matters1 tale-bearers1 whisperers1      
liars1 they cannot speak in season1 or  
hold their tongues when they should1    
#djcc;,et suam partem itidem tacere cum 
aliena est oratio3 they will speak more 

than comes to their shares1 in all      
companies1 and by those bad courses     
accumulate much evil to their own souls 
7qui contendit1 sibi convicium facit7   
their life is a perpetual brawl1 they   
snarl like so many dogs1 with their     
wives1 children1 servants1 neighbours1  
and all the rest of their friends1 they 
can agree with nobody4 ,but to such as  
are judicious1 meek1 submissive1 and    
quiet1 these matters are easily         
remedied3 they will forbear upon all    
such occasions1 neglect1 contemn1 or    
take no notice of them1 dissemble1 or   
wisely turn it off4 ,if it be a natural 
impediment1 as a red nose1 squint eyes1 
crooked legs1 or any such imperfection1 
infirmity1 disgrace1 reproach1 the best 
way is to speak of it first thyself1    
#djcd;and so thou shalt surely take away
 all occasions from others to jest at1  
or contemn1 that they may perceive thee 
to be careless of it4 ,vatinius was wont
 to scoff at his own deformed feet1 to  
prevent his enemies' obloquies and      

sarcasms in that kind2 or else by       
prevention1 as ,cotys1 king of ,thrace1 
that brake a company of fine glasses    
presented to him1 with his own hands1   
lest he should be overmuch moved when   
they were broken by chance4 ,and        
sometimes again1 so that it be          
discreetly and moderately done1 it shall
 not be amiss to make resistance1 to    
take down such a saucy companion1 no    
better means to vindicate himself to    
purchase final peace3 for he that       
suffers himself to be ridden1 or through
 pusillanimity or sottishness will let  
every man baffle him1 shall be a common 
laughing stock to flout at4 ,as a cur   
that goes through a village1 if he clap 
his tail between his legs1 and run away1
 every cur will insult over him3 but if 
he bristle up himself1 and stand to it1 
give but a counter-snarl1 there's not a 
dog dares meddle with him3 much is in a 
man's courage and discreet carriage of  
himself4 ,many other grievances there   
are1 which happen to mortals in this    

life1 from friends1 wives1 children1    
servants1 masters1 companions1          
neighbours1 our own defaults1 ignorance1
 errors1 intemperance1 indiscretion1    
infirmities1 c41 and many good remedies 
to mitigate and oppose them1 many divine
 precepts to counterpoise our hearts1   
special antidotes both in ,scriptures   
and human authors1 which1 whoso will    
observe1 shall purchase much ease and   
quietness unto himself3 ,i will point   
out a few4 ,those prophetical1          
apostolical admonitions are well known  
to all2 what ,solomon1 ,siracides1 our  
,saviour ,christ himself hath said      
tending to this purpose1 as fear ,god3  
obey the prince3 be sober and watch3    
pray continually3 be angry but sin not3 
remember thy last3 fashion not          
yourselves to this world1 c41 apply     
yourselves to the times3 strive not with
 a mighty man3 recompense good for evil1
 let nothing be done through contention 
or vainglory1 but with meekness of mind1
 every man esteeming of others better   

than himself3 love one another2 or that 
epitome of the law and the prophets1    
which our ,saviour inculcates1 love ,god
 above all1 thy neighbour as thyself3   
and whatsoever you would that men should
 do unto you1 so do unto them1 which    
,alexander ,severus writ in letters of  
gold1 and used as a motto1 #djce ,hierom
 commends to ,celantia as an excellent  
way1 amongst so many enticements and    
worldly provocations1 to rectify her    
life4 ,out of human authors take these  
few cautions1 #djcfknow thyself4        
#djcg;,be contented with thy lot4       
#djch,trust not wealth1 beauty1 nor     
parasites1 they will bring thee to      
destruction4 #djci;,have peace with all 
men1 war with vice4 #djdj;,be not idle4 
#djda,look before you leap4             
#djdb;,beware of 'had ,i wist4'         
#djdc;,honour thy parents1 speak well of
 friends4 ,be temperate in four things1 
lingua1 locis1 oculis1 et poculis4      
,watch thine eye4#djdd ,moderate thine  
expenses4 ,hear much1 speak little1     

#djdesustine et abstine4 ,if thou seest 
ought amiss in another1 mend it in      
thyself4 ,keep thine own counsel1 reveal
 not thy secrets1 be silent in thine    
intentions4 #djdf;,give not ear to      
tale-tellers1 babblers1 be not          
scurrilous in conversation3 #djdg;jest  
without bitterness3 give no man cause of
 offence3 set thine house in order3     
#djdhtake heed of suretyship4           
#djdi;,fide et diffide1 as a fox on the 
ice1 take heed whom you trust4          
#djej,live not beyond thy means4        
#djea;,give cheerfully4 ,pay thy dues   
willingly4 ,be not a slave to thy money2
 #djebomit not occasion1 embrace        
opportunity1 lose no time4 ,be humble to
 thy superiors1 respective to thine     
equals1 affable to all1 #djec;but not   
familiar4 ,flatter no man4 #djed,lie    
not1 dissemble not4 ,keep thy word and  
promise1 be constant in a good          
resolution4 ,speak truth4 ,be not       
opiniative1 maintain no factions4 ,lay  
no wagers1 make no comparisons4         

#djee;,find no faults1 meddle not with  
other men's matters4 ,admire not        
thyself4 #djef;,be not proud or popular4
 ,insult not4 ,fortunam reverentur habe4
 #djeg;,fear not that which cannot be   
avoided4 #djeh ,grieve not for that     
which cannot be recalled4               
#djei,undervalue not thyself4           
#djfj;,accuse no man1 commend no man    
rashly4 ,go not to law without great    
cause4 ,strive not with a greater man4  
,cast not off an old friend1 take heed  
of a reconciled enemy4 #djfa;,if thou   
come as a guest stay not too long4 ,be  
not unthankful4 ,be meek1 merciful1 and 
patient4 ,do good to all4 ,be not fond  
of fair words4 #djfb;,be not a neuter in
 a faction2 moderate thy passions4      
#djfc,think no place without a witness4 
#djfd ,admonish thy friend in secret1   
commend him in public4 ,keep good       
company4 #djfe,love others to be beloved
 thyself4 ,ama tanquam osurus4 ,amicus  
tardo fias4 ,provide for a tempest4     
,noli irritare crabrones4 ,do not       

prostitute thy soul for gain4 ,make not 
a fool of thyself to make others merry4 
,marry not an old crony or a fool for   
money4 ,be not over solicitous or       
curious4 ,seek that which may be found4 
,seem not greater than thou art4 ,take  
thy pleasure soberly4 ,ocymum ne terito4
 #djff,live merrily as thou canst4      
#djfg,take heed by other men's examples4
 ,go as thou wouldst be met1 sit as thou
 wouldst be found1 #djfhyield to the    
time1 follow the stream4 ,wilt thou live
 free from fears and cares8 #djfi,live  
innocently1 keep thyself upright1 thou  
needest no other keeper1 c4 ,look for   
more in ,isocrates1 ,seneca1 ,plutarch1 
,epictetus1 c41 and for defect1 consult 
with cheese-trenchers and painted       
cloths4  ,,memb4 ,,viii4  ,against      
,melancholy itself4  ,every man1 saith  
#djgj,seneca1 thinks his own burthen the
 heaviest1 and a melancholy man above   
all others complains most2 weariness of 
life1 abhorring all company and light1  
fear1 sorrow1 suspicion1 anguish of     

mind1 bashfulness1 and those other dread
 symptoms of body and mind1 must needs  
aggravate this misery2 yet compared to  
other maladies1 they are not so heinous 
as they be taken4 ,for first this       
disease is either in habit or           
disposition1 curable or incurable4 ,if  
new and in disposition1 'tis commonly   
pleasant1 and it may be helped4 ,if     
inveterate1 or a habit1 yet they have   
lucida intervalla1 sometimes well1 and  
sometimes ill2 or if more continuate1 as
 the #djga,vejentes were to the ,romans1
 'tis hostis magis assiduus quam gravis1
 a more durable enemy than dangerous3   
and amongst many inconveniences1 some   
comforts are annexed to it4 ,first it is
 not catching1 and as ,erasmus comforted
 himself1 when he was grievously sick of
 the stone1 though it was most          
troublesome1 and an intolerable pain to 
him1 yet it was no whit offensive to    
others1 not loathsome to the spectators1
 ghastly1 fulsome1 terrible1 as plagues1
 apoplexies1 leprosies1 wounds1 sores1  

tetters1 pox1 pestilent agues are1 which
 either admit of no company1 terrify or 
offend those that are present4 ,in this 
malady1 that which is1 is wholly to     
themselves3 and those symptoms not so   
dreadful1 if they be compared to the    
opposite extremes4 ,they are most part  
bashful1 suspicious1 solitary1 c41      
therefore no such ambitious1 impudent   
intruders as some are1 no sharkers1 no  
cony-catchers1 no prowlers1 no          
smell-feasts1 praters1 panders1         
parasites1 bawds1 drunkards1            
whoremasters2 necessity and defect      
compel them to be honest2 as ,mitio told
 ,demea in the #djgb;comedy1 ,haec si   
neque ego neque tu fecimus1 ,non sinit  
egestas facere nos4  ,if we be honest   
'twas poverty made us so3 if we         
melancholy men be not as bad as he that 
is worst1 'tis our dame melancholy kept 
us so3 ,non deerat voluntas sed         
facultas4 #djgc ,besides they are freed 
in this from many other infirmities1    
solitariness makes them more apt to     

contemplate1 suspicion wary1 which is a 
necessary humour in these times1        
#djgd,nam pol que maxime cavet1 is saepe
 cautor captus est1 he that takes most  
heed1 is often circumvented1 and        
overtaken4 ,fear and sorrow keep them   
temperate and sober1 and free them from 
any dissolute acts1 which jollity and   
boldness thrust men upon3 they are      
therefore no sicarii1 roaring boys1     
thieves or assassins4 ,as they are soon 
dejected1 so they are as soon1 by soft  
words and good persuasions1 reared4     
,wearisomeness of life makes them they  
are not so besotted on the transitory   
vain pleasures of the world4 ,if they   
dote in one thing1 they are wise and    
well understanding in most other4 ,if it
 be inveterate1 they are insensati1 most
 part doting1 or quite mad1 insensible  
of any wrongs1 ridiculous to others1 but
 most happy and secure to themselves4   
,dotage is a state which many much      
magnify and commend3 so is simplicity1  
and folly1 as he said1 #djgesic hic     

furor o superi1 sit mihi perpetuus4     
,some think fools and dizzards live the 
merriest lives1 as ,ajax in ,sophocles1 
,nihil scire vita jucundissima1 'tis the
 pleasantest life to know nothing2 iners
 malorum remedium ignorantia1 ignorance 
is a downright remedy of evils4 ,these  
curious arts and laborious sciences1    
,galen's1 ,tully's1 ,aristotle's1       
,justinian's1 do but trouble the world  
some think2 we might live better with   
that illiterate ,virginian simplicity1  
and gross ignorance2 entire idiots do   
best1 they are not macerated with cares1
 tormented with fears1 and anxiety1 as  
other wise men are3 for as #djgf;he     
said1 if folly were a pain1 you should  
hear them howl1 roar1 and cry out in    
every house1 as you go by in the street1
 but they are most free1 jocund1 and    
merry1 and in some #djgg;countries1 as  
amongst the ,turks1 honoured for saints1
 and abundantly maintained out of the   
common stock4 #djgh,they are no         
dissemblers1 liars1 hypocrites1 for     

fools and madmen tell commonly truth4   
,in a word1 as they are distressed1 so  
are they pitied1 which some hold better 
than to be envied1 better to be sad than
 merry1 better to be foolish and quiet1 
quam sapere et ringi1 to be wise and    
still vexed2 better to be miserable than
 happy3 of two extremes it is the best4 
,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4   
,i4--,of ,physic which cureth with      
,medicines4  ,after a long and tedious  
discourse of these six non-natural      
things and their several rectifications1
 all which are comprehended in diet1 ,i 
am come now at last to ,pharmaceutice1  
or that kind of physic which cureth by  
medicines1 which apothecaries most part 
make1 mingle1 or sell in their shops4   
,many cavil at this kind of physic1 and 
hold it unnecessary1 unprofitable to    
this or any other disease1 because those
 countries which use it least1 live     
longest1 and are best in health1 as     
#djgi;,hector ,boethius relates of the  
isles of ,orcades1 the people are still 

sound of body and mind1 without any use 
of physic1 they live commonly #abj      
years1 and ,ortelius in his itinerary of
 the inhabitants of the ,forest of      
,arden1 #djhj they are very painful1    
long-lived1 sound1 c4 #djha,martianus   
,capella1 speaking of the ,indians of   
his time1 saith1 they were 7much like   
our western ,indians now7 bigger than   
ordinary men1 bred coarsely1 very       
long-lived1 insomuch1 that he that died 
at a hundred years of age1 went before  
his time1 c4 ,damianus ,a-,goes1 ,saxo  
,grammaticus1 ,aubanus ,bohemus1 say the
 like of them that live in ,norway1     
,lapland1 ,finmark1 ,biarmia1 ,corelia1 
all over ,scandia1 and those northern   
countries1 they are most healthful1 and 
very long-lived1 in which places there  
is no use at all of physic1 the name of 
it is not once heard4 ,dithmarus        
,bleskenius in his accurate description 
of ,iceland1 #afjg1 makes mention1      
amongst other matters1 of the           
inhabitants1 and their manner of living1

 #djhbwhich is dried fish instead of    
bread1 butter1 cheese1 and salt meats1  
most part they drink water and whey1 and
 yet without physic or physician1 they  
live many of them #bej years4 ,i find   
the same relation by ,lerius1 and some  
other writers1 of ,indians in ,america4 
,paulus ,jovius in his description of   
,britain1 and ,levinus ,lemnius1 observe
 as much of this our island1 that there 
was of old no use of #djhcphysic amongst
 us1 and but little at this day1 except 
it be for a few nice idle citizens1     
surfeiting courtiers1 and stall-fed     
gentlemen lubbers4 ,the country people  
use kitchen physic1 and common          
experience tells vis1 that they live    
freest from all manner of infirmities1  
that make least use of apothecaries'    
physic4 ,many are overthrown by         
preposterous use of it1 and thereby get 
their bane1 that might otherwise have   
escaped3 #djhdsome think physicians kill
 as many as they save1 and who can tell1
 #djhe,quot ,themison aegros autumno    

occiderit uno8 ,how many murders they   
make in a year1 quibus impune licet     
hominem occidere1 that may freely kill  
folks1 and have a reward for it1 and    
according to the ,dutch proverb1 a new  
physician must have a new churchyard2   
and who daily observes it not8 ,many    
that did ill under physicians' hands1   
have happily escaped1 when they have    
been given over by them1 left to ,god   
and nature1 and themselves2 'twas       
,pliny's dilemma of old1 #djhf;every    
disease is either curable or incurable1 
a man recovers of it or is killed by it2
 both ways physic is to be rejected4 ,if
 it be deadly1 it cannot be cured2 if it
 may be helped1 it requires no          
physician1 nature will expel it of      
itself4 ,plato made it a great sign of  
an intemperate and corrupt commonwealth1
 where lawyers and physicians did       
abound2 and the ,romans distasted them  
so much that they were often banished   
out of their city1 as ,pliny and ,celsus
 relate1 for #fjj years not admitted4   

,it is no art at all1 as some hold1 no  
not worthy the name of a liberal science
 7nor law neither71 as #djhg,pet4 ,and4 
,canonherius a patrician of ,rome and a 
great doctor himself1 one of their own  
tribe1 proves by sixteen arguments1     
because it is mercenary as now used1    
base1 and as fiddlers play for a reward4
 ,juridicis1 medicis1 fisco1 fas vivere 
rapto1 'tis a corrupt trade1 no science1
 art1 no profession2 the beginning1     
practice1 and progress of it1 all is    
naught1 full of imposture1 uncertainty1 
and doth generally more harm than good4 
,the devil himself was the first        
inventor of it3 ,inventum est medicina  
meum1 said ,apollo1 and what was        
,apollo1 but the devil8 ,the ,greeks    
first made an art of it1 and they were  
all deluded by ,apollo's sons1 priests1 
oracles4 ,if we may believe ,varro1     
,pliny1 ,columella1 most of their best  
medicines were derived from his oracles4
 ,aesculapius his son had his temples   
erected to his deity1 and did many      

famous cures2 but1 as ,lactantius holds1
 he was a magician1 a mere impostor1 and
 as his successors1 ,phaon1 ,podalirius1
 ,melampius1 ,menecrates1 7another      
,god71 by charms1 spells1 and ministry  
of bad spirits1 performed most of their 
cures4 ,the first that ever wrote in    
physic to any purpose1 was ,hippocrates1
 and his disciple and commentator       
,galen1 whom ,scaliger calls ,fimbriam  
,hippocratis2 but as #djhh;,cardan      
censures them1 both immethodical and    
obscure1 as all those old ones are1     
their precepts confused1 their medicines
 obsolete1 and now most part rejected4  
,those cures which they did1 ,paracelsus
 holds1 were rather done out of their   
patients' confidence1 #djhi;and good    
opinion they had of them1 than out of   
any skill of theirs1 which was very     
small1 he saith1 they themselves idiots 
and infants1 as are all their academical
 followers4 ,the ,arabians received it  
from the ,greeks1 and so the ,latins1   
adding new precepts and medicines of    

their own1 but so imperfect still1 that 
through ignorance of professors1        
impostors1 mountebanks1 empirics1       
disagreeing of sectaries1 7which are as 
many almost as there be diseases7 envy1 
covetousness1 and the like1 they do much
 harm amongst us4 ,they are so different
 in their consultations1 prescriptions1 
mistaking many times the parties'       
constitution1 #djij;disease1 and causes 
of it1 they give quite contrary physic2 
#djiaone saith this1 another that1 out  
of singularity or opposition1 as he said
 of ,adrian1 multitudo medicorum        
principem interfecit1 a multitude of    
physicians hath killed the emperor2 plus
 a medico quam a morbo periculi1 more   
danger there is from the physician1 than
 from the disease4 ,besides1 there is   
much imposture and malice amongst them4 
,all arts 7saith #djib;,cardan7 admit of
 cozening1 physic1 amongst the rest1    
doth appropriate it to herself2 and     
tells a story of one ,curtius1 a        
physician in ,venice3 because he was a  

stranger1 and practised amongst them1   
the rest of the physicians did still    
cross him in all his precepts4 ,if he   
prescribed hot medicines they would     
prescribe cold1 miscentes pro calidis   
frigida1 pro frigidis humida1 pro       
purgantibus astringentia1 binders for   
purgatives1 omnia perturbabant4 ,if the 
party miscarried1 ,curtium damnabant1   
,curtius killed him1 that disagreed from
 them3 if he recovered1 then #djicthey  
cured him themselves4 ,much emulation1  
imposture1 malice1 there is amongst     
them3 if they be honest and mean well1  
yet a knave apothecary that administers 
the physic1 and makes the medicine1 may 
do infinite harm1 by his old obsolete   
doses1 adulterine drugs1 bad mixtures1  
quid pro quo1 c4 ,see ,fuchsius lib4 #a4
 sect4 #a4 cap4 #h4 ,cordus'            
,dispensatory1 and ,brassivola's ,examen
 simpl41 c4 ,but it is their ignorance  
that doth more harm than rashness1 their
 art is wholly conjectural1 if it be an 
art1 uncertain1 imperfect1 and got by   

killing of men1 they are a kind of      
butchers1 leeches1 men-slayers2         
chirurgeons and apothecaries especially1
 that are indeed the physicians'        
hangman1 carnifices1 and common         
executioners2 though to say truth1      
physicians themselves come not far      
behind2 for according to that facete    
epigram of ,maximilianus ,urentius1     
what's the difference8                  
#djid;,chirurgicus medico quo differt8  
scilicet isto1 ,enecat hic succis1      
enecat ille manu3  ,carnifice hoc ambo  
tantum differre videntur1 ,tardius hi   
faciunt1 quod facit ille cito4  ,but ,i 
return to their skill2 many diseases    
they cannot cure at all1 as apoplexy1   
epilepsy1 stone1 strangury1 gout1       
,tollere nodosam nescit medicina        
,podagram2 #djiequartan agues1 a common 
ague sometimes stumbles them all1 they  
cannot so much as ease1 they know not   
how to judge of it4 ,if by pulses1 that 
doctrine1 some hold1 is wholly          
superstitious1 and ,i dare boldly say   

with #djif;,andrew ,dudeth1 that variety
 of pulses described by ,galen1 is      
neither observed nor understood of any4 
,and for urine1 that is meretrix        
medicorum1 the most deceitful thing of  
all1 as ,forestus and some other        
physicians have proved at large3 ,i say 
nothing of critic days1 errors in       
indications1 c4 ,the most rational of   
them1 and skilful1 are so often         
deceived1 that as #djig,tholosanus      
infers1 ,i had rather believe and commit
 myself to a mere empiric1 than to a    
mere doctor1 and ,i cannot sufficiently 
commend that custom of the ,babylonians1
 that have no professed physicians1 but 
bring all their patients to the market  
to be cured3 which ,herodotus relates of
 the ,egyptians3 ,strabo1 ,sardus1 and  
,aubanus ,bohemus of many other nations4
 ,and those that prescribed physic1     
amongst them1 did not so arrogantly take
 upon them to cure all diseases1 as our 
professors do1 but some one1 some       
another1 as their skill and experience  

did serve2 #djih ,one cured the eyes1 a 
second the teeth1 a third the head1     
another the lower parts1 c41 not for    
gain1 but in charity1 to do good1 they  
made neither art1 profession1 nor trade 
of it1 which in other places was        
accustomed3 and therefore ,cambyses in  
#djii,xenophon told ,cyrus1 that to his 
thinking1 physicians were like tailors  
and cobblers1 the one mended our sick   
bodies1 as the other did our clothes4   
,but ,i will urge these cavilling and   
contumelious arguments no farther1 lest 
some physician should mistake me1 and   
deny me physic when ,i am sick3 for my  
part1 ,i am well persuaded of physic3 ,i
 can distinguish the abuse from the use1
 in this and many other arts and        
sciences3 #dajj;,alliud vinum1 aliud    
ebrietas1 wine and drunkenness are two  
distinct things4 ,i acknowledge it a    
most noble and divine science1 in so    
much that ,apollo1 ,aesculapius1 and the
 first founders of it1 merito pro diis  
habiti1 were worthily counted gods by   

succeeding ages1 for the excellency of  
their invention4 ,and whereas ,apollo at
 ,delos1 ,venus at ,cyprus1 ,diana at   
,ephesus1 and those other gods were     
confined and adored alone in some       
peculiar places3 ,aesculapius and his   
temple and altars everywhere1 in        
,corinth1 ,lacedaemon1 ,athens1 ,thebes1
 ,epidaurus1 c4 ,pausanius records1 for 
the latitude of his art1 deity1 worth1  
and necessity4 ,with all virtuous and   
wise men therefore ,i honour the name   
and calling1 as ,i am enjoined to honour
 the physician for necessity's sake4    
,the knowledge of the physician lifteth 
up his head1 and in the sight of great  
men he shall be admired4 ,the ,lord hath
 created medicines of the earth1 and he 
that is wise will not abhor them1       
,eccles4 lviii #a4 ,but of this noble   
subject1 how many panegyrics are        
worthily written8 ,for my part1 as      
,sallust said of ,carthage1 praestat    
silere1 quam pauca dicere2 ,i have said1
 yet one thing ,i will add1 that this   

kind of physic is very moderately and   
advisedly to be used1 upon good         
occasion1 when the former of diet will  
not take place4 ,and 'tis no other which
 ,i say1 than that which ,arnoldus      
prescribes in his #h4 ,aphoris4 #daja;,a
 discreet and goodly physician doth     
first endeavour to expel a disease by   
medicinal diet1 than by pure medicine3  
and in his ninth1 #dajb;he that may be  
cured by diet1 must not meddle with     
physic4 ,so in #aa4 ,aphoris4 #dajc;,a  
modest and wise physician will never    
hasten to use medicines1 but upon urgent
 necessity1 and that sparingly too3     
because 7as he adds in his #ac4         
,aphoris47 #dajd,whosoever takes much   
physic in his youth1 shall soon bewail  
it in his old age3 purgative physic     
especially1 which doth much debilitate  
nature4 ,for which causes some          
physicians refrain from the use of      
purgatives1 or else sparingly use them4 
#daje;,henricus ,ayrerus in a           
consultation for a melancholy person1   

would have him take as few purges as he 
could1 because there be no such         
medicines1 which do not steal away some 
of our strength1 and rob the parts of   
our body1 weaken nature1 and cause that 
cacochymia1 which #dajf;,celsus and     
others observe1 or ill digestion1 and   
bad juice through all the parts of it4  
,galen himself confesseth1 #dajgthat    
purgative physic is contrary to nature1 
takes away some of our best spirits1 and
 consumes the very substance of our     
bodies3 ,but this1 without question1 is 
to be understood of such purges as are  
unseasonably or immoderately taken3 they
 have their excellent use in this1 as   
well as most other infirmities4 ,of     
alteratives and cordials no man doubts1 
be they simples or compounds4 ,i will   
amongst that infinite variety of        
medicines1 which ,i find in every       
pharmacopoeia1 every physician1         
herbalist1 c41 single out some of the   
chiefest4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,simples   
proper to ,melancholy1 against ,exotic  

,simples4  ,medicines properly applied  
to melancholy1 are either simple or     
compound4 ,simples are alterative or    
purgative4 ,alteratives are such as     
correct1 strengthen nature1 alter1 any  
way hinder or resist the disease2 and   
they be herbs1 stones1 minerals1 c4 all 
proper to this humour4 ,for as there be 
diverse distinct infirmities continually
 vexing us1 #dajh '    '   a     1     4
  ,diseases steal both day and night on 
men1 ,for ,jupiter hath taken voice from
 them4  ,so there be several remedies1  
as #daji;he saith1 each disease a       
medicine1 for every humour2 and as some 
hold1 every clime1 every country1 and   
more than that1 every private place hath
 his proper remedies growing in it1     
peculiar almost to the domineering and  
most frequent maladies of it1 ,as       
#daajone discourseth1 wormwood grows    
sparingly in ,italy1 because most part  
there they be misaffected with hot      
diseases3 but henbane1 poppy1 and such  
cold herbs3 with us in ,germany and     

,poland1 great store of it in every     
waste4 ,baracellus ,horto geniali1 and  
,baptista ,porta ,physiognomicae1 lib4  
#f4 cap4 #bc1 give many instances and   
examples of it1 and bring many other    
proofs4 ,for that cause belike that     
learned ,fuchsius of ,nuremberg1        
#daaawhen he came into a village1       
considered always what herbs did grow   
most frequently about it1 and those he  
distilled in a silver alembic1 making   
use of others amongst them as occasion  
served4 ,i know that many are of        
opinion1 our northern simples are weak1 
imperfect1 not so well concocted1 of    
such force1 as those in the southern    
parts1 not so fit to be used in physic1 
and will therefore fetch their drugs    
afar off3 senna1 cassia out of ,egypt1  
rhubarb from ,barbary1 aloes from       
,socotra2 turbith1 agaric1 mirabolanes1 
hermodactils1 from the ,east ,indies1   
tobacco from the west1 and some as far  
as ,china1 hellebore from the           
,anticyrae1 or that of ,austria which   

bears the purple flower1 which          
,mathiolus so much approves1 and so of  
the rest4 ,in the kingdom of ,valencia1 
in ,spain1 #daab,maginus commends two   
mountains1 ,mariola and ,renagolosa1    
famous for simples2 #daac ,leander      
,albertus1 #daad;,baldus a mountain near
 the ,lake ,benacus in the territory of 
,verona1 to which all the herbalists in 
the country continually flock2 ,ortelius
 one in ,apulia1 ,munster ,mons major in
 ,istria2 others ,montpelier in ,france2
 ,prosper ,altinus prefers ,egyptian    
simples1 ,garcias ab ,horto ,indian     
before the rest1 another those of       
,italy1 ,crete1 c4 ,many times they are 
over-curious in this kind1 whom         
,fuchsius taxeth1 ,instit4 l4 #a4 sec4  
#a4 cap4 #a4 #daaethat think they do    
nothing1 except they rake all over      
,india1 ,arabia1 ,ethiopia for remedies1
 and fetch their physic from the three  
quarters of the world1 and from beyond  
the ,garamantes4 ,many an old wife or   
country woman doth often more good with 

a few known and common garden herbs1    
than our bombast physicians1 with all   
their prodigious1 sumptuous1            
far-fetched1 rare1 conjectural          
medicines3 without all question if we   
have not these rare exotic simples1 we  
hold that at home1 which is in virtue   
equivalent unto them1 ours will serve as
 well as theirs1 if they be taken in    
proportionable quantity1 fitted and     
qualified aright1 if not much better1   
and more proper to our constitutions4   
,but so 'tis for the most part1 as      
,pliny writes to ,gallus1 #daaf,we are  
careless of that which is near us1 and  
follow that which is afar off1 to know  
which we will travel and sail beyond the
 seas1 wholly neglecting that which is  
under our eyes4 ,opium in ,turkey doth  
scarce offend1 with us in a small       
quantity it stupefies2 cicuta or hemlock
 is a strong poison in ,greece1 but with
 us it hath no such violent effects3 ,i 
conclude with ,i4 ,voschius1 who as he  
much inveighs against those exotic      

medicines1 so he promiseth by our       
,european1 a full cure and absolute of  
all diseases2 a capite ad calcem1       
nostrae regionis herbae nostris         
corporibus magis conducunt1 our own     
simples agree best with us4 ,it was a   
thing that ,fernelius much laboured in  
his ,french practice1 to reduce all his 
cure to our proper and domestic physic2 
so did #daag;,janus ,cornarius1 and     
,martin ,rulandus in ,germany4 ,t4 ,b4  
with us1 as appeareth by a treatise of  
his divulged in our tongue #afae1 to    
prove the sufficiency of ,english       
medicines1 to the cure of all manner of 
diseases4 ,if our simples be not        
altogether of such force1 or so         
apposite1 it may be1 if like industry   
were used1 those far fetched drugs would
 prosper as well with us1 as in those   
countries whence now we have them1 as   
well as cherries1 artichokes1 tobacco1  
and many such4 ,there have been diverse 
worthy physicians1 which have tried     
excellent conclusions in this kind1 and 

many diligent1 painful apothecaries1 as 
,gesner1 ,besler1 ,gerard1 c41 but      
amongst the rest those famous public    
gardens of ,padua in ,italy1 ,nuremberg 
in ,germany1 ,leyden in ,holland1       
,montpelier in ,france1 7and ours in    
,oxford now in fieri1 at the cost and   
charges for the ,right ,honourable the  
,lord ,danvers ,earl of ,danby7 are much
 to be commended1 wherein all exotic    
plants almost are to be seen1 and       
liberal allowance yearly made for their 
better maintenance1 that young students 
may be the sooner informed in the       
knowledge of them3 which as             
#daah;,fuchsius holds1 is most necessary
 for that exquisite manner of curing1   
and as great a shame for a physician not
 to observe them1 as for a workman not  
to know his axe1 saw1 square1 or any    
other tool which he must of necessity   
use4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,alteratives1  
,herbs1 other ,vegetables1 c4  ,amongst 
these #hjj simples1 which ,galeottus    
reckons up1 lib4 #c4 de promise1 doctor1

 cap4 #c1 and many exquisite herbalists 
have written of1 these few following    
alone ,i find appropriated to this      
humour3 of which some be alteratives2   
#daaiwhich by a secret force1 saith     
,renodeus1 and special quality expel    
future diseases1 perfectly cure those   
which are1 and many such incurable      
effects4 ,this is as well observed in   
other plants1 stones1 minerals1 and     
creatures1 as in herbs1 in other        
maladies as in this4 ,how many things   
are related of a man's skull8 ,what     
several virtues of corns in a horse-leg1
 #dabjof a wolf's liver1 c4 ,of         
#daba;diverse excrements of beasts1 all 
good against several diseases8 ,what    
extraordinary virtues are ascribed unto 
plants8 #dabb,satyrium et eruca penem   
erigunt1 vitex et nymphea semen         
extinguunt1 #dabcsome herbs provoke     
lust1 some again1 as agnus castus1      
water-lily1 quite extinguisheth seed2   
poppy causeth sleep1 cabbage resisteth  
drunkenness1 c41 and that which is more 

to be admired1 that such and such plants
 should have a peculiar virtue to such  
particular parts1 #dabd;as to the head  
aniseeds1 foalfoot1 betony1 calamint1   
eye-bright1 lavender1 bays1 roses1 rue1 
sage1 marjoram1 peony1 c4 ,for the lungs
 calamint1 liquorice1 ennula campana1   
hyssop1 horehound1 water germander1 c4  
,for the heart1 borage1 bugloss1        
saffron1 balm1 basil1 rosemary1 violet1 
roses1 c4 ,for the stomach1 wormwood1   
mints1 betony1 balm1 centaury1 sorrel1  
parslan4 ,for the liver1 darthspine or  
camaepitis1 germander1 agrimony1 fennel1
 endive1 succory1 liverwort1 barberries4
 ,for the spleen1 maidenhair1           
finger-fern1 dodder of thyme1 hop1 the  
rind of ash1 betony4 ,for the kidneys1  
grumel1 parsley1 saxifrage1 plaintain1  
mallow4 ,for the womb1 mugwort1         
pennyroyal1 fetherfew1 savine1 c4 ,for  
the joints1 camomile1 ,st4 ,john's wort1
 organ1 rue1 cowslips1 centaury the     
less1 c4 ,and so to peculiar diseases4  
,to this of melancholy you shall find a 

catalogue of herbs proper1 and that in  
every part4 ,see more in ,wecker1       
,renodeus1 ,heurnius lib4 #b4 cap4 #ai4 
c4 ,i will briefly speak of them1 as    
first of alteratives1 which ,galen1 in  
his third book of diseased parts1       
prefers before diminutives1 and         
,trallianus brags1 that he hath done    
more cures on melancholy men #dabe;by   
moistening1 than by purging of them4    
,borage4 ,in this catalogue1 borage and 
bugloss may challenge the chiefest      
place1 whether in substance1 juice1     
roots1 seeds1 flowers1 leaves1          
decoctions1 distilled waters1 extracts1 
oils1 c41 for such kind of herbs be     
diversely varied4 ,bugloss is hot and   
moist1 and therefore worthily reckoned  
up amongst those herbs which expel      
melancholy1 and #dabf exhilarate the    
heart1 ,galen1 lib4 #f4 cap4 #hj4 de    
simpl4 med4 ,dioscorides1 lib4 #d4 cap4 
#abc4 ,pliny much magnifies this plant4 
,it may be diversely used2 as in broth1 
in #dabgwine1 in conserves1 syrups1 c4  

,it is an excellent cordial1 and against
 this malady most frequently prescribed2
 a herb indeed of such sovereignty1 that
 as ,diodorus1 lib4 #g4 bibl4 ,plinius1 
lib4 #be4 cap4 #b4 et lib4 #ba4 cap4    
#bb4 ,plutarch1 sympos4 lib4 #a4 cap4   
#a4 ,dioscorides1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #dj4    
,caelius1 lib4 #ai4 c4 #c4 suppose it   
was that famous ,nepenthes of           
#dabh;,homer1 which ,polydaenna1        
,thonis's wife 7then king of ,thebes in 
,egypt71 sent ,helena for a token1 of   
such rare virtue1 that if taken steeped 
in wine1 if wife and children1 father   
and mother1 brother and sister1 and all 
thy dearest friends should die before   
thy face1 thou couldst not grieve or    
shed a tear for them4 ,qui semel id     
patera mistum ,nepenthes ,iaccho        
,hauserit1 hic lachrymam1 non si        
suavissima proles1 ,si germanus ei      
charus1 materque paterque ,oppetat1 ante
 oculos ferro confossus atroci4         
,helena's commended bowl to exhilarate  
the heart1 had no other ingredient1 as  

most of our critics conjecture1 than    
this of borage4 ,balm4 ,melissa balm    
hath an admirable virtue to alter       
melancholy1 be it steeped in our        
ordinary drink1 extracted1 or otherwise 
taken4 ,cardan1 lib4 #h4 much admires   
this herb4 ,it heats and dries1 saith   
#dabi ,heurnius1 in the second degree1  
with a wonderful virtue comforts the    
heart1 and purgeth all melancholy       
vapours from the spirits1 ,matthiol4 in 
lib4 #c4 cap4 #aj4 in ,dioscoridem4     
,besides they ascribe other virtues to  
it1 #dacj;as to help concoction1 to     
cleanse the brain1 expel all careful    
thoughts1 and anxious imaginations3 the 
same words in effect are in ,avicenna1  
,pliny1 ,simon ,sethi1 ,fuchsius1       
,leobel1 ,delacampius1 and every        
herbalist4 ,nothing better for him that 
is melancholy than to steep this and    
borage in his ordinary drink4           
,mathiolus1 in his fifth book of        
,medicinal ,epistles1 reckons up        
scorzonera1 #dacanot against poison     

only1 falling sickness1 and such as are 
vertiginous1 but to this malady2 the    
root of it taken by itself expels       
sorrow1 causeth mirth and lightness of  
heart4 ,antonius ,musa1 that renowned   
physician to ,caesar ,augustus1 in his  
book which he writ of the virtues of    
betony1 cap4 #f4 wonderfully commends   
that herb1 animas hominum et corpora    
custodit1 securas de metu reddit1 it    
preserves both body and mind1 from      
fears1 cares1 griefs2 cures falling     
sickness1 this and many other diseases1 
to whom ,galen subscribes1 lib4 #g4     
simp4 med4 ,dioscorides1 lib4 #d4 cap4  
#a4 c4 ,marigold is much approved       
against melancholy1 and often used      
therefore in our ordinary broth1 as good
 against this and many other diseases4  
,hop4 ,lupulus1 hop1 is a sovereign     
remedy2 ,fuchsius1 cap4 #eh4 ,plant4    
hist4 much extols it2 #dacb;it purgeth  
all choler1 and purifies the blood4     
,matthiol4 cap4 #adj4 in #d4 ,dioscor4  
wonders the physicians of his time made 

no more use of it1 because it rarefies  
and cleanseth3 we use it to this purpose
 in our ordinary beer1 which before was 
thick and fulsome4 ,wormwood1 centaury1 
pennyroyal1 are likewise magnified and  
much prescribed 7as ,i shall after      
show71 especially in hypochondriac      
melancholy1 daily to be used1 sod in    
whey3 and as ,ruffus ,ephesias1         
#dacc;,areteus relate1 by breaking wind1
 helping concoction1 many melancholy men
 have been cured with the frequent use  
of them alone4 ,and because the spleen  
and blood are often misaffected in      
melancholy1 ,i may not omit endive1     
succory1 dandelion1 fumitory1 c41 which 
cleanse the blood1 ,scolopendria1       
cuscuta1 ceterache1 mugwort1 liverwort1 
ash1 tamarisk1 genist1 maidenhair1 c41  
which must help and ease the spleen4 ,to
 these ,i may add roses1 violets1       
capers1 featherfew1 scordium1 staechas1 
rosemary1 ros solis1 saffron1 ochyme1   
sweet apples1 wine1 tobacco1 sanders1 c4
 ,that ,peruvian chamico1 monstrosa     

facultate c41 ,linshcosteus ,datura2 and
 to such as are cold1 the               
#dacd;decoction of guiacum1 ,china      
sarsaparilla1 sassafras1 the flowers of 
carduus benedictus1 which ,i find much  
used by ,montanus in his ,consultations1
 ,julius ,alexandrinus1 ,lelius1        
,egubinus1 and others4 #dace;,bernardus 
,penottus prefers his herba solis1 or   
,dutch sindaw1 before all the rest in   
this disease1 and will admit of no herb 
upon the earth to be comparable to it4  
,it excels ,homer's moly1 cures this1   
falling sickness1 and almost all other  
infirmities4 ,the same ,penottus speaks 
of an excellent balm out of ,aponensis1 
which1 taken to the quantity of three   
drops in a cup of wine1 #dacfwill cause 
a sudden alteration1 drive away dumps1  
and cheer up the heart4 ,ant4           
,guianerius1 in his ,antidotary1 hath   
many such4 #dacg;,jacobus de ,dondis the
 aggregator1 repeats ambergris1 nutmegs1
 and allspice amongst the rest4 ,but    
that cannot be general4 ,amber and spice

 will make a hot brain mad1 good for    
cold and moist4 ,garcias ab ,horto hath 
many ,indian plants1 whose virtues he   
much magnifies in this disease4         
,lemnius1 instit4 cap4 #eh4 admires rue1
 and commends it to have excellent      
virtue1 #dachto expel vain imaginations1
 devils1 and to ease afflicted souls4   
,other things are much magnified        
#daci;by writers1 as an old cock1 a     
ram's head1 a wolf's heart borne or     
eaten1 which ,mercurialis approves2     
,prosper ,altinus the water of ,nilus2  
,gomesius all seawater1 and at          
seasonable times to be seasick3 goat's  
milk1 whey1 c4  ,,subsect4              
,,iv4--,precious ,stones1 ,metals1      
,minerals1 ,alteratives4  ,precious     
stones are diversely censured2 many     
explode the use of them or any minerals 
in physic1 of whom ,thomas ,erastus is  
the chief1 in his tract against         
,paracelsus1 and in an epistle of his to
 ,peter ,monavius1 #dadj ,that stones   
can work any wonders1 let them believe  

that list1 no man shall persuade me2 for
 my part1 ,i have found by experience   
there is no virtue in them4 ,but        
,matthiolus1 in his comment upon        
#dada;,dioscorides1 is as profuse on the
 other side1 in their commendation2 so  
is ,cardan1 ,renodeus1 ,alardus1 ,rueus1
 ,encelius1 ,marbodeus1 c4              
#dadb,matthiolus specifies in coral3 and
 ,oswaldus ,crollius1 ,basil4 ,chym4    
prefers the salt of coral4              
#dadc;,christoph4 ,encelius1 lib4 #c4   
cap4 #aca4 will have them to be as so   
many several medicines against          
melancholy1 sorrow1 fear1 dullness1 and 
the like2 #dadd,renodeus admires them1  
besides they adorn kings' crowns1 grace 
the fingers1 enrich our household stuff1
 defend us from enchantments1 preserve  
health1 cure diseases1 they drive away  
grief1 cares1 and exhilarate the mind4  
,the particulars be these4 ,granatus1 a 
precious stone so called1 because it is 
like the kernels of a pomegranate1 an   
imperfect kind of ruby1 it comes from   

,calecut2 #dade;if hung about the neck1 
or taken in drink1 it much resisteth    
sorrow1 and recreates the heart4 ,the   
same properties ,i find ascribed to the 
hyacinth and topaz4 #dadf,they allay    
anger1 grief1 diminish madness1 much    
delight and exhilarate the mind4        
#dadg;,if it be either carried about1 or
 taken in a potion1 it will increase    
wisdom1 saith ,cardan1 expel fear2 he   
brags that he hath cured many madmen    
with it1 which1 when they laid by the   
stone1 were as mad again as ever they   
were at first4 ,petrus ,bayerus1 lib4   
#b4 cap4 #ac4 veni mecum1 ,fran4 ,rueus1
 cap4 #ai4 de geminis1 say as much of   
the chrysolite1 #dadh;a friend of       
wisdom1 an enemy to folly4 ,pliny1 lib4 
#cg4 ,solinus1 cap4 #eb4 ,albertus de   
,lapid4 ,cardan4 ,encelius1 lib4 #c4    
cap4 #ff4 highly magnifies the virtue of
 the beryl1 #dadi;it much avails to a   
good understanding1 represseth vain     
conceits1 evil thoughts1 causeth mirth1 
c4 ,in the belly of a swallow there is a

 stone found called chelidonius1        
#daejwhich if it be lapped in a fair    
cloth1 and tied to the right arm1 will  
cure lunatics1 madmen1 make them amiable
 and merry4 ,there is a kind of onyx    
called a chalcedony1 which hath the same
 qualities1 #daea;avails much against   
fantastic illusions which proceed from  
melancholy1 preserves the vigour and    
good estate of the whole body4 ,the     
,eban stone1 which goldsmiths use to    
sleeken their gold with1 borne about or 
given to drink1 #daeb;hath the same     
properties1 or not much unlike4 ,levinus
 ,lemnius1 ,institui4 ad vit4 cap4 #eh4 
amongst other jewels1 makes mention of  
two more notable2 carbuncle and coral1  
#daecwhich drive away childish fears1   
devils1 overcome sorrow1 and hung about 
the neck repress troublesome dreams1    
which properties almost ,cardan gives to
 that green-coloured #daed;emmetris if  
it be carried about1 or worn in a ring2 
,rueus to the diamond4 ,nicholas        
,cabeus1 a ,jesuit of ,ferrara1 in the  

first book of his ,magnetical           
,philosophy1 cap4 #c4 speaking of the   
virtues of a loadstone1 recites many    
several opinions2 some say that if it be
 taken in parcels inward1 si quis per   
frustra voret1 juventutem restituet1 it 
will1 like viper's wine1 restore one to 
his youth2 and yet if carried about     
them1 others will have it to cause      
melancholy2 let experience determine4   
,mercurialis admires the emerald for its
 virtues in pacifying all affections of 
the mind2 others the sapphire1 which is 
the #daee;fairest of all precious       
stones1 of sky colour1 and a great enemy
 to black choler1 frees the mind1 mends 
manners1 c4 ,jacobus de ,dondis1 in his 
catalogue of simples1 hath ambergris1 os
 in corde cervi1 #daefthe bone in a     
stag's heart1 a monocerot's horn1       
bezoar's stone #daeg7of which           
elsewhere71 it is found in the belly of 
a little beast in the ,east ,indies1    
brought into ,europe by ,hollanders1 and
 our countrymen merchants4 ,renodeus1   

cap4 #bb4 lib4 #c4 de ment4 med4 saith  
he saw two of these beasts alive1 in the
 castle of the ,lord of ,vitry at       
,coubert4 ,lapis lazuli and armenus1    
because they purge1 shall be mentioned  
in their place4 ,of the rest in brief   
thus much ,i will add out of ,cardan1   
,renodeus1 cap4 #bc4 lib4 #c4           
,rondoletius1 lib4 #a4 de ,testat4 c4   
#ae4 c4 #daeh,that almost all jewels and
 precious stones have excellent virtues 
to pacify the affections of the mind1   
for which cause rich men so much covet  
to have them3 #daei;and those smaller   
unions which are found in shells amongst
 the ,persians and ,indians1 by the     
consent of all writers1 are very        
cordial1 and most part avail to the     
exhilaration of the heart4 ,minerals4   
,most men say as much of gold and some  
other minerals1 as these have done of   
precious stones4 ,erastus still         
maintains the opposite part4 ,disput4 in
 ,paracelsum4 cap4 #d4 fol4 #aif4 he    
confesseth of gold1 #dafj that it makes 

the heart merry1 but in no other sense  
but as it is in a miser's chest3 at mihi
 plaudo simul ac nummos contemplor in   
arca1 as he said in the poet1 it so     
revives the spirits1 and is an excellent
 recipe against melancholy1 #dafa;,for  
gold in physic is a cordial1 ,therefore 
he loved gold in special4  ,aurum       
potabile1 #dafb;he discommends and      
inveighs against it1 by reason of the   
corrosive waters which are used in it3  
which argument our ,dr4 ,guin urgeth    
against ,d4 ,antonius4 #dafc;,erastus   
concludes their philosophical stones and
 potable gold1 c4 to be no better than  
poison1 a mere imposture1 a non ens2 dug
 out of that broody hill belike this    
golden stone is1 ubi nascetur ridiculus 
mus4 ,paracelsus and his chemistical    
followers1 as so many ,promethei1 will  
fetch fire from heaven1 will cure all   
manner of diseases with minerals1       
accounting them the only physic on the  
other side4 #dafd,paracelsus calls      
,galen1 ,hippocrates1 and all their     

adherents1 infants1 idiots1 sophisters1 
c4 ,apagesis istos qui ,vulcanias istas 
metamorphoses sugillant1 inscitiae      
soboles1 supinae pertinaciae alumnos1   
c41 not worthy the name of physicians1  
for want of these remedies3 and brags   
that by them he can make a man live #afj
 years1 or to the world's end1 with     
their #dafe;,alexipharmacums1 ,panaceas1
 ,mummias1 unguentum ,armarium1 and such
 magnetical cures1 ,lampas vitae et     
mortis1 ,balneum ,dianae1 ,balsamum1    
,electrum ,magico-physicum1 ,amuleta    
,martialia1 c4 ,what will not he and his
 followers effect8 ,he brags1 moreover1 
that he was primus medicorum1 and did   
more famous cures than all the          
physicians in ,europe besides1 #daff;a  
drop of his preparations should go      
farther than a dram1 or ounce of theirs1
 those loathsome and fulsome filthy     
potions1 heteroclitical pills 7so he    
calls them71 horse medicines1 ad quoram 
aspectum ,cyclops ,polyphemus           
exhorresceret4 ,and though some condemn 

their skill and magnetical cures as     
tending to magical superstition1        
witchery1 charms1 c41 yet they admire1  
stiffly vindicate nevertheless1 and     
infinitely prefer them4 ,but these are  
both in extremes1 the middle sort       
approve of minerals1 though not in so   
high a degree4 ,lemnius lib4 #c4 cap4   
#f4 de occult4 nat4 mir4 commends gold  
inwardly and outwardly used1 as in      
rings1 excellent good in medicines2 and 
such mixtures as are made for melancholy
 men1 saith ,wecker1 antid4 spec4 lib4  
#a4 to whom ,renodeus subscribes1 lib4  
#b4 cap4 #b4 ,ficinus1 lib4 #b4 cap4    
#ai4 ,fernel4 meth4 med4 lib4 #e4 cap4  
#ba4 de ,cardiacis4 ,daniel ,sennertus1 
lib4 #a4 part4 #b4 cap4 #i4 ,audernacus1
 ,libavius1 ,quercetanus1 ,oswaldus     
,crollius1 ,euvonymus1 ,rubeus1 and     
,matthiolus in the fourth book of his   
,epistles1 ,andreas a ,blawen epist4 ad 
,matthiolum1 as commended and formerly  
used by ,avicenna1 ,arnoldus1 and many  
others3 #dafg,matthiolus in the same    

place approves of potable gold1 mercury1
 with many such chemical confections1   
and goes so far in approbation of them1 
that he holds #dafh no man can be an    
excellent physician that hath not some  
skill in chemistical distillations1 and 
that chronic diseases can hardly be     
cured without mineral medicines3 look   
for antimony among purgers4  ,,subsect4 
,v4--,compound ,alteratives2 censure of 
,compounds1 and mixed ,physic4  ,pliny1 
lib4 #bd4 c4 #a1 bitterly taxeth all    
compound medicines1 #dafi ,men's        
knavery1 imposture1 and captious wits1  
have invented those shops1 in which     
every man's life is set to sale3 and by 
and by came in those compositions and   
inexplicable mixtures1 far-fetched out  
of ,india and ,arabia2 a medicine for a 
botch must be had as far as the ,red    
,sea4 ,and 'tis not without cause which 
he saith2 for out of question they are  
much to #dagj;blame in their            
compositions1 whilst they make infinite 
variety of mixtures1 as #daga;,fuchsius 

notes4 ,they think they get themselves  
great credit1 excel others1 and to be   
more learned than the rest1 because they
 make many variations2 but he accounts  
them fools1 and whilst they brag of     
their skill1 and think to get themselves
 a name1 they become ridiculous1 betray 
their ignorance and error4 ,a few       
simples well prepared and understood1   
are better than such a heap of nonsense1
 confused compounds1 which are in       
apothecaries' shops ordinarily sold4 ,in
 which many vain1 superfluous1 corrupt1 
exolete1 things out of date are to be   
had 7saith ,cornarius72 a company of    
barbarous names given to syrups1 juleps1
 an unnecessary company of mixed        
medicines2 rudis indigestaque moles4    
,many times 7as ,agrippa taxeth7 there  
is by this means #dagbmore danger from  
the medicine than from the disease1 when
 they put together they know not what1  
or leave it to an illiterate apothecary 
to be made1 they cause death and horror 
for health4 ,those old physicians had no

 such mixtures2 a simple potion of      
hellebore in ,hippocrates' time was the 
ordinary purge2 and at this day1 saith  
#dagc,mat4 ,riccius1 in that flourishing
 commonwealth of ,china1 their          
physicians give precepts quite opposite 
to ours1 not unhappy in their physic2   
they use altogether roots1 herbs1 and   
simples in their medicines1 and all     
their physic in a manner is comprehended
 in a herbal3 no science1 no school1 no 
art1 no degree1 but like a trade1 every 
man in private is instructed of his     
master4 #dagd;,cardan cracks that he can
 cure all diseases with water alone1 as 
,hippocrates of old did most infirmities
 with one medicine4 ,let the best of our
 rational physicians demonstrate and    
give a sufficient reason for those      
intricate mixtures1 why just so many    
simples in mithridate or treacle1 why   
such and such quantity2 may they not be 
reduced to half or a quarter8 ,frustra  
fit per plura 7as the saying is7 quod   
fieri potest per pauciora2 #cjj simples 

in a julep1 potion1 or a little pill1 to
 what end or purpose8 ,i know not what  
#dage;,alkindus1 ,capivaccius1          
,montagna1 and ,simon ,eitover1 the best
 of them all and most rational1 have    
said in this kind2 but neither he1 they1
 nor any one of them1 gives his reader1 
to my judgment1 that satisfaction which 
he ought2 why such1 so many simples8    
,rog4 ,bacon hath taxed many errors in  
his tract de graduationibus1 explained  
some things1 but not cleared4           
,mercurialis in his book de composit4   
medicin4 gives instance in ,hamech1 and 
,philonium ,romanum1 which ,hamech an   
,arabian1 and ,philonius a ,roman1 long 
since composed1 but crasse as the rest4 
,if they be so exact1 as by him it seems
 they were1 and those mixtures so       
perfect1 why doth ,fernelius alter the  
one1 and why is the other obsolete8     
#dagf;,cardan taxeth ,galen for         
presuming out of his ambition to correct
 ,theriachum ,andromachi1 and we as     
justly may carp at all the rest4        

,galen's medicines are now exploded and 
rejected2 what ,nicholas ,meripsa1      
,mesue1 ,celsus1 ,scribanius1           
,actuarius1 c4 writ of old1 are most    
part contemned4 ,mellichius1 ,cordus1   
,wecker1 ,quercetan1 ,renodeus1 the     
,venetian1 ,florentine states have their
 several receipts1 and magistrals3 they 
of ,nuremberg have theirs1 and          
,augustana ,pharmacopoeia1 peculiar     
medicines to the meridian of the city3  
,london hers1 every city1 town1 almost  
every private man hath his own mixtures1
 compositions1 receipts1 magistrals1    
precepts1 as if he scorned antiquity1   
and all others in respect of himself4   
,but each man must correct and alter to 
show his skill1 every opinionative      
fellow must maintain his own paradox1 be
 it what it will2 ,delirant reges1      
plectuntur ,achivi3 they dote1 and in   
the meantime the poor patients pay for  
their new experiments1 the commonalty   
rue it4 ,thus others object1 thus ,i may
 conceive out of the weakness of my     

apprehension2 but to say truth1 there is
 no such fault1 no such ambition1 no    
novelty1 or ostentation1 as some        
suppose2 but as #daggone answers1 this  
of compound medicines1 is a most noble  
and profitable invention found out1 and 
brought into physic with great judgment1
 wisdom1 counsel and discretion4 ,mixed 
diseases must have mixed remedies1 and  
such simples are commonly mixed as have 
reference to the part affected1 some to 
qualify1 the rest to comfort1 some one  
part1 some another4 ,cardan and         
,brassavola both hold that ,nullum      
simplex medicamentum sine noxa1 no      
simple medicine is without hurt or      
offence2 and although ,hippocrates1     
,erasistratus1 ,diocles of old1 in the  
infancy of this art1 were content with  
ordinary simples3 yet now1 saith        
#dagh;,aetius1 necessity compelleth to  
seek for new remedies1 and to make      
compounds of simples1 as well to correct
 their harms if cold1 dry1 hot1 thick1  
thin1 insipid1 noisome to smell1 to make

 them savoury to the palate1 pleasant to
 taste and take1 and to preserve them   
for continuance1 by admixtion of sugar1 
honey1 to make them last months and     
years for several uses4 ,in such cases1 
compound medicines may be approved1 and 
,arnoldus in his #ah4 aphorism1 doth    
allow of it4 #dagi;,if simples cannot1  
necessity compels us to use compounds2  
so for receipts and magistrals1 dies    
diem docet1 one day teacheth another1   
and they are as so many words or        
phrases1 ,que nunc sunt in honore       
vocabula si volet usus1 ebb and flow    
with the season1 and as wits vary1 so   
they may be infinitely varied4 ,quisque 
suum placitum quo capiatur habet4 ,every
 man as he likes1 so many men so many   
minds1 and yet all tending to good      
purpose1 though not the same way4 ,as   
arts and sciences1 so physic is still   
perfected amongst the rest2 ,horae      
musarum nutrices1 and experience        
teacheth us every day #dahjmany things  
which our predecessors knew not of4     

,nature is not effete1 as he saith1 or  
so lavish1 to bestow all her gifts upon 
an age1 but hath reserved some for      
posterity1 to show her power1 that she  
is still the same1 and not old or       
consumed4 ,birds and beasts can cure    
themselves by nature1 #dahanaturae usu  
ea plerumque cognoscunt quae homines vix
 longo labore et doctrina assequuntur1  
but men must use much labour and        
industry to find it out4 ,but ,i        
digress4 ,compound medicines are        
inwardly taken1 or outwardly applied4   
,inwardly taken1 be either liquid or    
solid3 liquid1 are fluid or consisting4 
,fluid1 as wines and syrups4 ,the wines 
ordinarily used to this disease are     
wormwood wine1 tamarisk1 and            
buglossatum1 wine made of borage and    
bugloss1 the composition of which is    
specified in ,arnoldus ,villanovanus1   
lib4 de vinis1 of borage1 balm1 bugloss1
 cinnamon1 c4 and highly commended for  
its virtues3 #dahb;it drives away       
leprosy1 scabs1 clears the blood1       

recreates the spirits1 exhilarates the  
mind1 purgeth the brain of those anxious
 black melancholy fumes1 and cleanseth  
the whole body of that black humour by  
urine4 ,to which ,i add1 saith          
,villanovanus1 that it will bring       
madmen1 and such raging bedlamites as   
are tied in chains1 to the use of their 
reason again4 ,my conscience bears me   
witness1 that ,i do not lie1 ,i saw a   
grave matron helped by this means2 she  
was so choleric1 and so furious         
sometimes1 that she was almost mad1 and 
beside herself2 she said1 and did she   
knew not what1 scolded1 beat her maids1 
and was now ready to be bound till she  
drank of this borage wine1 and by this  
excellent remedy was cured1 which a poor
 foreigner1 a silly beggar1 taught her  
by chance1 that came to crave an alms   
from door to door4 ,the juice of borage1
 if it be clarified1 and drunk in wine1 
will do as much1 the roots sliced and   
steeped1 c4 saith ,ant4 ,mizaldus1 art4 
med4 who cities this story verbatim out 

of ,villanovanus1 and so doth ,magninus 
a physician of ,milan1 in his regimen of
 health4 ,such another excellent        
compound water ,i find in ,rubeus de    
distill4 sect4 #c4 which he highly      
magnifies out of ,savanarola1 #dahc;for 
such as are solitary1 dull1 heavy or sad
 without a cause1 or be troubled with   
trembling of heart4 ,other excellent    
compound waters for melancholy1 he cites
 in the same place4 #dahd;,if their     
melancholy be not inflamed1 or their    
temperature over-hot4 ,evonimus hath a  
precious aquavitae to this purpose1 for 
such as are cold4 ,but he and most      
commend aurum potabile1 and every writer
 prescribes clarified whey1 with borage1
 bugloss1 endive1 succory1 c4 of goat's 
milk especially1 some indefinitely at   
all times1 some thirty days together in 
the spring1 every morning fasting1 a    
good draught4 ,syrups are very good1 and
 often used to digest this humour in the
 heart1 spleen1 liver1 c4 ,as syrup of  
borage 7there is a famous syrup of      

borage highly commended by ,laurentius  
to this purpose in his tract of         
melancholy71 de pomis of king ,sabor1   
now obsolete1 of thyme and epithyme1    
hops1 scolopendria1 fumitory1           
maidenhair1 bizantine1 c4 ,these are    
most used for preparatives to other     
physic1 mixed with distilled waters of  
like nature1 or in juleps otherwise4    
,consisting1 are conserves or           
confections2 conserves of borage1       
bugloss1 balm1 fumitory1 succory1       
maidenhair1 violets1 roses1 wormwood1 c4
 ,confections1 treacle1 mithridate1     
eclegms1 or linctures1 c4 ,solid1 as    
aromatical confections3 hot1 diambra1   
diamargaritum calidum1 dianthus1        
diamoschum dulce1 electuarium de gemmis 
laetificans ,galeni et ,rhasis1         
diagalanga1 diaciminum dianisum1        
diatrion piperion1 diazinziber1         
diacapers1 diacinnamonum3 ,cold1 as     
diamargaritum frigidum1 diacorolli1     
diarrhodon abbatis1 diacodion1 c4 as    
every pharmacopoeia will show you1 with 

their tables or losings that are made   
out of them3 with condites and the like4
 ,outwardly used as occasion serves1 as 
amulets1 oils hot and cold1 as of       
camomile1 staechados1 violets1 roses1   
almonds1 poppy1 nymphea1 mandrake1 c4 to
 be used after bathing1 or to procure   
sleep4 ,ointments composed of the said  
species1 oils and wax1 c41 as           
,alablastritum ,populeum1 some hot1 some
 cold1 to moisten1 procure sleep1 and   
correct other accidents4 ,liniments are 
made of the same matter to the like     
purpose3 emplasters of herbs1 flowers1  
roots1 c41 with oils1 and other liquors 
mixed and boiled together4 ,cataplasms1 
salves1 or poultices made of green      
herbs1 pounded1 or sod in water till    
they be soft1 which are applied to the  
hypochondries1 and other parts1 when the
 body is empty4 ,cerotes are applied to 
several parts and frontals1 to take away
 pain1 grief1 heat1 procure sleep4      
,fomentations or sponges1 wet in some   
decoctions1 c41 epithemata1 or those    

moist medicines1 laid on linen1 to bathe
 and cool several parts misaffected4    
,sacculi1 or little bags of herbs1      
flowers1 seeds1 roots1 and the like1    
applied to the head1 heart1 stomach1 c41
 odoraments1 balls1 perfumes1 posies to 
smell to1 all which have their several  
uses in melancholy1 as shall be shown1  
when ,i treat of the cure of the        
distinct species by themselves4  ,,memb4
 ,,ii4  ,,subsect4 ,i4--,purging        
,simples upward4  ,melanagoga1 or       
melancholy purging medicines1 are either
 simple or compound1 and that gently1 or
 violently1 purging upward or downward4 
,these following purge upward4          
#dahe;,asarum1 or ,asrabecca1 which1 as 
,mesue saith1 is hot in the second      
degree1 and dry in the third1 it is     
commonly taken in wine1 whey1 or as with
 us1 the juice of two or three leaves or
 more sometimes1 pounded in posset drink
 qualified with a little liquorice1 or  
aniseed1 to avoid the fulsomeness of the
 taste1 or as ,diaserum ,fernelii4      

,brassivola in ,catart4 reckons it up   
amongst those simples that only purge   
melancholy1 and ,ruellius confirms as   
much out of his experience1 that it     
purgeth #dahf;black choler1 like        
hellebore itself4 ,galen1 lib4 ,g4      
simplic4 and #dahg,matthiolus ascribe   
other virtues to it1 and will have it   
purge other humours as well as this4    
,laurel1 by ,heurnius's method1 ad prax4
 lib4 #b4 cap4 #bd4 is put amongst the  
strong purgers of melancholy2 it is hot 
and dry in the fourth degree4           
,dioscorides1 lib4 #aa4 cap4 #aad4 adds 
other effects to it4 #dahh,pliny sets   
down fifteen berries in drink for a     
sufficient potion3 it is commonly       
corrected with his opposites1 cold and  
moist1 as juice of endive1 purslane1 and
 is taken in a potion to seven grains   
and a half4 ,but this and asrabecca1    
every gentlewoman in the country knows  
how to give1 they are two common vomits4
 ,scilla1 or sea-onion1 is hot and dry  
in the third degree4 ,brassivola in     

,catart4 out of ,mesue1 others1 and his 
own experience1 will have this simple to
 purge #dahimelancholy alone4 ,it is an 
ordinary vomit1 vinum scilliticum mixed 
with rubel in a little white wine4      
,white hellebore1 which some call       
sneezing-powder1 a strong purger upward1
 which many reject1 as being too        
violent3 ,mesue and ,averroes will not  
admit of it1 #daij;by reason of danger  
of suffocation1 #daia;great pain and    
trouble it puts the poor patient to1    
saith ,dodonaeus4 ,yet ,galen1 lib4 #f4 
simpl4 med4 and ,dioscorides1 cap4 #ade4
 allow of it4 ,it was indeed #daib      
terrible in former times1 as ,pliny     
notes1 but now familiar1 insomuch that  
many took it in those days1 #daicthat   
were students1 to quicken their wits1   
which ,persius ,sat4 #a4 objects to     
,accius the poet1 ,illas ,acci ebria    
veratro4 #daid;,it helps melancholy1 the
 falling sickness1 madness1 gout1 c41   
but not to be taken of old men1 youths1 
such as are weaklings1 nice1 or         

effeminate1 troubled with headache1     
high-coloured1 or fear strangling1 saith
 ,dioscorides4 #daie,oribasius1 an old  
physician1 hath written very copiously1 
and approves of it1 in such affections  
which can otherwise hardly be cured4    
,hernius1 lib4 #b4 prax4 med4 de        
vomitoriis1 will not have it used       
#daif;but with great caution1 by reason 
of its strength1 and then when antimony 
will do no good1 which caused           
,hermophilus to compare it to a stout   
captain 7as ,codroneus observes cap4 #g4
 comment4 de ,helleb47 that will see all
 his soldiers go before him and come    
post principia1 like the bragging       
soldier1 last himself2 #daigwhen other  
helps fail in inveterate melancholy1 in 
a desperate case1 this vomit is to be   
taken4 ,and yet for all this1 if it be  
well prepared1 it may be #daih securely 
given at first4 #daii,matthiolus brags1 
that he hath often1 to the good of many1
 made use of it1 and ,heurnius1         
#dbjjthat he hath happily used it1      

prepared after his own prescript1 and   
with good success4 ,christophorus a     
,vega1 lib4 #c4 c4 #da1 is of the same  
opinion1 that it may be lawfully given2 
and our country gentlewomen find it by  
their common practice1 that there is no 
such great danger in it4 ,dr4 ,turner1  
speaking of this plant in his ,herbal1  
telleth us1 that in his time it was an  
ordinary receipt among good wives1 to   
give hellebore in powder to ii'd weight1
 and he is not much against it4 ,but    
they do commonly exceed1 for who so bold
 as blind ,bayard1 and prescribe it by  
pennyworths1 and such irrational ways1  
as ,i have heard myself market folks ask
 for it in an apothecary's shop3 but    
with what success ,god knows2 they smart
 often for their rash boldness and      
folly1 break a vein1 make their eyes    
ready to start out of their heads1 or   
kill themselves4 ,so that the fault is  
not in the physic1 but in the rude and  
indiscreet handling of it4 ,he that will
 know1 therefore1 when to use1 how to   

prepare it aright1 and in what dose1 let
 him read ,heurnius lib4 #b4 prax4 med4 
,brassivola de ,catart4 ,godefridus     
,stegius the emperor ,rudolphus'        
physician1 cap4 #af4 ,matthiolus in     
,dioscor4 and that excellent commentary 
of ,baptista ,codroncus1 which is instar
 omnium de ,helleb4 alb4 where we shall 
find great diversity of examples and    
receipts4 ,antimony or stibium1 which   
our chemists so much magnify1 is either 
taken in substance or infusion1 c41 and 
frequently prescribed in this disease4  
,it helps all infirmities1 saith        
#dbja,matthiolus1 which proceed from    
black choler1 falling sickness1 and     
hypochondriacal passions2 and for       
farther proof of his assertion1 he gives
 several instances of such as have been 
freed with it3 #dbjbone of ,andrew      
,gallus1 a physician of ,trent1 that    
after many other essays1 imputes the    
recovery of his health1 next after ,god1
 to this remedy alone4 ,another of      
,george ,handshius1 that in like sort1  

when other medicines failed1 #dbjcwas by
 this restored to his former health1 and
 which of his knowledge others have     
likewise tried1 and by the help of this 
admirable medicine1 been recovered4 ,a  
third of a parish priest at ,prague in  
,bohemia1 #dbjdthat was so far gone with
 melancholy1 that he doted1 and spake he
 knew not what2 but after he had taken  
twelve grains of stibium1 7as ,i myself 
saw1 and can witness1 for ,i was called 
to see this miraculous accident7 he was 
purged of a deal of black choler1 like  
little gobbets of flesh1 and all his    
excrements were as black blood 7a       
medicine fitter for a horse than a man71
 yet it did him so much good1 that the  
next day he was perfectly cured4 ,this  
very story of the ,bohemian priest1     
,sckenkius relates verbatim1 ,exoter4   
experiment4 ad4 var4 morb4 cent4 #f4    
observ4 #f4 with great approbation of   
it4 ,hercules de ,saxonia calls it a    
profitable medicine1 if it be taken     
after meat to six or eight grains1 of   

such as are apt to vomit4 ,rodericus a  
,fonseca the ,spaniard1 and late        
professor of ,padua in ,italy1 extols it
 to this disease1 ,tom4 #b4 consul4 #he4
 so doth ,lod4 ,mercatus de inter4 morb4
 cur4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ag4 with many      
others4 ,jacobus ,gervinus a ,french    
physician1 on the other side1 lib4 #b4  
de venemis confut4 explodes all this1   
and saith he took three grains only upon
 ,matthiolus and some others'           
commendation1 but it almost killed him1 
whereupon he concludes1 #dbje;antimony  
is rather poison than a medicine4 ,th4  
,erastus concurs with him in his        
opinion1 and so doth ,aelian ,montaltus 
cap4 #cj de melan4 ,but what do ,i talk8
 'tis the subject of whole books2 ,i    
might cite a century of authors pro and 
con4 ,i will conclude with              
#dbjf,zuinger1 antimony is like         
,scanderbeg's sword1 which is either    
good or bad1 strong or weak1 as the     
party is that prescribes1 or useth it3 a
 worthy medicine if it be rightly       

applied to a strong man1 otherwise      
poison4 ,for the preparing of it1 look  
in ,evonimi thesaurus1 ,quercetan1      
,oswaldus ,crollius1 ,basil4 ,chim4     
,basil4 ,valentius1 c4 ,tobacco1 divine1
 rare1 superexcellent tobacco1 which    
goes far beyond all the panaceas1       
potable gold1 and philosopher's stones1 
a sovereign remedy to all diseases4 ,a  
good vomit1 ,i confess1 a virtuous herb1
 if it be well qualified1 opportunely   
taken1 and medicinally used2 but as it  
is commonly abused by most men1 which   
take it as tinkers do ale1 'tis a       
plague1 a mischief1 a violent purger of 
goods1 lands1 health1 hellish1 devilish 
and damned tobacco1 the ruin and        
overthrow of body and soul4  ,,subsect4 
,,ii4--,simples purging ,melancholy     
downward4  ,polypody and epithyme are1  
without all exceptions1 gentle purgers  
of melancholy4 ,dioscorides will have   
them void phlegm2 but ,brassivola out of
 his experience averreth1 that they     
purge this humour2 they are used in     

decoction1 infusion1 c4 simple1 mixed1  
c4 ,mirabolanes1 all five kinds1 are    
happily #dbjgprescribed against         
melancholy and quartan agues2           
,brassivola speaks out #dbjhof a        
thousand experiences1 he gave them in   
pills1 decoctions1 c41 look for peculiar
 receipts in him4 ,stoechas1 fumitory1  
dodder1 herb mercury1 roots of capers1  
genista or broom1 pennyroyal and        
half-boiled cabbage1 ,i find in this    
catalogue of purgers of black choler1   
origan1 featherfew1 ammoniac #dbjisalt1 
saltpetre4 ,but these are very gentle2  
alyppus1 dragon root1 centaury1 ditany1 
colutea1 which ,fuchsius cap4 #afh and  
others take for senna1 but most         
distinguish4 ,senna is in the middle of 
violent and gentle purgers downward1 hot
 in the second degree1 dry in the first4
 ,brassivola calls it #dbaj;a wonderful 
herb against melancholy1 it scours the  
blood1 lightens the spirits1 shakes off 
sorrow1 a most profitable medicine1 as  
#dbaa ,dodonaeus terms it1 invented by  

the ,arabians1 and not heard of before4 
,it is taken diverse ways1 in powder1   
infusion1 but most commonly in the      
infusion1 with ginger1 or some cordial  
flowers added to correct it4 ,actuarius 
commends it sodden in broth1 with an old
 cock1 or in whey1 which is the common  
conveyor of all such things as purge    
black choler2 or steeped in wine1 which 
,heurnius accounts sufficient1 without  
any farther correction4 ,aloes by most  
is said to purge choler1 but ,aurelianus
 lib4 #b4 c4 #f4 de morb4 chron4        
,arculanus cap4 #f4 in #i4 ,rhasis      
,julius ,alexandrinus1 consil4 #ahe4    
,scoltz4 ,crato consil #ahi4 ,scoltz4   
prescribe it to this disease2 as good   
for the stomach and to open the         
haemorrhoids1 out of ,mesue1 ,rhasis1   
,serapio1 ,avicenna3 ,menardus ep4 lib4 
#a4 epist4 #a4 opposeth it1 aloes       
#dbab;doth not open the veins1 or move  
the haemorrhoids1 which ,leonhartus     
,fuchsius paradox4 lib4 #a4 likewise    
affirms2 but ,brassivola and ,dodonaeus 

defend ,mesue out of their experience2  
let #dbac,valesius end the controversy4 
,lapis armenus and lazuli are much      
magnified by #dbad;,alexander lib4 #a4  
cap4 #af4 ,avicenna1 ,aetius1 and       
,actuarius1 if they be well washed1 that
 the water be no more coloured1 fifty   
times some say4 #dbae,that good         
,alexander 7saith ,guianerus7 puts such 
confidence in this one medicine1 that he
 thought all melancholy passions might  
be cured by it2 and ,i for my part have 
oftentimes happily used it1 and was     
never deceived in the operation of it4  
,the like may be said of lapis lazuli1  
though it be somewhat weaker than the   
other4 ,garcias ab ,horto1 hist4 lib4   
#a4 cap4 #fe4 relates1 that the         
#dbafphysicians of the ,moors familiarly
 prescribe it to all melancholy         
passions1 and ,matthiolus ep4 lib4 #c4  
#dbag;brags of that happy success which 
he still had in the administration of   
it4 ,nicholas ,meripsa puts it amongst  
the best remedies1 sect4 #a4 cap4 #ab4  

in ,antidotis2 #dbah;and if this will   
not serve 7saith ,rhasis7 then there    
remains nothing but lapis armenus and   
hellebore itself4 ,valescus and ,jason  
,pratensis much commend pulvis hali1    
which is made of it4 ,james ,damascen4  
#b4 cap4 #ab4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 c41
 speaks well of it4 ,crato will not     
approve this2 it and both hellebores1 he
 saith1 are no better than poison4      
,victor ,trincavelius1 lib4 #b4 cap4    
#ad1 found it in his experience1 #dbaito
 be very noisome1 to trouble the        
stomach1 and hurt their bodies that take
 it overmuch4 ,black hellebore1 that    
most renowned plant1 and famous purger  
of melancholy1 which all antiquity so   
much used and admired1 was first found  
out by ,melanpodius a shepherd1 as      
,pliny records1 lib4 #be4 cap4 #e4      
#dbbjwho1 seeing it to purge his goats  
when they raved1 practised it upon      
,elige and ,calene1 ,king ,praetus'     
daughters1 that ruled in ,arcadia1 near 
the fountain ,clitorius1 and restored   

them to their former health4 ,in        
,hippocrates's time it was in only      
request1 insomuch that he writ a book of
 it1 a fragment of which remains yet4   
,theophrastus1 #dbba;,galen1 ,pliny1    
,caelius ,aurelianus1 as ancient as     
,galen1 lib4 #a1 cap4 #f4 ,aretus lib4  
#a4 cap4 #e4 ,oribasius lib4 #g4        
collect4 a famous ,greek1 ,aetius ser4  
#c4 cap4 #aab  #aac p4 ,aegineta1       
,galen's ,ape1 lib4 #g4 cap4 #d4        
,actuarius1 ,trallianus lib4 #e4 cap4   
#ae4 ,cornelius ,celsus only remaining  
of the old ,latins1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #bc1  
extol and admire this excellent plant2  
and it was generally so much esteemed of
 the ancients for this disease amongst  
the rest1 that they sent all such as    
were crazed1 or that doted1 to the      
,anticyrae1 or to ,phocis in ,achaia1 to
 be purged1 where this plant was in     
abundance to be had4 ,in ,strabo's time 
it was an ordinary voyage1 ,naviget     
,anticyras2 a common proverb among the  
,greeks and ,latins1 to bid a dizzard or

 a mad man go take hellebore2 as in     
,lucian1 ,menippus to ,tantalus1        
,tantale desipis1 helleboro epoto tibi  
opus est1 eoque sane meraco1 thou art   
out of thy little wit1 ,o ,tantalus1 and
 must needs drink hellebore1 and that   
without mixture4 ,aristophanes in       
,vespis1 drink hellebore1 c4 and ,harpax
 in the #dbbb ,comoedian1 told ,simo and
 ,ballio1 two doting fellows1 that they 
had need to be purged with this plant4  
,when that proud ,menacrates  1 had writ
 an arrogant letter to ,philip of       
,macedon1 he sent back no other answer  
but this1 ,consulo tibi ut ad ,anticyram
 te conferas1 noting thereby that he was
 crazed1 atque ellebore indigere1 had   
much need of a good purge4 ,lilius      
,geraldus saith1 that ,hercules1 after  
all his mad pranks upon his wife and    
children1 was perfectly cured by a purge
 of hellebore1 which an ,anticyrian     
administered unto him4 ,they that were  
sound commonly took it to quicken their 
wits1 7as ,ennis of old1 #dbbc,qui non  

nisi potus ad arma--prosiluit dicenda1  
and as our poets drink sack to improve  
their inventions 7,i find it so         
registered by ,agellius lib4 #ag4 cap4  
#ae47 ,cameades the academic1 when he   
was to write against ,zeno the stoic1   
purged himself with hellebore first1    
which #dbbd,petronius puts upon         
,chrysippus4 ,in such esteem it         
continued for many ages1 till at length 
,mesue and some other ,arabians began to
 reject and reprehend it1 upon whose    
authority for many following lustres1 it
 was much debased and quite out of      
request1 held to be poison and no       
medicine2 and is still oppugned to this 
day by #dbbe ,crato and some junior     
physicians4 ,their reasons are1 because 
,aristotle l4 #a4 de plant4 c4 #c4 said1
 henbane and hellebore were poison2 and 
,alexander ,aphrodiseus1 in the preface 
of his problems1 gave out1 that         
7speaking of hellebore7 #dbbf,quails fed
 on that which was poison to men4       
,galen4 l4 #f4 ,epid4 com4 #e4 ,text4   

#ce4 confirms as much3                  
#dbbg;,constantine the emperor in his   
,geoponicks1 attributes no other virtue 
to it1 than to kill mice and rats1 flies
 and mouldwarps1 and so ,mizaldus1      
,nicander of old1 ,gervinus1 ,sckenkius1
 and some other ,neoterics that have    
written of poisons1 speak of hellebore  
in a chief place4 #dbbh,nicholas        
,leonicus hath a story of ,solon1 that  
besieging1 ,i know not what city1       
steeped hellebore in a spring of water1 
which by pipes was conveyed into the    
middle of the town1 and so either       
poisoned1 or else made them so feeble   
and weak by purging1 that they were not 
able to bear arms4 ,notwithstanding all 
these cavils and objections1 most of our
 late writers do much approve of it4    
#dbbi ,gariopontus lib4 #a4 cap4 #ac4   
,codronchus com4 de helleb4 ,fallopius  
lib4 de med4 purg4 simpl4 cap4 #fi4 et  
consil4 #ae4 ,trincavelii1 ,montanus    
#bci4 ,frisemelica consil4 #ad4         
,hercules de ,saxonia1 so that it be    

opportunely given4 ,jacobus de ,dondis1 
,agg4 ,amatus1 ,lucet4 cent4 #ff4       
,godef4 ,stegius cap4 #ac4 ,hollerius1  
and all our herbalists subscribe4       
,fernelius meth4 med4 lib4 #e4 cap4 #af4
 confesseth it to be a #dbcj terrible   
purge and hard to take1 yet well given  
to strong men1 and such as have able    
bodies4 ,p4 ,forestus and ,capivaccius  
forbid it to be taken in substance1 but 
allow it in decoction or infusion1 both 
which ways ,p4 ,monavius approves above 
all others1 ,epist4 #bca4 ,scoltzii1    
,jacchinus in #i4 ,rhasis1 commends a   
receipt of his own preparing2 ,penottus 
another of his chemically prepared1     
,evonimus another4 ,hildesheim spicel4  
#b4 de mel4 hath many examples how it   
should be used1 with diversity of       
receipts4 ,heurnius lib4 #g4 prax4 med4 
cap4 #ad4 calls it an #dbca;innocent    
medicine howsoever1 if it be well       
prepared4 ,the root of it is only in    
use1 which may be kept many years1 and  
by some given in substance1 as by       

,fallopius and ,brassivola amongst the  
rest1 who #dbcb;brags that he was the   
first that restored it again to its use1
 and tells a story how he cured one     
,melatasta1 a madman1 that was thought  
to be possessed1 in the ,duke of        
,ferrara's court1 with one purge of     
black hellebore in substance3 the       
receipt is there to be seen2 his        
excrements were like ink1 #dbcc;he      
perfectly healed at once2 ,vidus        
,vidius1 a ,dutch physician1 will not   
admit of it in substance1 to whom most  
subscribe1 but as before1 in the        
decoction1 infusion1 or which is all in 
all1 in the extract1 which he prefers   
before the rest1 and calls suave        
medicamentum1 a sweet medicine1 an easy1
 that may be securely given to women1   
children1 and weaklings4 ,baracellus1   
horto geniali1 terms it maximae         
praestantia medicamentum1 a medicine of 
great worth and note4 ,quercetan in his 
,spagir ,phar4 and many others1 tell    
wonders of the extract4 ,paracelsus1    

above all the rest1 is the greatest     
admirer of this plant2 and especially   
the extract1 he calls it ,theriacum1    
terrestre ,balsamum1 another treacle1 a 
terrestrial balm1 instar omnium1 all in 
all1 the #dbcdsole and last refuge to   
cure this malady1 the gout1 epilepsy1   
leprosy1 c4 ,if this will not help1 no  
physic in the world can but mineral1 it 
is the upshot of all4 ,matthiolus laughs
 at those that except against it1 and   
though some abhor it out of the         
authority of ,mesue1 and dare not       
adventure to prescribe it1 #dbceyet ,i  
7saith he7 have happily used it six     
hundred times without offence1 and      
communicated it to divers worthy        
physicians1 who have given me great     
thanks for it4 ,look for receipts1 dose1
 preparation1 and other cautions        
concerning this simple1 in him1         
,brassivola1 ,baracelsus1 ,codronchus1  
and the rest4  ,,subsect4               
,,iii4--,compound ,purgers4  ,compound  
medicines which purge melancholy1 are   

either taken in the superior or inferior
 parts3 superior at mouth or nostrils4  
,at the mouth swallowed or not          
swallowed3 ,if swallowed liquid or      
solid3 liquid1 as compound wine of      
hellebore1 scilla or sea-onion1 senna1  
,vinum ,scilliticum1 ,helleboratum1     
which #dbcf,quercetan so much applauds  
for melancholy and madness1 either      
inwardly taken1 or outwardly applied to 
the head1 with little pieces of linen   
dipped warm in it4 ,oxymel4             
,scilliticum1 ,syrupus ,helleboratus    
major and minor in ,quercetan1 and      
,syrupus ,genistae for hypochondriacal  
melancholy in the same author1 compound 
syrup of succory1 of fumitory1 polypody1
 c4 ,heurnius his purging cock-broth4   
,some except against these syrups1 as   
appears by #dbcg,udalrinus ,leonoras his
 epistle to ,matthiolus1 as most        
pernicious1 and that out of             
,hippocrates1 cocta movere1 et medicari1
 non cruda1 no raw things to be used in 
physic2 but this in the following       

epistle is exploded and soundly confuted
 by ,matthiolus3 many juleps1 potions1  
receipts1 are composed of these1 as you 
shall find in ,hildesheim spicel4 #b4   
,heurnius lib4 #b4 cap4 #ad4 ,george    
,sckenkius ,ital4 med4 prax4 c4 ,solid  
purges are confections1 electuaries1    
pills by themselves1 or compound with   
others1 as de lapide lazulo1 armeno1    
pil4 indae1 of fumitory1 c4 ,confection 
of ,hamech1 which though most approve1  
,solenander sec4 #e4 consil4 #bb4       
bitterly inveighs against1 so doth      
,rondoletius ,pharmacop4 officina1      
,fernelius and others2 diasena1         
diapolypodium1 diacassia1 diacatholicon1
 ,wecker's electuary de ,epithymo1      
,ptolemy's hierologadium1 of which      
divers receipts are daily made4 ,aetius 
#bb4 #bc4 commends ,hieram ,ruffi4      
,trincavelius consil4 #ab4 lib4 #d4     
approves of hiera2 non1 inquit1 invenio 
melius medicamentum1 ,i find no better  
medicine1 he saith4 ,heurnius adds pil4 
aggregat4 pills de ,epithymo4 pil4 ,ind4

 ,mesue describes in the ,florentine    
,antidotary1 ,pilulae sine quibus esse  
nolo1 ,pilulae1 ,cochics1 cum           
,helleboro1 ,pil4 ,arabicae1 ,faetida1  
de quinque generibus mirabolanorum1 c4  
,more proper to melancholy1 not         
excluding in the meantime1 turbith1     
manna1 rhubarb1 agaric1 elescophe1 c4   
which are not so proper to this humour4 
,for1 as ,montaltus holds cap4 #cj4 and 
,montanus cholera etiam purganda1 quod  
atrae1 sit pabulum1 choler is to be     
purged because it feeds the other3 and  
some are of an opinion1 as ,erasistratus
 and ,asclepiades maintained of old1    
against whom ,galen disputes1 #dbchthat 
no physic doth purge one humour alone1  
but all alike or what is next4 ,most    
therefore in their receipts and         
magistrals which are coined here1 make a
 mixture of several simples and         
compounds to purge all humours in       
general as well as this4 ,some rather   
use potions than pills to purge this    
humour1 because that as ,heurnius and   

,crato observe1 hic succus a sicco      
remedio agre trahitur1 this juice is not
 so easily drawn by dry remedies1 and as
 ,montanus adviseth #be cons4 ,all      
#dbci;drying medicines are to be        
repelled1 as aloe1 hiera1 and all pills 
whatsoever1 because the disease is dry  
of itself4 ,i might here insert many    
receipts of prescribed potions1 boles1  
c4 ,the doses of these1 but that they   
are common in every good physician1 and 
that ,i am loath to incur the censure of
 ,forestus1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #f4 de urinis1
 #dbdj;against those that divulge and   
publish medicines in their              
mother-tongue1 and lest ,i should give  
occasion thereby to some ignorant reader
 to practise on himself1 without the    
consent of a good physician4 ,such as   
are not swallowed1 but only kept in the 
mouth1 are gargarisms used commonly     
after a purge1 when the body is soluble 
and loose4 ,or apophlegmatisms1         
masticatories1 to be held and chewed in 
the mouth1 which are gentle1 as hyssop1 

origan1 pennyroyal1 thyme1 mustard2     
strong1 as pellitory1 pepper1 ginger1 c4
 ,such as are taken into the nostrils1  
errhina are liquid or dry1 juice of     
pimpernel1 onions1 c41 castor1 pepper1  
white hellebore1 c4 ,to these you may   
add odoraments1 perfumes1 and           
suffumigations1 c4 ,taken into the      
inferior parts are clysters strong or   
weak1 suppositories of ,castilian soap1 
honey boiled to a consistence2 or       
stronger of scammony1 hellebore1 c4     
,these are all used1 and prescribed to  
this malady upon several occasions1 as  
shall be shown in its place4  ,,memb4   
,,iii4  ,chirurgical ,remedies4  ,in    
letting of blood three main             
circumstances are to be considered1     
#dbda ,who1 how much1 when4 ,that is1   
that it be done to such a one as may    
endure it1 or to whom it may belong1    
that he be of a competent age1 not too  
young1 nor too old1 overweak1 fat1 or   
lean1 sore laboured1 but to such as have
 need1 are full of bad blood1 noxious   

humours1 and may be eased by it4 ,the   
quantity depends upon the party's habit 
of body1 as he is strong or weak1 full  
or empty1 may spare more or less4 ,in   
the morning is the fittest time3 some   
doubt whether it be best fasting1 or    
full1 whether the moon's motion or      
aspect of planets be to be observed2    
some affirm1 some deny1 some grant in   
acute1 but not in chronic diseases1     
whether before or after physic4 ',tis   
,heurnius' aphorism a phlebotomia       
auspicandum esse curiationem1 non a     
pharmacia1 you must begin with          
bloodletting and not physic2 some except
 this peculiar malady4 ,but what do ,i8 
,horatius ,augenius1 a physician of     
,padua1 hath lately writ #ag books of   
this subject1 ,jobertus1 c4 ,particular 
kinds of bloodletting in use #dbdb;are  
three1 first is that opening a vein in  
the arm with a sharp knife1 or in the   
head1 knees1 or any other parts1 as     
shall be thought fit4 ,cupping-glasses  
with or without scarification1 ocyssime 

compescunt1 saith ,fernelius1 they work 
presently1 and are applied to several   
parts1 to divert humours1 aches1 winds1 
c4 ,horseleeches are much used in       
melancholy1 applied especially to the   
haemorrhoids4 ,horatius ,augenius1 lib4 
#aj4 cap4 #aj4 ,platerus de mentis      
alienat4 cap4 #c4 ,altomarus1 ,piso1 and
 many others1 prefer them before any    
evacuations in this kind4               
#dbdc;,cauteries1 or searing with hot   
irons1 combustions1 borings1 lancings1  
which1 because they are terrible1       
,dropax and ,sinapismus are invented by 
plasters to raise blisters1 and eating  
medicines of pitch1 mustard-seed1 and   
the like4 ,issues still to be kept open1
 made as the former1 and applied in and 
to several parts1 have their use here on
 divers occasions1 as shall be shown4   
,,sect4 ,v4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4     
,i4--,particular ,cure of the three     
several ,kinds2 of ,head ,melancholy4   
,the general cures thus briefly examined
 and discussed1 it remains now to apply 

these medicines to the three particular 
species or kinds1 that1 according to the
 several parts affected1 each man may   
tell in some sort how to help or ease   
himself4 ,i will treat of head          
melancholy first1 in which1 as in all   
other good cures1 we must begin with    
diet1 as a matter of most moment1 able  
oftentimes of itself to work this       
effect4 ,i have read1 saith ,laurentius1
 cap4 #h4 de ,melanch4 that in old      
diseases which have gotten the upper    
hand or a habit1 the manner of living is
 to more purpose1 than whatsoever can be
 drawn out of the most precious boxes of
 the apothecaries4 ,this diet1 as ,i    
have said1 is not only in choice of meat
 and drink1 but of all those other      
non-natural things4 ,let air be clear   
and moist most part3 diet moistening1 of
 good juice1 easy of digestion1 and not 
windy3 drink clear1 and well brewed1 not
 too strong1 nor too small4 ,make a     
melancholy man fat1 as #dbdd,rhasis     
saith1 and thou hast finished the cure4 

,exercise not too remiss1 nor too       
violent4 ,sleep a little more than      
ordinary4 #dbde;,excrements daily to be 
voided by art or nature2 and which      
,fernelius enjoins his patient1 consil4 
#dd1 above the rest1 to avoid all       
passions and perturbations of the mind4 
,let him not be alone or idle 7in any   
kind of melancholy71 but still          
accompanied with such friends and       
familiars he most affects1 neatly       
dressed1 washed1 and combed1 according  
to his ability at least1 in clean sweet 
linen1 spruce1 handsome1 decent1 and    
good apparel2 for nothing sooner dejects
 a man than want1 squalor1 and          
nastiness1 foul1 or old clothes out of  
fashion4 ,concerning the medicinal part1
 he that will satisfy himself at large  
7in this precedent of diet7 and see all 
at once the whole cure and manner of it 
in every distinct species1 let him      
consult with ,gordonius1 ,valescus1 with
 ,prosper ,calenius1 lib4 de atra bile  
ad ,card4 ,caesium1 ,laurentius1 cap4   

#h4 et #i4 de mela4 ,aelian ,montaltus1 
de mel4 cap4 #bf4 #bg4 #bh4 #bi4 #cj4   
,donat4 ab ,altomari1 cap4 #g4 artis    
med4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 in ,panth4  
cap4 #g4 et ,tract4 ejus peculiar4 de   
melan4 per ,bolzetam1 edit4 ,venetiis   
#afbj4 cap4 #ag4 #ah4 #ai4 ,savanarola1 
,rub4 #hb4 ,tract4 #h4 cap4 #a4         
,sckenkius1 in prax4 curat4 ,ital4 med4 
,heurnius1 cap4 #ab4 de morb4 ,victorius
 ,faventius1 pract4 ,magn4 et ,empir4   
,hildesheim1 ,spicel4 #b4 de man4 et    
mel4 ,fel4 ,plater1 ,stockerus1 ,bruel4 
,p4 ,baverus1 ,forestus1 ,fuchsius1     
,capivaccius1 ,rondoletius1 ,jason      
,pratensis1 ,sullust4 ,salvian4 de      
remed4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #a4 ,jacchinus1 in 
#i4 ,rhasis1 ,lod4 ,mercatus1 de ,inter4
 morb4 cur4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ag4 ,alexan4 
,messaria1 pract4 med4 lib4 #a4 cap4    
#ba4 de mel4 ,piso4 ,hollerius1 c4 that 
have culled out of those old ,greeks1   
,arabians1 and ,latins1 whatsoever is   
observable or fit to be used4 ,or let   
him read those counsels and             

consultations of ,hugo ,senensis1       
consil4 #ac4 et #ad4 ,reinerus          
,solenander1 consil4 #f4 sec4 #a4 et    
consil4 #c4 sec4 #c4 ,crato1 consil4    
#af4 lib4 #a4 ,montanus #bj4 #bb4 and   
his following counsels1 ,laelius a      
,fonte ,egubinus1 consult4 #dd4 #fi4    
#gg4 #abe4 #abi4 #adb4 ,fernelius1      
consil4 #dd4 #de4 #df4 ,jul4 ,caesar    
,claudinus1 ,mercurialis1 ,frambesarius1
 ,sennertus1 c4 ,wherein he shall find  
particular receipts1 the whole method1  
preparatives1 purgers1 correctors1      
averters1 cordials in great variety and 
abundance3 out of which1 because every  
man cannot attend to read or peruse     
them1 ,i will collect for the benefit of
 the reader1 some few more notable      
medicines4  ,,subsect4                  
,,ii4--,bloodletting4  ,phlebotomy is   
promiscuously used before and after     
physic1 commonly before1 and upon       
occasion is often reiterated1 if there  
be any need at least of it4 ,for ,galen1
 and many others1 make a doubt of       

bleeding at all in this kind of         
head-melancholy4 ,if the malady1 saith  
,piso1 cap4 #bc4 and ,altomarus1 cap4   
#g4 ,fuchsius1 cap4 #cc4 #dbdfshall     
proceed primarily from the misaffected  
brain1 the patient in such case shall   
not need at all to bleed1 except the    
blood otherwise abound1 the veins be    
full1 inflamed blood1 and the party     
ready to run mad4 ,in immaterial        
melancholy1 which especially comes from 
a cold distemperature of spirits1       
,hercules de ,saxonia1 cap4 #ag4 will   
not admit of phlebotomy2 ,laurentius1   
cap4 #i1 approves it out of the         
authority of the ,arabians2 but as      
,mesue1 ,rhasis1 ,alexander appoint1    
#dbdg;especially in the head1 to open   
the veins of the forehead1 nose and ears
 is good4 ,they commonly set            
cupping-glasses on the party's          
shoulders1 having first scarified the   
place1 they apply horseleeches on the   
head1 and in all melancholy diseases1   
whether essential or accidental1 they   

cause the haemorrhoids to be opened1    
having the eleventh aphorism of the     
sixth book of ,hippocrates for their    
ground and warrant1 which saith1 ,that  
in melancholy and mad men1 the varicose 
tumour or haemorrhoids appearing doth   
heal the same4 ,valescus prescribes     
bloodletting in all three kinds1 whom   
,sallust4 ,salvian follows4 #dbdh;,if   
the blood abound1 which is discerned by 
the fullness of the veins1 his precedent
 diet1 the party's laughter1 age1 c41   
begin with the median or middle vein of 
the arm2 if the blood be ruddy and      
clear1 stop it1 but if black in the     
spring time1 or a good season1 or thick1
 let it run1 according to the party's   
strength3 and some eight or twelve days 
after1 open the head vein1 and the veins
 in the forehead1 or provoke it out of  
the nostrils1 or cupping-glasses1 c4    
,trallianus allows of this1 #dbdi;,if   
there have been any suppression or      
stopping of blood at nose1 or           
haemorrhoids1 or women's months1 then to

 open a vein in the head or about the   
ankles4 ,yet he doth hardly approve of  
this course1 if melancholy be situated  
in the head alone1 or in any other      
dotage1 #dbej;except it primarily       
proceed from blood1 or that the malady  
be increased by it2 for bloodletting    
refrigerates and dries up1 except the   
body be very full of blood1 and a kind  
of ruddiness in the face4 ,therefore ,i 
conclude with ,areteus1 #dbea;before you
 let blood1 deliberate of it1 and well  
consider all circumstances belonging to 
it4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,preparatives   
and ,purgers4  ,after bloodletting we   
must proceed to other medicines2 first  
prepare1 and then purge1 ,augeae        
stabulum purgare1 make the body clean   
before we hope to do any good4 ,walter  
,bruel would have a practitioner begin  
first with a clyster of his1 which he   
prescribes before bloodletting3 the     
common sort1 as ,mercurialis1 ,montaltus
 cap4 #cj4 c4 proceed from lenitives to 
preparatives1 and so to purgers4        

,lenitives are well known1 electuarium  
lenitivum1 diaphenicum diacatholicon1 c4
 ,preparatives are usually syrups of    
borage1 bugloss1 apples1 fumitory1 thyme
 and epithyme1 with double as much of   
the same decoction or distilled water1  
or of the waters of bugloss1 balm1 hops1
 endive1 scolopendry1 fumitory1 c4 or   
these sodden in whey1 which must be     
reiterated and used for many days       
together4 ,purges come last1 which must 
not be used at all1 if the malady may be
 otherwise helped1 because they weaken  
nature and dry so much1 and in giving of
 them1 #dbeb we must begin with the     
gentlest first4 ,some forbid all hot    
medicines1 as ,alexander1 and           
,salvianus1 c4 ,ne insaniores inde      
fiant1 hot medicines increase the       
disease #dbec;by drying too much4 ,purge
 downward rather than upward1 use       
potions rather than pills1 and when you 
begin physic1 persevere and continue in 
a course2 for as one observes1          
#dbedmovere et non educere in omnibus   

malum est2 to stir up the humour 7as one
 purge commonly doth7 and not to        
prosecute1 doth more harm than good4    
,they must continue in a course of      
physic1 yet not so that they tire and   
oppress nature1 danda quies naturae1    
they must now and then remit1 and let   
nature have some rest4 ,the most gentle 
purges to begin with1 are #dbeesenna1   
cassia1 epithyme1 myrabolanea1          
catholicon3 if these prevail not1 we may
 proceed to stronger1 as the confection 
of hamech1 pil4 ,indae1 fumitoriae1 de  
assaieret1 of lapis armenus and lazuli1 
diasena4 ,or if pills be too dry2       
#dbefsome prescribe both hellebores in  
the last place1 amongst the rest        
,aretus1 #dbeg;because this disease will
 resist a gentle medicine4 ,laurentius  
and ,hercules de ,saxonia would have    
antimony tried last1 if the #dbehparty  
be strong1 and it warily given4         
#dbei,trincavelius prefers              
hierologodium1 to whom ,francis         
,alexander in his ,apol4 rad4 #e4       

subscribes1 a very good medicine they   
account it4 ,but ,crato in a counsel of 
his1 for the duke of ,bavaria's         
chancellor1 wholly rejects it4 ,i find a
 vast chaos of medicines1 a confusion of
 receipts and magistrals1 amongst       
writers1 appropriated to this disease2  
some of the chiefest ,i will rehearse4  
#dbfj,to be seasick first is very good  
at seasonable times4 ,helleborismus     
,matthioli1 with which he vaunts and    
boasts he did so many several cures1    
#dbfa;,i never gave it 7saith he71 but  
after once or twice1 by the help of     
,god1 they were happily cured4 ,the     
manner of making it he sets down at     
large in his third book of ,epist4 to   
,george ,hankshius a physician4 ,walter 
,bruel1 and ,heurnius1 make mention of  
it with great approbation2 so doth      
,sckenkius in his memorable cures1 and  
experimental medicines1 cen4 #f4 obser4 
#cg4 ,that famous ,helleborisme of      
,montanus1 which he so often repeats in 
his consultations and counsels1 as #bh4 

pro4 melan4 sacerdote1 et consil4 #adh4 
pro hypochondriaco1 and cracks1 #dbfb to
 be a most sovereign remedy for all     
melancholy persons1 which he hath often 
given without offence1 and found by long
 experience and observations to be such4
 ,quercetan prefers a syrup of hellebore
 in his ,spagirica ,pharmac4 and        
,hellebore's extract cap4 #e4 of his    
invention likewise 7a most safe medicine
 and not unfit to be given children7    
before all remedies whatsoever4 #dbfc   
,paracelsus1 in his book of black       
hellebore1 admits this medicine1 but as 
it is prepared by him4 #dbfd;,it is most
 certain 7saith he7 that the virtue of  
this herb is great1 and admirable in    
effect1 and little differing from balm  
itself2 and he that knows well how to   
make use of it1 hath more art than all  
their books contain1 or all the doctors 
in ,germany can show4 ,aelianus         
,montaltus in his exquisite work de     
morb4 capitis1 cap4 #ca4 de mel4 sets a 
special receipt of his own1 which1 in   

his practice #dbfe;he fortunately used2 
because it is but short ,i will set it  
down4 4 ,syrupe de pomis ij1 aquae      
borag4 iiij4 ,ellebori nigri per noctem 
infusi in ligatura #f vel #h gr4 mane   
facta collatura exhibe4 ,other receipts 
of the same to this purpose you shall   
find in him4 ,valescus admires pulvis   
,hali1 and ,jason ,pratensis after him3 
the confection of which our new ,london 
,pharmacopoeia hath lately revived4     
#dbff,put case 7saith he7 all other     
medicines fail1 by the help of ,god this
 alone shall do it1 and 'tis a crowned  
medicine which must be kept in secret4 4
 ,epithymi semunc4 lapidis lazuli1      
agarici ana ij4 ,scammnonii4 j1         
,chariophillorum numero1 #bj            
pulverisentur ,omnia1 et ipsius pulveris
 scrup4 #d4 singulis septimanis assumat4
  ,to these ,i may add ,arnoldi vinum   
,buglossalum1 or borage wine before     
mentioned1 which #dbfg,mizaldus calls   
vinum mirabile1 a wonderful wine1 and   
,stockerus vouchsafes to repeat verbatim

 amongst other receipts4 ,rubeus his    
#dbfh;compound water out of ,savanarola2
 ,pinetus his balm2 ,cardan's ,pulvis   
,hyacinthi1 with which1 in his book de  
curis admirandis1 he boasts that he had 
cured many melancholy persons in eight  
days1 which #dbfi,sckenkius puts amongst
 his observable medicines2 ,altomarus   
his syrup1 with which #dbgj;he calls    
,god so solemnly to witness1 he hath in 
his kind done many excellent cures1 and 
which ,sckenkius cent4 #g4 observ4 #hj4 
mentioneth1 ,daniel ,sennertus lib4 #a4 
part4 #b4 cap4 #ab4 so much commends2   
,rulandus' admirable water for          
melancholy1 which cent4 #b4 cap4 #if4 he
 names ,spiritum vitae aureum1          
,panaceam1 what not1 and his absolute   
medicine of #ej eggs1 curat4 ,empir4    
cent4 #a4 cur4 #e4 to be taken three in 
a morning1 with a powder of his4        
#dbga;,faventinus prac4 ,emper4 doubles 
this number of eggs1 and will have #aja 
to be taken by three and three in like  
sort1 which ,sallust ,salvian approves  

de red4 med4 lib4 #b4 c4 #a4 with some  
of the same powder1 till all be spent1 a
 most excellent remedy for all          
melancholy and mad men4 4 ,epithymi1    
thymi1 ana drachmas duas1 sacchari albi 
unciam unam1 croci grana tria1 ,cinamomi
 drachmam unam2 misce1 fiat pulvis4 ,all
 these yet are nothing to those         
#dbgb;chemical preparatives of ,aqua    
,chalidonia1 quintessence of hellebore1 
salts1 extracts1 distillations1 oils1   
,aurum potabile1 c4 ,dr4 ,anthony in his
 book de auro potab4 edit4 #afjj4 is all
 in all for it4 #dbgc;,and though all   
the schools of ,galenists1 with a wicked
 and unthankful pride and scorn1 detest 
it in their practice1 yet in more       
grievous diseases1 when their vegetals  
will do no good1 they are compelled to  
seek the help of minerals1 though they  
use them rashly1 unprofitably1 slackly1 
and to no purpose4 ,rhenanus1 a ,dutch  
chemist1 in his book de ,sale e puteo   
emergente1 takes upon him to apologise  
for ,anthony1 and sets light by all that

 speak against him4 ,but what do ,i     
meddle with this great controversy1     
which is the subject of many volumes8   
,let ,paracelsus1 ,quercetan1 ,crollius1
 and the brethren of the rosy cross1    
defend themselves as they may4 ,crato1  
,erastus1 and the ,galenists oppugn     
,paracelsus1 he brags on the other side1
 he did more famous cures by this means1
 than all the ,galenists in ,europe1 and
 calls himself a monarch2 ,galen1       
,hippocrates1 infants1 illiterate1 c4   
,as ,thessalus of old railed against    
those ancient ,asclepiadean writers1    
#dbgd;he condemns others1 insults1      
triumphs1 overcomes all antiquity 7saith
 ,galen as if he spake to him7 declares 
himself a conqueror1 and crowns his own 
doings4 #dbge,one drop of their chemical
 preparatives shall do more good than   
all their fulsome potions4 ,erastus1 and
 the rest of the ,galenists vilify them 
on the other side1 as heretics in       
physic2 #dbgf,paracelsus did that in    
physic1 which ,luther in ,divinity4     

#dbgg;,a drunken rogue he was1 a base   
fellow1 a magician1 he had the devil for
 his master1 devils his familiar        
companions1 and what he did1 was done by
 the help of the devil4 ,thus they      
contend and rail1 and every mart write  
books pro and con1 et adhuc sub judice  
lis est3 let them agree as they will1 ,i
 proceed4  ,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,averters4 
,averters and purgers must go together1 
as tending all to the same purpose1 to  
divert this rebellious humour1 and turn 
it another way4 ,in this range1 clysters
 and suppositories challenge a chief    
place1 to draw this humour from the     
brain and heart1 to the more ignoble    
parts4 ,some would have them still used 
a few days between1 and those to be made
 with the boiled seeds of anise1 fennel1
 and bastard saffron1 hops1 thyme1      
epithyme1 mallows1 fumitory1 bugloss1   
polypody1 senna1 diasene1 hamech1       
cassia1 diacatholicon1 hierologodium1   
oil of violets1 sweet almonds1 c4 ,for  
without question1 a clyster opportunely 

used1 cannot choose in this1 as most    
other maladies1 but to do very much     
good2 ,clysteres nutriunt1 sometimes    
clysters nourish1 as they may be        
prepared1 as ,i was informed not long   
since by a learned lecture of our       
natural philosophy #dbghreader1 which he
 handled by way of discourse1 out of    
some other noted physicians4 ,such      
things as provoke urine most commend1   
but not sweat4 ,trincavelius consil4    
#af4 cap4 #a4 in head-melancholy forbids
 it4 ,p4 ,byarus and others approve     
frictions of the outward parts1 and to  
bathe them with warm water4 ,instead of 
ordinary frictions1 ,cardan prescribes  
rubbing with nettles till they blister  
the skin1 which likewise #dbgi;,basardus
 ,visontinus so much magnifies4         
,sneezing1 masticatories1 and nasals are
 generally received4 ,montaltus c4 #cd4 
,hildesheim spicel4 #c4 fol4 #acf and   
#bch4 give several receipts of all      
three4 ,hercules de ,saxonia relates of 
an empiric in ,venice #dbhjthat had a   

strong water to purge by the mouth and  
nostrils1 which he still used in        
head-melancholy1 and would sell for no  
gold4 ,to open months and haemorrhoids  
is very good physic1 #dbha;,if they have
 been formerly stopped4 ,faventinus     
would have them opened with             
horseleeches1 so would ,hercul4 de ,sax4
 ,julius ,alexandrinus consil4 #ahe4    
,scoltzii thinks aloes fitter3 #dbhbmost
 approve horseleeches in this case1 to  
be applied to the forehead1             
#dbhcnostrils1 and other places4        
,montaltus cap4 #bi4 out of ,alexander  
and others1 prescribes #dbhd            
cupping-glasses1 and issues in the left 
thigh4 ,aretus lib4 #g4 cap4 #e4        
#dbhe,paulus ,regolinus1 ,sylvius will  
have them without scarification1 applied
 to the shoulders and back1 thighs and  
feet3 #dbhf,montaltus cap4 #cd4 bids    
open an issue in the arm1 or hinder part
 of the head4 #dbhg,piso enjoins        
ligatures1 frictions1 suppositories1 and
 cupping-glasses1 still without         

scarification1 and the rest4 ,cauteries 
and hot irons are to be used #dbhh;in   
the suture of the crown1 and the seared 
or ulcerated place suffered to run a    
good while4 ',tis not amiss to bore the 
skull with an instrument1 to let out the
 fuliginous vapours4 ,sallus4 ,salvianus
 de re medic4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #a4         
#dbhi;because this humour hardly yields 
to other physic1 would have the leg     
cauterised1 or the left leg1 below the  
knee1 #dbij;and the head bored in two or
 three places1 for that it much avails  
to the exhalation of the vapours2 #dbia 
,i saw 7saith he7 a melancholy man at   
,rome1 that by no remedies could be     
healed1 but when by chance he was       
wounded in the head1 and the skull      
broken1 he was excellently cured4       
,another1 to the admiration of the      
beholders1 #dbib;breaking his head with 
a fall from on high1 was instantly      
recovered of his dotage4 ,gordonius cap4
 #ac4 part4 #b4 would have these        
cauteries tried last1 when no other     

physic will serve4 #dbic ,the head to be
 shaved and bored to let out fumes1     
which without doubt will do much good4  
,i saw a melancholy man wounded in the  
head with a sword1 his brainpan broken2 
so long as the wound was open he was    
well1 but when his wound was healed1 his
 dotage returned again4 ,but ,alexander 
,messaria a professor in ,padua1 lib4   
#a4 pract4 med4 cap4 #ba4 de melanchol4 
will allow no cauteries at all1 'tis too
 stiff a humour and too thick as he     
holds1 to be so evaporated4 ,guianerius 
c4 #h4 ,tract4 #ae4 cured a nobleman in 
,savoy1 by boring alone1 #dbidleaving   
the hole open a month together1 by means
 of which1 after two years' melancholy  
and madness1 he was delivered4 ,all     
approve of this remedy in the suture of 
the crown2 but ,arculanus would have the
 cautery to be made with gold4 ,in many 
other parts1 these cauteries are        
prescribed for melancholy men1 as in the
 thighs1 7,mercurialis consil4 #hf47    
arms1 legs4 ,idem consil4 #f4  #ai4     

#be4 ,montanus #hf4 ,rodericus a        
,fonseca tom4 #b4 cousult4 #hd4 pro     
hypochond4 coxa dextra1 c41 but most in 
the head1 if other physic will do no    
good4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,alteratives and 
,cordials1 corroborating1 resolving the 
,reliques1 and mending the ,temperament4
  ,because this humour is so malign of  
itself1 and so hard to be removed1 the  
reliques are to be cleansed1 by         
alteratives1 cordials1 and such means3  
the temper is to be altered and amended1
 with such things as fortify and        
strengthen the heart and brain1         
#dbiewhich are commonly both affected in
 this malady1 and do mutually misaffect 
one another3 which are still to be given
 every other day1 or some few days      
inserted after a purge1 or like physic1 
as occasion serves1 and are of such     
force1 that many times they help alone1 
and as #dbif;,arnoldus holds in his     
,aphorisms1 are to be preferred before  
all other medicines1 in what kind       
soever4 ,amongst this number of cordials

 and alteratives1 ,i do not find a more 
present remedy1 than a cup of wine or   
strong drink1 if it be soberly and      
opportunely used4 ,it makes a man bold1 
hardy1 courageous1 #dbigwhetteth the    
wit1 if moderately taken1 7and as       
,plutarch #dbihsaith1 ,symp4 #g4 quaest4
 #ab47 it makes those which are         
otherwise dull1 to exhale and evaporate 
like frankincense1 or quicken 7,xenophon
 adds7 #dbii;as oil doth fire4 #dcjj;,a 
famous cordial ,matthiolus in           
,dioscoridum calls it1 an excellent     
nutriment to refresh the body1 it makes 
a good colour1 a flourishing age1 helps 
concoction1 fortifies the stomach1 takes
 away obstructions1 provokes urine1     
drives out excrements1 procures sleep1  
clears the blood1 expels wind and cold  
poisons1 attenuates1 concocts1          
dissipates all thick vapours1 and       
fuliginous humours4 ,and that which is  
all in all to my purpose1 it takes away 
fear and sorrow4 #dcja;,curas edaces    
dissipat ,evius4 ,it glads the heart of 

man1 ,psal4 civ4 #ae4 hilaritatis dulce 
seminarium4 ,helena's bowl1 the sole    
nectar of the gods1 or that true        
nepenthes in #dcjb;,homer1 which puts   
away care and grief1 as ,oribasius #e4  
,collect1 cap4 #g4 and some others will1
 was nought else but a cup of good wine4
 ,it makes the mind of the king and of  
the fatherless both one1 of the bond and
 freeman1 poor and rich2 it turneth all 
his thoughts to joy and mirth1 makes him
 remember no sorrow or debt1 but        
enricheth his heart1 and makes him speak
 by talents1 ,esdras iii4 #ai1 #bj1 #ba4
 ,it gives life itself1 spirits1 wit1 c4
 ,for which cause the ancients called   
,bacchus1 ,liber pater a liberando1 and 
#dcjcsacrificed to ,bacchus and ,pallas 
still upon an altar4 #dcjd,wine         
measurably drunk1 and in time1 brings   
gladness and cheerfulness of mind1 it   
cheereth ,god and men1 ,judges ix4 #ac4 
laetitiae ,bacchus dator1 it makes an   
old wife dance1 and such as are in      
misery to forget evil1 and be           

#dcjemerry4 ,bacchus et afflictis       
requiem mortalibus affert1 ,crura licet 
duro compede vincta forent4  ,wine makes
 a troubled soul to rest1 ,though feet  
with fetters be opprest4  ,demetrius in 
,plutarch1 when he fell into ,seleucus's
 hands1 and was prisoner in ,syria1     
#dcjfspent his time with dice and drink 
that he might so ease his discontented  
mind1 and avoid those continual         
cogitations of his present condition    
wherewith he was tormented4 ,therefore  
,solomon1 ,prov4 xxxi4 #f1 bids wine be 
given to him that is ready to           
#dcjgperish1 and to him that hath grief 
of heart1 let him drink that he forget  
his poverty1 and remember his misery no 
more4 ,sollicitis animis onus eximit1 it
 easeth a burdened soul1 nothing        
speedier1 nothing better2 which the     
prophet ,zachariah perceived1 when he   
said1 that in the time of ,messias1 they
 of ,ephraim should be glad1 and their  
heart should rejoice as through wine4   
,all which makes me very well approve of

 that pretty description of a feast in  
#dcjh ,bartholomeus ,anglicus1 when     
grace was said1 their hands washed1 and 
the guests sufficiently exhilarated1    
with good discourse1 sweet music1 dainty
 fare1 exhilarationis gratia1 pocula    
iterum atque iterum offeruntur1 as a    
corollary to conclude the feast1 and    
continue their mirth1 a grace cup came  
in to cheer their hearts1 and they drank
 healths to one another again and again4
 ,which as ,i4 ,fredericus ,matenesius1 
,crit4 ,christ4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #e1 #f1   
#g1 was an old custom in all ages in    
every commonwealth1 so as they be not   
enforced1 bibere per violentiam1 but as 
in that royal feast of #dcji ,ahasuerus1
 which lasted #ahj days1 without        
compulsion they drank by order in golden
 vessels1 when and what they would      
themselves4 ,this of drink is a most    
easy and parable remedy1 a common1 a    
cheap1 still ready against fear1 sorrow1
 and such troublesome thoughts1 that    
molest the mind2 as brimstone with fire1

 the spirits on a sudden are enlightened
 by it4 ,no better physic 7saith        
#dcaj,rhasis7 for a melancholy man3 and 
he that can keep company1 and carouse1  
needs no other medicines1 'tis enough4  
,his countryman ,avicenna1 #ca4 doc4 #b4
 cap4 #h4 proceeds farther yet1 and will
 have him that is troubled in mind1 or  
melancholy1 not to drink only1 but now  
and then to be drunk3 excellent good    
physic it is for this and many other    
diseases4 ,magninus ,reg4 san4 part4 #c4
 c4 #ca4 will have them to be so once a 
month at least1 and gives his reasons   
for it1 #dcaa;because it scours the body
 by vomit1 urine1 sweat1 of all manner  
of superfluities1 and keeps it clean4   
,of the same mind is ,seneca the        
philosopher1 in his book de tranquil4   
lib4 #a4 c4 #ae4 nonnunquam ut in aliis 
morbis ad ebrietatem usque veniendum2   
,curas deprimit1 tristitiae medetur1 it 
is good sometimes to be drunk1 it helps 
sorrow1 depresseth cares1 and so        
concludes this tract with a cup of wine3

 ,habes1 ,serene charissime1 quae ad1   
tranquillitatem animae1 pertinent4 ,but 
these are epicureal tenets1 tending to  
looseness of life1 luxury and atheism1  
maintained alone by some heathens1      
dissolute ,arabians1 profane            
,christians1 and are exploded by ,rabbi 
,moses1 tract4 #d4 ,guliel1 ,placentius1
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #h4 ,valescus de         
,taranta1 and most accurately ventilated
 by ,jo4 ,sylvaticus1 a late writer and 
physician of ,milan1 med4 cont4 cap4    
#ad4 where you shall find this tenet    
copiously confuted4 ,howsoever you say1 
if this be true1 that wine and strong   
drink have such virtue to expel fear and
 sorrow1 and to exhilarate the mind1    
ever hereafter let's drink and be merry4
 #dcab,prome reconditum1 ,lyde strenua1 
caecubum1 ,capaciores puer huc affer    
,scyphos1 ,et ,chia vina aut ,lesbia4   
,come1 lusty ,lyda1 fill's a cup of     
sack1 ,and1 sirrah drawer1 bigger pots  
we lack1 ,and ,scio wines that have so  
good a smack4  ,i say with him in       

#dcac;,a4 ,gellius1 let us maintain the 
vigour of our souls with a moderate cup 
of wine1 #dcad,natis in usum laetitiae  
scyphis1 and drink to refresh our mind2 
if there be any cold sorrow in it1 or   
torpid bashfulness1 let's wash it all   
away4--,nunc vino pellite curas2 so     
saith #dcae;,horace1 so saith ,anacreon1
        4  ,let's drive down care with a
 cup of wine3 and so say ,i too1 7though
 ,i drink none myself7 for all this may 
be done1 so that it be modestly1        
soberly1 opportunely used3 so that they 
be not drunk with wine1 wherein is      
excess1 which our #dcaf;,apostle        
forewarns2 for as ,chrysostom well      
comments on that place1 ad laetitiam    
datum est vinum1 non ad ebrietatem1 'tis
 for mirth wine1 but not for madness3   
and will you know where1 when1 and how  
that is to be understood8 ,vis discere  
ubi bonum sit vinum8 ,audi quid dicat   
,scriptura1 hear the ,scriptures1 ,give 
wine to them that are in sorrow1 or as  
,paul bid ,timothy drink wine for his   

stomach's sake1 for concoction1 health1 
or some such honest occasion4           
,otherwise1 as #dcag ,pliny telleth us2 
if singular moderation be not had1      
#dcahnothing so pernicious1 'tis mere   
vinegar1 blandus daemon1 poison itself4 
,but hear a more fearful doom1 ,habac4  
ii4 #ae4 and #af4 ,woe be to him that   
makes his neighbour drunk1 shameful     
spewing shall be upon his glory4 ,let   
not good fellows triumph therefore      
7saith ,matthiolus7 that ,i have so much
 commended wine1 if it be immoderately  
taken1 instead of making glad1 it       
confounds both body and soul1 it makes a
 giddy head1 a sorrowful heart4 ,and    
'twas well said of the poet of old1     
,vine causeth mirth and grief1          
#dcainothing so good for some1 so bad   
for others1 especially as #dcbjone      
observes1 qui a causa calida male       
habent1 that are hot or inflamed4 ,and  
so of spices1 they alone1 as ,i have    
showed1 cause head-melancholy           
themselves1 they must not use wine as an

 #dcbaordinary drink1 or in their diet4 
,but to determine with ,laurentius1 c4  
#h4 de melan4 wine is bad for madmen1   
and such as are troubled with heat in   
their inner parts or brains2 but to     
melancholy1 which is cold 7as most is71 
wine1 soberly used1 may be very good4 ,i
 may say the same of the decoction of   
,china roots1 sassafras1 sarsaparilla1  
guaiacum3 ,china1 saith ,manardus1 makes
 a good colour in the face1 takes away  
melancholy1 and all infirmities         
proceeding from cold1 even so           
sarsaparilla provokes sweat mightily1   
guaiacum dries1 ,claudinus1 consult4    
#hi4  #df4 ,montanus1 ,capivaccius1     
consult4 #ahh4 ,scoltzii1 make frequent 
and good use of guaiacum and ,china1    
#dcbbso that the liver be not incensed1 
good for such as are cold1 as most      
melancholy men are1 but by no means to  
be mentioned in hot4 ,the ,turks have a 
drink called coffee 7for they use no    
wine71 so named of a berry as black as  
soot1 and as bitter1 7like that black   

drink which was in use amongst the      
,lacedaemonians1 and perhaps the same17 
which they sip still of1 and sup as warm
 as they can suffer2 they spend much    
time in those coffeehouses1 which are   
somewhat like our alehouses or taverns1 
and there they sit chatting and drinking
 to drive away the time1 and to be merry
 together1 because they find by         
experience that kind of drink1 so used1 
helpeth digestion1 and procureth        
alacrity4 ,some of them take opium to   
this purpose4 ,borage1 balm1 saffron1   
gold1 ,i have spoken of2 ,montaltus1 c4 
#bc4 commends scorzonera roots condite4 
,garcius ab ,horto1 plant4 hist4 lib4   
#b4 cap4 #be4 makes mention of an herb  
called datura1 #dcbcwhich1 if it be     
eaten for twenty-four hours following1  
takes away all sense of grief1 makes    
them incline to laughter and mirth3 and 
another called bauge1 like in effect to 
opium1 which puts them for a time into a
 kind of ecstasy1 and makes them gently 
to laugh4 ,one of the ,roman emperors   

had a seed1 which he did ordinarily eat 
to exhilarate himself4                  
#dcbd;,christophorus ,ayrerus prefers   
bezoar stone1 and the confection of     
alkermes1 before other cordials1 and    
amber in some cases4 #dcbe;,alkermes    
comforts the inner parts2 and bezoar    
stone hath an especial virtue against   
all melancholy affections1 #dcbf;it     
refresheth the heart1 and corroborates  
the whole body4 #dcbg;,amber provokes   
urine1 helps the body1 breaks wind1 c4  
,after a purge1 #c or #d grains of      
bezoar stone1 and #c grains of          
ambergris1 drunk or taken in borage or  
bugloss water1 in which gold hot hath   
been quenched1 will do much good1 and   
the purge shall diminish less 7the heart
 so refreshed7 of the strength and      
substance of the body4 4 confect4       
,alkermes  lap4 ,bezor4 j4 ,succini albi
 subtiliss4 pulverisat4 jj4 cum ,syrup1 
de cort4 citri2 fiat electuarium4 ,to   
bezoar stone most subscribe1 ,manardus1 
and #dcbhmany others2 it takes away     

sadness1 and makes him merry that useth 
it2 ,i have seen some that have been    
much diseased with faintness1 swooning1 
and melancholy1 that taking the weight  
of three grains of this stone1 in the   
water of oxtongue1 have been cured4     
,garcias ab ,horto brags how many       
desperate cures he hath done upon       
melancholy men by this alone1 when all  
physicians had forsaken them4 ,but      
alkermes many except against2 in some   
cases it may help1 if it be good and of 
the best1 such as that of ,montpelier in
 ,france1 which #dcbi;,iodocus          
,sincerus1 ,itinerario ,galliae1 so much
 magnifies1 and would have no traveller 
omit to see it made4 ,but it is not so  
general a medicine as the other4        
,fernelius1 consil4 #di1 suspects       
alkermes1 by reason of its heat1        
#dccjnothing 7saith he7 sooner          
exasperates this disease1 than the use  
of hot working meats and medicines1 and 
would have them for that cause warily   
taken4 ,i conclude1 therefore1 of this  

and all other medicines1 as ,thucydides 
of the plague at ,athens1 no remedy     
could be prescribed for it1 ,nam quod   
uni profuit1 hoc aliis erat exitio3     
there is no ,catholic medicine to be    
had3 that which helps one1 is pernicious
 to another4 ,diamargaritum frigidum1   
diambra1 diaboraginatum1 electuarium    
laetificans ,galeni et ,rhasis1 de      
gemmis1 dianthos1 diamoscum dulce et    
amarum1 electuarium conciliatoris1      
syrup4 ,cidoniorum de pomis1 conserves  
of roses1 violets1 fumitory1 enula      
campana1 satyrion1 lemons1 orange-pills1
 condite1 c41 have their good use4      
#dcca4 ,diamoschi dulcis et amari ana   
jj4 ,diabuglossati1 ,diaboraginati1     
sacchari violacei ana j4 misce cum      
syrupo de pomis4 ,every physician is    
full of such receipts3 one only ,i will 
add for the rareness of it1 which ,i    
find recorded by many learned authors1  
as an approved medicine against dotage1 
head-melancholy1 and such diseases of   
the brain4 ,take a #dccbram's head that 

never meddled with an ewe1 cut off at a 
blow1 and the horns only take away1 boil
 it well1 skin and wool together2 after 
it is well sod1 take out the brains1 and
 put these spices to it1 cinnamon1      
ginger1 nutmeg1 mace1 cloves1 ana 1     
mingle the powder of these spices with  
it1 and heat them in a platter upon a   
chafing-dish of coals together1 stirring
 them well1 that they do not burn2 take 
heed it be not overmuch dried1 or drier 
than a calf's brains ready to be eaten4 
,keep it so prepared1 and for three days
 give it the patient fasting1 so that he
 fast two hours after it4 ,it may be    
eaten with bread in an egg or broth1 or 
any way1 so it be taken4 ,for fourteen  
days let him use this diet1 drink no    
wine1 c4 ,gesner1 hist4 animal4 lib4 #a4
 pag4 #iag4 ,caricterius1 pract4 #ac4 in
 ,nich4 de metri4 pag4 #abi4 ,iatro3    
,wittenberg4 edit4 ,tubing4 pag4 #fb1   
mention this medicine1 though with some 
variation2 he that list may try it1     
#dccc;and many such4 ,odoraments to     

smell to1 of rosewater1 violet flowers1 
balm1 rose-cakes1 vinegar1 c41 do much  
recreate the brains and spirits1        
according to ,solomon4 ,prov4 xxvii4 #i4
 ,they rejoice the heart1 and as some   
say1 nourish2 'tis a question commonly  
controverted in our schools1 an odores  
nutriant2 let ,ficinus1 lib4 #b4 cap4   
#ah4 decide it2 #dccdmany arguments he  
brings to prove it2 as of ,democritus1  
that lived by the smell of bread alone1 
applied to his nostrils1 for some few   
days1 when for old age he could eat no  
meat4 ,ferrerius1 lib4 #b4 meth4 speaks 
of an excellent confection of his       
making1 of wine1 saffron1 c41 which he  
prescribed to dull1 weak1 feeble1 and   
dying men to smell to1 and by it to have
 done very much good1 aeque fere        
profuisse olfactu1 et potu1 as if he had
 given them drink4 ,our noble and       
learned ,lord #dcce,verulam1 in his book
 de vita et morte1 commends1 therefore1 
all such cold smells as any way serve to
 refrigerate the spirits4 ,montanus1    

consil4 #ca1 prescribes a form which he 
would have his melancholy patient never 
to have out of his hands4 ,if you will  
have them spagirically prepared1 look in
 ,oswaldus ,crollius1 basil4 ,chymica4  
,irrigations of the head shaven1 #dccfof
 the flowers of water lilies1 lettuce1  
violets1 camomile1 wild mallows1        
wether's-head1 c41 must be used many    
mornings together4 ,montan4 consil4 #ca1
 would have the head so washed once a   
week4 ,laelius a ,fonte ,eugubinus      
consult4 #dd1 for an ,italian count1    
troubled with head-melancholy1 repeats  
many medicines which he tried1 #dccg;but
 two alone which did the cure2 use of   
whey made of goat's milk1 with the      
extract of hellebore1 and irrigations of
 the head with water lilies1 lettuce1   
violets1 camomile1 c41 upon the suture  
of the crown4 ,piso commends a ram's    
lungs applied hot to the fore part of   
the head1 #dcchor a young lamb divided  
in the back1 exenterated1 c42 all       
acknowledge the chief cure in moistening

 throughout4 ,some1 saith ,laurentius1  
use powders and caps to the brain2 but  
forasmuch as such aromatical things are 
hot and dry1 they must be sparingly     
administered4 ,unto the heart we may do 
well to apply bags1 epithems1 ointments1
 of which ,laurentius1 c4 #i4 de melan4 
gives examples4 ,bruel prescribes an    
epithem for the heart1 of bugloss1      
borage1 water-lily1 violet waters1      
sweet-wine1 balm leaves1 nutmegs1       
cloves1 c4 ,for the belly1 make a       
fomentation of oil1 #dcci;in which the  
seeds of cumin1 rue1 carrots1 dill1 have
 been boiled4 ,baths are of wonderful   
great force in this malady1 much admired
 by #dcdj ,galen1 #dcda;,aetius1        
,rhasis1 c41 of sweet water1 in which is
 boiled the leaves of mallows1 roses1   
violets1 water-lilies1 wether's-head1   
flowers of bugloss1 camomile1 melilot1  
c4 ,guianer1 cap4 #h4 tract4 #ae1 would 
have them used twice a day1 and when    
they came forth of the baths1 their back
 bones to be anointed with oil of       

almonds1 violets1 nymphea1 fresh capon  
grease1 c4 ,amulets and things to be    
borne about1 ,i find prescribed1 taxed  
by some1 approved by ,renodeus1         
,platerus1 7amuleta inquit non          
negligenda7 and others2 look for them in
 ,mizaldus1 ,porta1 ,albertus1 c4       
,bassardus ,viscontinus1 ant4 philos4   
commends hypericon1 or ,st4 ,john's wort
 gathered on a #dcdb;,friday in the hour
 of ,jupiter1 when it comes to his      
effectual operation 7that is about the  
full moon in ,july72 so gathered and    
borne1 or hung about the neck1 it       
mightily helps this affection1 and      
drives away all fantastical spirits4    
#dcdc,philes1 a ,greek author that      
flourished in the time of ,michael      
,paleologus1 writes that a sheep or     
kid's skin1 whom a wolf worried1        
#dcdd;,haedus inhumani raptus ab ore    
lupi1 ought not at all to be worn about 
a man1 because it causeth palpitation of
 the heart1 not for any fear1 but a     
secret virtue which amulets have4 ,a    

ring made of the hoof of an ass's right 
fore foot carried about1 c4 ,i say with 
#dcde,renodeus1 they are not altogether 
to be rejected4 ,paeony doth cure       
epilepsy2 precious stones most diseases2
 #dcdf;a wolf's dung borne with one     
helps the colic1 #dcdg;a spider an ague1
 c4 ,being in the country in the        
vacation time not many years since1 at  
,lindley in ,leicestershire1 my father's
 house1 ,i first observed this amulet of
 a spider in a nut-shell lapped in silk1
 c41 so applied for an ague by #dcdhmy  
mother2 whom1 although ,i knew to have  
excellent skill in chirurgery1 sore     
eyes1 aches1 c41 and such experimental  
medicines1 as all the country where she 
dwelt can witness1 to have done many    
famous and good cures upon diverse poor 
folks1 that were otherwise destitute of 
help3 yet among all other experiments1  
this methought was most absurd and      
ridiculous1 ,i could see no warrant for 
it4 ,quid aranea cum febre8 ,for what   
antipathy8 till at length rambling      

amongst authors 7as often ,i do7 ,i     
found this very medicine in             
,dioscorides1 approved by ,matthiolus1  
repeated by ,alderovandus1 cap4 de      
,aranea1 lib4 de insectis1 ,i began to  
have a better opinion of it1 and to give
 more credit to amulets1 when ,i saw it 
in some parties answer to experience4   
,some medicines are to be exploded1 that
 consist of words1 characters1 spells1  
and charms1 which can do no good at all1
 but out of a strong conceit1 as        
,pomponatius proves2 or the devil's     
policy1 who is the first founder and    
teacher of them4  ,,subsect4            
,,vi4--,correctors of ,accidents to     
procure ,sleep4 ,against fearful        
,dreams1 ,redness1 c4  ,when you have   
used all good means and helps of        
alteratives1 averters1 diminutives1 yet 
there will be still certain accidents to
 be corrected and amended1 as waking1   
fearful dreams1 flushing in the face to 
some ruddiness1 c4 ,waking1 by reason of
 their continual cares1 fears1 sorrows1 

dry brains1 is a symptom that much      
crucifies melancholy men1 and must      
therefore be speedily helped1 and sleep 
by all means procured1 which sometimes  
is a sufficient #dcdiremedy of itself   
without any other physic4 ,sckenkius1 in
 his observations1 hath an example of a 
woman that was so cured4 ,the means to  
procure it1 are inward or outward4      
,inwardly taken1 are simples1 or        
compounds2 simples1 as poppy1 nymphea1  
violets1 roses1 lettuce1 mandrake1      
henbane1 nightshade or solanum1 saffron1
 hemp-seed1 nutmegs1 willows1 with their
 seeds1 juice1 decoctions1 distilled    
waters1 c4 ,compounds are syrups1 or    
opiates1 syrup of poppy1 violets1       
verbasco1 which are commonly taken with 
distilled waters4  diacodii j4          
diascordii  aquae lactucae iij mista    
fiat potio ad horam somni sumenda4      
,requies ,nicholai1 ,philonium ,romanum1
 ,triphera magna1 pilulae1 de           
,cynoglossa1 ,dioscordium1 ,laudanum    
,paracelsi1 ,opium1 are in use1 c4      

,country folks commonly make a posset of
 hemp-seed1 which ,fuchsius in his      
herbal so much discommends2 yet ,i have 
seen the good effect1 and it may be used
 where better medicines are not to be   
had4 ,laudanum ,paracelsi is prescribed 
in two or three grains1 with a dram of  
,diascordium1 which ,oswald4 ,crollius  
commends4 ,opium itself is most part    
used outwardly1 to smell to in a ball1  
though commonly so taken by the ,turks  
to the same quantity #dcej;for a        
cordial1 and at ,goa in1 the ,indies2   
the dose #dj or #ej grains4 ,rulandus   
calls ,requiem ,nicholai ultimum        
refugium1 the last refuge2 but of this  
and the rest look for peculiar receipts 
in ,victorius ,faventinus1 cap4 de      
phrensi4 ,heurnius cap4 de mania4       
,hildesheim spicel4 #d4 de somno et     
vigil4 c4 ,outwardly used1 as oil of    
nutmegs by extraction1 or expression    
with rosewater to anoint the temples1   
oils of poppy1 nenuphar1 mandrake1      
purslan1 violets1 all to the same       

purpose4 ,montan4 consil4 #bd  #be4 much
 commends odoraments of opium1 vinegar1 
and rosewater4 ,laurentius cap4 #i4     
prescribes pomanders and nodules2 see   
the receipts in him2 ,codronchus        
#dceawormwood to smell to4 ,unguentum   
,alabastritum1 populeum are used to     
anoint the temples1 nostrils1 or if they
 be too weak1 they mix saffron and      
opium4 ,take a grain or two of opium1   
and dissolve it with three or four drops
 of rosewater in a spoon1 and after     
mingle with it as much ,unguentum       
populeum as a nut1 use it as before3 or 
else take half a dram of opium1         
,unguentum populeum1 oil of nenuphar1   
rosewater1 rose-vinegar1 of each half an
 ounce1 with as much virgin wax as a    
nut1 anoint your temples with some of   
it1 ad horam somni4 ,sacks of wormwood1 
#dcebmandrake1 #dcec;henbane1 roses made
 like pillows and laid under the        
patient's head1 are mentioned by        
#dced;,cardan and ,mizaldus1 to anoint  
the soles of the feet with the fat of a 

dormouse1 the teeth with ear wax of a   
dog1 swine's gall1 hare's ears3 charms1 
c4 ,frontlets are well known to every   
good wife1 rosewater and vinegar1 with a
 little woman's milk1 and nutmegs grated
 upon a rose-cake applied to both       
temples4 ,for an emplaster1 take of     
castorium a dram and a half1 of opium   
half a scruple1 mixed both together with
 a little water of life1 make two small 
plasters thereof1 and apply them to the 
temples4 ,rulandus cent4 #a4 cur4 #ag4  
cent4 #c4 cur4 #id4 prescribes epithems 
and lotions of the head1 with the       
decoction of flowers of nymphea1        
violet-leaves1 mandrake roots1 henbane1 
white poppy4 ,herc4 de ,saxonia1        
stillicidia1 or droppings1 c4 ,lotions  
of the feet do much avail of the said   
herbs3 by these means1 saith            
,laurentius1 ,i think you may procure   
sleep to the most melancholy man in the 
world4 ,some use horseleeches behind the
 ears1 and apply opium to the place4    
#dcee;,bayerus lib4 #b4 c4 #ac4 sets    

down some remedies against fearful      
dreams1 and such as walk and talk in    
their sleep4 ,baptista ,porta ,mag4 nat4
 l4 #b4 c4 #f4 to procure pleasant      
dreams and quiet rest1 would have you   
take hippoglossa1 or the herb           
horsetongue1 balm1 to use them or their 
distilled waters after supper1 c4 ,such 
men must not eat beans1 peas1 garlic1   
onions1 cabbage1 venison1 hare1 use     
black wines1 or any meat hard of        
digestion at supper1 or lie on their    
backs1 c4 ,rusticus pudor1 bashfulness1 
flushing in the face1 high colour1      
ruddiness1 are common grievances1 which 
much torture many melancholy men1 when  
they meet a man1 or come in             
#dcef;company of their betters1         
strangers1 after a meal1 or if they     
drink a cup of wine or strong drink1    
they are as red and fleet1 and sweat as 
if they had been at a mayor's feast1    
praesertim si metus accesserit1 it      
exceeds1 #dcegthey think every man      
observes1 takes notice of it3 and fear  

alone will effect it1 suspicion without 
any other cause4 ,sckenkius observ4 med4
 lib4 #a4 speaks of a waiting           
gentlewoman in the ,duke of ,savoy's    
court1 that was so much offended with   
it1 that she kneeled down to him1 and   
offered ,biarus1 a physician1 all that  
she had to be cured of it4 ,and 'tis    
most true1 that #dceh;,antony ,ludovicus
 saith in his book de ,pudore1          
bashfulness either hurts or helps1 such 
men ,i am sure it hurts4 ,if it proceed 
from suspicion or fear1 #dcei;,felix    
,plater prescribes no other remedy but  
to reject and contemn it3 ,id populus   
curat scilicet1 as a #dcfjworthy        
physician in our town said to a friend  
of mine in like case1 complaining       
without a cause1 suppose one look red1  
what matter is it1 make light of it1 who
 observes it8 ,if it trouble at or after
 meals1 7as #dcfa;,jobertus observes    
med4 pract4 l4 #a4 c4 #g47 after a      
little exercise or stirring1 for many   
are then hot and red in the face1 or if 

they do nothing at all1 especially      
women2 he would have them let blood in  
both arms1 first one1 then another1 two 
or three days between1 if blood abound2 
to use frictions of the other parts1    
feet especially1 and washing of them1   
because of that consent which is between
 the head and the feet4#dcfb;,and withal
 to refrigerate the face1 by washing it 
often with rose1 violet1 nenuphar1      
lettuce1 lovage waters1 and the like3   
but the best of all is that lac         
virginale1 or strained liquor of        
litargy3 it is diversely prepared2 by   
,jobertus thus2  lithar4 argent4 unc4 j 
cerussae candidissimae1 jjj4 caphurae1  
jj4 dissolvantur aquarum solani1        
lactucae1 et nenupharis ana unc4 jjj4   
aceti vini albi4 unc4 jj4 aliquot horas 
resideat1 deinde transmittatur per      
philt4 aqua servetur in vase vitreo1 ac 
ea bis terve facies quotidie irroretur4 
#dcfc,quercetan spagir4 phar4 cap4 #f4  
commends the water of frog's spawn for  
ruddiness in the face4 #dcfd;,crato     

consil4 #bhc4 ,scoltzii would fain have 
them use all summer the condite flowers 
of succory1 strawberry water1 roses     
7cupping-glasses are good for the time71
 consil4 #bhe4 et #bhf4 and to defecate 
impure blood with the infusion of senna1
 savory1 balm water4 #dcfe;,hollerius   
knew one cured alone with the use of    
succory boiled1 and drunk for five      
months1 every morning in the summer4    
#dcff;,it is good overnight to anoint   
the face with hare's blood1 and in the  
morning to wash it with strawberry and  
cowslip water1 the juice of distilled   
lemons1 juice of cucumbers1 or to use   
the seeds of melons1 or kernels of      
peaches beaten small1 or the roots of   
,aron1 and mixed with wheat bran to bake
 it in an oven1 and to crumble it in    
strawberry water1 #dcfg or to put fresh 
cheese curds to a red face4 ,if it      
trouble them at meal times that         
flushing1 as oft it doth1 with sweating 
or the like1 they must avoid all violent
 passions and actions1 as laughing1 c41 

strong drink1 and drink very little1    
#dcfhone draught1 saith ,crato1 and that
 about the midst of their meal2 avoid at
 all times indurate salt1 and especially
 spice and windy meat4 #dcfi;,crato     
prescribes the condite fruit of wild    
rose1 to a nobleman his patient1 to be  
taken before dinner or supper1 to the   
quantity of a chestnut4 ,it is made of  
sugar1 as that of quinces4 ,the         
decoction of the roots of sowthistle    
before meat1 by the same author is much 
approved4 ,to eat of a baked apple some 
advice1 or of a preserved quince1       
cuminseed prepared with meat instead of 
salt1 to keep down fumes3 not to study  
or to be intentive after meals4 4       
,nucleorum persic4 seminis melonum ana  
unc4  aquae fragrorum l4 ij4 misce1     
utatur mane4 #dcgj,to apply cupping     
glasses to the shoulders is very good4  
,for the other kind of ruddiness which  
is settled in the face with pimples1 c41
 because it pertains not to my subject1 
,i will not meddle with it4 ,i refer you

 to ,crato's counsels1 ,arnoldus lib4   
#a4 breviar4 cap4 #ci4 #a4 ,rulande1    
,peter ,forestus de ,fuco1 lib4 #ca4    
obser4 #b4 ,to ,platerus1 ,mercurialis1 
,ulmus1 ,rondoletius1 ,heurnius1        
,menadous1 and others that have written 
largely of it4 ,those other grievances  
and symptoms of headache1 palpitation of
 heart1 ,vertigo deliquium1 c41 which   
trouble many melancholy men1 because    
they are copiously handled apart in     
every physician1 ,i do voluntarily omit4
  ,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,cure of ,melancholy   
over all the ,body4  ,where the         
melancholy blood possesseth the whole   
body with the brain1 #dcga it is best to
 begin with bloodletting4 ,the ,greeks  
prescribe the #dcgb median or middle    
vein to be opened1 and so much blood to 
be taken away as the patient may well   
spare1 and the cut that is made must be 
wide enough4 ,the ,arabians hold it     
fittest to be taken from that arm on    
which side there is more pain and       
heaviness in the head3 if black blood   

issue forth1 bleed on2 if it be clear   
and good1 let it be instantly           
suppressed1 #dcgc because the malice of 
melancholy is much corrected by the     
goodness of the blood4 ,if the party's  
strength will not admit much evacuation 
in this kind at once1 it must be assayed
 again and again3 if it may not be      
conveniently taken from the arm1 it must
 be taken from the knees and ankles1    
especially to such men or women whose   
haemorrhoids or months have been        
stopped4 #dcgd ,if the malady continue1 
it is not amiss to evacuate in a part in
 the forehead1 and to virgins in the    
ankles1 who are melancholy for love     
matters2 so to widows that are much     
grieved and troubled with sorrow and    
cares3 for bad blood flows in the heart1
 and so crucifies the mind4 ,the        
haemorrhoids are to be opened with an   
instrument or horseleeches1 c4 ,see more
 in ,montaltus1 cap4 #bi4               
#dcge,sckenkius hath an example of one  
that was cured by an accidental wound in

 his thigh1 much bleeding freed him from
 melancholy4 ,diet1 diminutives1        
alteratives1 cordials1 correctors as    
before1 intermixed as occasion serves1  
#dcgf;all their study must be to make a 
melancholy man fat1 and then the cure is
 ended4 ,diuretics1 or medicines to     
procure urine1 are prescribed by some in
 this kind1 hot and cold3 hot where the 
heat of the liver doth not forbid2 cold 
where the heat of the liver is very     
great3 #dcgg;amongst hot are parsley    
roots1 lovage1 fennel1 c43 cold1 melon  
seeds1 c41 with whey of goat's milk1    
which is the common conveyer4 ,to purge 
and #dcghpurify the blood1 use          
sowthistle1 succory1 senna1 endive1     
carduus benedictus1 dandelion1 hop1     
maidenhair1 fumitory1 bugloss1 borage1  
c41 with their juice1 decoctions1       
distilled waters1 syrups1 c4 ,oswaldus1 
,crollius1 basil ,chym4 much admires    
salt of corals in this case1 and        
,aetius1 tetrabib4 ser4 #b4 cap4 #aad4  
,hieram ,archigenis1 which is an        

excellent medicine to purify the blood1 
for all melancholy affections1 falling  
sickness1 none to be compared to it4    
,,memb4 ,,iii4  ,,subsect4 ,i4--,cure of
 ,hypochondriacal ,melancholy4  ,in this
 cure1 as in the rest1 is especially    
required the rectification of those six 
non-natural things above all1 as good   
diet1 which ,montanus1 consil4 #bg4     
enjoins a ,french nobleman1 to have an  
especial care of it1 without which all  
other remedies are in vain4             
,bloodletting is not to be used1 except 
the patient's body be very full of      
blood1 and that it be derived from the  
liver and spleen to the stomach and his 
vessels1 then #dcgito draw it back1 to  
cut the inner vein of either arm1 some  
say the salvatella1 and if the malady be
 continuate1 #dchjto open a vein in the 
forehead4 ,preparatives and alteratives 
may be used as before1 saving that there
 must be respect had as well to the     
liver1 spleen1 stomach1 hypochondries1  
as to the heart and brain4 ,to comfort  

the #dchastomach and inner parts against
 wind and obstructions1 by ,areteus1    
,galen1 ,aetius1 ,aurelianus1 c41 and   
many latter writers1 are still          
prescribed the decoctions of wormwood1  
centaury1 pennyroyal1 betony sodden in  
whey1 and daily drunk3 many have been   
cured by this medicine alone4 ,prosper  
,altinus and some others as much magnify
 the water of ,nile against this malady1
 an especial good remedy for windy      
melancholy4 ,for which reason belike    
,ptolemeus ,philadelphus1 when he       
married his daughter ,berenice to the   
king of ,assyria 7as ,celsus1 lib4 #b4  
records71 magnis impensis ,nili aquam   
afferri jussit1 to his great charge     
caused the water of ,nile to be carried 
with her1 and gave command1 that during 
her life she should use no other drink4 
,i find those that commend use of       
apples1 in splenetic and this kind of   
melancholy 7lamb's-wool some call it71  
which howsoever approved1 must certainly
 be corrected of cold rawness and wind4 

,codronchus in his book de sale absyn4  
magnifies the oil and salt of wormwood  
above all other remedies1 #dchbwhich    
works better and speedier than any      
simple whatsoever1 and much to be       
preferred before all those fulsome      
decoctions and infusions1 which must    
offend by reason of their quantity2 this
 alone in a small measure taken1 expels 
wind1 and that most forcibly1 moves     
urine1 cleanseth the stomach of all     
gross humours1 crudities1 helps         
appetite1 c4 ,arnoldus hath a wormwood  
wine which he would have used1 which    
every pharmacopoeia speaks of4          
,diminutives and purges may #dchc;be    
taken as before1 of hiera1 manna1       
cassia1 which ,montanus consil4 #bcj4   
for an ,italian abbot1 in this kind     
prefers before all other simples1       
#dchd;,and these must be often used1    
still abstaining from those which are   
more violent1 lest they do exasperate   
the stomach1 c41 and the mischief by    
that means be increased4 ,though in some

 physicians ,i find very strong purgers1
 hellebore itself prescribed in this    
affection4 ,if it long continue1 vomits 
may be taken after meat1 or otherwise   
gently procured with warm water1 oxymel1
 c41 now and then4 ,fuchsius cap4 #cc4  
prescribes hellebore2 but still take    
heed in this malady1 which ,i have often
 warned1 of hot medicines1 #dche;because
 7as ,salvianus adds7 drought follows   
heat1 which increaseth the disease3 and 
yet ,baptista ,sylvaticus controv4 #cb4 
forbids cold medicines1 #dchf because   
they increase obstructions and other bad
 symptoms4 ,but this varies as the      
parties do1 and 'tis not easy to        
determine which to use4 #dchg,the       
stomach most part in this infirmity is  
cold1 the liver hot2 scarce therefore   
7which ,montanus insinuates consil4     
#bbi4 for the ,earl of ,manfort7 can you
 help the one and not hurt the other3   
much discretion must be used2 take no   
physic at all he concludes without great
 need4 ,laelius ,aegubinus consil4 for  

an hypochondriacal ,german prince1 used 
many medicines2 but it was after        
signified to him in #dchhletters1 that  
the decoction of ,china and sassafras1  
and salt of sassafras wrought him an    
incredible good4 ,in his #ajh consult1  
he used as happily the same remedies2   
this to a third might have been poison1 
by overheating his liver and blood4 ,for
 the other parts look for remedies in   
,savanarola1 ,gordonius1 ,massaria1     
,mercatus1 ,johnson1 c4 ,one for the    
spleen1 amongst many other1 ,i will not 
omit1 cited by ,hildesheim1 spicel4 #b1 
prescribed by ,mat4 ,flaccus1 and out of
 the authority of ,benevenius4 ,antony  
,benevenius in a hypochondriacal        
passion1 #dchi;cured an exceeding great 
swelling of the spleen with capers      
alone1 a meat befitting that infirmity1 
and frequent use of the water of a      
smith's forge2 by this physic he helped 
a sick man1 whom all other physicians   
had forsaken1 that for seven years had  
been splenetic4 ,and of such force is   

this water1 #dcijthat those creatures as
 drink of it1 have commonly little or no
 spleen4 ,see more excellent medicines  
for the spleen in him and #dcia,lod4    
,mercatus1 who is a great magnifier of  
this medicine4 ,this ,chalybs           
praeparatus1 or steel-drink1 is much    
likewise commended to this disease by   
,daniel ,sennertus l4 #a4 part4 #b4 cap4
 #ab4 and admired by ,j4 ,caesar        
,claudinus ,respons4 #bi4 he calls steel
 the proper #dcib;alexipharmacum of this
 malady1 and much magnifies it2 look for
 receipts in them4 ,averters must be    
used to the liver and spleen1 and to    
scour the mesaraic veins3 and they are  
either too open or provoke urine4 ,you  
can open no place better than the       
haemorrhoids1 which if by horseleeches  
they be made to flow1 #dcicthere may be 
again such an excellent remedy1 as      
,plater holds4 ,sallust4 ,salvian will  
admit no other phlebotomy but this2 and 
by his experience in an hospital which  
he kept1 he found all mad and melancholy

 men worse for other bloodletting4      
,laurentius cap4 #ae4 calls this of     
horseleeches a sure remedy to empty the 
spleen and mesaraic membrane4 ,only     
,montanus consil4 #bda4 is against it2  
#dcid to other men 7saith he7 this      
opening of the haemorrhoids seems to be 
a profitable remedy2 for my part ,i do  
not approve of it1 because it draws away
 the thinnest blood1 and leaves the     
thickest behind4 ,aetius1 ,vidus        
,vidius1 ,mercurialis1 ,fuchsius1       
recommend diuretics1 or such things as  
provoke urine1 as aniseeds1 dill1       
fennel1 germander1 ground pine1 sodden  
in water1 or drunk in powder3 and yet   
#dcie,p4 ,bayerus is against them3 and  
so is ,hollerius2 ,all melancholy men   
7saith he7 must avoid such things as    
provoke urine1 because by them the      
subtile or thinnest is evacuated1 the   
thicker matter remains4 ,clysters are in
 good request4 ,trincavelius lib4 #c4   
cap4 #ch4 for a young nobleman1 esteems 
of them in the first place1 and         

,hercules de ,saxonia ,panth4 lib4 #a4  
cap4 #af4 is a great approver of them4  
#dcif;,i have found 7saith he7 by       
experience1 that many hypochondriacal   
melancholy men have been cured by the   
sole use of clysters1 receipts are to be
 had in him4 ,besides those             
fomentations1 irrigations1 inunctions1  
odoraments1 prescribed for the head1    
there must be the like used for the     
liver1 spleen1 stomach1 hypochondries1  
c4 #dcig;,in crudity 7saith ,piso7 'tis 
good to bind the stomach hard to hinder 
wind1 and to help concoction4 ,of inward
 medicines ,i need not speak2 use the   
same cordials as before4 ,in this kind  
of melancholy1 some prescribe           
#dcihtreacle in winter1 especially      
before or after purges1 or in the       
spring1 as ,avicenna1 #dcii             
,trincavellius mithridate1              
#ddjj,montaltus paeony seed1 unicorn's  
horn2 os de corde cervi1 c4 ,amongst    
topics or outward medicines1 none are   
more precious than baths1 but of them ,i

 have spoken4 ,fomentations to the      
hypochondries are very good1 of wine and
 water in which are sodden southernwood1
 melilot1 epithyme1 mugwort1 senna1     
polypody1 as also #ddja;cerotes1        
#ddjbplaisters1 liniments1 ointments for
 the spleen1 liver1 and hypochondries1  
of which look for examples in           
,laurentius1 ,jobertus lib4 #c4 c4 pra4 
med4 ,montanus consil4 #bca4 ,montaltus 
cap4 #cc4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1        
,faventinus4 ,and so of epithems1       
digestive powders1 bags1 oils1 ,octavius
 ,horatianus lib4 #b4 c4 #e4 prescribes 
calastic cataplasms1 or dry purging     
medicines2 ,piso #ddjc;dropaces of      
pitch1 and oil of rue1 applied at       
certain times to the stomach1 to the    
metaphrene1 or part of the back which is
 over against the heart1 ,aetius        
sinapisms2 ,montaltus cap4 #ce4 would   
have the thighs to be #ddjd;cauterised1 
,mercurialis prescribes beneath the     
knees2 ,laelius ,aegubinus consil4 #gg4 
for a hypochondriacal ,dutchman1 will   

have the cautery made in the right      
thigh1 and so ,montanus consil4 #ee4    
,the same ,montanus consil4 #cd4        
approves of issues in the arms or hinder
 part of the head4 ,bernardus ,paternus 
in ,hildesheim spicel #b4 would have    
#ddje issues made in both the thighs2   
#ddjf,lod4 ,mercatus prescribes them    
near the spleen1 aut prope ventriculi   
regimen1 or in either of the thighs4    
,ligatures1 frictions1 and              
cupping-glasses above or about the      
belly1 without scarification1 which     
#ddjg;,felix ,platerus so much approves1
 may be used as before4  ,,subsect4     
,,ii4--,correctors to expel ,wind4      
,against ,costiveness1 c4  ,in this kind
 of melancholy one of the most offensive
 symptoms is wind1 which1 as in the     
other species1 so in this1 hath great   
need to be corrected and expelled4 ,the 
medicines to expel it are either        
inwardly taken1 or outwardly4 ,inwardly 
to expel wind1 are simples or compounds3
 simples are herbs1 roots1 c41 as       

galanga1 gentian1 angelica1 enula1      
calamus aromaticus1 valerian1 zeodoti1  
iris1 condite ginger1 aristolochy1      
cicliminus1 ,china1 dittander1          
pennyroyal1 rue1 calamint1 bay-berries1 
and bay-leaves1 betony1 rosemary1       
hyssop1 sabine1 centaury1 mint1         
camomile1 staechas1 agnus castus1       
broom-flowers1 origan1 orange-pills1 c42
 spices1 as saffron1 cinnamon1 bezoar   
stone1 myrrh1 mace1 nutmegs1 pepper1    
cloves1 ginger1 seeds of annis1 fennel1 
amni1 cari1 nettle1 rue1 c41 juniper    
berries1 grana paradisi2 compounds1     
dianisum1 diagalanga1 diaciminum1       
diacalaminth1 electuarium de baccis     
lauri1 benedicta laxativa1 pulvis ad    
status4 antid4 florent4 pulvis          
carminativus1 aromaticum rosatum1       
treacle1 mithridate c4 ,this one caution
 of #ddjh;,gualter ,bruell is to be     
observed in the administering of these  
hot medicines and dry1 that whilst they 
covet to expel wind1 they do not inflame
 the blood1 and increase the disease2   

sometimes 7as he saith7 medicines must  
more decline to heat1 sometimes more to 
cold1 as the circumstances require1 and 
as the parties are inclined to heat or  
cold4 ,outwardly taken to expel winds1  
are oils1 as of camomile1 rue1 bays1 c42
 fomentations of the hypochondries1 with
 the decoctions of dill1 pennyroyal1    
rue1 bay leaves1 cumin1 c41 bags of     
camomile flowers1 aniseed1 cumin1 bays1 
rue1 wormwood1 ointments of the oil of  
spikenard1 wormwood1 rue1 c4            
#ddji;,areteus prescribes cataplasms of 
camomile flowers1 fennel1 aniseeds1     
cumin1 rosemary1 wormwood-leaves1 c4    
#ddaj;,cupping-glasses applied to the   
hypochondries1 without scarification1 do
 wonderfully resolve wind4 ,fernelius   
consil4 #dc4 much approves of them at   
the lower end of the belly2 #ddaa,lod4  
,mercatus calls them a powerful remedy1 
and testifies moreover out of his own   
knowledge1 how many he hath seen        
suddenly eased by them4 ,julius ,caesar 
,claudinus respons4 med4 resp4 #cc4     

admires these cupping-glasses1 which he 
calls out of ,galen1 #ddab;a kind of    
enchantment1 they cause such present    
help4 ,empirics have a myriad of        
medicines1 as to swallow a bullet of    
lead1 c41 which ,i voluntarily omit4    
,amatus ,lusitanus1 cent4 #d4 curat4    
#ed4 for a hypochondriacal person1 that 
was extremely tormented with wind1      
prescribes a strange remedy4 ,put a pair
 of bellows end into a clyster pipe1 and
 applying it into the fundament1 open   
the bowels1 so draw forth the wind1     
natura non admittit vacuum4 ,he vaunts  
he was the first invented this remedy1  
and by means of it speedily eased a     
melancholy man4 ,of the cure of this    
flatuous melancholy1 read more in       
,fienus de ,flatibus1 cap4 #bf4 et      
passim alias4 ,against headache1        
vertigo1 vapours which ascend forth of  
the stomach to molest the head1 read    
,hercules de ,saxonia1 and others4 ,if  
costiveness offend in this1 or any other
 of the three species1 it is to be      

corrected with suppositories1 clysters  
or lenitives1 powder of senna1 condite  
prunes1 c4  ,elect4 lenit1 e succo      
rosar4 ana  j4 misce4 ,take as much as a
 nutmeg at a time1 half an hour before  
dinner or supper1 or pil4 mastichin4  j4
 in six pills1 a pill or two at a time4 
,see more in ,montan4 consil4 #bbi4     
,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 ,p4 ,cnemander1 
and ,montanus commend #ddac;,cyprian    
turpentine1 which they would have       
familiarly taken1 to the quantity of a  
small nut1 two or three hours before    
dinner and supper1 twice or thrice a    
week if need be2 for besides that it    
keeps the belly soluble1 it clears the  
stomach1 opens obstructions1 cleanseth  
the liver1 provokes urine4 ,these in    
brief are the ordinary medicines which  
belong to the cure of melancholy1 which 
if they be used aright1 no doubt may do 
much good2 ,si non levando saltem       
leniendo valent1 peculiaria bene        
selecta1 saith ,bessardus1 a good choice
 of particular receipts must needs ease1

 if not quite cure1 not one1 but all or 
most1 as occasion serves4 ,et quae non  
prosunt singula1 multa juvant4    ,,the 
,,synopsis ,,of ,,the ,,third           
,,partition4  ,love and love melancholy1
 ,memb4 #a ,sect4 #a4  ,preface or      
,introduction4 ,subsect4 #a4  ,love's   
definition1 pedigree1 object1 fair1     
amiable1 gracious1 and pleasant1 from   
which comes beauty1 grace1 which all    
desire and love1 parts affected4        
,division or kinds1 ,subs4 #b4          
,natural1 in things without life1 as    
love and hatred of elements2 and with   
life1 as vegetable1 vine and elm1       
sympathy1 antipathy1 c4  ,sensible1 as  
of beasts1 for pleasure1 preservation of
 kind1 mutual agreement1 custom1        
bringing up together1 c4  or ,rational  
,simple1 which hath three objects as ,m4
 #b4  ,profitable1 ,subs4 #a4  ,health1 
wealth1 honour1 we love our benefactors3
 nothing so amiable as profit1 or that  
which hath a show of commodity4         
,pleasant1 ,subs4 #b4  ,things without  

life1 made by art1 pictures1 sports1    
games1 sensible objects1 as hawks1      
hounds1 horses2 ,or men themselves for  
similitude of manners1 natural          
affection1 as to friends1 children1     
kinsmen1 c41 for glory such as commend  
us4  ,of women1 as  ,before marriage1 as
 ,heroical ,mel4 ,sect4 #b4 vide   ,or  
after marriage1 as ,jealousy1 ,sect4 #c4
 vide       ,honest1 ,subs4 #c4  ,fucate
 in show1 by some error or hypocrisy2   
some seem and are not2 or truly for     
virtue1 honesty1 good parts1 learning1  
eloquence1 c4      or ,mixed of all     
three1 which extends to ,m4 #c4  ,common
 good1 our neighbour1 country1 friends1 
which is charity2 the defect of which is
 cause of much discontent and           
melancholy4  or ,god1 ,sect4 #d4  ,in   
excess1 vide   ,in defect1 vide         
,heroical or ,love-,melancholy1 in which
 consider1  ,memb4 #a4 ,his pedigree1   
power1 extent to vegetables and sensible
 creatures1 as well as men1 to spirits1 
devils1 c4  ,his name1 definition1      

object1 part affected1 tyranny4 ,subs4  
#b4  ,causes1 ,memb4 #b4  ,stars1       
temperature1 full diet1 place1 country1 
clime1 condition1 idleness1 ,s4 #a4     
,natural allurements1 and causes of     
love1 as beauty1 its praise1 how it     
allureth4  ,comeliness1 grace1 resulting
 from the whole or some parts1 as face1 
eyes1 hair1 hands1 c4 ,subs4 #b4        
,artificial allurements1 and            
provocations of lust and love1 gestures1
 apparel1 dowry1 money1 c4  ,quest4     
,whether beauty owe more to ,art or     
,nature8 ,subs4 #c4  ,opportunity of    
time and place1 conference1 discourse1  
music1 singing1 dancing1 amorous tales1 
lascivious objects1 familiarity1 gifts1 
promises1 c4 ,subs4 #d4  ,bawds and     
,philters1 ,subs4 #e4   ,symptoms or    
signs1 ,memb4 #c4  ,of body  ,dryness1  
paleness1 leanness1 waking1 sighing1 c4 
,quest4 ,an delur pulsus amatorius8   or
 ,of mind4  ,bad1 as  ,fear1 sorrow1    
suspicion1 anxiety1 c4  ,a hell1        
torment1 fire1 blindness1 c4  ,dotage1  

slavery1 neglect of business4    or     
,good1 as  ,spruceness1 neatness1       
courage1 aptness to learn music1        
singing1 dancing1 poetry1 c4            
,prognostics2 despair1 madness1 frenzy1 
death1 ,memb4 #d4  ,cures1 ,memb4 #e4   
,by labour1 diet1 physic1 abstinence1   
,subs4 #a4  ,to withstand the           
beginnings1 avoid occasions1 fair and   
foul means1 change of place1 contrary   
passion1 witty inventions1 discommend   
the former1 bring in another1 ,subs4 #b4
  ,by good counsel1 persuasion1 from    
future miseries1 inconveniences1 c4 ,s4 
#c4  ,by philters1 magical1 and poetical
 cures1 ,subs4 #d4  ,to let them have   
their desire disputed pro and con4      
,impediments removed1 reasons for it4   
,subs4 #e4     ,jealousy1 ,sect4 #c4    
,his name1 definition1 extent1 power1   
tyranny1 ,memb4 #a4  ,division1         
,equivocations1 kinds1 ,subs4 #a4       
,improper  ,to many beasts2 as swans1   
cocks1 bulls4  ,to kings and princes1 of
 their subjects1 successors4  ,to       

friends1 parents1 tutors over their     
children1 or otherwise4    or ,proper   
,before marriage1 corrivals1 c4  ,after1
 as in this place our present subject4  
,causes1 ,subs4 #b4  ,in the parties    
themselves1  ,idleness1 impotency in one
 party1 melancholy1 long absence4  ,they
 have been naught themselves4 ,hard     
usage1 unkindness1 wantonness1          
inequality of years1 persons1 fortunes1 
c4    or from others4  ,outward         
enticements and provocations of others4 
,symptoms1 ,memb4 #b4  ,fear1 sorrow1   
suspicion1 anguish of mind1 strange     
actions1 gestures1 looks1 speeches1     
locking up1 outrages1 severe laws1      
prodigious trials1 c4    ,prognostics1  
,memb4 #c4  ,despair1 madness1 to make  
away themselves1 and others4    ,cures1 
,memb4 #d4  ,by avoiding occasions1     
always busy1 never to be idle4  ,by good
 counsel1 advice of friends1 to contemn 
or dissemble it4 ,subs4 #a4  ,by        
prevention before marriage4 ,plato's    
communion4  ,to marry such as are equal 

in years1 birth1 fortunes1 beauty1 of   
like conditions1 c4  ,of a good family1 
good education4 ,to use them well4      
,subs4 #b4     ,religious ,melancholy1  
,sect4 #d4  ,in excess of such as do    
that which is not required4 ,memb4 #a4  
,a proof that there is such a species of
 melancholy1 name1 object ,god1 what his
 beauty is1 how it allureth1 part and   
parties affected1 superstitious1        
idolaters1 prophets1 heretics1 c4 ,subs4
 #a4  ,causes1 ,subs4 #b4  ,from others 
,the devil's allurements1 false         
miracles1 priests for their gain4       
,politicians to keep men in obedience1  
bad instructors1 blind guides4    or    
from themselves4  ,simplicity1 fear1    
ignorance1 solitariness1 melancholy1    
curiosity1 pride1 vainglory1 decayed    
image of ,god4      ,symptoms1 ,subs4   
#c4  ,general  ,zeal without knowledge1 
obstinacy1 superstition1 strange        
devotion1 stupidity1 confidence1 stiff  
defence of their tenets1 mutual love and
 hate of other sects1 belief of         

incredibilities1 impossibilities4    or 
,particular4  ,of heretics1 pride1      
contumacy1 contempt of others1          
wilfulness1 vainglory1 singularity1     
prodigious paradoxes4  ,in superstitious
 blind zeal1 obedience1 strange works1  
fasting1 sacrifices1 oblations1 prayers1
 vows1 pseudomartyrdom1 mad and         
ridiculous customs1 ceremonies1         
observations4  ,in pseudoprophets1      
visions1 revelations1 dreams1           
prophecies1 new doctrines1 c41 of ,jews1
 ,gentiles1 ,mahometans1 c4             
,prognostics1 ,subs4 #d4  ,new          
doctrines1 paradoxes1 blasphemies1      
madness1 stupidity1 despair1 damnation4 
,cures1 ,subs4 #e4  ,by physic1 if need 
be1 conference1 good counsel1           
persuasion1 compulsion1 correction1     
punishment4 ,quaeritur an cogi debent8  
,affir4      ,in defect1 as ,memb4 #b4  
,secure1 void of grace and fears4       
,epicures1 atheists1 magicians1         
hypocrites1 such as have cauterised     
consciences1 or else are in a reprobate 

sense1 worldly-secure1 some             
philosophers1 impenitent sinners1 ,subs4
 #a4    or ,distrustful1 or too         
timorous1 as desperate4 ,in despair     
consider1  ,causes1 ,subs4 #b4  ,the    
devil and his allurements1 rigid        
preachers1 that wound their consciences1
 melancholy1 contemplation1             
solitariness4  ,how melancholy and      
despair differ4 ,distrust1 weakness of  
faith4 ,guilty conscience for offence   
committed1 misunderstanding1 c4         
,symptoms1 ,subs4 #c4  ,fear1 sorrow1   
anguish of mind1 extreme tortures and   
horror of conscience1 fearful dreams1   
conceits1 visions1 c4    ,prognostics2  
,blasphemy1 violent death1 ,subs4 #d4   
,cures1 ,subs4 #e4  ,physic1 as occasion
 serves1 conference1 not to be idle or  
alone4 ,good counsel1 good company1 all 
comforts and contents1 c4 ,subs4 #f4    
,,the ,,third ,,partition1              
,,love-,,melancholy4   ,,the ,,first    
,,section1 ,,member1 ,,subsection4  ,the
 ,preface4  ,there will not be wanting1 

,i presume1 one or other that will much 
discommend some part of this treatise of
 love-melancholy1 and object 7which     
#ddad;,erasmus in his preface to ,sir   
,thomas ,more suspects of his7 that it  
is too light for a divine1 too comical a
 subject to speak of love symptoms1 too 
fantastical1 and fit alone for a wanton 
poet1 a feeling young lovesick gallant1 
an effeminate courtier1 or some such    
idle person4 ,and 'tis true they say3   
for by the naughtiness of men it is so  
come to pass1 as #ddae ,caussinus       
observes1 ut castis auribus vox amoris  
suspecta sit1 et invisa1 the very name  
of love is odious to chaster ears2 and  
therefore some again1 out of an affected
 gravity1 will dislike all for the      
name's sake before they read a word2    
dissembling with him in #ddaf,petronius1
 and seem to be angry that their ears   
are violated with such obscene speeches1
 that so they may be admired for grave  
philosophers and staid carriage4 ,they  
cannot abide to hear talk of love toys1 

or amorous discourses1 vultu1 gestu1    
oculis in their outward actions averse1 
and yet in their cogitations they are   
all out as bad1 if not worse than       
others4 #ddag;,erubuit1 posuitque meum  
,lucretia librum ,sed coram ,bruto1     
,brute recede1 legit4  ,but let these   
cavillers and counterfeit ,catos know1  
that as the ,lord ,john answered the    
,queen in that ,italian #ddah;,guazzo1  
an old1 a grave discreet man is fittest 
to discourse of love matters1 because he
 hath likely more experience1 observed  
more1 hath a more staid judgment1 can   
better discern1 resolve1 discuss1       
advise1 give better cautions1 and more  
solid precepts1 better inform his       
auditors in such a subject1 and by      
reason of his riper years sooner divert4
 ,besides1 nihil in hac amoris voce     
subtimendum1 there is nothing here to be
 excepted at2 love is a species of      
melancholy1 and a necessary part of this
 my treatise1 which ,i may not omit2    
operi suscepto inserviendum fuit3 so    

,jacobus ,mysillius pleadeth for himself
 in his translation of ,lucian's        
dialogues1 and so do ,i2 ,i must and    
will perform my task4 ,and that short   
excuse of ,mercerus1 for his edition of 
,aristaenetus shall be mine1 #ddai;,if  
,i have spent my time ill to write1 let 
not them be so idle as to read4 ,but ,i 
am persuaded it is not so ill spent1 ,i 
ought not to excuse or repent myself of 
this subject2 on which many grave and   
worthy men have written whole volumes1  
,plato1 ,plutarch1 ,plotinus1 ,maximus1 
,tyrius1 ,alcinous1 ,avicenna1 ,leon    
,hebreus in three large dialogues1      
,xenophon sympos4 ,theophrastus1 if we  
may believe ,athenaeus1 lib4 #ac4 cap4  
#i4 ,picus ,mirandula1 ,marius1         
,aequicola1 both in ,italian1           
,kornmannus de linea ,amoris1 lib4 #c4  
,petrus ,godefridus hath handled in     
three books1 ,p4 ,haedus1 and which     
almost every physician1 as ,arnoldus1   
,villanovanus1 ,valleriola observat4    
med4 lib4 #b4 observ4 #g4 ,aelian       

,montaltus and ,laurentius in their     
treatises of melancholy1 ,jason         
,pratensis de morb4 cap4 ,valescus de   
,taranta1 ,gordonius1 ,hercules de      
,saxonia1 ,savanarola1 ,langius1 c41    
have treated of apart1 and in their     
works4 ,i excuse myself1 therefore1 with
 ,peter ,godefridus1 ,valleriola1       
,ficinus1 and in #ddbj,langius' words4  
,cadmus ,milesius writ fourteen books of
 love1 and why should ,i be ashamed to  
write an epistle in favour of young men1
 of this subject8 ,a company of stern   
readers dislike the second of the       
,aeneids1 and ,virgil's gravity1 for    
inserting such amorous passions in an   
heroical subject2 but #ddba,servius1 his
 commentator1 justly vindicates the     
poet's worth1 wisdom1 and discretion in 
doing as he did4 ,castalio would not    
have young men read the #ddbb           
,canticles1 because to his thinking it  
was too light and amorous a tract1 a    
ballad of ballads1 as our old ,english  
translation hath it4 ,he might as well  

forbid the reading of ,genesis1 because 
of the loves of ,jacob and ,rachael1 the
 stories of ,sichem and ,dinah1 ,judah  
and ,thamar2 reject the ,book of        
,numbers1 for the fornications of the   
people of ,israel with the ,moabites2   
that of ,judges for ,samson and         
,dalilah's embracings2 that of the      
,kings1 for ,david and ,bersheba's      
adulteries1 the incest of ,ammon and    
,thamar1 ,solomon's concubines1 c4 ,the 
stories of ,esther1 ,judith1 ,susanna1  
and many such4 ,dicearchus1 and some    
other1 carp at ,plato's majesty1 that he
 would vouchsafe to indite such love    
toys3 amongst the rest1 for that        
dalliance with ,agatho1  ,suavia dans   
,agathoni1 animam ipse in labra tenebam2
 ,aegra etenim properans tanquam abitura
 fuit4  ,for my part1 saith             
#ddbc,maximus ,tyrius1 a great          
,platonist himself1 me non tantum       
admiratio habet1 sed eliam stupor1 ,i do
 not only admire1 but stand amazed to   
read1 that ,plato and ,socrates both    

should expel ,homer from their city1    
because he writ of such light and wanton
 subjects1 ,quod ,junonem cum ,jove in  
,ida concumbentes inducit1 ab immortali 
nube contectos1 ,vulcan's net4 ,mars and
 ,venus' fopperies before all the gods1 
because ,apollo fled1 when he was       
persecuted by ,achilles1 the #ddbd;gods 
were wounded and ran whining away1 as   
,mars that roared louder than ,stentor1 
and covered nine acres of ground with   
his fall2 ,vulcan was a summer's day    
falling down from heaven1 and in ,lemnos
 ,isle brake his leg1 c41 with such     
ridiculous passages2 when1 as both      
,socrates and ,plato1 by his testimony1 
writ lighter themselves3 quid enim tam  
distat 7as he follows it7 quam amans a  
temperante1 formarum admirator a        
demente1 what can be more absurd than   
for grave philosophers to treat of such 
fooleries1 to admire ,autiloquus1       
,alcibiades1 for their beauties as they 
did1 to run after1 to gaze1 to dote on  
fair ,phaedrus1 delicate ,agatho1 young 

,lysis1 fine ,charmides1 haeccine       
,philosophum decent8 ,doth this become  
grave philosophers8 ,thus peradventure  
,callias1 ,thrasimachus1 ,polus1        
,aristophanes1 or some of his           
adversaries and emulators might object2 
but neither they nor #ddbe;,anytus and  
,melitus his bitter enemies1 that       
condemned him for teaching ,critias to  
tyrannise1 his impiety for swearing by  
dogs and plain trees1 for his juggling  
sophistry1 c41 never so much as         
upbraided him with impure love1 writing 
or speaking of that subject2 and        
therefore without question1 as he       
concludes1 both ,socrates and ,plato in 
this are justly to be excused4 ,but     
suppose they had been a little overseen1
 should divine ,plato be defamed8 no1   
rather as he said of ,cato's            
drunkenness1 if ,cato were drunk1 it    
should be no vice at all to be drunk4   
,they reprove ,plato then1 but without  
cause 7as #ddbf;,ficinus pleads7 for all
 love is honest and good1 and they are  

worthy to be loved that speak well of   
love4 ,being to speak of this admirable 
affection of love 7saith                
#ddbg,valleriola7 there lies open a vast
 and philosophical field to my          
discourse1 by which many lovers become  
mad2 let me leave my more serious       
meditations1 wander in these            
philosophical fields1 and look into     
those pleasant groves of the ,muses1    
where with unspeakable variety of       
flowers1 we may make garlands to        
ourselves1 not to adorn us only1 but    
with their pleasant smell and juice to  
nourish our souls1 and fill our minds   
desirous of knowledge1 c4 ,after a harsh
 and unpleasing discourse of melancholy1
 which hath hitherto molested your      
patience1 and tired the author1 give him
 leave with #ddbh;,godefridus the       
lawyer1 and ,laurentius 7cap4 #e47 to   
recreate himself in this kind after his 
laborious studies1 since so many grave  
divines and worthy men have without     
offence to manners1 to help themselves  

and others1 voluntarily written of it4  
,heliodorus1 a bishop1 penned a love    
story of ,theagines and ,chariclea1 and 
when some ,catos of his time reprehended
 him for it1 chose rather1 saith        
#ddbi,nicephorus1 to leave his bishopric
 than his book4 ,aeneas ,sylvius1 an    
ancient divine1 and past forty years of 
age1 7as #ddcj;he confesseth himself1   
after ,pope ,pius ,secundus7 indited    
that wanton history of ,euryalus and    
,lucretia4 ,and how many superintendents
 of learning could ,i reckon up that    
have written of light fantastical       
subjects8 ,beroaldus1 ,erasmus1         
,alpheratius1 twenty-four times printed 
in ,spanish1 c4 ,give me leave then to  
refresh my muse a little1 and my weary  
readers1 to expatiate in this           
delightsome field1 hoc deliciarum campo1
 as ,fonseca terms it1 to #ddca season a
 surly discourse with a more pleasing   
aspersion of love matters3 ,edulcare    
vitam convenit1 as the poet invites us1 
curas nugis1 c41 'tis good to sweeten   

our life with some pleasing toys to     
relish it1 and as ,pliny tells us1 magna
 pars studiosorum amaenitates quaerimus1
 most of our students love such pleasant
 #ddcbsubjects4 ,though ,macrobius teach
 us otherwise1 #ddccthat those old sages
 banished all such light tracts from    
their studies1 to nurse's cradles1 to   
please only the ear2 yet out of         
,apuleius ,i will oppose as honourable  
patrons1 ,solon1 ,plato1 #ddcd          
,xenophon1 ,adrian1 c4 that as highly   
approve of these treatises4 ,on the     
other side methinks they are not to be  
disliked1 they are not so unfit4 ,i will
 not peremptorily say as one did        
#ddcetam suavia dicam facinora1 ut male 
sit ei qui talibus non delectetur1 ,i   
will tell you such pretty stories1 that 
foul befall him that is not pleased with
 them2 ,neque dicam ea quae vobis usui  
sit audivisse1 et voluptati meminisse1  
with that confidence1 as ,beroaldus doth
 his enarrations on ,propertius4 ,i will
 not expert or hope for that            

approbation1 which ,lipsius gives to his
 ,epictetus2 pluris facio quum relego2  
semper ut novum1 et quum repetivi1      
repetendum1 the more ,i read1 the more  
shall ,i covet to read4 ,i will not     
press you with my pamphlets1 or beg     
attention1 but if you like them you may4
 ,pliny holds it expedient1 and most    
fit1 severitatem jucunditate etiam in   
scriptis condire1 to season our works   
with some pleasant discourse2 ,synesius 
approves it1 licet in ludicris ludere1  
the #ddcfpoet admires it1 ,omne tulit   
punctum qui miscuit utile dulci2 and    
there be those1 without question1 that  
are more willing to read such toys1 than
 #ddcg;,i am to write3 ,let me not live1
 saith ,aretine's ,antonia1 ,if ,i had  
not rather hear thy discourse1 #ddchthan
 see a play8 ,no doubt but there be more
 of her mind1 ever have been1 ever will 
be1 as #ddci;,hierome bears me witness4 
,a far greater part had rather read     
,apuleius than ,plato3 ,tully himself   
confesseth he could not understand      

,plato's ,timaeus1 and therefore cared  
less for it3 but every schoolboy hath   
that famous testament of ,grunnius      
,corocotta ,porcellus at his fingers'   
ends4 ,the comical poet1 #dddj------;,id
 sibi negoti credidit solum dari1       
,populo ut placrent1 quas fecissit      
fabulas1  made this his only care and   
sole study to please the people1 tickle 
the ear1 and to delight2 but mine       
earnest intent is as much to profit as  
to please2 non tam ut populo placerem1  
quam ut populum juvarem1 and these my   
writings1 ,i hope1 shall take like      
gilded pills1 which are so composed as  
well to tempt the appetite1 and deceive 
the palate1 as to help and medicinally  
work upon the whole body2 my lines shall
 not only recreate1 but rectify the     
mind4 ,i think ,i have said enough2 if  
not1 let him that is otherwise minded1  
remember that of #ddda,maudarensis1 he  
was in his life a philosopher 7as       
,ausonius apologiseth for him71 in his  
epigrams a lover1 in his precepts most  

severe2 in his epistle to ,caerellia1 a 
wanton4 ,annianus1 ,sulpicius1 ,evemus1 
,menander1 and many old poets besides1  
did in scriptis prurire1 write          
,fescennines1 ,atellans1 and lascivious 
songs2 laetam materiam2 yet they had in 
moribus censuram1 et severitatem1 they  
were chaste1 severe1 and upright livers4
 #dddb;,castum esse decet pium poetam   
,ipsum1 versiculos nihil necesse est1   
,qui tum denique habent salem et        
leporem4  ,i am of ,catullus' opinion1  
and make the same apology in mine own   
behalf2 ,hoc etiam quod scribo1 pendet  
plerumque ex aliorum sententia et       
auctoritate2 nec ipse forsan insanio1   
sed insanientes sequor4 ,atqui detur hoc
 insanire me2 ,semel insanivimus omnes1 
et tute ipse opinor insanis aliquando1  
et is1 et ille1 et ego1 scilicet4#dddc  
,homo sum1 humani a me nihil alienum    
puto3#dddd ,and which he urgeth for     
himself1 accused of the like fault1 ,i  
as justly plead1 #dddelasciva est nobis 
pagina1 vita proba est4 ,howsoever my   

lines err1 my life is honest1 #dddfvita 
verecunda est1 musa jocosa mihi4 ,but ,i
 presume ,i need no such apologies1 ,i  
need not1 as ,socrates in ,plato1 cover 
his face when he spake of love1 or blush
 and hide mine eyes1 as ,pallas did in  
her hood1 when she was consulted by     
,jupiter about ,mercury's marriage1     
quod1 super nuptiis virgo consulitur1 it
 is no such lascivious1 obscene1 or     
wanton discourse2 ,i have not offended  
your chaster ears with anything that is 
here written1 as many ,french and       
,italian authors in their modern        
language of late have done1 nay some of 
our ,latin pontificial writers1         
,zanches1 ,asorius1 ,abulensis1         
,burchardus1 c41 whom #dddg,rivet       
accuseth to be more lascivious than     
,virgil in ,priapeiis1 ,petronius in    
,catalectis1 ,aristophanes in           
,lycistratae1 ,martialis1 or any other  
pagan profane writer1 qui tam atrociter 
7#dddhone notes7 hoc genere peccarunt ut
 multa ingeniosissime scripta           

obscaenitatum gratia castae mentes      
abhorreant4 ',tis not scurrile this1 but
 chaste1 honest1 most part serious1 and 
even of religion itself4 #dddi;,incensed
 7as he said7 with the love of finding  
love1 we have sought it1 and found it4  
,more yet1 ,i have augmented and added  
something to this light treatise 7if    
light7 which was not in the former      
editions1 ,i am not ashamed to confess  
it1 with a good #ddej;author1 quod      
extendi et locupletari hoc subjectum    
plerique postulabant1 et eorum          
importunitate victus1 animum utcunque   
renitentem eo adegi1 ut jam sexta vice  
calamum in manum sumerem1 scriptionique 
longe et a studiis et professione mea   
alienae1 me accingerem1 horas aliquas a 
seriis meis occupationibus interim      
suffuratus1 easque veluti ludo cuidam ac
 recreationi destinans2                 
#ddea;,cogor------retrorsum ,vela dare1 
atque literare cursus ,olim             
relictos------  etsi non ignorarem novos
 fortasse detractores novis hisce       

interpolationibus meis minime defuturos4
 #ddeb ,and thus much ,i have thought   
good to say by way of preface1 lest any 
man 7which #ddec;,godefridus feared in  
his book7 should blame in me lightness1 
wantonness1 rashness1 in speaking of    
love's causes1 enticements1 symptoms1   
remedies1 lawful and unlawful loves1 and
 lust itself1 #dded;,i speak it only to 
tax and deter others from it1 not to    
teach1 but to show the vanities and     
fopperies of this heroical or ,herculean
 love1#ddee;and to apply remedies unto  
it4 ,i will treat of this with like     
liberty as of the rest4 #ddef,sed dicam 
vobis1 vos porro dicite multis          
,millibus1 et facite haec charta        
loquatur anus4  ,condemn me not good    
reader then1 or censure me hardly1 if   
some part of this treatise to thy       
thinking as yet be too light2 but       
consider better of it2 ,omnia munda     
mundis1 #ddeg;a naked man to a modest   
woman is no otherwise than a picture1 as
 ,augusta ,livia truly said1 and        

#ddehmala mens1 malus animus1 'tis as   
'tis taken4 ,if in thy censure it be too
 light1 ,i advise thee as ,lipsius did  
his reader for some places of ,plautus1 
istos quasi ,sirenum scopulos           
praetervehare1 if they like thee not1   
let them pass2 or oppose that which is  
good to that which is bad1 and reject   
not therefore all4 ,for to invert that  
verse of ,martial1 and with ,hierom     
,wolfius to apply it to my present      
purpose1 sunt mala1 sunt quaedam        
mediocria1 sunt bona plura2 some is     
good1 some bad1 some is indifferent4 ,i 
say further with him yet1 ,i have       
inserted 7#ddeilevicula quaedam et      
ridicula ascribere non sum gravatus1    
circumforanea quaedam e theatris1 e     
plateis1 etiam e popinis7 some things   
more homely1 light1 or comical1 litans  
gratiis1 c4 which ,i would request every
 man to interpret to the best1 and as   
,julius ,caesar ,scaliger besought      
,cardan 7si quid urbaniuscule lusum a   
nobis1 per deos immortales te oro       

,hieronyme ,cardane ne me male capias74 
,i beseech thee1 good reader1 not to    
mistake me1 or misconstrue what is here 
written2 ,per ,musas et ,charites1 et   
omnia ,poetarum numina1 benigne lector1 
oro te ne me male capias4 ',tis a       
comical subject2 in sober sadness ,i    
crave pardon of what is amiss1 and      
desire thee to suspend thy judgment1    
wink at small faults1 or to be silent at
 least2 but if thou likest1 speak well  
of it1 and wish me good success4        
,extremum hunc ,arethusa mihi concede   
laborem4#ddfj ,i am resolved howsoever1 
velis1 nolis1 audacter stadium intrare1 
in the ,olympics1 with those ,aeliensian
 wrestlers in ,philostratus1 boldly to  
show myself in this common stage1 and in
 this tragicomedy of love1 to act       
several parts1 some satirically1 some   
comically1 some in a mixed tone1 as the 
subject ,i have in hand gives occasion1 
and present scene shall require1 or     
offer itself4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,love's
 ,beginning1 ,object1 ,definition1      

,division4  ,love's limits are ample and
 great1 and a spacious walk it hath1    
beset with thorns1 and for that cause1  
which #ddfa,scaliger reprehends in      
,cardan1 not lightly to be passed over4 
,lest ,i incur the same censure1 #a will
 examine all the kinds of love1 his     
nature1 beginning1 difference1 objects1 
how it is honest or dishonest1 a virtue 
or vice1 a natural passion1 or a        
disease1 his power and effects1 how far 
it extends3 of which1 although something
 has been said in the first partition1  
in those sections of perturbations      
7#ddfb for love and hatred are the first
 and most common passions1 from which   
all the rest arise1 and are attendant1  
as ,picolomineus holds1 or as ,nich4    
,caussinus1 the primum mobile of all    
other affections1 which carry them all  
about them7 ,i will now more copiously  
dilate1 through all his parts and       
several branches1 that so it may better 
appear what love is1 and how it varies  
with the objects1 how in defect1 or     

7which is most ordinary and common7     
immoderate1 and in excess1 causeth      
melancholy4 ,love universally taken1 is 
defined to be a desire1 as a word of    
more ample signification3 and though    
,leon ,hebreus1 the most copious writer 
of this subject1 in his third dialogue  
make no difference1 yet in his first he 
distinguisheth them again1 and defines  
love by desire4 #ddfc,love is a         
voluntary affection1 and desire to enjoy
 that which is good4 #ddfd;,desire      
wisheth1 love enjoys2 the end of the one
 is the beginning of the other2 that    
which we love is present2 that which we 
desire is absent4 #ddfe;,it is worth the
 labour1 saith ,plotinus1 to consider   
well of love1 whether it be a god or a  
devil1 or passion of the mind1 or partly
 god1 partly devil1 partly passion4 ,he 
concludes love to participate of all    
three1 to arise from desire of that     
which is beautiful and fair1 and defines
 it to be an action of the mind desiring
 that which is good4 #ddff,plato calls  

it the great devil1 for its vehemency1  
and sovereignty over all other passions1
 and defines it an appetite1 #ddfg;by   
which we desire some good to be present4
 ,ficinus in his comment adds the word  
fair to this definition4 ,love is a     
desire of enjoying that which is good   
and fair4 ,austin dilates this common   
definition1 and will have love to be a  
delectation of the heart1 #ddfh;for     
something which we seek to win1 or joy  
to have1 coveting by desire1 resting in 
joy4 #ddfi,scaliger exerc4 #cja4 taxeth 
these former definitions1 and will not  
have love to be defined by desire or    
appetite2 for when we enjoy the things  
we desire1 there remains no more        
appetite3 as he defines it1 ,love is an 
affection by which we are either united 
to the thing we love1 or perpetuate our 
union2 which agrees in part with ,leon  
,hebreus4 ,now this love varies as its  
object varies1 which is always good1    
amiable1 fair1 gracious1 and pleasant4  
#ddgj;,all things desire that which is  

good1 as we are taught in the ,ethics1  
or at least that which to them seems to 
be good2 quid enim vis mali 7as ,austin 
well infers7 dic mihi8 puto nihil in    
omnibus actionibus2 thou wilt wish no   
harm1 ,i suppose1 no ill in all thine   
actions1 thoughts or desires1 nihil mali
 vis2 #ddgathou wilt not have bad corn1 
bad soil1 a naughty tree1 but all good2 
a good servant1 a good horse1 a good    
son1 a good friend1 a good neighbour1 a 
good wife4 ,from this goodness comes    
beauty2 from beauty1 grace1 and         
comeliness1 which result as so many rays
 from their good parts1 make us to love1
 and so to covet it3 for were it not    
pleasing and gracious in our eyes1 we   
should not seek4 #ddgb,no man loves     
7saith ,aristotle #i4 mor4 cap4 #e47 but
 he that was first delighted with       
comeliness and beauty4 ,as this fair    
object varies1 so doth our love2 for as 
,proclus holds1 ,omne pulchrum amabile1 
every fair thing is amiable1 and what we
 love is fair and gracious in our eyes1 

or at least we do so apprehend and still
 esteem of it4 #ddgc ,amiableness is the
 object of love1 the scope and end is to
 obtain it1 for whose sake we love1 and 
which our mind covets to enjoy4 ,and it 
seems to us especially fair and good2   
for good1 fair1 and unity1 cannot be    
separated4 ,beauty shines1 ,plato saith1
 and by reason of its splendour and     
shining causeth admiration2 and the     
fairer the object is1 the more eagerly  
it is sought4 ,for as the same ,plato   
defines it1 #ddgd;,beauty is a lively1  
shining or glittering brightness1       
resulting from effused good1 by ideas1  
seeds1 reasons1 shadows1 stirring up our
 minds1 that by this good they may be   
united and made one4 ,others will have  
beauty to be the perfection of the whole
 composition1 #ddge;caused out of the   
congruous symmetry1 measure1 order and  
manner of parts1 and that comeliness    
which proceeds from this beauty is      
called grace1 and from thence all fair  
things are gracious4 ,for grace and     

beauty are so wonderfully annexed1      
#ddgfso sweetly and gently win our      
souls1 and strongly allure1 that they   
confound our judgment and cannot be     
distinguished4 ,beauty and grace are    
like those beams and shinings that come 
from the glorious and divine sun1 which 
are diverse1 as they proceed from the   
diverse objects1 to please and affect   
our several senses4 #ddgg;,as the       
species of beauty are taken at our eyes1
 ears1 or conceived in our inner soul1  
as ,plato disputes at large in his      
,dialogue de pulchro1 ,phaedro1         
,hyppias1 and after many sophistical    
errors confuted1 concludes that beauty  
is a grace in all things1 delighting the
 eyes1 ears1 and soul itself2 so that1  
as ,valesius infers hence1 whatsoever   
pleaseth our ears1 eyes1 and soul1 must 
needs be beautiful1 fair1 and           
delightsome to us4 #ddgh;,and nothing   
can more please our ears than music1 or 
pacify our minds4 ,fair houses1         
pictures1 orchards1 gardens1 fields1 a  

fair hawk1 a fair horse is most         
acceptable unto us2 whatsoever pleaseth 
our eyes and ears1 we call beautiful and
 fair2 #ddgi,pleasure belongeth to the  
rest of the senses1 but grace and beauty
 to these two alone4 ,as the objects    
vary and are diverse1 so they diversely 
affect our eyes1 ears1 and soul itself4 
,which gives occasion to some to make so
 many several kinds of love as there be 
objects4 ,one beauty ariseth from ,god1 
of which and divine love ,s4 ,dionysius1
 #ddhjwith many fathers and neoterics1  
have written just volumes1 ,de amore    
,dei1 as they term it1 many paraenetical
 discourses2 another from his creatures2
 there is a beauty of the body1 a beauty
 of the soul1 a beauty from virtue1     
formam martyrum1 ,austin calls it1 quam 
videmus oculis animi1 which we see with 
the eyes of our mind2 which beauty1 as  
,tully saith1 if we could discern with  
these corporeal eyes1 admirabili sui    
amores excitaret1 would cause admirable 
affections1 and ravish our souls4 ,this 

other beauty which ariseth from those   
extreme parts1 and graces which proceed 
from gestures1 speeches1 several        
motions1 and proportions of creatures1  
men and women 7especially from women1   
which made those old poets put the three
 graces still in ,venus' company1 as    
attending on her1 and holding up her    
train7 are infinite almost1 and vary    
their names with their objects1 as love 
of money1 covetousness1 love of beauty1 
lust1 immoderate desire of any pleasure1
 concupiscence1 friendship1 love1       
goodwill1 c4 and is either virtue or    
vice1 honest1 dishonest1 in excess1     
defect1 as shall be showed in his place4
 ,heroical love1 religious love1 c4     
which may be reduced to a twofold       
division1 according to the principal    
parts which are affected1 the brain and 
liver4 ,amor et amicitia1 which         
,scaliger exercitat4 #cja4 ,valesius and
 ,melancthon warrant out of ,plato  and 
from that speech of ,pausanias belike1  
that makes two ,veneres and two loves4  

#ddha,one ,venus is ancient without a   
mother1 and descended from heaven1 whom 
we call celestial2 the younger1 begotten
 of ,jupiter and ,dione1 whom commonly  
we call ,venus4 ,ficinus1 in his comment
 upon this place1 cap4 #h4 following    
,plato1 calls these two loves1 two      
devils1 #ddhbor good and bad angels     
according to us1 which are still        
hovering about our souls4 #ddhc,the one 
rears to heaven1 the other depresseth us
 to hell2 the one good1 which stirs us  
up to the contemplation of that divine  
beauty for whose sake we perform justice
 and all godly offices1 study           
philosophy1 c42 the other base1 and     
though bad yet to be respected2 for     
indeed both are good in their own       
natures3 procreation of children is as  
necessary as that finding out of truth1 
but therefore called bad1 because it is 
abused1 and withdraws our souls from the
 speculation of that other to viler     
objects1 so far ,ficinus4 ,s4 ,austin1  
lib4 #ae4 de civ4 ,dei et sup4 ,psal4   

lxiv41 hath delivered as much in effect4
 #ddhd;,every creature is good1 and may 
be loved well or ill3 and #ddhe,two     
cities make two loves1 ,jerusalem and   
,babylon1 the love of ,god the one1 the 
love of the world the other2 of these   
two cities we all are citizens1 as by   
examination of ourselves we may soon    
find1 and of which4 ,the one love is the
 root of all mischief1 the other of all 
good4 ,so1 in his #ae4 cap4 lib4 de     
amor4 ,ecclesiae1 he will have those    
four cardinal virtues to be nought else 
but love rightly composed2 in his #ae4  
book de civ4 ,dei1 cap4 #bb4 he calls   
virtue the order of love1 whom ,thomas  
following #a4 part4 #b4 quaest4 #ee4    
art4 #a4 and quaest4 #ef4 #c4 quaest4   
#fb4 art4 #b4 confirms as much1 and     
amplifies in many words4 #ddhf,lucian1  
to the same purpose1 hath a division of 
his own1 ,one love was born in the sea1 
which is as various and raging in young 
men's breasts as the sea itself1 and    
causeth burning lust3 the other is that 

golden chain which was let down from    
heaven1 and with a divine fury ravisheth
 our souls1 made to the image of ,god1  
and stirs us up to comprehend the innate
 and incorruptible beauty to which we   
were once created4 ,beroaldus hath      
expressed all this in an epigram of his3
  ,dogmata divini memorant si vera      
,platonis1 ,sunt geminae ,veneres1 et   
geminatus amor4  ,coelestis ,venus est  
nullo generata parente1 ,quae casto     
sanctos nectit amore viros4  ,altera sed
 ,venus est totum vulgata per orbem1    
,quae divum mentes alligat1 atque       
hominum2  ,improba1 seductrix1 petulans1
 c4  ,if divine ,plato's tenets they be 
true1 ,two ,veneres1 two loves there be1
 ,the one from heaven1 unbegotten still1
 ,which knits our souls in unity4 ,the  
other famous over all the world1        
,binding the hearts of gods and men2    
,dishonest1 wanton1 and seducing she1   
,rules whom she will1 both where and    
when4  ,this twofold division of love1  
,origen likewise follows1 in his        

,comment on the ,canticles1 one from    
,god1 the other from the devil1 as he   
holds 7understanding it in the worse    
sense7 which many others repeat and     
imitate4 ,both which 7to omit all       
subdivisions7 in excess or defect1 as   
they are abused1 or degenerate1 cause   
melancholy in a particular kind1 as     
shall be shown in his place4 ,austin1 in
 another ,tract1 makes a threefold      
division of this love1 which we may use 
well or ill3 #ddhg;,god1 our neighbour1 
and the world3 ,god above us1 our       
neighbour next us1 the world beneath us4
 ,in the course of our desires1 ,god    
hath three things1 the world one1 our   
neighbour two4 ,our desire to ,god1 is  
either from ,god1 with ,god1 or to ,god1
 and ordinarily so runs4 ,from ,god1    
when it receives from him1 whence1 and  
for which it should love him3 with ,god1
 when it contradicts his will in        
nothing3 to ,god1 when it seeks to him1 
and rests itself in him4 ,our love to   
our neighbour may proceed from him1 and 

run with him1 not to him3 from him1 as  
when we rejoice of his good safety1 and 
well doing3 with him1 when we desire to 
have him a fellow and companion of our  
journey in the way of the ,lord3 not in 
him1 because there is no aid1 hope1 or  
confidence in man4 ,from the world our  
love comes1 when we begin to admire the 
,creator in his works1 and glorify ,god 
in his creatures3 with the world it     
should run1 if1 according to the        
mutability of all temporalities1 it     
should be dejected in adversity1 or over
 elevated in prosperity3 to the world1  
if it would settle itself in its vain   
delights and studies4 ,many such        
partitions of love ,i could repeat1 and 
subdivisions1 but least 7which ,scaliger
 objects to ,cardan1 ,exercitat4 #eja47 
#ddhh;,i confound filthy burning lust   
with pure and divine love1 ,i will      
follow that accurate division of ,leon  
,hebreus1 dial4 #b4 betwixt ,sophia and 
,philo1 where he speaks of natural1     
sensible1 and rational love1 and        

handleth each apart4 ,natural love or   
hatred1 is that sympathy or antipathy   
which is to be seen in animate and      
inanimate creatures1 in the four        
elements1 metals1 stones1 gravia tendunt
 deorsum1 as a stone to his centre1 fire
 upward1 and rivers to the sea4 ,the    
sun1 moon1 and stars go still around1   
#ddhi;,amantes naturae1 debita exercere1
 for love of perfection4 ,this love is  
manifest1 ,i say1 in inanimate          
creatures4 ,how comes a loadstone to    
draw iron to it8 jet chaff8 the ground  
to covet showers1 but for love8 ,no     
creature1 ,s4 ,hierom concludes1 is to  
be found1 quod non aliquid amat1 no     
stock1 no stone1 that hath not some     
feeling of love1 ',tis more eminent in  
plants1 herbs1 and is especially        
observed in vegetables2 as between the  
vine and elm a great sympathy1 between  
the vine and the cabbage1 between the   
vine and the olive1 #ddij ,virgo fugit  
,bromium1 between the vine and bays a   
great antipathy1 the vine loves not the 

bay1 #ddianor his smell1 and will kill  
him1 if he grow near him2 the bur and   
the lentil cannot endure one another1   
the olive #ddib;and the myrtle embrace  
each other1 in roots and branches if    
they grow near4 ,read more of this in   
,picolomineus grad4 #g4 cap4 #a4        
,crescentius lib4 #e4 de agric4         
,baptista ,porta de mag4 lib4 #a4 cap4  
de plant4 dodio et element4 sym4        
,fracastorius de sym4 et antip4 of the  
love and hatred of planets1 consult with
 every astrologer4 ,leon ,hebreus gives 
many fabulous reasons1 and moraliseth   
them withal4 ,sensible love is that of  
brute beasts1 of which the same ,leon   
,hebreus dial4 #b4 assigns these causes4
 ,first for the pleasure they take in   
the act of generation1 male and female  
love one another4 ,secondly1 for the    
preservation of the species1 and desire 
of young brood4 ,thirdly1 for the mutual
 agreement1 as being of the same kind3  
,sus sui1 canis cani1 bos bovi1 et      
asinus asino pulcherrimus videtur1 as   

,epicharmus held1 and according to that 
adage of ,diogenianus1 ,adsidet usque   
graculus apud graculum1 they much       
delight in one another's company1       
#ddic;,formicae grata est formica1      
cicada cicadae1 and birds of a feather  
will gather together4 ,fourthly1 for    
custom1 use1 and familiarity1 as if a   
dog be trained up with a lion and a     
bear1 contrary to their natures1 they   
will love each other4 ,hawks1 dogs1     
horses1 love their masters and keepers3 
many stories ,i could relate in this    
kind1 but see ,gillius de hist4 anim4   
lib4 #c4 cap4 #ad4 those two ,epistles  
of ,lipsius1 of dogs and horses1        
,agellius1 c4 ,fifthly1 for bringing up1
 as if a bitch bring up a kid1 a hen    
ducklings1 a hedge-sparrow a cuckoo1 c4 
,the third kind is ,amor cognitionis1 as
 ,leon calls it1 rational love1         
,intellectivus amor1 and is proper to   
men1 on which ,i must insist4 ,this     
appears in ,god1 angels1 men4 ,god is   
love itself1 the fountain of love1 the  

disciple of love1 as ,plato styles him2 
the servant of peace1 the ,god of love  
and peace2 have peace with all men and  
,god is with you4 #ddid------,quisquis  
veneratur ,olympum1 ,ipse sibi mundum   
subjicit atque ,deum4  #ddie;,by this   
love 7saith ,gerson7 we purchase heaven1
 and buy the kingdom of ,god4 ,this     
#ddiflove is either in the ,trinity     
itself 7for the ,holy ,ghost is the love
 of the ,father and the ,son1 c4 ,john  
iii4 #ce1 and v4 #bj1 and xiv4 #ca71 or 
towards us his creatures1 as in making  
the world4 ,amor mundum fecit1 love     
built cities1 mundi anima1 invented     
arts1 sciences1 and all #ddig;good      
things1 incites us to virtue and        
humanity1 combines and quickens2 keeps  
peace on earth1 quietness by sea1 mirth 
in the winds and elements1 expels all   
fear1 anger1 and rusticity2 ,circulus a 
bono in bonum1 a round circle still from
 good to good2 for love is the beginner 
and end of all our actions1 the         
efficient and instrumental cause1 as our

 poets in their symbols1 impresses1     
#ddih;emblems of rings1 squares1 c41    
shadow unto us1 ,si rerum quaeris fuerit
 quis finis et ortus1 ,desine2 nam causa
 est unica solus amor4  ,if first and   
last of anything you wit1 ,cease2 love's
 the sole and only cause of it4  ,love1 
saith #ddii,leo1 made the world1 and    
afterwards in redeeming of it1 ,god so  
loved the world1 that he gave his only  
begotten son for it1 ,john iii4 #af4    
,behold what love the ,father hath      
showed on us1 that we should be called  
the sons of ,god1 #a ,john iii4 #a4 ,or 
by ,his sweet ,providence1 in protecting
 of it2 either all in general1 or ,his  
saints elect and church in particular1  
whom ,he keeps as the apple of ,his eye1
 whom ,he loves freely1 as ,hosea xiv4  
#e4 speaks1 and dearly respects1        
#dejj;,charior est ipsis homo quam sibi4
 ,not that we are fair1 nor for any     
merit or grace of ours1 for we are most 
vile and base2 but out of ,his          
incomparable love and goodness1 out of  

,his ,divine ,nature4 ,and this is that 
,homer's golden chain1 which reacheth   
down from heaven to earth1 by which     
every creature is annexed1 and depends  
on his ,creator4 ,he made all1 saith    
#deja,moses1 and it was good2 ,he loves 
it as good4 ,the love of angels and     
living souls is mutual amongst          
themselves1 towards us militant in the  
church1 and all such as love ,god2 as   
the sunbeams irradiate the earth from   
those celestial thrones1 they by their  
well wishes reflect on us1 #dejb;in     
salute hominum promovenda alacres1 et   
constantes administri1 there is joy in  
heaven for every sinner that repenteth2 
they pray for us1 are solicitous for our
 good1 #dejc;,casti genii4 #dejd,ubi    
regnat charitas1 suave desiderium1      
,laetitiaque et amor ,deo conjunctus4   
,love proper to mortal men is the third 
member of this subdivision1 and the     
subject of my following discourse4      
,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,,subsect4 ,i4--,love of 
,men1 which varies as his ,objects1     

,profitable1 ,pleasant1 ,honest4        
,valesius1 lib4 #c4 contr4 #ac1 defines 
this love which is in men1 to be        
#deje;an affection of both powers1      
appetite and reason4 ,the rational      
resides in the brain1 the other in the  
liver 7as before hath been said out of  
,plato and others72 the heart is        
diversely affected of both1 and carried 
a thousand ways by consent4 ,the        
sensitive faculty most part overrules   
reason1 the soul is carried hoodwinked1 
and the understanding captive like a    
beast4 #dejf,the heart is variously     
inclined1 sometimes they are merry1     
sometimes sad1 and from love arise hope 
and fear1 jealousy1 fury1 desperation4  
,now this love of men is diverse1 and   
varies1 as the object varies1 by which  
they are enticed1 as virtue1 wisdom1    
eloquence1 profit1 wealth1 money1 fame1 
honour1 or comeliness of person1 c4     
,leon ,hubreus1 in his first dialogue1  
reduceth them all to these three1 utile1
 jucundum1 honestum1 profitable1        

pleasant1 honest2 7out of ,aristotle    
belike #h4 moral47 of which he          
discourseth at large1 and whatsoever is 
beautiful and fair1 is referred to them1
 or any way to be desired4 #dejg,to     
profitable is ascribed health1 wealth1  
honour1 c41 which is rather ambition1   
desire1 covetousness1 than love3        
friends1 children1 love of women1       
#dejh;all delightful and pleasant       
objects1 are referred to the second4    
,the love of honest things consists in  
virtue and wisdom1 and is preferred     
before that which is profitable and     
pleasant3 intellectual1 about that which
 is honest4 #deji,st4 ,austin calls     
profitable1 worldly2 pleasant1 carnal2  
honest1 spiritual4 #deaj,of and from all
 three1 result charity1 friendship1 and 
true love1 which respects ,god and our  
neighbour4 ,of each of these ,i will    
briefly dilate1 and show in what sort   
they cause melancholy4 ,amongst all     
these fair enticing objects1 which      
procure love1 and bewitch the soul of   

man1 there is none so moving1 so        
forcible as profit2 and that which      
carrieth with it a show of commodity4   
,health indeed is a precious thing1 to  
recover and preserve which we will      
undergo any misery1 drink bitter        
potions1 freely give our goods3 restore 
a man to his health1 his purse lies open
 to thee1 bountiful he is1 thankful and 
beholding to thee2 but give him wealth  
and honour1 give him gold1 or what shall
 be for his advantage and preferment1   
and thou shalt command his affections1  
oblige him eternally to thee1 heart1    
hand1 life1 and all is at thy service1  
thou art his dear and loving friend1    
good and gracious lord and master1 his  
,mecaenas2 he is thy slave1 thy vassal1 
most devote1 affectioned1 and bound in  
all duty3 tell him good tidings in this 
kind1 there spoke an angel1 a blessed   
hour that brings in gain1 he is thy     
creature1 and thou his creator1 he hugs 
and admires thee2 he is thine for ever4 
,no loadstone so attractive as that of  

profit1 none so fair an object as this  
of gold2 #deaanothing wins a man sooner 
than a good turn1 bounty and liberality 
command body and soul3  ,munera 7crede  
mihi7 placant hominesque deosque2       
,placatur donis ,jupiter ipse datis4    
,good turns doth pacify both ,god and   
men1 ,and ,jupiter himself is won by    
them4  ,gold of all other is a most     
delicious object2 a sweet light1 a      
goodly lustre it hath2 gratius aurum    
quam solem intuemur1 saith ,austin1 and 
we had rather see it than the sun4      
,sweet and pleasant in getting1 in      
keeping2 it seasons all our labours1    
intolerable pains we take for it1 base  
employments1 endure bitter flouts and   
taunts1 long journeys1 heavy burdens1   
all are made light and easy by this hope
 of gain3 ,at mihi plaudo ipse domi1    
simul ac nummos contemplor in arca4 ,the
 sight of gold refresheth our spirits1  
and ravisheth our hearts1 as that       
,babylonian garment and #deab golden    
wedge did ,achan in the camp1 the very  

sight and hearing sets on fire his soul 
with desire of it4 ,it will make a man  
run to the antipodes1 or tarry at home  
and turn parasite1 lie1 flatter1        
prostitute himself1 swear and bear false
 witness2 he will venture his body1 kill
 a king1 murder his father1 and damn his
 soul to come at it4 ,formosior auri    
massa1 as #deac he well observed1 the   
mass of gold is fairer than all your    
,grecian pictures1 that ,apelles1       
,phidias1 or any doting painter could   
ever make3 we are enamoured with it1    
#dead,prima fere vota1 et cunctis       
notissima templis1 ,divitiae ut         
crescant4------  ,all our labours1      
studies1 endeavours1 vows1 prayers and  
wishes1 are to get1 how to compass it4  
#deae;,haec est illa cui famulatur      
maximus orbis1 ,diva potens rerum1      
domitrixque pecunia fati4  ,this is the 
great goddess we adore and worship2 this
 is the sole object of our desire4 ,if  
we have it1 as we think1 we are made for
 ever1 thrice happy1 princes1 lords1 c4 

,if we lose it1 we are dull1 heavy1     
dejected1 discontent1 miserable1        
desperate1 and mad4 ,our estate and bene
 esse ebbs and flows with our commodity2
 and as we are endowed or enriched1 so  
are we beloved and esteemed3 it lasts no
 longer than our wealth2 when that is   
gone1 and the object removed1 farewell  
friendship3 as long as bounty1 good     
cheer1 and rewards were to be hoped1    
friends enough2 they were tied to thee  
by the teeth1 and would follow thee as  
crows do a carcass3 but when thy goods  
are gone and spent1 the lamp of their   
love is out1 and thou shalt be          
contemned1 scorned1 hated1 injured4     
#deaf,lucian's ,timon1 when he lived in 
prosperity1 was the sole spectacle of   
,greece1 only admired2 who but ,timon8  
,everybody loved1 honoured1 applauded   
him1 each man offered him his service1  
and sought to be kin to him2 but when   
his gold was spent1 his fair possessions
 gone1 farewell ,timon3 none so ugly1   
none so deformed1 so odious an object as

 ,timon1 no man so ridiculous on a      
sudden1 they gave him a penny to buy a  
rope1 no man would know him4 ',tis the  
general humour of the world1 commodity  
steers our affections throughout1 we    
love those that are fortunate and rich1 
that thrive1 or by whom we may receive  
mutual kindness1 hope for like          
courtesies1 get any good1 gain1 or      
profit2 hate those1 and abhor on the    
other side1 which are poor and          
miserable1 or by whom we may sustain    
loss or inconvenience4 ,and even those  
that were now familiar and dear unto us1
 our loving and long friends1           
neighbours1 kinsmen1 allies1 with whom  
we have conversed1 and lived as so many 
,geryons for some years past1 striving  
still to give one another all good      
content and entertainment1 with mutual  
invitations1 feastings1 disports1       
offices1 for whom we would ride1 run1   
spend ourselves1 and of whom we have so 
freely and honourably spoken1 to whom we
 have given all those turgent titles1   

and magnificent eulogiums1 most         
excellent and most noble1 worthy1 wise1 
grave1 learned1 valiant1 c41 and        
magnified beyond measure3 if any        
controversy arise between us1 some      
trespass1 injury1 abuse1 some part of   
our goods be detained1 a piece of land  
come to be litigious1 if they cross us  
in our suit1 or touch the string of our 
commodity1 we detest and depress them   
upon a sudden3 neither affinity1        
consanguinity1 or old acquaintance can  
contain us1 but #deagrupto jecore       
exierit ,caprificus4 ,a golden apple    
sets altogether by the ears1 as if a    
marrowbone or honeycomb were flung      
amongst bears3 father and son1 brother  
and sister1 kinsmen are at odds3 and    
look what malice1 deadly hatred can     
invent1 that shall be done1 ,terrible1  
dirum1 pestilens1 atrox1 ferum1 mutual  
injuries1 desire of revenge1 and how to 
hurt them1 him and his1 are all our     
studies4 ,if our pleasures be interrupt1
 we can tolerate it3 our bodies hurt1 we

 can put it up and be reconciled3 but   
touch our commodities1 we are most      
impatient3 fair becomes foul1 the graces
 are turned to harpies1 friendly        
salutations to bitter imprecations1     
mutual feastings to plotting villainies1
 minings and counterminings2 good words 
to satires and invectives1 we revile e  
contra1 nought but his imperfections are
 in our eyes1 he is a base knave1 a     
devil1 a monster1 a caterpillar1 a      
viper1 a hog-rubber1 c4 ,desinit in     
piscem mulier formosa superne2#deah the 
scene is altered on a sudden1 love is   
turned to hate1 mirth to melancholy3 so 
furiously are we most part bent1 our    
affections fixed upon this object of    
commodity1 and upon money1 the desire of
 which in excess is covetousness3       
ambition tyranniseth over our souls1 as 
#deai;,i have shown1 and in defect      
crucifies as much1 as if a man by       
negligence1 ill husbandry1 improvidence1
 prodigality1 waste and consume his     
goods and fortunes1 beggary follows1 and

 melancholy1 he becomes an abject1      
#debjodious and worse than an infidel1  
in not providing for his family4        
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,pleasant ,objects of 
,love4  ,pleasant objects are infinite1 
whether they be such as have life1 or be
 without life2 inanimate are countries1 
provinces1 towers1 towns1 cities1 as he 
said1 #deba,pulcherrimam insulam        
videmus1 etiam cum non videmus we see a 
fair island by description1 when we see 
it not4 ,the #debbsun never saw a fairer
 city1 ,thessala ,tempe1 orchards1      
gardens1 pleasant walks1 groves1        
fountains1 c4 ,the heaven itself is said
 to be #debc;fair or foul3 fair         
buildings1 #debd;fair pictures1 all     
artificial1 elaborate and curious works1
 clothes1 give an admirable lustre3 we  
admire1 and gaze upon them1 ut pueri    
,junonis avem1 as children do on a      
peacock3 a fair dog1 a fair horse and   
hawk1 c4 #debe,thessalus amat equum     
pullinum1 buculum ,aegyptius1           
,lacedaemonius ,catulum1 c41 such things

 we love1 are most gracious in our      
sight1 acceptable unto us1 and          
whatsoever else may cause this passion1 
if it be superfluous or immoderately    
loved1 as ,guianerius observes4 ,these  
things in themselves are pleasing and   
good1 singular ornaments1 necessary1    
comely1 and fit to be had2 but when we  
fix an immoderate eye1 and dote on them 
over much1 this pleasure may turn to    
pain1 bring much sorrow and discontent  
unto us1 work our final overthrow1 and  
cause melancholy in the end4 ,many are  
carried away with those bewitching      
sports of gaming1 hawking1 hunting1 and 
such vain pleasures1 as #debf;,i have   
said3 some with immoderate desire of    
fame1 to be crowned in the ,olympics1   
knighted in the field1 c41 and by these 
means ruinate themselves4 ,the          
lascivious dotes on his fair mistress1  
the glutton on his dishes1 which are    
infinitely varied to please the palate1 
the epicure on his several pleasures1   
the superstitious on his idol1 and fats 

himself with future joys1 as ,turks feed
 themselves with an imaginary persuasion
 of a sensual paradise3 so several      
pleasant objects diversely affect       
diverse men4 ,but the fairest objects   
and enticings proceed from men          
themselves1 which most frequently       
captivate1 allure1 and make them dote   
beyond all measure upon one another1 and
 that for many respects3 first1 as some 
suppose1 by that secret force of stars1 
7quod me tibi temperat astrum87 ,they do
 singularly dote on such a man1 hate    
such again1 and can give no reason for  
it4 #debg,non amo te ,sabidi1 c4        
,alexander admired ,ephestion1 ,adrian  
,antinous1 ,nero ,sporus1 c4 ,the       
physicians refer this to their          
temperament1 astrologers to trine and   
sextile aspects1 or opposite of their   
several ascendants1 lords of their      
genitures1 love and hatred of planets2  
#debh ,cicogna1 to concord and discord  
of spirits2 but most to outward graces4 
,a merry companion is welcome and       

acceptable to all men1 and therefore1   
saith #debi;,gomesius1 princes and great
 men entertain jesters and players      
commonly in their courts4 ,but          
#decj,pares cum paribus facillime       
congregantur1 'tis that #decasimilitude 
of manners1 which ties most men in an   
inseparable link1 as if they be addicted
 to the same studies or disports1 they  
delight in one another's companies1     
birds of a feather will gather together3
 if they be of divers inclinations1 or  
opposite in manners1 they can seldom    
agree4 ,secondly1 #decb;affability1     
custom1 and familiarity1 may convert    
nature many times1 though they be       
different in manners1 as if they be     
countrymen1 fellow-students1 colleagues1
 or have been fellow-soldiers1          
#decc;brethren in affliction1           
7#decd;acerba calamitatum societas1     
diversi etiam ingenii homines conjungit7
 affinity1 or some such accidental      
occasion1 though they cannot agree      
amongst themselves1 they will stick     

together like burrs1 and bold against a 
third2 so after some discontinuance1 or 
death1 enmity ceaseth2 or in a foreign  
place3 ,pascitur in vivis livor1 post   
fata quiescit3 ,et cecidere odia1 et    
tristes mors obruit iras4  ,a third     
cause of love and hate1 may be mutual   
offices1 acceptum beneficium1           
#dece;commend him1 use him kindly1 take 
his part in a quarrel1 relieve him in   
his misery1 thou winnest him for ever2  
do the opposite1 and be sure of a       
perpetual enemy4 ,praise and dispraise  
of each other1 do as much1 though       
unknown1 as #decf,schoppius by ,scaliger
 and ,casaubonus3 mulus mulum scabit2   
who but ,scaliger with him8 what        
encomiums1 epithets1 eulogiums8         
,antistes sapientiae1 perpetuus         
dictator1 literarum ornamentum1 ,europae
 miraculum1 noble ,scaliger1 #decg      
incredibilis ingenii praestantia1 c41   
diis potius quam hominibus per omnia    
comparandus1 scripta ejus aurea ancylia 
de coelo delapsa poplitibus veneramur   

flexis1 c41#dech but when they began to 
vary1 none so absurd as ,scaliger1 so   
vile and base1 as his books de ,burdonum
 familia1 and other satirical invectives
 may witness1 ,ovid1 in ,ibin1          
,archilocus himself was not so bitter4  
,another great tie or cause of love1 is 
consanguinity3 parents are clear to     
their children1 children to their       
parents1 brothers and sisters1 cousins  
of all sorts1 as a hen and chickens1 all
 of a knot3 every crow thinks her own   
bird fairest4 ,many memorable examples  
are in this kind1 and 'tis portenti     
simile1 if they do not3 #deci;a mother  
cannot forget her child3 ,solomon so    
found out the true owner2 love of       
parents may not be concealed1 'tis      
natural1 descends1 and they that are    
inhuman in this kind1 are unworthy of   
that air they breathe1 and of the four  
elements2 yet many unnatural examples we
 have in this rank1 of hard-hearted     
parents1 disobedient children1 of       
#dedj;disagreeing brothers1 nothing so  

common4 ,the love of kinsmen is grown   
cold1 #dedamany kinsmen 7as the saying  
is7 few friends2 if thine estate be     
good1 and thou able1 par pari referre1  
to requite their kindness1 there will be
 mutual correspondence1 otherwise thou  
art a burden1 most odious to them above 
all others4 ,the last object that ties  
man and man1 is comeliness of person1   
and beauty alone1 as men love women with
 a wanton eye3 which '  is termed       
heroical1 or love-melancholy4 ,other    
loves 7saith ,picolomineus7 are so      
called with some contraction1 as the    
love of wine1 gold1 c41 but this of     
women is predominant in a higher strain1
 whose part affected is the liver1 and  
this love deserves a longer explication1
 and shall be dilated apart in the next 
section4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,honest    
,objects of ,love4  ,beauty is the      
common object of all love1 #dedb;as jet 
draws a straw1 so doth beauty love3     
virtue and honesty are great motives1   
and give as fair a lustre as the rest1  

especially if they be sincere and right1
 not fucate1 but proceeding from true   
form1 and an incorrupt judgment2 those  
two ,venus' twins1 ,eros and ,anteros1  
are then most firm and fast4 ,for many  
times otherwise men are deceived by     
their flattering gnathos1 dissembling   
camelions1 outsides1 hypocrites that    
make a show of great love1 learning1    
pretend honesty1 virtue1 zeal1 modesty1 
with affected looks and counterfeit     
gestures3 feigned protestations often   
steal away the hearts and favours of    
men1 and deceive them1 specie virtutis  
et umbra1 when as revera and indeed1    
there is no worth or honesty at all in  
them1 no truth1 but mere hypocrisy1     
subtlety1 knavery1 and the like4 ,as    
true friends they are1 as he that       
,caelius ,secundus met by the highway   
side2 and hard it is in this temporising
 age to distinguish such companions1 or 
to find them out4 ,such gnathos as these
 for the most part belong to great men1 
and by this glozing flattery1           

affability1 and such like philters1 so  
dive and insinuate into their favours1  
that they are taken for men of excellent
 worth1 wisdom1 learning1 demigods1 and 
so screw themselves into dignities1     
honours1 offices2 but these men cause   
harsh confusion often1 and as many times
 stirs as ,rehoboam's counsellors in a  
commonwealth1 overthrew themselves and  
others4 ,tandlerus and some authors make
 a doubt1 whether love and hatred may be
 compelled by philters or characters2   
,cardan and ,marbodius1 by precious     
stones and amulets2 astrologers by      
election of times1 c4 as #dedc;,i shall 
elsewhere discuss4 ,the true object of  
this honest love is virtue1 wisdom1     
honesty1 #deddreal worth1 ,interna      
forma1 and this love cannot deceive or  
be compelled1 ut ameris amabilis esto1  
love itself is the most potent philtrum1
 virtue and wisdom1 gratia gratum       
faciens1 the sole and only grace1 not   
counterfeit1 but open1 honest1 simple1  
naked1 #dede;descending from heaven1 as 

our apostle hath it1 an infused habit   
from ,god1 which hath given several     
gifts1 as wit1 learning1 tongues1 for   
which they shall be amiable and         
gracious1 ,eph4 iv4 #aa4 as to ,saul    
stature and a goodly presence1 #a ,sam4 
ix4 #a4 ,joseph found favour in         
,pharaoh's court1 ,gen4 xxxix1 for      
#dedf;his person2 and ,daniel with the  
princes of the eunuchs1 ,dan4 xix4 #ai4 
,christ was gracious with ,god and men1 
,luke ii4 #eb4 ,there is still some     
peculiar grace1 as of good discourse1   
eloquence1 wit1 honesty1 which is the   
primum mobile1 first mover1 and a most  
forcible loadstone to draw the favours  
and good wills of men's eyes1 ears1 and 
affections unto them4 ,when ,jesus      
spake1 they were all astonished at his  
answers1 7,luke ii4 #dg47 and wondered  
at his gracious words which proceeded   
from his mouth4 ,an orator steals away  
the hearts of men1 and as another       
,orpheus1 quo vult1 unde vult1 he pulls 
them to him by speech alone3 a sweet    

voice causeth admiration2 and he that   
can utter himself in good words1 in our 
ordinary phrase1 is called a proper man1
 a divine spirit4 ,for which cause      
belike1 our old poets1 ,senatus         
populusque poetarum1 made ,mercury the  
gentleman-usher to the ,graces1 captain 
of eloquence1 and those charities to be 
,jupiter's and ,eurymone's daughters1   
descended from above4 ,though they be   
otherwise deformed1 crooked1 ugly to    
behold1 those good parts of the mind    
denominate them fair4 ,plato commends   
the beauty of ,socrates2 yet who was    
more grim of countenance1 stern and     
ghastly to look upon8 ,so are and have  
been many great philosophers1 as        
#dedg;,gregory ,nazianzen observes1     
deformed most part in that which is to  
be seen with the eyes1 but most elegant 
in that which is not to be seen4 ,saepe 
sub attrita latitat sapientia veste4    
,aesop1 ,democritus1 ,aristotle1        
,politianus1 ,melancthon1 ,gesner1 c4   
withered old men1 ,sileni ,alcibiadis1  

very harsh and impolite to the eye2 but 
who were so terse1 polite1 eloquent1    
generally learned1 temperate and modest8
 ,no man then living was so fair as     
,alcibiades1 so lovely quo ad           
superficiem1 to the eye1 as             
#dedh;,boethius observes1 but he had    
,corpus turpissimum interne1 a most     
deformed soul2 honesty1 virtue1 fair    
conditions1 are great enticers to such  
as are well given1 and much avail to get
 the favour and goodwill of men4        
,abdolominus in ,curtius1 a poor man1   
7but which mine author notes1 #dedithe  
cause of this poverty was his honesty7  
for his modesty and continency from a   
private person 7for they found him      
digging in his garden7 was saluted king1
 and preferred before all the           
magnificoes of his time1 injecta ei     
vestis purpura auroque distincta1 a     
purple embroidered garment was put upon 
him1 #deej;and they bade him wash       
himself1 and1 as he was worthy1 take    
upon him the style and spirit of a king1

 continue his continency and the rest of
 his good parts4 ,titus ,pomponius      
,atticus1 that noble citizen of ,rome1  
was so fair conditioned1 of so sweet a  
carriage1 that he was generally beloved 
of all good men1 of ,caesar1 ,pompey1   
,antony1 ,tully1 of divers sects1 c4    
multas haereditates 7#deea;,cornelius   
,nepos writes7 sola bonitate            
consequutus4 ,operae1 pretium audire1 c4
 ,it is worthy of your attention1 ,livy 
cries1 #deebyou that scorn all but      
riches1 and give no esteem to virtue1   
except they be wealthy withal1 ,q4      
,cincinnatus had but four acres1 and by 
the consent of the senate was chosen    
dictator of ,rome4 ,of such account were
 ,cato1 ,fabricius1 ,aristides1         
,antonius1 ,probus1 for their eminent   
worth3 so ,caesar1 ,trajan1 ,alexander1 
admired for valour1 #deec ,haephestion  
loved ,alexander1 but ,parmenio the     
king3 ,titus deliciae humani generis1   
and which ,aurelius ,victor hath of     
,vespasian1 the darling of his time1 as 

#deed;,edgar ,etheling was in ,england1 
for his #deee;excellent virtues3 their  
memory is yet fresh1 sweet1 and we love 
them many ages after1 though they be    
dead3 ,suavem memoriam sui reliquit1    
saith ,lipsius of his friend1 living and
 dead they are all one4 #deef;,i have   
ever loved as thou knowest 7so ,tully   
wrote to ,dolabella7 ,marcus ,brutus for
 his great wit1 singular honesty1       
constancy1 sweet conditions2 and believe
 it #deeg there is nothing so amiable   
and fair as virtue4 ,i #deeh;do mightily
 love ,calvisinus1 7so ,pliny writes to 
,sossius7 a most industrious1 eloquent1 
upright man1 which is all in all with   
me3 the affection came from his good    
parts4 ,and as ,st4 ,austin comments on 
the #hdth ,psalm1 #deeithere is a       
peculiar beauty of justice1 and inward  
beauty1 which we see with the eyes of   
our hearts1 love1 and are enamoured     
with1 as in martyrs1 though their bodies
 be torn in pieces with wild beasts1 yet
 this beauty shines1 and we love their  

virtues4 ,the #defjstoics are of opinion
 that a wise man is only fair2 and ,cato
 in ,tully #c de ,finibus contends the  
same1 that the lineaments of the mind   
are far fairer than those of the body1  
incomparably beyond them3 wisdom and    
valour according to #defa,xenophon1     
especially deserve the name of beauty1  
and denominate one fair1 et             
incomparabiliter pulchrior est 7as      
,austin holds7 veritas ,christianorum   
quam ,helena ,graecorum4 ,wine is       
strong1 the king is strong1 women are   
strong1 but truth overcometh all things1
 ,esd4 i4 #c1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 ,blessed is
 the man that findeth wisdom1 and       
getteth understanding1 for the          
merchandise thereof is better than      
silver1 and the gain thereof better than
 gold3 it is more precious than pearls1 
and all the things thou canst desire are
 not to be compared to her1 ,prov4 ii4  
#ac1 #ad1 #ae1 a wise1 true1 just1      
upright1 and good man1 ,i say it again1 
is only fair3 #defb;it is reported of   

,magdalene ,queen of ,france1 and wife  
to ,lewis #aath1 a ,scottish woman by   
birth1 that walking forth in an evening 
with her ladies1 she spied ,m4 ,alanus1 
one of the king's chaplains1 a silly1   
old1 #defc;hard-favoured man fast asleep
 in a bower1 and kissed him sweetly2    
when the young ladies laughed at her for
 it1 she replied1 that it was not his   
person that she did embrace and         
reverence1 but1 with a platonic love1   
the divine beauty of #defd;his soul4    
,thus in all ages virtue hath been      
adored1 admired1 a singular lustre hath 
proceeded from it3 and the more virtuous
 he is1 the more gracious1 the more     
admired4 ,no man so much followed upon  
earth as ,christ himself3 and as the    
,psalmist saith1 xlv4 #b1 ,he was fairer
 than the sons of men4 ,chrysostom ,hom4
 #h in ,mat4 ,bernard ,ser4 #a4 de      
omnibus sanctis2 ,austin1 ,cassiodore1  
,hier4 in #i ,mat4 interpret it of the  
#defe;beauty of his person2 there was a 
divine majesty in his looks1 it shined  

like lightning and drew all men to it3  
but ,basil1 ,cyril1 lib4 #f4 super4 #ee4
 ,esay4 ,theodoret1 ,arnobius1 c4 of the
 beauty of his divinity1 justice1 grace1
 eloquence1 c4 ,thomas in ,psal4 xliv4  
of both2 and so doth ,baradius and      
,peter ,morales1 lib de pulchritud4     
,jesu et ,mariae1 adding as much of     
,joseph and the ,virgin ,mary1--haec    
alias forma praecesserit omnes1         
#deff;according to that prediction of   
,sibylla ,cumea4 ,be they present or    
absent1 near us1 or afar off1 this      
beauty shines1 and will attract men many
 miles to come and visit it4 ,plato and 
,pythagoras left their country1 to see  
those wise ,egyptian priests3           
,apollonius travelled into ,ethiopia1   
,persia1 to consult with the ,magi1     
,brachmanni1 gymnosophists4 ,the ,queen 
of ,sheba came to visit ,solomon2 and   
many1 saith #defg;,hierom1 went out of  
,spain and remote places a thousand     
miles1 to behold that eloquent ,livy3   
#defh,multi ,romam non ut urbem         

pulcherrimam1 aut urbis et orbis dominum
 ,octavianum1 sed ut hunc unum          
inviserent audirentque1 a ,gadibus      
profecti sunt4 ,no beauty leaves such an
 impression1 strikes so deep #defi1 or  
links the souls of men closer than      
virtue4 #degj,non per deos aut pictor   
posset1 ,aut statuarius ullus fingere   
,talem pulchritudinem qualem virtus     
habet2  no painter1 no graver1 no carver
 can express virtue's lustre1 or those  
admirable rays that come from it1 those 
enchanting rays that enamour posterity1 
those everlasting rays that continue to 
the world's end4 ,many1 saith           
,phavorinus1 that loved and admired     
,alcibiades in his youth1 knew not1     
cared not for ,alcibiades a man1 nunc   
intuentes quaerebant ,alcibiadem2 but   
the beauty of ,socrates is still the    
same2 #degavirtue's lustre never fades1 
is ever fresh and green1 semper viva to 
all succeeding ages1 and a most         
attractive loadstone1 to draw and       
combine such as are present4 ,for that  

reason belike1 ,homer feigns the three  
,graces to be linked and tied hand in   
hand1 because the hearts of men are so  
firmly united with such graces4 #degb,o 
sweet bands 7,seneca exclaims71 which so
 happily combine1 that those which are  
bound by them love their binders1       
desiring withal much more harder to be  
bound1 and as so many ,geryons to be    
united into one4 ,for the nature of true
 friendship is to combine1 to be like   
affected1 of one mind1 #degc,velle et   
nolle ambobus idem1 satiataque toto     
,mens aevo------  as the poet saith1    
still to continue one and the same4 ,and
 where this love takes place there is   
peace and quietness1 a true             
correspondence1 perfect amity1 a        
diapason of vows and wishes1 the same   
opinions1 as between #degd ,david and   
,jonathan1 ,damon and ,pythias1 ,pylades
 and ,orestes1 #dege,nysus and          
,euryalus1 ,theseus and ,pirithous1     
#degfthey will live and die together1   
and prosecute one another with good     

turns4 #degg,nam vinci in amore         
turpissimum putant1 not only living1 but
 when their friends are dead1 with tombs
 and monuments1 nenias1 epitaphs        
elegies1 inscriptions1 pyramids1        
obelisks1 statues1 images1 pictures1    
histories1 poems1 annals1 feasts1       
anniversaries1 many ages after 7as      
,plato's scholars did7 they will        
parentare still1 omit no good office    
that may tend to the preservation of    
their names1 honours1 and eternal       
memory4 #degh;,illum coloribus1 illum   
cera1 illum aere1 c4 ,he did express his
 friends in colours1 in wax1 in brass1  
in ivory1 marble1 gold1 and silver 7as  
,pliny reports of a citizen in ,rome71  
and in a great auditory not long since  
recited a just volume of his life4 ,in  
another place1 #degispeaking of an      
epigram which ,martial had composed in  
praise of him1 #dehj;,he gave me as much
 as he might1 and would have done more  
if he could3 though what can a man give 
more than honour1 glory1 and eternity8  

,but that which he wrote peradventure   
will not continue1 yet he wrote it to   
continue4 ',tis all the recompense a    
poor scholar can make his well-deserving
 patron1 ,mecaenas1 friend1 to mention  
him in his works1 to dedicate a book to 
his name1 to write his life1 c41 as all 
our poets1 orators1 historiographers    
have ever done1 and the greatest revenge
 such men take of their adversaries1 to 
persecute them with satires1 invectives1
 c41 and 'tis both ways of great moment1
 as #deha ,plato gives us to understand4
 ,paulus ,jovius1 in the fourth book of 
the life and deeds of ,pope ,leo        
,decimus1 his noble patron1 concludes in
 these words1 #dehb;,because ,i cannot  
honour him as other rich men do1 with   
like endeavour1 affection1 and piety1 ,i
 have undertaken to write his life2     
since my fortunes will not give me leave
 to make a more sumptuous monument1 ,i  
will perform those rites to his sacred  
ashes1 which a small1 perhaps1 but a    
liberal wit can afford4 ,but ,i rove4   

,where this true love is wanting1 there 
can be no firm peace1 friendship from   
teeth outward1 counterfeit1 or for some 
by-respects1 so long dissembled1 till   
they have satisfied their own ends1     
which1 upon every small occasion1 breaks
 out into enmity1 open war1 defiance1   
heart-burnings1 whispering1 calumnies1  
contentions1 and all manner of bitter   
melancholy discontents4 ,and those men  
which have no other object of their     
love1 than greatness1 wealth1 authority1
 c41 are rather feared than beloved2 nec
 amant quemquam1 nec amantur ab ullo3   
and howsoever borne with for a time1 yet
 for their tyranny and oppression1      
griping1 covetousness1 currish hardness1
 folly1 intemperance1 imprudence1 and   
such like vices1 they are generally     
odious1 abhorred of all1 both ,god and  
men4 ,non uxor salvum te vult1 non      
filius1 omnes ,vicini oderunt1------    
wife and children1 friends1 neighbours1 
all the world forsakes them1 would feign
 be rid of them1 and are compelled many 

times to lay violent hands on them1 or  
else ,god's judgments overtake them3    
instead of graces1 come furies4 ,so when
 fair #dehc;,abigail1 a woman of        
singular wisdom1 was acceptable to      
,david1 ,nabal was churlish and         
evil-conditioned2 and therefore         
#dehd,mordecai was received1 when ,haman
 was executed1 ,haman the favourite1    
that had his seat above the other       
princes1 to whom all the king's servants
 that stood in the gates1 bowed their   
knees and reverenced4 ,though they      
flourished many times1 such hypocrites1 
such temporising foxes1 and blear the   
world's eyes by flattery1 bribery1      
dissembling their natures1 or other     
men's weakness1 that cannot so apprehend
 their tricks1 yet in the end they will 
be discerned1 and precipitated in a     
moment3 surely1 saith ,david1 thou hast 
set them in slippery places1 ,psal4     
xxxvii4 #e4 as so many ,sejani1 they    
will come down to the ,gemonian scales2 
and as ,eusebius in #dehe ,ammianus1    

that was in such authority1 ad jubendum 
,imperatorem1 be cast down headlong on a
 sudden4 ,or put case they escape1 and  
rest unmasked to their lives' end1 yet  
after their death their memory stinks as
 a snuff of a candle put out1 and those 
that durst not so much as mutter against
 them in their lives1 will prosecute    
their name with satires1 libels1 and    
bitter imprecations1 they shall male    
audire in all succeeding ages1 and be   
odious to the world's end4  ,,memb4     
,,iii4  ,charity composed of all three  
,kinds1 ,pleasant1 ,profitable1 ,honest4
  ,besides this love that comes from    
profit1 pleasant1 honest 7for one good  
turn asks another in equity71 that which
 proceeds from the law of nature1 or    
from discipline and philosophy1 there is
 yet another love compounded of all     
these three1 which is charity1 and      
includes piety1 dilection1 benevolence1 
friendship1 even all those virtuous     
habits2 for love is the circle equant of
 all other affections1 of which         

,aristotle dilates at large in his      
,ethics1 and is commanded by ,god1 which
 no man can well perform1 but he that is
 a ,christian1 and a true regenerate    
man2 this is1#dehf,to love ,god above   
all1 and our neighbour as ourself2 for  
this love is lychnus accendens et       
accensus1 a communicating light1 apt to 
illuminate itself as well as others4    
,all other objects are fair1 and very   
beautiful1 ,i confess2 kindred1         
alliance1 friendship1 the love that we  
owe to our country1 nature1 wealth1     
pleasure1 honour1 and such moral        
respects1 c41 of which read             
#dehg;copious ,aristotle in his morals2 
a man is beloved of a man1 in that he is
 a man2 but all these are far more      
eminent and great1 when they shall      
proceed from a sanctified spirit1 that  
hath a true touch of religion1 and a    
reference to ,god4 ,nature binds all    
creatures to love their young ones2 a   
hen to preserve her brood will run upon 
a lion1 a hind will fight with a bull1 a

 sow with a bear1 a silly sheep with a  
fox4 ,so the same nature urgeth a man to
 love his parents1 7#dehh;dii me pater  
omnes oderint1 ni te magis quam oculos  
amem meos67 and this love cannot be     
dissolved1 as ,tully holds1 #dehiwithout
 detestable offence3 but much more      
,god's commandment1 which enjoins a     
filial love1 and an obedience in this   
kind4 #deij,the love of brethren is     
great1 and like an arch of stones1 where
 if one be displaced1 all comes down1 no
 love so forcible and strong1 honest1 to
 the combination of which1 nature1      
fortune1 virtue1 happily concur2 yet    
this love comes short of it4            
#deia;,dulce et decorum pro patria mori1
 #deib;it cannot be expressed1 what a   
deal of charity that one name of country
 contains4 ,amor laudis et patriae pro  
stipendio est2 the ,decii did se        
devovere1 ,horatii1 ,curii1 ,scaevola1  
,regulus1 ,codrus1 sacrifice themselves 
for their country's peace and good4     
#deic,una dies ,fabios ad bellum miserat

 omnes1 ,ad bellum missos perdidit una  
dies4  ,one day the ,fabii stoutly      
warred1 ,one day the ,fabii were        
destroyed4  ,fifty thousand ,englishmen 
lost their lives willingly near ,battle 
,abbey1 in defence of their country4    
#deid,p4 ,aemilius l4 #f4 speaks of six 
senators of ,calais1 that came with     
halters in their hands to the king of   
,england1 to die for the rest4 ,this    
love makes so many writers take such    
pains1 so many historiographers1        
physicians1 c41 or at least1 as they    
pretend1 for common safety1 and their   
country's benefit4 #deie,sanctum nomen  
amiciticae1 sociorum communio sacra2    
friendship is a holy name1 and a sacred 
communion of friends4 #deif;,as the sun 
is in the firmament1 so is friendship in
 the world1 a most divine and heavenly  
band4 ,as nuptial love makes1 this      
perfects mankind1 and is to be preferred
 7if you will stand to the judgment of  
#deig;,cornelius ,nepos7 before affinity
 or consanguinity2 plus in amiciticia   

valet similitudo morum1 quam affinitas1 
c41 the cords of love bind faster than  
any other wreath whatsoever4 ,take this 
away1 and take all pleasure1 joy1       
comfort1 happiness1 and true content out
 of the world2 'tis the greatest tie1   
the surest indenture1 strongest band1   
and1 as our modern ,maro decides it1 is 
much to be preferred before the rest4   
#deih;,hard is the doubt1 and difficult 
to deem1 ,when all three kinds of love  
together meet2 ,and do dispart the heart
 with power extreme1 ,whether shall     
weigh the balance down2 to wit1 ,the    
dear affection unto kindred sweet1 ,or  
raging fire of love to women kind1 ,or  
zeal of friends1 combin'd by virtues    
meet2 ,but of them all the band of      
virtuous mind1 ,methinks the gentle     
heart should most assured bind4  ,for   
natural affection soon doth cease1 ,and 
quenched is with ,cupid's greater flame2
 ,but faithful friendship doth them both
 suppress1 ,and them with mastering     
discipline doth tame1 ,through thoughts 

aspiring to eternal fame4 ,for as the   
soul doth rule the earthly mass1 ,and   
all the service of the body frame1 ,so  
love of soul doth love of body pass1 ,no
 less than perfect gold surmounts the   
meanest brass4  #deii;,a faithful friend
 is better than #dfjj;gold1 a medicine  
of misery1 #dfja;an only possession2 yet
 this love of friends1 nuptial1         
heroical1 profitable1 pleasant1 honest1 
all three loves put together1 are little
 worth1 if they proceed not from a true 
,christian illuminated soul1 if it be   
not done in ordine ad ,deum for ,god's  
sake4 ,though ,i had the gift of        
prophecy1 spake with tongues of men and 
angels1 though ,i feed the poor with all
 my goods1 give my body to be burned1   
and have not this love1 it profiteth me 
nothing1 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #a1 #c4 'tis    
splendidum peccatum1 without charity4   
,this is an all-apprehending love1 a    
deifying love1 a refined1 pure1 divine  
love1 the quintessence of all love1 the 
true philosopher's stone1 ,non potest   

enim1 as #dfjb;,austin infers1 veraciter
 amicus esse hominis1 nisi fuerit ipsius
 primitus veritatis1 ,he is no true     
friend that loves not ,god's truth4 ,and
 therefore this is true love indeed1 the
 cause of all good to mortal men1 that  
reconciles all creatures1 and glues them
 together in perpetual amity and firm   
league2 and can no more abide           
bitterness1 hate1 malice1 than fair and 
foul weather1 light and darkness1       
sterility and plenty may be together2 as
 the sun in the firmament 7,i say71 so  
is love in the world2 and for this cause
 'tis love without an addition1 love ' 1
 love of ,god1 and love of men4         
#dfjc,the love of ,god begets the love  
of man2 and by this love of our         
neighbour1 the love of ,god is nourished
 and increased4 ,by this happy union of 
love1 #dfjd;all well-governed families  
and cities are combined1 the heavens    
annexed1 and divine souls complicated1  
the world itself composed1 and all that 
is in it conjoined in ,god1 and reduced 

to one4 #dfje,this love causeth true and
 absolute virtues1 the life1 spirit1 and
 root of every virtuous action1 it      
finisheth prosperity1 easeth adversity1 
corrects all natural encumbrances1      
inconveniences1 sustained by faith and  
hope1 which with this our love make an  
indissoluble twist1 a ,gordian knot1 an 
equilateral triangle1 and yet the       
greatest of them is love1 #a ,cor4 xiii4
 #ac1 #dfjfwhich inflames our souls with
 a divine heat1 and being so inflamed1  
purged1 and so purgeth1 elevates to     
,god1 makes an atonement1 and reconciles
 us unto him4 #dfjg ,that other love    
infects the soul of man1 this cleanseth2
 that depresses1 this rears2 that       
causeth cares and troubles1 this        
quietness of mind2 this informs1 that   
deforms our life2 that leads to         
repentance1 this to heaven4 ,for if once
 we be truly linked and touched with    
this charity1 we shall love ,god above  
all1 our neighbour as ourself1 as we are
 enjoined1 ,mark xii4 #ca4 ,matt4 xix4  

#ai4 perform those duties and exercises1
 even all the operations of a good      
,christian4 ,this love suffereth long1  
it is bountiful1 envieth not1 boasteth  
not itself1 is not puffed up1 it        
deceiveth not1 it seeketh not his own   
things1 is not provoked to anger1 it    
thinketh not evil1 it rejoiceth not in  
iniquity1 but in truth4 ,it suffereth   
all things1 believeth all things1 hopeth
 all things1 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #d1 #e1 #f1 
#g2 it covereth all trespasses1 ,prov1  
x4 #ab2 a multitude of sins1 #a ,pet4   
#d1 as our ,saviour told the woman in   
the ,gospel1 that washed his feet1 many 
sins were forgiven her1 for she loved   
much1 ,luke vii4 #dg2 it will defend the
 fatherless and the widow1 ,isa4 i4 #ag2
 will seek no revenge1 or be mindful of 
wrong1 ,levit4 xix4 #ah2 will bring home
 his brother's ox if he go astray1 as it
 is commanded1 ,deut4 xxii4 #a2 will    
resist evil1 give to him that asketh1   
and not turn from him that borroweth1   
bless them that curse him1 love his     

enemy1 ,matt4 v2 bear his brother's     
burthen1 ,gal4 vi4 #g4 ,he that so loves
 will be hospitable1 and distribute to  
the necessities of the saints2 he will1 
if it be possible1 have peace with all  
men1 feed his enemy if he be hungry1 if 
he be athirst give him drink2 he will   
perform those seven works of mercy1 he  
will make himself equal to them of the  
lower sort1 rejoice with them that      
rejoice1 weep with them that weep1 ,rom4
 xii2 he will speak truth to his        
neighbour1 be courteous and             
tender-hearted1 forgiving others for    
,christ's sake1 as ,god forgave him1    
,eph4 iv4 #cb2 he will be like minded1  
,phil4 ii4 #b4 ,of one judgment2 be     
humble1 meek1 long-suffering1 ,colos4   
iii4 ,forbear1 forget and forgive1 xii4 
#ac4 #bc4 and what he doth shall be     
heartily done to ,god1 and not to men4  
,be pitiful and courteous1 #a ,pet4 iii4
 ,seek peace and follow it4 ,he will    
love his brother1 not in word and       
tongue1 but in deed and truth1 ,john    

iii4 #ah4 and he that loves ,god1       
,christ will love him that is begotten  
of him1 ,john v4 #a1 c4 ,thus should we 
willingly do1 if we had a true touch of 
this charity1 of this divine love1 if we
 could perform this which we are        
enjoined1 forget and forgive1 and       
compose ourselves to those ,christian   
laws of love4 #dfjh,o felix hominum     
genus1 ,si vestros animos amor ,quo     
coelum regitur regat6  ,angelical souls1
 how blessed1 how happy should we be1 so
 loving1 how might we triumph over the  
devil1 and have another heaven upon     
earth6 ,but this we cannot do2 and which
 is the cause of all our woes1 miseries1
 discontent1 melancholy1 #dfjiwant of   
this charity4 ,we do invicem angariare1 
contemn1 consult1 vex1 torture1 molest1 
and hold one another's noses to the     
grindstone hard1 provoke1 rail1 scoff1  
calumniate1 challenge1 hate1 abuse      
7hard-hearted1 implacable1 malicious1   
peevish1 inexorable as we are71 to      
satisfy our lust or private spleen1 for 

#dfajtoys1 trifles1 and impertinent     
occasions1 spend ourselves1 goods1      
friends1 fortunes1 to be revenged on our
 adversary1 to ruin him and his4 ',tis  
all our study1 practice1 and business   
how to plot mischief1 mine1 countermine1
 defend and offend1 ward ourselves1     
injure others1 hurt all2 as if we were  
born to do mischief1 and that with such 
eagerness and bitterness1 with such     
rancour1 malice1 rage1 and fury1 we     
prosecute our intended designs1 that    
neither affinity or consanguinity1 love 
or fear of ,god or men can contain us3  
no satisfaction1 no composition will be 
accepted1 no offices will serve1 no     
submission2 though he shall upon his    
knees1 as ,sarpedon did to ,glaucus in  
,homer1 acknowledging his error1 yield  
himself with tears in his eyes1 beg his 
pardon1 we will not relent1 forgive1 or 
forget1 till we have confounded him and 
his1 made dice of his bones1 as they    
say1 see him rot in prison1 banish his  
friends1 followers1 et omne invisum     

genus1 rooted him out and all his       
posterity4 ,monsters of men as we are1  
dogs1 wolves1 #dfaatigers1 fiends1      
incarnate devils1 we do not only        
contend1 oppress1 and tyrannise         
ourselves1 but as so many firebrands1 we
 set on1 and animate others3 our whole  
life is a perpetual combat1 a conflict1 
a set battle1 a snarling fit4 ,eris dea 
is settled in our tents1 #dfab,omnia de 
lite1 opposing wit to wit1 wealth to    
wealth1 strength to strength1 fortunes  
to fortunes1 friends to friends1 as at a
 sea-fight1 we turn our broadsides1 or  
two millstones with continual attrition1
 we fire ourselves1 or break another's  
backs1 and both are ruined and consumed 
in the end4 ,miserable wretches1 to fat 
and enrich ourselves1 we care not how we
 get it1 ,quocunque modo rem2 how many  
thousands we undo1 whom we oppress1 by  
whose ruin and downfall we arise1 whom  
we injure1 fatherless children1 widows1 
common societies1 to satisfy our own    
private lust4 ,though we have myriads1  

abundance of wealth and treasure1       
7pitiless1 merciless1 remorseless1 and  
uncharitable in the highest degree71 and
 our poor brother in need1 sickness1 in 
great extremity1 and now ready to be    
starved for want of food1 we had rather1
 as the fox told the ape1 his tail      
should sweep the ground still1 than     
cover his buttocks2 rather spend it     
idly1 consume it with dogs1 hawks1      
hounds1 unnecessary buildings1 in       
riotous apparel1 ingurgitate1 or let it 
be lost1 than he should have part of it2
 #dfacrather take from him that little  
which he hath1 than relieve him4 ,like  
the dog in the manger1 we neither use it
 ourselves1 let others make use of or   
enjoy it2 part with nothing while we    
live3 for want of disposing our         
household1 and setting things in order1 
set all the world together by the ears  
after our death4 ,poor ,lazarus lies    
howling at his gates for a few crumbs1  
he only seeks chippings1 offals2 let him
 roar and howl1 famish1 and eat his own 

flesh1 he respects him not4 ,a poor     
decayed kinsman of his sets upon him by 
the way in all his jollity1 and runs    
begging bareheaded by him1 conjuring by 
those former bonds of friendship1       
alliance1 consanguinity1 c41 uncle1     
cousin1 brother1 father1 ------,per ego 
has lachrymas1 dextramque tuam te1 ,si  
quidquam de te merui1 fuit aut tibi     
quidquam ,dulce meum1 misere mei4  ,show
 some pity for ,christ's sake1 pity a   
sick man1 an old man1 c41 he cares not1 
ride on3 pretend sickness1 inevitable   
loss of limbs1 goods1 plead suretyship1 
or shipwreck1 fires1 common calamities1 
show thy wants and imperfections1 ,et si
 per sanctum juratus dicat ,osyrim1     
,credite1 non ludo1 crudeles tollite    
claudum4  ,swear1 protest1 take ,god and
 all his angels to witness1 quaere      
peregrinum1 thou art a counterfeit      
crank1 a cheater1 he is not touched with
 it1 pauper ubique jacet1 ride on1 he   
takes no notice of it4 ,put up a        
supplication to him in the name of a    

thousand orphans1 a hospital1 a spittle1
 a prison1 as he goes by1 they cry out  
to him for aid1 ride on1 surdo narras1  
he cares not1 let them eat stones1      
devour themselves with vermin1 rot in   
their own dung1 he cares not4 ,show him 
a decayed haven1 a bridge1 a school1 a  
fortification1 etc41 or some public     
work1 ride on2 good your worship1 your  
honour1 for ,god's sake1 your country's 
sake1 ride on4 ,but show him a roll     
wherein his name shall be registered in 
golden letters1 and commended to all    
posterity1 his arms set up1 with his    
devices to be seen1 then peradventure he
 will stay and contribute2 or if thou   
canst thunder upon him1 as ,papists do1 
with satisfactory and meritorious works1
 or persuade him by this means he shall 
save his soul out of hell1 and free it  
from purgatory 7if he be of any         
religion71 then in all likelihood he    
will listen and stay2 or that he have no
 children1 no near kinsman1 heir1 he    
cares for1 at least1 or cannot well tell

 otherwise how or where to bestow his   
possessions 7for carry them with him he 
cannot71 it may be then he will build   
some school or hospital in his life1 or 
be induced to give liberally to pious   
uses after his death4 ,for ,i dare      
boldly say1 vainglory1 that opinion of  
merit1 and this enforced necessity1 when
 they know not otherwise how to leave1  
or what better to do with them1 is the  
main cause of most of our good works4 ,i
 will not urge this to derogate from any
 man's charitable devotion1 or bounty in
 this kind1 to censure any good work2 no
 doubt there be many sanctified1        
heroical1 and worthy-minded men1 that in
 true zeal1 and for virtue's sake       
7divine spirits71 that out of           
commiseration and pity extend their     
liberality1 and as much as in them lies 
do good to all men1 clothe the naked1   
feed the hungry1 comfort the sick and   
needy1 relieve all1 forget and forgive  
injuries1 as true charity requires2 yet 
most part there is simulatum quid1 a    

deal of hypocrisy in this kind1 much    
default and defect4 #dfad;,cosmo de     
,medici1 that rich citizen of ,florence1
 ingeniously confessed to a near friend 
of his1 that would know of him why he   
built so many public and magnificent    
palaces1 and bestowed so liberally on   
scholars1 not that he loved learning    
more than others1 but to #dfae;eternise 
his own name1 to be immortal by the     
benefit of scholars2 for when his       
friends were dead1 walls decayed1 and   
all inscriptions gone1 books would      
remain to the world's end4 ,the lantern 
in #dfaf;,athens was built by ,zenocles1
 the theatre by ,pericles1 the famous   
port ,pyraeum by ,musicles1 ,pallas     
,palladium by ,phidias1 the ,pantheon by
 ,callicratidas2 but these brave        
monuments are decayed all1 and ruined   
long since1 their builders' names alone 
flourish by meditation of writers4 ,and 
as #dfag;he said of that ,marian oak1   
now cut down and dead1 nullius          
,agricolae manu vulta stirps tam        

diuturna1 quam quae poetae1 versu       
seminari potest1 no plant can grow so   
long as that which is ingenio sata1 set 
and manured by those ever-living wits4  
#dfah;,allon ,backuth1 that weeping oak1
 under which ,deborah1 ,rebecca's nurse1
 died1 and was buried1 may not survive  
the memory of such everlasting          
monuments4 ,vainglory and emulation 7as 
to most men7 was the cause efficient1   
and to be a trumpeter of his own fame1  
,cosmo's sole intent so to do good1 that
 all the world might take notice of it4 
,such for the most part is the charity  
of our times1 such our benefactors1     
,mecaenates and patrons4 ,show me       
amongst so many myriads1 a truly devout1
 a right1 honest1 upright1 meek1 humble1
 a patient1 innocuous1 innocent1 a      
merciful1 a loving1 a charitable man6   
#dfai,probus quis nobiscum vivit8 ,show 
me a ,caleb or a ,joshua6 ,dic mihi     
,musa virum--show a virtuous woman1 a   
constant wife1 a good neighbour1 a      
trusty servant1 an obedient child1 a    

true friend1 c4 ,crows in ,africa are   
not so scant4 ,he that shall examine    
this #dfbj;iron age wherein we live1    
where love is cold1 et jam terras       
,astrea reliquit1 justice fled with her 
assistants1 virtue expelled1            
#dfba------;,justitiae soror1           
,incorrupta fides1 nudaque              
veritas1------  all goodness gone1 where
 vice abounds1 the devil is loose1 and  
see one man vilify and insult over his  
brother1 as if he were an innocent1 or a
 block1 oppress1 tyrannise1 prey upon1  
torture him1 vex1 gall1 torment and     
crucify him1 starve him1 where is       
charity8 ,he that shall see men         
#dfbbswear and forswear1 lie and bear   
false witness1 to advantage themselves1 
prejudice others1 hazard goods1 lives1  
fortunes1 credit1 all1 to be revenged on
 their enemies1 men so unspeakable in   
their lusts1 unnatural in malice1 such  
bloody designments1 ,italian            
blaspheming1 ,spanish renouncing1 c41   
may well ask where is charity8 ,he that 

shall observe so many lawsuits1 such    
endless contentions1 such plotting1     
undermining1 so much money spent with   
such eagerness and fury1 every man for  
himself1 his own ends1 the devil for    
all3 so many distressed souls1 such     
lamentable complaints1 so many factions1
 conspiracies1 seditions1 oppressions1  
abuses1 injuries1 such grudging1        
repining1 discontent1 so much emulation1
 envy1 so many brawls1 quarrels1        
monomachies1 c41 may well require what  
is become of charity8 when we see and   
read of such cruel wars1 tumults1       
uproars1 bloody battles1 so many        
#dfbcmen slain1 so many cities ruinated1
 c4 7for what else is the subject of all
 our stones almost1 but bills1 bows1 and
 guns67 so many murders and massacres1  
c41 where is charity8 ,or see men wholly
 devote to ,god1 churchmen1 professed   
divines1 holy men1 #dfbdto make the     
trumpet of the gospel the trumpet of    
war1 a company of hell-born ,jesuits1   
and fiery-spirited friars1 facem        

praeferre to all seditions3 as so many  
firebrands set all the world by the ears
 7,i say nothing of their contentious   
and railing books1 whole ages spent in  
writing one against another1 and that   
with such virulency and bitterness1     
,bionaeis sermonibus et sale nigro71 and
 by their bloody inquisitions1 that in  
thirty years1 ,bale saith1 consumed #ci 
princes1 #adh earls1 #bce barons1       
#ad1gee commons2 worse than those ten   
persecutions1 may justly doubt where is 
charity8 ,obsecro vos quales hi demum   
,christiani6 ,are these ,christians8 ,i 
beseech you tell me3 he that shall      
observe and see these things1 may say to
 them as ,cato to ,caesar1 credo quae de
 inferis dicuntur falsa existimas1 sure 
,i think thou art of opinion there is   
neither heaven nor hell4 ,let them      
pretend religion1 zeal1 make what shows 
they will1 give alms1 peace-makers1     
frequent sermons1 if we may guess at the
 tree by the fruit1 they are no better  
than hypocrites1 epicures1 atheists1    

with the #dfbe;fool in their hearts they
 say there is no ,god4 ',tis no marvel  
then if being so uncharitable1          
hard-hearted as we are1 we have so      
frequent and so many discontents1 such  
melancholy fits1 so many bitter pangs1  
mutual discords1 all in a combustion1   
often complaints1 so common grievances1 
general mischiefs1 si tantae in terris  
tragoediae1 quibus labefactatur et      
misere laceratur humanum genus1 so many 
pestilences1 wars1 uproars1 losses1     
deluges1 fires1 inundations1 ,god's     
vengeance and all the plagues of ,egypt1
 come upon us1 since we are so currish  
one towards another1 so respectless of  
,god1 and our neighbours1 and by our    
crying sins pull these miseries upon our
 own heads4 ,nay more1 'tis justly to be
 feared1 which #dfbf;,josephus once said
 of his countrymen ,jews1 if the ,romans
 had not come when they did to sack     
their city1 surely it had been swallowed
 up with some earthquake1 deluge1 or    
fired from heaven as ,sodom and         

,gomorrah3 their desperate malice1      
wickedness and peevishness was such4    
',tis to be suspected1 if we continue   
these wretched ways1 we may look for the
 like heavy visitations to come upon us4
 ,if we had any sense or feeling of     
these things1 surely we should not go on
 as we do1 in such irregular courses1   
practise all manner of impieties2 our   
whole carriage would not be so averse   
from ,god4 ,if a man would but consider1
 when he is in the midst and full career
 of such prodigious and uncharitable    
actions1 how displeasing they are in    
,god's sight1 how noxious to himself1 as
 ,solomon told ,joab1 #a ,kings1 ii4    
,the ,lord shall bring this blood upon  
their heads4 ,prov4 i4 #bg1 sudden      
desolation and destruction shall come   
like a whirlwind upon them3 affliction1 
anguish1 the reward of his hand shall be
 given him1 ,isa4 iii4 #aa1 c41 they    
shall fall into the pit they have digged
 for others1 and when they are scraping1
 tyrannising1 getting1 wallowing in     

their wealth1 this night1 ,o fool1 ,i   
will take away thy soul1 what a severe  
account they must make2 and how         
#dfbg;gracious on the other side a      
charitable man is in ,god's eyes1 haurit
 sibi gratiam4 ,matt4 v4 #g1 ,blessed   
are the merciful1 for they shall obtain 
mercy3 he that lendeth to the poor1     
gives to ,god1 and how it shall be      
restored to them again2 how by their    
patience and long-suffering they shall  
heap coals on their enemies' heads1     
,rom4 xii4 and he that followeth after  
righteousness and mercy1 shall find     
righteousness and glory2 surely they    
would check their desires1 curb in their
 unnatural1 inordinate affections1 agree
 amongst themselves1 abstain from doing 
evil1 amend their lives1 and learn to do
 well4 ,behold how comely and good a    
thing it is for brethren to live        
together in #dfbhunion3 it is like the  
precious ointment1 c4 ,how odious to    
contend one with the other6 #dfbi       
,miseriquid luctatiunculis hisce        

volumus8 ecce mors supra caput est1 et  
supremum illud tribunal1 ubi et dicta et
 facta nostra examinanda sunt3          
,sapiamus6 ,why do we contend and vex   
one another8 behold death is over our   
heads1 and we must shortly give an      
account of all our uncharitable words   
and actions3 think upon it3 and be wise4
   ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4
 ,i4--,heroical love causeth            
,melancholy4 ,his ,pedigree1 ,power1 and
 ,extent4  ,in the preceding section    
mention was made1 amongst other pleasant
 objects1 of this comeliness and beauty 
which proceeds from women1 that causeth 
heroical1 or love-melancholy1 is more   
eminent above the rest1 and properly    
called love4 ,the part affected in men  
is the liver1 and therefore called      
heroical1 because commonly gallants4    
,noblemen1 and the most generous spirits
 are possessed with it4 ,his power and  
extent is very large1 #dfcj and in that 
twofold division of love1  and          
#dfcathose two veneries which ,plato and

 some other make mention of it is most  
eminent1 and '  called ,venus1 as ,i    
have said1 or love itself4 ,which       
although it be denominated from men1 and
 most evident in them1 yet it extends   
and shows itself in vegetal and sensible
 creatures1 those incorporeal substances
 7as shall be specified71 and hath a    
large dominion of sovereignty over them4
 ,his pedigree is very ancient1 derived 
from the beginning of the world1 as     
#dfcb,phaedrus contends1 and his #dfcc  
parentage of such antiquity1 that no    
poet could ever find it out4 ,hesiod    
makes #dfcd,terra and ,chaos to be      
,love's parents1 before the ,gods were  
born3 ,ante deos omnes primum generavit 
amorem4 ,some think it is the self-same 
fire ,prometheus fetched from heaven4   
,plutarch amator4 libello1 will have    
,love to be the son of ,iris and        
,favonius2 but ,socrates in that        
pleasant dialogue of ,plato1 when it    
came to his turn to speak of love1 7of  
which subject ,agatho the rhetorician1  

magniloquus ,agatho1 that chanter       
,agatho1 had newly given occasion7 in a 
poetical strain1 telleth this tale3 when
 ,venus was born1 all the gods were     
invited to a banquet1 and amongst the   
rest1 #dfce,porus the god of bounty and 
wealth2 ,penia or ,poverty came a       
begging to the door2 ,porus well        
whittled with nectar 7for there was no  
wine in those days7 walking in          
,jupiter's garden1 in a bower met with  
,penia1 and in his drink got her with   
child1 of whom was born ,love2 and      
because he was begotten on ,venus's     
birthday1 ,venus still attends upon him4
 ,the moral of this is in               
#dfcf;,ficinus4 ,another tale is there  
borrowed out of ,aristophanes3 #dfcg;in 
the beginning of the world1 men had four
 arms and four feet1 but for their      
pride1 because they compared themselves 
with the gods1 were parted into halves1 
and now peradventure by love they hope  
to be united again and made one4        
,otherwise thus1 #dfch,vulcan met two   

lovers1 and bid them ask what they would
 and they should have it2 but they made 
answer1 ,o ,vulcane faber ,deorum1 c4 ,o
 ,vulcan the gods' great smith1 we      
beseech thee to work us anew in thy     
furnace1 and of two make us one2 which  
he presently did1 and ever since true   
lovers are either all one1 or else      
desire to be united4 ,many such tales   
you shall find in ,leon ,hebreus1 dial4 
#c4 and their moral to them4 ,the reason
 why ,love was still painted young1 7as 
,phornutus #dfci;and others will7       
#dfdj;is because young men are most apt 
to love2 soft1 fair1 and fat1 because   
such folks are soonest taken3 naked1    
because all true affection is simple and
 open3 he smiles1 because merry and     
given to delights3 hath a quiver1 to    
show his power1 none can escape3 is     
blind1 because he sees not where he     
strikes1 whom he hits1 c4 ,his power and
 sovereignty is expressed by the        
#dfdapoets1 in that he is held to be a  
god1 and a great commanding god1 above  

,jupiter himself2 ,magnus ,daemon1 as   
,plato calls him1 the strongest and     
merriest of all the gods according to   
,alcinous and #dfdb;,athenaeus4 ,amor   
virorum rex1 amor rex et deum1 as       
,euripides1 the god of gods and governor
 of men2 for we must all do homage to   
him1 keep a holiday for his deity1 adore
 in his temples1 worship his image1     
7numen enim hoc non est nudum nomen7 and
 sacrifice to his altar1 that conquers  
all1 and rules all3 #dfdc,mallem cum    
icone1 cervo et apro ,aeolico1 ,cum     
,anteo et ,stymphalicis avibus luctari  
,quam cum amore------  ,i had rather    
contend with bulls1 lions1 bears1 and   
giants1 than with ,love2 he is so       
powerful1 enforceth #dfdd;all to pay    
tribute to him1 domineers over all1 and 
can make mad and sober whom he list2    
insomuch that ,caecilius in ,tully's    
,tusculans1 holds him to be no better   
than a fool or an idiot1 that doth not  
acknowledge ,love to be a great god4    
#dfde;,cui in manu sit quem esse        

dementem velit1 ,quem sapere1 quam in   
morbum injici1 c4  ,that can make sick1 
and cure whom he list4 ,homer and       
,stesichorus were both made blind1 if   
you will believe #dfdf,leon ,hebreus1   
for speaking against his godhead3 and   
though ,aristophanes degrade him1 and   
say that he was #dfdgscornfully rejected
 from the council of the gods1 had his  
wings clipped besides1 that he might    
come no more amongst them1 and to his   
farther disgrace banished heaven for    
ever1 and confined to dwell on earth1   
yet he is of that #dfdhpower1 majesty1  
omnipotency1 and dominion1 that no      
creature can withstand him4             
#dfdi;,imperat ,cupido etiam diis pro   
arbitrio1 ,et ipsum arcere ne armipotens
 potest ,jupiter4  ,he is more than     
quarter-master with the gods1           
#dfej------,tenet ,thetide aequor1      
umbras ,aeaco1 coelum ,jove3  and hath  
not so much possession as dominion4     
,jupiter himself was turned into a      
satyr1 shepherd1 a bull1 a swan1 a      

golden shower1 and what not1 for love2  
that as #dfea,lucian's ,juno right well 
objected to him1 ludus amoris tu es1    
thou art ,cupid's whirligig3 how did he 
insult over all the other gods1 ,mars1  
,neptune1 ,pan1 ,mercury1 ,bacchus1 and 
the rest8 #dfeb ,lucian brings in       
,jupiter complaining of ,cupid that he  
could not be quiet for him2 and the moon
 lamenting that she was so impotently   
besotted on ,endymion1 even ,venus      
herself confessing as much1 how rudely  
and in what sort her own son ,cupid had 
used her being his #dfecmother1 now     
drawing her to ,mount ,ida1 for the love
 of that ,trojan ,anchises1 now to      
,libanus for that ,assyrian youth's     
sake4 ,and although she threatened to   
break his bow and arrows1 to clip his   
wings1 #dfed;and whipped him besides on 
the bare buttocks with her pantofle1 yet
 all would not serve1 he was too        
headstrong and unruly4 ,that            
monster-conquering ,hercules was tamed  
by him3 ,quem non mille ferae1 quem non 

,sthenelejus hostis1 ,nec potuit ,juno  
vincere1 vicit amor4  ,whom neither     
beasts nor enemies could tame1 ,nor     
,juno's might subdue1 ,love quell'd the 
same4  ,your bravest soldiers and most  
generous spirits are enervated with it1 
#dfeeubi mulieribus blanditiis          
permittunt se1 et inquinantur           
amplexibus4 ,apollo1 that took upon him 
to cure all diseases1 #dfef;could not   
help himself of this2 and therefore     
#dfeg,socrates calls ,love a tyrant1 and
 brings him triumphing in a chariot1    
whom ,petrarch imitates in his triumph  
of ,love1 and ,fracastorius1 in an      
elegant poem expresseth at large1 ,cupid
 riding1 ,mars and ,apollo following his
 chariot1 ,psyche weeping1 c4 ,in       
vegetal creatures what sovereignty love 
hath1 by many pregnant proofs and       
familiar examples may be proved1        
especially of palm-trees1 which are both
 he and she1 and express not a sympathy 
but a love-passion1 and by many         
observations have been confirmed4       

#dfeh,vivunt in venerem frondes1        
omnisque vicissim ,felix arbor amat1    
nutant et mutua palmae ,foedera1 populeo
 suspirat populus ictu1 ,et platano     
platanus1 alnoque assibilat alnus4      
,constantine de ,agric4 lib4 #aj4 cap4  
#d4 gives an instance out of ,florentius
 his ,georgics1 of a palm-tree that     
loved most fervently1 #dfei and would   
not be comforted until such time her    
love applied herself unto her2 you might
 see the two trees bend1 and of their   
own accords stretch out their boughs to 
embrace and kiss each other3 they will  
give manifest signs of mutual love4     
,ammianus ,marcellinus1 lib4 #bd1       
reports that they marry one another1 and
 fall in love if they grow in sight2 and
 when the wind brings the smell to them1
 they are marvellously affected4        
,philostratus in ,imaginibus1 observes  
as much1 and ,galen lib4 #f4 de locis   
affectis1 cap4 #e4 they will be sick for
 love2 ready to die and pine away1 which
 the husbandmen perceiving1 saith       

#dffj;,constantine1 stroke many palms   
that grow together1 and so stroking     
again the palm that is enamoured1 they  
carry kisses from the one to the other3 
or tying the leaves and branches of the 
one to the stem of the other1 will make 
them both flourish and prosper a great  
deal better3 #dffawhich are enamoured1  
they can perceive by the bending of     
boughs1 and inclination of their bodies4
 ,if any man think this which ,i say to 
be a tale1 let him read that story of   
two palm-trees in ,italy1 the male      
growing at ,brundusium1 the female at   
,otranto 7related by ,jovianus ,pontanus
 in an excellent poem1 sometimes tutor  
to ,alphonsus junior1 ,king of ,naples1 
his secretary of state1 and a great     
philosopher7 which were barren1 and so  
continued a long time1 till they came to
 see one another growing up higher1     
though many stadiums asunder4 ,pierius  
in his ,hieroglyphics1 and ,melchior    
,guilandinus1 ,mem4 #c4 tract4 de       
papyro1 cites this story of ,pontanus   

for a truth4 ,see more in ,salmuth      
,comment4 in ,pancirol4 de ,nova repert4
 ,tit4 #a4 de novo orbe ,mizaldus       
,arcanorum lib4 #b4 ,sand's ,voyages1   
lib4 #b4 fol4 #ajc4 c4 ,if such fury be 
in vegetals1 what shall we think of     
sensible creatures1 how much more       
violent and apparent shall it be in     
them6 #dffb,omne adeo genus in terris   
hominumque ferarum1 ,et genus aequoreum1
 pecudes1 pictaeque volucres ,in furias 
ignemque ruunt2 amor omnibus idem4      
,all kind of creatures in the earth1    
,and fishes of the sea1  ,and painted   
birds do rage alike2 ,this love bears   
equal sway4   #dffc;,hic ,deus et terras
 et maria alta domat4  ,common          
experience and our sense will inform us 
how violently brute beasts are carried  
away with this passion1 horses above the
 rest1--furor est insignis equarum4     
#dffd;,cupid in ,lucian bids ,venus his 
mother be of good cheer1 for he was now 
familiar with lions1 and oftentimes did 
get on their backs1 hold them by the    

mane1 and ride them about like horses1  
and they would fawn upon him with their 
tails4 ,bulls1 bears1 and boars are so  
furious in this kind they kill one      
another3 but especially cocks1 #dffe    
lions1 and harts1 which are so fierce   
that you may hear them fight half a mile
 off1 saith #dfff,turberville1 and many 
times kill each other1 or compel them to
 abandon the rut1 that they may remain  
masters in their places2 and when one   
hath driven his co-rival away1 he       
raiseth his nose up into the air1 and   
looks aloft1 as though he gave thanks to
 nature1 which affords him such great   
delight4 ,how birds are affected in this
 kind1 appears out of ,aristotle1 he    
will have them to sing ob futuram       
venerem for joy or in hope of their     
venery which is to come4 #dffg;,aeeriae 
primum volucres te ,diva tuumque        
significant initum1 perculsae corda tua 
vi4  ,fishes pine away for love and wax 
lean1 if #dffh;,gomesius's authority may
 be taken1 and are rampant too1 some of 

them3 ,peter ,gellius1 lib4 #aj4 de     
hist1 animal4 tells wonders of a triton 
in ,epirus3 there was a well not far    
from the shore1 where the country       
wenches fetched water1 they1            
#dffitritons1 stupri causa would set    
upon them and carry them to the sea1 and
 there drown them1 if they would not    
yield2 so love tyranniseth in dumb      
creatures4 ,yet this is natural for one 
beast to dote upon another of the same  
kind2 but what strange fury is that1    
when a beast shall dote upon a man8     
,saxo ,grammaticus1 lib4 #aj4 ,dan4     
hist4 hath a story of a bear that loved 
a woman1 kept her in his den a long time
 and begot a son of her1 out of whose   
loins proceeded many northern kings3    
this is the original belike of that     
common tale of ,valentine and ,orson3   
,aelian1 ,pliny1 ,peter ,gillius1 are   
full of such relations4 ,a peacock in   
,lucadia loved a maid1 and when she     
died1 the peacock pined4 #dfgj;,a       
dolphin loved a boy called ,hernias1 and

 when he died1 the fish came on land1   
and so perished4 ,the like adds         
,gellius1 lib4 #aj4 cap4 #bb4 out of    
,appion1 ,aegypt4 lib4 #ae4 a dolphin at
 ,puteoli loved a child1 would come     
often to him1 let him get on his back1  
and carry him about1 #dfga;and when by  
sickness the child was taken away1 the  
dolphin died4 #dfgb;,every book is full 
7saith ,busbequius1 the emperor's orator
 with the ,grand ,signior1 not long     
since1 ep4 #c4 legat4 ,turc471 and      
yields such instances1 to believe which 
,i was always afraid lest ,i should be  
thought to give credit to fables1 until 
,i saw a lynx which ,i had from         
,assyria1 so affected towards one of my 
men1 that it cannot be denied but that  
he was in love with him4 ,when my man   
was present1 the beast would use many   
notable enticements and pleasant        
motions1 and when he was going1 hold him
 back1 and look after him when he was   
gone1 very sad in his absence1 but most 
jocund when he returned3 and when my man

 went from me1 the beast expressed his  
love with continual sickness1 and after 
he had pined away some few days1 died4  
,such another story he hath of a crane  
of ,majorca1 that loved a ,spaniard1    
that would walk any way with him1 and in
 his absence seek about for him1 make a 
noise that he might hear her1 and knock 
at his door1 #dfgc;and when he took his 
last farewell1 famished herself4 ,such  
pretty pranks can love play with birds1 
fishes1 beasts3 7#dfgd;,coelestis       
aestheris1 ponti1 terrae claves habet   
,venus1 ,solaque istorum omnium imperium
 obtinet47  and if all be certain that  
is credibly reported1 with the spirits  
of the air1 and devils of hell          
themselves1 who are as much enamoured   
and dote 7if ,i may use that word7 as   
any other creatures whatsoever4 ,for if 
those stories be true that are written  
of incubus and succubus1 of nymphs1     
lascivious fauns1 satyrs1 and those     
heathen gods which were devils1 those   
lascivious ,telchines1 of whom the      

,platonists tell so many fables2 or     
those familiar meetings in our days1 and
 company of witches and devils1 there is
 some probability for it4 ,i know that  
,biarmannus1 ,wierus1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ai4
 et #bd4 and some others stoutly deny   
it1 that the devil hath any carnal      
copulation with women1 that the devil   
takes no pleasure in such facts1 they be
 mere fantasies1 all such relations of  
incubi1 succubi1 lies and tales2 but    
,austin1 lib4 #ae4 de civit4 ,dei4 doth 
acknowledge it3 ,erastus de ,lamiis1    
,jacobus ,sprenger and his colleagues1  
c4 #dfge ,zanchius1 cap4 #af4 lib4 #d4  
de oper4 ,dei4 ,dandinus1 in ,arist4 de 
,anima1 lib4 #b4 text4 #bi4 com4 #cj4   
,bodin1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #g4 and           
,paracelsus1 a great champion of this   
tenet amongst the rest1 which give      
sundry peculiar instances1 by many      
testimonies1 proofs1 and confessions    
evince it4 ,hector ,boethius1 in his    
,scottish history1 hath three or four   
such examples1 which ,cardan confirms   

out of him1 lib4 #af4 cap4 #dc4 of such 
as have had familiar company many years 
with them1 and that in the habit of men 
and women ,philostratus in his fourth   
book de vita ,apollonii1 hath a         
memorable instance in this kind1 which  
,i may not omit1 of one ,menippus       
,lycius1 a young man twenty-five years  
of age1 that going between ,cenchreas   
and ,corinth1 met such a phantasm in the
 habit of a fair gentlewoman1 which     
taking him by the hand1 carried him home
 to her house in the suburbs of         
,corinth1 and told him she was a        
,phoenician by birth1 and if he would   
tarry with her1 #dfgf;he should hear her
 sing and play1 and drink such wine as  
never any drank1 and no man should      
molest him2 but she being fair and      
lovely would live and die with him1 that
 was fair and lovely to behold4 ,the    
young man a philosopher1 otherwise staid
 and discreet1 able to moderate his     
passions1 though not this of love1      
tarried with her awhile to his great    

content1 and at last married her1 to    
whose wedding1 amongst other guests1    
came ,apollonius1 who1 by some probable 
conjectures1 found her out to be a      
serpent1 a lamia1 and that all her      
furniture was like ,tantalus's gold     
described by ,homer1 no substance1 but  
mere illusions4 ,when she saw herself   
descried1 she wept1 and desired         
,apollonius to be silent1 but he would  
not be moved1 and thereupon she1 plate1 
house1 and all that was in it1 vanished 
in an instant3 #dfggmany thousands took 
notice of this fact1 for it was done in 
the midst of ,greece4 ,sabine in his    
,comment on the tenth of ,ovid's        
,metamorphoses1 at the tale of ,orpheus1
 telleth us of a gentleman of ,bavaria1 
that for many months together bewailed  
the loss of his dear wife2 at length the
 devil in her habit came and comforted  
him1 and told him1 because he was so    
importunate for her1 that she would come
 and live with him again1 on that       
condition he would be new married1 never

 swear and blaspheme as he used formerly
 to do2 for if he did1 she should be    
gone3 #dfgh;he vowed it1 married1 and   
lived with her1 she brought him         
children1 and governed his house1 but   
was still pale and sad1 and so          
continued1 till one day falling out with
 him1 he fell a swearing2 she vanished  
thereupon1 and was never after seen4    
#dfgi,this ,i have heard1 saith ,sabine1
 from persons of good credit1 which told
 me that the ,duke of ,bavaria did tell 
it for a certainty to the ,duke of      
,saxony4 ,one more ,i will relate out of
 ,florilegus1 ad annum #ajeh1 an honest 
historian of our nation1 because he     
telleth it so confidently1 as a thing in
 those days talked of all over ,europe3 
a young gentleman of ,rome1 the same day
 that he was married1 after dinner with 
the bride and his friends went a walking
 into the fields1 and towards evening to
 the tennis-court to recreate himself2  
whilst he played1 he put his ring upon  
the finger of ,venus statua1 which was  

thereby made in brass2 after he had     
sufficiently played1 and now made an end
 of his sport1 he came to fetch his     
ring1 but ,venus had bowed her finger   
in1 and he could not get it off4        
,whereupon loath to make his company    
tarry at present1 there left it1        
intending to fetch it the next day1 or  
at some more convenient time1 went      
thence to supper1 and so to bed4 ,in the
 night1 when he should come to perform  
those nuptial rites1 ,venus steps       
between him and his wife 7unseen or felt
 of her71 and told her that she was his 
wife1 that he had betrothed himself unto
 her by that ring1 which he put upon her
 finger3 she troubled him for some      
following nights4 ,he not knowing how to
 help himself1 made his moan to one     
,palumbus1 a learned magician in those  
days1 who gave him a letter1 and bid him
 at such a time of the night1 in such a 
cross-way1 at the town's end1 where old 
,saturn would pass by with his          
associates in procession1 as commonly he

 did1 deliver that script with his own  
hands to ,saturn himself2 the young man 
of a bold spirit1 accordingly did it2   
and when the old fiend had read it1 he  
called ,venus to him1 who rode before   
him1 and commanded her to deliver his   
ring1 which forthwith she did1 and so   
the gentleman was freed4 ,many such     
stories ,i find in several #dfhj;authors
 to confirm this which ,i have said2 as 
that more notable amongst the rest1 of  
,philinium and ,machates in             
#dfha,phlegon's ,tract1 de rebus        
mirabilibus1 and though many be against 
it1 yet ,i1 for my part1 will subscribe 
to ,lactantius1 lib4 #ad4 cap4 #ae4     
#dfhb;,god sent angels to the tuition of
 men2 but whilst they lived amongst us1 
that mischievous all-commander of the   
earth1 and hot in lust1 enticed them by 
little and little to this vice1 and     
defiled them with the company of women3 
and to ,anaxagoras1 de resurrect4       
#dfhc,many of those spiritual bodies1   
overcome by the love of maids1 and lust1

 failed1 of whom those were born we call
 giants4 ,justin ,martyr1 ,clemens      
,alexandrinus1 ,sulpicius ,severus1     
,eusebius1 etc41 to this sense make a   
twofold fall of angels1 one from the    
beginning of the world1 another a little
 before the deluge1 as ,moses teacheth  
us1 #dfhdopenly professing that these   
genii can beget1 and have carnal        
copulation with women4 ,at ,japan in the
 ,east ,indies1 at this present 7if we  
may believe the relation of             
#dfhetravellers71 there is an idol      
called ,teuchedy1 to whom one of the    
fairest virgins in the country is       
monthly brought1 and left in a private  
room1 in the fotoqui1 or church1 where  
she sits alone to be deflowered4 ,at    
certain times #dfhfthe ,teuchedy 7which 
is thought to be the devil7 appears to  
her1 and knoweth her carnally4 ,every   
month a fair virgin is taken in2 but    
what becomes of the old1 no man can     
tell4 ,in that goodly temple of ,jupiter
 ,belus in ,babylon1 there was a fair   

chapel1 #dfhgsaith ,herodotus1 an       
eyewitness of it1 in which was splendide
 stratus lectus et apposita mensa aurea1
 a brave bed1 a table of gold1 c41 into 
which no creature came but one only     
woman1 which their god made choice of1  
as the ,chaldean priests told him1 and  
that their god lay with her himself1 as 
at ,thebes in ,egypt was the like done  
of old4 ,so that you see this is no     
news1 the devils themselves1 or their   
juggling priests1 have played such      
pranks in all ages4 ,many divines       
stiffly contradict this2 but ,i will    
conclude with #dfhh,lipsius1 that since 
examples1 testimonies1 and confessions1 
of those unhappy women are so manifest  
on the other side1 and many even in this
 our town of ,louvain1 that it is likely
 to be so4 #dfhi,one thing ,i will add1 
that ,i suppose that in no age past1 ,i 
know not by what destiny of this unhappy
 time1 have there ever appeared or      
showed themselves so many lecherous     
devils1 satyrs1 and genii1 as in this of

 ours1 as appears by the daily          
narrations1 and judicial sentences upon 
record4 ,read more of this question in  
,plutarch1 vit4 ,numae1 ,austin de civ4 
,dei4 lib4 #ae4 ,wierus1 lib4 #c4 de    
praestig4 ,daem4 ,giraldus ,cambrensis1 
itinerar4 ,camb4 lib4 #a4 ,malleus      
malefic4 quaest4 #e4 part4 #a4 ,jacobus 
,reussus1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #f4 fol4 #ed4   
,godelman1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #d4 ,erastus1  
,valesius de sacra philo4 cap4 #dj4     
,john ,nider1 ,fornicar4 lib4 #e4 cap4  
#i4 ,stroz4 ,cicogna4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4 
,delrio1 ,lipsius ,bodine1 daemonol4    
lib4 #b4 cap4 #g4 ,pererius in ,gen4    
lib4 #h4 in #f4 cap4 ver4 #b4 ,king     
,james1 c4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,how ,love
 tyranniseth over men4 ,love1 or        
,heroical ,melancholy1 his definition1  
part affected4  ,you have heard how this
 tyrant ,love rageth with brute beasts  
and spirits2 now let us consider what   
passions it causeth amongst men4        
#dfij;,improbe amor quid non mortalia   
pectora cogis8 ,how it tickles the      

hearts of mortal men1 ,horresco         
referens1--,i am almost afraid to       
relate1 amazed1 #dfia;and ashamed1 it   
hath wrought such stupendous and        
prodigious effects1 such foul offences4 
,love indeed 7,i may not deny7 first    
united provinces1 built cities1 and by a
 perpetual generation makes and         
preserves mankind1 propagates the       
church2 but if it rage it is no more    
love1 but burning lust1 a disease1      
frenzy1 madness1 hell4 #dfib;,est orcus 
ille1 vis est immedicabilis1 est rabies 
insana2 'tis no virtuous habit this1 but
 a vehement perturbation of the mind1 a 
monster of nature1 wit1 and art1 as     
,alexis in #dfic;,athenaeus sets it out1
 viriliter audax1 muliebriter timidium1 
furore praeceps1 labore infractum1 mel  
felleum1 blanda percussio1 c4 ,it       
subverts kingdoms1 overthrows cities1   
towns1 families1 mars1 corrupts1 and    
makes a massacre of men2 thunder and    
lightning1 wars1 fires1 plagues1 have   
not done that mischief to mankind1 as   

this burning lust1 this brutish passion4
 ,let ,sodom and ,gomorrah1 ,troy1      
7which ,dares ,phrygius1 and ,dictis    
,cretensis will make good7 and ,i know  
not how many cities bear record1--et    
fuit ante ,helenam1 c41 all succeeding  
ages will subscribe3 ,joanna of ,naples 
in ,italy1 ,fredegunde and ,brunhalt in 
,france1 all histories are full of these
 basilisks4 ,besides those daily        
monomachies1 murders1 effusion of blood1
 rapes1 riot1 and immoderate expense1 to
 satisfy their lusts1 beggary1 shame1   
loss1 torture1 punishment1 disgrace1    
loathsome diseases that proceed from    
thence1 worse than calentures and       
pestilent fevers1 those often gouts1    
pox1 arthritis1 palsies1 cramps1        
sciatica1 convulsions1 aches1           
combustions1 c41 which torment the body1
 that feral melancholy which crucifies  
the soul in this life1 and everlastingly
 torments in the world to come4         
,notwithstanding they know these and    
many such miseries1 threats1 tortures1  

will surely come upon them1 rewards1    
exhortations1 e contra2 yet either out  
of their own weakness1 a depraved       
nature1 or love's tyranny1 which so     
furiously rageth1 they suffer themselves
 to be led like an ox to the slaughter3 
7,facilis descensus ,averni7 they go    
down headlong to their own perdition1   
they will commit folly with beasts1 men 
leaving the natural use of women1 as    
#dfid,paul saith1 burned in lust one    
towards another1 and man with man       
wrought filthiness4 ,semiramis equo1    
,pasiphae tauro1 ,aristo ,ephesius      
asinae se commiscuit1 ,fulvius equae1   
alii canibus1 capris1 c41 unde monstra  
nascuntur aliquando1 ,centauri1         
,sylvani1 et ad terrorem hominum        
prodigiosa spectra3 ,nec cum brutis1 sed
 ipsis hominibus rem habent1 quod       
peccatum ,sodomiae vulgo dicitur2 et    
frequens olim vitium apud ,orientalis   
illos fuit1 ,graecos nimirum1 ,italos1  
,afros1 ,asianos3 #dfie;,hercules ,hylam
 habuit1 ,polycletum1 ,dionem1          

,perithoonta1 ,abderum et ,phryga2 alii 
et ,euristium ab ,hercule amatum        
tradunt4 ,socrates pulchrorum           
,adolescentum causa frequens ,gymnasium 
adibat1 flagitiosque spectaculo pascebat
 oculos1 quod et ,philebus et ,phaedon1 
,rivales1 ,charmides et #dfifreliqui    
,platonis ,dialogi1 satis superque      
testatum faciunt3 quod vero ,alcibiades 
de eodem ,socrate loquatur1 lubens      
conticesco1 sed et abhorreo2 tantum     
incitamentum praebet libidini4 ,at hunc 
perstrinxit ,theodoretus lib4 de curat4 
graec4 affect4 cap4 ultimo4 ,quin et    
ipse ,plato suum demiratur ,agathonem1  
,xenophon1 ,cliniam1 ,virgilius ,alexin1
 ,anacreon ,bathyllum3 ,quod autem de   
,nerone1 ,claudio1 caeterorumque        
portentosa libidine memoriae proditum1  
mallem a ,petronio1 ,suetonio1          
caeterisque petatis1 quando omnem fidem 
excedat1 quam a me expectetis2 sed      
vetera querimur4 #dfig;,apud ,asianos1  
,turcas1 ,italos1 nunquam frequentius   
hoc quam hodierno die vitium2 ,diana    

,romanorum ,sodomia2 officinae horum    
alicubi apud ,turcas1--qui saxis semina 
mandant--arenas arantes2 et frequentes  
querelae1 etiam inter ipsos conjuges hac
 de re1 quae virorum concubitum         
illicitum calceo in oppositam partem    
verso magistratui indicant2 nullum apud 
,italos familiare magis peccatum1 qui et
 post #dfih,lucianum et #dfii,tatium1   
scriptis voluminibis defendunt4         
,johannes de la ,casa1 ,beventinus      
,episcopus1 divinum opus vocat1 suave   
scelus1 adeoque jactat1 se non alia1    
usum ,venere4 ,nihil usitatius apud     
monachos1 ,cardinales1 sacrificulos1    
etiam #dgjj;furor hic ad mortem1 ad     
insaniam4 #dgja;,angelus ,politianus1 ob
 pueri amorem1 violentas sibi inanus    
injecit4 ,et horrendum sane dictu1      
quantum apud nos patrum memoria1 scelus 
detestandum hoc saevierit6 ,quum enim   
,anno #aech4 prudentissimus ,rex        
,henricus ,octavus cucullatorum         
coenobia1 et sacrificorum collegia1     
votariorum1 per venerabiles legum       

,doctores ,thomam ,leum1 ,richardum     
,laytonum visitari fecerat1 c41 tanto   
numero reperti sunt apud eos            
scortatores1 cinaedi1 ganeones1         
paedicones1 puerarii1 paederastae1      
,sodomitae1 7#dgjb;,balei verbis utor7  
,ganimedes1 c4 ut in unoquoque eorum    
novam credideris ,gomorrham4 ,sed vide  
si lubet eorundem ,catalogum apud eundem
 ,balcum2 ,puellae 7inquit7 in lectis   
dormire non poterant ob fratres         
necromanticos4 ,haec si apud votarios1  
monachos1 sanctos scilicet homunciones1 
quid in foro1 quid in aula factum       
suspiceris8 quid apud nobiles1 quid     
inter fornices1 quam non foeditatem1    
quam non spurcitiem8 ,sileo interim     
turpes illas1 et ne nominandas quidem   
monachorum #dgjc mastrupationes1        
masturbatores4 #dgjd,rodericus a ,castro
 vocat1 tum et eos qui se invicem ad    
,venerem excitandam flagris caedunt1    
,spintrias1 ,succubas1 ,ambubeias1 et   
lasciviente lumbo ,tribades illas       
mulierculas1 quae se invicem fricant1 et

 praeter ,eunuchos etiam ad ,venerem    
explendam1 artificiosa illa veretra     
habent4 ,immo quod magis mirere1 faemina
 foeminam ,constantinopoli non ita      
pridem deperiit1 ausa rem plane         
incredibilem1 mutato cultu mentita virum
 de nuptiis sermonem init1 et brevi     
nupta est3 sed authorem ipsum consule1  
,busbequium4 ,omitto #dgje,salanarios   
illos ,egyptiacos1 qui cum formosarum   
cadaveribus concumbunt2 et eorum vesanam
 libidinem1 qui etiam idola et imagines 
depereunt4 ,nota est fabula ,pigmalionis
 apud #dgjf,ovidium2 ,mundi et ,paulini 
apud ,aegesippum belli ,jud4 lib4 #b4   
cap4 #d4 ,pontius ,c4 ,caesaris legatus1
 referente ,plinio1 lib4 #ce4 cap4 #c4  
quem suspicor eum esse qui ,christum    
crucifixit1 picturis ,atalantae et      
,helenae adeo libidine incensus1 ut     
tollere eas vellet si natura tectorii   
permisisset1 alius statuam bonae        
,fortunae deperiit 7,aelianus1 lib4 #i4 
cap4 #cg47 alius bonae deae1 et ne qua  
pars probro vacet4 #dgjg,raptus ad      

stupra 7quod ait ille7 et ne #dgjhos    
quidem a libidine exceptum4             
,heliogabalus1 per omnia cava corporis  
libidinem recepit1 ,lamprid4 vita ejus4 
#dgji;,hostius quidam specula fecit1 et 
ita disposuit1 ut quum virum ipse       
pateretur1 aversus omnes admissarii     
motus in speculo videret1 ac deinde     
falsa magnitudine ipsius membri tanquam 
vera gauderet1 simul virum et foeminam  
passus1 quod dictu foedum et            
abominandum4 ,ut veram plane sit1 quod  
apud #dgaj,plutarchum ,gryllus ,ulyssi  
objecit4 ,ad hunc usque diem apud nos   
neque mas marem1 neque foemina foeminam 
amavit1 qualia multa apud vos           
memorabiles et praeclari viri fecerunt3 
ut viles missos faciam1 ,hercules       
imberbem sectans socium1 amicos         
deseruit1 c4 ,vestrae libidines intra   
suos naturae fines coerceri non possunt1
 quin instar fluvii exundantis atrocem  
foeditatum1 tumultum1 confusionemque    
naturae gignant in re ,venerea3 nam et  
capras1 porcos1 equos inierunt viri et  

foeminae1 insano bestiarum amore        
exarserunt1 imde ,minotauri1 ,centauri1 
,sylvani1 ,sphinges1 c4 ,sed ne         
confutando doceam1 aut ea foras efferam1
 quae1 non omnes scire convenit 7haec   
enim doctis solummodo1 quod causa non   
absimili #dgaa,rodericus1 scripta velim7
 ne levissomis ingentis et depravatis   
mentibus focdissimi sceleris notitiam1  
c41 nolo quem diutius hisce sordibus    
inquinare4 ,i come at last to that      
heroical love which is proper to men and
 women1 is a frequent cause of          
melancholy1 and deserves much rather to 
be called burning lust1 than by such an 
honourable title4 ,there is an honest   
love1 ,i confess1 which is natural1     
laqueus occultus captivans corda        
hominum1 ut a mulieribus non possint    
separari1 a secret snare to captivate   
the hearts of men1 as #dgab;,christopher
 ,fonseca proves1 a strong allurement1  
of a most attractive1 occult1 adamantine
 property1 and powerful virtue1 and no  
man living can avoid it4 #dgac;,et qui  

vim non sensit amoris1 aut lapis est1   
aut bellua4 ,he is not a man but a      
block1 a very stone1 aut #dgad,numen1   
aut ,nebuchadnezzar1 he hath a gourd for
 his head1 a pepon for his heart1 that  
hath not felt the power of it1 and a    
rare creature to be found1 one in an    
age1 ,qui nunquam visae flagravit amore 
puellae2 #dgae;for semel insanivimus    
omnes1 dote we either young or old1 as  
#dgaf;he said1 and none are excepted but
 ,minerva and the ,muses3 so ,cupid in  
#dgag,lucian complains to his mother    
,venus1 that amongst all the rest his   
arrows could not pierce them4 ,but this 
nuptial love is a common passion1 an    
honest1 for men to love in the way of   
marriage2 ut materia appetit formam1 sic
 mulier virum4 #dgah,you know marriage  
is honourable1 a blessed calling1       
appointed by ,god himself in ,paradise2 
it breeds true peace1 tranquillity1     
content1 and happiness1 qua nulla est   
aut fuit unquam sanctior conjunctio1 as 
,daphnaeus in #dgai,plutarch could well 

prove1 et quae generi humano            
immortalitatem parat1 when they live    
without jarring1 scolding1 lovingly as  
they should do4  #dgbj;,felices ter et  
amplius ,quos irrupta tenet copula1 nec 
ullis  ,divulsus querimoniis ,suprema   
citius solvit amor die4   ,thrice happy 
they1 and more than that1 ,whom bond of 
love so firmly ties1  ,that without     
brawls till death them part1 ',tis      
undissolv'd and never dies4  ,as ,seneca
 lived with his ,paulina1 ,abraham and  
,sarah1 ,orpheus and ,eurydice1 ,arria  
and ,poetus1 ,artemisia and ,mausolus1  
,rubenius ,celer1 that would needs have 
it engraven on his tomb1 he had led his 
life with ,ennea1 his dear wife1        
forty-three years eight months1 and     
never fell out4 ,there is no pleasure in
 this world comparable to it1 'tis      
summum mortalitatis bonum--             
#dgba;hominum divumque voluptas1 ,alma  
,venus--latet enim in muliere aliquid   
majus potentiusque1 omnibus aliis       
humanis voluptatibus1 as #dgbbone holds1

 there's something in a woman beyond all
 human delight2 a magnetic virtue1 a    
charming quality1 an occult and powerful
 motive4 ,the husband rules her as head1
 but she again commands his heart1 he is
 her servant1 she is only joy and       
content3 no happiness is like unto it1  
no love so great as this of man and     
wife1 no such comfort as #dgbcplacens   
uxor1 a sweet wife3 #dgbd,omnis amor    
magnus1 sed aperto in conjuge major4    
,when they love at last as fresh as they
 did at first1 #dgbe;,charaque charo    
consenescit conjugi1 as ,homer brings   
,paris kissing ,helen1 after they had   
been married ten years1 protesting      
withal that he loved her as dear as he  
did the first hour that he was          
betrothed4 ,and in their old age1 when  
they make much of one another1 saying1  
as he did to his wife in the poet1      
#dgbf,uxor vivamus quod viximus1 et     
moriamur1 ,servantes nomen sumpsimus in 
thalamo2  ,nec ferat ulla dies ut       
commutemur in aevo1 ,quin tibi sim      

juvenis1 tuque puella mihi4   ,dear     
wife1 let's live in love1 and die       
together1 ,as hitherto we have in all   
good will3  ,let no day change or alter 
our affections4 ,but let's be young to  
one another still4  ,such should        
conjugal love be1 still the same1 and as
 they are one flesh1 so should they be  
of one mind1 as in an aristocratical    
government1 one consent1                
#dgbg;,geyron-like1 coalescere in unum1 
have one heart in two bodies1 will and  
nill the same4 ,a good wife1 according  
to ,plutarch1 should be as a            
looking-glass to represent her husband's
 face and passion3 if he be pleasant1   
she should be merry3 if he laugh1 she   
should smile3 if he look sad1 she should
 participate of his sorrow1 and bear a  
part with him1 and so should they       
continue in mutual love one towards     
another4 #dgbh;,et me ab amore tuo      
deducet nulla senectus1 ,sive ego       
,tythonus1 sive ego ,nestor ero4  ,no   
age shall part my love from thee1 sweet 

wife1 ,though ,i live ,nestor or        
,tithonus' life4  ,and she again to him1
 as the #dgbi;,bride saluted the        
,bridegroom of old in ,rome1 ,ubi tu    
,caius1 ego semper ,caia1 be thou still 
,caius1 ,i'll be ,caia4 ',tis a happy   
state this indeed1 when the fountain is 
blessed 7saith ,solomon1 ,prov4 v4 #ag47
 and he rejoiceth with the wife of his  
youth1 and she is to him as the loving  
hind and pleasant roe1 and he delights  
in her continually4 ,but this love of   
ours is immoderate1 inordinate1 and not 
to be comprehended in any bounds4 ,it   
will not contain itself within the union
 of marriage1 or apply to one object1   
but is a wandering1 extravagant1 a      
domineering1 a boundless1 an            
irrefragable1 a destructive passion3    
sometimes this burning lust rageth after
 marriage1 and then it is properly      
called jealousy2 sometimes before1 and  
then it is called heroical melancholy2  
it extends sometimes to co-rivals1 c41  
begets rapes1 incests1 murders3 ,marcus 

,antonius compressit ,faustinam sororem1
 ,caracalla ,juliam ,novercam1 ,nero    
,matrem1 ,caligula sorores1 ,cyneras    
,myrrham filiam1 c4 ,but it is confined 
within no terms of blood1 years1 sex1 or
 whatsoever else4 ,some furiously rage  
before they come to discretion1 or age4 
#dgcj,quartilla in ,petronius never     
remembered she was a maid2 and the wife 
of ,bath1 in ,chaucer1 cracks1 ,since ,i
 was twelve years old1 believe1         
,husbands at ,kirk-door had ,i five4    
#dgca;,aratine ,lucretia sold her       
maidenhead a thousand times before she  
was twenty-four years old1 plus milies  
vendiderant virginitatem1 c4 neque te   
celabo1 non deerant qui ut integram     
ambirent4 ,rahab1 that harlot1 began to 
be a professed quean at ten years of    
age1 and was but fifteen when she hid   
the spies1 as #dgcb;,hugh ,broughton    
proves1 to whom ,serrarius the ,jesuit1 
quaest4 #f4 in cap4 #b4 ,josue1         
subscribes4 ,generally women begin      
pubescere1 as they call it1 or          

catullire1 as ,julius ,pollux cites1    
lib4 #b4 cap4 #c4 onomast out of        
,aristophanes1 #dgcc;at fourteen years  
old1 then they do offer themselves1 and 
some plainly rage4 #dgcd,leo ,afer      
saith1 that in ,africa a man shall      
scarce find a maid at fourteen years of 
age1 they are so forward1 and many      
amongst us after they come into the     
teens do not live without husbands1 but 
linger4 ,what pranks in this kind the   
middle ages have played is not to be    
recorded4 ,si mihi sint centum linguae1 
sint oraque centum1 no tongue can       
sufficiently declare1 every story is    
full of men and women's insatiable lust1
 ,nero's1 ,heliogabali1 ,bonosi1 c4     
#dgce ,coelius ,amphilenum1 sed         
,quintius ,amphelinam depereunt1 c4     
,they neigh after other men's wives 7as 
,jeremia1 cap4 v4 #h4 complaineth7 like 
fed horses1 or range like town bulls1   
raptores virginum et viduarum1 as many  
of our great ones do4 ,solomon's wisdom 
was extinguished in this fire of lust1  

,samson's strength enervated1 piety in  
,lot's daughters quite forgot1 gravity  
of priesthood in ,eli's sons1 reverend  
old age in the ,elders that would       
violate ,susanna1 filial duty in        
,absalom to his stepmother1 brotherly   
love in ,ammon4 towards his sister4     
,human1 divine laws1 precepts1          
exhortations1 fear of ,god and men1     
fair1 foul means1 fame1 fortune1 shame1 
disgrace1 honour cannot oppose1 stave   
off1 or withstand the fury of it1 omnia 
vincit amor1 c4 ,no cord nor cable can  
so forcibly draw1 or hold so fast1 as   
love can do with1 a twined thread4 ,the 
scorching beams under the equinoctial1  
or extremity of cold within the circle  
arctic1 where the very seas are frozen1 
cold or torrid zone1 cannot avoid or    
expel this heat1 fury1 and rage of      
mortal men4 #dgcf,quo fugis ab demens1  
nulla est fuga1 tu licet usque ,ad      
,tanaim fugias1 usque sequetur amor4    
,of women's unnatural1 #dgcg;insatiable 
lust1 what country1 what village doth   

not complain8 ,mother and daughter      
sometimes dote on the same man1 father  
and son1 master and servant1 on one     
woman4 #dgch--,sed amor1 sed ineffrenata
 libido1 ,quid castum in terris         
intentatumque reliquit8  ,what breach of
 vows and oaths1 fury1 dotage1 madness1 
might ,i reckon up8 ,yet this is more   
tolerable in youth1 and such as are     
still in their hot blood2 but for an old
 fool to dote1 to see an old lecher1    
what more odious1 what can be more      
absurd8 and yet what so common8 ,who so 
furious8#dgci ,amare ea aetate si       
occiperint1 multo insaniunt acrius4     
,some dote then more than ever they did 
in their youth4 ,how many decrepit1     
hoary1 harsh1 writhen1 bursten-bellied1 
crooked1 toothless1 bald1 blear-eyed1   
impotent1 rotten1 old men shall you see 
flickering still in every place8 ,one   
gets him a young wife1 another a        
courtesan1 and when he can scarce lift  
his leg over a sill1 and hath one foot  
already in ,charon's boat1 when he hath 

the trembling in his joints1 the gout in
 his feet1 a perpetual rheum in his     
head1 a continuate cough1 #dgdj;his     
sight fails him1 thick of hearing1 his  
breath stinks1 all his moisture is dried
 up and gone1 may not spit from him1 a  
very child again1 that cannot dress     
himself1 or cut his own meat1 yet he    
will be dreaming of1 and honing after   
wenches1 what can be more unseemly8     
,worse it is in women than in men1 when 
she is aetate declivis1 diu vidua1 mater
 olim1 parum decore matrimonium sequi   
videtur1 an old widow1 a mother so long 
since 7#dgda;in ,pliny's opinion71 she  
doth very unseemly seek to marry1 yet   
whilst she is #dgdbso old a crone1 a    
beldam1 she can neither see1 nor hear1  
go nor stand1 a mere #dgdc;carcass1 a   
witch1 and scarce feel2 she caterwauls1 
and must have a stallion1 a champion1   
she must and will marry again1 and      
betroth herself to some young man1      
#dgddthat hates to look on1 but for her 
goods2 abhors the sight of her1 to the  

prejudice of her good name1 her own     
undoing1 grief of friends1 and ruin of  
her children4 ,but to enlarge or        
illustrate this power and effects of    
love1 is to set a candle in the sun4    
#dgde;,it rageth with all sorts and     
conditions of men1 yet is most evident  
among such as are young and lusty1 in   
the flower of their years1 nobly        
descended1 high fed1 such as live idly1 
and at ease2 and for that cause 7which  
our divines call burning lust7 this     
#dgdf;ferinus insanus amor1 this mad and
 beastly passion1 as ,i have said1 is   
named by our physicians heroical love1  
and a more honourable title put upon it1
 ,amor nobilis1 as #dgdg,savanarola     
styles it1 because noble men and women  
make a common practice of it1 and are so
 ordinarily affected with it4 ,avicenna1
 lib4 #c4 ,fen1 #a4 tract4 #d4 cap4 #bc4
 calleth this passion ,ilishi1 and      
defines it #dgdhto be a disease or      
melancholy vexation1 or anguish of mind1
 in which a man continually meditates of

 the beauty1 gesture1 manners of his    
mistress1 and troubles himself about it3
 desiring1 7as ,savanarola adds7 with   
all intentions and eagerness of mind1 to
 compass or enjoy her1 #dgdi;as commonly
 hunters trouble themselves about their 
sports1 the covetous about their gold   
and goods1 so is he tormented still     
about his mistress4 ,arnoldus           
,villanovanus1 in his book of heroical  
love1 defines it1 #dgej;a continual     
cogitation of that which he desires1    
with a confidence or hope of compassing 
it2 which definition his commentator    
cavils at4 ,for continual cogitation is 
not the genus but a symptom of love2 we 
continually think of that which we hate 
and abhor1 as well as that which we     
love2 and many things we covet and      
desire1 without all hope of attaining4  
,carolus a ,lorme1 in his ,questions1   
makes a doubt1 ,an amor sit morbus1     
whether this heroical love be a disease3
 ,julius ,pollux ,onomast4 lib4 #f4 cap4
 #dd4 determines it4 ,they that are in  

love are likewise #dgeasick2 lascivus1  
salax1 lasciviens1 et qui in venerem    
furit1 vere est aegrotus1 ,arnoldus will
 have it improperly so called1 and a    
malady rather of the body than mind4    
,tully1 in his ,tusculans1 defines it a 
furious disease of the mind4 ,plato1    
madness itself4 ,ficinus1 his           
,commentator1 cap4 #ab4 a species of    
madness1 for many have run mad for      
women1 ,esdr4 iv4 #bf4 ,but #dgeb,rhasis
 a melancholy passion3 and most         
physicians make it a species or kind of 
melancholy 7as will appear by the       
symptoms71 and treat of it apart2 whom  
,i mean to imitate1 and to discuss it in
 all his kinds1 to examine his several  
causes1 to show his symptoms1           
indications1 prognostics1 effect1 that  
so it may be with more facility cured4  
,the part affected in the meantime1 as  
#dgec;,arnoldus supposeth1 is the former
 part of the head for want of moisture1 
which his ,commentator rejects4         
,langius1 med4 epist4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bd4

 will have this passion seated in the   
liver1 and to keep residence in the     
heart1 #dgedto proceed first from the   
eyes so carried by our spirits1 and     
kindled with imagination in the liver   
and heart2 coget amare jecur1 as the    
saying is4 ,medium feret per epar1 as   
,cupid in ,anacreon4 ,for some such     
cause belike #dgee ,homer feigns        
,titius' liver 7who was enamoured of    
,latona7 to be still gnawed by two      
vultures day and night in hell1         
#dgef;for that young men's bowels thus  
enamoured1 are so continually tormented 
by love4 ,gordonius1 cap4 #b4 part4 #b4 
#dgegwill have the testicles an         
immediate subject or cause1 the liver an
 antecedent4 ,fracastorius agrees in    
this with ,gordonius1 inde primitus     
imaginatio venerea1 erectio1 c4         
titillatissimam partem vocat1 ita ut    
nisi extruso semine gestiens voluptas   
non cessat1 nec assidua veneris         
recordatio1 addit ,gnastivinius         
,comment4 #d4 ,sect4 prob4 #bg4 ,arist4 

,but #dgehproperly it is a passion of   
the brain1 as all other melancholy1 by  
reason of corrupt imagination1 and so   
doth ,jason ,pratensis1 c4 #ai4 de morb4
 cerebri 7who writes copiously of this  
erotical love71 place and reckon it     
amongst the affections of the brain4    
#dgei,melancthon de anima confutes those
 that make the liver a part affected1   
and ,guianerius1 ,tract4 #ae4 cap4 #ac  
et #ag4 though many put all the         
affections in the heart1 refers it to   
the brain4 ,ficinus1 cap4 #g4 in        
,convivium ,platonis1 will have the     
blood to be the part affected4 ,jo4     
,frietagius1 cap4 #ad4 noct4 med4       
supposeth all four affected1 heart1     
liver1 brain1 blood2 but the major part 
concur upon the brain1 #dgfj'tis        
imaginatio laesa2 and both imagination  
and reason are misaffected21 because of 
his corrupt judgment1 and continual     
meditation of that which he desires1 he 
may truly be said to be melancholy4 ,if 
it be violent1 or his disease           

inveterate1 as ,i have determined in the
 precedent partitions1 both imagination 
and reason are misaffected1 first one1  
then the other4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4          
,,subsect4 ,i4--,causes of ,heroical    
,love1 ,temperature1 full ,diet1        
,idleness1 ,place1 ,climate1 c4  ,of all
 causes the remotest are stars4         
#dgfa;,ficinus cap4 #ai4 saith they are 
most prone to this burning lust1 that   
have ,venus in ,leo in their horoscope1 
when the ,moon and ,venus be mutually   
aspected1 or such as be of ,venus'      
complexion4 #dgfb,plutarch interprets   
astrologically that tale of ,mars and   
,venus1 in whose genitures  and  are in 
conjunction1 they are commonly          
lascivious1 and if women queans2 as the 
good wife of ,bath confessed in         
,chaucer2 ,i followed aye mine          
inclination1 ,by virtue of my           
constellation4  ,but of all those       
astrological aphorisms which ,i have    
ever read1 that of ,cardan is most      
memorable1 for which howsoever he is    

bitterly censured by #dgfc,marinus      
,marcennus1 a malapert friar1 and some  
others 7which #dgfd he himself          
suspected7 yet methinks it is free1     
downright1 plain and ingenious4 ,in his 
#dgfe;eighth ,geniture1 or example1 he  
hath these words of himself1   and  in  
dignitatibus assiduam mihi ,venereorum  
cogitationem praestabunt1 ita ut nunquam
 quiescam4 ,et paulo post1 ,cogitatio   
,venereorum me torquet perpetuo1 et quam
 facto implere non licuit1 aut fecisse  
potentem puduit1 cogitatione assidua    
mentitus sum voluptatem4 ,et alibi1 ob  
et  dominium et radiorum mixtionem1     
profundum fuit ingenium1 sed lascivum1  
egoque turpi libidini deditus et        
obscaenus4 ,so far ,cardan of himself1  
quod de se fatetur ideo #dgffut         
utilitatem adferat studiosis hujusce    
disciplinae1 and for this he is traduced
 by ,marcennus1 when as in effect he    
saith no more than what ,gregory        
,nazianzen of old1 to ,chilo his        
scholar1 offerebant se mihi visendae    

mulieres1 quarum praecellenti elegantia 
et decore spectabili tentabatur meae4   
integritas pudicitiae4 ,et quidem       
flagitium vitavi fornicationis1 at      
munditiae virginalis florem arcana      
cordis cogitatione foedavi4 ,sed ad rem4
 ,aptiores ad masculinam venerem sunt   
quorum genesi ,venus est in signo       
masculino1 et in ,saturni finibus aut   
oppositione1 c4 ,ptolomeus in           
quadripart4 plura de his et specialia   
habet aphorismata1 longo proculdubio usu
 confirmata1 et ab experientia multa    
perfecta1 inquit commentator ejus       
,cardanus4 ,tho4 ,campanella            
,astrologiae lib4 #d4 cap4 #h4 articulis
 #d and #e4 insaniam amatoriam          
remonstrantia1 multa prae caeteris      
accumulat aphorismata1 quae qui volet1  
consulat4 ,chiromantici ex cingulo      
,veneris plerumque conjecturam faciunt1 
et monte ,veneris1 de quorum decretis1  
,taisnerum1 ,johan4 de ,indagine1       
,goclenium1 ceterosque si lubet1        
inspicias4 ,physicians divine wholly    

from the temperature and complexion2    
phlegmatic persons are seldom taken1    
according to ,ficinus ,comment1 cap4 #i2
 naturally melancholy less than they1   
but once taken they are never freed2    
though many are of opinion flatuous or  
hypochondriacal melancholy are most     
subject of all others to this infirmity4
 ,valescus assigns their strong         
imagination for a cause1 ,bodine        
abundance of wind1 ,gordonius of seed1  
and spirits1 or atomi in the seed1 which
 cause their violent and furious        
passions4 ,sanguine thence are soon     
caught1 young folks most apt to love1   
and by their good wills1 saith          
#dgfg,lucian1 would have a bout with    
every one they see3 the colt's evil is  
common to all complexions4 ,theomestus a
 young and lusty gallant acknowledgeth  
7in the said author7 all this to be     
verified in him1 ,i am so amorously     
given1 #dgfhyou may sooner number the   
sea-sands1 and snow falling from the    
skies1 than my several loves4 ,cupid had

 shot all his arrows at me1 ,i am       
deluded with various desires1 one love  
succeeds another1 and that so soon1 that
 before one is ended1 ,i begin with a   
second2 she that is last is still       
fairest1 and she that is present        
pleaseth me most3 as an hydra's head my 
loves increase1 no ,iolaus can help me4 
,mine eyes are so moist a refuge and    
sanctuary of love1 that they draw all   
beauties to them1 and are never         
satisfied4 ,i am in a doubt what fury of
 ,venus this should be3 alas1 how have  
,i offended her so to vex me1 what      
,hippolitus am ,i6 ,what ,telchine is my
 genius8 or is it a natural             
imperfection1 an hereditary passion8    
,another in #dgfi;,anacreon confesseth  
that he had twenty sweethearts in       
,athens at once1 fifteen at ,corinth1 as
 many at ,thebes1 at ,lesbos1 and at    
,rhodes1 twice as many in ,ionia1 thrice
 in ,caria1 twenty thousand in all3 or  
in a word1  1 1 c4 ,folia arborum omnium
 si ,nosti referre cuncta1 ,aut         

computare arenas ,in aequore universas1 
,solum meorum amorum ,te fecero         
logistam8  ,canst count the leaves in   
,may1 ,or sands i' th' ocean sea8 ,then 
count my loves ,i pray4  ,his eyes are  
like a balance1 apt to propend each way1
 and to be weighed down with every      
wench's looks1 his heart a weathercock1 
his affection tinder1 or naphtha itself1
 which every fair object1 sweet smile1  
or mistress's favour sets on fire4      
,guianerius tract #ae4 cap4 #ad4 refers 
all this #dggjto the hot temperature of 
the testicles1 ,ferandus a ,frenchman in
 his ,erotique ,mel4 7which #dgga;book  
came first to my hands after the third  
edition7 to certain atomi in the seed1  
such as are very spermatic and full of  
seed4 ,i find the same in ,aristot4     
sect4 #d4 prob4 #ag4 si non secernatur  
semen1 cessare tentigines non possunt1  
as ,gaustavinius his commentator        
translates it3 for which cause these    
young men that be strong set1 of able   
bodies1 are so subject to it4 ,hercules 

de ,saxonia hath the same words in      
effect4 ,but most part ,i say1 such as  
are aptest to love that are young and   
lusty1 live at ease1 stall-fed1 free    
from cares1 like cattle in a rank       
pasture1 idle and solitary persons1 they
 must needs hirquitullire1 as           
,guastavinius recites out of            
,censorinus4 #dggb,mens erit apta capi  
tum quum laetissima rerum4 ,ut seges in 
pingui luxuriabit humo4  ,the mind is   
apt to lust1 and hot or cold1 ,as corn  
luxuriates in a better mould4  ,the     
place itself makes much wherein we live1
 the clime1 air1 and discipline if they 
concur4 ,in our ,misnia1 saith ,galen1  
near to ,pergamus1 thou shalt scarce    
find an adulterer1 but many at ,rome1 by
 reason of the delights of the seat4 ,it
 was that plenty of all things1 which   
made #dggc;,corinth so infamous of old1 
and the opportunity of the place to     
entertain those foreign comers2 every   
day strangers came in1 at each gate1    
from all quarters4 ,in that one temple  

of ,venus a thousand whores did         
prostitute themselves1 as ,strabo       
writes1 besides ,lais and the rest of   
better note3 all nations resorted       
thither1 as to a school of ,venus4 ,your
 hot and southern countries are prone to
 lust1 and far more incontinent than    
those that live in the north1 as ,bodine
 discourseth at large1 ,method1 hist4   
cap4 #e4 ,molles ,asiatici1 so are      
,turks1 ,greeks1 ,spaniards1 ,italians1 
even all that latitude2 and in those    
tracts1 such as are more fruitful1      
plentiful1 and delicious1 as ,valence in
 ,spain1 ,capua in ,italy1 domicilium   
luxus ,tully terms it1 and 7which       
,hannibal's soldiers can witness7       
,canopus in ,egypt1 ,sybaris1 ,phoeacia1
 ,baiae1 #dggd;,cyprus1 ,lampsacus4 ,in 
#dgge,naples the fruit of the soil and  
pleasant air enervate their bodies1 and 
alter constitutions3 insomuch that      
,florus calls it ,certamen ,bacchi et   
,veneris1 but #dggf;,foliot admires it4 
,in ,italy and ,spain they have their   

stews in every great city1 as in ,rome1 
,venice1 ,florence1 wherein1 some say1  
dwell ninety thousand inhabitants1 of   
which ten thousand are courtesans2 and  
yet for all this1 every gentleman almost
 hath a peculiar mistress2 fornications1
 adulteries1 are nowhere so common3 urbs
 est jam tota lupanar2 how should a man 
live honest amongst so many             
provocations8 now if vigour of youth1   
greatness1 liberty ,i mean1 and that    
impunity of sin which grandees take unto
 themselves in this kind shall meet1    
what a gap must it needs open to all    
manner of vice1 with what fury will it  
rage8 ,for1 as ,maximus ,tyrius the     
,platonist observes1 libido consequuta  
quum fuerit materiam improbam et        
praeruptam licentiam1 et effrenatam     
audaciam1 c41 what will not lust effect 
in such persons8 ,for commonly princes  
and great men make no scruple at all of 
such matters1 but with that whore in    
,spartian1 quicquid libet licet1 they   
think they may do what they list1       

profess it publicly1 and rather brag    
with ,proculus 7that writ to a friend of
 his in ,rome1 #dgggwhat famous exploits
 he had done in that kind7 than any way 
be abashed at it4 #dggh,nicholas        
,sanders relates of ,henry ,,viii4 7,i  
know not how truly7 ,quod paucas vidit  
pulchriores quas non concupierit1 et    
paucissimas non concupierit quas non    
violarit1 ,he saw very few maids that he
 did not desire1 and desired fewer whom 
he did not enjoy3 nothing so familiar   
amongst them1 'tis most of their        
business3 ,sardanapalus1 ,messalina1 and
 ,joan of ,naples1 are not comparable to
 #dggimeaner men and women2 ,solomon of 
old had a thousand concubines2          
,ahasuerus his eunuchs and keepers2     
,nero his ,tigillinus panders1 and      
bawds2 the ,turks1 #dghj ,muscovites1   
,mogors1 ,xeriffs of ,barbary1 and      
,persian ,sophies1 are no whit inferior 
to them in our times4 ,delectus fit     
omnium puellarum toto regno forma       
praestantiorum 7saith ,jovius7 pro      

imperatore2 et quas ille linquit1       
nobiles habent2 they press and muster up
 wenches as we do soldiers1 and have    
their choice of the rarest beauties     
their countries can afford1 and yet all 
this cannot keep them from adultery1    
incest1 sodomy1 buggery1 and such       
prodigious lusts4 ,we may conclude1 that
 if they be young1 fortunate1 rich1     
high-fed1 and idle withal1 it is almost 
impossible that they should live honest1
 not rage1 and precipitate themselves   
into these inconveniences of burning    
lust4 #dgha,otium et reges prius et     
beatas  ,perdidit urbes4  ,idleness     
overthrows all1 ,vacuo pectore regnat   
amor1 love tyranniseth in an idle       
person4 ,amore abundas ,antiphio4 ,if   
thou hast nothing to do1#dghb ,invidia  
vel amore miser torquebere--,thou shalt 
be haled in pieces with envy1 lust1 some
 passion or other4 ,homines nihil agendo
 male agere discunt2 'tis ,aristotle's  
simile1 #dghc;as match or touchwood     
takes fire1 so doth an idle person love4

 ,quaeritur ,aegistus quare sit factus  
adulter1 c41 why was ,aegistus a        
whoremaster8 ,you need not ask a reason 
of it4 ,ismenedora stole ,baccho1 a     
woman forced a man1 as #dghd;,aurora did
 ,cephalus3 no marvel1 saith            
#dghe,plutarch1 ,luxurians opibus more  
hominum mulier agit3 she was rich1      
fortunate and jolly1 and doth but as men
 do in that case1 as ,jupiter did by    
,europa1 ,neptune by ,amymone4 ,the     
poets therefore did well to feign all   
shepherds lovers1 to give themselves to 
songs and dalliances1 because they lived
 such idle lives4 ,for love1 as         
#dghf,theophrastus defines it1 is otiosi
 animi affectus1 an affection of an idle
 mind1 or as #dghg,seneca describes it1 
,juventa gignitur1 juxu nutritur1 feriis
 alitur1 otioque inter laeta fortunae   
bonae2 youth begets it1 riot maintains  
it1 idleness nourisheth it1 c4 which    
makes #dghh ,gordonius the physician    
cap4 #bj4 part4 #b4 call this disease   
the proper passion of nobility4 ,now if 

a weak judgment and a strong            
apprehension do concur1 how1 saith      
,hercules de ,saxonia1 shall they       
resist8 ,savanarola appropriates it     
almost to #dghimonks1 friars1 and       
religious persons1 because they live    
solitarily1 fair daintily1 and do       
nothing3 and well he may1 for how should
 they otherwise choose8 ,diet alone is  
able to cause it3 a rare thing to see a 
young man or a woman that lives idly and
 fares well1 of what condition soever1  
not to be in love4 #dgij;,alcibiades was
 still dallying with wanton young women1
 immoderate in his expenses1 effeminate 
in his apparel1 ever in love1 but why8  
he was over-delicate in his diet1 too   
frequent and excessive in banquets1     
,ubicunque securitas1 ibi libido        
dominatur2 lust and security domineer   
together1 as ,st4 ,hierome averreth4    
,all which the wife of ,bath in ,chaucer
 freely justifies1 ,for all to sicker1  
as cold engendreth hail1 ,a liquorish   
tongue must have a liquorish tail4      

,especially if they shall further it by 
choice diet1 as many times those        
,sybarites and ,phaeaces do1 feed       
liberally1 and by their good will eat   
nothing else but lascivious meats4      
#dgia,vinum imprimis generosum1 legumen1
 fabas1 radices omnium generum bene     
conditas1 et largo pipere aspersas1     
carduos hortulanos1 lactucas1           
#dgib;erucas1 rapas1 porros1 caepas1    
nucem piceam1 amygdalas dulces1         
electuaria1 syrupos1 succos1 cochleas1  
conchas1 pisces optime praeparatos1     
aviculas1 testiculos animalium1 ova1    
condimenta diversorum generum1 molles   
lectos1 pulvinaria1 c4 ,et quicquid fere
 medici impotentia rei venereae         
laboranti praescribunt1 hoc quasi       
diasatyrion habent in delitiis1 et his  
dapes multo delicatiores2 mulsum1       
exquisitas et exoticas fruges1 aromata1 
placentas1 expressos succos multis      
ferculis variatos1 ipsumque vinum       
suavitate vincentes1 et quicquid culina1
 pharmacopaea1 aut quaeque fere officina

 subministrare possit4 ,et hoc plerumque
 victu quum se ganeones infarciant1     
#dgicut ille ob ,chreseida suam1 se     
bulbis et cochleis curavit2 etiam ad    
,venerem se parent1 et ad hanc palestram
 se exerceant1 qui fieri possit1 ut non 
misere depereant1 #dgidut non penitus   
insaniant8 ,aestuans venter cito despuit
 in libidinem1 ,hieronymus ait4         
#dgie,post prandia1 ,callyroenda4 ,quis 
enim continere se potest8               
#dgif,luxuriosa res vinum1 fomentum     
libidinis vocat ,augustinus1 blandum    
daemonem1 ,bernardus2 lac veneris1      
,aristophanes4 ,non ,aetna1 non         
,vesuvius tantis ardoribus aestuant1 ac 
juveniles medullae vino plenae1 addit   
#dgig;,hieronymus3 unde ob optimum vinum
 ,lamsacus olim ,priapo sacer3 et       
venerandi ,bacchi socia apud #dgih      
,orpheum ,venus audit4 ,haec si vinum   
simplex1 et per se sumptum praestare    
possit1 nam--#dgiiquo me ,bacche rapis  
tui plenum8 quam non insaniam1 quem non 
furorem a caeteris expectemus8          

#dhjj;,gomesius salem enumerat inter ea 
quae intempstivam libidinem provocare   
solent1 et salatiores fieri foeminas ob 
esum salis contendit3 ,venerem ideo     
dicunt ab ,oceano ortam4 #dhja,unde tot 
in ,veneta scortorum millia cur stint8  
,in promptu causa est1 est ,venus orta  
mari4  ,et hinc foeta mater ,salacea    
,oceani conjux1 verbumque fortasse salax
 a sale effluxit4 ,mala ,bacchica tantum
 olim in amoribus praevaluerunt1 ut     
coronae ex illis statuae ,bacchi        
ponerentur4 #dhjb;,cubebis in vino      
maceratis utuntur ,indi ,orientales ad  
,venerem excitandum1 et #dhjc,surax     
radice ,africani4 ,chinae radix eosdem  
effectus habet1 talisque herbae meminit 
mag4 nat4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #af4            
#dhjd;,baptista ,porta ex ,india        
allatae1 cujus mentionem facit et       
,theophrastus4 ,sed infinita his similia
 apud ,rhasin1 ,matthiolum1 ,mizaldum1  
caeterosque medicos occurrunt1 quorum   
ideo mentionem feci1 ne quis imperitior 
in hos scopulas impingat1 sed pro virili

 tanquam syrtes et cautes consulto      
effugiat4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,other     
causes of ,love-,melancholy1 ,sight1    
,being from the ,face1 ,eyes1 other     
parts1 and how it pierceth4  ,many such 
causes may be reckoned up1 but they     
cannot avail1 except opportunity be     
offered of time1 place1 and those other 
beautiful objects1 or artificial        
enticements1 as kissing1 conference1    
discourse1 gestures concur1 with such   
like lascivious provocations4           
,kornmannus1 in his book de linea       
amoris1 makes five degrees of lust1 out 
of #dhje,lucian belike1 which he handles
 in five chapters1 ,visus1 ,colloquium1 
,convictus1 ,oscula1 ,tactus4           
#dhjf,sight1 of all other1 is the first 
step of this unruly love1 though        
sometime it be prevented by relation or 
hearing1 or rather incensed4 ,for there 
be those so apt1 credulous1 and facile  
to love1 that if they hear of a proper  
man1 or woman1 they are in love before  
they see them1 and that merely by       

relation1 as ,achilles ,tatius observes4
 #dhjg,such is their intemperance and   
lust1 that they are as much maimed by   
report1 as if they saw them4            
,callisthenes a rich young gentleman of 
,byzance in ,thrace1 hearing of         
#dhjh,leucippe1 ,sostratus' fair        
daughter1 was far in love with her1 and1
 out of fame and common rumour1 so much 
incensed1 that he would needs have her  
to be his wife4 ,and sometimes by       
reading they are so affected1 as he in  
#dhji,lucian confesseth of himself1 ,i  
never read that place of ,panthea in    
,xenophon1 but ,i am as much affected as
 if ,i were present with her4 ,such     
persons commonly #dhaj;feign a kind of  
beauty to themselves2 and so did those  
three gentlewomen in #dhaa;,balthazar   
,castilio fall in love with a young man 
whom they never knew1 but only heard him
 commended3 or by reading of a letter2  
for there is a grace cometh from        
hearing1 #dhab as a moral philosopher   
informeth us1 as well from sight2 and   

the species of love are received into   
the fantasy by relation alone3 #dhacut  
cupere ab aspectu1 sic velle ab auditu1 
both senses affect4 ,interdum et        
absentes amamus1 sometimes we love those
 that are absent1 saith ,philostratus1  
and gives instance in his friend        
,athenodorus1 that loved a maid at      
,corinth whom he never saw2 non oculi   
sed mens videt1 we see with the eyes of 
our understanding4 ,but the most        
familiar and usual cause of love is that
 which comes by sight1 which conveys    
those admirable rays of beauty and      
pleasing graces to the heart4 ,plotinus 
derives love from sight1  quasi 4       
#dhad,si nescis1 oculi sunt in amore    
duces1 the eyes are the harbingers of   
love1 and the first step of love is     
sight1 as #dhae,lilius ,giraldus proves 
at large1 hist4 deor4 syntag4 #ac4 they 
as two sluices let in the influences of 
that divine1 powerful1 soul-ravishing1  
and captivating beauty1 which1 as       
#dhafone saith1 is sharper than any dart

 or needle1 wounds deeper into the      
heart2 and opens a gap through our eyes 
to that lovely wound1 which pierceth the
 soul itself 7,ecclus4 #ah47 ,through it
 love is kindled like a fire4 ,this     
amazing1 confounding1 admirable1 amiable
 beauty1 #dhagthan which in all nature's
 treasure 7saith ,isocrates7 there is   
nothing so majestical and sacred1       
nothing so divine1 lovely1 precious1    
'tis nature's crown1 gold and glory2    
bonum si non summum1 de summis tamen non
 infrequenter triumphans1 whose power   
hence may be discerned2 we contemn and  
abhor generally such things as are foul 
and ugly to behold1 account them filthy1
 but love and covet that which is fair4 
',tis #dhah beauty in all things which  
pleaseth and allureth us1 a fair hawk1 a
 fine garment1 a goodly building1 a fair
 house1 c4 ,that ,persian ,xerxes when  
he destroyed all those temples of the   
gods in ,greece1 caused that of ,diana1 
in integrum servari1 to be spared alone 
for that excellent beauty and           

magnificence of it4 ,inanimate beauty   
can so command4 ',tis that which        
painters1 artificers1 orators1 all aim  
at1 as ,eriximachus the physician1 in   
,plato contends1 #dhai;,it was beauty   
first that ministered occasion to art1  
to find out the knowledge of carving1   
painting1 building1 to find out models1 
perspectives1 rich furnitures1 and so   
many rare inventions4 ,whiteness in the 
lily1 red in the rose1 purple in the    
violet1 a lustre in all things without  
life1 the clear light of the moon1 the  
bright beams of the sun1 splendour of   
gold1 purple1 sparkling diamond1 the    
excellent feature of the horse1 the     
majesty of the lion1 the colour of      
birds1 peacock's tails1 the silver      
scales of fish1 we behold with singular 
delight and admiration4 #dhbj;,and which
 is rich in plants1 delightful in       
flowers1 wonderful in beasts1 but most  
glorious in men1 doth make us affect and
 earnestly desire it1 as when we hear   
any sweet harmony1 an eloquent tongue1  

see any excellent quality1 curious work 
of man1 elaborate art1 or aught that is 
exquisite1 there ariseth instantly in us
 a longing for the same4 ,we love such  
men1 but most part for comeliness of    
person1 we call them gods and goddesses1
 divine1 serene1 happy1 c4 ,and of all  
mortal men they alone                   
7#dhba;,calcagninus holds7 are free from
 calumny2 qui divitiis1 magistratu et   
gloria florent1 injuria lacessimus1 we  
backbite1 wrong1 hate renowned1 rich1   
and happy men1 we repine at their       
felicity1 they are undeserving we think1
 fortune is a stepmother to us1 a parent
 to them4 ,we envy 7saith               
#dhbb;,isocrates7 wise1 just1 honest    
men1 except with mutual offices and     
kindnesses1 some good turn or other1    
they extort this love from us2 only fair
 persons we love at first sight1 desire 
their acquaintance1 and adore them as so
 many gods3 we had rather serve them    
than command others1 and account        
ourselves the more beholding to them1   

the more service they enjoin us3 though 
they be otherwise vicious1 dishonest1 we
 love them1 favour them1 and are ready  
to do them any good office for their    
#dhbc;beauty's sake1 though they have no
 other good quality beside4 ,dic igitur 
o fomose1 adolescens 7as that eloquent  
,phavorinus breaks out in #dhbd,stobeus7
 dic ,autiloque1 suavius nectare        
loqueris2 dic o ,telemache1 vehementius 
,ulysse dicis2 dic ,alcibiades utcunque 
ebrius1 libentius tibi licet ebrio      
auscultabimus4 ,speak1 fair youth1 speak
 ,autiloquus1 thy words are sweeter than
 nectar1 speak ,o ,telemachus1 thou art 
more powerful than ,ulysses1 speak      
,alcibiades though drunk1 we will       
willingly hear thee as thou art4 ,faults
 in such are no faults3 for when the    
said ,alcibiades had stolen ,anytus his 
gold and silver plate1 he was so far    
from prosecuting so foul a fact 7though 
every man else condemned his impudence  
and insolency7 that he wished it had    
been more1 and much better 7he loved him

 dearly7 for his sweet sake4 ,no worth  
is eminent in such lovely persons1 all  
imperfections hid2 non enim facile de   
his quos plurimum diligimus1            
turpitudinem suspicamur1 for hearing1   
sight1 touch1 c41 our mind and all our  
senses are captivated1 omnes sensus     
formosus delectat4 ,many men have been  
preferred for their person alone1 chosen
 kings1 as amongst the ,indians1        
,persians1 ,ethiopians of old2 the      
properest man of person the country     
could afford1 was elected their         
sovereign lord2 ,gratior est pulchro    
veniens e corpore virtus1 #dhbe;and so  
have many other nations thought and     
done1 as #dhbf;,curtius observes3       
,ingens enim in corporis majestate      
veneratio est1 for there is a majestical
 presence in such men2 and so far was   
beauty adored amongst them1 that no man 
was thought fit to reign1 that was not  
in all parts complete and supereminent4 
,agis1 king of ,lacedaemon1 had like to 
have been deposed1 because he married a 

little wife1 they would not have their  
royal issue degenerate4 ,who would ever 
have thought that ,adrian' the ,fourth1 
an ,english monk's bastard 7as          
#dhbg,papirius ,massovius writes in his 
life71 inops a suis relectus1 squalidus 
et miser1 a poor forsaken child1 should 
ever come to be pope of ,rome8 ,but why 
was it8 ,erat acri ingenio1 facundia    
expedita eleganti corpore1 facieque     
laeta ac hilari1 7as he follows it out  
of #dhbh,nubrigensis1 for he ploughs    
with his heifer17 he was wise1 learned1 
eloquent1 of a pleasant1 a promising    
countenance1 a goodly1 proper man2 he   
had1 in a word1 a winning look of his   
own1 and that carried it1 for that he   
was especially advanced4 ,so ,saul was a
 goodly person and a fair4 ,maximinus   
elected emperor1 c4 ,branchus the son of
 ,apollo1 whom he begot of ,jance1      
,succron's daughter 7saith ,lactantius71
 when he kept ,king ,admetus' herds in  
,thessaly1 now grown a man1 was an      
earnest suitor to his mother to know his

 father2 the nymph denied him1 because  
,apollo had conjured her to the         
contrary2 yet overcome by his           
importunity at last she sent him to his 
father2 when he came into ,apollo's     
presence1 malas ,dei reverenter         
osculatus1 he carried himself so well1  
and was so fair a young man1 that       
,apollo was infinitely taken with the   
beauty of his person1 he could scarce   
look off him1 and said he was worthy of 
such parents1 gave him a crown of gold1 
the spirit of divination1 and in        
conclusion made him a demigod4 ,o vis   
superba formae1 a goddess beauty is1    
whom the very gods adore1 nam pulchros  
dii amant2 she is ,amoris domina1 love's
 harbinger1 love's loadstone1 a witch1 a
 charm1 c4 ,beauty is a dower of itself1
 a sufficient patrimony1 an ample       
commendation1 an accurate epistle1 as   
#dhbi,lucian1 #dhcj;,apuleius1          
,tiraquellus1 and some others conclude4 
,imperio digna forma1 beauty deserves a 
kingdom1 saith ,abulensis1 paradox4 #b4 

cap4 #aaj4 immortality2 and #dhcamore   
have got this honour and eternity for   
their beauty1 than for all other virtues
 besides3 and such as are fair1 are     
worthy to be honoured of ,god and men4  
,that ,idalian ,ganymede was therefore  
fetched by ,jupiter into heaven1        
,hephaestion dear to ,alexander1        
,antinous to ,adrian4 ,plato calls      
beauty for that cause a privilege of    
nature1 ,naturae gaudentis opus1        
nature's masterpiece1 a dumb comment2   
,theophrastus1 a silent fraud2 still    
rhetoric ,carneades1 that persuades     
without speech1 a kingdom without a     
guard1 because beautiful persons command
 as so many captains2 ,socrates1 a      
tyranny1 which tyranniseth over tyrants 
themselves2 which made ,diogenes belike 
call proper women queens1 quod facerent 
homines quae praeciperent1 because men  
were so obedient to their commands4     
,they will adore1 cringe1 compliment1   
and bow to a common wench 7if she be    
fair7 as if she were a noble woman1 a   

countess1 a queen1 or a goddess4 ,those 
intemperate young men of ,greece erected
 at ,delphos a golden image with        
infinite cost1 to the eternal memory of 
,phryne the courtesan1 as ,aelian       
relates1 for she was a most beautiful   
woman1 insomuch1 saith #dhcb;,athenaeus1
 that ,apelles and ,praxiteles drew     
,venus's picture from her4 ,thus young  
men will adore and honour beauty2 nay   
kings themselves ,i say will do it1 and 
voluntarily submit their sovereignty to 
a lovely woman4 ,wine is strong1 kings  
are strong1 but a woman strongest1 #a   
,esd4 iv4 #aj4 as ,zerobabel proved at  
large to ,king ,darius1 his princes and 
noblemen4 ,kings sit still and command  
sea and land1 c41 all pay tribute to the
 king2 but women make kings pay tribute1
 and have dominion over them4 ,when they
 have got gold and silver1 they submit  
all to a beautiful woman1 give          
themselves wholly to her1 gape and gaze 
on her1 and all men desire her more than
 gold or silver1 or any precious thing3 

they will leave father and mother1 and  
venture their lives for her1 labour and 
travel to get1 and bring all their gains
 to women1 steal1 fight1 and spoil for  
their mistress's sake4 ,and no king so  
strong1 but a fair woman is stronger    
than he is4 ,all things 7as #dhcc;he    
proceeds7 fear to touch the king2 yet ,i
 saw him and ,apame his concubine1 the  
daughter of the famous ,bartacus1       
sitting on the right hand of the king1  
and she took the crown off his head1 and
 put it on her own1 and stroke him with 
her left hand2 yet the king gaped and   
gazed on her1 and when she laughed he   
laughed1 and when she was angry he      
flattered to be reconciled to her4 ,so  
beauty commands even kings themselves2  
nay whole armies and kingdoms are       
captivated together with their kings3   
#dhcd;,forma vincit armatos1 ferrum     
pulchritudo captivat2 vincentur specie1 
qui non vincentur proelio4 ,and 'tis a  
great matter saith #dhce,xenophon1 and  
of which all fair persons may worthily  

brag1 that a strong man must labour for 
his living if he will have aught1 a     
valiant man must fight and endanger     
himself for it1 a wise man speak1 show  
himself1 and toil2 but a fair and       
beautiful person doth all with ease1 he 
compasseth his desire without any       
pains-taking3 ,god and men1 heaven and  
earth conspire to honour him2 every one 
pities him above other1 if he be in     
need1 #dhcf;and all the world is willing
 to do him good4 #dhcg;,chariclea fell  
into the hand of pirates1 but when all  
the rest were put to the edge of the    
sword1 she alone was preserved for her  
person4 #dhch,when ,constantinople was  
sacked by the ,turk1 ,irene escaped1 and
 was so far from being made a captive1  
that she even captivated the ,grand     
,signior himself4 ,so did ,rosamond     
insult over ,king ,henry the ,second4   
#dhci------;,i was so fair an object2   
,whom fortune made my king1 my love made
 subject2 ,he found by proof the        
privilege of beauty1 ,that it had power 

to countermand all duty4  ,it captivates
 the very gods themselves1 ,morosiora   
numina1 #dhdj------;,deus ipse deorum   
,factus ob hanc formam bos1 equus imber 
olor4  ,and those mali genii are taken  
with it1 as #dhda;,i have already       
proved4 ,formosam ,barbari verentur1 et 
ad spectum pulchrum immanis animus      
mansuescit4 7,heliodor4 lib4 #e47 ,the  
barbarians stand in awe of a fair woman1
 and at a beautiful aspect a fierce     
spirit is pacified4 ,for when as ,troy  
was taken1 and the wars ended 7as       
,clemens #dhdb;,alexandrinus quotes out 
of ,euripides7 angry ,menelaus with rage
 and fury armed1 came with his sword    
drawn1 to have killed ,helen1 with his  
own hands1 as being the sole cause of   
all those wars and miseries3 but when he
 saw her fair face1 as one amazed at her
 divine beauty1 he let his weapon fall1 
and embraced her besides1 he had no     
power to strike so sweet a creature4    
,ergo habetantur enses pulchritudine1   
the edge of a sharp sword 7as the saying

 is7 is dulled with a beautiful aspect1 
and severity itself is overcome4        
,hiperides the orator1 when ,phryne his 
client was accused at ,athens for her   
lewdness1 used no other defence in her  
cause1 but tearing her upper garment1   
disclosed her naked breast to the       
judges1 with which comeliness of her    
body and amiable gesture they were so   
moved and astonished1 that they did     
acquit her forthwith1 and let her go4 ,o
 noble piece of justice6 mine author    
exclaims3 and who is he that would not  
rather lose his seat and robes1 forfeit 
his office1 than give sentence against  
the majesty of beauty8 ,such            
prerogatives have fair persons1 and they
 alone are free from danger4            
,parthenopaeus was so lovely and fair1  
that when he fought in the ,theban wars1
 if his face had been by chance bare1 no
 enemy would offer to strike at or hurt 
him1 such immunities hath beauty4       
,beasts themselves are moved with it4   
,sinalda was a woman of such excellent  

feature1 #dhdc;and a queen1 that when   
she was to be trodden on by wild horses 
for a punishment1 the wild beasts stood 
in admiration of her person1 7,saxo     
,grammaticus lib4 #h4 ,dan4 hist47 and  
would not hurt her4 ,wherefore did that 
royal virgin in #dhdd;,apuleius1 when   
she fled from the thieves' den1 in a    
desert1 make such an apostrophe to her  
ass on whom she rode2 7for what knew she
 to the contrary1 but that he was an    
ass87 ,si me parentibus et proco formoso
 reddideris1 quas1 tibi gratias1 quos   
honores habebo1 quos cibos exhibebo8    
#dhde,she would comb him1 dress him1    
feed him1 and trick him every day       
herself1 and he should work no more1    
toil no more1 but rest and play1 c4 ,and
 besides she would have a dainty picture
 drawn1 in perpetual remembrance1 a     
virgin riding upon an ass's back with   
this motto1 ,asino vectore regia virgo  
fugiens captivitatem2 why said she all  
this8 why did she make such promises to 
a dumb beast8 but that she perceived the

 poor ass to be taken with her beauty1  
for he did often obliquo collo pedes    
puellae decoros basiare1 kiss her feet  
as she rode1 et ad delicatulas voculas  
tentabat adhinnire1 offer to give       
consent as much as in him was to her    
delicate speeches1 and besides he had   
some feeling1 as she conceived of her   
misery4 ,and why did ,theogine's horse  
in ,heliodorus #dhdf;curvet1 prance1 and
 go so proudly1 exultans alacriter et   
superbiens1 c41 but that such as mine   
author supposeth1 he was in love with   
his master8 dixisses ipsum equum        
pulchrum intelligere pulchram domini    
fomam8 ,a fly lighted on #dhdg          
,malthius' cheek as he lay asleep2 but  
why8 ,not to hurt him1 as a parasite of 
his1 standing by1 well perceived1 non ut
 pungeret1 sed ut oscularetur1 but      
certainly to kiss him1 as ravished with 
his divine looks4 ,inanimate creatures1 
,i suppose1 have a touch of this4 ,when 
a drop of #dhdh,psyche's candle fell on 
,cupid's shoulder1 ,i think sure it was 

to kiss it4 ,when ,venus ran to meet her
 rose-cheeked ,adonis1 as an elegant    
#dhdipoet of our's sets her out1        
------the bushes in the way ,some catch 
her neck1 some kiss her face1 ,some     
twine about her legs to make her stay1  
,and all did covet her for to embrace4  
,aer ipse amore inficitur1 as           
,heliodorus holds1 the air itself is in 
love3 for when ,hero plaid upon her     
lute1 #dhej,the wanton air in twenty    
sweet forms danc't ,after her           
fingers------  and those lascivious     
winds stayed ,daphne when she fled from 
,apollo2 #dhea------nudabant corpora    
venti1 ,obviaque adversas vibrabant     
flamina vestes4  ,boreas ,ventus loved  
,hyacinthus1 and ,orithya ,ericthons's  
daughter of ,athens3 vi rapuit1 c4 he   
took her away by force1 as she was      
playing with other wenches at ,ilissus1 
and begat ,zetes and ,galias his two    
sons of her4 ,that seas and waters are  
enamoured with this our beauty1 is all  
out as likely as that of the air and    

winds2 for when ,leander swam in the    
,hellespont1 ,neptune with his trident  
did beat down the waves1 but ,they still
 mounted up intending to have kiss'd    
him4 ,and fell in drops like tears      
because they missed him4  ,the          
#dhebriver ,alpheus was in love with    
,arethusa1 as she tells the tale        
herself1 #dhec------viridesque manu     
siccata capillos1 ,fluminis ,alphei     
veteres recitavit amores2 ,pars ego     
,nympharum1 c4  ,when our ,thame and    
,isis meet #dhed,oscula mille sonant1   
connexu brachia pallent1 ,mutuaque      
explicitis connectunt colla lacertis4   
,inachus and ,pineus1 and how many      
loving rivers can ,i reckon up1 whom    
beauty hath enthralled6 ,i say nothing  
all this while of idols themselves that 
have committed idolatry in this kind1 of
 looking-glasses1 that have been rapt in
 love 7if you will believe #dheepoets71 
when their ladies and mistresses looked 
on to dress them4 ,et si non habeo      
sensum1 tua gratia sensum ,exhibet1 et  

calidi sentio amoris onus4 ,dirigis huc 
quoties spectantia lumina1 flamma       
,succendunt inopi saucia membra mihi4   
,though ,i no sense at all of feeling   
have4 ,yet your sweet looks do animate  
and save2 ,and when your speaking eyes  
do this way turn1 ,methinks my wounded  
members live and burn4  ,i could tell   
you such another story of a spindle that
 was fired by a fair lady's #dheflooks1 
or fingers1 some say1 ,i know not well  
whether1 but fired it was by report1 and
 of a cold bath that suddenly smoked1   
and was very hot when naked ,coelia came
 into it1 ,miramur quis sit tantus et   
unde vapor1 #dheg;c4 ,but of all the    
tales in this kind1 that is the most    
memorable of #dheh;,death himself1 when 
he should have strucken a sweet young   
virgin with his dart1 he fell in love   
with the object4 ,many more such could  
,i relate which are to be believed with 
a poetical faith4 ,so dumb and dead     
creatures dote1 but men are mad1        
stupefied many times at the first sight 

of beauty1 amazed1 #dhei;as that        
fisherman in ,aristaenetus that spied a 
maid bathing herself by the seaside1    
#dhfj,soluta mihi sunt omnia membra-- ,a
 capite ad calcem4 sensusque omnis      
periit ,de pectore1 tam immensus stupor 
animam invasit mihi4  ,and as           
#dhfa,lucian1 in his images1 confesses  
of himself1 that he was at his          
mistress's presence void of all sense1  
immovable1 as if he had seen a ,gorgon's
 head3 which was no such cruel monster  
7as #dhfb;,coelius interprets it1 lib4  
#c4 cap4 #i471 but the very quintessence
 of beauty1 some fair creature1 as      
without doubt the poet understood in the
 first fiction of it1 at which the      
spectators were amazed4 #dhfc,miseri    
quibus intentata nites1 poor wretches   
are compelled at the very sight of her  
ravishing looks to run mad1 or make away
 with themselves4 #dhfd,they wait the   
sentence of her scornful eyes2 ,and whom
 she favours lives1 the other dies4     
#dhfe;,heliodorus1 lib4 #a4 brings in   

,thyamis almost besides himself1 when he
 saw ,chariclia first1 and not daring to
 look upon her a second time1 for he    
thought it impossible for any man living
 to see her and contain himself4 ,the   
very fame of beauty will fetch them to  
it many miles off 7such an attractive   
power this loadstone hath71 and they    
will seem but short1 they will undertake
 any toil or trouble1 #dhfflong         
journeys4 ,penia or ,atalanta shall not 
overgo them1 through seas1 deserts1     
mountains1 and dangerous places1 as they
 did to gaze on ,psyche3 many mortal men
 came far and near to see that glorious 
object of her age1 ,paris for ,helena1  
,corebus to ,troja4 ------,illis ,trojam
 qui forte diebus ,venerat insano       
,cassandrae insensus amore4  who        
inflamed with a violent passion for     
,cassandra1 happened then to be in      
,troy4 ,king ,john of ,france1 once     
prisoner in ,england1 came to visit his 
old friends again1 crossing the seas2   
but the truth is1 his coming was to see 

the ,countess of ,salisbury1 the        
nonpareil of those times1 and his dear  
mistress4 ,that infernal ,god ,pluto    
came from hell itself1 to steal         
,proserpine2 ,achilles left all his     
friends for ,polixena's sake1 his       
enemy's daughter2 and all the           
#dhfg;,graecian gods forsook their      
heavenly mansions for that fair lady1   
,philo ,dioneus daughter's sake1 the    
paragon of ,greece in those days2 ea    
enim venustate fuit1 ut eam certatim    
omnes dii conjugem expeterent3 for she  
was of such surpassing beauty1 that all 
the gods contended for her love4        
#dhfh;,formosa divis imperat puella4    
,the beautiful maid commands the gods4  
,they will not only come to see1 but as 
a falcon makes a hungry hawk hover      
about1 follow1 give attendance and      
service1 spend goods1 lives1 and all    
their fortunes to attain2 ,were beauty  
under twenty locks kept fast1 ,yet love 
breaks through1 and picks them all at   
last4  ,when fair #dhfi;,hero came      

abroad1 the eyes1 hearts1 and affections
 of her spectators were still attendant 
on her4 #dhgj;,et medios inter vultus   
supereminet omnes1 ,perque urbem        
aspiciunt venientem numinis instar4     
#dhga,so far above the rest fair ,hero  
shined4 ,and stole away the enchanted   
gazer's mind4  #dhgb,when ,peter        
,aretine's ,lucretia came first to      
,rome1 and that the fame of her beauty1 
ad urbanarum deliciarum sectatores      
venerat1 nemo non ad videndam eam1 c4   
was spread abroad1 they came in 7as they
 say7 thick and threefold to see her1   
and hovered about her gates1 as they did
 of old to ,lais of ,corinth1 and       
,phryne of ,thebes1 #dhgc;,ad cujus     
jacuit ,graecia tota fores1 at whose    
gates lay all ,greece4 #dhgd;,every man 
sought to get her love1 some with       
gallant and costly apparel1 some with an
 affected pace1 some with music1 others 
with rich gifts1 pleasant discourse1    
multitude of followers2 others with     
letters1 vows1 and promises1 to commend 

themselves1 and to be gracious in her   
eyes4 ,happy was he that could see her1 
thrice happy that enjoyed her company4  
,charmides #dhge;in ,plato was a proper 
young man in comeliness of person1 and  
all good qualities1 far exceeding       
others2 whensoever fair ,charmides came 
abroad1 they seemed all to be in love   
with him 7as ,critias describes their   
carriage71 and were troubled at the very
 sight of him2 many came near him1 many 
followed him wheresoever he went1 as    
those #dhgf;formarum spectatores did    
,acontius1 if at any time he walked     
abroad3 the ,athenian lasses stared on  
,alcibiades2 ,sappho and the ,mitilenean
 women on ,phaon the fair4 ,such lovely 
sights do not only please1 entice1 but  
ravish and amaze4 ,cleonimus1 a delicate
 and tender youth1 present at a feast   
which ,androcles his uncle made in      
,piraeo at ,athens1 when he sacrificed  
to ,mercury1 so stupefied the guests1   
,dineas1 ,aristippus1 ,agasthenes1 and  
the rest 7as ,charidemus in #dhgg,lucian

 relates it71 that they could not eat   
their meat1 they sat all supper time    
gazing1 glancing at him1 stealing looks1
 and admiring of his beauty4 ,many will 
condemn these men that are so enamoured1
 for fools2 but some again commend them 
for it2 many reject ,paris's judgment1  
and yet ,lucian approves of it1 admiring
 ,paris for his choice2 he would have   
done as much himself1 and by good desert
 in his mind3 beauty is to be preferred 
#dhgh;before wealth or wisdom4          
#dhgi;,athenaeus ,deipnosophist1 lib4   
#ac4 cap4 #g1 holds it not such         
indignity for the ,trojans and ,greeks  
to contend ten years1 to spend so much  
labour1 lose so many men's lives for    
,helen's sake1 #dhhj;for so fair a      
lady's sake1 ,ob talem uxorem cui       
praestantissima forma1 ,nil mortale     
refert4  ,that one woman was worth a    
kingdom1 a hundred thousand other women1
 a world itself4 ,well might            
#dhha,sterpsichores be blind for carping
 at so fair a creature1 and a just      

punishment it was4 ,the same testimony  
gives ,homer of the old men of ,troy1   
that were spectators of that single     
combat between ,paris and ,menelaus at  
the ,seian gate1 when ,helen stood in   
presence2 they said all1 the war was    
worthily prolonged and undertaken       
#dhhb;for her sake4 ,the very gods      
themselves 7as ,homer and               
#dhhc;,isocrates record7 fought more for
 ,helen1 than they did against the      
giants4 ,when #dhhd,venus lost her son  
,cupid1 she made proclamation by        
,mercury1 that he that could bring      
tidings of him should have seven kisses2
 a noble reward some say1 and much      
better than so many golden talents2     
seven such kisses to many men were more 
precious than seven cities1 or so many  
provinces4 ,one such a kiss alone would 
recover a man if he were a dying1       
#dhhe,suaviolum ,stygia sic te de valle 
reducet1 c4 ,great ,alexander married   
,roxanne1 a poor man's child1 only for  
her person4 #dhhf',twas well done of    

,alexander1 and heroically done2 ,i     
admire him for it4 ,orlando was mad for 
,angelica1 and who doth not condole his 
mishap8 ,thisbe died for ,pyramus1 ,dido
 for ,aeneas2 who doth not weep1 as     
7before his conversion7 #dhhg;,austin   
did in commiseration of her estate6 she 
died for him2 methinks 7as he said7 ,i  
could die for her4 ,but this is not the 
matter in hand2 what prerogative this   
beauty hath1 of what power and          
sovereignty it is1 and how far such     
persons that so much admire1 and dote   
upon it1 are to be justified2 no man    
doubts of these matters2 the question   
is1 how and by what means beauty        
produceth this effect8 ,by sight3 the   
eye betrays the soul1 and is both active
 and passive in this business2 it wounds
 and is wounded1 is an especial cause   
and instrument1 both in the subject and 
in the object4 #dhhh;,as tears1 it      
begins in the eyes1 descends to the     
breast2 it conveys these beauteous rays1
 as ,i have said1 unto the heart4 ,ut   

vidi ut perii4 #dhhi,mars videt hanc1   
visamque cupit4 ,schechem saw ,dinah the
 daughter of ,leah1 and defiled her1    
,gen4 xxxiv4 #c4 ,jacob1 ,rachel1 xxix4 
#ag1 for she was beautiful and fair4    
,david spied ,bathsheba afar off1 #b    
,sam4 xi4 #b4 ,the ,elders1 ,susanna1   
#dhij;as that ,orthomenian ,strato saw  
fair ,aristoclea daughter of            
,theophanes1 bathing herself at that    
,hercyne well in ,lebadea1 and were     
captivated in an instant4 ,viderunt     
oculi1 rapuerunt pectora flammae2 ,ammon
 fell sick for ,thamar's sake1 #b ,sam4 
xiii4 #b4 ,the beauty of ,esther was    
such1 that she found favour not only in 
the sight of ,ahasuerus1 but of all     
those that looked upon her4 ,gerson1    
,origen1 and some others1 contended that
 ,christ himself was the fairest of the 
sons of men1 and ,joseph next unto him1 
speciosus prae filiis hominum1 and they 
will have it literally taken2 his very  
person was such1 that he found grace and
 favour of all those that looked upon   

him4 ,joseph was so fair1 that1 as the  
ordinary gloss hath it1 filiae          
decurrerent per murum1 et ad fenestras1 
they ran to the top of the walls and to 
the windows to gaze on him1 as we do    
commonly to see some great personage go 
by3 and so ,matthew ,paris describes    
,matilda the ,empress going through     
,cullen4 #dhia,p4 ,morales the ,jesuit  
saith as much of the ,virgin ,mary4     
,antony no sooner saw ,cleopatra1 but1  
saith ,appian1 lib4 #a1 he was enamoured
 of her4 #dhib,theseus at the first     
sight of ,helen was so besotted1 that he
 esteemed himself the happiest man in   
the world if he might enjoy her1 and to 
that purpose kneeled down1 and made his 
pathetical prayers unto the gods4       
#dhic;,charicles1 by chance1 espying    
that curious picture of smiling ,venus  
naked in her temple1 stood a great while
 gazing1 as one amazed2 at length1 he   
brake into that mad passionate speech1  
,o fortunate god ,mars1 that wast bound 
in chains1 and made ridiculous for her  

sake6 ,he could not contain himself1 but
 kissed her picture1 ,i know not how    
oft1 and heartily desired to be so      
disgraced as ,mars was4 ,and what did he
 that his betters had not done before   
him8 #dhid------;atque aliquis de diis  
non tristibus optat ,sic fieri          
turpis------  ,when ,venus came first to
 heaven1 her comeliness was such1 that  
7as mine author saith7 #dhie;all the    
gods came flocking about1 and saluted   
her1 each of them went to ,jupiter1 and 
desired he might have her to be his     
wife4 ,when fair #dhif;,antilochus came 
in presence1 as a candle in the dark his
 beauty shined1 all men's eyes 7as      
,xenophon describes the manner of it7   
were instantly fixed on him1 and moved  
at the sight1 insomuch that they could  
not conceal themselves1 but in gesture  
or looks it was discerned and expressed4
 ,those other senses1 hearing1 touching1
 may much penetrate and affect1 but none
 so much1 none so forcible as sight4    
,forma ,briseis mediis in armis movit   

,achillem1 ,achilles was moved in the   
midst of a battle by fair ,briseis1     
,ajax by ,tecmessa2 ,judith captivated  
that great ,captain ,holofernes3        
,dalilah1 ,samson2 ,rosamund1           
#dhig;,henry the ,second2 ,roxolana1    
,suleiman the ,magnificent1 c4 #dhih    
4  ,a fair woman overcomes fire and     
sword4 #dhii,nought under heaven so     
strongly doth allure ,the sense of man  
and all his mind possess1 ,as beauty's  
loveliest bait1 that doth procure ,great
 warriors erst their rigour to suppress1
 ,and mighty hands forget their         
manliness1 ,driven with the power of an 
heart-burning eye1 ,and lapt in flowers 
of a golden tress4 ,that can with       
melting pleasure mollify ,their harden'd
 hearts inur'd to cruelty4              
#dijj;,clitiphon ingenuously confesseth1
 that he no sooner came in ,leucippe's  
presence1 but that he did corde tremere1
 et oculis lascivius intueri2 #dija;he  
was wounded at the first sight1 his     
heart panted1 and he could not possibly 

turn his eyes from her4 ,so doth        
,calysiris in ,heliodorus1 lib4 #b4     
,isis ,priest1 a reverend old man1      
complain1 who by chance at ,memphis     
seeing that ,thracian ,rodophe1 might   
not hold his eyes off her3 #dijb;,i will
 not conceal it1 she overcame me with   
her presence1 and quite assaulted my    
continency which ,i had kept unto mine  
old age2 ,i resisted a long time my     
bodily eyes with the eyes of my         
understanding2 at last ,i was conquered1
 and as in a tempest carried headlong4  
#dijc ,xenophiles1 a philosopher1 railed
 at women downright for many years      
together1 scorned1 hated1 scoffed at    
them2 coming at last into ,daphnis a    
fair maid's company 7as he condoles his 
mishap to his friend ,demaritis71 though
 free before1 ,intactus nullis ante     
cupidinibus1 was far in love1 and quite 
overcome upon a sudden4 ,victus sum     
fateor a ,daphnide1 c4 ,i confess ,i am 
taken1 #dijd,sola haec inflexit sensus1 
animumque labentem ,impulit------  ,i   

could hold out no longer4 ,such another 
mishap1 but worse1 had ,stratocles the  
physician1 that blear-eyed old man1 muco
 plenus 7so #dije,prodromus describes   
him72 he was a severe woman's-hater all 
his life1 foeda et contumeliosa semper  
in faeminas profatus1 a bitter          
persecutor of the whole sex1 humanas    
aspides et viperas appellabat1 he       
forswore them all still1 and mocked them
 wheresoever he came1 in such vile      
terms1 ut matrem et sorores odisses1    
that if thou hadst heard him1 thou      
wouldst have loathed thine own mother   
and sisters for his word's sake4 ,yet   
this old doting fool was taken at last  
with that celestial and divine look of  
,myrilla1 the daughter of ,anticles the 
gardener1 that smirking wench1 that he  
shaved off his bushy beard1 painted his 
face1 #dijf;curled his hair1 wore a     
laurel crown to cover his bald pate1 and
 for her love besides was ready to run  
mad4 ,for the very day that he married  
he was so furious1 ut solis occasum     

minus expectare posset 7a terrible1 a   
monstrous long day71 he could not stay  
till it was night1 sed omnibus          
insalutatis in thalamum festinans       
irrupit1 the meat scarce out of his     
mouth1 without any leave taking1 he     
would needs go presently to bed4 ,what  
young man1 therefore1 if old men be so  
intemperate1 can secure himself8 ,who   
can say ,i will not be taken with a     
beautiful object8 ,i can1 ,i will       
contain4 ,no1 saith #dijg,lucian of his 
mistress1 she is so fair1 that if thou  
dost but see her1 she will stupefy thee1
 kill thee straight1 and1 ,medusa like1 
turn thee to a stone2 thou canst not    
pull thine eyes from her1 but1 as an    
adamant doth iron1 she will carry thee  
bound headlong whither she will herself1
 infect thee like a basilisk4 ,it holds 
both in men and women4 ,dido was amazed 
at ,aeneas' presence2 ,obstupuit primo  
aspectu ,sidonia ,dido2 and as he       
feelingly verified out of his           
experience2 #dijh,quam ego postquam     

vidi1 non ita amavi ut sani solent      
,homines1 sed eodem pacto ut insani     
solent4  ,i lov'd her not as others     
soberly1 ,but as a madman rageth1 so did
 ,i4  ,so ,museus of ,leander1 nusquam  
lumen detorquet ab illa2 and            
#diji;,chaucer of ,palamon1 ,he cast his
 eye upon ,emilia1 ,and therewith he    
blent and cried ha1 ha1 ,as though he   
had been stroke unto the hearta4  ,if   
you desire to know more particularly    
what this beauty is1 how it doth        
,influere1 how it doth fascinate 7for1  
as all hold1 love is a fascination71    
thus in brief4 #diaj,this comeliness or 
beauty ariseth from the due proportion  
of the whole1 or from each several part4
 ,for an exact delineation of which1 ,i 
refer you to poets1 historiographers1   
and those amorous writers1 to ,lucian's 
,images1 and ,charidemus1 ,xenophon's   
description of ,panthea1 ,petronius     
,catalectes1 ,heliodorus ,chariclia1    
,tacius ,leucippe1 ,longus ,sophista's  
,daphnis and ,chloe1 ,theodorus         

,prodromus his ,rhodanthes1             
,aristaenetus and ,philostratus         
,epistles1 ,balthazar ,castilio1 lib4   
#d4 de aulico4 ,laurentius1 cap4 #aj1 de
 melan4 ,aeneas ,sylvius his ,lucretia1 
and every poet almost1 which have most  
accurately described a perfect beauty1  
an absolute feature1 and that through   
every member1 both in men and women4    
,each part must concur to the perfection
 of it2 for as ,seneca saith1 ,ep4 #cc4 
lib4 #d4 ,non est formosa mulier cujus  
crus laudatur et brachium1 sed illa     
cujus simul universa facies admirationem
 singulis partibus dedit2 she is no fair
 woman1 whose arm1 thigh1 c4 are        
commended1 except the face and all the  
other parts be correspondent4 ,and the  
face especially gives a lustre to the   
rest3 the face is it that commonly      
denominates a fair or foul3 arx formae  
facies1 the face is beauty's tower2 and 
though the other parts be deformed1 yet 
a good face carries it 7facies non uxor 
amatur7 that alone is most part         

respected1 principally valued1 deliciis 
suis ferox1 and of itself able to       
captivate4 #diaa,urit te ,glycerae      
nitor1 ,urit grata protervitas1 ,et     
vultus nimium lubricus aspici4          
,glycera's too fair a face was it that  
set him on fire1 too fine to be beheld4 
,when #diab;,chaerea saw the singing    
wench's sweet looks1 he was so taken1   
that he cried out1 ,o faciem pulchram1  
deleo omnes dehinc ex animo mulieres1   
taedet quotidianarum harum formarum6 ,o 
fair face1 ,i'll never love any but her1
 look on any other hereafter but her2 ,i
 am weary of these ordinary beauties1   
away with them4 ,the more he sees her1  
the worse he is1--uritque videndo1 as in
 a burning-glass1 the sunbeams are      
re-collected to a centre1 the rays of   
love are projected from her eyes4 ,it   
was ,aeneas's countenance ravished      
,queen ,dido1 ,os humerosque ,deo       
similis1 he had an angelical face4      
#diac,o sacros vultus ,baccho vel       
,apolline dignos1 ,quos vir1 quos tuto  

foemina nulla videt6  ------,o sacred   
looks1 befitting majesty1 ,which never  
mortal wight could safely see4          
,although for the greater part this     
beauty be most eminent in the face1 yet 
many times those other members yield a  
most pleasing grace1 and are alone      
sufficient to enamour4 ,a high brow like
 unto the bright heavens1 coeli         
pulcherrima plaga1 ,frons ubi vivit     
honor1 frons ubi ludit amor1 white and  
smooth like the polished alabaster1 a   
pair of cheeks of vermilion colour1 in  
which love lodgeth2 #diad;,amor qui     
mollibus genis puellae pernoctas3 a     
coral lip1 suaviorum delubrum1 in which 
,basia mille patent1 basia mille latent1
 ,a thousand appear1 as many are        
concealed2 gratiarum sedes gratissima2 a
 sweet-smelling flower1 from which bees 
may gather honey1 #diae,mellilegae      
volucres quid adhuc cava thyma rosasque1
 c4 ,omnes ad dominae labra venite meae1
 ,illa rosas spirat1 c4  ,a white and   
round neck1 that via lactea1 dimple in  

the chin1 black eyebrows1 ,cupidinis    
arcus1 sweet breath1 white and even     
teeth1 which some call the salepiece1 a 
fine soft round pap1 gives an excellent 
grace1 #diaf,quale decus tumidis ,pario 
de marmore mammis6 #diag;and make a     
pleasant valley lacteum sinum1 between  
two chalky hills1 ,sororiantes          
papillulas1 et ad pruritum frigidos     
amatores solo aspectu excitantes4 ,unde 
is1 #diah;,forma papillarum quam fuit   
apta premi6--,again ,urebant oculos     
durae stantesque mamillae4 ,a flaxen    
hair2 golden hair was even in great     
account1 for which ,virgil commends     
,dido1 ,nondum sustulerat flavum        
,proserpinina crinem1 ,et crines        
nodantur in aurum4 ,apollonius          
7,argonaut4 lib4 #d4 ,jasonis flava coma
 incendit cor ,medeae7 will have        
,jason's golden hair to be the main     
cause of ,medea's dotage on him4 ,castor
 and ,pollux were both yellow haired4   
,paris1 ,menelaus1 and most amorous     
young men1 have been such in all ages1  

molles ac suaves1 as ,baptista ,porta   
infers1 #diai ,physiog4 lib4 #b4 lovely 
to behold4 ,homer so commends ,helen1   
makes ,patroclus and ,achilles both     
yellow haired3 ,pulchricoma ,venus1 and 
,cupid himself was yellow haired1 in    
aurum coruscante et crispante capillo1  
like that neat picture of ,narcissus in 
,callistratus2 for so #dibj,psyche spied
 him asleep1 ,briseis1 ,polixena1 c4    
flavicomae omnes1 ------and ,hero the   
fair1 ,whom young ,apollo courted for   
her hair4  ,leland commends ,guithera1  
king ,arthur's wife1 for a flaxen hair3 
so ,paulus ,aemilius sets out           
,clodeveus1 that lovely king of ,france4
 #diba,synesius holds every effeminate  
fellow or adulterer is fair haired3 and 
,apuleius adds that ,venus herself1     
goddess of love1 cannot delight1        
#dibbthough she come accompanied with   
the graces1 and all ,cupid's train to   
attend upon her1 girt with her own      
girdle1 and smell of cinnamon and balm1 
yet if she be bald or badhaired1 she    

cannot please her ,vulcan4 ,which belike
 makes our ,venetian ladies at this day 
to counterfeit yellow hair so much1     
great women to calamistrate and curl it 
up1 vibrantes ad gratiam crines1 et tot 
orbibus in captivitatem flexos1 to adorn
 their heads with spangles1 pearls1 and 
made-flowers2 and all courtiers to      
effect a pleasing grace in this kind4   
,in a word1 #dibcthe hairs are ,cupid's 
nets1 to catch all comers1 a brushy     
wood1 in which ,cupid builds his nest1  
and under whose shadow all loves a      
thousand several ways sport themselves4 
,a little soft hand1 pretty little      
mouth1 small1 fine1 long fingers1       
,gratiae quae digitis --'tis that which 
,apollo did admire in ,daphne1--laudat  
digitosque manusque2 a straight and     
slender body1 a small foot1 and         
well-proportioned leg1 hath an excellent
 lustre1 #dibd;,cui totum incumbit      
corpus uti fundamento aedes4 ,clearchus 
vowed to his friend ,amyander in        
#dibe;,aristaenetus1 that the most      

attractive part in his mistress1 to make
 him love and like her first1 was her   
pretty leg and foot3 a soft and white   
skin1 c4 have their peculiar graces1    
#dibf,nebula haud est mollior ac hujus  
cutis est1 aedipol papillam bellulam4   
,though in men these parts are not so   
much respected2 a grim ,saracen         
sometimes1--nudus membra ,pyracmon1 a   
martial hirsute face pleaseth best2 a   
black man is a pearl in a fair woman's  
eye1 and is as acceptable as #dibglame  
,vulcan was to ,venus2 for he being a   
sweaty fuliginous blacksmith1 was dearly
 beloved of her1 when fair ,apollo1     
nimble ,mercury were rejected1 and the  
rest of the sweet-faced gods forsaken4  
,many women 7as ,petronius              
#dibhobserves7 sordibus calent 7as many 
men are more moved with kitchen wenches1
 and a poor market maid1 than all these 
illustrious court and city dames7 will  
sooner dote upon a slave1 a servant1 a  
dirt dauber1 a brontes1 a cook1 a       
player1 if they see his naked legs or   

arms1 thorosaque brachia1 #dibi;c41 like
 that huntsman ,meleager in             
,philostratus1 though he be all in rags1
 obscene and dirty1 besmeared like a    
ruddleman1 a gipsy1 or a                
chimney-sweeper1 than upon a noble      
gallant1 ,nireus1 ,ephestion1           
,alcibiades1 or those embroidered       
courtiers full of silk and gold4        
#dicj;,justine's wife1 a citizen of     
,rome1 fell in love with ,pylades a     
player1 and was ready to run mad for    
him1 had not ,galen himself helped her  
by chance4 ,faustina the empress doted  
on a fencer4 ,not one of a thousand     
falls in love1 but there is some        
peculiar part or other which pleaseth   
most1 and inflames him above the rest4  
#dica;,a company of young philosophers  
on a time fell at variance1 which part  
of a woman was most desirable and       
pleased best8 some said the forehead1   
some the teeth1 some the eyes1 cheeks1  
lips1 neck1 chin1 c41 the controversy   
was referred to ,lais of ,corinth to    

decide2 but she1 smiling1 said1 they    
were a company of fools2 for suppose    
they had her where they wished1 what    
would they #dicb;first seek8 ,yet this  
notwithstanding ,i do easily grant1     
neque quis vestrum negaverit opinor1 all
 parts are attractive1 but especially   
#diccthe eyes1 #dicd ------videt igne   
micantes1 ,sideribus similes            
oculos------  which are love's fowlers2 
#dice;aucupium amoris1 the shoeing      
horns1 the hooks of love 7as ,arandus   
will7 the guides1 touchstone1 judges1   
that in a moment cure mad men1 and make 
sound folks mad1 the watchmen of the    
body2 what do they not8 ,how vex they   
not8 ,all this is true1 and 7which      
,athaeneus lib4 #ac4 dip4 cap4 #e4 and  
,tatius hold7 they are the chief seats  
of love1 and ,james ,lernutius          
#dicf;hath facetely expressed in an     
elegant ode of his1 ,amorem ocellis     
flammeolis herae ,vidi insidentem1      
credite posteri1 ,fratresque circum     
ludibundos ,cum pharetra volitare et    

arcu1 c4  ,i saw ,love sitting in my    
mistress' eyes ,sparkling1 believe it   
all posterity1 ,and his attendants      
playing round about ,with bow and arrows
 ready for to fly4  ,scaliger calls the 
eyes1 #dicg;,cupid's arrows2 the tongue1
 the lightning of love2 the paps1 the   
tents3 #dich;,balthazar ,castilio1 the  
causes1 the chariots1 the lamps of love1
 ------aemula lumina stellis1 ,lumina   
quae possent sollicitare deos4  ,eyes   
emulating stars in light1 ,enticing gods
 at the first sight2  ,love's orators1  
,petronius4 ,o blandos oculos1 et o     
facetos1 ,et quadam propria nota        
loquaces ,illic est ,venus1 et leves    
amores1 ,atque ipsa in medio sedet      
voluptas4  ,o sweet and pretty speaking 
eyes1 ,where ,venus1 love1 and pleasure 
lies4  ,love's torches1 touch-box1      
naphtha and matches1 #dici,tibullus4    
,illius ex oculis quum vult exurere     
divos1 ,accendit geminas lampades acer  
amor4  ,tart ,love when he will set the 
gods on fire1 ,lightens the eyes as     

torches to desire4  ,leander1 at the    
first sight of ,hero's eyes1 was        
incensed1 saith ,musaeus4 ,simul in     
#didjoculorum radiis crescebat fax      
amorum1 ,et cor fervebat invecti ignis  
impetu2 ,pulchritudo enim ,celebris     
immaculatae foeminae1 ,acutior hominibus
 est veloci sagitta4 ,oculos vero via   
est1 ab oculi ictibus ,vulnus dilabitur1
 et in praecordia viri manat4  ,love's  
torches 'gan to burn first in her eyes4 
,and set his heart on fire which never  
dies3 ,for the fair beauty of a virgin  
pure ,is sharper than a dart1 and doth  
inure ,a deeper wound1 which pierceth to
 the heart ,by the eyes1 and causeth    
such a cruel smart4  #dida;,a modern    
poet brings in ,amnon complaining of    
,thamar1 ------et me fascino ,occidit   
ille risus et formae lepos1 ,ille nitor1
 illa gratia1 et verus decor1 ,illae    
aemulantes purpuram1 et #didbrosas      
genae1 ,oculique vinctaeque aureo nodo  
comae4------  ,it was thy beauty1 'twas 
thy pleasing smile1 ,thy grace and      

comeliness did me beguile2 ,thy         
rose-like cheeks1 and unto purple fair  
,thy lovely eyes and golden knotted     
hair4  #didc,philostratus ,lemnius cries
 out on his mistress's basilisk eyes1   
ardentes faces1 those two               
burning-glasses1 they had so inflamed   
his soul1 that no water could quench it4
 ,what a tyranny 7saith he71 what a     
penetration of bodies is this6 thou     
drawest with violence1 and swallowest me
 up1 as ,charybdis doth sailors with thy
 rocky eyes3 he that falls into this    
gulf of love1 can never get out4 ,let   
this be the corollary then1 the         
strongest beams of beauty are still     
darted from the eyes4 #didd,nam quis    
lumina tanta1 tanta ,posset luminibus   
suis tueri1 ,non statim trepidansque1   
palpitansque1 ,prae desiderii aestuantis
 aura8 c4  ,for who such eyes with his  
can see1 ,and not forthwith enamour'd   
be6  ,and as men catch dotterels by     
putting out a leg or an arm1 with those 
mutual glances of the eyes they first   

inveigle one another4 #dide;,cynthia    
prima suis miserum me1 cepit ocellis4   
,of all eyes 7by the way7 black are most
 amiable1 enticing and fairer1 which the
 poet observes in commending of his     
mistress4 #didf,spectandum nigris       
oculis1 nigroque capillo1 which ,hesiod 
admires in his ,alemena1 #didg;,cujus a 
vertice ac nigricantibus oculis1 ,tale  
quiddam spiral ac ab aurea ,venere4     
,from her black eyes1 and from her      
golden face ,as if from ,venus came a   
lovely grace4  and #didh,triton in his  
,milaene--nigra oculos formosa mihi4    
#didi;,homer useth that epithet of      
ox-eyed1 in describing ,juno1 because a 
round black eye is the best1 the son of 
beauty1 and farthest from black the     
worse3 which #diej,polydore ,virgil     
taxeth in our nation3 ,angli ut plurimum
 caesiis oculis1 we have grey eyes for  
the most part4 ,baptisma ,porta1        
,physiognom4 lib4 #c4 puts grey colour  
upon children1 they be childish eyes1   
dull and heavy4 ,many commend on the    

other side ,spanish ladies1 and those   
#diea;,greek dames at this day1 for the 
blackness of their eyes1 as ,porta doth 
his ,neapolitan young wives4 ,suetonius 
describes ,julius ,caesar to have been  
nigris vegetisque oculis micantibus1 of 
a black quick sparkling eye3 and        
although ,averroes in his ,colliget will
 have such persons timorous1 yet without
 question they are most amorous4 ,now   
last of all1 ,i will show you by what   
means beauty doth fascinate1 bewitch1 as
 some hold1 and work upon the soul of a 
man by the eye4 ,for certainly ,i am of 
the poet's mind1 love doth bewitch and  
strangely change us4 #dieb,ludit amor   
sensus1 oculos perstringit1 et aufert   
,libertatem animi1 mira nos fascinat    
arte4 ,credo aliquis daemon subiens     
praecordia flammam ,concitat1 et raptam 
tollit de cardine mentem4  ,love mocks  
our senses1 curbs our liberties1 ,and   
doth bewitch us with his art and rings1 
,i think some devil gets into our       
entrails1 ,and kindles coals1 and heaves

 our souls from th'hinges4  ,heliodorus 
lib4 #c4 proves at large1 #diecthat love
 is witchcraft1 it gets in at our eyes1 
pores1 nostrils1 engenders the same     
qualities and affections in us1 as were 
in the party whence it came4 ,the manner
 of the fascination1 as ,ficinus #aj4   
cap4 com4 in ,plat4 declares it1 is     
thus3 ,mortal men are then especially   
bewitched1 when as by often gazing one  
on the other1 they direct sight to      
sight1 join eye to eye1 and so drink and
 suck in love between them2 for the     
beginning of this disease is the eye4   
,and therefore he that hath a clear eye1
 though he be otherwise deformed1 by    
often looking upon him1 will make one   
mad1 and tie him fast to him by the eye4
 ,leonard4 ,varius1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #b4 de
 fascinat4 telleth us1 that by this     
interview1 #diedthe purer spirits are   
infected1 the one eye pierceth through  
the other with his rays1 which he sends 
forth1 and many men have those excellent
 piercing eyes1 that1 which ,suetonius  

relates of ,augustus1 their brightness  
is such1 they compel their spectators to
 look off1 and can no more endure them  
than the sunbeams4 #diee;,barradius1    
lib4 #f4 cap4 #aj4 de ,harmonia         
,evangel4 reports as much of our        
,saviour ,christ1 and #dief,peter       
,morales of the ,virgin ,mary1 whom     
,nicephorus describes likewise to have  
been yellow-haired1 of a wheat colour1  
but of a most amiable and piercing eye4 
,the rays1 as some think1 sent from the 
eyes1 carry certain spiritual vapours   
with them1 and so infect the other      
party1 and that in a moment4 ,i know1   
they that hold visio fit intra mittendo1
 will make a doubt of this2 but ,ficinus
 proves it from blear-eyes1 #dieg ,that 
by sight alone1 make others blear-eyed2 
and it is more than manifest1 that the  
vapour of the corrupt blood doth get in 
together with the rays1 and so by the   
contagion the spectators' eyes are      
infected4 ,other arguments there are of 
a basilisk1 that kills afar off by      

sight1 as that ,ephesian did of whom    
#dieh,philostratus speaks1 of so        
pernicious an eye1 he poisoned all he   
looked steadily on3 and that other      
argument1 menstruae faminae1 out of     
,aristotle's ,problems1 morbosae        
,capivaccius adds1 and #diei,septalius  
the commentator1 that contaminate a     
looking-glass with beholding it4 #difj  
,so the beams that come from the agent's
 heart1 by the eyes1 infect the spirits 
about the patients1 inwardly wound1 and 
thence the spirits infect the blood4 ,to
 this effect she complained in          
#difa;,apuleius1 ,thou art the cause of 
my grief1 thy eyes piercing through mine
 eyes to mine inner parts1 have set my  
bowels on fire1 and therefore pity me   
that am now ready to die for thy sake4  
,ficinus illustrates this with a        
familiar example of that ,marrhusian    
,phaedrus and ,theban ,lycias1          
#difb,lycias he stares on ,phaedrus'    
face1 and ,phaedrus fastens the balls of
 his eyes upon ,lycias1 and with those  

sparkling rays sends out his spirits4   
,the beams of ,phaedrus' eyes are easily
 mingled with the beams of ,lycias1 and 
spirits are joined to spirits4 ,this    
vapour begot in ,phaedrus' heart1 enters
 into ,lycias' bowels2 and that which is
 a greater wonder1 ,phaedrus' blood is  
in ,lycias' heart1 and thence come those
 ordinary love-speeches1 my sweetheart  
,phaedrus1 and mine own self1 my dear   
bowels4 ,and ,phaedrus again to ,lycias1
 ,o my light1 my joy1 my soul1 my life4 
,phaedrus follows ,lycias1 because his  
heart would have his spirits1 and       
,lycias follows ,phaedrus1 because he   
loves the seat of his spirits2 both     
follow2 but ,lycias the earnester of the
 two3 the river hath more need of the   
fountain1 than the fountain of the      
river2 as iron is drawn to that which is
 touched with a loadstone1 but draws not
 it again2 so ,lycias draws ,phaedrus4  
,but how comes it to pass then1 that the
 blind man loves1 that never saw8 ,we   
read in the ,lives of the ,fathers1 a   

story of a child that was brought up in 
the wilderness1 from his infancy1 by an 
old hermit3 now come to man's estate1 he
 saw by chance two comely women         
wandering in the woods3 he asked the old
 man what creatures they were1 he told  
him fairies2 after a while talking      
obiter1 the hermit demanded of him1     
which was the pleasantest sight that    
ever he saw in his life8 ,he readily    
replied1 the two #difc;fairies he spied 
in the wilderness4 ,so that1 without    
doubt1 there is some secret loadstone in
 a beautiful woman1 a magnetic power1 a 
natural inbred affection1 which moves   
our concupiscence1 and as he sings1     
,methinks ,i have a mistress yet to     
come1 ,and still ,i seek1 ,i love1 ,i   
know not whom4  ',tis true indeed of    
natural and chaste love1 but not of this
 heroical passion1 or rather brutish    
burning lust of which we treat2 we speak
 of wandering1 wanton1 adulterous eyes1 
which1 as #difd;he saith1 lie still in  
wait as so many soldiers1 and when they 

spy an innocent spectator fixed on them1
 shoot him through1 and presently       
bewitch him3 especially when they shall 
gaze and gloat1 as wanton lovers do one 
upon another1 and with a pleasant       
eye-conflict participate each other's   
souls4 ,hence you may perceive how      
easily and how quickly we may be taken  
in love2 since at the twinkling of an   
eye1 ,phaedrus' spirits may so          
perniciously infect ,lycias' blood4     
#dife,neither is it any wonder1 if we   
but consider how many other diseases    
closely1 and as suddenly are caught by  
infection1 plague1 itch1 scabs1 flux1 c4
 ,the spirits taken in1 will not let him
 rest that hath received them1 but egg  
him on4 #diff;,idque petit corpus mens  
unde est saucia amore2 and we may       
manifestly perceive a strange eduction  
of spirits1 by such as bleed at nose    
after they be dead1 at the presence of  
the murderer2 but read more of this in  
,lemnius1 lib4 #b4 de occult4 nat4 mir4 
cap4 #g4 ,valleriola lib4 #b4 observ4   

cap4 #g4 ,valesius controv4 ,ficinus1   
,cardan1 ,libavius de cruentis          
cadaveribus1 c4  ,,subsect4             
,,iii4--,artificial allurements of      
,love1 ,causes and ,provocations to     
,lust2 ,gestures1 ,clothes1 ,dower1 c4  
,natural beauty is a stronger loadstone 
of itself1 as you have heard1 a great   
temptation1 and pierceth to the very    
heart2 #difg;forma verecundae1 nocuit   
mihi visa puellae2 but much more when   
those artificial enticements and        
provocations of gestures1 clothes1      
jewels1 pigments1 exornations1 shall be 
annexed unto it2 those other            
circumstances1 opportunity of time and  
place shall concur1 which of themselves 
alone were all sufficient1 each one in  
particular to produce this effect4 ,it  
is a question much controverted by some 
wise men1 forma debeat plus arti an     
naturae8 ,whether natural or artificial 
objects be more powerful8 but not       
decided3 for my part ,i am of opinion1  
that though beauty itself be a great    

motive1 and give an excellent lustre in 
sordibus1 in beggary1 as a jewel on a   
dunghill will shine and cast his rays1  
it cannot be suppressed1 which          
,heliodorus feigns of ,chariclia1 though
 she were in beggar's weeds3 yet as it  
is used1 artificial is of more force1   
and much to be preferred4 #difh,sic     
dentata sibi videtur ,aegle1 ,emptis    
ossibus ,indicoque cornu2 ,sic quae     
nigrior est cadente moro1 ,cerussata    
sibi placet ,lychoris4  ,so toothless   
,aegle seems a pretty one1 ,set out with
 new-bought teeth of ,indy bone3 ,so    
foul ,lychoris blacker than berry       
,herself admires1 now finer than cherry4
  ,john ,lerius the ,burgundian1 cap4   
#h4 hist4 navigat4 in ,brazil4 is       
altogether on my side4 ,for whereas     
7saith he7 at our coming to ,brazil1 we 
found both men and women naked as they  
were born1 without any covering1 so much
 as of their privities1 and could not be
 persuaded1 by our ,frenchmen that lived
 a year with them1 to wear any1         

#difi,many will think that our so long  
commerce with naked women1 must needs be
 a great provocation to lust2 but he    
concludes otherwise1 that their         
nakedness did much less entice them to  
lasciviousness1 than our women's        
clothes4 ,and ,i dare boldly affirm     
7saith he7 that those glittering        
attires1 counterfeit colours1 headgears1
 curled hairs1 plaited coats1 cloaks1   
gowns1 costly stomachers1 guarded and   
loose garments1 and all those other     
accoutrements1 wherewith our            
countrywomen counterfeit a beauty1 and  
so curiously set out themselves1 cause  
more inconvenience in this kind1 than   
that barbarian homeliness1 although they
 be no whit inferior unto them in       
beauty4 ,i could evince the truth of    
this by many other arguments1 but ,i    
appeal 7saith he7 to my companions at   
that present1 which were all of the same
 mind4 ,his countryman1 ,montague1 in   
his essays1 is of the same opinion1 and 
so are many others2 out of whose        

assertions thus much in brief we may    
conclude1 that beauty is more beholden  
to art than nature1 and stronger        
provocations proceed from outward       
ornaments1 than such as nature hath     
provided4 ,it is true that those fair   
sparkling eyes1 white neck1 coral lips1 
turgent paps1 rose-coloured cheeks1 c41 
of themselves are potent enticers2 but  
when a comely1 artificial1 well-composed
 look1 pleasing gesture1 an affected    
carriage shall be added1 it must needs  
be far more forcible than it was1 when  
those curious needleworks1 variety of   
colours1 purest dyes1 jewels1 spangles1 
pendants1 lawn1 lace1 tiffanies1 fair   
and fine linen1 embroideries1           
calamistrations1 ointments1 etc4 shall  
be added1 they will make the veriest    
dowdy otherwise1 a goddess1 when nature 
shall be furthered by art4 ,for it is   
not the eye of itself that enticeth to  
lust1 but an adulterous eye1 as ,peter  
terms it1 #b4 ii4 #ad4 a wanton1 a      
rolling1 lascivious eye3 a wandering    

eye1 which ,isaiah taxeth1 iii4 #af4    
,christ himself1 and the ,virgin ,mary1 
had most beautiful eyes1 as amiable eyes
 as any persons1 saith #digj;,baradius1 
that ever lived1 but withal so modest1  
so chaste1 that whosoever looked on them
 was freed from that passion of burning 
lust1 if we may believe #diga;,gerson   
and #digb;,bonaventure3 there was no    
such antidote against it1 as the ,virgin
 ,mary's face2 'tis not the eye1 but    
carriage of it1 as they use it1 that    
causeth such effects4 ,when ,pallas1    
,juno1 ,venus1 were to win ,paris'      
favour for the golden apple1 as it is   
elegantly described in that pleasant    
interlude of #digc;,apuleius1 ,juno came
 with majesty upon the stage1 ,minerva  
gravity1 but ,venus dulce subridens1    
constitit amaene2 et gratissimae1       
,graticae deam propitiantes1 c4 came in 
smiling with her gracious graces and    
exquisite music1 as if she had danced1  
et nonnunquam saltare solis oculis1 and 
which was the main matter of all1 she   

danced with her rolling eyes3 they were 
the brokers and harbingers of her suite4
 ,so she makes her brags in a modern    
poet1 #digd,soon could ,i make my brow  
to tyrannise1 ,and force the world do   
homage to mine eyes4  ,the eye is a     
secret orator1 the first bawd1 ,amoris  
porta1 and with private looks1 winking1 
glances and smiles1 as so many dialogues
 they make up the match many times1 and 
understand one another's meanings1      
before they come to speak a word4       
#dige;,euryalus and ,lucretia were so   
mutually enamoured by the eye1 and      
prepared to give each other             
entertainment1 before ever they had     
conference3 he asked her good will with 
his eyes2 she did suffragari1 and gave  
consent with a pleasant look4 ,that     
#digf,thracian ,rodophe was so excellent
 at this dumb rhetoric1 that if she had 
but looked upon any one almost 7saith   
,calisiris7 she would have bewitched    
him1 and he could not possibly escape   
it4 ,for as #digg,salvianus observes1   

the eyes are the windows of our souls1  
by which as so many channels1 all       
dishonest concupiscence gets into our   
hearts4 ,they reveal our thoughts1 and  
as they say1 frons animi index1 but the 
eye of the countenance1 #digh,quid      
procacibus intuere ocellis8 c4 ,i may   
say the same of smiling1 gait1 nakedness
 of parts1 plausible gestures1 c4 ,to   
laugh is the proper passion of a man1 an
 ordinary thing to smile2 but those     
counterfeit1 composed1 affected1        
artificial and reciprocal1 those        
counter-smiles are the dumb shows and   
prognostics of greater matters1 which   
they most part use1 to inveigle and     
deceive2 though many fond lovers again  
are so frequently mistaken1 and led into
 a fool's paradise4 ,for if they see but
 a fair maid laugh1 or show a pleasant  
countenance1 use some gracious words or 
gestures1 they apply it all to          
themselves1 as done in their favour2    
sure she loves them1 she is willing1    
coming1 c4 ,stultus quando videt quod   

pulchra puellula ridet1 ,tum fatuus     
credit se quod amare velit3  ,when a    
fool sees a fair maid for to smile1 ,he 
thinks she loves him1 'tis but to       
beguile4  ,they make an art of it1 as   
the poet telleth us1 #digi,quis credat8 
discunt etiam ridere puellae1 ,quaeritur
 atque illis hac quoque parte decor4    
,who can believe8 to laugh maids make an
 art1 ,and seek a pleasant grace to that
 same part4  ,and 'tis as great an      
enticement as any of the rest1          
#dihj------subrisit molle puella1 ,cor  
tibi rite salit4  ,she makes thine heart
 leap with #diha;a pleasing gentle smile
 of hers4 #dihb;,dulce ridentem ,lalagen
 amabo1 ,dulce loquentem1  ,i love      
,lalage as much for smiling1 as for     
discoursing1 delectata illa risit tam   
blandum1 as he said in ,petronius of his
 mistress1 being well pleased1 she gave 
so sweet a smile4 ,it won ,ismenias1 as 
he #dihc confesseth1 ,ismene subrisit   
amatorium1 ,ismene smiled so lovingly   
the second time ,i saw her1 that ,i     

could not choose but admire her3 and    
,galla's sweet smile quite overcame     
#dihd;,faustus the shepherd1 ,me        
aspiciens moils blande subrisit ocellis4
 ,all other gestures of the body will   
enforce as much4 ,daphnis in            
#dihe,lucian was a poor tattered wench  
when ,i knew her first1 said ,corbile1  
pannosa et ,zacera1 but now she is a    
stately piece indeed1 hath her maids to 
attend her1 brave attires1 money in her 
purse1 c41 and will you know how this   
came to pass8 by setting out herself    
after the best fashion1 by her pleasant 
carriage1 affability1 sweet smiling upon
 all1 c4 ,many women dote upon a man for
 his compliment only1 and good          
behaviour1 they are won in an instant2  
too credulous to believe that every     
light wanton suitor1 who sees or makes  
love to them1 is instantly enamoured1 he
 certainly dotes on1 admires them1 will 
surely marry1 when as he means nothing  
less1 'tis his ordinary carriage in all 
such companies4 ,so both delude each    

other by such outward shows2 and amongst
 the rest1 an upright1 a comely grace1  
courtesies1 gentle salutations1 cringes1
 a mincing gait1 a decent and an        
affected pace1 are most powerful        
enticers1 and which the prophet ,isaiah1
 a courtier himself1 and a great        
observer1 objected to the daughters of  
,zion1 iii4 #af4 they minced as they    
went1 and made a tinkling with their    
feet4 ,to say the truth1 what can they  
not effect by such means8 ,whilst nature
 decks them in their best attires ,of   
youth and beauty which the world        
admires4  #dihf,urit--voce1 manu1       
gressu1 pectore1 fronte1 oculis4 ,when  
art shall be annexed to beauty1 when    
wiles and guiles shall concur2 for to   
speak as it is1 love is a kind of       
legerdemain2 mere juggling1 a           
fascination4 ,when they show their fair 
hand1 fine foot and leg withal1 magnum  
sui desiderium nobis relinquunt1 saith  
#dihg;,balthazar ,castilio1 lib4 #a4    
they set us a longing1 and so when they 

pull up their petticoats1 and outward   
garments1 as usually they do to show    
their fine stockings1 and those of      
purest silken dye1 gold fringes1 laces1 
embroiderings1 7it shall go hard but    
when they go to church1 or to any other 
place1 all shall be seen7 'tis but a    
springe to catch woodcocks2 and as      
#dihh;,chrysostom telleth them          
downright1 though they say nothing with 
their mouths1 they speak in their gait1 
they speak with their eyes1 they speak  
in the carriage of their bodies4 ,and   
what shall we say otherwise of that     
baring of their necks1 shoulders1 naked 
breasts1 arms and wrists1 to what end   
are they but only to tempt men to lust6 
#dihi,nam quid lacteolus sinus1 et ipsas
 ,prae te fers sine linteo papillas8    
,hoc est dicere1 posce1 posce1 trado2   
,hoc est ad ,venerem vocare amantes4    
,there needs no more1 as                
#diij;,fredericus ,matenesius well      
observes1 but a crier to go before them 
so dressed1 to bid us look out1 a       

trumpet to sound1 or for defect a       
sow-gelder to blow1 #diia,look out1 look
 out and see ,what object this may be   
,that doth perstringe mine eye2 ,a      
gallant lady goes ,in rich and gaudy    
clothes1 ,but whither away ,god knows1  
------look out1 c41 et quae sequuntur1  
or to what end and purpose8 ,but to     
leave all these fantastical raptures1   
,i'll prosecute my intended theme4      
,nakedness1 as ,i have said1 is an      
odious thing of itself1 remedium amoris2
 yet it may be so used1 in part1 and at 
set times1 that there can be no such    
enticement as it is2 #diib,nec mihi     
cincta ,diana placet1 nec nuda ,cythere1
 ,illa voluptatis nil habet1 haec       
nimium4  ,david so espied ,bathsheba1   
the elders ,susanna3 #diic;,apelles was 
enamoured with ,campaspe1 when he was to
 paint her naked4 ,tiberius in ,suet4   
cap4 #db4 supped with ,sestius ,gallus  
an old lecher1 libidinoso sene1 ea lege 
ut nudae puellae administrarent2 some   
say as much of ,nero1 and ,pontus ,huter

 of ,carolus ,pugnax4 ,amongst the      
,babylonians1 it was the custom of some 
lascivious queans to dance frisking in  
that fashion1 saith ,curtius lib4 #e4   
and ,sardus de mor4 gent4 lib4 #a4      
writes of others to that effect4 ,the   
#diid,tuscans at some set banquets had  
naked women to attend upon them1 which  
,leonicus de ,varia hist4 lib4 #c4 cap4 
#if4 confirms of such other bawdy       
nations4 ,nero would have filthy        
pictures still hanging in his chamber1  
which is too commonly used in our times1
 and ,heliogabalus1 etiam coram agentes1
 ut ad venerem incitarent3 ,so things   
may be abused4 ,a servant maid in       
,aristaenetus spied her master and      
mistress through the key-hole           
#diiemerrily disposed2 upon the sight   
she fell in love with her master4       
#diif;,antoninus ,caracalla observed his
 mother-in-law with her breasts         
amorously laid open1 he was so much     
moved1 that he said1 ,ah si liceret1 ,o 
that ,i might2 which she by chance      

overhearing1 replied as impudently1     
#diig,quicquid libet licet1 thou mayst  
do what thou wilt3 and upon that        
temptation he married her3 this object  
was not in cause1 not the thing itself1 
but that unseemly1 indecent carriage of 
it4 ,when you have all done1 veniunt a  
veste sagittae the greatest provocations
 of lust are from our apparel2 ,god     
makes1 they say1 man shapes1 and there  
is no motive like unto it2 #diih,which  
doth even beauty beautify1 ,and most    
bewitch a wretched eye1  a filthy knave1
 a deformed quean1 a crooked carcass1 a 
mawkin1 a witch1 a rotten post1 a       
hedgestake may be so set out and tricked
 up1 that it shall make as fair a show1 
as much enamour as the rest3 many a     
silly fellow is so taken4 ,primum       
luxuriae1 aucupium1 one calls it1 the   
first snare of lust2 #diii;,bossus      
aucupium animarum1 lethalem arundinem1 a
 fatal reed1 the greatest bawd1 forte   
lenocinium1 sanguineis lachrymis        
deplorandum1 saith #ejjj,matenesius1 and

 with tears of blood to be deplored4    
,not that comeliness of clothes is      
therefore to be condemned1 and those    
usual ornaments3 there is a decency and 
decorum in this as well as in other     
things1 fit to be used1 becoming several
 persons1 and befitting their estates2  
he is only fantastical that is not in   
fashion1 and like an old image in arras 
hangings1 when a manner of attire is    
generally received2 but when they are so
 new-fangled1 so unstaid1 so prodigious 
in their attires1 beyond their means and
 fortunes1 unbefitting their age1 place1
 quality1 condition1 what should we     
otherwise think of them8 ,why do they   
adorn themselves with so many colours of
 herbs1 fictitious flowers1 curious     
needleworks1 quaint devices1            
sweet-smelling odours1 with those       
inestimable riches of precious stones1  
pearls1 rubies1 diamonds1 emeralds1 c48 
,why do they crown themselves with gold 
and silver1 use coronets and tires of   
several fashions1 deck themselves with  

pendants1 bracelets1 earrings1 chains1  
girdles1 rings1 pins1 spangles1         
embroideries1 shadows1 rebatoes1        
versicolour ribands8 why do they make   
such glorious shows with their scarves1 
feathers1 fans1 masks1 furs1 laces1     
tiffanies1 ruffs1 falls1 calls1 cuffs1  
damasks1 velvets1 tinsels1 cloth of     
gold1 silver1 tissue8 with colours of   
heavens1 stars1 planets3 the strength of
 metals1 stones1 odours1 flowers1 birds1
 beasts1 fishes1 and whatsoever ,africa1
 ,asia1 ,america1 sea1 land1 art1 and   
industry of man can afford8 ,why do they
 use and covet such novelty of          
inventions2 such new-fangled tires1 and 
spend such inestimable sums on them8 ,to
 what end are those crisped1 false      
hairs1 painted faces1 as #ejjathe       
satirist observes1 such a composed gait1
 not a step awry8 ,why are they like so 
many ,sybarites1 or ,nero's ,poppaea1   
,ahasuerus' concubines1 so costly1 so   
long a dressing1 as ,caesar was         
marshalling his army1 or a hawk in      

pruning8 #ejjb;,dum moliuntur1 dum      
comuntur annus est3 a #ejjc;gardener    
takes not so much delight and pains in  
his garden1 a horseman to dress his     
horse1 scour his armour1 a mariner about
 his ship1 a merchant his shop and      
shop-book1 as they do about their faces1
 and all those other parts3 such setting
 up with corks1 straightening with      
whalebones2 why is it1 but as a day-net 
catcheth larks1 to make young men stoop 
unto them8 ,philocharus1 a gallant in   
,aristenaetus1 advised his friend       
,poliaenus to take heed of such         
enticements1 #ejjd;for it was the sweet 
sound and motion of his mistress's      
spangles and bracelets1 the smell of her
 ointments1 that captivated him first1  
,illa fuit mentis prima ruina meae4     
,quid sibi vult pixidum turba1 saith    
#ejje,lucian1 to what use are pins1     
pots1 glasses1 ointments1 irons1 combs1 
bodkins1 setting-sticks8 why bestow they
 all their patrimonies and husbands'    
yearly revenues on such fooleries8      

#ejjf;bina patrimonia singulis auribus2 
why use they dragons1 wasps1 snakes1 for
 chains1 enamelled jewels on their      
necks1 ears8 dignum potius foret ferro  
manus istas religari1 atque utinam      
monilia vere dracones essent2 they had  
more need some of them be tied in bedlam
 with iron chains1 have a whip for a    
fan1 and hair-cloths next to their      
skins1 and instead of wrought smocks1   
have their cheeks stigmatised with a hot
 iron3 ,i say1 some of our ,jezebels1   
instead of painting1 if they were well  
served4 ,but why is all this labour1 all
 this cost1 preparation1 riding1        
running1 far-fetched1 and dear bought   
stuff8 #ejjg;,because forsooth they     
would be fair and fine1 and where       
nature1 is defective1 supply it by art4 
#ejjh,sanguine quae vero non rubet1 arte
 rubet1 7,ovid72 and to that purpose    
they anoint and paint their faces1 to   
make ,helen of ,hecuba--parvamque       
exortamque puellam--,europen4#ejji,to   
this intent they crush in their feet and

 bodies1 hurt and crucify themselves1   
sometimes in lax-clothes1 a hundred     
yards ,i think in a gown1 a sleeve2 and 
sometimes again so close1 ut nudos      
exprimant artus4 #ejaj,now long tails   
and trains1 and then short1 up1 down1   
high1 low1 thick1 thin1 c42 now little  
or no bands1 then as big as cart wheels2
 now loose bodies1 then great           
farthingales and close girt1 c4 ,why is 
all this1 but with the whore in the     
,proverbs1 to intoxicate some or other8 
oculorum decipulam1#ejaaone therefore   
calls it1 et indicem libidinis1 the trap
 of lust1 and sure token1 as an ivy-bush
 is to a tavern4  ,quod pulchros        
,glycere sumas de pixide vultus1 ,quod  
tibi compositae nec sine lege comae3    
,quod niteat digitis adamas1 ,beryllus  
in aure1 ,non sum divinus1 sed scio quid
 cupias4   ,o ,glycere1 in that you     
paint so much1 ,your hair is so bedeckt 
in order such4 ,with rings on fingers1  
bracelets in your ear1 ,although no     
prophet1 tell ,i can1 ,i fear4  ,to be  

admired1 to be gazed on1 to circumvent  
some novice2 as many times they do1 that
 instead of a lady he loves a cap and a 
feather instead of a maid that should   
have verum colorem1 corpus solidum et   
succi plenum 7as ,chaerea describes his 
mistress in the #ejabpoet71 a painted   
face1 a ruff-band1 fair and fine linen1 
a coronet1 a flower1 7#ejac,naturaeque  
putat quod fuit artificis17 a wrought   
waistcoat he dotes on1 or a pied        
petticoat1 a pure dye instead of a      
proper woman4 ,for generally1 as with   
rich-furred conies1 their cases are far 
better than their bodies1 and like the  
bark of a cinnamon1 tree1 which is      
dearer than the whole bulk1 their       
outward accoutrements are far more      
precious than their inward endowments4  
',tis too commonly so4 #ejad;,auferimur 
cultu1 et gemmis1 auroque teguntur      
,omnia2 pars minima est ipsa puella sui4
   ,with gold and jewels all is covered1
 ,and with a strange tire we are won1   
7,whilst she's the least part of        

herself7 ,and with such baubles quite   
undone4  ,why do they keep in so long   
together1 a whole winter sometimes1 and 
will not be seen but by torch or        
candlelight1 and come abroad with all   
the preparation may be1 when they have  
no business1 but only to show           
themselves8 ,spectatum veniunt1 veniunt 
spectentur ut ipsae4 #ejae;,for what is 
beauty if it be not seen1 ,or what is't 
to be seen if not admir'd1 ,and though  
admir'd1 unless in love desir'd8  why do
 they go with such counterfeit gait1    
which #ejaf,philo ,judeus reprehends    
them for1 and use 7,i say it again7 such
 gestures1 apish1 ridiculous1 indecent  
attires1 sybaritical tricks1 fucos      
genis1 purpurissam venis1 cerussam      
fronti1 leges occulis1 c4 use those     
sweet perfumes1 powders and ointments in
 public2 flock to hear sermons so       
frequent1 is it for devotion8 or rather1
 as #ejag;,basil tells them1 to meet    
their sweethearts1 and see fashions2    
for1 as he saith1 commonly they come so 

provided to that place1 with such       
curious compliments1 with such gestures 
and tires1 as if they should go to a    
dancing-school1 a stage-play1 or        
bawdy-house1 fitter than a church4 ,when
 such a she-priest comes her mass to    
say1 ,twenty to one they all forget to  
pray4  ,they make those holy temples1   
consecrated to godly martyrs and        
religious uses1 the shops of impudence1 
dens of whores and thieves1 and little  
better than brothel houses4 ,when we    
shall see these things daily done1 their
 husbands bankrupts1 if not cornutos1   
their wives light housewives1 daughters 
dishonest2 and hear of such dissolute   
acts1 as daily we do1 how should we     
think otherwise8 what is their end1 but 
to deceive and inveigle young men8 ,as  
tow takes fire1 such enticing objects   
produce their effect1 how can it be     
altered8 ,when ,venus stood before      
,anchises 7as #ejah;,homer feigns in one
 of his hymns7 in her costly robes1 he  
was instantly taken1 ,cum ante ipsum    

staret ,jovis filia1 videns eam         
,anchises1 admirabatur formam1 et       
stupendas vestes2 ,erat enim induta     
peplo1 igneis radiis spiendidiore2      
,habebat quoque torques fulgidos1       
flexiles haelices1 ,tenerum collum      
ambiebant monilia pulchra1 ,aurea1      
variegata4------  ,when ,venus stood    
before ,anchises first1 ,he was amaz'd  
to see her in her tires2 ,for she had on
 a hood as red as fire1 ,and glittering 
chains1 and ivy-twisted spires1 ,about  
her tender neck were costly brooches1   
,and necklaces of gold1 enamell'd       
ouches4  ,so when ,medea came in        
presence of ,jason first1 attended by   
her nymphs and ladies1 as she is        
described by #ejai;,apollonius1 ,cunctas
 vero ignis instar sequebatur splendor1 
,tantum ab aureis fimbriis resplendebat 
jubar1 ,accenditque in oculis dulce     
desiderium4  ,a lustre followed them    
like flaming fire1 ,and from their      
golden borders came such beams1 ,which  
in his eyes provok'd a sweet desire4    

,such a relation we have in             
#ejbj,plutarch1 when the queens came and
 offered themselves to ,antony1         
#ejbawith diverse presents1 and enticing
 ornaments1 ,asiatic allurements1 with  
such wonderful joy and festivity1 they  
did so inveigle the ,romans1 that no man
 could contain himself1 all was turned  
to delight and pleasure4 ,the women     
transformed themselves to ,bacchus      
shapes1 the men-children to ,satyrs and 
,pans2 but ,antony himself was quite    
besotted with ,cleopatra's sweet        
speeches1 philters1 beauty1 pleasing    
tires3 for when she sailed along the    
river ,cydnus1 with such incredible pomp
 in a gilded ship1 herself dressed like 
,venus1 her maids like the ,graces1 her 
pages like so many ,cupids1 ,antony was 
amazed1 and rapt beyond himself4        
,heliodorus1 lib4 #a4 brings in         
,dameneta1 stepmother to ,cnemon1 whom  
she #ejbbsaw in his scarves1 rings1     
robes1 and coronet1 quite mad for the   
love of him4 ,it was ,judith's pantofles

 that ravished the eyes of ,holofernes4 
,and #ejbc;,cardan is not ashamed to    
confess1 that seeing his wife the first 
time all in white1 he did admire and    
instantly love her4 ,if these outward   
ornaments were not of such force1 why   
doth #ejbd,naomi give ,ruth counsel how 
to please ,boaz8 and #ejbe;,judith1     
seeking to captivate ,holofernes1 washed
 and anointed herself with sweet        
ointments1 dressed her hair1 and put on 
costly attires4 ,the riot in this kind  
hath been excessive in times past2 no   
man almost came abroad1 but curled and  
anointed1 #ejbf;,et matutino suadans    
,crispinus amomo4 ,quantum vix redolent 
duo funera4  one spent as much as two   
funerals at once1 and with perfumed     
hairs1 #ejbg;et rosa canos odorati      
capillos ,assyriaque nardo4 ,what       
strange thing doth #ejbh,sueton4 relate 
in this matter of ,caligula's riot8 ,and
 ,pliny1 lib4 #ab4  #ac4 ,read more in  
,dioscorides1 ,ulmus1 ,arnoldus1        
,randoletius de fuco et decoratione2 for

 it is now an art1 as it was of old1 7so
 #ejbi,seneca records7 officinae1 sunt  
adores coquentium4 ,women are bad and   
men worse1 no difference at all between 
their and our times2 #ejcj;good manners 
7as ,seneca complains7 are extinct with 
wantonness1 in tricking up themselves   
men go beyond women1 they wear harlots' 
colours1 and do not walk1 but jet and   
dance1 hic mulier1 haec vir1 more like  
players1 butterflies1 baboons1 apes1    
antics1 than men4 ,so ridiculous1       
moreover1 we are in our attires1 and for
 cost so excessive1 that as ,hierome    
said of old1 ,uno filio villarum insunt 
pretia1 uno lino decies sestertium      
inseritur2 'tis an ordinary thing to put
 a thousand oaks and a hundred oxen into
 a suit of apparel1 to wear a whole     
manor on his back4 ,what with shoe-ties1
 hangers1 points1 caps and feathers1    
scarves1 bands1 curls1 c41 in a short   
space their whole patrimonies are       
consumed4 ,heliogabalus is taxed by     
,lampridius1 and admired in his age for 

wearing jewels in his shoes1 a common   
thing in our times1 not for emperors and
 princes1 but almost for serving men and
 tailors2 all the flowers1 stars1       
constellations1 gold and precious stones
 do condescend to set out their shoes4  
,to repress the luxury of those ,roman  
matrons1 there was #ejca,lex ,valeria   
and ,oppia1 and a ,cato to contradict2  
but no laws will serve to repress the   
pride and insolency of our days1 the    
prodigious riot in this kind4           
,lucullus's wardrobe is put down by our 
ordinary citizens2 and a cobbler's wife 
in ,venice1 a courtesan in ,florence1 is
 no whit inferior to a queen1 if our    
geographers say true3 and why is all    
this8 ,why do they glory in their jewels
 7as #ejcb;he saith7 or exult and       
triumph in the beauty of clothes8 why is
 all this cost8 to incite men the sooner
 to burning lust4 ,they pretend decency 
and ornament2 but let them take heed1   
that while they set out their bodies    
they do not damn their souls2 'tis      

#ejcc;,bernard's counsel3 shine in      
jewels1 stink in conditions2 have purple
 robes1 and a torn conscience4 ,let them
 take heed of ,isaiah's prophecy1 that  
their slippers and attires be not taken 
from them1 sweet balls1 bracelets1      
earrings1 veils1 wimples1 crisping-pins1
 glasses1 fine linen1 hoods1 lawns1 and 
sweet savours1 they become not bald1    
burned1 and stink upon a sudden4 ,and   
let maids beware1 as #ejcd;,cyprian     
adviseth1 that while they wander too    
loosely abroad1 they lose not their     
virginities3 and like ,egyptian temples1
 seem fair without1 but prove rotten    
carcases within4 ,how much better were  
it for them to follow that good counsel 
of ,tertullian8 #ejce,to have their eyes
 painted with chastity1 the ,word of    
,god inserted into their ears1 ,christ's
 yoke tied to the hair1 to subject      
themselves to their husbands4 ,if they  
would do so1 they should be comely      
enough1 clothe themselves with the silk 
of sanctity1 damask of devotion1 purple 

of piety and chastity1 and so painted1  
they shall have ,god himself to be a    
suitor3 let whores and queans prank up  
themselves1 #ejcflet them paint their   
faces with minion and ceruse1 they are  
but fuels of lust1 and signs of a       
corrupt soul3 if ye be good1 honest1    
virtuous1 and religious matrons1 let    
sobriety1 modesty and chastity be your  
honour1 and ,god himself your love and  
desire4 ,mulier recte olet1 ubi nihil   
olet1 then a woman smells best1 when she
 hath no perfume at all2 no crown1      
chain1 or jewel 7,guivarra adds7 is such
 an ornament to a virgin1 or virtuous   
woman1 quam virgini pudor1 as chastity  
is3 more credit in a wise man's eye and 
judgment they get by their plainness1   
and seem fairer than they that are set  
out with baubles1 as a butcher's meat is
 with pricks1 puffed up1 and adorned    
like so many jays with variety of       
colours4 ,it is reported of ,cornelia1  
that virtuous ,roman lady1 great        
,scipio's daughter1 ,titus ,sempronius' 

wife1 and the mother of the ,gracchi1   
that being by chance in company with a  
companion1 a strange gentlewoman 7some  
light housewife belike1 that was dressed
 like a ,may lady1 and1 as most of our  
gentlewomen are1 was #ejcgmore          
solicitous of her head-tire than of her 
health1 that spent her time between a   
comb and a glass1 and had rather be fair
 than honest 7as ,cato said71 and have  
the commonwealth turned topsy-turvy than
 her tires marred2 and she did nought   
but brag of her fine robes and jewels1  
and provoked the ,roman matron to show  
hers3 ,cornelia kept her in talk till   
her children came from school1 and      
these1 said she1 are my jewels1 and so  
deluded and put off a proud1 vain1      
fantastical1 housewife4 ,how much better
 were it for our matrons to do as she   
did1 to go civilly and decently1        
#ejch;,honestae mulieris instar quae    
utitur auro pro eo quod est1 ad ea      
tantum quibus opus est1 to use gold as  
it is gold1 and for that use it serves1 

and when they need it1 than to consume  
it in riot1 beggar their husbands1      
prostitute themselves1 inveigle others1 
and peradventure damn their own souls8  
,how much more would it be for their    
honour and credit8 ,thus doing1 as      
,hierom said of ,blesilla1 #ejci;,furius
 did not so triumph over the ,gauls1    
,papyrius of the ,samnites1 ,scipio of  
,numantia1 as she did by her temperance2
 pulla semper veste1 c41 they should    
insult and domineer over lust1 folly1   
vainglory1 all such inordinate1 furious 
and unruly passions4 ,but ,i am over    
tedious1 ,i confess1 and whilst ,i stand
 gaping after fine clothes1 there is    
another great allurement1 7in the       
world's eye at least7 which had like to 
have stolen out of sight1 and that is   
money1 veniunt a dote sagittae1 money   
makes the match2 #ejdj  3 'tis like     
sauce to their meat1 cum carne          
condimentum1 a good dowry with a wife4  
,many men if they do hear but of a great
 portion1 a rich heir1 are more mad than

 if they had all the beauteous          
ornaments1 and those good parts art and 
nature can afford1 they #ejda;care not  
for honesty1 bringing up1 birth1 beauty1
 person1 but for money4 #ejdb;,canes et 
equos 7o ,cyrne7 quaerimus ,nobiles1 et 
a bona progenie2 ,malam vero uxorem1    
malique patris filiam ,ducere non curat 
vir bonus1 ,modo ei magnam dotem        
afferat1  ,our dogs and horses still    
from the best breed ,we carefully seek1 
and well may they speed3 ,but for our   
wives1 so they prove wealthy1 ,fair or  
foul1 we care not what they be4  ,if she
 be rich1 then she is fair1 fine1       
absolute and perfect1 then they burn    
like fire1 they love her dearly1 like   
pig and pie1 and are ready to hang      
themselves if they may not have her4    
,nothing so familiar in these days1 as  
for a young man to marry an old wife1 as
 they say1 for a piece of gold2 asinum  
auro onustum2 and though she be an old  
crone1 and have never a tooth in her    
head1 neither good conditions1 nor a    

good face1 a natural fool1 but only     
rich1 she shall have twenty young       
gallants to be suitors in an instant4   
,as she said in ,suetonius1 non me1 sed 
mea ambiunt1 'tis not for her sake1 but 
for her lands or money2 and an excellent
 match it were 7as he added7 if she were
 away4 ,so on the other side1 many a    
young lovely maid will cast away herself
 upon an old1 doting1 decrepit dizzard1 
#ejdc;,bis puer effoeto quamvis         
balbutiat ore1 ,prima legit rarae tam   
culta roseta puellae1  that is rheumatic
 and gouty1 hath some twenty diseases1  
perhaps but one eye1 one leg1 never a   
nose1 no hair on his head1 wit in his   
brains1 nor honesty1 if he have land or 
#ejddmoney1 she will have him before all
 other suitors1 #ejde;,dummodo sit dives
 barbarus ille placet4 ,if he be rich1  
he is the man1 a fine man1 and a proper 
man1 she will go to ,jacaktres or       
,tidore with him2 ,galesimus de monte   
aureo4 ,sir ,giles ,goosecap1 ,sir      
,amorous ,la-,fool1 shall have her4 ,and

 as ,philemasium in #ejdf ,aristaenetus 
told ,emmusus1 absque argento omnia     
vana1 hang him that hath no money1 'tis 
to no purpose to talk of marriage       
without means1 #ejdg trouble me not with
 such motions2 let others do as they    
will1 ,i'll be sure to have one shall   
maintain me fine and brave4 ,most are of
 her mind1 #ejdh ,de moribus ultima fiet
 questio1 for his conditions1 she shall 
inquire after them another time1 or when
 all is done1 the match made1 and       
everybody gone home4 #ejdi,lucian's     
,lycia was a proper young maid1 and had 
many fine gentlemen to her suitors2     
,ethecles1 a senator's son1 ,melissus1 a
 merchant1 c42 but she forsook them all 
for one ,passius1 a base1 hirsute1      
bald-pated knave2 but why was it8 ,his  
father lately died and left him sole    
heir of his goods and lands4 ,this is   
not amongst your dust-worms alone1 poor 
snakes that will prostitute their souls 
for money1 but with this bait you may   
catch our most potent1 puissant1 and    

illustrious princes4 ,that proud upstart
 domineering ,bishop of ,ely1 in the    
time of ,richard the ,first1 viceroy in 
his absence1 as #ejej,nubergensis       
relates it1 to fortify himself1 and     
maintain his greatness1 propinquarum    
suarum connubiis1 plurimos sibi potentes
 et nobiles devincire curavit1 married  
his poor kinswomen 7which came forth of 
,normandy by droves7 to the chiefest    
nobles of the land1 and they were glad  
to accept of such matches1 fair or foul1
 for themselves1 their sons1 nephews1 c4
 ,et quis tam praeclaram aflinitatem sub
 spe magnae promotionis non optaret8    
,who would not have done as much for    
money and preferment8 as mine author    
#ejea;adds4 ,vortiger1 ,king of         
,britain1 married ,rowena the daughter  
of ,hengist the ,saxon prince1 his      
mortal enemy2 but wherefore8 she had    
,kent for her dowry4 ,iagello the great 
,duke of ,lithuania1 #achf1 was mightily
 enamoured on ,hedenga1 insomuch that he
 turned ,christian from a ,pagan1 and   

was baptised himself by the name of     
,uladislaus1 and all his subjects for   
her sake3 but why was it8 she was       
daughter and heir of ,poland1 and his   
desire was to have both kingdoms        
incorporated into one4 ,charles the     
,great was an earnest suitor to ,irene  
the ,empress1 but1 saith #ejeb,zonarus1 
ob regnum1 to annex the empire of the   
,east to that of the ,west4 ,yet what is
 the event of all such matches1 that are
 so made for money1 goods1 by deceit1 or
 for burning lust1 quos foeda libido    
conjunxit1 what follows8 they are almost
 mad at first1 but 'tis a mere flash2 as
 chaff and straw soon fired1 burn       
vehemently for a while1 yet out in a    
moment2 so are all such matches made by 
those allurements of burning lust2 where
 there is no respect of honesty1        
parentage1 virtue1 religion1 education1 
and the like1 they are extinguished in  
an instant1 and instead of love comes   
hate2 for joy1 repentance and           
desperation itself4 ,franciscus         

,barbarus in his first book de re       
uxoria1 c4 #e1 hath a story of one      
,philip of ,padua that fell in love with
 a common whore1 and was now ready to   
run mad for her2 his father having no   
more sons let him enjoy her2 #ejec;but  
after a few days1 the young man began to
 loath1 could not so much as endure the 
sight of her1 and from one madness fell 
into another4 ,such event commonly have 
all these lovers2 and he that so        
marries1 or for such respects1 let them 
look for no better success than         
,menelaus had with ,helen1 ,vulcan with 
,venus1 ,theseus with ,phaedra1 ,minos  
with ,pasiphae1 and ,claudius with      
,messalina2 shame1 sorrow1 misery1      
melancholy1 discontent4  ,,subsect4     
,,iv4--,importunity and ,opportunity of 
,time1 ,place1 ,conference1 ,discourse1 
,singing1 ,dancing1 ,music1 ,amorous    
,tales1 ,objects1 ,kissing1             
,familiarity1 ,tokens1 ,presents1       
,bribes1 ,promises1 ,protestations1     
,tears1 c4  ,all these allurements      

hitherto are afar off1 and at a         
distance2 ,i will come nearer to those  
other degrees of love1 which are        
conference1 kissing1 dalliance1         
discourse1 singing1 dancing1 amorous    
tales1 objects1 presents1 c41 which as  
so many sirens steal away the hearts of 
men and women4 ,for1 as ,tacitus        
observes1 l4 #b1 #ejed;,it is no        
sufficient trial of a maid's affection  
by her eyes alone1 but you must say     
something that shall be more available1 
and use such other forcible engines2    
therefore take her by the hand1 wring   
her fingers hard1 and sigh withal2 if   
she accept this in good part1 and seem  
not to be much averse1 then call her    
mistress1 take her about the neck and   
kiss her1 c4 ,but this cannot be done   
except they first get opportunity of    
living1 or coming together1 ingress1    
egress1 and regress2 letters and        
commendations may do much1 outward      
gestures and actions3 but when they come
 to live near one another1 in the same  

street1 village1 or together in a house1
 love is kindled on a sudden4 ,many a   
serving-man by reason of this           
opportunity and importunity inveigles   
his master's daughter1 many a gallant   
loves a dowdy1 many a gentleman runs    
upon his wife's maids2 many ladies dote 
upon their men1 as the queen in ,ariosto
 did upon the dwarf1 many matches are so
 made in haste1 and they are compelled  
as it were by #ejeenecessity so to love1
 which had they been free1 come in      
company of others1 seen that variety    
which many places afford1 or compared   
them to a third1 would never have looked
 one upon another4 ,or had not that     
opportunity of discourse and familiarity
 been offered1 they would have loathed  
and contemned those whom1 for want of   
better choice and other objects1 they   
are fatally driven on1 and by reason of 
their hot blood1 idle life1 full diet1  
c41 are forced to dote upon them that   
come next4 ,and many times those which  
at the first sight cannot fancy or      

affect each other1 but are harsh and    
ready to disagree1 offended with each   
other's carriage1 like ,benedict and    
,beatrice in the #ejef;comedy1 and in   
whom they find many faults1 by this     
living together in a house1 conference1 
kissing1 colling1 and such like         
allurements1 begin at last to dote      
insensibly one upon another4 ,it was the
 greatest motive that ,potiphar's wife  
had to dote upon ,joseph1 and           
#ejeg;,clitiphon upon ,leucippe his     
uncle's daughter1 because the plague    
being at ,bizance1 it was his fortune   
for a time to sojourn with her1 to sit  
next her at the table1 as he tells the  
tale himself in ,tatius1 lib4 #b4       
7which1 though it be but a fiction1 is  
grounded upon good observation1 and doth
 well express the passions of lovers71  
he had opportunity to take her by the   
hand1 and after a while to kiss1 and    
handle her paps1 c41 #ejeh which made   
him almost mad4 ,ismenias the orator    
makes the like confession in            

,eustathius1 lib4 #a1 when he came first
 to ,sosthene's house1 and sat at table 
with ,cratistes his friend1 ,ismene1    
,sosthene's daughter1 waiting on them   
with her breasts open1 arms half bare1  
#ejei,nuda pedem1 discincta sinum1      
spoliata lacertos2 after the ,greek     
fashion in those times1--#ejfj nudos    
media plus parte lacertos1 as ,daphne   
was when she fled from ,phoebus 7which  
moved him much71 was ever ready to give 
attendance on him1 to fill him drink1   
her eyes were never off him1 rogabundi  
oculi1 those speaking eyes1 courting    
eyes1 enchanting eyes2 but she was still
 smiling on him1 and when they were     
risen1 that she had got a little        
opportunity1 #ejfashe came and drank to 
him1 and withal trod upon his toes1 and 
would come and go1 and when she could   
not speak for the company1 she would    
wring his hand1 and blush when she met  
him3 and by this means first she        
overcame him 7bibens amorem hauriebam   
simul71 she would kiss the cup and drink

 to him1 and smile1 and drink where he  
drank on that side of the cup1 by which 
mutual compressions1 kissings1 wringing 
of hands1 treading of feet1 c4 ,ipsam   
mihi videbar sorbillare virginem1 ,i    
sipped and sipped so long1 till at      
length ,i was drunk in love upon a      
sudden4 ,philocharinus1 in #ejfb        
,aristaenetus1 met a fair maid by       
chance1 a mere stranger to him1 he      
looked back at her1 she looked back at  
him again1 and smiled withal4           
#ejfc;,ille dies lethi primus1 primusque
 malorum ,causa fuit4------  ,it was the
 sole cause of his farther acquaintance1
 and love that undid him4 #ejfd,o nullis
 tutum credere blanditiis4 ,this        
opportunity of time and place1 with     
their circumstances1 are so forcible    
motives1 that it is impossible almost   
for two young folks equal in years to   
live together1 and not be in love1      
especially in great houses1 princes'    
courts1 where they are idle in summo    
gradu1 fare well1 live at ease1 and     

cannot tell otherwise how to spend their
 time4 #ejfe;,illic ,hippolitum pone1   
,priapus erit4 ,achilles was sent by his
 mother ,thetis to the island of ,scyros
 in the ,aegean sea 7where ,lycomedes   
then reigned7 in his nonage to be       
brought up2 to avoid that hard destiny  
of the oracle 7he should be slain at the
 siege of ,troy73 and for that cause was
 nurtured in ,genesco1 amongst the      
king's children in a woman's habit2 but 
see the event3 he compressed ,deidamia1 
the king's fair daughter1 and had a fine
 son1 called ,pyrrhus by her4 ,peter    
,abelard the philosopher1 as he tells   
the tale himself1 being set by          
,fulbertus her uncle to teach ,heloise  
his lovely niece1 and to that purpose   
sojourned in his house1 and had         
committed agnam tenellam famelico lupo1 
,i use his own words1 he soon got her   
good will1 plura erant oscula quam      
sententiae and he read more of love than
 any other lecture2 such pretty feats   
can opportunity plea2 primum domo       

conjuncti1 inde animis1 c4 ,but when as 
,i say1 nox1 vinum1 et adolescentia1    
youth1 wine1 and night1 shall concur1   
nox amoris et quietis conscia1 'tis a   
wonder they be not all plunged over head
 and ears in love2 for youth is benigna 
in amorem1 et prona materies1 a very    
combustible matter1 naphtha itself1 the 
fuel of love's fire1 and most apt to    
kindle it4 ,if there be seven servants  
in an ordinary house1 you shall have    
three couple in some good liking at     
least1 and amongst idle persons how     
should it be otherwise8 ,living at      
#ejff,rome1 saith ,aretine's ,lucretia1 
in the flower of my fortunes1 rich1     
fair1 young1 and so well brought up1 my 
conversation1 age1 beauty1 fortune1 made
 all the world admire and love me4      
,night alone1 that one occasion1 is     
enough to set all on fire1 and they are 
so cunning in great houses1 that they   
make their best advantage of it3 ,many a
 gentlewoman1 that is guilty to herself 
of her imperfections1 paintings1        

impostures1 will not willingly be seen  
by day1 but as #ejfg;,castilio noteth1  
in the night1 ,diem ut glis odit1       
taedarum lucem super omnia mavult1 she  
hateth the day like a dormouse1 and     
above all things loves torches and      
candlelight1 and if she must come abroad
 in the day1 she covets1 as #ejfh;in a  
mercer's shop1 a very obfuscate and     
obscure sight4 ,and good reason she hath
 for it3 ,nocte latent mendae1 and many 
an amorous gull is fetched over by that 
means4 ,gomesius lib4 #c4 de sale gen4  
c4 #bb4 gives instance in a ,florentine 
gentleman1 that was so deceived with a  
wife1 she was so radiantly set out with 
rings and jewels1 lawns1 scarves1 laces1
 gold1 spangles1 and gaudy devices1 that
 the young man took her to be a goddess 
7for he never saw her but by            
torchlight72 but after the wedding      
solemnities1 when as he viewed her the  
next morning without her tires1 and in a
 clear day1 she was so deformed1 a lean1
 yellow1 shrivelled1 c41 such a beastly 

creature in his eyes1 that he could not 
endure to look upon her4 ,such matches  
are frequently made in ,italy1 where    
they have no other opportunity to woo   
but when they go to church1 or1 as      
#ejfi;in ,turkey1 see them at a         
distance1 they must interchange few or  
no words1 till such time they come to be
 married1 and then as ,sardus lib4 #a4  
cap4 #c4 de morb4 gent4 and             
#ejgj;,bohemus relate of those old      
,lacedaemonians1 the bride is brought   
into the chamber1 with her hair girt    
about her1 the bridegroom comes in and  
unties the knot1 and must not see her at
 all by daylight1 till such time as he  
is made a father by her4 ,in those      
hotter countries these are ordinary     
practices at this day2 but in our       
northern parts1 amongst ,germans1       
,danes1 ,french1 and ,britons1 the      
continent of ,scandia and the rest1 we  
assume more liberty in such cases2 we   
allow them1 as ,bohemus saith1 to kiss  
coming and going1 et modo absit         

lascivia1 in cauponem ducere1 to talk   
merrily1 sport1 play1 sing1 and dance so
 that it be modestly done1 go to the    
alehouse and tavern together4 ,and 'tis 
not amiss1 though #ejga ,chrysostom1    
,cyprian1 ,hierome1 and some other of   
the fathers speak bitterly against it3  
but that is the abuse which is commonly 
seen at some drunken matches1 dissolute 
meetings1 or great unruly feasts4       
#ejgb;,a young1 pickedevanted1          
trim-bearded fellow1 saith ,hierome1    
will come with a company of compliments1
 and hold you up by the arm as you go1  
and wringing your fingers1 will so be   
enticed1 or entice3 one drinks to you1  
another embraceth1 a third kisseth1 and 
all this while the fiddler plays or     
sings a lascivious song2 a fourth       
singles you out to dance1 #ejgcone      
speaks by beck and signs1 and that which
 he dares not say1 signifies by         
passions2 amongst so many and so great  
provocations of pleasure1 lust conquers 
the most hard and crabbed minds1 and    

scarce can a man live honest amongst    
feastings1 and sports1 or at such great 
meetings4 ,for as he goes on1 #ejgdshe  
walks along and with the ruffling of her
 clothes1 makes men look at her1 her    
shoes creak1 her paps tied up1 her waist
 pulled in to make her look small1 she  
is straight girded1 her hairs hang loose
 about her ears1 her upper garment      
sometimes falls1 and sometimes tarries  
to show her naked shoulders1 and as if  
she would not be seen1 she covers that  
in all haste1 which voluntarily she     
showed4 ,and not at feasts1 plays1      
pageants1 and such assemblies1 #ejge;but
 as ,chrysostom objects1 these tricks   
are put in practice at service time in  
churches1 and at the communion itself4  
,if such dumb shows1 signs1 and more    
obscure significations of love can so   
move1 what shall they do that have full 
liberty to sing1 dance1 kiss1 coll1 to  
use all manner of discourse and         
dalliance6 ,what shall he do that is    
beleaguered of all sides8 #ejgf,quem    

tot1 tam roseae petunt puellae1 ,quem   
cultae cupiunt nurus1 amorque ,omnis    
undique et undecunque et usque1 ,omnis  
ambit ,amor1 ,venusque ,hymenque4       
,after whom so many rosy maids inquire1 
,whom dainty dames and loving wights    
desire1 ,in every place1 still1 and at  
all times sue1 ,whom gods and gentle    
goddesses do woo4  ,how shall he        
contain8 ,the very tone of some of their
 voices1 a pretty pleasing speech1 an   
affected tone they use1 is able of      
itself to captivate a young man2 but    
when a good wit shall concur1 art and   
eloquence1 fascinating speech1 pleasant 
discourse1 sweet gestures1 the ,sirens  
themselves cannot so enchant4 #ejgg,p4  
,jovius commends his ,italian           
countrywomen1 to have an excellent      
faculty in this kind1 above all other   
nations1 and amongst them the           
,florentine ladies3 some prefer ,roman  
and ,venetian courtesans1 they have such
 pleasing tongues1 and such #ejgh       
elegancy of speech1 that they are able  

to overcome a saint1 ,pro facie multis  
vox sua lena fuit4 ,tanta gratia vocis  
famam conciliabat1 saith ,petronius     
#ejgi;in his fragment of pure           
impurities1 ,i mean his ,satyricon1 tam 
dulcis sonus permulcebat aera1 ut       
putares inter auras cantare ,syrenum    
concordiam2 she sang so sweetly that she
 charmed the air1 and thou wouldst have 
thought thou hadst heard a concert of   
,sirens4 ,o good ,god1 when ,lais       
speaks1 how sweet it is6 ,philocolus    
exclaims in ,aristenaetus1 to hear a    
fair young gentlewoman play upon the    
virginals1 lute1 viol1 and sing to it1  
which as ,gellius observes1 lib4 #a4    
cap4 #aa4 are lascivientium delicicae1  
the chief delight of lovers1 must needs 
be a great enticement4 ,parthenis was so
 taken4 #ejhj,mi vox ista avida haurit  
ab aure animam3 ,o sister ,harpedona    
7she laments7 ,i am undone1 #ejha;how   
sweetly he sings1 ,i'll speak a bold    
word1 he is the properest man that ever 
,i saw in my life3 ,o how sweetly he    

sings1 ,i die for his sake1 ,o that he  
would love me again6 ,if thou didst but 
hear her sing1 saith #ejhb,lucian1 thou 
wouldst forget father and mother1       
forsake all thy friends1 and follow her4
 ,helena is highly commended by         
#ejhc,theocritus the poet for her sweet 
voice and music2 none could play so well
 as she1 and ,daphnis in the same       
,edyllion1 ,quam tibi os dulce est1 et  
vox amabilis o ,daphni1 ,jucundius est  
audire te canentem1 quam mel lingere6   
,how sweet a face hath ,daphne1 how     
lovely a voice6 ,honey itself is not so 
pleasant in my choice4  ,a sweet voice  
and music are powerful enticers4 ,those 
,samian singing wenches1 ,aristonica1   
,onanthe and ,agathocleia1 regiis       
diadematibus insultarunt1 insulted over 
kings themselves1 as #ejhd,plutarch     
contends4 ,centum luminibus cinctum     
caput ,argus habebat1 ,argus had a      
hundred eyes1 all so charmed by one     
silly pipe1 that he lost his head4      
,clitiphon complains in #ejhe,tatius of 

,leucippe's sweet tunes1 he heard her   
play by chance upon the lute1 and sing a
 pretty song to it in commendations of a
 rose1 out of old ,anacreon belike2     
,rosa honor decusque florum1 ,rosa flos 
odorque divum1 ,hominum rosa est        
voluptas1 ,decus illa ,gratiarum1       
,florente amoris hora1 ,rosa suavium    
,diones1 c4  ,rose the fairest of all   
flowers4 ,rose delight of higher powers1
 ,rose the joy of mortal men1 ,rose the 
pleasure of fine women1 ,rose the       
,graces' ornament1 ,rose ,dione's sweet 
content4  ,to this effect the lovely    
virgin with a melodious air upon her    
golden wired harp or lute1 ,i know not  
well whether1 played and sang1 and that 
transported him beyond himself1 and that
 ravished his heart4 ,it was ,jason's   
discourse as much as his beauty1 or any 
other of his good parts1 which delighted
 ,medea so much4                        
#ejhf------;,delectabatur enim ,animus  
simul forma dulcibusque verbis4  ,it was
 ,cleopatra's sweet voice and pleasant  

speech which inveigled ,antony1 above   
the rest of her enticements4 ,verba     
ligant hominem1 ut taurorum cornua      
funes1 as bulls' horns are bound with   
ropes1 so are men's hearts with pleasant
 words4 ,her words burn as fire1        
,eccles4 ix4 #aj4 ,roxalana bewitched   
,suleiman the ,magnificent1 and ,shore's
 wife by this engine overcame ,edward   
the ,fourth1 #ejhg,omnibus una omnes    
surripuit ,veneres4 ,the wife of ,bath  
in ,chaucer confesseth all this out of  
her experience4 ,some folk desire us for
 riches4 ,some for shape1 some for      
fairness1 ,some for that she can sing or
 dance4 ,some for gentleness1 or for    
dalliance4  #ejhh,peter ,aretine's      
,lucretia telleth as much and more of   
herself1 ,i counterfeited honesty1 as if
 ,i had been virgo virginissima1 more   
than a vestal virgin1 ,i looked like a  
wife1 ,i was so demure and chaste1 ,i   
did add such gestures1 tunes1 speeches1 
signs and motions upon all occasions1   
that my spectators and auditors were    

stupefied1 enchanted1 fastened all to   
their places1 like so many stocks and   
stones4 ,many silly gentlewomen are     
fetched over in like sort1 by a company 
of gulls and swaggering companions1 that
 frequently belie noblemen's favours1   
rhyming ,coribantiasmi1 ,thrasonean     
,rhadomantes or ,bombomachides1 that    
have nothing in them but a few player's 
ends and compliments1 vain              
braggadocians1 impudent intruders1 that 
can discourse at table of knights and   
lords' combats1 like #ejhi,lucian's     
,leonitiscus1 of other men's travels1   
brave adventures1 and such common       
trivial news1 ride1 dance1 sing old     
ballad tunes1 and wear their clothes in 
fashion1 with a good grace2 a fine sweet
 gentleman1 a proper man1 who could not 
love him6 ,she will have him though all 
her friends say no1 though she beg with 
him4 ,some again are incensed by reading
 amorous toys1 ,amadis de ,gaul1        
,palmerin de ,oliva1 the ,knight of the 
,sun1 c41 or hearing such tales of      

#ejijlovers1 descriptions of their      
persons1 lascivious discourses1 such as 
,astyanassa1 ,helen's waiting-woman1 by 
the report of ,suidas1 writ of old1 de  
variis concubitus modis1 and after her  
,philenis and ,elephantine2 or those    
light tracts of#ejia;,aristides         
,milesius 7mentioned by ,plutarch7 and  
found by the ,persians in ,crassus' army
 amongst the spoils1 ,aretine's         
dialogues1 with ditties1 love songs1 c41
 must needs set them on fire1 with such 
like pictures1 as those of ,aretine1 or 
wanton objects of what kind soever2 no  
stronger engine than to hear or read of 
love toys1 fables and discourses        
7#ejibone saith7 and many by this means 
are quite mad4 ,at ,abdera in ,thrace   
7,andromeda one of ,euripides' tragedies
 being played7 the spectators were so   
much moved with the object1 and those   
pathetical love speeches of ,perseus1   
amongst the rest1 ,o ,cupid1 ,prince of 
,gods and men1 c4 that every man almost 
a good while after spake pure iambics1  

and raved still on ,perseus' speech1 ,o 
,cupid1 ,prince of ,gods and men4 ,as   
carmen1 boys and apprentices1 when a new
 song is published with us1 go singing  
that new tune still in the streets1 they
 continually acted that tragical part of
 ,perseus1 and in every man's mouth was 
,o ,cupid1 in every street1 ,o ,cupid1  
in every house almost1 ,o ,cupid1       
,prince of ,gods and men1 pronouncing   
still like stage-players1 ,o ,cupid2    
they were so possessed all with that    
rapture1 and thought of that pathetical 
love speech1 they could not a long time 
after forget1 or drive it out of their  
minds1 but ,o ,cupid1 ,prince of ,gods  
and men1 was ever in their mouths4 ,this
 belike made ,aristotle1 ,polit4 lib4   
#g4 cap4 #ah4 forbid young men to see   
comedies1 or to hear amorous tales4     
#ejic;,haec igitur juvenes nequam       
facilesque puellae ,inspiciant------    
let not young folks meddle at all with  
such matters4 ,and this made the        
,romans1 as #ejid,vitruvius relates1 put

 ,venus' temple in the suburbs1 extra   
murum1 ne adolescentes venereis         
insuescant1 to avoid all occasions and  
objects4 ,for what will not such an     
object do8 ,ismenias1 as he walked in   
,sosthene's garden1 being now in love1  
when he saw so many #ejielascivious     
pictures1 ,thetis' marriage1 and ,i know
 not what1 was almost beside himself4   
,and to say truth1 with a lascivious    
object who is not moved1 to see others  
dally1 kiss1 dance8 ,and much more when 
he shall come to be an actor himself4   
,to kiss and be kissed1 which1 amongst  
other lascivious provocations1 is as a  
burden in a song1 and a most forcible   
battery1 as infectious1 #ejif ,xenophon 
thinks1 as the poison of a spider2 a    
great allurement1 a fire itself1        
prooemium aut anticoenium1 the prologue 
of burning lust 7as ,apuleius adds71    
lust itself1 #ejig,venus quinta parte   
sui nectaris imbuit1 a strong assault1  
that conquers captains1 and those all   
commanding forces1 7#ejih;,domasque     

ferro sed domaris osculo74              
#ejii;,aretine's ,lucretia1 when she    
would in kindness overcome a suitor of  
hers1 and have her desire of him1 took  
him about the neck1 and kissed him again
 and again1 and to that1 which she could
 not otherwise effect1 she made him so  
speedily and willingly condescend4 ,and 
'tis a continual assault1--#eajj;hoc non
 deficit incipitque semper1 always      
fresh1 and ready to #eaja;begin as at   
first1 basium nullo fine terminatur1 sed
 semper recens est1 and hath a fiery    
touch with it4 #eajb------,tenta modo   
tangere corpus1 ,jam tua mellifluo      
membra calore fluent4  ,especially when 
they shall be lasciviously given1 as he 
feelingly said1 #eajc;et me praessulum  
deosculata ,fotis1 ,catenatis lacertis1 
#eajd ,obtorto valgiter labello4        
#eaje,valgiis suaviis1 ,dum semiulco    
suavio ,meam puellam suavior1 ,anima    
tunc aegra et saucia ,concurrit ad labia
 mihi4  ,the soul and all is moved2     
#eajf;,jam pluribus osculis labra       

crepitabant1 animarum quoque mixturam   
facientes1 inter mutuos complexus animas
 anhelantes1 #eajg;,haesimus calentes1  
,et transfudimus hinc et hinc labellis  
,errantes animas1 valete curae4  ,they  
breathe out their souls and spirits     
together with their kisses1 saith       
#eajh;,balthazar ,castilio1 change      
hearts and spirits1 and mingle          
affections as they do kisses1 and it is 
rather a connection of the mind than of 
the body4 ,and although these kisses be 
delightsome and pleasant1 ,ambrosial    
kisses1 #eaji,suaviolum dulci dulcius   
,ambrosia1 such as #eaaj ,ganymede gave 
,jupiter1 ,nectare suavius1 sweeter than
 #eaaanectar1 balsam1 honey1            
#eaab,oscula merum amorem stillantia1   
love-dropping kisses2 for ,the          
gilliflower1 the rose is not so sweet1  
,as sugared kisses be when lovers meet2 
,yet they leave an irksome impression1  
like that of aloes or gall1 #eaac,ut mi 
ex ,ambrosia1 mutatum jam foret illud   
,suaviolum tristi tristius helleboro4   

,at first ,ambrose itself was not       
sweeter1 ,at last black hellebore was   
not so bitter4  ,they are deceitful     
kisses1 #eaad,quid me mollibus implicas 
lacertis8 ,quid fallacibus osculis      
inescas8c4  ,why dost within thine arms 
me lap1 ,and with false kisses me       
entrap4  ,they are destructive1 and the 
more the worse3 #eaae;,et quae me       
perdunt1 oscula mille dabat1 they are   
the bane of these miserable lovers4     
,there be honest kisses1 ,i deny not1   
osculum charitatis1 friendly kisses1    
modest kisses1 vestal-virgin kisses1    
officious and ceremonial kisses1 c4     
,osculi sensus1 brachiorum amplexus1    
kissing and embracing are proper gifts  
of ,nature to a man2 but these are too  
lascivious kisses1 #eaaf;,implicuitque  
suos circum meet colla lacertos1 c4 too 
continuate and too violent1             
#eaag;,brachia non hederae1 non vincunt 
oscula conchae2 they cling like ivy1    
close as an oyster1 bill as doves1      
meretricious kisses1 biting of lips1 cum

 additamento3 ,tam impresso ore 7saith  
#eaah,lucian7 ut vix labia detrahant1   
inter deosculandum mordicantes1 tum et  
os aperientes quoque et mammas          
attrectantes1 c4 such kisses as she gave
 to ,gyton1 innumera oscula dedit non   
repugnanti puero1 cervicem invadens1    
innumerable kisses1 c4 ,more than       
kisses1 or too homely kisses3 as those  
that #eaai;he spake of1 ,accepturus ab  
ipsa venere #g1 suavia1 c4 with such    
other obscenities that vain lovers use1 
which are abominable and pernicious4    
,if1 as ,peter de ,ledesmo cas4 cons4   
holds1 every kiss a man gives his wife  
after marriage1 be mortale peccatum1 a  
mortal sin1 or that of #eabj;,hierome1  
,adulter est quisquis in uxorem suam    
ardentior est amator2 or that of ,thomas
 ,secund4 quaest4 #aed4 artic4 #d4      
contactus et osculum sit mortale        
peccatum1 or that of ,durand4 ,rational4
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #aj4 abstinere debent    
conjuges a complexu1 toto tempore quo   
solennitas nuptiarum interdicitur1 what 

shall become of all such #eaba;immodest 
kisses and obscene actions1 the         
forerunners of brutish lust1 if not lust
 itself6 ,what shall become of them that
 often abuse their own wives8 ,but what 
have ,i to do with this8 ,that which ,i 
aim at1 is to show you the progress of  
this burning lust2 to epitomise         
therefore all this which ,i have        
hitherto said1 with a familiar example  
out of that elegant ,musaeus1 observe   
but with me those amorous proceedings of
 ,leander and ,hero3 they began first to
 look one on another with a lascivious  
look1 ,oblique intuens inde nutibus1--  
,nutibus mutuis inducens in errorem     
mentem puellae4 ,et illa e contra       
nutibus mutuis juvenis ,leandri quod    
amorem non renuit1 c4 ,inde ,adibat in  
tenebris tacite quidem stringens ,roseos
 puellae digitos1 ex imo suspirabat     
,vehementer------,inde ,virginis autem  
bene olens collum osculatus4 ,tale      
verbum ait amoris ictus stimulo1 ,preces
 audi et amoris miserere mei1 c4 ,sic   

fatus recusantis persuasit mentem       
puellae4   ,with becks and nods he first
 began ,to try the wench's mind4  ,with 
becks and nods and smiles again ,an     
answer he did find4  ,and in the dark he
 took her by the hand1 ,and wrung it    
hard1 and sighed grievously1 ,and kiss'd
 her too1 and woo'd her as he might1    
,with pity me1 sweetheart1 or else ,i   
die1 ,and with such words and gestures  
as there past1 ,he won his mistress'    
favour at the last4  ,the same          
proceeding is elegantly described by    
,apollonius in his ,argonautics1 between
 ,jason and ,medea1 by ,eustathius in   
the ten books of the loves of ,ismenias 
and ,ismene1 ,achilles ,tatius between  
his ,clitophon and ,leucippe1 ,chaucer's
 neat poem of ,troilus and ,cresseide2  
and in that notable tale in ,petronius  
of a soldier and a gentlewoman of       
,ephesus1 that was so famous all over   
,asia for her chastity1 and that mourned
 for her husband3 the soldier wooed her 
with such rhetoric as lovers use to     

do1--placitone etiam pugnabis amori8 c4 
at last1 frangi pertinaciam passa est1  
he got her good will1 not only to       
satisfy his lust1 #eabb;but to hang her 
dead husband's body on the cross 7which 
he watched instead of the thief's that  
was newly stolen away71 whilst he wooed 
her in her cabin4 ,these are tales1 you 
will say1 but they have most significant
 morals1 and do well express those      
ordinary proceedings of doting lovers4  
,many such allurements there are1 nods1 
jests1 winks1 smiles1 wrestlings1       
tokens1 favours1 symbols1 letters1      
valentines1 c4 ,for which cause belike1 
,godfridus lib4 #b4 de amor4 would not  
have women learn to write4 ,many such   
provocations are used when they come in 
presence1 #eabcaj they will and will    
not1 ,malo me ,galatea petit lasciva    
puella1 ,et fugit ad salices1 et se     
cupit ante videri4   ,my mistress with  
an apple woos me1 ,and hastily to covert
 goes  ,to hide herself1 but would be   
seen ,with all her heart before1 ,god   

knows4  ,hero so tripped away from      
,leander as one displeased1 #eabd,yet as
 she went full often look'd behind1 ,and
 many poor excuses did she find ,to     
linger by the way1------  but if he     
chance to overtake her1 she is most     
averse1 nice and coy1 ,denegat et       
pugnat1 sed vult super omnia vinci4     
,she seems not won1 but won she is at   
length1 ,in such wars women use but half
 their strength4  ,sometimes they lie   
open and are most tractable and coming1 
apt1 yielding1 and willing to embrace1  
to take a green gown1 with that         
shepherdess in ,theocritus1 ,edyl4 #bg4 
to let their coats1 c41 to play and     
dally1 at such seasons1 and to some1 as 
they spy their advantage2 and then coy1 
close again1 so nice1 so surly1 so      
demure1 you had much better tame a colt1
 catch or ride a wild horse1 than get   
her favour1 or win her love1 not a look1
 not a smile1 not a kiss for a kingdom4 
#eabe;,aretine's ,lucretia was an       
excellent artisan in this kind1 as she  

tells her own tale1 ,though ,i was by   
nature and art most beautiful and fair1 
yet by these tricks ,i seemed to be far 
more amiable than ,i was1 for that which
 men earnestly seek and cannot attain1  
draws on their affection with a most    
furious desire4 ,i had a suitor loved me
 dearly 7said she71 and the #eabfmore he
 gave me1 the more eagerly he wooed me1 
the more ,i seemed to neglect1 to scorn 
him1 and which ,i commonly gave others1 
,i would not let him see me1 converse   
with me1 no1 not have a kiss4 ,to gull  
him the more1 and fetch him over 7for   
him only ,i aimed at7 ,i personated mine
 own servant to bring in a present from 
a ,spanish count1 whilst he was in my   
company1 as if he had been the count's  
servant1 which he did excellently well  
perform3 #eabg;,comes de monte ,turco1  
my lord and master hath sent your       
ladyship a small present1 and part of   
his hunting1 a piece of venison1 a      
pheasant1 a few partridges1 c4 7all     
which she bought with her own money71   

commends his love and service to you1   
desiring you to accept of it in good    
part1 and he means very shortly to come 
and see you4 ,withal she showed him     
rings1 gloves1 scarves1 coronets which  
others had sent her1 when there was no  
such matter1 but only to circumvent him4
 #eabh;,by these means 7as she          
concludes7 ,i made the poor gentleman so
 mad1 that he was ready to spend        
himself1 and venture his dearest blood  
for my sake4 ,philinna1 in #eabi,lucian1
 practised all this long before1 as it  
shall appear unto you by her discourse2 
for when ,diphilus her sweetheart came  
to see her 7as his daily custom was7 she
 frowned upon him1 would not vouchsafe  
him her company1 but kissed ,lamprius   
his co-rival1 at the same time          
#eacj;before his face3 but why was it8  
,to make him 7as she telleth her mother 
that chid her for it7 more jealous2 to  
whet his love1 to come with a greater   
appetite1 and to know that her favour   
was not so easy to be had4 ,many other  

tricks she used besides this 7as she    
there confesseth71 for she would fall   
out with1 and anger him of set purpose1 
pick quarrels upon no occasion1 because 
she would be reconciled to him again4   
,amantium irae amoris redintegratio1 as 
the old saying is1 the falling out of   
lovers is the renewing of love2 and     
according to that of ,aristenaetis1     
jucundiores amorum post injurias        
deliciae1 love is increased by injuries1
 as the sunbeams are more gracious after
 a cloud4 ,and surely this aphorism is  
most true2 for as ,ampelis informs      
,crisis in the said ,lucian1 #eaca;,if a
 lover be not jealous1 angry1 waspish1  
apt to fall out1 sigh and swear1 he is  
no true lover4 ,to kiss and coll1 hang  
about her neck1 protest1 swear and wish1
 are but ordinary symptoms1 incipientis 
adhuc et crescentis amoris signa2 but if
 he be jealous1 angry1 apt to mistake1  
c41 bene speres licet1 sweet sister he  
is thine own2 yet if you let him alone1 
humour him1 please him1 c41 and that he 

perceive once he hath you sure1 without 
any co-rival1 his love will languish1   
and he will not care so much for you4   
,hitherto 7saith she7 can ,i speak out  
of experience2 ,demophantus a rich      
fellow was a suitor of mine1 ,i seemed  
to neglect him1 and gave better         
entertainment to ,calliades the painter 
before his face1 principio abiit1 verbis
 me insectatus1 at first he went away   
all in a chafe1 cursing and swearing1   
but at last he came submitting himself1 
vowing and protesting he loved me most  
dearly1 ,i should have all he had1 and  
that he would kill himself for my sake4 
,therefore ,i advise thee 7dear sister  
,crisis7 and all maids1 not to use your 
suitors over kindly2 insolentes enim    
sunt hoc cum sentiunt1 'twill make them 
proud and insolent2 but now and then    
reject them1 estrange thyself1 et si me 
audies semel atque iterum exclude1 shut 
him out of doors once or twice1 let him 
dance attendance2 follow my counsel1 and
 by this means #eacbyou shall make him  

mad1 come off roundly1 stand to any     
conditions1 and do whatsoever you will  
have him4 ,these are the ordinary       
practices2 yet in the said ,lucian1     
,melissa methinks had a trick beyond all
 this2 for when her suitor came coldly  
on1 to stir him up1 she writ one of his 
co-rival's names and her own in a paper1
 ,melissa amat ,hermotimum1 ,hermotimus 
,mellissam1 causing it to be stuck upon 
a post1 for all gazers to behold1 and   
lost it in the way where he used to     
walk2 which when the silly novice       
perceived1 statim ut legit credidit1    
instantly apprehended it was so1 came   
raving to me1 c4 #eacc;and so when ,i   
was in despair of his love1 four months 
after ,i recovered him again4 ,eugenia  
drew ,timocles for her valentine1 and   
wore his name a long time after in her  
bosom3 ,camaena singled out ,pamphilus  
to dance1 at ,myson's wedding 7some     
say71 for there she saw him first2      
,felicianus overtook ,caelia by the     
highway side1 offered his service1      

thence came further acquaintance1 and   
thence came love4 ,but who can repeat   
half their devices8 ,what ,aretine      
experienced1 what conceited ,lucian1 or 
wanton ,aristenaetus8 ,they will deny   
and take1 stiffly refuse1 and yet       
earnestly seek the same1 repel to make  
them come with more eagerness1 fly from 
if you follow1 but if averse1 as a      
shadow they will follow you again1      
fugientem sequitur1 sequentem fugit2    
with a regaining retreat1 a gentle      
reluctancy1 a smiling threat1 a pretty  
pleasant peevishness they will put you  
off1 and have a thousand such several   
enticements4 ,for as he saith1          
#eacd,non est forma satis1 nec quae vult
 bella videri1 ,debet vulgari more      
placere suis4  ,dicta1 sales1 lusus1    
sermones1 gratia1 risus1 ,vincunt       
naturae candidioris opus4   ',tis not   
enough though she be fair of hue1 ,for  
her to use this vulgar compliment3 ,but 
pretty toys and jests1 and saws and     
smiles1 ,as far beyond what beauty can  

attempt4  #eace;,for this cause belike  
,philostratus1 in his images1 makes     
diverse loves1 some young1 some of one  
age1 some of another1 some winged1 some 
of one sex1 some of another1 some with  
torches1 some with golden apples1 some  
with darts1 gins1 snares1 and other     
engines in their hands1 as ,propertius  
hath prettily painted them out1 lib4 #b4
 et #bi4 and which some interpret1      
diverse enticements1 or diverse         
affections of lovers1 which if not      
alone1 yet jointly may batter and       
overcome the strongest constitutions4   
,it is reported of ,decius1 and         
,valerianus1 those two notorious        
persecutors of the church1 that when    
they could enforce a young ,christian by
 no means 7as #eacf;,hierome records7 to
 sacrifice to their idols1 by no        
torments or promises1 they took another 
course to tempt him3 they put him into a
 fair garden1 and set a young courtesan 
to dally with him1 #eacgtook him about  
the neck and kissed him1 and that which 

is not to be named1 manibusque          
attrectare1 c41 and all those           
enticements which might be used1 that   
whom torments could not1 love might     
batter and beleaguer4 ,but such was his 
constancy1 she could not overcome1 and  
when this last engine would take no     
place1 they left him to his own ways4   
,at #each;,berkley in ,gloucestershire1 
there was in times past a nunnery 7saith
 ,gualterus ,mapes1 an old              
historiographer1 that lived #djj years  
since71 of which there was a noble and a
 fair lady abbess3 ,godwin1 that subtile
 ,earl of ,kent1 travelling that way1   
7seeking not her but hers7 leaves a     
nephew of his1 a proper young gallant   
7as if he had been sick7 with her1 till 
he came back again1 and gives the young 
man charge so long to counterfeit1 till 
he had deflowered the abbess1 and as    
many besides of the nuns as he could1   
and leaves him withal rings1 jewels1    
girdles1 and such toys to give them     
still1 when they came to visit him4 ,the

 young man1 willing to undergo such a   
business1 played his part so well1 that 
in short space he got up most of their  
bellies1 and when he had done1 told his 
lord how he had sped3 #eaci;his lord    
made instantly to the court1 tells the  
king how such a nunnery was become a    
bawdy-house1 procures a visitation1 gets
 them to be turned out1 and begs the    
lands to his own use4 ,this story ,i do 
therefore repeat1 that you may see of   
what force these enticements are1 if    
they be opportunely used1 and how hard  
it is even for the most averse and      
sanctified souls to resist such         
allurements4 ,john ,major in the life of
 ,john the monk1 that lived in the days 
of ,theodosius1 commends the hermit to  
have been a man of singular continency1 
and of a most austere life2 but one     
night by chance the devil came to his   
cell in the habit of a young market     
wench that had lost her way1 and desired
 for ,god's sake some lodging with him4 
#eadj,the old man let her in1 and after 

some common conference of her mishap1   
she began to inveigle him with          
lascivious talk and jests1 to play with 
his beard1 to kiss him1 and do worse1   
till at last she overcame him4 ,as he   
went to address himself to that         
business1 she vanished on a sudden1 and 
the devils in the air laughed him to    
scorn4 ,whether this be a true story1 or
 a tale1 ,i will not much contend1 it   
serves to illustrate this which ,i have 
said4 ,yet were it so1 that these of    
which ,i have hitherto spoken1 and such 
like enticing baits1 be not sufficient1 
there be many others1 which will of     
themselves intend this passion of       
burning lust1 amongst which1 dancing is 
none of the least2 and it is an engine  
of such force1 ,i may not omit it4      
,incitamentum libidinis1 ,petrarch calls
 it1 the spur of lust4 ,a #eada circle  
of which the devil himself is the       
centre4 #eadb,many women that use it1   
have come dishonest home1 most          
indifferent1 none better4 #eadc ,another

 terms it the companion of all filthy   
delights and enticements1 and 'tis not  
easily told what inconveniences come by 
it1 what scurrile talk1 obscene actions1
 and many times such monstrous gestures1
 such lascivious motions1 such wanton   
tunes1 meretricious kisses1 homely      
embracings4 #eadd------7ut ,gaditana    
canoro ,incipiat prurire choro1         
plausuque probatae ,ad terram tremula   
descendant clune puellae1 ,irritamentum 
,veneris languentis7------  that it will
 make the spectators mad4 ,when that    
epitomiser of #eade,trogus had to the   
full described and set out ,king        
,ptolemy's riot as a chief engine and   
instrument of his overthrow1 he adds1   
tympanum et tripudium1 fiddling and     
dancing3 the king was not a spectator   
only1 but a principal actor himself4 ,a 
thing nevertheless frequently used1 and 
part of a gentlewoman's bringing up1 to 
sing1 dance1 and play on the lute1 or   
some such instrument1 before she can say
 her paternoster1 or ten commandments4  

',tis the next way their parents think  
to get them husbands1 they are compelled
 to learn1 and by that means1           
#eadf;,incoestos amores de tenero       
meditantur ungue2 'tis a great          
allurement as it is often used1 and many
 are undone by it4 ,thais1 in ,lucian1  
inveigled ,lamprias in a dance1         
,herodias so far pleased ,herod1 that   
she made him swear to give her what she 
would ask1 ,john ,baptist's head in a   
platter4 #eadg,robert1 ,duke of         
,normandy1 riding by ,falais1 spied     
,arlette1 a fair maid1 as she danced on 
a green1 and was so much enamoured with 
the object1 that #eadhshe must needs lie
 with her that night4 ,owen ,tudor won  
,queen ,catherine's affection in4 a     
dance1 falling by chance with his head  
in her lap4 ,who cannot parallel these  
stories out of his experience8          
,speusippas a noble gallant in #eadithat
 ,greek ,aristenaetus1 seeing ,panareta 
a fair young gentlewoman dancing by     
accident1 was so far in love with her1  

that for a long time after he could     
think of nothing but ,panareta3 he came 
raving home full of ,panareta3 ,who     
would not admire her1 who would not love
 her1 that should but see her dance as  
,i did8 ,o admirable1 ,o divine         
,panareta6 ,i have seen old and new     
,rome1 many fair cities1 many proper    
women1 but never any like to ,panareta1 
they are dross1 dowdies all to          
,panareta6 ,o how she danced1 how she   
tripped1 how she turned1 with what a    
grace6 happy is that man that shall     
enjoy her4 ,o most incomparable1 only1  
,panareta6 ,when ,xenophon1 in          
,symposio1 or ,banquet1 had discoursed  
of love1 and used all the engines that  
might be devised1 to move ,socrates1    
amongst the rest1 to stir him the more1 
he shuts up all with a pleasant         
interlude or dance of ,dionysius and    
,ariadne4 #eaej;,first ,ariadne dressed 
like a bride came in and took her place2
 by and by ,dionysius entered1 dancing  
to the music4 ,the spectators did all   

admire the young man's carriage2 and    
,ariadne herself was so much affected   
with the sight1 that she could scarce   
sit4 ,after a while ,dionysius beholding
 ,ariadne1 and incensed with love1      
bowing to her knees1 embraced her first1
 and kissed her with a grace2 she       
embraced him again1 and kissed him with 
like affection1 c41 as the dance        
required2 but they that stood by1 and   
saw this1 did much applaud and commend  
them both for it4 ,and when ,dionysius  
rose up1 he raised her up with him1 and 
many pretty gestures1 embraces1 kisses1 
and love compliments passed between     
them3 which when they saw fair ,bacchus 
and beautiful ,ariadne so sweetly and so
 unfeignedly kissing each other1 so     
really embracing1 they swore they loved 
indeed1 and were so inflamed with the   
object1 that they began to rouse up     
themselves1 as if they would have flown4
 ,at the last when they saw them still1 
so willingly embracing1 and now ready to
 go to the bride-chamber1 they were so  

ravished1 with it1 that they that were  
unmarried1 swore they would forthwith   
marry1 and those that were married      
called instantly for their horses1 and  
galloped home to their wives4 ,what     
greater motive can there be than this   
burning lust8 what so violent an        
oppugner8 ,not without good cause       
therefore so many general councils      
condemn it1 so many fathers abhor it1 so
 many grave men speak against it2 ,use  
not the company of a woman1 saith       
,siracides1 #h4 #d4 that is a singer1 or
 a dancer2 neither hear1 lest thou be   
taken in her craftiness4 ,in circo non  
tam cernitur quam discitur libido4      
#eaea;,haedus holds1 lust in theatres is
 not seen1 but learned4 ,gregory        
,nazianzen that eloquent divine1        
7#eaeb;as he relates the story himself17
 when a noble friend of his solemnly    
invited him with other bishops1 to his  
daughter ,olympia's wedding1 refused to 
come3 #eaec;,for it is absurd to see an 
old gouty bishop sit amongst dancers2 he

 held it unfit to be a spectator1 much  
less an actor4 ,nemo saltat sobrius1    
,tully writes1 he is not a sober man    
that danceth2 for some such reason      
7belike7 ,domitian forbade the ,roman   
senators to dance1 and for that fact    
removed many of them from the senate4   
,but these1 you will say1 are lascivious
 and ,pagan dances1 'tis the abuse that 
causeth such inconvenience1 and ,i do   
not well therefore to condemn1 speak    
against1 or innocently to accuse the    
best and pleasantest thing 7so          
#eaed,lucian calls it7 that belongs to  
mortal men4 ,you misinterpret1 ,i       
condemn it not2 ,i hold it              
notwithstanding an honest disport1 a    
lawful recreation1 if it be opportune1  
moderately and soberly used3 ,i am of   
,plutarch's mind1 #eaeethat which       
respects pleasure alone1 honest         
recreation1 or bodily exercise1 ought   
not to be rejected and contemned3 ,i    
subscribe to #eaef,lucian1 'tis an      
elegant thing1 which cheereth up the    

mind1 exerciseth the body1 delights the 
spectators1 which teacheth many comely  
gestures1 equally affecting the ears1   
eyes1 and soul itself4 ,sallust         
discommends singing and dancing in      
,sempronia1 not that she did sing or    
dance1 but that she did it in excess1   
'tis the abuse of it2 and ,gregory's    
refusal doth not simply condemn it1 but 
in some folks4 ,many will not allow men 
and women to dance together1 because it 
is a provocation to lust3 they may as   
well1 with ,lycurgus and ,mahomet1 cut  
down all vines1 forbid the drinking of  
wine1 for that it makes some men drunk4 
#eaeg,nihil prodest quod non laedere    
posset idem2 ,igne quid utilius8------  
,i say of this as of all other honest   
recreations1 they are like fire1 good   
and bad1 and ,i see no such             
inconvenience1 but that they may so     
dance1 if it be done at due times1 and  
by fit persons3 and conclude with       
,wolfungus #eaeh;,hider1 and most of our
 modern divines3 ,si decorae1 graves1   

verecundae1 plena luce bonorum virorum  
et matronarum honestarum1 tempestive    
fiant1 probari possunt1 et debent4      
,there is a time to mourn1 a time to    
dance1 ,eccles4 iii4 #d4 ,let them take 
their pleasures then1 and as #eaei he   
said of old1 young men and maids        
flourishing in their age1 fair and      
lovely to behold1 well attired1 and of  
comely carriage1 dancing a ,greek       
galliard1 and as their dance required1  
kept their time1 now turning1 now       
tracing1 now apart now altogether1 now a
 courtesy then a caper1 c41 and it was a
 pleasant sight to see those pretty     
knots1 and swimming figures4 ,the sun   
and moon 7some say7 dance about the     
earth1 the three upper planets about the
 sun as their centre1 now stationary1   
now direct1 now retrograde1 now in      
apogee1 then in perigee1 now swift then 
slow1 occidental1 oriental1 they turn   
round1 jump and trace1  and  about the  
sun with those thirty-three ,maculae or 
,bourbonian planet1 circa ,solem        

saltantes ,cytharedum1 saith ,fromundus4
 ,four ,medicean stars dance about      
,jupiter1 two ,austrian about ,saturn1  
c41 and all 7belike7 to the music of the
 spheres4 ,our greatest counsellors1 and
 staid senators1 at some times dance1 as
 ,david before the ark1 #b ,sam4 vi4    
#ad4 ,miriam1 ,exod4 xv4 #bj4 ,judith1  
xv4 #ac4 7though the devil hence perhaps
 hath brought in those bawdy            
bacchanals71 and well may they do it4   
,the greatest soldiers1 as #eafj        
,quintilianus1 #eafa;,aemilius ,probus1 
#eafb;,coelius ,rhodiginus1 have proved 
at large1 still use it in ,greece1      
,rome1 and the most worthy senators1    
cantare1 saltare4 ,lucian1 ,macrobius1  
,libanus1 ,plutarch1 ,julius1 ,pollux1  
,athenaeus1 have written just tracts in 
commendation of it4 ,in this our age it 
is in much request in those countries1  
as in all civil commonwealths1 as       
,alexander ab ,alexandro1 lib4 #d4 cap4 
#aj4 et lib4 #b4 cap4 #be4 hath proved  
at large1 #eafc;amongst the barbarians  

themselves none so precious2 all the    
world allows it4 #eafd;,divitias        
contemno tuas1 rex ,craese1 tuamque     
,vendo ,asiam1 unguentis1 flore1 mero1  
choreis4  #eafe,plato1 in his           
,commonwealth1 will have dancing-schools
 to be maintained1 that young folks     
might meet1 be acquainted1 see one      
another1 and be seen2 nay more1 he would
 have them dance naked2 and scoffs at   
them that laugh at it4 ,but ,eusebius   
praepar4 ,evangel4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #aa4   
and ,theodoret lib4 #i4 curat4 graec4   
affect4 worthily lash him for it2 and   
well they might3 for as one saith1      
#eaffthe very sight of naked parts      
causeth enormous1 exceeding             
concupiscences1 and stirs up both men   
and women to burning lust4 ,there is a  
mean in all things3 this is my censure  
in brief2 dancing is a pleasant         
recreation of body and mind1 if sober   
and modest 7such as our ,christian      
dances are72 if tempestively used1 a    
furious motive to burning lust2 if as by

 ,pagans heretofore1 unchastely abused4 
,but ,i proceed4 ,if these allurements  
do not take place1 for #eafg,simierus1  
that great master of dalliance1 shall   
not behave himself better1 the more     
effectually to move others1 and satisfy 
their lust1 they will swear and lie1    
promise1 protest1 forge1 counterfeit1   
brag1 bribe1 flatter and dissemble of   
all sides4 ',twas ,lucretia's counsel in
 ,aretine1 ,si vis amica frui1 promitte1
 finge1 jura1 perjura1 jacta1 simula1   
mentire2 and they put it well in        
practice1 as ,apollo to ,daphne1        
#eafh------mihi ,delphica tellus ,et    
,claros et ,tenedos1 patareaque regia   
servit1 ,jupiter est genitor------      
,delphos1 ,claros1 and ,tenedos serve   
me1 ,and ,jupiter is known my sire to   
be4  #eafi,the poorest swains will do as
 much1 #eagj,mille pecus nivei sunt et  
mihi vallibus agni2 ,i have a thousand  
sheep1 good store of cattle1 and they   
are all at her command1 #eaga------,tibi
 nos1 tibi nostra supellex1 ,ruraque    

servierint------  house1 land1 goods1   
are at her service1 as he is himself4   
,dinomachus1 a senator's son in         
#eagb,lucian1 in love with a wench      
inferior to him in birth and fortunes1  
the sooner to accomplish his desire1    
wept unto her1 and swore he loved her   
with all his heart1 and her alone1 and  
that as soon as ever his father died 7a 
very rich man and almost decrepit7 he   
would make her his wife4 ,the maid by   
chance made her mother acquainted with  
the business1 who being an old fox1 well
 experienced in such matters1 told her  
daughter1 now ready to yield to his     
desire1 that he meant nothing less1 for 
dost thou think he will ever care for   
thee1 being a poor wench1 #eagcthat may 
have his choice of all the beauties in  
the city1 one noble by birth1 with so   
many talents1 as young1 better          
qualified1 and fairer than thyself8     
daughter believe him not3 the maid was  
abashed1 and so the matter broke off4   
,when ,jupiter wooed ,juno first        

7,lilius ,giraldus relates it out of an 
old comment on ,theocritus7 the better  
to effect his suit1 he turned himself   
into a cuckoo1 and spying her one day   
walking alone1 separated from the other 
goddesses1 caused a tempest suddenly to 
arise1 for fear of which she fled to    
shelter2 ,jupiter to avoid the storm    
likewise flew into her lap1 in virginis 
,junonis gremium devolavit1 whom ,juno  
for pity covered in her #eagd;apron4    
,but he turned himself forthwith into   
his own shape1 began to embrace and     
offer violence unto her1 sed illa matris
 metu abnuebat1 but she by no means     
would yield1 donec pollicitus connubium 
obtinuit1 till he vowed and swore to    
marry her1 and then she gave consent4   
,this fact was done at ,thornax hill1   
which ever after was called ,cuckoo     
hill1 and in perpetual remembrance there
 was a temple erected to ,telia ,juno in
 the same place4 ,so powerful are fair  
promises1 vows1 oaths and protestations4
 ,it is an ordinary thing too in this   

case to belie their age1 which widows   
usually do1 that mean to marry again1   
and bachelors too sometimes1            
#eage;,cujus octavum trepidavit aetas1  
cernere lustrum2  to say they are       
younger than they are4 ,carmides in the 
said ,lucian loved ,philematium1 an old 
maid of forty-five years2 #eagfshe swore
 to him she was but thirty-two next     
,december4 ,but to dissemble in this    
kind1 is familiar of all sides1 and     
often it takes4 #eagg;,fallere credentem
 res est operosa puellam1 'tis soon     
done1 no such great mastery1 ,egregiam  
vero laudem1 et spolia ampla1--and      
nothing so frequent as to belie their   
estates1 to prefer their suits1 and to  
advance themselves4 ,many men to fetch  
over a young woman1 widows1 or whom they
 love1 will not stick to crack1 forge   
and feign any thing comes next1 bid his 
boy fetch his cloak1 rapier1 gloves1    
jewels1 c4 in such a chest1             
scarlet-golden-tissue breeches1 c4 when 
there is no such matter2 or make any    

scruple to give out1 as he did in       
,petronius1 that he was master of a     
ship1 kept so many servants1 and to     
personate their part the better take    
upon them to be gentlemen of good       
houses1 well descended and allied1 hire 
apparel at brokers1 some scavenger or   
prick-louse tailors to attend upon them 
for the time1 swear they have great     
possessions1 #eagh;bribe1 lie1 cog1 and 
foist how dearly they love1 how bravely 
they will maintain her1 like any lady1  
countess1 duchess1 or queen2 they shall 
have gowns1 tiers1 jewels1 coaches1 and 
caroches1 choice diet1 ,the heads of    
parrots1 tongues of nightingales1 ,the  
brains of peacocks1 and of ostriches1   
,their bath shall be the juice of       
gilliflowers1 ,spirit of roses and of   
violets1 ,the milk of unicorns1 c4  as  
old ,volpone courted ,celia in the      
#eagi;comedy1 when as they are no such  
men1 not worth a groat1 but mere        
sharkers1 to make a fortune1 to get     
their desire1 or else pretend love to   

spend their idle hours1 to be more      
welcome1 and for better entertainment4  
,the conclusion is1 they mean nothing   
less1 #eahj,nil metuunt jurare1 nihil   
promittere curant3 ,sed simul accupidae 
mentis satiata libido est1 ,dicta nihil 
metuere1 nihil perjuria curant2  ,oaths1
 vows1 promises1 are much protested2    
,but when their mind and lust is        
satisfied1 ,oaths1 vows1 promises1 are  
quite neglected2  though he solemnly    
swear by the genius of ,caesar1 by      
,venus' shrine1 ,hymen's deity1 by      
,jupiter1 and all the other gods1 give  
no credit to his words4 ,for when lovers
 swear1 ,venus laughs1 ,venus haec      
perjuria ridet1 #eaha;,jupiter himself  
smiles1 and pardons it withal1 as grave 
#eahb,plato gives out2 of all perjury1  
that alone for love matters is forgiven 
by the gods4 ,if promises1 lies1 oaths1 
and protestations will not avail1 they  
fall to bribes1 tokens1 gifts1 and such 
like feats4 #eahc,plurimus auro         
conciliatur amor3 as ,jupiter corrupted 

,danae with a golden shower1 and ,liber 
,ariadne with a lovely crown1 7which was
 afterwards translated into the heavens1
 and there for ever shines27 they will  
rain chickens1 florins1 crowns1 angels1 
all manner of coins and stamps in her   
lap4 ,and so must he certainly do that  
will speed1 make many feasts1 banquets1 
invitations1 send her some present or   
other every foot4 ,summo studio parentur
 epulae 7saith #eahd;,haedus7 et crebrae
 fiant largitiones1 he must be very     
bountiful and liberal1 seek and sue1 not
 to her only1 but to all her followers1 
friends1 familiars1 fiddlers1 panders1  
parasites1 and household servants2 he   
must insinuate himself1 and surely will1
 to all1 of all sorts1 messengers1      
porters1 carriers2 no man must be       
unrewarded1 or unrespected4 ,i had a    
suitor 7saith #eahe;,aretine's          
,lucretia7 that when he came to my      
house1 flung gold and silver about1 as  
if it had been chaff4 ,another suitor ,i
 had was a very choleric fellow2 but ,i 

so handled him1 that for all his fuming1
 ,i brought him upon his knees4 ,if     
there had been an excellent bit in the  
market1 any novelty1 fish1 fruit1 or    
fowl1 muscatel1 or malmsey1 or a cup of 
neat wine in all the city1 it was       
presented presently to me2 though never 
so dear1 hard to come by1 yet ,i had it3
 the poor fellow was so fond at last1   
that ,i think if ,i would ,i might have 
had one of his eyes out of his head4 ,a 
third suitor was a merchant of ,rome1   
and his manner of wooing was with       
#eahf;exquisite music1 costly banquets1 
poems1 c4 ,i held him off till at length
 he protested1 promised1 and swore pro  
virginitate regno me donaturum1 ,i      
should have all he had1 house1 goods1   
and lauds1 pro concubitu solo2          
#eahgneither was there ever any         
conjuror1 ,i think1 to charm his spirits
 that used such attention1 or mighty    
words1 as he did exquisite phrases1 or  
general of any army so many stratagems  
to win a city1 as he did tricks and     

devices to get the love of me4 ,thus men
 are active and passive1 and women not  
far behind them in this kind3 ,audax ad 
omnia foemina1 quae vel amat1 vel odit4 
#eahh;,for half so boldly there can non 
,swear and lye as women can4  #eahi,they
 will crack1 counterfeit1 and collogue  
as well as the best1 with handkerchiefs1
 and wrought nightcaps1 purses1 posies1 
and such toys3 as he justly complained1 
#eaij;,cur mittis violas8 nempe ut      
violentius uret2 ,quid violas violis me 
violenta tuis8 c4  ,why dost thou send  
me violets1 my dear8 ,to make me burn   
more violent1 ,i fear1 ,with violets too
 violent thou art1 ,to violate and wound
 my gentle heart4  ,when nothing else   
will serve1 the last refuge is their    
tears4 ,haec scripsi 7testor amorem7    
mixta lachrymis et suspiriis1 'twixt    
tears and sighs1 ,i write this 7,i take 
love to witness71 saith                 
#eaia;,chelidonia to ,philonius4 ,lumina
 quae modo fulmina1 jam flumina         
lachrymarum1 those burning torches are  

now turned to floods of tears4          
,aretine's ,lucretia1 when her          
sweetheart came to town1 #eaibwept in   
his bosom1 that he might be persuaded   
those tears were shed for joy of his    
return4 ,quartilla in ,petronius1 when  
nought would move1 fell a weeping1 and  
as ,balthazar ,castilio paints them out1
 #eaic,to these crocodile's tears they  
will add sobs1 fiery sighs1 and         
sorrowful countenance1 pale colour1     
leanness1 and if you do but stir abroad1
 these fiends are ready to meet you at  
every turn1 with such a sluttish        
neglected habit1 dejected look1 as if   
they were now ready to die for your     
sake2 and how1 saith he1 shall a young  
novice thus beset1 escape8 ,but believe 
them not4 #eaid------;animam ne crede   
puellis1 ,namque est foeminea tutior    
unda fide4  ,thou thinkest1             
peradventure1 because of her vows1      
tears1 smiles1 and protestations1 she is
 solely thine1 thou hast her heart1     
hand1 and affection1 when as indeed     

there is no such matter1 as the         
#eaie,spanish bawd said1 gaudet illa    
habere unum in lecto1 alterum in porta1 
tertium qui domi suspiret1 she will have
 one sweetheart in bed1 another in the  
gate1 a third sighing at home1 a fourth1
 c4 ,every young man she sees and likes 
hath as much interest1 and shall as soon
 enjoy her as thyself4 ,on the other    
side1 which ,i have said1 men are as    
false1 let them swear1 protest1 and lie2
 #eaif,quod vobis dicunt1 dixerunt mille
 puellis4 ,they love some of them those 
eleven thousand virgins at once1 and    
make them believe1 each particular1 he  
is besotted on her1 or love one till    
they see another1 and then her alone2   
like ,milo's wife in ,apuleius1 lib4 #b4
 ,si quem conspexerit speciosae formae  
invenem1 venustate ejus sumitur1 et in  
eum animum intorquet4 ',tis their common
 compliment in that case1 they care not 
what they swear1 say or do3 ,one while  
they slight them1 care not for them1    
rail downright and scoff at them1 and   

then again they will run mad1 hang      
themselves1 stab and kill1 if they may  
not enjoy them4 ,henceforth1            
therefore1--nulla viro juranti foemina  
credat1 let not maids believe them4     
,these tricks and counterfeit passions  
are more familiar with women1           
#eaig;finem hic dolori faciet aut vitae 
dies1 miserere amantis1 quoth ,phaedra  
to ,hippolitus4 ,joessa1 in             
#eaih,lucian1 told ,pythias1 a young    
man1 to move him the more1 that if he   
would not have her1 she was resolved to 
make away herself4 ,there is a ,nemesis1
 and it cannot choose but grieve and    
trouble thee1 to hear that ,i have      
either strangled or drowned myself for  
thy sake4 ,nothing so common to this sex
 as oaths1 vows1 and protestations1 and 
as ,i have already said1 tears1 which   
they have at command2 for they can so   
weep1 that one would think their very   
hearts were dissolved within them1 and  
would come out in tears2 their eyes are 
like rocks1 which still drop water1     

diariae lachrymae et sudoris in modum   
lurgeri promptae1 saith #eaii           
,aristaenetus1 they wipe away their     
tears like sweat1 weep with one eye1    
laugh with the other2 or as children    
#ebjjweep and cry1 they can both        
together4 #ebja,neve puellarum lachrymis
 moveare memento1 ,ut flerent oculos    
erudiere suos4  ,care not for women's   
tears1 ,i counsel thee1 ,they teach     
their eyes as much to weep as see4  ,and
 as much pity is to be taken of a woman 
weeping1 as of a goose going barefoot4  
,when ,venus lost her son ,cupid1 she   
sent a crier about1 to bid every one    
that met him take heed4 #ebjb,si fleatam
 aspicias1 ne mox fallare1 caveto2 ,sin 
arridebit1 magis effuge2 et oscula si   
fors ,ferre volet1 fugito2 sunt oscula  
noxia1 in ipsis ,suntque venena labris  
c4  ,take heed of ,cupid's tears1 if    
cautious4 ,and of his smiles and kisses 
,i thee tell1 ,if that he offer't1 for  
they be noxious1 ,and very poison in his
 lips doth dwell4  #ebjc;,a thousand    

years1 as ,castilio conceives1 will     
scarce serve to reckon up those         
allurements and guiles1 that men and    
women use to deceive one another with4  
,,subsect4 ,v4--,bawds1 ,philters1      
,causes4  ,when all other engines fail1 
that they can proceed no farther of     
themselves1 their last refuge is to fly 
to bawds1 panders1 magical philters1 and
 receipts2 rather than fail1 to the     
devil himself4 ,flectere si nequeunt    
superos1 ,acheronta movebunt4 ,and by   
those indirect means many a man is      
overcome1 and precipitated into this    
malady1 if he take not good heed4 ,for  
these bawds1 first1 they are everywhere 
so common1 and so many1 that1 as he said
 of old #ebjd;,croton1 omnes hic aut    
captantur1 aut captant1 either inveigle 
or be inveigled1 we may say of most of  
our cities1 there be so many professed1 
cunning bawds in them4 ,besides1 bawdry 
is become an art1 or a liberal science1 
as ,lucian calls it2 and there be such  
tricks and subtleties1 so many nurses1  

old women1 panders1 letter carriers1    
beggars1 physicians1 friars1 confessors1
 employed about it1 that nullus tradere 
stilus sufficiat1 one saith1            
#ebje------trecentis versibus ,suas     
impuritias traloqui nemo potest4  ,such 
occult notes1 stenography1 polygraphy1  
,nuntius animatus1 or magnetical telling
 of their minds1 which #ebjf;,cabeus the
 ,jesuit1 by the way1 counts fabulous   
and false2 cunning conveyances in this  
kind1 that neither ,juno's jealousy1 nor
 ,danae's custody1 nor ,argo's vigilancy
 can keep them safe4 ',tis the last and 
common refuge to use an assistant1 such 
as that ,catanean ,philippa was to ,joan
 ,queen of ,naples1 a #ebjg;bawd's help1
 an old woman in the business1 as       
#ebjh,myrrha did when she doted on      
,cyniras1 and could not compass her     
desire1 the old jade her nurse was ready
 at a pinch1 dic inquit1 opemque me sine
 ferre tibi--et in hac mea 7pone        
timorem7 ,sedulitas erit apta libi1 fear
 it not1 if it be possible to be done1  

,i will effect it3 non est mulieri      
mulier insuperabilis1 #ebji;,caelestina 
said1 let him or her be never so honest1
 watched and reserved1 'tis hard but one
 of these old women will get access3 and
 scarce shall you find1 as #ebaj;,austin
 observes1 in a nunnery a maid alone1 if
 she cannot have egress1 before her     
window you shall have an old woman1 or  
some prating gossip1 tell her some tales
 of this clerk1 and that monk1          
describing or commending some young     
gentleman or other unto her4 ,as ,i was 
walking in the street 7saith a good     
fellow in ,petronius7 to see the town   
served one evening1 #ebaa;,i spied an   
old woman in a corner selling of        
cabbages and roots 7as our hucksters do 
plums1 apples1 and such like fruits72   
mother 7quoth he7 can you tell where ,i 
can dwell8 she1 being well pleased with 
my foolish urbanity1 replied1 and why1  
sir1 should ,i not tell8 ,with that she 
rose up and went before me4 ,i took her 
for a wise woman1 and by-and-by she led 

me into a by-lane1 and told me there ,i 
should dwell4 ,i replied again1 ,i knew 
not the house2 but ,i perceived1 on a   
sudden1 by the naked queans1 that ,i was
 now come into a bawdy-house1 and then  
too late ,i began to curse the treachery
 of this old jade4 ,such tricks you     
shall have in many places1 and amongst  
the rest it is ordinary in ,venice1 and 
in the island of ,zante1 for a man to be
 bawd to his own wife4 ,no sooner shall 
you land or come on shore1 but1 as the  
,comical ,poet hath it1 #ebab,morem hunc
 meretrices habent1 ,ad portum mittunt  
servulos1 ancillulas1 ,si qua peregrina 
navis in portum aderit1 ,rogant cujatis 
sit1 quod ei nomen siet1 ,post illae    
extemplo sese adplicent4  ,these white  
devils have their panders1 bawds1 and   
factors in every place to seek about1   
and bring in customers1 to tempt and    
waylay novices1 and silly travellers4   
,and when they have them once within    
their clutches1 as ,aegidius ,mascrius  
in his comment upon ,valerius ,flaccus  

describes them1 #ebacwith promises and  
pleasant discourse1 with gifts1 tokens1 
and taking their opportunities1 they lay
 nets which ,lucretia cannot avoid1 and 
baits that ,hippolitus himself would    
swallow2 they make such strong assaults 
and batteries1 that the goddess of      
virginity cannot withstand them3 give   
gifts and bribes to move ,penelope1 and 
with threats able to terrify ,susanna4  
,how many ,proserpinas1 with those      
catchpoles1 doth ,pluto take8 ,these are
 the sleepy rods with which their souls 
touched descend to hell2 this the glue  
or lime with which the wings of the mind
 once taken cannot fly away2 the devil's
 ministers to allure1 entice1 c4 ,many  
young men and maids1 without all        
question1 are inveigled by these        
,eumenides and their associates4 ,but   
these are trivial and well known4 ,the  
most sly1 dangerous1 and cunning bawds1 
are your knavish physicians1 empirics1  
mass-priests1 monks1 #ebad ,jesuits1 and
 friars4 ,though it be against          

,hippocrates' oath1 some of them will   
give a dram1 promise to restore         
maidenheads1 and do it without danger1  
make an abortion if need be1 keep down  
their paps1 hinder conception1 procure  
lust1 make them able with ,satyrions1   
and now and then step in themselves4 ,no
 monastery so close1 house so private1  
or prison so well kept1 but these honest
 men are admitted to censure and ask    
questions1 to feel their pulse beat at  
their bedside1 and all under pretence of
 giving physic4 ,now as for monks1      
confessors1 and friars1 as he said1     
#ebae,non audet ,stygius ,pluto tentare 
quod audet ,effrenis monachus1 plenaque 
fraudis anus2  ,that ,stygian ,pluto    
dares not tempt or do1 ,what an old hag 
or monk will undergo2  either for       
himself to satisfy his own lust2 for    
another1 if he be hired thereto1 or both
 at once1 having such excellent means4  
,for under colour of visitation1        
auricular confession1 comfort and       
penance1 they have free egress and      

regress1 and corrupt1 ,god knows1 how   
many4 ,they can such trades1 some of    
them1 practise physic1 use exorcisms1 c4
 #ebaf,that whereas was wont to walk and
 ,elf1 ,there now walks the ,limiter    
himself1 ,in every bush and under every 
tree1 ,there needs no other ,incubus but
 he4  #ebag;,in the mountains between   
,dauphine and ,savoy1 the friars        
persuaded the good wives to counterfeit 
themselves possessed1 that their        
husbands might give them free access1   
and were so familiar in those days with 
some of them1 that1 as one#ebahobserves1
 wenches could not sleep in their beds  
for necromantic friars3 and the good    
abbess in ,boccaccio may in some sort   
witness1 that rising betimes1 mistook   
and put on the friar's breeches instead 
of her veil or hat4 ,you have heard the 
story1 ,i presume1 of #ebai ,paulina1 a 
chaste matron in ,aegesippus1 whom one  
of ,isis's priests did prostitute to    
,mundus1 a young knight1 and made her   
believe it was their god ,anubis4 ,many 

such pranks are played by our ,jesuits1 
sometimes in their own habits1 sometimes
 in others1 like soldiers1 courtiers1   
citizens1 scholars1 gallants1 and women 
themselves4 ,proteus-like1 in all forms 
and disguises1 that go abroad in the    
night1 to inescate and beguile young    
women1 or to have their pleasure of     
other men's wives2 and1 if we may       
believe #ebbj some relations1 they have 
wardrobes of several suits in the       
colleges for that purpose4 ,howsoever in
 public they pretend much zeal1 seem to 
be very holy men1 and bitterly preach   
against adultery1 fornication1 there are
 no verier bawds or whoremasters in a   
country2 #ebbawhose soul they should    
gain to ,god1 they sacrifice to the     
devil4 ,but ,i spare these men for the  
present4 ,the last battering engines are
 philters1 amulets1 spells1 charms1     
images1 and such unlawful means3 if they
 cannot prevail of themselves by the    
help of bawds1 panders1 and their       
adherents1 they will fly for succour to 

the devil himself4 ,i know there be     
those that deny the devil can do any    
such thing 7,crato epist4 #b4 lib4      
med471 and many divines1 there is no    
other fascination than that which comes 
by the eyes1 of which ,i have formerly  
spoken1 and if you desire to be better  
informed1 read ,camerarius1 oper subcis4
 cent4 #b4 c4 #e4 ,it was given out of  
old1 that a ,thessalian wench had       
bewitched ,king ,philip to dote upon    
her1 and by philters enforced his love2 
but when ,olympia1 the ,queen1 saw the  
maid of an excellent beauty1 well       
brought up1 and qualified--these1 quoth 
she1 were the philters which inveigled  
,king ,philip2 those the true charms1 as
 ,henry to ,rosamond1 #ebbb,one accent  
from thy lips the blood more warms1     
,than all their philters1 exorcisms1 and
 charms4  ,with this alone ,lucretia    
brags #ebbc;in ,aretine1 she could do   
more than all philosophers1 astrologers1
 alchemists1 necromancers1 witches1 and 
the rest of the crew4 ,as for herbs and 

philters1 ,i could never skill of them1 
,the sole philter that ever ,i used was 
kissing and embracing1 by which alone ,i
 made men rave like beasts stupefied1   
and compelled them to worship me like an
 idol4 ,in our times it is a common     
thing1 saith ,erastus1 in his book de   
,lamiis1 for witches to take upon them  
the making of these philters1 #ebbdto   
force men and women to love and hate    
whom they will1 to cause tempests1      
diseases1 c41 by charms1 spells1        
characters1 knots4--#ebbe;hic ,thessala 
vendit ,philtra4 ,st4 ,hierome proves   
that they can do it 7as in ,hilarius'   
life1 epist4 lib4 #c72 he hath a story  
of a young man1 that with a philter made
 a maid mad for the love of him1 which  
maid was after cured by ,hilarion4 ,such
 instances ,i find in ,john ,nider1     
,formicar4 lib4 #e4 cap4 #e4 ,plutarch  
records of ,lucullus that he died of a  
philter2 and that ,cleopatra used       
philters to inveigle ,antony1 amongst   
other allurements4 ,eusebius reports as 

much of ,lucretia the poet4 ,panormitan1
 lib4 #d4 de gest4 ,aphonsi1 hath a     
story of one ,stephan1 a ,neapolitan    
knight1 that by a philter was forced to 
run mad for love4 ,but of all others1   
that which #ebbf,petrarch1 epist4 famil4
 lib4 #a4 ep4 #e1 relates of ,charles   
the ,great 7,charlemagne7 is most       
memorable4 ,he foolishly doted upon a   
woman of mean favour and condition1 many
 years together1 wholly delighting in   
her company1 to the great grief and     
indignation of his friends and          
followers4 ,when she was dead1 he did   
embrace her corpse1 as ,apollo did the  
bay-tree for his ,daphne1 and caused her
 coffin 7richly embalmed and decked with
 jewels7 to be carried about with him1  
over which he still lamented4 ,at last a
 venerable bishop1 that followed his    
court1 prayed earnestly to ,god         
7commiserating his lord and master's    
case7 to know the true cause of this mad
 passion1 and whence it proceeded2 it   
was revealed to him1 in fine1 that the  

cause of the emperor's mad love lay     
under the dead woman's tongue4 ,the     
bishop went hastily to the carcass1 and 
took a small ring thence2 upon the      
removal the emperor abhorred the corpse1
 and1 instead #ebbgof it1 fell as       
furiously in love with the bishop1 he   
would not suffer him to be out of his   
presence2 which when the bishop         
perceived1 he flung the ring into the   
midst of a great lake1 where the king   
then was4 ,from that hour the emperor   
neglected all his other houses1 dwelt at
 #ebbh;,ache1 built a fair house in the 
midst of the marsh1 to his infinite     
expense1 and a #ebbitemple by it1 where 
after he was buried1 and in which city  
all his posterity ever since use to be  
crowned4 ,marcus the heretic is accused 
by ,irenaeus1 to have inveigled a young 
maid by this means2 and some writers    
speak hardly of the ,lady ,katharine    
,cobham1 that by the same art she       
circumvented ,humphrey ,duke of         
,gloucester to be her husband4 ,sycinius

 ,aemilianus summoned #ebcj;,apuleius to
 come before ,cneius ,maximus1 proconsul
 of ,africa1 that he being a poor       
fellow1 had bewitched by philters       
,pudentilla1 an ancient rich matron1 to 
love him1 and1 being worth so many      
thousand sesterces1 to be his wife4     
,agrippa1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #dh4 occult4    
philos4 attributes much in this kind to 
philters1 amulets1 images3 and ,salmutz 
com4 in ,pancirol4 ,tit4 #aj4 de ,horol4
 ,leo ,afer1 lib4 #c1 saith1 'tis an    
ordinary practice at ,fez in ,africa1   
,praestigiatores ibi plures1 qui cogunt 
amores et concubitus3 as skilful all out
 as that hyperborean magician1 of whom  
,cleodemus1 in #ebca ,lucian1 tells so  
many fine feats performed in this kind4 
,but ,erastus1 ,wierus1 and others are  
against it2 they grant indeed such      
things may be done1 but 7as ,wierus     
discourseth1 lib4 #c4 de ,lamiis4 cap4  
#cg47 not by charms1 incantations1      
philters1 but the devil himself2 lib4   
#e4 cap4 #b4 he contends as much2 so    

doth ,freitagius1 noc4 med4 cap4 #gd4   
,andreas ,cisalpinus1 cap4 #e2 and so   
much ,sigismundus ,scheretzius1 cap4 #i4
 de hirco nocturno1 proves at large4    
#ebcb,unchaste women by the help of     
these witches1 the devil's kitchen      
maids1 have their loves brought to them 
in the night1 and carried back again by 
a phantasm flying in the air in the     
likeness of a goat4 ,i have heard 7saith
 he7 divers confess1 that they have been
 so carried on a goat's back to their   
sweethearts1 many miles in a night4     
,others are of opinion that these feats1
 which most suppose to be done by charms
 and philters1 are merely effected by   
natural causes1 as by man's blood       
chemically prepared1 which much avails1 
saith ,ernestus ,burgravius1 in ,lucerna
 vitae et mortis ,indice1 ad amorem     
conciliandum et odium1 7so huntsmen make
 their dogs love them1 and farmers their
 pullen17 'tis an excellent philter1 as 
he holds1 sed vulgo prodere grande      
nefas1 but not fit to be made common3   

and so be ,mala insana1 mandrake roots1 
mandrake #ebcc;apples1 precious stones1 
dead men's clothes1 candles1 mala       
,bacchica1 panis porcinus1 ,hyppomanes1 
a certain hair in a #ebcdwolf's tail1   
c41 of which ,rhasis1 ,dioscorides1     
,porta1 ,wecker1 ,rubeus1 ,mizaldus1    
,albertus1 treat3 a swallow's heart1    
dust of a dove's heart1 multum valent   
linguae viperarum1 cerebella asinorum1  
tela equina1 palliola quibus infantes   
obvoluti nascuntur1 funis strangulati   
hominis1 lapis de nido ,aquilae1 c4 ,see
 more in ,sckenkius observat4 medicinal1
 lib4 #d4 c41 which are as forcible and 
of as much virtue as that fountain      
,salmacis in #ebce ,vitruvius1 ,ovid1   
,strabo1 that made all such mad for love
 that drank of it1 or that hot bath at  
#ebcf;,aix in ,germany1 wherein ,cupid  
once dipped his arrows1 which ever since
 hath a peculiar virtue to make them    
lovers all that wash in it4 ,but hear   
the poet's own description of it1       
#ebcg,unde hic fervor aquis terra       

erumpentibus uda8 ,tela olim hic ludens 
ignea tinxit amor2  ,et gaudens stridore
 novo1 fervete perennes ,inquit1 et haec
 pharetrae sint monumenta meae4  ,ex    
illo fervet1 rarusque hic mergitur      
hospes1 ,cui non titillet pectora       
blandus amor4  ,these above-named       
remedies have happily as much power as  
that bath of ,aix1 or ,venus' enchanted 
girdle1 in which1 saith ,natales ,comes1
 ,love toys and dalliance1 pleasantness1
 sweetness1 persuasions1 subtleties1    
gentle speeches1 and all witchcraft to  
enforce love1 was contained4 ,read more 
of these in ,agrippa de occult4 ,philos4
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ej4 et #de4 ,malleus    
malefic4 part4 #a4 quaest4 #g4 ,delrio  
tom4 #b4 quest4 #c4 lib4 #c4 ,wierus1   
,pomponatis1 cap4 #h4 de incantat4      
,ficinus1 lib4 #ac4 ,theol4 ,plat4      
,calcagninus1 c4  ,,memb4 ,,iii4        
,symptoms or signs of ,love ,melancholy1
 in ,body1 ,mind1 good1 bad1 c4         
,symptoms are either of body or mind2 of
 body1 paleness1 leanness1 dryness1 c4  

#ebch,pallidus omnis amans1 color hic   
est aptus amanti1 as the poet describes 
lovers3 fecit amor maciem1 love causeth 
leanness4 #ebci ,avicenna de ,ilishi1 c4
 #cc4 makes hollow eyes1 dryness1       
symptoms of this disease1 to go smiling 
to themselves1 or acting as if they saw 
or heard some delectable object4        
,valleriola1 lib4 #c4 observat4 cap4 #g4
 ,laurentius1 cap4 #aj4 ,aelianus       
,montaltus de ,her4 amore4 ,langius1    
epist4 #bd4 lib4 #a4 epist4 med4 deliver
 as much1 corpus exangue pallet1 corpus 
gracile1 oculi cavi1 lean1 pale1--ut    
nudis qui pressit calcibus anguem1 as   
one who trod with naked foot upon a     
snake1 hollow-eyed1 their eyes are      
hidden in their heads1--#ebdj,tenerque  
nitidi corposis cecidit decor1 they pine
 away1 and look ill with waking1 cares1 
sighs4 ,et qui tenebant signa ,phoebeae 
facis ,oculi1 nihil gentile nec patrium 
micant4  ,and eyes that once rivalled   
the locks of ,phoebus1 lose the patrial 
and paternal lustre4 ,with groans1      

griefs1 sadness1 dullness1              
#ebda------,nulla jam ,cereris subi     
,cura aut salutis------  want of        
appetite1 c4 ,a reason of all this1     
#ebdb;,jason ,pratensis gives1 because  
of the distraction of the spirits the   
liver doth not perform his part1 nor    
turns the aliment into blood as it      
ought1 and for that cause the members   
are weak for want of sustenance1 they   
are lean and pine1 as the herbs of my   
garden do this month of ,may1 for want  
of rain4 ,the green sickness therefore  
often happeneth to young women1 a       
cachexia or an evil habit to men1       
besides their ordinary sighs1           
complaints1 and lamentations1 which are 
too frequent4 ,as drops from a          
still1--ut occluso stillat ab igne      
liquor1 doth ,cupid's fire provoke tears
 from a true lover's eyes1 #ebdc,the    
mighty ,mars did oft for ,venus shriek1 
,privily moistening his horrid cheek    
,with womanish tears1------             
#ebdd------;ignis distillat in undas1   

,testis erit largus qui rigat ora       
liquor1  with many such like passions4  
,when ,chariclia was enamoured of       
,theagines1 as #ebde;,heliodorus sets   
her out1 she was half distracted1 and   
spake she knew not what1 sighed to      
herself1 lay much awake1 and was lean   
upon a sudden3 and when she was besotted
 on her son-in-law1 #ebdfpallor         
deformis1 marcentes oculi1 c41 she had  
ugly paleness1 hollow eyes1 restless    
thoughts1 short wind1 c4 ,euryalus1 in  
an epistle sent to ,lucretia1 his       
mistress1 complains amongst other       
grievances1 tu mihi et somni et cibi    
usum abstulisti1 thou hast taken my     
stomach and my sleep from me4 ,so he    
describes it aright3 #ebdg;,his sleep1  
his meat1 his drink1 in him bereft1     
,that lean he waxeth1 and dry as a      
shaft1 ,his eyes hollow and grisly to   
behold1 ,his hew pale and ashen to      
unfold1 ,and solitary he was ever alone1
 ,and waking all the night making moan4 
,theocritus ,edyl4 #b4 makes a fair maid

 of ,delphos1 in love with a young man  
of ,minda1 confess as much1 ,ut vidi ut 
insanii1 ut animus mihi male affectiis  
est1 ,miserae mihi forma tabescebat1    
neque amplius pompam ,ullum curabam1 aut
 quando domum redieram ,novi1 sed me    
ardens quidam morbus consumebat1        
,decubui in lecto dies decem1 et noctes 
decem1 ,defluebant capite capilli1      
ipsaque sola reliqua ,ossa et           
cutis------  ,no sooner seen ,i had1 but
 mad ,i was4 ,my beauty fail'd1 and ,i  
no more did care ,for any pomp1 ,i knew 
not where ,i was1 ,but sick ,i was1 and 
evil ,i did fare2 ,i lay upon my bed ten
 days and nights1 ,a skeleton ,i was in 
all men's sights4  ,all these passions  
are well expressed by #ebdhthat heroical
 poet in the person of ,dido3 ,at non   
infelix animi ,phaenissa1 nec unquam    
,solvitur in somnos1 oculisque ac       
pectore amores ,accipit2 ingeminant     
curae1 rursusque resurgens ,saevit amor1
 c4------  ,unhappy ,dido could not     
sleep at all1 ,but lies awake1 and takes

 no rest3 ,and up she gets again1 whilst
 care and grief1 ,and raging love       
torment her breast4  ,accius ,sanazarius
 ,egloga #b4 de ,galatea1 in the same   
manner feigns his ,lychoris             
#ebditormenting herself for want of     
sleep1 sighing1 sobbing1 and lamenting2 
and ,eustathius in his ,ismenias much   
troubled1 and #ebej panting at heart1 at
 the sight of his mistress1 he could not
 sleep1 his bed was thorns4 #ebea;,all  
make leanness1 want of appetite1 want of
 sleep ordinary symptoms1 and by that   
means they are brought often so low1 so 
much altered and changed1 that as       
#ebeb;he jested in the comedy1 one      
scarce know them to be the same men4    
,attenuant juvenum vigilatae corpora    
noctes1 ,curaque et immenso qui fit     
amore dolor4  ,many such symptoms there 
are of the body to discern lovers       
by1--quis enim bene celet amorem8 ,can a
 man1 saith ,solomon1 ,prov4 vi4 #bg1   
carry fire in his bosom and not burn8 it
 will hardly be hid2 though they do all 

they can to hide it1 it must out1 plus  
quam mille notis--it may be described1  
#ebecquoque magis tegitur1 tectus magis 
aestuat ignis4 ',twas ,antiphanes the   
comedian's observation of old1 ,love and
 drunkenness cannot be concealed1       
,celare alia possis1 haec praeter duo1  
vini potum1 c4 words1 looks1 gestures1  
all will betray them2 but two of the    
most notable signs are observed by the  
pulse and countenance4 ,when ,antiochus1
 the son of ,seleucus1 was sick for     
,stratonice1 his mother-in-law1 and     
would not confess his grief1 or the     
cause of his disease1 ,erasistratus1 the
 physician1 found him by his pulse and  
countenance to be in love with her1     
#ebed;because that when she came in     
presence1 or was named1 his pulse       
varied1 and he blushed besides4 ,in this
 very sort was the love of ,callices1   
the son of ,polycles1 discovered by     
,panacaeas the physician1 as you may    
read the story at large in              
#ebee;,aristenaetus4 ,by the same signs 

,galen brags that he found out ,justa1  
,boethius the consul's wife1 to dote on 
,pylades the player1 because at his name
 still she both altered pulse and       
countenance1 as #ebef ,polyarchus did at
 the name of ,argenis4 ,franciscus      
,valesius1 l4 #c4 controv4 #ac4 med4    
contr4 denies there is any such pulsus  
amatorius1 or that love may be so       
discerned2 but ,avicenna confirms this  
of ,galen out of his experience1 lib4   
#c4 ,fen4 #a4 and ,gordonius1 cap4 #bj4 
#ebeg,their pulse1 he saith1 is ordinate
 and swift1 if she go by whom he loves1 
,langius1 epist4 #bd4 lib4 #a4 med4     
epist4 ,neviscanus1 lib4 #d4 numer4 #ff4
 syl4 nuptialis1 ,valescus de ,taranta1 
,guianerius1 ,tract4 #ae4 ,valleriola   
sets down this for a symptom1           
#ebeh;,difference of pulse1 neglect of  
business1 want of sleep1 often sighs1   
blushings1 when there is any speech of  
their mistress1 are manifest signs4 ,but
 amongst the rest1 ,josephus ,struthis1 
that ,polonian1 in the fifth book1 cap4 

#ag4 of his ,doctrine of ,pulses1 holds 
that this and all other passions of the 
mind may be discovered by the pulse4    
#ebei;,and if you will know1 saith he1  
whether the men suspected be such or    
such1 touch their arteries1 c4 ,and in  
his fourth book1 fourteenth chapter1 he 
speaks of this particular pulse1 #ebfj  
,love makes an unequal pulse1 c41 he    
gives instance of a gentlewoman1 #ebfa;a
 patient of his1 whom by this means he  
found to be much enamoured1 and with    
whom3 he named many persons1 but at the 
last when his name came whom he         
suspected1 #ebfb;her pulse began to vary
 and to beat swifter1 and so by often   
feeling her pulse1 he perceived what the
 matter was4 ,apollonius ,argonaut4 lib4
 #d4 poetically setting down the meeting
 of ,jason and ,medea1 makes them both  
to blush at one another's sight1 and at 
the first they were not able to speak4  
#ebfc------totus ,parmeno ,tremo1       
horreoque postquam aspexi hanc1         
,phaedria trembled at the sight of      

,thais1 others sweat1 blow short1 ,crura
 tremunt ac poplites1--are troubled with
 palpitation of heart upon the like     
occasion1 cor proximum ori1 saith       
#ebfd;,aristenaetus1 their heart is at  
their mouth1 leaps1 these burn and      
freeze1 7for love is fire1 ice1 hot1    
cold1 itch1 fever1 frenzy1 pleurisy1    
what not7 they look pale1 red1 and      
commonly blush at their first congress2 
and sometimes through violent agitation 
of spirits bleed at nose1 or when she is
 talked of2 which very sign             
#ebfe;,eustathius makes an argument of  
,ismene's affection1 that when she met  
her sweetheart by chance1 she changed   
her countenance to a maiden-blush4 ',tis
 a common thing amongst lovers1 as      
#ebff;,arnulphus1 that merry-conceited  
bishop1 hath well expressed in a        
facetious epigram of his1 ,alterno      
facies sibi dat responsa rubore1 ,et    
tener affectum prodit utrique pudor1 c4 
,their faces answer1 and by blushing    
say1 ,how both affected are1 they do    

betray4  ,but the best conjectures are  
taken from such symptoms as appear when 
they are both present2 all their        
speeches1 amorous glances1 actions1     
lascivious gestures will betray them2   
they cannot contain themselves1 but that
 they will be still kissing4            
#ebfg,stratocles1 the physician1 upon   
his wedding-day1 when he was at dinner1 
,nihil prius sorbillavit1 quam tria     
basia puellae pangeret1 could not eat   
his meat for kissing the bride1 c4      
,first a word1 and then a kiss1 then    
some other compliment1 and then a kiss1 
then an idle question1 then a kiss1 and 
when he had pumped his wits dry1 can say
 no more1 kissing and colling are never 
out of season1 #ebfh;,hoc non deficit   
incipitque semper1 'tis never at an end1
 #ebfi;another kiss1 and then another1  
another1 and another1 c4--huc ades ,o   
,thelayra--,come kiss me ,corinna8      
#ebgj;,centum basia centies1 ,centum    
basia millies1 ,mille basia millies1 ,et
 tot millia millies1  ,quot guttae      

,siculo mari1 ,quot sunt sidera coelo1  
,istis purpureis genis1 ,istis          
turgidulis labris1 ,ocelisque           
loquaculis1  ,figam continuo impetu2 ,o 
formosa ,neaera4 7,as ,catullus to      
,lesbia47  ,da mihi basia mille1 deindi 
centum1 ,dein mille altera1 da secunda  
centum1 ,dein usque altera millia1      
deinde centum4  #ebga------;first give a
 hundred1 ,then a thousand1 then another
 ,hundred1 then unto the other ,add a   
thousand1 and so more1 c4  ,till you    
equal with the store1 all the grass1 c4 
,so ,venus did by her ,adonis1 the moon 
with ,endymion1 they are still dallying 
and culling1 as so many doves1          
,columbatimque labra conserentes labiis1
 and that with alacrity and courage1    
#ebgb;,affligunt avide corpus1          
junguntque salivas ,oris1 et inspirant  
prensantes dentibus ora4  #ebgc,tam     
impresso ore ut vix inde labra          
detrahant1 cervice reclinata1 as        
,lamprias in ,lucian kissed ,thais1     
,philippus her #ebgd;,aristaenetus1     

amore lymphato tam uriose adhaesit1 ut  
vix labra solvere esset1 totumque os    
mihi contrivit2 #ebge;,aretine's        
,lucretia1 by a suitor of hers was so   
saluted1 and 'tis their ordinary        
fashion4 ------dentes illudunt saepe    
labellis1 ,atque premunt arete          
adfigentes oscula------  ,they cannot1  
,i say1 contain themselves1 they will be
 still not only joining hands1 kissing1 
but embracing1 treading on their toes1  
c41 diving into their bosoms1 and that  
libenter1 et cum delectatione1 as #ebgf 
,philostratus confesseth to his         
mistress2 and ,lamprias in ,lucian1     
,mammillas premens1 per sinum clam      
dextra1 c41 feeling their paps1 and that
 scarce honestly sometimes3 as the old  
man in the #ebgg;,comedy well observed  
of his son1 ,non ego te videbam manum   
huic puellae in sinum insere8 ,did not  
,i see thee put thy hand into her bosom8
 go to1 with many such love tricks4     
#ebgh;,juno in ,lucian deorum1 tom4 #c4 
dial4 #c4 complains to ,jupiter of      

,ixion1 #ebgi;he looked so attentively  
on her1 and sometimes would sigh and    
weep in her company1 and when ,i drank  
by chance1 and gave ,ganymede the cup1  
he would desire to drink still in the   
very cup that ,i drank of1 and in the   
same place where ,i drank1 and would    
kiss the cup1 and then look steadily on 
me1 and sometimes sigh1 and then again  
smile4 ,if it be so they cannot come    
near to dally1 have not that            
opportunity1 familiarity1 or            
acquaintance to confer and talk         
together2 yet if they be in presence1   
their eye will betray them3 ,ubi amor   
ibi oculus1 as the common saying is1    
where ,i look ,i like1 and where ,i like
 ,i love2 but they will lose themselves 
in her looks4 ,alter in alterius        
jactantes lumina vultus1 ,quaerebant    
taciti noster ubi esset amor4  ,they    
cannot look off whom they love1 they    
will impregnare eam1 ipsis oculis1      
deflower her with their eyes1 be still  
gazing1 staring1 stealing faces1        

smiling1 glancing at her1 as            
#ebhj;,apollo on ,leucothoe1 the moon on
 her #ebha;,endymion1 when she stood    
still in ,caria1 and at ,latmos caused  
her chariot to be stayed4 ,they must all
 stand and admire1 or if she go by1 look
 after her as long as they can see her1 
she is animae auriga1 as ,anacreon calls
 her1 they cannot go by her door or     
window1 but1 as an adamant1 she draws   
their eyes to it2 though she be not     
there present1 they must needs glance   
that way1 and look back to it4          
,aristenaetus of #ebhb ,exithemus1      
,lucian1 in his ,imagim4 of himself1 and
 ,tatius of ,clitophon1 say as much1    
,ille oculos de ,leucippe #ebhcnunquam  
dejiciebat1 and many lovers confess when
 they came in their mistress' presence1 
they could not hold off their eyes1 but 
looked wistfully and steadily on her1   
inconnivo aspectu1 with much eagerness  
and greediness1 as if they would look   
through1 or should never have enough    
sight of her4 ,fixis ardens obtutibus   

haeret2 so she will do by him1 drink to 
him with her eyes1 nay1 drink him up1   
devour him1 swallow him1 as ,martial's  
,mamurra is remembered to have done3    
,inspexit molles pueros1 oculisque      
comedit1 c4 ,there is a pleasant story  
to this purpose in ,navigat4 ,vertom4   
lib4 #c4 cap4 #e4 ,the sultan of ,sana's
 wife in ,arabia1 because ,vertomannus  
was fair and white1 could not look off  
him1 from sunrising to sunsetting2 she  
could not desist2 she made him one day  
come into her chamber1 et geminae1 horae
 spatio intuebatur1 non a me anquam     
aciem oculorum avertebat1 me observans  
veluti ,cupidinem quendam1 for two      
hours' space she still gazed on him4 ,a 
young man in #ebhd,lucian fell in love  
with ,venus' picture2 he came every     
morning to her temple1 and there        
continued all day long #ebhe;from       
sunrising to sunset1 unwilling to go    
home at night1 sitting over against the 
goddess's picture1 he did continually   
look upon her1 and mutter to himself ,i 

know not what4 ,if so be they cannot see
 them whom they love1 they will still be
 walking and waiting about their        
mistress's doors1 taking all opportunity
 to see them1 as in #ebhf,longus        
,sophista1 ,daphnis and ,chloe1 two     
lovers1 were still hovering at one      
another's gates1 he sought all occasions
 to be in her company1 to hunt in       
summer1 and catch birds in the frost    
about her father's house in the winter1 
that she might see him1 and he her4     
#ebhg;,a king's palace was not so       
diligently attended1 saith ,aretine's   
,lucretia1 as my house was when ,i lay  
in ,rome2 the porch and street was ever 
full of some1 walking or riding1 on set 
purpose to see me2 their eye was still  
upon my window2 as they passed by1 they 
could not choose but look back to my    
house when they were past1 and sometimes
 hem or cough1 or take some impertinent 
occasion to speak aloud1 that ,i might  
look out and observe them4 ',tis so in  
other places1 'tis common to every      

lover1 'tis all his felicity to be with 
her1 to talk with her2 he is never well 
but in her company1 and will walk #ebhh 
seven or eight times a day through the  
street where she dwells1 and make       
sleeveless errands to see her2 plotting 
still where1 when1 and how to visit her1
 #ebhi,levesque sub nocte susurri1      
,composita repetuntur hora4  ,and when  
he is gone1 he thinks every minute an   
hour1 every hour as long as a day1 ten  
days a whole year1 till he see her      
again4 #ebij,tempora si numeres1 bene   
quae numeramus amantes4 ,and if thou be 
in love1 thou wilt say so too1 ,et      
longum formosa1 vale1 farewell          
sweetheart1 vale charissima ,argenis1 c4
 ,farewell my dear ,argenis1 once more  
farewell1 farewell4 ,and though he is to
 meet her by compact1 and that very     
shortly1 perchance tomorrow1 yet both to
 depart1 he'll take his leave again1 and
 again1 and then come back again1 look  
after1 and shake his hand1 wave his hat 
afar off4 ,now gone1 he thinks it long  

till he see her again1 and she him1 the 
clocks are surely set back1 the hour's  
past1 #ebia;,hospita ,demophoon tua te  
,rodopheia ,phillis1 ,ultra promissum   
tempus abesse queror4  ,she looks out at
 window still to see whether he come1   
#ebib;and by report ,phillis went nine  
times to the seaside that day1 to see if
 her ,demophoon were approaching1 and   
#ebic,troilus to the city gates1 to look
 for his ,cresseid4 ,she is ill at ease1
 and sick till she see him again1       
peevish in the meantime2 discontent1    
heavy1 sad1 and why comes he not8 where 
is he8 why breaks he promise8 why       
tarries he so long8 sure he is not well2
 sure he hath some mischance2 sure he   
forgets himself and me2 with infinite   
such4 ,and then1 confident again1 up she
 gets1 out she looks1 listens1 and      
inquires1 hearkens1 kens2 every man afar
 off is sure he1 every stirring in the  
street1 now he is there1 that's he1 male
 aurorae1 malae soli dicit1 deiratque1  
c41 the longest day that ever was1 so   

she raves1 restless and impatient2 for  
,amor non patitur moras1 love brooks no 
delays3 the time's quickly gone that's  
spent in her company1 the miles short1  
the way pleasant2 all weather is good   
whilst he goes to her house1 heat or    
cold2 though his teeth chatter in his   
head1 he moves not2 wet or dry1 'tis all
 one2 wet to the skin1 he feels it not1 
cares not at least for it1 but will     
easily endure it and much more1 because 
it is done with alacrity1 and for his   
mistress's sweet sake2 let the burden be
 never so heavy1 love makes it light4   
#ebid;,jacob served seven years for     
,rachel1 and it was quickly gone because
 he loved her4 ,none so merry2 if he may
 happily enjoy her company1 he is in    
heaven for a time2 and if he may not1   
dejected in an instant1 solitary1       
silent1 he departs weeping1 lamenting1  
sighing1 complaining4 ,but the symptoms 
of the mind in lovers are almost        
infinite1 and so diverse1 that no art   
can comprehend them2 though they be     

merry sometimes1 and rapt beyond        
themselves for joy3 yet most part1 love 
is a plague1 a torture1 a hell1 a bitter
 sweet passion at last2 #ebie;,amor     
melle et felle est faecundissimus1      
gustum dat dulcem et amarum4 ',tis      
suavis amaricies1 dolentia delectabilis1
 hilare tormentum2 #ebif;,et me melle   
beant suaviora1 ,et me felle necant     
amariora4  like a summer fly or sphinx's
 wings1 or a rainbow of all colours1    
,quae ad solis radios conversae aureae  
erant1 ,adversus nubes ceruleae1 quale  
jabar iridis1  fair1 foul1 and full of  
variation1 though most part irksome and 
bad4 ,for in a word1 the ,spanish       
,inquisition is not comparable to it2 a 
torment and #ebig;execution as it is1 as
 he calls it in the poet1 an            
unquenchable fire1 and what not8        
#ebih;,from it1 saith ,austin1 arise    
biting cares1 perturbations1 passions1  
sorrows1 fears1 suspicions1 discontents1
 contentions1 discords1 wars1           
treacheries1 enmities1 flattery1        

cozening1 riot1 impudence1 cruelty1     
knavery1 c4 #ebii------;dolor1 querelae1
 ,lamentatio1 lachrymae perennes1       
,languor1 anxietas1 amaritudo2 ,aut si  
triste magis potest quid esse1 ,hos tu  
das comites ,neaera vitae4  ,these be   
the companions of lovers1 and the       
ordinary symptoms1 as the poet repeats  
them4 #ecjj;,in amore haec insunt vitia1
 ,suspiciones1 inimicitiae1 audaciae1   
,bellum1 pax rursum1 c4                 
#ecja;,insomnia1 aerumna1 error1 terror1
 et fuga1 ,excogitantia excors          
immodestia1 ,petulantia1 cupiditas1 et  
malevolentia2 ,inhaeret etiam aviditas1 
desidia1 injuria1 ,inopia1 contumelia et
 dispendium1 c4  ,in love these vices   
are2 suspicions4 ,peace1 war1 and       
impudence1 detractions4 ,dreams1 cares1 
and errors1 terrors and affrights1      
,immodest pranks1 devices1 sleights and 
flights1 ,heart-burnings1 wants1        
neglects1 desire of wrong1 ,loss        
continual1 expense and hurt among4      
,every poet is full of such catalogues  

of love symptoms2 but fear and sorrow   
may justly challenge the chief place4   
,though ,hercules de ,saxonia1 cap4 #c4 
,tract4 de melanch4 will exclude fear   
from love melancholy1 yet ,i am         
otherwise persuaded4 #ecjb,res est      
solliciti plena timoris amor4 ',tis full
 of fear1 anxiety1 doubt1 care1         
peevishness1 suspicion2 it turns a man  
into a woman1 which made ,hesiod belike 
put ,fear and ,paleness ,venus'         
daughters1 ------,marti clypeos atque   
arma secanti ,alma ,venus peperit       
,pallorem1 unaque ,timorem3  because    
fear and love are still linked together4
 ,moreover they are apt to mistake1     
amplify1 too credulous sometimes1 too   
full of hope and confidence1 and then   
again very jealous1 unapt to believe or 
entertain any good news4 ,the comical   
poet hath prettily painted out this     
passage amongst the rest in a           
#ecjc;dialogue betwixt ,mitio and       
,aeschines1 a gentle father and a       
lovesick son4 ,be of good cheer1 my son1

 thou shalt have her to wife4 ,ae4 ,ah  
father1 do you mock me now8 ,m4 ,i mock 
thee1 why8 ,ae4 ,that which ,i so       
earnestly desire1 ,i more suspect and   
fear4 ,m4 ,get you home1 and send for   
her to be your wife4 ,ae4 ,what now a   
wife1 now father1 c4 ,these doubts1     
anxieties1 suspicions1 are the least    
part of their torments2 they break many 
times from passions to actions1 speak   
fair1 and flatter1 now most obsequious  
and willing1 by and by they are averse1 
wrangle1 fight1 swear1 quarrel1 laugh1  
weep3 and he that doth not so by fits1  
#ecjd,lucian holds1 is not thoroughly   
touched with this loadstone of love4 ,so
 their actions and passions are         
intermixed1 but of all other passions1  
sorrow hath the greatest share2         
#ecjelove to many is bitterness itself2 
rem amaram ,plato calls it1 a bitter    
potion1 an agony1 a plague4 ,eripite    
hanc pestem perniciemque mihi2 ,quae    
mihi subrepens imos ut torpor in artus1 
,expulit ex omni pectore laetitias4  ,o 

take away this plague1 this mischief    
from me1 ,which1 as a numbness over all 
my body1 ,expels my joys1 and makes my  
soul so heavy4  ,phaedria had a true    
touch of this1 when he cried out1       
#ecjf,o ,thais1 utinam esset mihi ,pars 
aequa amoris tecum1 ac paritor fieret ut
 ,aut hoc tibi doleret itidem1 ut mihi  
dolet4  ,o ,thais1 would thou hadst of  
these my pains a part1 ,or as it doth me
 now1 so it would make thee smart4  ,so 
had that young man1 when he roared again
 for discontent1 #ecjg;,jactor1 crucior1
 agitor1 stimulor1 ,versor in amoris    
rota miser1 ,exanimor1 feror1 distrahor1
 deripior1 ,ubi sum1 ibi non sum2 ubi   
non sum1 ibi est animus4  ,i am vext and
 toss'd1 and rack'd on love's wheel3    
,where not1 ,i am2 but where am1 do not 
feel4  ,the moon in #ecjh,lucian made   
her moan to ,venus1 that she was almost 
dead for love1 pereo equidem amore1 and 
after a long tale1 she broke off        
abruptly and wept1 #ecji,o ,venus1 thou 
knowest my poor heart4 ,charmides1 in   

#ecaj,lucian1 was so impatient1 that he 
sobbed and sighed1 and tore his hair1   
and said he would hang himself4 ,i am   
undone1 ,o sister ,tryphena1 ,i cannot  
endure these love pangs2 what shall ,i  
do8 ,vos ,o dii ,averrunci solvite me   
his curis1 ,o ye gods1 free me from     
these cares and miseries1 out of the    
anguish of his soul1 #ecaa,theocles     
prays4 ,shall ,i say1 most part of a    
lover's life is full of agony1 anxiety1 
fear1 and grief1 complaints1 sighs1     
suspicions1 and cares1 7heigh-ho1 my    
heart is woe7 full of silence and       
irksome solitariness8 ,frequenting shady
 bowers in discontent1 ,to the air his  
fruitless clamours he will vent4  except
 at such times that he hath lucida      
intervalla1 pleasant gales1 or sudden   
alterations1 as if his mistress smile   
upon him1 give him a good look1 a kiss1 
or that some comfortable message be     
brought him1 his service is accepted1 c4
 ,he is then too confident and rapt     
beyond himself1 as if he had heard the  

nightingale in the spring before the    
cuckoo1 or as #ecab;,calisto was at     
,malebaeas' presence1 ,quis unquam hac  
mortali vita1 tam gloriosum corpus      
vidit8 humanitatem transcendere videor41
 c4 who ever saw so glorious a sight1   
what man ever enjoyed such delight8     
,more content cannot be given of the    
gods1 wished1 had or hoped of any mortal
 man4 ,there is no happiness in the     
world comparable to his1 no content1 no 
joy to this1 no life to love1 he is in  
paradise4 #ecac,quis me uno vivit       
felicior8 aut magis hac est ,optandum   
vita dicere quis poterit8  ,who lives so
 happy as myself8 what bliss ,in this   
our life may be compar'd to this8  ,he  
will not change fortune in that case    
with a prince1 #ecad;,donec gratus eram 
tibi1 ,persarum vigui rege beatior4     
,the ,persian kings are not so jovial as
 he is1 ,o #ecae;festus dies hominis1 ,o
 happy day2 so ,chaerea exclaims when he
 came from ,pamphila his sweetheart well
 pleased1 ,nunc est profecto interfici  

cum perpeti me possem1 ,ne hoc gaudium  
contaminet vita aliqua aegritudine4  ,he
 could find in his heart to be killed   
instantly1 lest if he live longer1 some 
sorrow or sickness should contaminate   
his joys4 ,a little after1 he was so    
merrily set upon the same occasion1 that
 he could not contain himself4 #ecaf,o  
populares1 ecquis me vivit hodie        
fortunatior8 ,nemo hercule quisquam2 nam
 in me dii plane potestatem ,suam omnem 
ostendere2  ,is't possible 7,o my       
countrymen7 for any living to be so     
happy as myself8 ,no sure it cannot be1 
for the gods have shown all their power1
 all their goodness in me4 ,yet by and  
by when this young gallant was crossed  
in his wench1 he laments1 and cries1 and
 roars downright3 ,occidi--,i am undone1
 ,neque virgo est usquam1 neque ego1 qui
 e conspectu illam amisi meo1 ,ubi      
quaeram1 ubi investigem1 quem percunter1
 quam insistam viam8  ,the virgin's     
gone1 and ,i am gone1 she's gone1 she's 
gone1 and what shall ,i do8 where shall 

,i seek her1 where shall ,i find her1   
whom shall ,i ask8 what way1 what course
 shall ,i take8 what will become of     
me--#ecagvitales auras invitus agebat1  
he was weary of his life1 sick1 mad1 and
 desperate1 #ecahutinam mihi esset      
aliquid hic1 quo nunc me praecipitem    
darem4 ',tis not ,chaereas' case this   
alone1 but his1 and his1 and every      
lover's in the like state4 ,if he hear  
ill news1 have bad success in his suit1 
she frown upon him1 or that his mistress
 in his presence respect another more   
7as #ecai;,hedus observes7 prefer       
another suitor1 speak more familiarly to
 him1 or use more kindly than himself1  
if by nod1 smile1 message1 she          
discloseth herself to another1 he is    
instantly tormented1 none so dejected as
 he is1 utterly undone1 a castaway1     
#ecbj;,in quem fortuna omnia odiorum    
suorum crudelissima tela exonerat1 a    
dead man1 the scorn of fortune1 a       
monster of fortune1 worse than nought1  
the loss of a kingdom had been less4    

#ecba;,aretine's ,lucretia made very    
good proof of this1 as she relates it   
herself4 ,for when ,i made some of my   
suitors believe ,i would betake myself  
to a nunnery1 they took on1 as if they  
had lost father and mother1 because they
 were for ever after to want my company4
 ,omnes labores leves fuere1 all other  
labour was light3 #ecbb;but this might  
not be endured4 ,tui carendum quod      
erat--for ,i cannot be without thy      
company1 mournful ,amyntas1 painful     
,amyntas1 careful ,amyntas2 better a    
metropolitan city were sacked1 a royal  
army overcome1 an invincible armada     
sunk1 and twenty thousand kings should  
perish1 than her little finger ache1 so 
zealous are they1 and so tender of her  
good4 ,they would all turn friars for my
 sake1 as she follows it1 in hope by    
that means to meet1 or see me again1 as 
my confessors1 at stool-ball1 or at     
barley-break3 ,and so afterwards when an
 importunate suitor came1 #ecbc;,if ,i  
had bid my maid say that ,i was not at  

leisure1 not within1 busy1 could not    
speak with him1 he was instantly        
astonished1 and stood like a pillar of  
marble2 another went swearing1 chafing1 
cursing1 foaming4 #ecbd;,illa sibi vox  
ipsa ,jovis violentior ira1 cum tonat1  
c4 the voice of a mandrake had been     
sweeter music3 but he to whom ,i gave   
entertainment1 was in the ,elysian      
fields1 ravished for joy1 quite beyond  
himself4 ',tis the general humour of all
 lovers1 she is their stern1 pole-star1 
and guide4 #ecbe;,deliciumque animi1    
deliquiumque sui4 ,as a tulipant to the 
sun 7which our herbalists calls         
,narcissus7 when it shines1 is          
,admirandus flos ad radios solis se     
pandens1 a glorious flower exposing     
itself2 #ecbf;but when the sun sets1 or 
a tempest comes1 it hides itself1 pines 
away1 and hath no pleasure left1 7which 
,carolus ,gonzaga1 duke of ,mantua1 in a
 cause not unlike1 sometimes used for an
 impress7 do all inamorates to their    
mistress2 she is their sun1 their       

,primum mobile1 or anima informans2 this
 #ecbgone hath elegantly expressed by a 
windmill1 still moved by the wind1 which
 otherwise hath no motion of itself4    
,sic tua ni spiret gratia1 truncus ero4 
,he is wholly animated from her breath1 
his soul lives in her body1 #ecbhsola   
claves habet interitus et salutis1 she  
keeps the keys of his life3 his fortune 
ebbs and flows with her favour1 a       
gracious or bad aspect turns him up or  
down1 ,mens mea lucescit ,lucia luce    
tua4 ,howsoever his present state be    
pleasing or displeasing1 'tis continuate
 so long as he #ecbiloves1 he can do    
nothing1 think of nothing but her2      
desire hath no rest1 she is his         
cynosure1 ,hesperus and vesper1 his     
morning and evening star1 his goddess1  
his mistress1 his life1 his soul1 his   
everything2 dreaming1 waking1 she is    
always in his mouth2 his heart1 his     
eyes1 ears1 and all his thoughts are    
full of her4 ,his ,laura1 his           
,victorina1 his ,columbina1 ,flavia1    

,flaminia1 ,caelia1 ,delia1 or          
,isabella1 7call her how you will7 she  
is the sole object of his senses1 the   
substance of his soul1 nidulus animae   
suae1 he magnifies her above measure1   
totus in illa1 full of her1 can breathe 
nothing but her4 ,i adore ,melebaea1    
saith lovesick #eccj;,calisto1 ,i       
believe in ,melebaea1 ,i honour1 admire 
and love my ,melebaea2 ,his soul was    
soused1 imparadised1 imprisoned in his  
lady4 ,when #ecca,thais took her leave  
of ,phaedria1--mi ,phaedria1 et nunquid 
aliud vis8 ,sweet heart 7she said7 will 
you command me any further service8 he  
readily replied1 and gave in this       
charge1 ------egone quid velim8 ,dies   
noctesque ames me1 me desideres1 ,me    
somnies1 me expectes1 me cogites1 ,me   
speres1 me te oblectes1 mecum tota sis1 
,meus fac postremo animus1 quando ego   
sum tuus4  ,dost ask 7my dear7 what     
service ,i will have8 ,to love me day   
and night is all ,i crave1 ,to dream on 
me1 to expect1 to think on me1 ,depend  

and hope1 still covet me to see1        
,delight thyself in me1 be wholly mine1 
,for know1 my love1 that ,i am wholly   
thine4  ,but all this needed not1 you   
will say2 if she affect once1 she will  
be his1 settle her love on him1 on him  
alone1 #eccb------;illum absens absentem
 ,auditque videtque------  she can1 she 
must think and dream of nought else but 
him1 continually of him1 as did ,orpheus
 on his ,eurydice1 ,te dulcis conjux1 te
 solo in littore mecum1 ,te veniente    
die1 te discedente canebam4  ,on thee   
sweet wife was all my song4 ,morn1      
evening1 and all along4  ,and ,dido upon
 her ,aeneas2 ------et quae me insomnia 
terrent1 ,multa viri virtus1 et plurima 
currit imago4  ,and ever and anon she   
thinks upon the man ,that was so fine1  
so fair1 so blithe1 so debonair4        
,clitophon1 in the first book of        
,achilles1 ,tatius1 complaineth how that
 his mistress ,leucippe tormented him   
much more in the night than in the day4 
#eccc;,for all day long he had some     

object or other to distract his senses1 
but in the night all ran upon her4 ,all 
night long he lay #eccd awake1 and could
 think of nothing else but her1 he could
 not get her out of his mind2 towards   
morning1 sleep took a little pity on    
him1 he slumbered awhile1 but all his   
dreams were of her4 #ecce------te nocte 
sub atra ,alloquor1 amplector1 falsaque 
in imagine somni1 ,gaudia solicitam     
palpant evanida mentem4  ,in the dark   
night ,i speak1 embrace1 and find ,that 
fading joys deceive my careful mind4    
,the same complaint ,euryalus makes to  
his ,lucretia1 #eccf;day and night ,i   
think of thee1 ,i wish for thee1 ,i talk
 of thee1 call on thee1 look for thee1  
hope for thee1 delight myself in thee1  
day and night ,i love thee4 #eccg,nec   
mihi vespere ,surgente decedunt amores1 
,nec rapidum fugiente solem4  ,morning1 
evening1 all is alike with me1 ,i have  
restless thoughts1 #ecch ,te vigilans   
oculis1 animo te nocte requiro4 ,still  
,i think on thee4 ,anima non est ubi    

animat1 sed ubi amat4 ,i live and       
breathe in thee1 ,i wish for thee4      
#ecci,o niveam quae te poterit mihi     
reddere lucem1 ,o mihi felicem terque   
quaterque diem4  ,o happy day that shall
 restore thee to my sight4 ,in the      
meantime he raves on her2 her sweet     
face1 eyes1 actions1 gestures1 hands1   
feet1 speech1 length1 breadth1 height1  
depth1 and the rest of her dimensions1  
are so surveyed1 measured1 and taken1 by
 that ,astrolabe of phantasy1 and that  
so violently sometimes1 with such       
earnestness and eagerness1 such         
continuance1 so strong an imagination1  
that at length he thinks he sees her    
indeed2 he talks with her1 he embraceth 
her1 ,ixion-like1 pro ,junone nubem1 a  
cloud for ,juno1 as he said4 ,nihil     
praeter ,leucippen cerno1 ,leucippe mihi
 perpetuo in oculis1 et animo versatur1 
,i see and meditate of nought but       
,leucippe4 ,be she present or absent1   
all is one2 #ecdj;,et quamvis aberat    
placidae praesentia formae ,quem dederat

 praesens forma1 manebat amor4  ,that   
impression of her beauty is still fixed 
in his mind1--#ecda;haerent infixi      
pectora vultus2 as he that is bitten    
with a mad dog thinks all he sees       
dogs--dogs in his meat1 dogs in his     
dish1 dogs in his drink3 his mistress is
 in his eyes1 ears1 heart1 in all his   
senses4 ,valleriola had a merchant1 his 
patient1 in the same predicament2 and   
#ecdb,ulricus ,molitor1 out of ,austin1 
hath a story of one1 that through       
vehemency of his love passion1 still    
thought he saw his mistress present with
 him1 she talked with him1 ,et          
commisceri cum ea vigilans videbatur1   
still embracing him4 ,now if this       
passion of love can produce such        
effects1 if it be pleasantly intended1  
what bitter torments shall it breed1    
when it is with fear and continual      
sorrow1 suspicion1 care1 agony1 as      
commonly it is1 still accompanied1 what 
an intolerable #ecdcpain must it be8    
------,non tam grandes ,gargara culmos1 

quot demerso ,pectore curas longa nexas 
,usque catena1 vel quae penitus         
,crudelis amor vulnera miscet4  ,mount  
,gargarus hath not so many stems ,as    
lover's breast hath grievous wounds1    
,and linked cares1 which love compounds4
  ,when the ,king of ,babylon would have
 punished a courtier of his1 for loving 
of a young lady of the royal blood1 and 
far above his fortunes1 #ecdd           
,apollonius in presence by all means    
persuaded to let him alone2 ,for to love
 and not enjoy was a most unspeakable   
torment1 no tyrant could invent the like
 punishment2 as a gnat at a candle1 in a
 short space he would consume himself4  
,for love is a perpetual #ecde;flux1    
angor animi1 a warfare1 militat omni    
amans1 a grievous wound is love still1  
and a lover's heart is ,cupid's quiver1 
a consuming #ecdf;fire1 #ecdg;accede ad 
hunc ignem1 c4 an inextinguishable fire4
 #ecdh------;alitur et crescit malum1   
,et ardet intus1 qualis ,aetnaeo vapor  
,exundat antro------  ,as ,aetna rageth1

 so doth love1 and more than ,aetna or  
any material fire4 #ecdi------,nam amor 
saepe ,lypareo ,vulcano ardentiorem     
flammam incendere solet4  ,vulcan's     
flames are but smoke to this4 ,for fire1
 saith #ecej,xenophon1 burns them alone 
that stand near it1 or touch it2 but    
this fire of love burneth and scorcheth 
afar off1 and is more hot and vehement  
than any material fire3 #ecea;,ignis in 
igne furit1 'tis a fire in a fire1 the  
quintessence of fire4 ,for when ,nero   
burnt ,rome1 as ,calisto urgeth1 he     
fired houses1 consumed men's bodies and 
goods2 but this fire devours the soul   
itself1 and #ecebone soul is worth a    
hundred thousand bodies4 ,no water can  
quench this wild fire4 #ecec------;,in  
pectus coecos absorbuit ignes1 ,ignes   
qui nec aqua perimi potuere1 nec imbre  
,diminui1 neque graminibus1 magicisque  
susurris4   ,a fire he took into his    
breast1 ,which water could not quench4  
,nor herb1 nor art1 nor magic spells    
,could quell1 nor any drench4  ,except  

it be tears and sighs1 for so they may  
chance find a little ease4 #eced,sic    
candentia colla1 sic patens frons1 ,sic 
me blanda tui ,neaera ocelli1 ,sic pares
 minio genae perurunt1 ,ut ni me        
lachrymae rigent perennes1 ,totus in    
tenues eam favillas4  ,so thy white     
neck1 ,neaera1 me poor soul ,doth       
scorch1 thy cheeks1 thy wanton eyes that
 roll3 ,were it not for my dropping     
tears that hinder1 ,i should be quite   
burnt up forthwith to cinder4  ,this    
fire strikes like lightning1 which made 
those old ,grecians paint ,cupid1 in    
many of their #eceetemples1 with        
,jupiter's thunderbolts in his hands2   
for it wounds1 and cannot be perceived  
how1 whence it came1 where it pierced4  
#ecef,urimur1 et coecum1 pectora vulnus 
habent1 and can hardly be discerned at  
first4 #eceg------;,est mollis flamma   
medullas1 ,et tacitum insano vivit sub  
pectore vulnus4  ,a gentle wound1 an    
easy fire it was1 ,and sly at first1 and
 secretly did pass4  ,but by-and-by it  

began to rage and burn amain2           
#eceh------,pectus insanum vapor4       
,amorque torret1 intus saevus vorat     
,penitus medullas1 atque per venas meat 
,visceribus ignis mersus1 et venis      
latens1 ,ut agilis altas flamma         
percurrit trabes4  ,this fiery vapour   
rageth in the veins1 ,and scorcheth     
entrails1 as when fire burns ,a house1  
it nimbly runs along the beams1 ,and at 
the last the whole it overturns4        
,abraham ,hoffemannus1 lib4 #a4 amor    
conjugal1 cap4 #b4 p4 #bb4 relates out  
of ,plato1 how that ,empedocles1 the    
philosopher1 was present at the cutting 
up of one that died for love1 #ecei;his 
heart was combust1 his liver smoky1 his 
lungs dried up1 insomuch that he verily 
believed his soul was either sodden or  
roasted through the vehemency of love's 
fire4 ,which belike made a modern writer
 of amorous emblems express love's fury 
by a pot hanging over the fire1 and     
,cupid blowing the coals4 ,as the heat  
consumes the water1 #ecfj,sic sua       

consumit viscera coecus amor1 so doth   
love dry up his radical moisture4       
,another compares love to a melting     
torch1 which stood too near the fire4   
#ecfa,sic quo quis proprior suae puellae
 est1 ,hoc stultus proprior suae runinae
 est4  ,the nearer he unto his mistress 
is1 ,the nearer he unto his ruin is4    
,so that to say truth1 as               
#ecfb;,castilio describes it1 ,the      
beginning1 middle1 end of love is nought
 else but sorrow1 vexation1 agony1      
torment1 irksomeness1 wearisomeness2 so 
that to be squalid1 ugly1 miserable1    
solitary1 discontent1 dejected1 to wish 
for death1 to complain1 rave1 and to be 
peevish1 are the certain signs and      
ordinary actions of a lovesick person4  
,this continual pain and torture makes  
them forget themselves1 if they be far  
gone with it1 in doubt1 despair of      
obtaining1 or eagerly bent1 to neglect  
all ordinary business4                  
#ecfc------pendent opera interrupta1    
minaeque ,murorum ingentes1 aequataque  

machina coelo4  ,lovesick ,dido left her
 work undone1 so did #ecfd,phaedra1     
------,palladis telae vacant ,et inter  
ipsus pensa labuntur manus4  ,faustus1  
in #ecfe,mantuan1 took no pleasure in   
anything he did1 ,nulla quies mihi      
dulcis erat1 nullus labor aegro         
,pectore1 sensus iners1 et mens torpore 
sepulta1 ,carminis occiderat            
studium4------  ,and 'tis the humour of 
them all1 to be careless of their       
persons and their estates1 as the       
shepherd in #ecff,theocritus1 et haec   
barba inculta est1 squalidique capilli1 
their beards flag1 and they have no more
 care of pranking themselves or of any  
business1 they care not1 as they say1   
which end goes forward4 #ecfg,oblitusque
 greges1 et rura domestica totus        
#ecfh,uritur1 et noctes in luctum       
expendit amaras1  ,forgetting flocks of 
sheep and country farms1 ,the silly     
shepherd always mourns and burns4       
,lovesick #ecfi;,chaerea1 when he came  
from ,pamphila's house1 and had not so  

good welcome as he did expect1 was all  
amort1 ,parmeno meets him1 quid tristis 
es8 ,why art thou so sad man8 unde es8  
whence comest1 how doest8 but he sadly  
replies1 ,ego hercle nescio neque unde  
eam1 neque quorsum eam1 ita prorsus     
oblitus sum mei1 ,i have so forgotten   
myself1 ,i neither know where ,i am1 nor
 whence ,i come1 nor whether ,i will1   
what ,i do4 ,p4 #ecgj;,how so8 ,ch4 ,i  
am in love4 ,prudens sciens4            
#ecga--vivus vidensque pereo1 nec quid  
agam scio4 #ecgb;,he that erst had his  
thoughts free 7as ,philostratus         
,lemnius1 in an epistle of his1         
describes this fiery passion71 and spent
 his time like a hard student1 in those 
delightsome philosophical precepts2 he  
that with the sun and moon wandered all 
over the world1 with stars themselves   
ranged about1 and left no secret or     
small mystery in nature unsearched1     
since he was enamoured can do nothing   
now but think and meditate of love      
matters1 day and night composeth himself

 how to please his mistress2 all his    
study1 endeavour1 is to approve himself 
to his mistress1 to win his mistress'   
favour1 to compass his desire1 to be    
counted her servant4 ,when ,peter       
,abelard1 that great scholar of his age1
 ,cui soli patuit scibile quicquid      
erat1#ecgc7whose faculties were equal to
 any difficulty in learning17 was now in
 love with ,heloise1 he had no mind to  
visit or frequent schools and scholars  
any more1 ,taediosum mihi valde fuit 7as
 he #ecgd;confesseth7 ad scholas        
procedere1 vel in iis morari1 all his   
mind was on his new mistress4 ,now to   
this end and purpose1 if there be any   
hope of obtaining his suit1 to prosecute
 his cause1 he will spend himself1      
goods1 fortunes for her1 and though he  
lose and alienate all his friends1 be   
threatened1 be cast off1 and            
disinherited2 for as the poet saith1    
,amori quis legem det8#ecge though he be
 utterly undone by it1 disgraced1 go a  
begging1 yet for her sweet sake1 to     

enjoy her1 he will willingly beg1 hazard
 all he hath1 goods1 lands1 shame1      
scandal1 fame1 and life itself4 ,non    
recedam neque quiescam1 noctu et        
interdiu1 profecto quam aut ipsam1 aut  
mortem investigavero4  ,i'll never rest 
or cease my suit ,till she or death do  
make me mute4  ,parthenis in            
,aristaenetus #ecgfwas fully resolved to
 do as much4 ,i may have better matches1
 ,i confess1 but farewell shame1        
farewell honour1 farewell honesty1      
farewell friends and fortunes1 c4 ,o1   
,harpedona1 keep my counsel1 ,i will    
leave all for his sweet sake1 ,i will   
have him1 say no more1 contra gentes1 ,i
 am resolved1 ,i will have him4         
,gobrias#ecgg1 the captain1 when1 he had
 espied ,rhodanthe1 the fair captive    
maid1 fell upon his knees before        
,mystilus1 the general1 with tears1     
vows1 and all the rhetoric he could1 by 
the scars he had formerly received1 the 
good service he had done1 or whatsoever 
else was dear unto him1 besought his    

governor he might have the captive      
virgin to be his wife1 virtutis suae    
spolium1 as a reward of his worth and   
service2 and1 moreover1 he would forgive
 him the money which was owing1 and all 
reckonings besides due unto him1 ,i ask 
no more1 no part of booty1 no portion1  
but ,rhodanthe to be my wife4 ,and when 
as he could not compass her by fair     
means1 he fell to treachery1 force and  
villainy1 and set his life at stake at  
last to accomplish his desire4 ',tis a  
common humour this1 a general passion of
 all lovers to be so affected1 and which
 ,aemilia told ,aratine1 a courtier in  
,castilio's discourse1 surely ,aratine1 
if thou werst not so indeed1 thou didst 
not love2 ingenuously confess1 for if   
thou hadst been thoroughly enamoured1   
thou wouldst have desired nothing more  
than to please thy mistress4 ,for that  
is the law of love1 to will and nill the
 same4#ecgh,tantum velle et nolle1 velit
 nolit quod amica8#ecgi ,undoubtedly    
this may be pronounced of them all1 they

 are very slaves1 drudges for the time1 
madmen1 fools1 dizzards1                
atrabilarii#echj1 beside themselves1 and
 as blind as beetles4 ,their dotage     
#echa;is most eminent1 ,amore simul et  
sapere ipsi ,jovi non datur1 as ,seneca 
holds1 ,jupiter himself cannot love and 
be wise both together2 the very best of 
them1 if once they be overtaken with    
this passion1 the most staid1 discreet1 
grave1 generous and wise1 otherwise able
 to govern themselves1 in this commit   
many absurdities1 many indecorums1      
unbefitting their gravity and persons4  
#echb,quisquis amat servit1 sequitur    
captivus amantem1 ,fert domita cervice  
jugum------  ,samson1 ,david1 ,solomon1 
,hercules1 ,socrates1 c4 are justly     
taxed of indiscretion in this point2 the
 middle sort are between hawk and       
buzzard2 and although they do perceive  
and acknowledge their own dotage1       
weakness1 fury1 yet they cannot         
withstand it2 as well may witness those 
expostulations and confessions of ,dido 

in ,virgil4 #echc;,incipit effari       
mediaque in voce resistit4  ,phaedra in 
,seneca4 #echd,quod ratio poscit1 vincit
 ac regnat furor1 ,potensque tota mente 
dominatur deus4  ,myrrha in #eche4 ,ovid
 ,illa quidem sentit1 foedoque repugnat 
amori1 ,et secum quo mente feror1 quid  
molior1 inquit1 ,dii precor1 et pietas1 
c4   ,she sees and knows her fault1 and 
doth resist1 ,against her filthy lust   
she doth contend4  ,and whither go ,i1  
what am ,i about8 ,and ,god forbid1 yet 
doth it in the end4  ,again1 ------,per 
vigil igne ,carpitur indomito1          
furiosaque vota retrectat1 ,et modo     
desperat1 modo vult tentare1 pudetque   
,et cupit1 et quid agat1 non invenit1 c4
  ,with raging lust she burns1 and now  
recalls ,her vow1 and then despairs1 and
 when 'tis past1 ,her former thoughts   
she'll prosecute in haste1 ,and what to 
do she knows not at the last4  ,she will
 and will not1 abhors3 and yet as ,medea
 did1 doth it1 ------,trahit invitam    
nova via1 aliudque cupido1 ,mens aliud  

suadet2 video meliora1 proboque1        
,deteriora sequor4------  ,reason pulls 
one way1 burning lust another1 ,she sees
 and knows what's good1 but she doth    
neither1  ,o fraus1 amorque1 et mentis  
emotae furor1 quo me abstulistis8#echf  
,the major part of lovers are carried   
headlong like so many brute beasts1     
reason counsels one way1 thy friends1   
fortunes1 shame1 disgrace1 danger1 and  
an ocean of cares that will certainly   
follow2 yet this furious lust           
precipitates1 counterpoiseth1 weighs    
down on the other2 though it be their   
utter undoing1 perpetual infamy1 loss1  
yet they will do it1 and become at last 
insensati1 void of sense2 degenerate    
into dogs1 hogs1 asses1 brutes2 as      
,jupiter into a bull1 ,apuleius an ass1 
,lycaon a wolf1 ,tereus a               
lapwing1#echg;,calisto a bear1 ,elpenor 
and ,grillus info swine by ,circe4 ,for 
what else may we think those ingenious  
poets to have shadowed in their witty   
fictions and poems but that a man once  

given over to his lust 7as              
#echh;,fulgentius interprets that of    
,apuleius1 ,alciat of ,tereus7 is no    
better than a beast4 ,rex fueram1 sic   
crista docet1 sed sordida vita ,immundam
 e tanto culmine fecit avem4#echi  ,i   
was a king1 my crown my witness is1 ,but
 by my filthiness am come to this4      
,their blindness is all out as great1 as
 manifest as their weakness and dotage1 
or rather an inseparable companion1 an  
ordinary sign of it1 #ecij love is      
blind1 as the saying is1 ,cupid's blind1
 and so are all his followers4 ,quisquis
 amat ranam1 ranam putat esse ,dianam4  
,every lover admires his mistress1      
though she be very deformed of herself1 
ill-favoured1 wrinkled1 pimpled1 pale1  
red1 yellow1 tanned1 tallow-faced1 have 
a swollen juggler's platter face1 or a  
thin1 lean1 chitty face1 have clouds in 
her face1 be crooked1 dry1 bald1        
goggle-eyed1 blear-eyed1 or with staring
 eyes1 she looks like a squissed cat1   
hold her head still awry1 heavy1 dull1  

hollow-eyed1 black or yellow about the  
eyes1 or squint-eyed1 sparrow-mouthed1  
,persian hook-nosed1 have a sharp fox   
nose1 a red nose1 ,china flat1 great    
nose1 nare simo patuloque1 a nose like a
 promontory1 gubber-tushed1 rotten      
teeth1 black1 uneven1 brown teeth1      
beetle browed1 a witch's beard1 her     
breath stink all over the room1 her nose
 drop winter and summer1 with a         
,bavarian poke under her chin1 a sharp  
chin1 lave eared1 with a long crane's   
neck1 which stands awry too1 pendulis   
mammis1 her dugs like two double jugs1  
or else no dugs1 in that other extreme1 
bloody fallen fingers1 she have filthy1 
long unpared nails1 scabbed hands or    
wrists1 a tanned skin1 a rotten carcass1
 crooked back1 she stoops1 is lame1     
splay-footed1 as slender in the middle  
as a cow in the waist1 gouty legs1 her  
ankles hang over her shoes1 her feet    
stink1 she breed lice1 a mere           
changeling1 a very monster1 an oaf      
imperfect1 her whole complexion savours1

 a harsh voice1 incondite gesture1 vile 
gait1 a vast virago1 or an ugly tit1 a  
slug1 a fat fustilugs1 a truss1 a long  
lean rawbone1 a skeleton1 a sneaker 7si 
qua latent meliora puta71 and to thy    
judgment looks like a merd in a lantern1
 whom thou couldst not fancy for a      
world1 but hatest1 loathest1 and wouldst
 have spit in her face1 or blow thy nose
 in her bosom1 remedium amoris to       
another man1 a dowdy1 a slut1 a scold1 a
 nasty1 rank1 rammy1 filthy1 beastly    
quean1 dishonest peradventure1 obscene1 
base1 beggarly1 rude1 foolish1 untaught1
 peevish1 ,irus' daughter1 ,thersites'  
sister1 ,grobians' scholar1 if he love  
her once1 he admires her for all this1  
he takes no notice of any such errors1  
or imperfections of body or mind1       
#ecia;,ipsa haec--delectant1 veluti     
,balbinum ,polypus ,agnae12 he had      
rather have her than any woman in the   
world4 ,if he were a king1 she alone    
should be his queen1 his empress4 ,o    
that he had but the wealth and treasure 

of both the ,indies to endow her with1 a
 carrack of diamonds1 a chain of pearl1 
a cascanet of jewels1 7a pair of        
calfskin gloves of four-pence a pair    
were fitter71 or some such toy1 to send 
her for a token1 she should have it with
 all his heart2 he would spend myriads  
of crowns for her sake4 ,venus herself1 
,panthea1 ,cleopatra1 ,tarquin's        
,tanaquil1 ,herod's ,mariamne1 or       
#ecib,mary of ,burgundy1 if she were    
alive1 would not match her4             
7#ecic,vincit vultus haec ,tyndarios1   
,qui moverunt horrida bellla4  ,let     
,paris himself be judge7 renowned ,helen
 comes short1 that ,rodopheian ,phillis1
 ,larissean ,coronis1 ,babylonian       
,thisbe1 ,polixena1 ,laura1 ,lesbia1 c41
 your counterfeit ladies were never so  
fair as she is4 #ecid,quicquid erit     
placidi1 lepidi1 grati1 atque faceti1   
,vivida cunctorum retines ,pandora      
deorum4  ,whate'er is pretty1 pleasant1 
facete1 well1 ,whate'er ,pandora had1   
she doth excel4  #ecie;,dicebam ,trivioe

 formam nihil esse ,dianoe4 ,diana was  
not to be compared to her1 nor ,juno1   
nor ,minerva1 nor any goddess4 ,thetis' 
feet were as bright as silver1 the      
ankles of ,hebe clearer than crystal1   
the arms of ,aurora as ruddy as the     
rose1 ,juno's breasts as white as snow1 
,minerva wise1 ,venus fair2 but what of 
this8 ,dainty come thou to me4 ,she is  
all in all1 #ecif------;,caelia ridens  
,est ,venus1 incedens ,juno1 ,minerva   
loquens4  #ecig;,fairest of fair1 that  
fairness doth excel4  ,ephemerus in     
,aristaenetus1 so far admireth his      
mistress' good parts1 that he makes     
proclamation of them1 and challengeth   
all comers in her behalf4 #ecih,whoever 
saw the beauties of the east1 or of the 
west1 let them come from all quarters1  
all1 and tell truth1 if ever they saw   
such an excellent feature as this is4 ,a
 good fellow in ,petronius cries out1 no
 tongue can #eciitell his lady's fine   
feature1 or express it1 quicquid dixeris
 minus erit1 c4 ,no tongue can her      

perfections tell1 ,in whose each part1  
all tongues may dwell4  ,most of your   
lovers are of his humour and opinion4   
,she is nulli secunda1 a rare creature1 
a phoenix1 the sole commandress of his  
thoughts1 queen of his desires1 his only
 delight3 as #edjj,triton now feelingly 
sings1 that lovesick sea-god3 ,candida  
,leucothoe placet1 et placet atra       
,melaene1 ,sed ,galatea placet longe    
magis omnibus una4  ,fair ,leucothe1    
black ,melene please me well1 ,but      
,galatea doth by odds the rest excel4   
,all the gracious elogies1 metaphors1   
hyperbolical comparisons of the best    
things in the world1 the most glorious  
names2 whatsoever1 ,i say1 is pleasant1 
amiable1 sweet1 grateful1 and delicious1
 are too little for her4 ,phoebo        
pulchrior et sorore ,phoebi4  ,his      
,phoebe is so fair1 she is so bright1   
,she dims the sun's lustre1 and the     
moon's light4  ,stars1 sun1 moons1      
metals1 sweet-smelling flowers1 odours1 
perfumes1 colours1 gold1 silver1 ivory1 

pearls1 precious stones1 snow1 painted  
birds1 doves1 honey1 sugar1 spice1      
cannot express her1 #edjaso soft1 so    
tender1 so radiant1 sweet1 so fair is   
she4--,mollior cuniculi capillo1 c4     
#edjb,lydia bella1 puelia candida1 ,quae
 bene superas lac1 et lilium1 ,albamque 
simul rosam et rubicundam1 ,et expolitum
 ebur ,indicum4  ,fine ,lydia1 my       
mistress1 white and fair1 ,the milk1 the
 lily do not thee come near2 ,the rose  
so white1 the rose so red to see1 ,and  
,indian ivory comes short of thee4      
,such a description our ,english ,homer 
makes of a fair lady #edjc,that ,emilia 
that was fairer to seen1 ,then is lily  
upon the stalk green3 ,and fresher then 
,may with flowers new1 ,for with the    
rose colour strove her hue1 ,i no't     
which was the fairer of the two4  ,in   
this very phrase #edjd,polyphemus courts
 ,galatea3 ,candidior folio nivei       
,galatea ligustri1 ,floridior prato1    
longa procerior alno1 ,splendidior      
vitro1 tenero lascivior haedo1 c4       

,mollior et cygni plumis1 et lacte      
coacto4  ,whiter ,galet than the white  
withie-wind1 ,fresher than a field1     
higher than a tree1 ,brighter than      
glass1 more wanton than a kid1 ,softer  
than swan's down1 or ought that may be4 
,so she admires him again1 in that      
conceited dialogue of ,lucian1 which    
,john ,secundus1 an elegant ,dutch      
modern poet1 hath translated into verse4
 ,when ,doris and those other sea nymphs
 upbraided her with her ugly misshapen  
lover1 ,polyphemus2 she replies1 they   
speak out of envy and malice1 #edje;,et 
plane invidia huc mera vos stimulare    
videtur4 ,quod non vos itidem ut me     
,polyphemus amet2  ,say what they could1
 he was a proper man4 ,and as ,heloise  
writ to her sweetheart ,peter ,abelard1 
,si me ,augustus orbis imperator uxorem 
expeteret1 mallem tua esse meretrix quam
 orbis imperatrix2 she had rather be his
 vassal1 his quean1 than the world's    
empress or queen4--non si me ,jupiter   
ipse forte velit1--she would not change 

her love for ,jupiter himself4 ,to thy  
thinking she is a most loathsome        
creature2 and as when a country fellow  
discommended once that exquisite picture
 of ,helen1 made by ,zeuxis1 #edjf;for  
he saw no such beauty in it2            
,nichomachus a lovesick spectator       
replied1 ,sume tibi meos oculos et deam 
existimabis1 take mine eyes1 and thou   
wilt think she is a goddess1 dote on her
 forthwith1 count all her vices virtues2
 her imperfections infirmities1 absolute
 and perfect3 if she be flat-nosed1 she 
is lovely2 if hook-nosed1 kingly2 if    
dwarfish and little1 pretty2 if tall1   
proper and man-like1 our brave ,british 
,boadicea2 if crooked1 wise2 if         
monstrous1 comely2 her defects are no   
defects at all1 she hath no deformities4
 ,immo nec ipsum amicae stercus foetet1 
though she be nasty1 fulsome1 as        
,sostratus' bitch1 or ,parmeno's sow2   
thou hadst as live have a snake in thy  
bosom1 a toad in thy dish1 and callest  
her witch1 devil1 hag1 with all the     

filthy names thou canst invent2 he      
admires her on the other side1 she is   
his idol1 lady1 mistress1               
#edjgvenerilla1 queen1 the quintessence 
of beauty1 an angel1 a star1 a goddess4 
,thou art my ,vesta1 thou my goddess    
art1 ,thy hallowed temple only is my    
heart4  ,the fragrancy of a thousand    
courtesans is in her face3 #edjh,nec    
pulchrae effigies1 haec ,cypridis aut   
,stratonices2 'tis not ,venus' picture  
that1 nor the ,spanish infanta's1 as you
 suppose 7good sir71 no princess1 or    
king's daughter3 no1 no1 but his divine 
mistress1 forsooth1 his dainty          
,dulcinia1 his dear ,antiphila1 to whose
 service he is wholly consecrate1 whom  
he alone adores4 #edji;,cui comparatus  
indecens erit pavo1 ,inamabilis sciurus1
 et frequens ,phoenix4  ,to whom        
conferr'd a peacock's indecent1 ,a      
squirrel's harsh1 a phoenix too         
frequent4  ,all the graces1 veneries1   
elegancies1 pleasures1 attend her4 ,he  
prefers her before a myriad of court    

ladies4 #edaj;,he that commends ,phillis
 or ,neraea1 ,or ,amaryllis1 or         
,galatea1 ,tityrus or ,melibea1 by your 
leave1 ,let him be mute1 his love the   
praises have4  ,nay1 before all the gods
 and goddesses themselves4 ,so          
#edaa,quintus ,catullus admired his     
squint-eyed friend ,roscius4 ,pace mihi 
liceat 7,coelestes7 dicere vestra1      
,mortalis visus pulchrior esse ,deo4    
,by your leave gentle ,gods1 this ,i'll 
say true1 ,there's none of you that have
 so fair a hue4  ,all the bombast       
epithets1 pathetical adjuncts1          
incomparably fair1 curiously neat1      
divine1 sweet1 dainty1 delicious1 c41   
pretty diminutives1 corculum1 suaviolum1
 c4 pleasant names may be invented1     
bird1 mouse1 lamb1 puss1 pigeon1        
pigsney1 kid1 honey1 love1 dove1        
chicken1 c4 he puts on her4 #edab,meum  
mel1 mea suavitas1 meum cor1 ,meum      
suaviolum1 mei lepores1  my life1 my    
light1 my jewel1 my glory1              
#edac,margareta speciosa1 cujus respectu

 omnia mundi pretiosa sordent1 my sweet 
,margaret1 my sole delight and darling4 
,and as #edad,rhodomant courted         
,isabella3 ,by all kind words and       
gestures that he might1 ,he calls her   
his dear heart1 his sole beloved1 ,his  
joyful comfort1 and his sweet delight4  
,his mistress1 and his goddess1 and such
 names1 ,as loving knights apply to     
lovely dames4  ,every cloth she wears1  
every fashion pleaseth him above        
measure2 her hand1 ,o quales digitos1   
quos habet illa manus6 pretty foot1     
pretty coronets1 her sweet carriage1    
sweet voice1 tone1 ,o that pretty tone1 
her divine and lovely looks1 her every  
thing1 lovely1 sweet1 amiable1 and      
pretty1 pretty1 pretty4 ,her very name  
7let it be what it will7 is a most      
pretty1 pleasing name2 ,i believe now   
there is some secret power and virtue in
 names1 every action1 sight1 habit1     
gesture2 he admires1 whether she play1  
sing1 or dance1 in what tires soever she
 goeth1 how excellent it was1 how well  

it became her1 never the like seen or   
heard4 #edae,mille habet ornatus1 mille 
decenter habet4 ,let her wear what she  
will1 do what she will1 say what she    
will1 #edaf,quicquid enim dicit1 seu    
facit1 omne decet4 ,he applauds and     
admires everything she wears1 saith or  
doth1  #edag;,illam quicquid agit1      
quoquo vestigia vertit1 ,composuit      
furtim subsequiturque decor2  ,seu      
solvit crines1 fusis decet esse         
capillis1 ,seu compsit1 comptis est     
reverenda comis4   ,whate'er she doth1  
or whither e'er she go1 ,a sweet and    
pleasing grace attends forsooth2  ,or   
loose1 or bind her hair1 or comb it up1 
,she's to be honoured in what she doth4 
#edah,vestem induitur1 formosa est3     
exuitur1 tota forma est1 let her be     
dressed or undressed1 all is one1 she is
 excellent still1 beautiful1 fair1 and  
lovely to behold4 ,women do as much by  
men2 nay more1 far fonder1 weaker1 and  
that by many parasangs4 ,come to me my  
dear ,lycias1 7saith ,musaeus in        

#edai;,aristaenetus7 come quickly       
sweetheart1 all other men are satyrs1   
mere clowns1 blockheads to thee1 nobody 
to thee4 ,thy looks1 words1 gestures1   
actions1 c41 are incomparably beyond all
 others4 ,venus was never so much       
besotted on her ,adonis1 ,phaedra so    
delighted in ,hippolitus1 ,ariadne in   
,theseus1 ,thisbe in her ,pyramus1 as   
she is enamoured on her ,mopsus4 ,be    
thou the marigold1 and ,i will be the   
sun1 ,be thou the friar1 and ,i will be 
the nun4  ,i could repeat centuries of  
such4 ,now tell me what greater dotage  
or blindness can there be than this in  
both sexes8 and yet their slavery is    
more eminent1 a greater sign of their   
folly than the rest4 ,they are commonly 
slaves1 captives1 voluntary servants1   
,amator amicae mancipium1 as            
#edbj;,castilio terms him1 his mistress'
 servant1 her drudge1 prisoner1 bondman1
 what not8 ,he composeth himself wholly 
to her affections to please her1 and1 as
 ,aemelia said1 makes himself her       

lackey4 ,all his cares1 actions1 all his
 thoughts1 are subordinate to her will  
and commandment3 her most devote1       
obsequious1 affectionate servant and    
vassal4 ,for love 7as #edba;,cyrus in   
,xenophon well observed7 is a mere      
tyranny1 worse than any disease1 and    
they that are troubled with it desire to
 be free and cannot1 but are harder     
bound than if they were in iron chains4 
,what greater captivity or slavery can  
there be 7as #edbb,tully expostulates7  
than to be in love8 ,is he a free man   
over whom a woman domineers1 to whom she
 prescribes laws1 commands1 forbids what
 she will herself2 that dares deny      
nothing she demands2 she asks1 he gives2
 she calls1 he comes2 she threatens1 he 
fears2 ,nequissimum hunc servum puto1 ,i
 account this man a very drudge4 ,and as
 he follows it1 #edbc;,is this no small 
servitude for an enamourite to be every 
hour combing his head1 stiffening his   
beard1 perfuming his hair1 washing his  
face with sweet water1 painting1        

curling1 and not to come abroad but     
sprucely crowned1 decked1 and           
apparelled8 ,yet these are but toys in  
respect1 to go to the barber1 baths1    
theatres1 c41 he must attend upon her   
wherever she goes1 run along the streets
 by her doors and windows to see her1   
take all opportunities1 sleeveless      
errands1 disguise1 counterfeit shapes1  
and as many forms as ,jupiter himself   
ever took2 and come every day to her    
house 7as he will surely do if he be    
truly enamoured7 and offer her service1 
and follow her up and down from room to 
room1 as ,lucretia's suitors did1 he    
cannot contain himself but he will do   
it1 he must and will be where she is1   
sit next her1 still talking with her4   
#edbd;,if ,i did but let my glove fall  
by chance1 7as the said ,aretine's      
,lucretia brags17 ,i had one of my      
suitors1 nay two or three at once ready 
to stoop and take it up1 and kiss it1   
and with a low conge deliver it unto me2
 if ,i would walk1 another was ready to 

sustain me by the arm4 ,a third to      
provide fruits1 pears1 plums1 cherries1 
or whatsoever ,i would eat or drink4    
,all this and much more he doth in her  
presence1 and when he comes home1 as    
,troilus to his ,cressida1 'tis all his 
meditation to recount with himself his  
actions1 words1 gestures1 what          
entertainment he had1 how kindly she    
used him in such a place1 how she       
smiled1 how she graced him1 and that    
infinitely pleased him2 and then he     
breaks out1 ,o sweet ,areusa1 ,o my     
dearest ,antiphila1 ,o most divine      
looks1 ,o lovely graces1 and thereupon  
instantly he makes an epigram1 or a     
sonnet to five or seven tunes1 in her   
commendation1 or else he ruminates how  
she rejected his service1 denied him a  
kiss1 disgraced him1 c41 and that as    
effectually torments him4 ,and these are
 his exercises between comb and glass1  
madrigals1 elegies1 c41 these his       
cogitations till he see her again4 ,but 
all this is easy and gentle1 and the    

least part of his labour and bondage1 no
 hunter will take such pains for his    
game1 fowler for his sport1 or soldier  
to sack a city1 as he will for his      
mistress' favour4 #edbe;,ipsa comes     
veniam1 neque me salebrosa movebunt     
,saxa1 nec obliquo dente timendus aper4 
,as ,phaedra to ,hippolitus4 ,no danger 
shall affright1 for if that be true the 
poets feign1 ,love is the son of ,mars  
and ,venus2 as he hath delights1        
pleasures1 elegances from his mother1 so
 hath he hardness1 valour1 and boldness 
from his father4 ,and 'tis true that    
,bernard hath2 ,amore nihil mollius1    
nihil volentius1 nothing so boisterous1 
nothing so tender as love4 ,if once1    
therefore1 enamoured1 he will go1 run1  
ride many a mile to meet her1 day and   
night1 in a very dark night1 endure     
scorching heat1 cold1 wait in frost and 
snow1 rain1 tempest1 till his teeth     
chatter in his head1 those northern     
winds and showers cannot cool or quench 
his flame of love4 ,intempesta nocte non

 deterretur1 he will1 take my word1     
sustain hunger1 thirst1 ,penetrabit     
omnia1 perrumpet omnia1 love will find  
out a way1 through thick and thin he    
will to her1 ,expeditissimi montes      
videntur omnes tranabiles1 he will swim 
through an ocean1 ride post over the    
,alps1 ,apennines1 or ,pyrenean hills1  
#edbf;,ignem marisque fluctus1 atque    
turbines ,venti paratus est             
transire1------  though it rain daggers 
with their points downward1 light or    
dark1 all is one3 7,roscida per tenebras
 ,faunus ad antra venit71 for her sweet 
sake he will undertake ,hercules's      
twelve labours1 endure1 hazard1 c41 he  
feels it not4 #edbg,what shall ,i say1  
saith ,haedus1 of their great dangers   
they undergo1 single combats they       
undertake1 how they will venture their  
lives1 creep in at windows1 gutters1    
climb over walls to come to their       
sweethearts1 7anointing the doors and   
hinges with oil1 because they should not
 creak1 tread soft1 swim1 wade1 watch1  

c471 and if they be surprised1 leap out 
at windows1 cast themselves headlong    
down1 bruising or breaking their legs or
 arms1 and sometimes loosing life       
itself1 as ,calisto did for his lovely  
,melibaea4 ,hear some of their own      
confessions1 protestations1 complaints1 
proffers1 expostulations1 wishes1       
brutish attempts1 labours in this kind4 
,hercules served ,omphale1 put on an    
apron1 took a distaff and spun2 ,thraso 
the soldier was so submissive to ,thais1
 that he was resolved to do whatever she
 enjoined4 #edbh;,ego me ,thaidi dedam2 
et faciam quod jubet1 ,i am at her      
service4 ,philostratus in an epistle to 
his mistress1 #edbi;,i am ready to die  
sweetheart if it be thy will2 allay his 
thirst whom thy star hath scorched and  
undone1 the fountains and rivers deny no
 man drink that comes2 the fountain doth
 not say thou shalt not drink1 nor the  
apple thou shalt not eat1 nor the fair  
meadow walk not in me1 but thou alone   
wilt not let me come near thee1 or see  

thee1 contemned and despised ,i die for 
grief4 ,polienus1 when his mistress     
,circe did but frown upon him in        
,petronius1 drew his sword1 and bade her
 #edcjkill1 stab1 or whip him to death1 
he would strip himself naked1 and not   
resist4 ,another will take a journey to 
,japan1 ,longae navigationis molestis   
non curans3 a third 7if she say it7 will
 not speak a word for a twelvemonth's   
space1 her command shall be most        
inviolably kept3 a fourth will take     
,hercules's club from him1 and with that
 centurion in the ,spanish              
#edca;,caelestina1 will kill ten men for
 his mistress ,areusa1 for a word of her
 mouth he will cut bucklers in two like 
pippins1 and flap down men like flies1  
,elige quo mortis genere illum occidi   
cupis8 #edcb;,galeatus of ,mantua did a 
little more3 for when he was almost mad 
for love of a fair maid in the city1    
she1 to try him belike what he would do 
for her sake1 bade him in jest leap into
 the river ,po if he loved her2 he      

forthwith did leap headlong off the     
bridge and was drowned4 ,another at     
,ficinum in like passion1 when his      
mistress by chance 7thinking no harm ,i 
dare swear7 bade him go hang1 the next  
night at her doors hanged himself4      
#edcc,money 7saith ,xenophon7 is a very 
acceptable and welcome guest1 yet ,i had
 rather give it my dear ,clinia than    
take it of others1 ,i had rather serve  
him than command others1 ,i had rather  
be his drudge than take my ease1 undergo
 any danger for his sake than live in   
security4 ,for ,i had rather see ,clinia
 than all the world besides1 and had    
rather want the sight of all other      
things than him alone2 ,i am angry with 
the night and sleep that ,i may not see 
him1 and thank the light and sun because
 they show me my ,clinia2 ,i will run   
into the fire for his sake1 and if you  
did but see him1 ,i know that you       
likewise would run with me4 ,so         
,philostratus to his mistress1          
#edcd;,command me what you will1 ,i will

 do it2 bid me go to sea1 ,i am gone in 
an instant1 take so many stripes1 ,i am 
ready1 run through the fire1 and lay    
down my life and soul at thy feet1 'tis 
done4 ,so did4 ,aeolus to ,juno4        
------,tuus o regina quod optas         
,explorare labor1 mihi jussa capescere  
fas est4  ,o queen it is thy pains to   
enjoin me still1 ,and ,i am bound to    
execute thy will4  ,and ,phaedra to     
,hippolitus1 ,me vel sororem ,hippolite 
aut famulam voca1 ,famulamque potius1   
omne servitium feram4  ,o call me       
sister1 call me servant1 choose1 ,or    
rather servant1 ,i am thine to use4     
#edce,non me per altas ire si jubeas    
nives1 ,pigeat galatis ingredi ,pindi   
jugis1 ,non si per ignes ire aut infesta
 agmina ,cuncter1 paratus #edcf;ensibus 
pectus dare1 ,te tunc jubere1 me decet  
jussa exequi4  ,it shall not grieve me  
to the snowy hills1 ,or frozen ,pindus' 
tops forthwith to climb4 ,or run through
 fire1 or through an army1 ,say but the 
word1 for ,i am always thine4           

,callicratides in #edcg,lucian breaks   
out into this passionate speech1 ,o ,god
 of ,heaven1 grant me this life for ever
 to sit over against my mistress1 and to
 hear her sweet voice1 to go in and out 
with her1 to have every other business  
common with her2 ,i would labour when   
she labours2 sail when she sails2 he    
that hates her should hate me2 and if a 
tyrant kill her1 he should kill me2 if  
she should die1 ,i would not live1 and  
one grave should hold us both4          
#edch;,finiet illa meos moriens         
morientis amores4 ,abrocomus in         
#edci;,aristaenetus makes the like      
petition for his ,delphia1 --#eddj,tecum
 vivere amem1 tecum obeam lubens4 ,i    
desire to live with thee1 and ,i am     
ready to die with thee4 ',tis the same  
strain which ,theagines used to his     
,chariclea1 so that ,i may but enjoy thy
 love1 let me die presently3 ,leander to
 his ,hero1 when he besought the sea    
waves to let him go quietly to his love1
 and kill him coming back4 #edda,parcite

 dum propero1 mergite dum redeo4 ,spare 
me whilst ,i go1 drown me as ,i return4 
',tis the common humour of them all1 to 
contemn death1 to wish for death1 to    
confront death in this case1 ,quippe    
queis nec fera1 nec ignis1 neque        
praecipitium1 nec fretum1 nec ensis1    
neque laqueus gravia videntur2 ',tis    
their desire 7saith ,tyrius7 to die4    
,haud timet mortem1 cupit ire in ipsos  
------obvius enses4  ,he does not fear  
death1 he desireth such upon the very   
swords4 ,though a thousand dragons or   
devils keep the gates1 ,cerberus        
himself1 ,scyron and ,procrastes lay in 
wait1 and the way as dangerous1 as      
inaccessible as hell1 through fiery     
flames and over burning coulters1 he    
will adventure for all this4 ,and as    
#eddb,peter ,abelard lost his testicles 
for his ,heloise1 he will ,i say not    
venture an incision1 but life itself4   
,for how many gallants offered to lose  
their lives for a night's lodging with  
,cleopatra in those days6 and in the    

hour or moment of death1 'tis their sole
 comfort to remember their dear         
mistress1 as #eddc,zerbino slain in     
,france1 and ,brandimart in ,barbary2 as
 ,arcite did his ,emily4 #eddd------when
 he felt death1 ,dusked been his eyes1  
and faded is his breath ,but on his lady
 yet casteth he his eye1 ,his last word 
was1 mercy ,emely1 ,his spirit chang'd1 
and out went there1 ,whether ,i cannot  
tell1 ne where4  #edde,when ,captain    
,gobrius by an unlucky accident had     
received his death's wound1 heu me      
miserum exclamat1 miserable man that ,i 
am1 7instead of other devotions7 he     
cries out1 shall ,i die before ,i see my
 sweetheart ,rhodanthe8 ,sic amor       
mortem1 7saith mine author7 aut quicquid
 humanitus accidit1 aspernatur1 so love 
triumphs1 contemns1 insults over death  
itself4 ,thirteen proper young men lost 
their lives for that fair ,hippodamias' 
sake1 the daughter of ,onomaus1 king of 
,elis3 when that hard condition was     
proposed of death or victory1 they made 

no account of it1 but courageously for  
love died1 till ,pelops at last won her 
by a sleight4 #eddf;,as many gallants   
desperately adventured their dearest    
blood for ,atalanta1 the daughter of    
,schenius1 in hope of marriage1 all     
vanquished and overcame1 till           
,hippomenes by a few golden apples      
happily obtained his suit4 ,perseus1 of 
old1 fought with a sea monster for      
,andromeda's sake2 and our ,st4 ,george 
freed the king's daughter of ,sabea 7the
 golden legend is mine author7 that was 
exposed to a dragon1 by a terrible      
combat4 ,our knights errant1 and the    
,sir ,lancelots of these days1 ,i hope  
will adventure as much for ladies'      
favours1 as the ,squire of ,dames1      
,knight of the ,sun1 ,sir ,bevis of     
,southampton1 or that renowned peer1    
#eddg,orlando1 who long time had loved  
dear ,angelica the fair1 and for her    
sake ,about the world in nations far and
 near1 ,did high attempts perform and   
undertake2  he is a very dastard1 a     

coward1 a block and a beast1 that will  
not do as much1 but they will sure1 they
 will2 for it is an ordinary thing for  
these inamoratos of our time to say and 
do more1 to stab their arms1 carouse in 
blood1 #eddhor as that ,thessalian      
,thero1 that bit off his own thumb1     
provocans rivalem ad hoc aemulandum1 to 
make his co-rival do as much4 ',tis     
frequent with them to challenge the     
field for their lady and mistress' sake1
 to run a tilt1 #eddi,that either bears 
7so furiously they meet7 ,the other down
 under the horses' feet1  and then up   
and to it again1 ,and with their axes   
both so sorely pour1 ,that neither plate
 nor mail sustain'd the stour1 ,but     
riveld wreak like rotten wood asunder1  
,and fire did flash like lightning after
 thunder2  and in her quarrel1 to fight 
so long #edejtill their headpiece1      
bucklers be all broken1 and swords      
hacked like so many saws1 for they must 
not see her abused in any sort1 'tis    
blasphemy to speak against her1 a       

dishonour without all good respect to   
name her4 ',tis common with these       
creatures1 to drink #edea;healths upon  
their bare knees1 though it were a mile 
to the bottom1 no matter of what        
mixture1 off it comes4 ,if she bid them 
they will go barefoot to ,jerusalem1 to 
the great ,cham's court1 #edeb to the   
,east ,indies1 to fetch her a bird to   
wear in her hat3 and with ,drake and    
,candish sail round about the world for 
her sweet sake1 adversis ventis1 serve  
twice seven years1 as ,jacob did for    
,rachel2 do as much as #edec;,gesmunda1 
the daughter of ,tancredus1 prince of   
,salerna1 did for ,guisardus1 her true  
love1 eat his heart when he died2 or as 
,artemisia drank her husband's bones    
beaten to powder1 and so bury him in    
herself1 and endure more torments than  
,theseus or ,paris4 ,et his colitur     
,venus magis quam thure1 et victimis1   
with such sacrifices as these 7as #eded 
,aristaenetus holds7 ,venus is well     
pleased4 ,generally they undertake any  

pain1 any labour1 any toil1 for their   
mistress' sake1 love and admire a       
servant1 not to her alone1 but to all   
her friends and followers1 they hug and 
embrace them for her sake2 her dog1     
picture1 and everything she wears1 they 
adore it as a relic4 ,if any man come   
from her1 they feast him1 reward him1   
will not be out of his company1 do him  
all offices1 still remembering1 still   
talking of her3 #edee,nam si abest quod 
ames1 praesto simulacra tamen sunt      
,illius1 et nomen dulce observatur ad   
aures4  ,the very carrier that comes    
from him to her is a most welcome guest2
 and if he bring a letter1 she will read
 it twenty times over1 and as #edef     
,lucretia did by ,euryalus1 kiss the    
letter a thousand times together1 and   
then read it3 ,and #edeg;,chelidonia by 
,philonius1 after many sweet kisses1 put
 the letter in her bosom1 ,and kiss     
again1 and often look thereon1 ,and stay
 the messenger that would be gone3  ,and
 asked many pretty questions1 over and  

over again1 as how he looked1 what he   
did1 and what he said8 ,in a word1      
#edeh,vult placere sese amicae1 vult    
mihi1 vult pedissequae1 ,vult famulis1  
vult etiam ancillis1 et catulo meo4  ,he
 strives to please his mistress1 and her
 maid1 ,her servants1 and her dog1 and's
 well apaid4  ,if he get any remnant of 
hers1 a busk-point1 a feather of her    
fan1 a shoe-tie1 a lace1 a ring1 a      
bracelet of hair1 #edei,pignusque       
direptum lacertis2 ,aut digito male     
pertinaci1  he wears it for a favour on 
his arm1 in his hat1 finger1 or next his
 heart4 ,her picture he adores twice a  
day1 and for two hours together will not
 look off it2 as ,laodamia did by       
,protesilaus1 when he went to war1      
#edfj'sit at home with his picture      
before her2' a garter or a bracelet of  
hers is more precious than any saint's  
relic1 he lays it up in his casket1 7,o 
blessed relic7 and every day will kiss  
it3 if in her presence1 his eye is never
 off her1 and drink he will where she   

drank1 if it be possible1 in that very  
place1 c4 ,if absent1 he will walk in   
the walk1 sit under that tree where she 
did use to sit1 in that bower1 in that  
very seat1--et foribus miser oscula     
figit1 #edfamany years after sometimes1 
though she be far distant and dwell many
 miles off1 he loves yet to walk that   
way still1 to have his chamber-window   
look that way3 to walk by that river's  
side1 which 7though far away7 runs by   
the house where she dwells1 he loves the
 wind blows to that coast4 #edfb,o      
quoties dixi ,zephyris properantibus    
illuc1 ,felices pulchram visuri         
,amaryllada venti4  ,o happy western    
winds that blow that way1 ,for you shall
 see my love's fair face to day4  ,he   
will send a message to her by the wind4 
#edfc,vos aurae ,alpinae1 placidis de   
montibus aurae1 ,haec illi              
portate1------  #edfd;he desires to     
confer with some of her acquaintance1   
for his heart is still with her1 #edfeto
 talk of her1 admiring and commending   

her1 lamenting1 moaning1 wishing himself
 anything for her sake1 to have         
opportunity to see her1 ,o that he might
 but enjoy her presence6 ,so did        
,philostratus to his mistress1 #edff,o  
happy ground on which she treads1 and   
happy were ,i if she would tread upon   
me4 ,i think her countenance would make 
the rivers stand1 and when she comes    
abroad1 birds will sing and come about  
her4 ,ridebunt valles1 ridebunt obvia   
,tempe1 ,in florem viridis protinus ibi 
humus4  ,the fields will laugh1 the     
pleasant valleys burn1 ,and all the     
grass will into flowers turn4  ,omnis   
,ambrosiam spirabit aura4 #edfg,when she
 is in the meadow1 she is fairer than   
any flower1 for that lasts but for a    
day1 the river is pleasing1 but it      
vanisheth on a sudden1 but thy flower   
doth not fade1 thy stream is greater    
than the sea4 ,if ,i look upon the      
heaven1 methinks ,i see the sun fallen  
down to shine below1 and thee to shine  
in his place1 whom ,i desire4 ,if ,i    

look upon the night1 methinks ,i see two
 more glorious stars1 ,hesperus and     
thyself4 ,a little after he thus courts 
his mistress1 #edfh ,if thou goest forth
 of the city1 the protecting gods that  
keep the town will run after to gaze    
upon thee3 if thou sail upon the seas1  
as so many small boats1 they will follow
 thee3 what river would not run into the
 sea8 ,another1 he sighs and sobs1      
swears he hath ,cor scissum1 a heart    
bruised to powder1 dissolved and melted 
within him1 or quite gone from him1 to  
his mistress' bosom belike1 he is in an 
oven1 a salamander in the fire1 so      
scorched with love's heat2 he wisheth   
himself a saddle for her to sit on1 a   
posy for her to smell to1 and it would  
not grieve him to be hanged1 if he might
 be strangled in her garters3 he would  
willingly die tomorrow1 so that she     
might kill him with her own hands4      
#edfi,ovid would be a flea1 a gnat1 a   
ring1 ,catullus a sparrow1 #edgj,o si   
tecum ludere sicut ipsa possem1 ,et     

tristes animi levare curas4             
#edga;,anacreon1 a glass1 a gown1 a     
chain1 anything1 ,sed speculum ego ipse 
fiam1 ,ut me tuum usque cernas1 ,et     
vestis ipse fiam1 ,ut me tuum usque     
gestes4 ,mutari et opto in undam1 ,lavem
 tuos ut artus1 ,nardus puella fiam1 ,ut
 ego teipsum inungam1 ,sim fascia in    
papillis1 ,tuo et monile collo4 ,fiamque
 calceus1 me ,saltem ut pede usque      
calces4  #edgb;,but ,i a looking-glass  
would be1 ,still to be look'd upon by   
thee1 ,or ,i1 my love1 would be thy     
gown1 ,by thee to be worn up and down2  
,or a pure well full to the brims1 ,that
 ,i might wash thy purer limbs3 ,or1    
,i'd be precious balm to 'noint1 ,with  
choicest care each choicest joint2 ,or1 
if ,i might1 ,i would be fain ,about thy
 neck thy happy chain1 ,or would it were
 my blessed hap ,to be the lawn o'er thy
 fair pap4 ,or would ,i were thy shoe1  
to be ,daily trod upon by thee4  ,o     
thrice happy man that shall enjoy her3  
as they that saw ,hero in ,museus1 and  

#edgc,salmacis to ,hermaphroditus1      
#edgd------;,felices mater1 c4 felix    
nutrix4-- ,sed longe cunctis1 longeque  
beatior ille1 ,quem fructu sponsi et    
socii dignabere lecti4  ,the same       
passion made her break out in the       
comedy1 #edge,nae illae fortunatae1 sunt
 quae cum illo cubant1 happy are his    
bedfellows2 and as she said of ,cyprus1 
#edgf;,beata quae illi uxor futura      
esset1 blessed is that woman that shall 
be his wife1 nay1 thrice happy she that 
shall enjoy him but a night4 #edgg,una  
nox ,jovis sceptro aequiparanda1 such a 
night's lodging is worth ,jupiter's     
sceptre4 #edgh,qualis nox erit illa1    
dii1 deaeque1 ,quam mollis thorus8  ,o  
what a blissful night would it be1 how  
soft1 how sweet a bed6 ,she will        
adventure all her estate for such a     
night1 for a nectarean1 a balsam kiss   
alone4 #edgi,qui te videt beatus est1   
,beatior qui te audiet1 ,qui te potitur 
est ,deus4  ,the sultan of ,sana's wife 
in ,arabia1 when she had seen           

,vertomannus1 that comely traveller1    
lamented to herself in this manner1     
#edhj,o ,god1 thou hast made this man   
whiter than the sun1 but me1 mine       
husband1 and all my children black2 ,i  
would to ,god he were my husband1 or    
that ,i had such a son2 she fell a      
weeping1 and so impatient for love at   
last1 that 7as ,potiphar's wife did by  
,joseph7 she would have had him gone in 
with her1 she sent away ,gazella1       
,tegeia1 ,galzerana1 her waiting-maids1 
loaded him with fair promises and gifts1
 and wooed him with all the rhetoric she
 could1-- extremum hoc miserae da munus 
amanti1 grant this last request to a    
wretched lover4 ,but when he gave not   
consent1 she would have gone with him1  
and left all1 to be his page1 his       
servant1 or his lackey1 ,certa sequi    
charum corpus ut umbra solet1 so that   
she might enjoy him1 threatening        
moreover to kill herself1 c4 ,men will  
do as much and more for women1 spend    
goods1 lands1 lives1 fortunes2 kings    

will leave their crowns1 as ,king ,john 
for ,matilda the nun at ,dunmow4        
#edha;,but kings in this yet privileg'd 
may be1 ,i'll be a monk so ,i may live  
with thee4  ,the very ,gods will endure 
any shame 7atque aliquis de diis non    
tristibus inquit1 c47 be a spectacle as 
,mars and ,venus were1 to all the rest2 
so did ,lucian's ,mercury wish1 and     
peradventure so dost thou4 ,they will   
adventure their lives with alacrity     
--#edhbpro qua non metuam mori--nay     
more1 pro qua non metuam bis mori1 ,i   
will die twice1 nay1 twenty times for   
her4 ,if she die1 there's no remedy1    
they must die with her1 they cannot help
 it4 ,a lover in ,calcagninus1 wrote    
this on his darling's tomb1 ,quincia    
obiit1 sed non ,quincia sola obiit1     
,quincia obiit1 sed cum ,quincia et ipse
 obii2 ,risus obit1 obit gratia1 lusus  
obit4 ,nec mea nunc anima in pectore1 at
 in tumulo est4  ,quincia my dear is    
dead1 but not alone1 ,for ,i am dead1   
and with her ,i am gone3 ,sweet smiles1 

mirth1 graces1 all with her do rest1    
,and my soul too1 for 'tis not in my    
breast4  ,how many doting lovers upon   
the like occasion might say the same8   
,but these are toys in respect1 they    
will hazard their very souls for their  
mistress' sake4 ,atque aliquis          
interjuvenes miratus est1 et verbum     
dixit1 ,non ego in caelo cuperem ,deus  
esse1 ,nostram uxorem habens domi ,hero4
   ,one said1 to heaven would ,i not    
desire at all to go1  ,if that at mine  
own house ,i had such a fine wife as    
,hero4  ,venus forsook heaven for       
,adonis' sake1--#edhc;caelo praefertur  
,adonis4 ,old ,janivere1 in ,chaucer1   
thought when he had his fair ,may he    
should never go to heaven1 he should    
live so merrily here on earth2 had ,i   
such a mistress1 he protests1           
#edhd;,caelum diis ego non suum         
inviderem1 ,sed sortem mihi dii meam    
inviderent4  ,i would not envy their    
prosperity1 ,the gods should envy my    
felicity4  ,another as earnestly desires

 to behold his sweetheart he will       
adventure and leave all this1 and more  
than this to see her alone4 #edhe,omnia 
quae patior mala si pensare velit fors1 
,una aliqua nobis prosperitate1 dii ,hoc
 precor1 ut faciant1 faciant me cernere 
coram1 ,cor mihi captivum quae tenet    
hocce1 deam4  ,if all my mischiefs were 
recompensed ,and ,god would give we what
 ,i requested1 ,i would my mistress'    
presence only seek1 ,which doth mine    
heart in prison captive keep4  ,but who 
can reckon upon the dotage1 madness1    
servitude and blindness1 the foolish    
phantasms and vanities of lovers1 their 
torments1 wishes1 idle attempts8 ,yet   
for all this1 amongst so many irksome1  
absurd1 troublesome symptoms1           
inconveniences1 fantastical fits and    
passions which are usually incident to  
such persons1 there be some good and    
graceful qualities in lovers1 which this
 affection causeth4 ,as it makes wise   
men fools1 so many times it makes fools 
become wise2 #edhf;it makes base fellows

 become generous1 cowards courageous1 as
 ,cardan notes out of ,plutarch2        
covetous1 liberal and magnificent2      
clowns1 civil2 cruel1 gentle2 wicked1   
profane persons1 to become religious2   
slovens1 neat2 churls1 merciful2 and    
dumb dogs1 eloquent2 your lazy drones1  
quick and nimble4 ,feras mentes domat   
cupido1 that fierce1 cruel and rude     
,cyclops ,polyphemus sighed1 and shed   
many a salt tear for ,galatea's sake4   
,no passion causeth greater alterations1
 or more vehement of joy or discontent4 
,plutarch4 ,sympos4 lib4 #e4 quaest4 #a1
 #edhg saith1 that the soul of a man in 
love is full of perfumes and sweet      
odours1 and all manner of pleasing tones
 and tunes1 insomuch that it is hard to 
say 7as he adds7 whether love do mortal 
men more harm than good4 ,it adds       
spirits and makes them1 otherwise soft  
and silly1 generous and courageous1     
#edhh;,audacem faciebat amor4 ,ariadne's
 love made ,theseus so adventurous1 and 
,medea's beauty ,jason so victorious2   

expectorat amor timorem4 #edhi,plato is 
of opinion that the love of ,venus made 
,mars so valorous4 ,a young man will be 
much abashed to commit any foul offence 
that shall come to the hearing or sight 
of his mistress4 ,as #edij;he that      
desired of his enemy now dying1 to lay  
him with his face upward1 ne amasius    
videret eum a tergo vulneratum1 lest his
 sweetheart should say he was a coward4 
,and if it were #ediapossible to have an
 army consist of lovers1 such as love1  
or are beloved1 they would be           
extraordinary valiant and wise in their 
government1 modesty would detain them   
from doing amiss1 emulation incite them 
to do that which is good and honest1 and
 a few of them would overcome a great   
company of others4 ,there is no man so  
pusillanimous1 so very a dastard1 whom  
love would not incense1 make of a divine
 temper1 and an heroical spirit4 ,as he 
said in like case1 #edib ,tota ruat     
caeli moles1 non terreor1 c4 ,nothing   
can terrify1 nothing can dismay them4   

,but as ,sir ,blandimor and ,paridel1   
those two brave fairy knights1 fought   
for the love of fair ,florimel in       
presence-- #edic;,and drawing both their
 swords with rage anew1 ,like two mad   
mastives each other slew1 ,and shields  
did share1 and males did rash1 and helms
 did hew2 ,so furiously each other did  
assail1 ,as if their souls at once they 
would have rent1 ,out of their breasts1 
that streams of blood did trail ,adown  
as if their springs of life were spent1 
,that all the ground with purple blood  
was sprent1 ,and all their armour       
stain'd with bloody gore1 ,yet scarcely 
once to breath would they relent4 ,so   
mortal was their malice and so sore1    
,that both resolved 7than yield7 to die 
before4  ,every base swain in love will 
dare to do as much for his dear         
mistress' sake4 ,he will fight and      
fetch1 #edid;,argivum ,clypeum1 that    
famous buckler of ,argos1 to do her     
service1 adventure at all1 undertake any
 enterprise4 ,and as ,serranus the      

,spaniard1 then ,governor of ,sluys1    
made answer to ,marquess ,spinola1 if   
the enemy brought #ej1jjj devils against
 him he would keep it4 ,the nine        
worthies1 ,oliver and ,rowland1 and     
forty dozen of peers are all in him1 he 
is all mettle1 armour of proof1 more    
than a man1 and in this case improved   
beyond himself4 ,for as #edie;,agatho   
contends1 a true lover is wise1 just1   
temperate1 and valiant4 #edif;,i doubt  
not1 therefore1 but if a man had such an
 army of lovers 7as ,castilio supposeth7
 he might soon conquer all the world1   
except by chance he met with such       
another army of inamoratos to oppose it4
 #edig;,for so perhaps they might fight 
as that fatal dog and fatal hare in the 
heavens1 course one another round1 and  
never make an end4 ,castilio thinks     
,ferdinand ,king of ,spain would never  
have conquered ,granada1 had not ,queen 
,isabel and her ladies been present at  
the siege3 #edih;,it cannot be expressed
 what courage the ,spanish knights took1

 when the ladies were present1 a few    
,spaniards overcame a multitude of      
,moors4 ,they will undergo any danger   
whatsoever1 as ,sir ,walter ,manny in   
,edward the ,third's time1 stuck full of
 ladies' favours1 fought like a dragon4 
,for soli amantes1 as #edii,plato holds1
 pro amicis mori appetunt1 only lovers  
will die for their friends1 and in their
 mistress' quarrel4 ,and for that cause 
he would have women follow the camp1 to 
be spectators and encouragers of noble  
actions3 upon such an occasion1 the     
#eejj,squire of ,dames himself1 ,sir    
,lancelot or ,sir ,tristram1 ,caesar1 or
 ,alexander1 shall not be more resolute 
or go beyond them4 ,not courage only    
doth love add1 but as ,i said1 subtlety1
 wit1 and many pretty devices1          
#eeja,namque dolos inspirat amor1       
fraudesque ministrat1 #eejb;,jupiter in 
love with ,leda1 and not knowing how to 
compass his desire1 turned himself into 
a swan1 and got ,venus to pursue him in 
the likeness of an eagle2 which she     

doing1 for shelter1 he fled to ,leda's  
lap1 et in ejus gremio se collocavit1   
,leda embraced him1 and so fell fast    
asleep1 sed dormientem ,jupiter         
compressit1 by which means ,jupiter had 
his will4 ,infinite such tricks love can
 devise1 such fine feats in abundance1  
with wisdom and wariness1 #eejcquis     
fallere possit amantem4 ,all manner of  
civility1 decency1 compliment and good  
behaviour1 plus solis et leporis1 polite
 graces and merry conceits4 ,boccaccio  
hath a pleasant tale to this purpose1   
which he borrowed from the ,greeks1 and 
which ,beroaldus hath turned into       
,latin1 ,bebelius in verse1 of ,cymon   
and ,iphigenia4 ,this ,cymon was a fool1
 a proper man of person1 and the        
governor of ,cyprus' son4 but a very    
ass1 insomuch that his father being     
ashamed of him1 sent him to a farmhouse 
he had in the country1 to be brought up4
 ,where by chance1 as his manner was1   
walking alone1 he espied a gallant young
 gentlewoman1 named ,iphigenia1 a       

burgomaster's daughter of ,cyprus1 with 
her maid1 by a brook side in a little   
thicket1 fast asleep in her smock1 where
 she had newly bathed herself3 ,when    
#eejd;,cymon saw her1 he stood leaning  
on his staff1 gaping on her immovable1  
and in amaze2 at last he fell so far in 
love with the glorious object1 that he  
began to rouse himself up1 to bethink   
what he was1 would needs follow her to  
the city1 and for her sake began to be  
civil1 to learn to sing and dance1 to   
play on instruments1 and got all those  
gentlemanlike qualities and compliments 
in a short space1 which his friends were
 most glad of4 ,in brief1 he became1    
from an idiot and a clown1 to be one of 
the most complete gentlemen in ,cyprus1 
did many valorous exploits1 and all for 
the love of mistress ,iphigenia4 ,in a  
word1 ,i may say thus much of them all1 
let them be never so clownish1 rude and 
horrid1 ,grobians and sluts1 if once    
they be in love they will be most neat  
and spruce2 for1 #eeje,omnibus rebus1 et

 nitidis nitoribus antevenit amor1 they 
will follow the fashion1 begin to trick 
up1 and to have a good opinion of       
themselves1 venustatem enim mater       
,venus2 a ship is not so long a rigging 
as a young gentlewoman a trimming up    
herself against her sweetheart comes4 ,a
 painter's shop1 a flowery meadow1 no so
 gracious aspect in nature's storehouse 
as a young maid1 nubilis puella1 a      
,novitsa or ,venetian bride1 that looks 
for a husband1 or a young man that is   
her suitor2 composed looks1 composed    
gait1 clothes1 gestures1 actions1 all   
composed2 all the graces1 elegances in  
the world are in her face4 ,their best  
robes1 ribands1 chains1 jewels1 lawns1  
linens1 laces1 spangles1 must come on1  
#eejfpraeter quam res patitur student   
elegantiae1 they are beyond all measure 
coy1 nice1 and too curious on a sudden2 
'tis all their study1 all their         
business1 how to wear their clothes     
neat1 to be polite and terse1 and to set
 out themselves4 ,no sooner doth a young

 man see his sweetheart coming1 but he  
smugs up himself1 pulls up his cloak now
 fallen about his shoulders1 ties his   
garters1 points1 sets his band1 cuffs1  
slicks his hair1 twires his beard1 c4   
,when ,mercury was to come before his   
mistress1 #eejg------;,chlamydemque ut  
pendeat apte ,collocat1 ut limbus       
totumque appareat aurum4  ,he put his   
cloak in order1 that the lace4 ,and hem1
 and gold-work1 all might have his      
grace4  ,salmacis would not be seen of  
,hermaphroditus1 till she had spruced up
 herself first1 #eejh,nec tamen ante    
adiit1 etsi properabat adire1 ,quam se  
composuit1 quam circumspexit amictus1   
,et finxit vultum1 et meruit formosa    
videri4  ,nor did she come1 although    
'twas her desire1 ,till she compos'd    
herself1 and trimm'd her tire1 ,and set 
her looks to make him to admire4  ,venus
 had so ordered the matter1 that when   
her son #eeji;,aeneas was to appear     
before ,queen ,dido1 he was 7,os        
humerosque deo similis 7namque ipsa     

decoram ,caesariem nato genetrix1       
lumenque juventae ,purpureum et laetos  
oculis afflarat honores47  like a god1  
for she was the tire-woman herself1 to  
set him out with all natural and        
artificial impostures4 ,as mother       
,mammea did her son ,heliogabalus1 new  
chosen emperor1 when he was to be seen  
of the people first4 ,when the hirsute  
cyclopical ,polyphemus courted ,galatea2
 #eeaj;,jamque tibi formae1 jamque est  
tibi cura placendi1 ,jam rigidos pectis 
rastris ,polypheme capillos1 ,jam libet 
hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam1 ,et
 spectare feros in aqua et componere    
vultus4  ,and then he did begin to prank
 himself1 ,to plait and comb his head1  
and beard to shave1 ,and look his face  
i' th' water as a glass1 ,and to compose
 himself for to be brave4  ,he was upon 
a sudden now spruce and keen1 as a new  
ground hatchet4 ,he now began to have a 
good opinion of his own features and    
good parts1 now to be a gallant4 ,jam   
,galatea veni1 nec munera despice       

nostra1 ,certe ego me novi1 liquidaque  
in imagine vidi ,nuper aquae1 placuitque
 mihi mea forma videnti4  ,come now1 my 
,galatea1 scorn me not1 ,nor my poor    
presents2 for but yesterday ,i saw      
myself i' th' water1 and methought ,full
 fair ,i was1 then scorn me not ,i say4 
#eeaa,non sum adeo informis1 nuper me in
 littore vidi1 ,cum placidum ventis     
staret mare------  ',tis the common     
humour of all suitors to trick up       
themselves1 to be prodigal in apparel1  
pure lotus1 neat1 combed1 and curled1   
with powdered hair1 comptus et          
calimistratus1 with a long love-lock1 a 
flower in his ear1 perfumed gloves1     
rings1 scarves1 feathers1 points1 c4 as 
if he were a prince's ,ganymede1 with   
everyday new suits1 as the fashion      
varies2 going as if he trod upon eggs1  
as ,heinsius writ to ,primierus1        
#eeab;if once he be besotten on a wench1
 he must like awake at nights1 renounce 
his book1 sigh and lament1 now and then 
weep for his hard hap1 and mark above   

all things what hats1 bands1 doublets1  
breeches1 are in fashion1 how to cut his
 beard1 and wear his locks1 to turn up  
his mustachios1 and curl his head1 prune
 his pickedevant1 or if he wear it      
abroad1 that the east side be           
correspondent to the west2 he may be    
scoffed at otherwise1 as ,julian that   
apostate emperor was for wearing a long 
hirsute goatish beard1 fit to make ropes
 with1 as in his ,mysopogone1 or that   
apologetical oration he made at ,antioch
 to excuse himself1 he doth ironically  
confess1 it hindered his kissing1 nam   
non licuit inde pura puris1 eoque       
suavioribus labra labris adjungere1 but 
he did not much esteem it1 as it seems  
by the sequel1 de accipiendis dandisve  
osculis non laboro1 yet 7to follow mine 
author7 it may much concern a young     
lover1 he must be more respectful in    
this behalf1 he must be in league with  
an excellent tailor1 barber1            
#eeac,tonsorem pucrum sed arte talem1   
,qualis nec ,thalamis fuit ,neronis2    

have neat shoe-ties1 points1 garters1   
speak in print1 walk in print1 eat and  
drink in print1 and that which is all in
 all1 he must be mad in print4 ,amongst 
other good qualities an amorous fellow  
is endowed with1 he must learn to sing  
and dance1 play upon some instrument or 
other1 as without all doubt he will1 if 
he be truly touched with this loadstone 
of love4 ,for as #eead;,erasmus hath it1
 ,musicam docet amor et ,poesia1 love   
will make them musicians1 and to compose
 ditties1 madrigals1 elegies1 love      
sonnets1 and sing them to several pretty
 tunes1 to get all good qualities may be
 had4 #eeae;,jupiter perceived ,mercury 
to be in love with ,philologia1 because 
he learned languages1 polite speech1    
7for ,suadela herself was ,venus'       
daughter1 as some write7 arts and       
sciences1 quo virgini placeret1 all to  
ingratiate himself1 and please his      
mistress4 ',tis their chiefest study to 
sing1 dance2 and without question1 so   
many gentlemen and gentlewomen would not

 be so well qualified in this kind1 if  
love did not incite them4 #eeaf,who1    
saith ,castilio1 would learn to play1 or
 give his mind to music1 learn to dance1
 or make so many rhymes1 love-songs1 as 
most do1 but for women's sake1 because  
they hope by that means to purchase     
their good wills1 and win their favour8 
,we see this daily verified in our young
 women and wives1 they that being maids 
took so much pains to sing1 play1 and   
dance1 with such cost and charge to     
their parents1 to get those graceful    
qualities1 now being married will scarce
 touch an instrument1 they care not for 
it4 ,constantine agricult4 lib4 #aa4    
cap4 #ah1 makes ,cupid himself to be a  
great dancer2 by the same token as he   
was capering amongst the gods1 #eeag;he 
flung down a bowl of nectar1 which      
distilling upon the white rose1 ever    
since made it red3 and ,calistratus1 by 
the help of ,dedalus1 about ,cupid's    
statue #eeahmade a many of young wenches
 still a dancing1 to signify belike that

 ,cupid was much affected with it1 as   
without all doubt he was4 ,for at his   
and ,psyche's wedding1 the gods being   
present to grace the feast1 ,ganymede   
filled nectar in abundance 7as          
#eeai;,apuleius describes it71 ,vulcan  
was the cook1 the ,hours made all fine  
with roses and flowers1 ,apollo played  
on the harp1 the ,muses sang to it1 sed 
suavi ,musicae super ingressa ,venus    
saltavit1 but his mother ,venus danced  
to his and their sweet content4 ,witty  
#eebj,lucian in that pathetical love    
passage1 or pleasant description of     
,jupiter's stealing of ,europa1 and     
swimming from ,phoenicia to ,crete1     
makes the sea calm1 the winds hush1     
,neptune and ,amphitrite riding in their
 chariot to break the waves before them1
 the tritons dancing round about1 with  
every one a torch1 the sea-nymphs half  
naked1 keeping time on dolphins' backs1 
and singing ,hymeneus1 ,cupid nimbly    
tripping on the top of the waters1 and  
,venus herself coming after in a shell1 

strewing roses and flowers on their     
heads4 ,praxiteles1 in all his pictures 
of love1 feigns ,cupid ever smiling1 and
 looking upon dancers2 and in ,st4      
,mark's in ,rome 7whose work ,i know    
not71 one of the most delicious pieces1 
is a many of #eebasatyrs dancing about a
 wench asleep4 ,so that dancing still is
 as it were a necessary appendix to love
 matters4 ,young lasses are never better
 pleased than when as upon a holiday1   
after evensong1 they may meet their     
sweethearts1 and dance about a maypole1 
or in a town-green under a shady elm4   
,nothing so familiar in4 #eebb;,france1 
as for citizens' wives and maids to     
dance a round in the streets1 and often 
too1 for want of better instruments1 to 
make good music of their own voices1 and
 dance after it4 ,yea many times this   
love will make old men and women that   
have more toes than teeth1              
dance1--,john1 come kiss me now1 mask   
and mum2 for ,comus and ,hymen love     
masks1 and all such merriments above    

measure1 will allow men to put on       
women's apparel in some cases1 and      
promiscuously to dance1 young and old1  
rich and poor1 generous and base1 of all
 sorts4 ,paulus ,jovius taxeth          
,augustine ,niphus the philosopher1     
#eebc;for that being an old man1 and a  
public professor1 a father of many      
children1 he was so mad for the love of 
a young maid 7that which many of his    
friends were ashamed to see71 an old    
gouty fellow1 yet would dance after     
fiddlers4 ,many laughed him to scorn for
 it1 but this omnipotent love would have
 it so4 #eebd;,hyacinthino bacillo      
,properans amor1 me adegit ,violenter ad
 sequendum4  ,love hasty with his purple
 staff did make ,me follow and the dance
 to undertake4  ,and 'tis no news this1 
no indecorum2 for why8 a good reason may
 be given of it4 ,cupid and death met   
both in an inn2 and being merrily       
disposed1 they did exchange some arrows 
from either quiver2 ever since young men
 die1 and oftentimes old men            

dote--#eebe,sic moritur ,juvenis1 sic   
moribundus amat4 ,and who can then      
withstand it8 ,if once we be in love1   
young or old1 though our teeth shake in 
our heads1 like virginal jacks1 or stand
 parallel asunder like the arches of a  
bridge1 there is no remedy1 we must     
dance trenchmore for a need1 over       
tables1 chairs1 and stools1 c4 ,and     
princum prancum is a fine dance4        
,plutarch1 ,sympos4 #a4 quaest4 #e4 doth
 in some sort excuse it1 and telleth us 
moreover in what sense1 ,musicam docet  
amor1 licet prius fuerit rudis1 how love
 makes them that had no skill before    
learn to sing and dance2 he concludes1  
'tis only that power and prerogative    
love hath over us4 #eebf,love 7as he    
holds7 will make a silent man speak1 a  
modest man most officious2 dull1 quick2 
slow1 nimble2 and that which is most to 
be admired1 a hard1 base1 untractable   
churl1 as fire doth iron in a smith's   
forge1 free1 facile1 gentle1 and easy to
 be entreated4 ,nay1 'twill make him    

prodigal in the other extreme1 and give 
a #eebg;hundred sesterces for a night's 
lodging1 as they did of old to ,lais of 
,corinth1 or #eebh ducenta drachmarum   
millia pro unica nocte1 as ,mundus to   
,paulina1 spend all his fortunes 7as too
 many do in like case7 to obtain his    
suit4 ,for which cause many compare love
 to wine1 which makes men jovial and    
merry1 frolic and sad1 whine1 sing1     
dance1 and what not4 ,but above all the 
other symptoms of lovers1 this is not   
lightly to be overpassed1 that likely of
 what condition soever1 if once they be 
in love1 they turn to their ability1    
rhymers1 ballad makers1 and poets4 ,for 
as ,plutarch saith1 #eebi,they will be  
witnesses and trumpeters of their       
paramours' good parts1 bedecking them   
with verses and commendatory songs1 as  
we do statues with gold1 that they may  
be remembered and admired of all4       
,ancient men will dote in this kind     
sometimes as well as the rest2 the heat 
of love will thaw their frozen          

affections1 dissolve the ice of age1 and
 so far enable them1 though they be     
sixty years of age above the girdle1 to 
be scarce thirty beneath4 ,jovianus     
,pontanus makes an old fool rhyme1 and  
turn poetaster to please his mistress4  
#eecj,ne ringas ,mariana1 meos me       
dispice canos1 ,de sene nam juvenem dia 
referre potes1 c4  ,sweet ,marian do not
 mine age disdain1 ,for thou canst make 
an old man young again4  ,they will be  
still singing amorous songs and ditties 
7if young especially71 and cannot       
abstain though it be when they go to1 or
 should be at church4 ,we have a pretty 
story to this purpose in                
#eeca,westmonasteriensis1 an old writer 
of ours 7if you will believe it7 ,an4   
,dom4 #ajab4 at ,colewiz in ,saxony1 on 
,christmas eve a company of young men   
and maids1 whilst the priest was at mass
 in the church1 were singing catches and
 love songs in the churchyard1 he sent  
to them to make less noise1 but they    
sung on still3 and if you will1 you     

shall have the very song itself4        
,equitabat homo per sylvam frondosam1   
,ducebatque secum ,meswinden formosam4  
,quid stamus1 cur non imus8   ,a fellow 
rid by the greenwood side1 ,and fair    
,meswinde was his bride1  ,why stand we 
so1 and do not go8  ,this they sung1 he 
chaft1 till at length1 impatient as he  
was1 he prayed to ,st4 ,magnus1 patron  
of the church1 they might all three sing
 and dance till that time twelvemonth1  
and so #eecbthey did without meat and   
drink1 wearisomeness or giving over1    
till at year's end they ceased singing1 
and were absolved by ,herebertus        
archbishop of ,cologne4 ,they will in   
all places be doing thus1 young folks   
especially1 reading love stories1       
talking of this or that young man1 such 
a fair maid1 singing1 telling or hearing
 lascivious tales1 scurrilous tunes1    
such objects are their sole delight1    
their continual meditation1 and as      
,guastavinius adds1 ,com4 in #d4 ,sect4 
#bg4 ,prov4 ,arist4 ob seminis          

abundantiam crebrae cogitationes1       
veneris frequens recordatio et pruriens 
voluptas1 c4 an earnest longing comes   
hence1 pruriens corpus1 pruriens anima1 
amorous conceits1 tickling thoughts1    
sweet and pleasant hopes2 hence it is1  
they can think1 discourse willingly1 or 
speak almost of no other subject4 ',tis 
their only desire1 if it may be done by 
art1 to see their husband's picture in a
 glass1 they'll give anything to know   
when they shall be married1 how many    
husbands they shall have1 by            
cromnyomantia1 a kind of divination with
 #eecconions laid on the altar on       
,christmas eve1 or by fasting on ,st4   
,anne's eve or night1 to know who shall 
be their first husband1 or by           
amphitormantia1 by beans in a cake1 c41 
to burn the same4 ,this love is the     
cause of all good conceits1 #eecd       
neatness1 exornations1 plays1           
elegancies1 delights1 pleasant          
expressions1 sweet motions1 and         
gestures1 joys1 comforts1 exultancies1  

and all the sweetness of our life1      
#eecequalis jam vita foret1 aut quid    
jucundi sine aurea ,venere8             
#eecf;,emoriar cum ista non amplius mihi
 cura fuerit1 let me live no longer than
 ,i may love1 saith a mad merry fellow  
in ,mimnermus4 ,this love is that salt  
that seasoneth our harsh and dull       
labours1 and gives a pleasant relish to 
our other unsavoury proceedings1        
#eecg;,absit amor1 surgunt tenebrae1    
torpedo1 veternum1 pestis1 c4 ,all our  
feasts almost1 masques1 mummings1       
banquets1 merry meetings1 weddings1     
pleasing songs1 fine tunes1 poems1 love 
stories1 plays1 comedies1 ,atellans1    
jigs1 ,fescennines1 elegies1 odes1 c4   
proceed hence4 #eech;,danaus1 the son of
 ,belus1 at his daughter's wedding at   
,argos1 instituted the first plays 7some
 say7 that ever were heard of symbols1  
emblems1 impresses1 devices1 if we shall
 believe ,jovius1 ,coutiles1 ,paradine1 
,camillus de ,camillis1 may be ascribed 
to it4 ,most of our arts and sciences1  

painting amongst the rest1 was first    
invented1 saith #eeci,patritius ex      
amoris beneficio1 for love's sake4 ,for 
when the daughter of #eedj;,deburiades  
the ,sycionian1 was to take leave of her
 sweetheart now going to wars1 ut       
desiderio ejus minus tabesceret1 to     
comfort herself in his absence1 she took
 his picture with coal upon a wall1 as  
the candle gave the shadow1 which her   
father admiring1 perfected afterwards1  
and it was the first picture by report  
that ever was made4 ,and long after1    
,sycion for painting1 carving1 statuary1
 music1 and philosophy1 was preferred   
before all the cities in ,greece4       
#eeda;,apollo was the first inventor of 
physic1 divination1 oracles2 ,minerva   
found out weaving1 ,vulcan curious      
ironwork1 ,mercury letters1 but who     
prompted all this into their heads8     
,love1 ,nunquam talia invenissent1 nisi 
talia adamassent1 they loved such       
things1 or some party1 for whose sake   
they were undertaken at first4 ',tis    

true1 ,vulcan made a most admirable     
brooch or necklace1 which long after    
,axion and ,temenus1 ,phegius' sons1 for
 the singular worth of it1 consecrated  
to ,apollo at ,delphos1 but ,pharyllus  
the tyrant stole it away1 and presented 
it to ,ariston's wife1 on whom he       
miserably doted 7,parthenius tells the  
story out of ,phylarchus72 but why did  
,vulcan make this excellent ,ouch8 to   
give ,hermione ,cadmus' wife1 whom he   
dearly loved4 ,all our tilts and        
tournaments1 orders of the garter1      
golden fleece1 c4--,nobilitas sub amore 
jacet--owe their beginnings to love1 and
 many of our histories4 ,by this means1 
saith ,jovius1 they would express their 
loving minds to their mistress1 and to  
the beholders4 ',tis the sole subject   
almost of poetry1 all our invention     
tends to it1 all our songs1 whatever    
those old ,anacreons3 7and therefore    
,hesiod makes the ,muses and ,graces    
still follow ,cupid1 and as ,plutarch   
holds1 ,menander and the rest of the    

poets were love's priests17 all our     
,greek and ,latin epigrammatists1 love  
writers4 ,antony ,diogenes the most     
ancient1 whose epitome we find in       
,phocius ,bibliotheca1 ,longus          
,sophista1 ,eustathius1 ,achilles1      
,tatius1 ,aristaenetus1 ,heliodorus1    
,plato1 ,plutarch1 ,lucian1 ,parthenius1
 ,theodorus1 ,prodromus1 ,ovid1         
,catullus1 ,tibullus1 c4 ,our new       
,ariostoes1 ,boyards1 ,authors of       
,arcadia1 ,urania1 ,faerie ,queen1 c4   
,marullus1 ,leotichius1 ,angerianus1    
,stroza1 ,secundus1 ,capellanus1 c4 with
 the rest of those facete modern poets1 
have written in this kind1 are but as so
 many symptoms of love4 ,their whole    
books are a synopsis or breviary of     
love1 the portuous of love1 legends of  
lovers' lives and deaths1 and of their  
memorable adventures1 nay more1 quod    
leguntur1 quod laudantur amori debent1  
as #eedb,nevisanus the lawyer holds1    
there never was any excellent poet that 
invented good fables1 or made laudable  

verses1 which was not in love himself2  
had he not taken a quill from ,cupid's  
wings1 he could never have written so   
amorously as he did4  #eedc;,cynthia te 
vatem fecit lascive ,properti1 ,ingenium
 ,galli pulchra ,lycoris habet4  ,fama  
est arguti ,nemesis formosa ,tibulli1   
,lesbia dictavit docte ,catulle tibi4   
,non me ,pelignus1 nec spernet ,mantua  
vatem1 ,si qua ,corinna mihi1 si quis   
,alexis erit4   ,wanton ,propertius and 
witty ,callus1 ,subtile ,tibullus1 and  
learned ,catullus1 ,it was ,cynthia1    
,lesbia1 ,lychoris1 ,that made you poets
 all2 and if ,alexis1 ,or ,corinna      
chance my paramour to be1 ,virgil and   
,ovid shall not despise me4  #eedd,non  
me carminibus vincet nec ,thraceus      
,orpheus1 ,nec ,linus4  ,petrarch's     
,laura made him so famous1 ,astrophel's 
,stella1 and ,jovianus ,pontanus'       
mistress was the cause of his roses1    
violets1 lilies1 nequitiae1 blanditiae1 
joci1 decor1 nardus1 ver1 corolla1 thus1
 ,mars1 ,pallas1 ,venus1 ,charis1       

crocum1 ,laurus1 unguentem1 costum1     
lachrymae1 myrrha1 musae1 c4 and the    
rest of his poems2 why are ,italians at 
this day generally so good poets and    
painters8 ,because every man of any     
fashion amongst them hath his mistress4 
,the very rustics and hog-rubbers1      
,menalcas and ,corydon1 qui faetant de  
stercore equino1 those fulsome knaves1  
if once they taste of this love-liquor1 
are inspired in an instant4 ,instead of 
those accurate emblems1 curious         
impresses1 gaudy masques1 tilts1        
tournaments1 c41 they have their wakes1 
,whitsun-ales1 shepherd's feasts1       
meetings on holidays1 country dances1   
roundelays1 writing their names on      
#eedetrees1 true lover's knots1 pretty  
gifts4 ,with tokens1 hearts divided1 and
 half rings1 ,shepherds in their loves  
are as coy as kings4  ,choosing lords1  
ladies1 kings1 queens1 and valentines1  
c41 they go by couples1 ,corydon's      
,phillis1 ,nysa and ,mopsus1 ,with      
dainty ,dousibel and ,sir ,tophus4      

,instead of odes1 epigrams and elegies1 
c41 they have their ballads1 country    
tunes1 ,o the broom1 the bonny1 bonny   
broom1 ditties and songs1 ,bess a belle1
 she doth excel1--they must write       
likewise and indite all in rhyme4       
#eedf,thou honeysuckle of the hawthorn  
hedge1 ,vouchsafe in ,cupid's cup my    
heart to pledge2 ,my heart's dear blood1
 sweet ,cis is thy carouse ,worth all   
the ale in ,gammer ,gubbin's house4 ,i  
say no more1 affairs call me away1 ,my  
father's horse for provender doth stay4 
,be thou the ,lady ,cressetlight to me4 
,sir ,trolly ,lolly will ,i prove to    
thee4 ,written in haste1 farewell my    
cowslip sweet1 ,pray let's a ,sunday at 
the alehouse meet4  ,your most grim     
stoics and severe philosophers will melt
 away with this passion1 and if         
#eedg;,atheneus belie them not1         
,aristippus1 ,apollodorus1 ,antiphanes1 
c41 have made love-songs and            
commentaries of their mistress' praises1
 #eedhorators write epistles1 princes   

give titles1 honours1 what not8         
#eedi,xerxes gave to ,themistocles      
,lampsacus to find him wine1 ,magnesia  
for bread1 and ,myunte for the rest of  
his diet4 ,the #eeej,persian kings      
allotted whole cities to like use1 haec 
civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat1   
haec in collum1 haec in crines1 one     
whole city served to dress her hair1    
another her neck1 a third her hood4     
,ahasuerus would #eeea;have given       
,esther half his empire1 and            
#eeeb;,herod bid ,herodias ask what she 
would1 she should have it4 ,caligula    
gave #ajj1jjj sesterces to his courtesan
 at first word1 to buy her pins1 and yet
 when he was solicited by the senate to 
bestow something to repair the decayed  
walls of ,rome for the commonwealth's   
good1 he would give but #fjjj sesterces 
at most4 #eeec;,dionysius1 that         
,sicilian tyrant1 rejected all his privy
 councillors1 and was so besotted on    
,mirrha his favourite and mistress1 that
 he would bestow no office1 or in the   

most weightiest business of the kingdom 
do aught without her especial advice1   
prefer1 depose1 send1 entertain no man1 
though worthy and well deserving1 but by
 her consent2 and he again whom she     
commended1 howsoever unfit1 unworthy1   
was as highly approved4 ,kings and      
emperors1 instead of poems1 build       
cities2 ,adrian built ,antinoa in       
,egypt1 besides constellations1 temples1
 altars1 statues1 images1 c41 in the    
honour of his ,antinous4 ,alexander     
bestowed infinite sums to set out his   
,hephestion to all eternity4            
#eeed,socrates professeth himself love's
 servant1 ignorant in all arts and      
sciences1 a doctor alone in love        
matters1 et quum alienarum rerum omnium 
scientiam diffiteretur1 saith           
#eeee,maximus ,tyrius1 his sectator1    
hujus negotii professor1 c41 and this he
 spake openly1 at home and abroad1 at   
public feasts1 in the academy1 in       
,pyraeo1 ,lycaeo1 sub ,platano1 c41 the 
very bloodhound of beauty1 as he is     

styled by others4 ,but ,i conclude there
 is no end of love's symptoms1 'tis a   
bottomless pit4 ,love is subject to no  
dimensions2 not to be surveyed by any   
art or engine3 and besides1 ,i am of    
#eeef;,haedus' mind1 no man can         
discourse of love matters1 or judge of  
them aright1 that hath not made trial in
 his own person1 or as ,aeneas ,sylvius 
#eeeg;adds1 hath not a little doted1    
been mad or lovesick himself4 ,i confess
 ,i am but a novice1 a contemplator     
only1 ,nescio quid sit amor nec         
amo#eeeh--;,i have a tincture2 for why  
should ,i lie1 dissemble or excuse it1  
yet homo sum1 c41 not altogether        
inexpert in this subject1 non sum       
praeceptor amandi1 and what ,i say1 is  
merely reading1 ex altorum forsan       
ineptiis1 by mine own observation1 and  
others' relation4  ,,memb4 ,,iv4        
,prognostics of ,love-,melancholy4      
,what fires1 torments1 cares1           
jealousies1 suspicions1 fears1 griefs1  
anxieties1 accompany such as are in     

love1 ,i have sufficiently said3 the    
next question is1 what will be the event
 of such miseries1 what they foretell4  
,some are of opinion that this love     
cannot be cured1 ,nullis amor est       
medicabilis herbis1 it accompanies them 
to the #eeeilast1 ,idem amor exitio est 
pecori pecorisque magistro4 ,the same   
passion consume both the sheep and the  
shepherd1 and is so continuate1 that by 
no persuasion almost it may be relieved4
 #eefj;,bid me not love1 said ,euryalus1
 bid the mountains come down into the   
plains1 bid the rivers run back to their
 fountains2 ,i can as soon leave to     
love1 as the sun leave his course2      
#eefa;,et prius aequoribus pisces1 et   
montibus umbrae1 ,et volucres deerunt   
sylvis1 et murmura ventis1 ,quam mihi   
discedent formosae ,amaryllidis ignes4  
,first seas shall want their fish1 the  
mountains shade ,woods singing birds1   
the wind's murmur shall fade1 ,than my  
fair ,amaryllis' love allay'd4  ,bid me 
not love1 bid a deaf man hear1 a blind  

man see1 a dumb speak1 lame run1 counsel
 can do no good1 a sick man cannot      
relish1 no physic can ease me4 ,non     
prosunt domino quae prosunt omnibus     
artes4 ,as ,apollo confessed1 and       
,jupiter himself could not be cured4    
#eefb,omnes humanos curat medicina      
dolores1 ,solus amor morbi non habet    
artificem4  ,physic can soon cure every 
disease1 #eefc;,excepting love that can 
it not appease4  ,but whether love may  
be cured or no1 and by what means1 shall
 be explained in his place2 in the      
meantime1 if it take his course1 and be 
not otherwise eased or amended1 it      
breaks out into outrageous often and    
prodigious events4 ,amor et ,liber      
violenti dii sunt7 as #eefd,tatius      
observes1 et eousque animum incendunt1  
ut pudoris oblivisci cogant1 love and   
,bacchus are so violent gods1 so        
furiously rage in our minds1 that they  
make us forget all honesty1 shame1 and  
common civility4 ,for such men          
ordinarily1 as are thoroughly possessed 

with this humour1 become insensati et   
insani1 for it is #eefe;amor insanus1 as
 the poet calls it1 beside themselves1  
and as ,i have proved1 no better than   
beasts1 irrational1 stupid1 headstrong1 
void of fear of ,god or men1 they       
frequently forswear themselves1 spend1  
steal1 commit incests1 rapes1           
adulteries1 murders1 depopulate towns1  
cities1 countries1 to satisfy their     
lust4 #eeff;,a devil 'tis1 and mischief 
such doth work1 ,as never yet did       
,pagan1 ,jew1 or ,turk4  ,the wars of   
,troy may be a sufficient witness2 and  
as ,appian1 lib4 #e4 hist1 saith of     
,antony and ,cleopatra1 #eefg,their love
 brought themselves and all ,egypt into 
extreme and miserable calamities1 the   
end of her is as bitter as wormwood1 and
 as sharp as a two-edged sword1 ,prov4  
v4 #d1 #e4 ,her feet go down to death1  
her steps lead on to hell4 ,she is more 
bitter than death1 7,eccles4 vii4 #bh47 
and the sinner shall be taken by her4   
#eefh,qui in amore praecipitavit1 pejus 

perit1 quam qui saxo salit4 #eefi;,he   
that runs headlong from the top of a    
rock is not in so bad a case as he that 
falls into this gulf of love4 ,for      
hence1 saith #eegj ,platina1 comes      
repentance1 dotage1 they lose           
themselves1 their wits1 and make        
shipwreck of their fortunes altogether3 
madness1 to make away themselves and    
others1 violent death4 ,prognosticatio  
est talis1 saith ,gordonius1 #eegasi non
 succurratur iis1 aut in maniam cadunt1 
aut moriuntur2 the prognostication is1  
they will either run mad1 or die4 ,for  
if this passion continue1 saith         
#eegb;,aelian ,montaltus1 it makes the  
blood hot1 thick1 and black2 and if the 
inflammation get into the brain1 with   
continual meditation and waking1 it so  
dries it up1 that madness follows1 or   
else they make away themselves1 #eegc,o 
,corydon1 ,corydon1 quae te dementia    
cepit8 ,now1 as ,arnoldus adds1 it will 
speedily work these effects1 if it be   
not presently helped2 #eegd,they will   

pine away1 run mad1 and die upon a      
sudden2 ,facile incidunt in maniam1     
saith ,valescus1 quickly mad1 nisi      
succurratur1 if good order be not taken1
 #eege;,ehou triste jugum quisquis      
amoris habet1 ,is prius se norit se     
periisse perit4  ,oh heavy yoke of love1
 which whoso bears1 ,is quite undone1   
and that at unawares4  ,so she confessed
 of herself in the poet1                
#eegf------;insaniam priusquam quis     
sentiat1 ,vix pili intervallo a furore  
absum4  ,i shall be mad before it be    
perceived1 ,a hair-breadth off scarce am
 ,i1 now distracted4  ,as mad as        
,orlando for his ,angelica1 or ,hercules
 for his ,hylas1 ,at ille ruebat quo    
pedes ducebant1 furibundus1 ,nam illi   
saevus ,deus jntus jecur laniabat4  ,he 
went he car'd not whither1 mad he was1  
,the cruel ,god so tortured him1 alas6  
,at the sight of ,hero ,i cannot tell   
how many ran mad1 #eegg;,alius vulnus   
celans insanit pulchritudine puellae4   
,and whilst he doth conceal his grief1  

,madness comes on him like a thief4  ,go
 to ,bedlam for examples4 ,it is so well
 known in every village1 how many have  
either died for love1 or voluntary made 
away themselves1 that ,i need not much  
labour to prove it3 #eegh,nec modus aut 
requies nisi mors reperitur amoris3     
death is the common catastrophe to such 
persons4 #eegi,mori mihi contingat1 non 
enim alia ,liberatio ab aeramnis fuerit 
ullo paeto istis4  ,would ,i were dead1 
for nought1 ,god knows1 ,but death can  
rid me of these woes4  ,as soon as      
,euryalus departed from ,senes1         
,lucretia1 his paramour1 never looked   
up1 no jests could exhilarate her sad   
mind1 no joys comfort her wounded and   
distressed soul1 but a little after she 
fell sick and died4 ,but this is a      
gentle end1 a natural death1 such       
persons commonly make away themselves4  
------proprioque in sanguine laetus1    
,indignantem animam vacuas elludit in   
auras2  so did ,dido2 ,sed moriamur ait1
 sic sic juvat ire per umbras2 #eehj    

,pyramus and ,thisbe1 ,medea1           
#eeha;,coresus and ,callirhoe1          
#eehb,theagines the philosopher1 and    
many myriads besides1 and so will ever  
do1 #eehc------;et mihi fortis ,est     
manus1 est et amor1 dabit hic in vulnera
 vires4  ,whoever heard a story of more 
woe1 ,than that of ,juliet and her      
,romeo8  ,read ,parthenium in ,eroticis1
 and ,plutarch's amatorias narrationes1 
or love stories1 all tending almost to  
this purpose4 ,valleriola1 lib4 #b4     
observ4 #g1 hath a lamentable narration 
of a merchant1 his patient1 #eehd that  
raving through impatience of love1 had  
he not been watched1 would every while  
have offered violence to himself4       
,amatus ,lusitanus1 cent4 #c4 car4 #ef1 
hath such #eehe;another story1 and      
,felix ,plater1 med4 observ4 lib4 #a4 a 
third of a young #eehf;gentleman that   
studied physic1 and for the love of a   
doctor's daughter1 having no hope to    
compass his desire1 poisoned himself1   
#eehg;anno #afae4 ,a barber in          

,frankfort1 because his wench was       
betrothed to another1 cut his own       
throat4 #eehh;,at ,neoburg1 the same    
year1 a young man1 because he could not 
get her parents' consent1 killed his    
sweetheart1 and afterward himself1      
desiring this of the magistrate1 as he  
gave up the ghost1 that they might be   
buried in one grave1 ,quodque rogis     
superest una requiescat in urna1 which  
#eehi ,gismunda besought of ,tancredus1 
her father1 that she might be in like   
sort buried with ,guiscardus1 her lover1
 that so their bodies might lie together
 in the grave1 as their souls wander    
about #eeij;,campos lugentes in the     
,elysian fields1--quos durus amor       
crudeli tabe peredit1 #eeia;in a myrtle 
grove #eeib------;et myrtea circum      
,sylva tegit3 curae non ipsa in morte   
relinquunt4  ,you have not yet heard the
 worst1 they do not offer violence to   
themselves in this rage of lust1 but    
unto others1 their nearest and dearest  
friends4 #eeic;,catiline killed his only

 son1 misitque ad orci pallida1 lethi   
obnubila1 obsita tenebris loca1 for the 
love of ,aurelia ,oristella1 quod ejus  
nuptias vivo filio recusaret4           
#eeid,laodice1 the sister of            
,mithridates1 poisoned her husband1 to  
give content to a base fellow whom she  
loved4 #eeie;,alexander1 to please      
,thais1 a concubine of his1 set         
,persepolis on fire4 #eeif,nereus' wife1
 a widow1 and lady of ,athens1 for the  
love of a ,venetian gentleman1 betrayed 
the city2 and he for her sake murdered  
his wife1 the daughter of a nobleman in 
,venice4 #eeig;,constantine ,despota    
made away ,catherine1 his wife1 turned  
his son ,michael and his other children 
out of doors1 for the love of a base    
scrivener's daughter in ,thessalonica1  
with whose beauty he was enamoured4     
#eeih,leucophria betrayed the city where
 she dwelt1 for her sweetheart's sake1  
that was in the enemies' camp4          
#eeii,pithidice1 the governor's daughter
 of ,methinia1 for the love of          

,achilles1 betrayed the whole island to 
him1 her father's enemy4                
#efjj;,diognetus did as much in the city
 where he dwelt1 for the love of        
,policrita1 ,medea for the love of      
,jason1 she taught him how to tame the  
fire-breathing brass-feeted bulls1 and  
kill the mighty dragon that kept the    
golden fleece1 and tore her little      
brother ,absyrtus in pieces1 that her   
father4 ,aethes might have something to 
detain him1 while she ran away with her 
beloved ,jason1 c4 ,such acts and scenes
 hath this tragicomedy of love4  ,,memb4
 ,v4  ,,subsect4 #a4--;,cure of         
,love-,melancholy1 by ,labour1 ,diet1   
,physic1 ,fasting1 c4  ,although it be  
controverted by some1 whether           
love-melancholy may be cured1 because it
 is so irresistible and violent a       
passion2 for as you know1               
#efja------;facilis descensus ,averni2  
,sed revocare gradum1 superasque evadere
 ad auras2 ,hic labor1 hoc opus         
est4------  ,it is an easy passage down 

to hell1 ,but to come back1 once there1 
you cannot well4  ,yet without question1
 if it be taken in time1 it may be      
helped1 and by many good remedies       
amended4 ,avicenna1 lib4 #c4 ,fen4 cap4 
#bc4 et #bd4 sets down seven compendious
 ways how this malady may be eased1     
altered1 and expelled4 ,savanarola #i4  
principal observations1 ,jason          
,pratensis prescribes eight rules       
besides physic1 how this passion may be 
tamed1 ,laurentius #b4 main precepts1   
,arnoldus1 ,valleriola1 ,montaltus1     
,hildesheim1 ,langius1 and others inform
 us otherwise1 and yet all tending to1  
the same purpose4 ,the sum of which ,i  
will briefly epitomise1 7for ,i light my
 candle from their torches7 and enlarge 
again upon occasion1 as shall seem best 
to me1 and that after mine own method4  
,the first rule to be observed in this  
stubborn and unbridled passion1 is      
exercise and diet4 ,it is an old and    
well-known1 sentence1 ,sine ,cerere et  
,saccho friget ,venus 7love grows cool  

without bread and wine74 ,as an         
#efjb;idle sedentary life1 liberal      
feeding1 are great causes of it1 so the 
opposite1 labour1 slender and sparing   
diet1 with continual business1 are the  
best and most ordinary means to prevent 
it4 ,otio si tollas1 periere ,cupidinis 
artes1 ,contemptaeque jacent1 et sine   
luce faces4  ,take idleness away1 and   
put to flight ,are ,cupid's arts1 his   
torches give no light4  ,minerva1       
,diana1 ,vesta1 and the nine ,muses were
 not enamoured at all1 because they     
never were idle4 #efjc;,frustra         
blanditae appulistis ad has1 ,frustra   
nequitiae venistis ad has1 ,frustra     
delitiae obsidebitis has1 ,frustra has  
illecebrae1 et procacitates1 ,et        
suspiria1 et oscula1 et susurri1 ,et    
quisquis male sana corda amantum        
,blandis ebria fascinat venenis4  ,in   
vain are all your flatteries1 ,in vain  
are all your knaveries1 ,delights1      
deceits1 procacities1 ,sighs1 kisses1   
and conspiracies1 ,and whate'er is done 

by art1 ,to bewitch a lover's heart4    
',tis in vain to set upon those that are
 busy4 ',tis ,savanarola's third rule1  
,occupari in multis et magnis negotiis1 
and ,avicenna's precept1 cap4 #bd4      
#efjd;,cedit amor rebus2 res1 age tutus 
eris4 ,to be busy still1 and as         
#efje;,guianerius enjoins1 about matters
 of great moment1 if it may be4         
#efjf,magninus adds1 ,never to be idle  
but at the hours of sleep4              
#efjg------;et si ,poscas ante diem     
librum cum lumine1 si non ,intendas     
animum studiis1 et rebus honestis1      
,invidia vel amore miser                
torquebere4------  ,for if thou dost not
 ply thy book1 ,by candlelight to study 
bent1 ,employ'd about some honest thing1
 ,envy or love shall thee torment4  ,no 
better physic than to be always         
occupied1 seriously intent4 #efjh;,cur  
in penates rarius tenues subit1 ,haec   
delicatas eligens pestis domus1         
,mediumque sanos vulgus affectuss tenet8
 c4  ,why dost thou ask1 poor folks are 

often free1 ,and dainty places still    
molested be8  ,because poor people fare 
coarsely1 work hard1 go woolward and    
bare4 #efji ,non habet unde suum        
paupertas pascat amorem4                
#efaj;,guianerius therefore prescribes  
his patient to go with hair-cloth next  
his skin1 to go barefooted1 and         
barelegged in cold weather1 to whip     
himself now and then1 as monks do1 but  
above all to fast4 ,not with sweet wine1
 mutton and pottage1 as many of those   
tender-bellies do1 howsoever they put on
 ,lenten faces1 and whatsoever they     
pretend1 but from all manner of meat4   
,fasting is an all-sufficient remedy of 
itself2 for1 as ,jason ,pratensis holds1
 the bodies of such persons that feed   
liberally1 and live at ease1 #efaa;are  
full of bad spirits and devils1 devilish
 thoughts2 no better physic for such    
parties1 than to fast4 ,hildesheim1     
spicel4 #b4 to this of hunger1 adds1    
#efaboften baths1 much exercise and     
sweat1 but hunger and fasting he        

prescribes before the rest4 ,and 'tis   
indeed our ,saviour's oracle1 ,this kind
 of devil is not cast out but by fasting
 and prayer1 which makes the fathers so 
immoderate in commendation of fasting4  
,as hunger1 saith #efac ,ambrose1 is a  
friend of virginity1 so is it an enemy  
to lasciviousness1 but fullness         
overthrows chastity1 and fostereth all  
manner of provocations4 ,if thine horse 
be too lusty1 ,hierome adviseth thee to 
take away some of his provender2 by this
 means those ,pauls1 ,hilaries1         
,anthonies1 and famous anchorites1      
subdued the lusts of the flesh2 by this 
means ,hilarion made his ass1 as he     
called his own body1 leave kicking1 7so 
#efad;,hierome relates of him in his    
life7 when the devil tempted him to any 
such foul offence4 ,by this means those 
#efae;,indian ,brahmins kept themselves 
continent3 they lay upon the ground     
covered with skins1 as the red-shanks do
 on heather1 and dieted themselves      
sparingly on one dish1 which ,guianerius

 would have all young men put in        
practice1 and if that will not serve1   
#efaf;,gordonius would have them soundly
 whipped1 or1 to cool their courage1    
kept in prison1 and there fed with bread
 and water till they acknowledge their  
error1 and become of another mind4 ,if  
imprisonment and hunger will not take   
them down1 according to the directions  
of that #efag ,theban ,crates1 time must
 wear it out2 if time will not1 the last
 refuge is a halter4 ,but this1 you will
 say1 is comically spoken4 ,howsoever1  
fasting1 by all means1 must be still    
used2 and as they must refrain from such
 meats formerly mentioned1 which cause  
venery1 or provoke lust1 so they must   
use an opposite diet4 #efah,wine must be
 altogether avoided of the younger sort4
 ,so #efai,plato prescribes1 and would  
have the magistrates themselves abstain 
from it1 for example's sake1 highly     
commending the ,carthaginians for their 
temperance in this kind4 ,and 'twas a   
good edict1 a commendable thing1 so that

 it were not done for some sinister     
respect1 as those old ,egyptians        
abstained from wine1 because some       
fabulous poets had given out1 wine      
sprang first from the blood of the      
giants1 or out of superstition1 as our  
modern ,turks1 but for temperance1 it   
being animae virus et vitiorum fomes1 a 
plague itself1 if immoderately taken4   
,women of old for that cause1 #efbj;in  
hot countries1 were forbid the use of   
it2 as severely punished for drinking of
 wine as for adultery2 and young folks1 
as ,leonicus hath recorded1 ,var4 hist4 
l4 #c4 cap4 #hg1 #hh4 out of ,athenaeus 
and others1 and is still practised in   
,italy1 and some other countries of     
,europe and ,asia1 as ,claudius ,minoes 
hath well illustrated in his ,comment on
 the #bc4 ,emblem of ,alciat4 ,so choice
 is to be made of other diet4 ,nec minus
 erucas aptum est vitare salaces1 ,et   
quicquid veneri corpora nostra parat4   
,eringos are not good for to be taken1  
,and all lascivious meats must be       

forsaken4  ,those opposite meats which  
ought to be used are cucumbers1 melons1 
purslane1 water-lilies1 rue1 woodbine1  
ammi1 lettuce1 which ,lemnius so much   
commends1 lib4 #b1 cap4 #db4 and        
,mizaldus hort4 med4 to this purpose2   
vitex1 or agnus castus before the rest1 
which1 saith #efba,magninus1 hath a     
wonderful virtue in it4 ,those ,athenian
 women1 in their solemn feasts called   
,thesmopheries1 were to abstain nine    
days from the company of men1 during    
which time1 saith ,aelian1 they laid a  
certain herb1 named hanea1 in their     
beds1 which assuaged those ardent flames
 of love1 and freed them from the       
torments of that violent passion4 ,see  
more in ,porta1 ,matthiolus1            
,crescentius lib4 #e4 c41 and what every
 herbalist almost and physician hath    
written1 cap4 de ,satyriasi et          
,priapismo2 ,rhasis amongst the rest4   
,in some cases again1 if they be much   
dejected1 and brought low in body1 and  
now ready to despair through anguish1   

grief1 and too sensible a feeling of    
their misery1 a cup of wine and full    
diet is not amiss1 and as ,valescus     
adviseth1 cum alia honesta venerem saepe
 exercendo1 which ,langius epist4 med4  
lib4 #a4 epist4 #bd4 approves out of    
,rhasis 7ad assiduationem coitus invitat
 and ,guianerius seconds it1 cap4 #af4  
tract4 #af4 as a #efbb very profitable  
remedy4 #efbc------tument tibi quum     
inguina1 cum si ,ancilla1 aut verna     
praesto est1 tentigine rumpi ,malis8 non
 ego namque1 c4------  #efbd;,jason     
,pratensis subscribes to this counsel of
 the poet1 ,excretio enim aut tollet    
prorsus aut lenit aegritudinem4 ,as it  
did the raging lust of ,ahasuerus1      
#efbequi ad impatientiam amoris         
leniendam1 per singulas fere noctes     
novas puellas devirginavit4 ,and to be  
drunk too by fits2 but this is mad      
physic1 if it be at all to be permitted4
 ,if not1 yet some pleasure is to be    
allowed1 as that which ,vives speaks of1
 lib4 #c4 de anima41 #efbf;,a lover that

 hath as it were lost himself through   
impotency1 impatience1 must be called   
home as a traveller1 by music1 feasting1
 good wine1 if need be to drunkenness   
itself1 which many so much commend for  
the easing of the mind1 all kinds of    
sports and merriments1 to see fair      
pictures1 hangings1 buildings1 pleasant 
fields1 orchards1 gardens1 groves1      
ponds1 pools1 rivers1 fishing1 fowling1 
hawking1 hunting1 to hear merry tales1  
and pleasant discourse1 reading1 to use 
exercise till he sweat1 that new spirits
 may succeed1 or by some vehement       
affection or contrary passion to be     
diverted till he be fully weaned from   
anger1 suspicion1 cares1 fears1 c41 and 
habituated into another course4 ,semper 
tecum sit1 7as #efbg,sempronius adviseth
 ,calisto his lovesick master7 qui      
sermones joculares moveat1 conciones    
ridiculas1 dicteria falsa1 suaves       
historias1 fabulas venustas recenseat1  
coram ludat1 c41 still have a pleasant  
companion to sing and tell merry tales1 

songs and facete histories1 sweet       
discourse1 c4 ,and as the melody of     
music1 merriment1 singing1 dancing1 doth
 augment the passion of some lovers1 as 
#efbh ,avicenna notes1 so it expelleth  
it in others1 and doth very much good4  
,these things must be warily applied1 as
 the parties' symptoms vary1 and as they
 shall stand variously affected4 ,if    
there be any need of physic1 that the   
humours be altered1 or any new matter   
aggregated1 they must be cured as       
melancholy men4 ,carolus a ,lorme1      
amongst other questions discussed for   
his degree at ,montpelier in ,france1   
hath this1 ,an amantes et amantes iisdem
 remediis curentur8 ,whether lovers and 
madmen be cured by the same remedies8 he
 affirms it2 for love extended is mere  
madness4 ,such physic then as is        
prescribed1 is either inward or outward1
 as hath been formerly handled in the   
precedent partition in the cure of      
melancholy4 ,consult with ,valleriola   
observat4 lib4 #b4 observ4 #g4 ,lod4    

,mercatus lib4 #b4 cap4 #d4 de mulier4  
affect4 ,daniel ,sennertus lib4 #a4     
part4 #b4 cap4 #aj4 #efbi;,jacobus      
,ferrandus the ,frenchman1 in his ,tract
 de amore ,erotique1 ,forestus lib4 #aj4
 observ4 #bi and #cj1 ,jason ,pratensis 
and others for peculiar receipts4       
#efcj;,amatus ,lusitanus cured a young  
,jew1 that was almost mad for love1 with
 the syrup of hellebore1 and such other 
evacuations and purges which are usually
 prescribed to black choler3            
#efca;,avicenna confirms as much if need
 require1 and #efcb;bloodletting above  
the rest1 which makes amantes ne sint   
amentes1 lovers to come to themselves1  
and keep in their right minds4 ',tis the
 same which ,schola ,salernitana1 ,jason
 ,pratensis1 ,hildesheim1 c41 prescribe 
bloodletting to be used as a principal  
remedy4 ,those old ,scythians had a     
trick to cure all appetite of burning   
lust1 by #efcc letting themselves blood 
under the ears1 and to make both men and
 women barren1 as ,sabellicus in his    

,aeneades relates of them4 ,which       
,salmuth4 ,tit4 #aj4 de ,herol4 comment4
 in ,pancirol4 de nov4 report4          
,mercurialis1 var4 lec4 lib4 #c4 cap4   
#g4 out of ,hippocrates and ,benzo say  
still is in use amongst the ,indians1 a 
reason of which ,langius gives lib4 #a4 
epist4 #aj4 ,huc faciunt medicamenta    
venerem sopientia1 ut camphora pudendis 
alligata1 et in bracha gestata 7quidam  
ait7 membrum flaccidum reddit4          
,laboravit hoc morbo virgo nobilis1 cui 
inter caetera praescripsit medicus1 ut  
laminam plumbeam multis foraminibus     
pertusam ad dies viginti portaret in    
dorso2 ad exiccandum vero sperma jussit 
eam quam parcissime cibari1 et manducare
 frequentur coriandrum praeparatum1 et  
semen lactucae1 et acetosae1 et sic eam 
a morbo liberavit4 ,porro impediunt et  
remittunt coitum folia salicis trita et 
epota1 et si frequentius usurpentur ipsa
 in totum auferunt4 ,idem praestat      
,topatius annulo gestatus1 dexterum lupi
 testiculum attritum1 et oleo vel aqua  

rosata exhibitum veneris taedium        
inducere scribit ,alexander ,benedictus3
 lac butyri commestum et semen canabis1 
et camphora exhibita idem praestant4    
,verbena herba gestata libidinem        
extinguit1 pulvisquae ranae decollatae  
et exiccatae4 ,ad extinguendum coitum1  
ungantur membra genitalia1 et renes et  
pecten aqua in qua opium ,thebaicum sit 
dissolutum2 libidini maxime contraria   
camphora est1 et coriandrum siccum      
frangit coitum1 et erectionem virgae    
impedit2 idem efficit synapium ebibitum4
 ,da verbenam in potu et non erigetur   
virga sex diebus2 utere mentha sicca cum
 aceto1 genitalia illinita succo        
hyoscyami aid cicutae1 coitus appelitum 
sedant1 c4 4 seminis lactuc4 portulac4  
coriandri an4 j4 menthae siccae 4       
sacchari albiss4 iiij4 pulveriscentur   
omnia subtiliter1 et post ea simul misce
 aqua neunpharis1 f4 confec4 solida in  
morsulis4 ,ex his sumat mane unum quum  
surgat4 ,innumera fere his similia petas
 ab ,hildeshemo loco praedicto1         

,mizaldo1 ,porta1 caeterisque4          
,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,withstand the        
beginnings1 avoid occasions1 change his 
place3 fair and foul means1 contrary    
passions1 with witty inventions3 to     
bring in another1 and discommend the    
former4  ,other good rules and precepts 
are enjoined by our physicians1 which1  
if not alone1 yet certainly conjoined1  
may do much2 the first of which is      
obstare principiis1 to withstand the    
beginning1#efcd,quisquis in primo       
obstitit1 ,pepulitque amorem tutus ac   
victor fuit1 he that will but resist at 
first1 may easily be a conqueror at the 
last4 ,balthazar ,castilio1 l4 #d4      
urgeth this prescript above the rest1   
#efcewhen he shall chance 7saith he7 to 
light upon a woman that hath good       
behaviour joined with her excellent     
person1 and shall perceive his eyes with
 a kind of greediness to pull unto them 
this image of beauty1 and carry it to   
the heart3 shall observe himself to be  
somewhat incensed with this influence1  

which moveth within3 when he shall      
discern those subtle spirits sparkling  
in her eyes1 to administer more fuel to 
the fire1 he must wisely withstand the  
beginnings1 rouse up reason1 stupefied  
almost1 fortify his heart by all means1 
and shut up all those passages1 by which
 it may have entrance4 ',tis a precept  
which all concur upon1 #efcf,opprime dum
 nova sunt subiti mala semina morbi1    
,dum licet1 in primo lumine siste pedem4
  ,thy quick disease1 whilst it is fresh
 today1 ,by all means crush1 thy feet at
 first step stay4  ,which cannot        
speedier be done1 than if he confess his
 grief and passion to some judicious    
friend #efcg7qui tacitus ardet magis    
uritur1 the more he conceals1 the       
greater is his pain7 that by his good   
advice may happily ease him on a sudden2
 and withal to avoid occasions1 or any  
circumstance that may aggravate his     
disease1 to remove the object by all    
means2 for who can stand by a fire and  
not burn8 #efch,sussilite obsecro et    

mittite istanc foras1 quae misero mihi  
amanti ebibit sanguinem4  ',tis good    
therefore to keep quite out of her      
company1 which ,hierom so much labours  
to ,paula1 to ,nepotian2 ,chrysost4 so  
much inculcates in ser4 in contubern4   
,cyprian1 and many other fathers of the 
church1 ,siracides in his ninth chapter1
 ,jason ,pratensis1 ,savanarola1        
,arnoldus1 ,valleriola1 c41 and every   
physician that treats of this subject4  
,not only to avoid1 as #efci ,gregory   
,tholosanus exhorts1 kissing1 dalliance1
 all speeches1 tokens1 love-letters1 and
 the like1 or as ,castilio1 lib4 #d4 to 
converse with them1 hear them speak1 or 
sing1 7tolerabilius est audire          
basiliscum sibilantem1 thou hadst better
 hear1 saith #efdj;,cyprian1 a serpent  
hiss7 #efdathose amiable smiles1        
admirable graces1 and sweet gestures1   
which their presence affords4 #efdb,neu 
capita liment solitis morsiunculis1 ,et 
his papillarum oppressiunculis          
,abstineant3------  but all talk1 name1 

mention1 or cogitation of them1 and of  
any other women1 persons1 circumstance1 
amorous book or tale that may administer
 any occasion of remembrance4           
#efdc,prosper adviseth young men not to 
read the ,canticles1 and some parts of  
,genesis at other times2 but for such as
 are enamoured they forbid1 as before1  
the name mentioned1 c41 especially all  
sight1 they must not so much as come    
near1 or look upon them4 #efdd;,et      
fugitare decet simulacra et pabula      
amoris1 ,abstinere sibi atque alio      
convertere mentem4  ,gaze not on a maid1
 saith ,siracides1 turn away thine eyes 
from a beautiful woman1 c4 #i4 v4 #e4   
#g1 #h4 averte oculos1 saith ,david1 or 
if thou dost see them1 as ,ficinus      
adviseth1 let not thine eye be intentus 
ad libidinem1 do not intend her more    
than the rest3 for as #efde,propertius  
holds1 ,ipse alimenta sibi maxima       
praebet amor1 love as a snow ball       
enlargeth itself by sight3 but as       
,hierome to ,nepotian1 aut aequaliter   

ama1 aut aequaliter ignora1 either see  
all alike1 or let all alone2 make a     
league with thine eyes1 as #efdf;,job   
did1 and that is the safest course1 let 
all alone1 see none of them4 ,nothing   
sooner revives1 #efdgor waxeth sore     
again1 as ,petrarch holds1 than love    
doth by sight4 ,as pomp renews ambition2
 the sight of gold1 covetousness2 a     
beauteous object sets on fire this      
burning lust4 ,et multum saliens incitat
 unda sitim4 ,the sight of drink makes  
one dry1 and the sight of meat          
increaseth appetite4 ',tis dangerous    
therefore to see4 ,a #efdhyoung         
gentleman in merriment would needs put  
on his mistress's clothes1 and walk     
abroad alone1 which some of her suitors 
espying1 stole him away for her that he 
represented4 ,so much can sight enforce4
 ,especially if he have been formerly   
enamoured1 the sight of his mistress    
strikes him into a new fit1 and makes   
him rave many days after4               
#efdi------;,infirmis causa pusilla     

nocet1  ,ut pene extinctum cinerem si   
sulphure tangas1 ,vivet1 et ex minimo   
maximus ignis erit3  ,sic nisi vitabis  
quicquid renovabit amorem1 ,flamma      
recrudescet1 quae modo nulla fuit4   ,a 
sickly man a little thing offends1 ,as  
brimstone doth a fire decayed renew1    
,and makes it burn afresh1 doth love's  
dead flames1 ,if that the former object 
it review4  ,or1 as the poet compares it
 to embers in ashes1 which the wind     
blows1 #efejut solet a ventis1 c41 a    
scald head 7as the saying is7 is soon   
broken1 dry wood quickly kindles1 and   
when they have been formerly wounded    
with sight1 how can they by seeing but  
be inflamed8 ,ismenias acknowledged as  
much of himself1 when he had been long  
absent1 and almost forgotten his        
mistress1 #efea;at the first sight of   
her1 as straw in a fire1 ,i burned      
afresh1 and more than ever ,i did       
before4 #efeb;,chariclia was as much    
moved at the sight of her dear          
,theagines1 after he had been a great   

stranger4 #efec,mertila1 in             
,aristaenetus1 swore she would never    
love ,pamphilus again1 and did moderate 
her passion1 so long as he was absent2  
but the next time he came in presence1  
she could not contain1 effuse amplexa   
attrectari se sinit1 c41 she broke her  
vow1 and did profusely embrace him4     
,hermotinus1 a young man 7in the said   
#efed;author7 is all out as unstaid1 he 
had forgot his mistress quite1 and by   
his friends was well weaned from her    
love2 but seeing her by chance1 agnovit 
veteris vestigia flammae1 he raved      
amain1 ,illa tamen emergens veluti      
lucida stella cepit elucere1 c41 she did
 appear as a blazing star1 or an angel  
to his sight4 ,and it is the common     
passion of all lovers to be overcome in 
this sort4 ,for that cause belike       
,alexander discerning this inconvenience
 and danger that comes by seeing1       
#efeewhen he heard ,darius's wife so    
much commended for her beauty1 would    
scarce admit her to come in his sight1  

foreknowing belike that of ,plutarch1   
formosam videre periculosissimum1 how   
full of danger it is to see a proper    
woman1 and though he was intemperate in 
other things1 yet in this superbe se    
gessit1 he carried himself bravely4 ,and
 so when as ,araspus1 in ,xenophon1 had 
so much magnified that divine face of   
,panthea to ,cyrus1 #efef;by how much   
she was fairer than ordinary1 by so much
 he was the more unwilling to see her4  
,scipio1 a young man of twenty-three    
years of age1 and the most beautiful of 
the ,romans1 equal in person to that    
,grecian ,charinus1 or ,homer's ,nireus1
 at the siege of a city in ,spain1 when 
as a noble and most fair young          
gentlewoman was brought unto him1       
#efeg;and he had heard she was betrothed
 to a lord1 rewarded her1 and sent her  
back to her sweetheart4 ,st4 ,austin1 as
 #efeh;,gregory reports of him1 ne cum  
sorore quidem sua putavit habitandum1   
would not live in the house with his own
 sister4 ,xenocrates lay with ,lais of  

,corinth all night1 and would not touch 
her4 ,socrates1 though all the city of  
,athens supposed him to dote upon fair  
,alcibiades1 yet when he had an         
opportunity1 #efeisolus cum solo to lie 
in the chamber with1 and was wooed by   
him besides1 as the said ,alcibiades    
publicly #effj;confessed1 formam sprevit
 et superbe contempsit1 he scornfully   
rejected him4 ,petrarch1 that had so    
magnified his ,laura in several poems1  
when by the pope's means she was offered
 unto him1 would not accept of her4     
#effa;,it is a good happiness to be free
 from this passion of love1 and great   
discretion it argues in such a man that 
he can so contain himself2 but when thou
 art once in love1 to moderate thyself  
7as he saith7 is a singular point of    
wisdom4 #effb,nam vitare plagas in      
amoris ne jaciamur ,non ita difficile   
est1 quam captum retibus ipsis ,exire1  
et validos ,veneris perrumpere nodos4   
,to avoid such nets is no such mastery1 
,but ta'en escape is all the victory4   

,but1 forasmuch as few men are free1 so 
discreet lovers1 or that can contain    
themselves1 and moderate their passions1
 to curb their senses1 as not to see    
them1 not to look lasciviously1 not to  
confer with them1 such is the fury of   
this headstrong passion of raging lust1 
and their weakness1 ferox ille ardor a  
natura insitus1 #effc;as he terms it    
such a furious desire nature hath       
inscribed1 such unspeakable delight4    
,sic ,divae ,veneris furor1 ,insanis    
adeo mentibus incubat1  which neither   
reason1 counsel1 poverty1 pain1 misery1 
drudgery1 partus dolor1 c41 can deter   
them from2 we must use some speedy means
 to correct and prevent that1 and all   
other inconveniences1 which come by     
conference and the like4 ,the best1     
readiest1 surest way1 and which all     
approve1 is ,loci mutatio1 to send them 
several ways1 that they may neither hear
 of1 see1 nor have an opportunity to    
send to one another again1 or live      
together1 soli cum sola1 as so many     

,gilbertines4 ,elongatio a patria1 'tis 
,savanarola's fourth rule1 and          
,gordonius' precept1 distrahatur ad     
longinquas regiones1 send him to travel4
 ',tis that which most run upon1 as so  
many hounds1 with full cry1 poets1      
divines1 philosophers1 physicians1 all1 
mutet patriam3 ,valesius3 #effd;as a    
sick man he must be cured with change of
 air1 ,tully #d ,tuscul4 ,the best      
remedy is to get thee gone1 ,jason      
,pratensis3 change air and soil1        
,laurentius4 #effe;,fuge littus amatum4 
,virg4 ,utile finitimis abstinuisse     
locis4 #efff,ovid4 ,i procul1 et longas 
carpere perge vias4 ------sed fuge tutus
 eris4  ,travelling is an antidote of   
love1 #effg,magnum iter ad doctas       
proficisci cogor ,athenas1 ,ut me longa 
gravi solvat amore via4  ,for this      
purpose1 saith #effh,propertius1 my     
parents sent me to ,athens2 time and    
patience wear away pain and grief1 as   
fire goes out for want of fuel4 ,quantum
 oculis1 animo tam procul ibit amor4    

,but so as they tarry out long enough3 a
 whole year #effi,xenophon prescribes   
,critobulus1 vix enim intra hoc tempus  
ab amore sanari poteris3 some will      
hardly be weaned under4 ,all this       
#efgj;,heinsius merrily inculcates in an
 epistle to his friend ,primierus2 first
 fast1 then tarry1 thirdly1 change thy  
place1 fourthly1 think of a halter4 ,if 
change of place1 continuance of time1   
absence1 will not wear it out with those
 precedent remedies1 it will hardly be  
removed3 but these commonly are of      
force4 ,felix ,plater1 observ4 lib4 #a4 
had a baker to his patient1 almost mad  
for the love of his maid1 and desperate2
 by removing her from him1 he was in a  
short space cured4 ,isaeus1 a           
philosopher of ,assyria1 was a most     
dissolute liver in his youth1 palam     
lasciviens1 in love with all he met2 but
 after he betook himself1 by his        
friends' advice1 to his study1 and left 
women's company1 he was so changed that 
he cared no more for plays1 nor feasts1 

nor masks1 nor songs1 nor verses1 fine  
clothes1 nor no such love toys3 he      
became a new man upon a sudden1 tanquam 
si priores oculos amisisset1 7saith mine
 #efga;author7 as if he had lost his    
former eyes4 ,peter ,godefridus1 in the 
last chapter of his third book1 hath a  
story out of ,st4 ,ambrose1 of a young  
man that meeting his old love after long
 absence1 on whom he had extremely      
doted1 would scarce take notice of her2 
she wondered at it1 that he should so   
lightly esteem her1 called him again1   
lenibat dictis animum1 and told him who 
she was1 ,ego sum1 inquit3 ,at ego non  
sum ego2 but he replied1 he was not the 
same man3 proripuit sese tandem1 as     
#efgb;,aeneas fled from ,dido1 not      
vouchsafing her any farther parley1     
loathing his folly1 and ashamed of that 
which formerly he had done4 #efgc,non   
sum stultus ut ante jam ,neaera4 ,o     
,neaera1 put your tricks1 and practise  
hereafter upon somebody else1 you shall 
befool me no longer4 ,petrarch hath such

 another tale of a young gallant1 that  
loved a wench with one eye1 and for that
 cause by his parents was sent to travel
 into far countries1 after some years he
 returned1 and meeting the maid for     
whose sake he was sent abroad1 asked her
 how1 and by what chance she lost her   
eye8 no1 said she1 ,i have lost none1   
but you have found yours3 signifying    
thereby1 that all lovers were blind1 as 
,fabius saith1 ,amantes de forma        
judicare non possunt1 lovers cannot     
judge of beauty1 nor scarce of anything 
else1 as they will easily confess after 
they return unto themselves1 by some    
discontinuance or better advice1 wonder 
at their own folly1 madness1 stupidity1 
blindness1 be much abashed1 and laugh at
 love1 and call it an idle thing1       
condemn themselves that ever they should
 be so besotted or misled3 and be       
heartily glad they have so happily      
escaped4 ,if so be 7which is seldom7    
that change of place will not effect    
this alteration1 then other remedies are

 to be annexed1 fair and foul means1 as 
to persuade1 promise1 threaten1 terrify1
 or to divert by some contrary passion1 
rumour1 tales1 news1 or some witty      
invention to alter his affection1       
#efgd;by some greater sorrow to drive   
out the less1 saith ,gordonius1 as that 
his house is on fire1 his best friends  
dead1 his money stolen4 #efge,that he is
 made some great governor1 or hath some 
honour1 office1 some inheritance is     
befallen him4 ,he shall be a knight1 a  
baron2 or by some false accusation1 as  
they do to such as have the hiccup1 to  
make them forget it4 ,st4 ,hierome1 lib4
 #b4 epist4 #af4 to ,rusticus the monk1 
hath an instance of a young man of      
,greece1 that lived in a monastery in   
,egypt1 #efgfthat by no labour1 no      
continence1 no persuasion1 could be     
diverted1 but at last by this trick he  
was delivered4 ,the abbot sets one of   
his convent to quarrel with him1 and    
with some scandalous reproach or other  
to defame him before company1 and then  

to come and complain first1 the         
witnesses were likewise suborned for the
 plaintiff4 ,the young man wept1 and    
when all were against him1 the abbot    
cunningly took his part1 lest he should 
be overcome with immoderate grief3 but  
what need many words8 by this invention 
he was cured1 and alienated from his    
pristine love-thoughts--,injuries1      
slanders1 contempts1                    
disgraces--spretaeque injuria formae1   
the insult of her slighted beauty1 are  
very forcible means to withdraw men's   
affections1 contumelia affecti amatores 
amare desinunt1 as #efgg,lucian saith1  
lovers reviled or neglected1 contemned  
or misused1 turn love to hate2          
#efghredeam8 ,non si me obsecret1 ,i'll 
never love thee more4 ,egone illam1 quae
 illum1 quae me1 quae non8 ,so ,zephyrus
 hated ,hyacinthus because he scorned   
him1 and preferred his co-rival ,apollo 
7,palephaetus fab4 ,nar471 he will not  
come again though he be invited4 ,tell  
him but how he was scoffed at behind his

 back1 7'tis the counsel of ,avicenna71 
that his love is false1 and entertains  
another1 rejects him1 cares not for him1
 or that she is a fool2 a nasty quean1 a
 slut1 a vixen1 a scold1 a devil1 or1   
which ,italians commonly do1 that he or 
she hath some loathsome filthy disease1 
gout1 stone1 strangury1 falling         
sickness1 and that they are hereditary1 
not to be avoided1 he is subject to a   
consumption1 hath the pox1 that he hath 
three or four incurable tetters1 issues2
 that she is bald1 her breath stinks1   
she is mad by inheritance1 and so are   
all the kindred1 a hair-brain1 with many
 other secret infirmities1 which ,i will
 not so much as name1 belonging to      
women4 ,that he is a hermaphrodite1 an  
eunuch1 imperfect1 impotent1 a          
spendthrift1 a gamester1 a fool1 a gull1
 a beggar1 a whoremaster1 far in debt1  
and not able to maintain her1 a common  
drunkard1 his mother was a witch1 his   
father hanged1 that he hath a wolf in   
his bosom1 a sore leg1 he is a leper1   

hath some incurable disease1 that he    
will surely beat her1 he cannot hold his
 water1 that he cries out or walks in   
the night1 will stab his bedfellow1 tell
 all his secrets in his sleep1 and that 
nobody dare lie with him1 his house is  
haunted with spirits1 with such fearful 
and tragical things1 able to avert and  
terrify any man or woman living1        
,gordonius1 cap4 #bj4 part4 #b4 hunc in 
modo consulit2 ,paretur aliqua vetula   
turpissima aspectu1 cum turpi et vili   
habitu3 et portet subtus gremium pannum 
menstrualem1 et dicat quod amica sua sit
 ebriosa1 et quod mingat in lecto1 et   
quod est epileptica et impudicia2 et    
quod in corpore suo sunt excrescentiae  
enormes1 cum faetore anhelitus1 et aliae
 enormitates1 quibus vetulae sunt       
edoctae3 si nolit his persuaderi1 subito
 extrahat #efgipannum menstrualem1 coram
 facie portando1 exclamando1 talis est  
amica tua2 et si ex his non demiserit1  
non est homo1 sed diabolus incarnatus4  
,idem fere1 ,avicenna1 cap4 #bd1 de cura

 ,elishi1 lib4 #c1 ,fen4 #a4 ,tract4 #d4
 ,narrent res immundas vetulae1 ex      
quibus abominationem incurrat1 et res   
#efhjsordidas et1 hoc assiduent4 ,idem  
,arculanus cap4 #af4 in #i4 ,rhasis1 c4 
,withal as they do discommend the old1  
for the better effecting a more speedy  
alteration1 they must commend another   
paramour1 alteram inducere1 set him or  
her to be wooed1 or woo some other that 
shall be fairer1 of better note1 better 
fortune1 birth1 parentage1 much to be   
preferred1 #efha ,invenies alium si te  
hic fastidit ,alexis1 by this means1    
which ,jason ,pratensis wisheth1 to turn
 the stream of affection another way1   
,successore novo truditur omnis amor2   
or1 as ,valesius adviseth1 by           
#efhbsubdividing to diminish it1 as a   
great river cut into many channels runs 
low at last4 #efhc;,hortor et ut pariter
 binas habeatis amicas1 c4 ,if you      
suspect to be taken1 be sure1 saith the 
poet1 to have two mistresses at once1 or
 go from one to another3 as he that goes

 from a good fire in cold weather is    
both to depart from it1 though in the   
next room there be a better which will  
refresh him as much2 there's as much    
difference of haec as hac ignis2 or     
bring him to some public shows1 plays1  
meetings1 where he may see variety1 and 
he shall likely loathe his first choice3
 carry him but to the next town1 yea    
peradventure to the next house1 and as  
,paris lost ,oenone's love by seeing    
,helen1 and ,cressida forsook ,troilus  
by conversing with ,diomede1 he will    
dislike his former mistress1 and leave  
her quite behind him1 as #efhd,theseus  
left ,ariadne fast asleep in the island 
of ,dia1 to seek her fortune1 that was  
erst his loving mistress4 #efhe,nunc    
primum ,dorida vetus amator contempsi1  
as he said1 ,doris is but a dowdy to    
this4 ,as he that looks himself in a    
glass forgets his physiognomy forthwith1
 this flattering glass of love will be  
diminished by remove2 after a little    
absence it will be remitted1 the next   

fair object will likely alter it4 ,a    
young man in #efhf,lucian was pitifully 
in love1 he came to the theatre by      
chance1 and by seeing other fair objects
 there1 mentis sanitatem recepit1 was   
fully recovered1 #efhg and went merrily 
home1 as if he had taken a dram of      
oblivion4 #efhh;,a mouse 7saith an      
apologer7 was brought up in a chest1    
there fed with fragments of bread and   
cheese1 though there could be no better 
meat1 till coming forth at last1 and    
feeding liberally of other variety of   
viands1 loathed his former life3        
moralise this fable by thyself4 ,plato1 
in4 his seventh book ,de ,legibus1 hath 
a pretty fiction of a city under ground1
 #efhito which by little holes some     
small store of light came2 the          
inhabitants thought there could not be a
 better place1 and at their first coming
 abroad they might not endure the light1
 aegerrime solem intueri2 but after they
 were accustomed a little to it1        
#efijthey deplored their fellows' misery

 that lived under ground4 ,a silly lover
 is in like state1 none so fair as his  
mistress at first1 he cares for none but
 her2 yet after a while1 when he hath   
compared her with others1 he abhors her 
name1 sight1 and memory4 ',tis generally
 true2 for as he observes1 #efia,priorem
 flammam novus ignis extrudit2 et ea    
multorum natura1 ut praesentes maxime   
ament1 one fire drives out another2 and 
such is women's weakness1 that they love
 commonly him that is present4 ,and so  
do many men2 as he confessed1 he loved  
,amye1 till he saw ,florial1 and when he
 saw ,cynthia1 forgat them both3 but    
fair ,phillis was incomparably beyond1  
them all1 ,cloris surpassed her1 and yet
 when he espied ,amaryllis1 she was his 
sole mistress2 ,o divine ,amaryllis3    
quam procera1 cupressi ad instar1 quam  
elegans1 quam decens1 c4 ,how lovely1   
how tall1 how comely she was 7saith     
,polemius7 till he saw another1 and then
 she was the sole subject of his        
thoughts4 ,in conclusion1 her he loves  

best he saw last4 #efib,triton1 the     
sea-god1 first loved ,leucothoe1 till he
 came in presence of ,milaene1 she was  
the commandress of his heart1 till he   
saw ,galatea3 but 7as #eficshe          
complains7 he loved another eftsoons1   
another1 and another4 ',tis a thing     
which1 by ,hierom's report1 hath been   
usually practised4 #efid;,heathen       
philosophers drive out one love with    
another1 as they do a peg1 or pin with a
 pin4 ,which those seven ,persian       
princes did to ,ahasuerus1 that they    
might requite the desire of ,queen      
,vashti with the love of others4        
,pausanias in ,eliacis saith1 that      
therefore one ,cupid was painted to     
contend with another1 and to take the   
garland from him1 because one love      
drives out another1 #efie;,alterius     
vires subtrahit alter amor2 and ,tully1 
#c4 ,nat4 ,deor4 disputing with ,c4     
,cotta1 makes mention of three several  
,cupids1 all differing in office4 ,felix
 ,plater1 in the first book of his      

observations1 boasts how he cured a     
widower in ,basil1 a patient of his1 by 
this stratagem alone1 that doted upon a 
poor servant his maid1 when friends1    
children1 no persuasion could serve to  
alienate his mind3 they motioned him to 
another honest man's daughter in the    
town1 whom he loved1 and lived with long
 after1 abhorring the very name and     
sight of the first4 ,after the death of 
,lucretia1 #efif;,euryalus would admit  
of no comfort1 till the ,emperor        
,sigismund married him to a noble lady  
of his court1 and so in short space he  
was freed4  ,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,by      
counsel and persuasion1 foulness of the 
fact1 men's1 women's faults1 miseries of
 marriage1 events of lust1 c4  ,as there
 be divers causes of this burning lust1 
or heroical love1 so there be many good 
remedies to ease and help2 amongst      
which1 good counsel and persuasion1     
which ,i should have handled in the     
first place1 are of great moment1 and   
not to be omitted4 ,many are of opinion1

 that in this blind headstrong passion  
counsel can do no good4 #efig,quae enim 
res in se neque consilium neque modum   
,habet1 ullo eam consilio regere non    
potes4  ,which thing hath neither       
judgment1 or an end1 ,how should advice 
or counsel it amend8  #efih,quis enim   
modus adsit amori8 ,but1 without        
question1 good counsel and advice must  
needs be of great force1 especially if  
it shall proceed from a wise1 fatherly1 
reverent1 discreet person1 a man of     
authority1 whom the parties do respect1 
stand in awe of1 or from a judicious    
friend1 of itself alone it is able to   
divert and suffice4 ,gordonius1 the     
physician1 attributes so much to it1    
that he would have it by all means used 
in the first place4 ,amoveatur ab illa1 
consilio viri quem timet1 ostendendo    
pericula saeculi1 judicium inferni1     
gaudia ,paradisi4 ,he would have some   
discreet men to dissuade them1 after the
 fury of passion is a little spent1 or  
by absence allayed2 for it is as        

intempestive at first1 to give counsel1 
as to comfort parents when their        
children are in that instant departed2  
to no purpose to prescribe narcotics1   
cordials1 nectarines1 potions1 ,homer's 
nepenthes1 or ,helen's bowl1 c4 ,non    
cessabit pectus tundere1 she will lament
 and howl for a season3 let passion have
 his course awhile1 and then he may     
proceed1 by foreshowing the miserable   
events and dangers which will surely    
happen1 the pains of hell1 joys of      
,paradise1 and the like1 which by their 
preposterous courses they shall forfeit 
or incur2 and 'tis a fit method1 a very 
good means2 for what #efii,seneca said  
of vice1 ,i say of love1 ,sine magistro 
discitur1 vix sine magistro deseritur1  
'tis learned of itself1 but #egjj;hardly
 left without a tutor4 ',tis not amiss  
therefore to have some such overseer1 to
 expostulate and show them such         
absurdities1 inconveniences1            
imperfections1 discontents1 as usually  
follow2 which their blindness1 fury1    

madness1 cannot apply unto themselves1  
or will not apprehend through weakness2 
and good for them to disclose           
themselves1 to give ear to friendly     
admonitions4 ,tell me1 sweetheart 7saith
 ,tryphena to a lovesick ,charmides in  
#egja,lucian71 what is it that troubles 
thee8 peradventure ,i can ease thy mind1
 and further thee in thy suit2 and so1  
without question1 she might1 and so     
mayst thou1 if the patient be capable of
 good counsel1 and will hear at least   
what may be said4 ,if he love at all1   
she is either an honest woman or a      
whore4 ,if dishonest1 let him read or   
inculcate to him that #e4 of ,solomon's 
,proverbs1 ,ecclus4 #bf4 ,ambros4 lib4  
#a4 cap4 #d4 in his book of ,abel and   
,cain1 ,philo ,judeus de mercede mer4   
,platina's dial4 in ,amores1            
,espencaeus1 and those three books of   
,pet4 ,haedus de contem4 amoribus1      
,aeneas ,sylvius' tart ,epistle1 which  
he wrote to his friend ,nicholas of     
,warthurge1 which he calls medelam      

illiciti amoris c4 #egjb;,for what's a  
whore1 as he saith1 but a poller of     
youth1 a #egjcruin of men1 a            
destruction1 a devourer of patrimonies1 
a downfall of honour1 fodder for the    
devil1 the gate of death1 and supplement
 of hell8 #egjd,talis amor est laqueus  
animae1 c41 a bitter honey1 sweet       
poison1 delicate destruction1 a         
voluntary mischief1 commixtum coenum1   
sterquilinium4 ,and as #egje,pet4       
,aretine's ,lucretia1 a notable quean1  
confesseth3 ,gluttony1 anger1 envy1     
pride1 sacrilege1 theft1 slaughter1 were
 all born that day that a whore began   
her profession2 for1 as she follows it1 
her pride is greater than a rich        
churl's1 she is more envious than the   
pox1 as malicious as melancholy1 as     
covetous as hell4 ,if from the beginning
 of the world any were mala1 pejor1     
pessima1 bad in the superlative degree1 
'tis a whore2 how many have ,i undone1  
caused to be wounded1 slain6 ,o         
,antonia1 thou seest #egjfwhat ,i am    

without1 but within1 ,god knows1 a      
puddle of iniquity1 a sink of sin1 a    
pocky quean4 ,let him now that so dotes 
meditate on this2 let him see the event 
and success of others1 ,samson1         
,hercules1 ,holofernes1 c4 ,those       
infinite mischiefs attend it3 if she be 
another man's wife he loves1 'tis       
abominable in the sight of ,god and men2
 adultery is expressly forbidden in     
,god's commandment1 a mortal sin1 able  
to endanger his soul3 if he be such a   
one that fears ,god1 or have any        
religion1 he will eschew it1 and abhor  
the loathsomeness of his own fact4 ,if  
he love an honest maid1 'tis to abuse or
 marry her2 if to abuse1 'tis           
fornication1 a foul fact 7though some   
make light of it71 and almost equal to  
adultery itself4 ,if to marry1 let him  
seriously consider what he takes in     
hand1 look before ye leap1 as the       
proverb is1 or settle his affections1   
and examine first the party1 and        
condition of his estate and hers1       

whether it be a fit match1 for fortunes1
 years1 parentage1 and such other       
circumstances1 an sit sitae ,veneris4   
,whether it be likely to proceed3 if    
not1 let him wisely stave himself off at
 the first1 curb in his inordinate      
passion1 and moderate his desire1 by    
thinking of some other subject1 divert  
his cogitations4 ,or if it be not for   
his good1 as ,aeneas1 forewarned by     
,mercury in a dream1 left ,dido's love1 
and in all haste got him to sea1        
#egjg,mnestea1 ,surgestumque vocat      
fortemque ,cloanthem1 ,classem aptent   
taciti jubet------  and although she did
 oppose with vows1 tears1 prayers1 and  
imprecation4 #egjh------nullis ille     
movetur ,fletibus1 aut illas voces      
tractabilis audit2  ,let thy            
,mercury-reason rule thee against all   
allurements1 seeming delights1 pleasing 
inward or outward provocations4 ,thou   
mayst do this if thou wilt1 pater non   
deperit filiam1 nec frater sororem1 a   
father dotes not on his own daughter1 a 

brother on a sister2 and why8 because it
 is unnatural1 unlawful1 unfit4 ,if he  
be sickly1 soft1 deformed1 let him think
 of his deformities1 vices1 infirmities2
 if in debt1 let him ruminate how to pay
 his debts3 if he be in any danger1 let 
him seek to avoid it3 if he have any    
lawsuit1 or other business1 he may do   
well to let his love-matters alone and  
follow it1 labour in his vocation       
whatever it is4 ,but if he cannot so    
ease himself1 yet let him wisely        
premeditate of both their estates2 if   
they be unequal in years1 she young and 
he old1 what an unfit match must it     
needs be1 an uneven yoke1 how absurd and
 indecent a thing is it6 as ,lycinus in 
#egji,lucian told ,timolaus1 for an old 
bald crook-nosed knave to marry a young 
wench2 how odious a thing it is to see  
an old lecher6 ,what should a bald      
fellow do with a comb1 a dumb doter with
 a pipe1 a blind man with a             
looking-glass1 and thou with such a     
wife8 ,how absurd it is for a young man 

to marry an old wife for a piece of     
good4 ,but put case she be equal in     
years1 birth1 fortunes1 and other       
qualities correspondent1 he doth desire 
to be coupled in marriage1 which is an  
honourable estate1 but for what         
respects8 ,her beauty belike1 and       
comeliness of person1 that is commonly  
the main object1 she is a most absolute 
form1 in his eye at least1 ,cui formam  
,paphia1 et ,charites tribuere decoram2 
but do other men affirm as much8 or is  
it an error in his judgment4            
#egaj;,fallunt nos oculi vagique sensus1
 ,oppressa ratione mentiuntur1  our eyes
 and other senses will commonly deceive 
us2 it may be1 to thee thyself upon a   
more serious examination1 or after a    
little absence1 she is not so fair as   
she seems4 ,quaedam videntur et non     
sunt2 compare her to another standing   
by1 'tis a touchstone to try1 confer    
hand to hand1 body to body1 face to     
face1 eye to eye1 nose to nose1 neck to 
neck1 c41 examine every part by itself1 

then altogether1 in all postures1       
several sites1 and tell me how thou     
likest her4 ,it may be not she1 that is 
so fair1 but her coats1 or put another  
in her clothes1 and she will seem all   
out as fair2 as the #egaapoet then      
prescribes1 separate her from her       
clothes3 suppose thou saw her in a base 
beggar's weed1 or else dressed in some  
old hirsute attires out of fashion1 foul
 linen1 coarse raiment1 besmeared with  
soot1 colly1 perfumed with opoponax1    
sagapenum1 asafoetida1 or some such     
filthy gums1 dirty1 about some indecent 
action or other2 or in such a case as   
#egab;,brassivola1 the physician1 found 
,malatasta1 his patient1 after a potion 
of hellebore1 which he had prescribed3  
,manibus in terram depositis1 et ano    
versus caelum elevato 7ac si videretur  
,socraticus ille ,aristophanes1 qui     
,geometricas figuras in terram scribens1
 tubera colligere videbatur7 atram bilem
 in album parietem injiciebat1 adeoque  
totam cameram1 et se deturpabat1 ut1 c41

 all to bewrayed1 or worse2 if thou     
saw'st her 7,i say7 would thou affect   
her as thou dost8 ,suppose thou         
beheldest her in a #egac frosty morning1
 in cold weather1 in some passion or    
perturbation of mind1 weeping1 chafing1 
c41 rivelled and ill-favoured to behold4
 ,she many times that in a composed look
 seems so amiable and delicious1 tam    
scitula1 forma1 if she do but laugh or  
smile1 makes an ugly sparrow-mouthed    
face1 and shows a pair of uneven1       
loathsome1 rotten1 foul teeth3 she hath 
a black skin1 gouty legs1 a deformed    
crooked carcass under a fine coat4 ,it  
may be for all her costly tires she is  
bald1 and though she seem so fair by    
dark1 by candlelight1 or afar off at    
such a distance1 as ,callicratides      
observed in #egad,lucian1 ,if thou      
should see her near1 or in a morning1   
she would appear more ugly than a beast2
 #egaesi diligenter consideres1 quid per
 os et nares et caeteros corporis meatus
 egreditur1 vilius sterquilinium nunquam

 vidisti4 ,follow my counsel1 see her   
undressed1 see her1 if it be possible1  
out of her attires1 furtivis nudatam    
coloribus1 it may be she is like        
,aesop's jay1 or #egaf,pliny's          
cantharides1 she will be loathsome1     
ridiculous1 thou wilt not endure her    
sight3 or suppose thou saw'st her1 pale1
 in a consumption1 on her death-bed1    
skin and bones1 or now dead1 ,cujus erat
 gratissimus amplexus 7whose embrace was
 so agreeable7 as ,barnard saith1 erit  
horribilis aspectus2 ,non redolet1 sed  
olet1 quae1 redolere solet1 ,as a posy  
she smells sweet1 is most fresh and fair
 one day1 but dried up1 withered1 and   
stinks another4 ,beautiful ,nireus1 by  
that ,homer so much admired1 once dead1 
is more deformed than ,thersites1 and   
,solomon deceased as ugly as            
,marcolphus3 thy lovely mistress that   
was erst #egag;,charis charior ocellis1 
dearer to thee than thine eyes1 once    
sick or departed1 is ,vili vilior       
aestimata coeno1 worse than any dirt or 

dunghill4 ,her embraces were not so     
acceptable1 as now her looks be         
terrible3 thou hadst better behold a    
,gorgon's head1 than ,helen's carcass4  
,some are of opinion1 that to see a     
woman naked is able of itself to alter  
his affection2 and it is worthy of      
consideration1 saith #egah,montaigne the
 ,frenchman in his ,essays1 that the    
skilfulest masters of amorous dalliance1
 appoint for a remedy of venerous       
passions1 a full survey of the body2    
which the poet insinuates1 #egai;,ille  
quod obscaenas in aperto corpore partes 
,viderat1 in cursu qui fuit1 haesit     
amor4  ,the love stood still1 that run  
in full career1 ,when once it saw those 
parts should not appear4  ,it is        
reported of ,seleucus1 king of ,syria1  
that seeing his wife ,stratonice's bald 
pate1 as she was undressing her by      
chance1 he could never affect her after4
 ,remundus ,lullius1 the physician1     
spying an ulcer or cancer in his        
mistress' breast1 whom he so dearly     

loved1 from that day following abhorred 
the looks of her4 ,philip the ,french   
king1 as ,neubrigensis1 lib4 #d4 cap4   
#bd4 relates it1 married the king of    
,denmark's daughter1 #egbj;and after he 
had used her as a wife one night1       
because her breath stunk1 they say1 or  
for some other secret fault1 sent her   
back again to her father4 ,peter        
,mattheus1 in the life of ,lewis the    
,eleventh1 finds fault with our ,english
 #egba;chronicles1 for writing how      
,margaret the king of ,scots' daughter1 
and wife to ,louis the ,eleventh1       
,french king1 was ob graveolentiam oris1
 rejected by her husband4 ,many such    
matches are made for by-respects1 or    
some seemly comeliness1 which after     
honeymoon's past1 turn to bitterness3   
for burning lust is but a flash1 a      
gunpowder passion2 and hatred oft       
follows in the highest degree1 dislike  
and contempt4 #egbb------;,cum se cutis 
arida laxat1 ,fiunt obscuri dentes------
  when they wax old1 and ill-favoured1  

they may commonly no longer abide       
them1--,jam gravis es nobis1 ,be gone1  
they grow stale1 fulsome1 loathsome1    
odious1 thou art a beastly filthy       
quean1--#egbc;faciem ,phoebe cacantis   
habes1 thou art ,saturni podex1 withered
 and dry1 insipida et vetula1--#egbd,te 
quia rugae turpant1 et capitis nives1   
7,i say7 be gone1 #egbeportae patent1   
proficiscere4 ,yea1 but you will infer1 
your mistress is complete1 of a most    
absolute form in all men's opinions1 no 
exceptions can be taken at her1 nothing 
may be added to her person1 nothing     
detracted1 she is the mirror of women   
for her beauty1 comeliness and pleasant 
grace1 inimitable1 merae deliciae1 meri 
lepores1 she is ,myrothetium ,veneris1  
,gratiarum pixis1 a mere magazine of    
natural perfections1 she hath all the   
,veneres and ,graces1--mille faces et   
mille figuras1 in each part absolute and
 complete1 #egbf,laeta genas laeta os   
roseum1 vaga lumina laeta3 to be admired
 for her person1 a most incomparable1   

unmatchable piece1 aurea proles1 ad     
simulachrum alicujus numinis composita1 
a ,phoenix1 vernantis aetatulae         
,venerilla1 a nymph1 a fairy1 #egbglike 
,venus herself when she was a maid1     
nulli secunda1 a mere quintessence1     
flores spirans et amaracum1 foeminae    
prodigium3 put case she be1 how long    
will she continue8 #egbh;,florem decoris
 singuli carpunt dies3 ,every day       
detracts from her person1 and this      
beauty is bonum fragile1 a mere flash1 a
 ,venice glass1 quickly broken1         
#egbi;,anceps forma bonum mortalibus1   
------exigui donum breve temporis1  it  
will not last4 ,as that fair flower     
#egcj;,adonis1 which we call an anemone1
 flourisheth but one month1 this        
gracious all-commanding beauty fades in 
an instant4 ,it is a jewel soon lost1   
the painter's goddess1 fulsa veritas1 a 
mere picture4 ,favour is deceitful1 and 
beauty is vanity1 ,prov4 xxxi4 #cj4     
#egca,vitrea gemmula1 fluxaque bullula1 
candida forma est1 ,nix1 rosa1 fumus1   

ventus et aura1 nihil4  ,a brittle gem1 
bubble1 is beauty pale1 ,a rose1 dew1   
snow1 smoke1 wind1 air1 nought at all4  
,if she be fair1 as the saying is1 she  
is commonly a fool3 if proud1 scornful1 
sequiturque superbia formam1 or         
dishonest1 rara est concordia formae1   
atque pudicitiae1 can she be fair and   
honest too8 #egcb ,aristo1 the son of   
,agasicles1 married a ,spartan lass1 the
 fairest lady in all ,greece next to    
,helen1 but for her conditions the most 
abominable and beastly creature of the  
world4 ,so that ,i would wish thee to   
respect1 with #egcc,seneca1 not her     
person but qualities4 ,will you say     
that's a good blade which hath a gilded 
scabbard1 embroidered with gold and     
jewels8 ,no1 but that which hath a good 
edge and point1 well tempered metal1    
able to resist4 ,this beauty is of the  
body alone1 and what is that1 but as    
#egcd ,gregory ,nazianzen telleth us1 a 
mock of time and sickness8 or as        
,boethius1 #egce;as mutable as a flower1

 and 'tis not nature so makes us1 but   
most part the infirmity of the beholder4
 ,for ask another1 he sees no such      
matter3 ,dic mihi per gratias quails    
tibi videtur1 ,i pray thee tell me how  
thou likest my sweetheart1 as she asked 
her sister in ,aristenaetus1 #egcfwhom  
,i so much admire1 methinks he is the   
sweetest gentleman1 the properest man   
that ever ,i saw3 but ,i am in love1 ,i 
confess 7nec pudet fateri7 and cannot   
therefore well judge4 ,but be she fair  
indeed1 golden-haired1 as ,anacreon his 
,bathillus1 7to examine particulars7 she
 have #egcg;,flammeolos oculos1 collaque
 lacteola1 a pure sanguine complexion1  
little mouth1 coral lips1 white teeth1  
soft and plump neck1 body1 hands1 feet1 
all fair and lovely to behold1 composed 
of all graces1 elegances1 an absolute   
piece1 #egch,lumina sint ,melitae       
,junonia1 dextra ,minervae1 ,mamillae   
,veneris1 sura maris dominae1 c4  ,let  
#egci;her head be from ,prague1 paps out
 of ,austria1 belly from ,france1 back  

from ,brabant1 hands out of ,england1   
feet from ,rhine1 buttocks from         
,switzerland1 let her have the ,spanish 
gait1 the ,venetian tire1 ,italian      
compliment and endowments3              
#egdj;,candida sideriis ardescant lumina
 flammis1 ,sudent colla rosas1 et cedat 
crinibus aurum1 ,mellea purpurem        
depromant ora ruborem2 ,fulgeat1 ac     
,venerem coelesti corpore vincat1 ,forma
 dearum omnis1 c4  ,let her be such a   
one throughout1 as ,lucian deciphers in 
his ,imagines1 as ,euphranor of old     
painted ,venus1 ,aristaenetus describes 
,lais1 another ,helena1 ,chariclea1     
,leucippe1 ,lucretia1 ,pandora2 let her 
have a box of beauty to repair herself  
still1 such a one as ,venus gave ,phaon1
 when he carried her over the ford2 let 
her use all helps art and nature can    
yield2 be like her1 and her1 and whom   
thou wilt1 or all these in one2 a little
 sickness1 a fever1 small-pox1 wound1   
scar1 loss of an eye1 or limb1 a violent
 passion1 a distemperature of heat or   

cold1 mars all in an instant1 disfigures
 all2 child-bearing1 old age1 that      
tyrant time will turn ,venus to         
,erinnys2 raging time1 care1 rivels her 
upon a sudden2 after she hath been      
married a small while1 and the black ox 
hath trodden on her toe1 she will be so 
much altered1 and wax out of favour1    
thou wilt not know her4 ,one grows to   
fat1 another too lean1 c41 modest       
,matilda1 pretty pleasing ,peg1         
sweet-singing ,susan1 mincing merry     
,moll1 dainty dancing ,doll1 neat       
,nancy1 jolly ,joan1 nimble ,nell1      
kissing ,kate1 bouncing ,bess1 with     
black eyes1 fair ,phyllis1 with fine    
white hands1 fiddling ,frank1 tall ,tib1
 slender ,sib1 c41 will quickly lose    
their grace1 grow fulsome1 stale1 sad1  
heavy1 dull1 sour1 and all at last out  
of fashion4 ,ubi jam vultus argutia1    
suavis suavitatio1 blandus1 risus1 c4   
,those fair sparkling eyes will look    
dull1 her soft coral lips will be pale1 
dry1 cold1 rough1 and blue1 her skin    

rugged1 that soft and tender superficies
 will be hard and harsh1 her whole      
complexion change in a moment1 and as   
#egda,matilda writ to ,king ,john4 ,i am
 not now as when thou saw'st me last1   
,that favour soon is vanished and past2 
,that rosy blush lapt in a lily vale1   
,now is with morphew overgrown and pale4
  ',tis so in the rest1 their beauty    
fades as a tree in winter1 which        
,dejanira hath elegantly expressed in   
the poet1 #egdb;,deforme solis aspicis  
truncis nemus8 ,sic nostra longum forma 
percurrens iter1 ,deperdit aliquid      
semper1 et fulget minus1 ,malisque minus
 est quiquid in nobis fuit1 ,olim       
petitum cecidit1 et partu labat1        
,maturque multum rapuit ex illa mihi1   
,aetas citato senior eripuit gradu4     
,and as a tree that in the green wood   
grows1 ,with fruit and leaves1 and in   
the summer blows1 ,in winter like a     
stock deformed shows3 ,our beauty takes 
his race and journey goes1 ,and doth    
decrease1 and lose1 and come to nought1 

,admir'd of old1 to this by child-birth 
brought3 ,and mother hath bereft me of  
my grace1 ,and crooked old age coining  
on apace4  ,to conclude with            
,chrysostom1 #egdc,when thou seest a    
fair and beautiful person1 a brave      
,bonaroba1 a bella donna1 quae salivam  
moveat1 lepidam puellam et quam tu      
facile ames1 a comely woman1 having     
bright eyes1 a merry countenance1 a     
shining lustre in her look1 a pleasant  
grace1 wringing thy soul1 and increasing
 thy concupiscence2 bethink with thyself
 that it is but earth thou lovest1 a    
mere excrement1 which so vexeth thee1   
which thou so admirest1 and thy raging  
soul will be at rest4 ,take her skin    
from her face1 and thou shalt see all   
loathsomeness under it1 that beauty is a
 superficial skin and bones1 nerves1    
sinews3 suppose her sick1 now rivelled1 
hoary-headed1 hollow-cheeked1 old2      
within she is full of filthy phlegm1    
stinking1 putrid1 excremental stuff3    
snot and snivel in her nostrils1 spittle

 in her mouth1 water in her eyes1 what  
filth in her brains1 c4 ,or take her at 
best1 and look narrowly upon her in the 
light1 stand near her1 nearer yet1 thou 
shalt perceive almost as much1 and love 
less1 as #egdd ,cardan well writes1     
minus amant qui acute vident1 though    
,scaliger deride him for it3 if he see  
her near1 or look exactly at such a     
posture1 whosoever he is1 according to  
the true rules of symmetry and          
proportion1 those ,i mean of ,albertus  
,durer1 ,lomatius and ,tasnier1 examine 
him of her4 ,if he be elegans formarum  
spectator he shall find many faults in  
physiognomy1 and ill colour3 if form1   
one side of the face likely bigger than 
the other1 or crooked nose1 bad eyes1   
prominent veins1 concavities about the  
eyes1 wrinkles1 pimples1 red streaks1   
freckles1 hairs1 warts1 neves1          
inequalities1 roughness1 scabredity1    
paleness1 yellowness1 and as many       
colours as are in a turkeycock's neck1  
many indecorums in their other parts2   

est quod desideres1 est quod amputes1   
one leers1 another frowns1 a third      
gapes1 squints1 c4 ,and 'tis true that  
he saith1 #egde;,diligenter consideranti
 raro facies absoluta1 et quae vitio    
caret1 seldom shall you find an absolute
 face without fault1 as ,i have often   
observed2 not in the face alone is this 
defect or disproportion to be found2 but
 in all the other parts1 of body and    
mind2 she is fair1 indeed1 but foolish2 
pretty1 comely1 and decent1 of a        
majestical presence1 but peradventure1  
imperious1 dishonest1 acerba1 iniqua1   
self-willed3 she is rich1 but deformed2 
hath a sweet face1 but bad carriage1 no 
bringing up1 a rude and wanton flirt2 a 
neat body she hath1 but it is a nasty   
quean otherwise1 a very slut1 of a bad  
kind4 ,as flowers in a garden have      
colour some1 but no smell1 others have a
 fragrant smell1 but are unseemly to the
 eye2 one is unsavoury to the taste as  
rue1 as bitter as wormwood1 and yet a   
most medicinal cordial flower1 most     

acceptable to the stomach2 so are men   
and women2 one is well qualified1 but of
 ill proportion1 poor and base3 a good  
eye she hath1 but a bad hand and foot1  
foeda pedes et foeda manus1 a fine leg1 
bad teeth1 a vast body1 c4 ,examine all 
parts of body and mind1 ,i advise thee  
to inquire of all4 ,see her angry1      
merry1 laugh1 weep1 hot1 cold1 sick1    
sullen1 dressed1 undressed1 in all      
attires1 sites1 gestures1 passions1 eat 
her meals1 c41 and in some of these you 
will surely dislike4 ,yea1 not her only 
let him observe1 but her parents how    
they carry themselves3 for what         
deformities1 defects1 encumbrances of   
body or mind be in them at such an age1 
they will likely be subject to1 be      
molested in like manner1 they will      
patrizare or matrizare4 ,and withal let 
him take notice of her companions1 in   
convictu 7as ,quiverra prescribes71 et  
quibuscum conversetur1 whom she         
converseth with4 ,noscitur ex comite1   
qui non cognoscitur ex se4              

#egdf;,according to ,thucydides1 she is 
commonly the best1 de quo minimus foras 
habetur sermo1 that is least talked of  
abroad4 ,for if she be a noted reveller1
 a gadder1 a singer1 a pranker or       
dancer1 than take heed of her4 ,for what
 saith ,theocritus8 #egdg;,at vos       
festivae ne ne saltate puellae1 ,en     
malus hireus adest in vos saltare       
paratus4  ,young men will do it when    
they come to it4 ,fauns and satyrs will 
certainly play reaks1 when they come in 
such wanton ,baccho's or ,elenora's     
presence4 ,now when they shall perceive 
any such obliquity1 indecency1          
disproportion1 deformity1 bad           
conditions1 c41 let them still ruminate 
on that1 and as #egdh;,haedus adviseth  
out of ,ovid1 earum mendas notent1 note 
their faults1 vices1 errors1 and think  
of their imperfections2 'tis the next   
way to divert and mitigate love's       
furious headstrong passions2 as a       
peacock's feet1 and filthy comb1 they   
say1 make him forget his fine feathers1 

and pride of his tail2 she is lovely1   
fair1 well-favoured1 well qualified1    
courteous and kind1 but if she be not so
 to me1 what care ,i how kind she be8 ,i
 say with #egdi,philostratus1 formosa   
aliis1 mihi superba1 she is a tyrant to 
me1 and so let her go4 ,besides these   
outward neves or open faults1 errors1   
there be many inward infirmities1       
secret1 some private 7which ,i will     
omit71 and some more common to the sex1 
sullen fits1 evil qualities1 filthy     
diseases1 in this case fit to be        
considered2 consideratio foeditatis     
mulierum1 menstruae imprimis1 quam      
immundae sunt1 quam ,savanarola proponit
 regula septima penitus observandam2 et 
,platina dial4 amoris fuse perstringit4 
,lodovicus ,bonacsialus1 mulieb4 lib4   
#b4 cap4 #b4 ,pet4 ,haedus1 ,albertus1  
et infiniti fere medici4 #egej;,a lover1
 in ,calcagninus's ,apologies1 wished   
with all his heart he were his          
mistress's ring1 to hear1 embrace1 see1 
and do ,i know not what3 ,o thou fool1  

quoth the ring1 if thou wer'st in my    
room1 thou shouldst hear1 observe1 and  
see pudenda et poenitenda1 that which   
would make thee loathe and hate her1    
yea1 peradventure1 all women for her    
sake4 ,i will say nothing of the vices  
of their minds1 their pride1 envy1      
inconstancy1 weakness1 malice1 selfwill1
 lightness1 insatiable lust1 jealousy1  
,ecclus4 v4 #ad4 ,no malice to a        
woman's1 no bitterness like to hers1    
,eccles4 vii4 #ba4 and as the same      
author urgeth1 ,prov4 xxxi4 #aj4 ,who   
shall find a virtuous woman8 ,he makes a
 question of it4 ,neque jus neque bonum1
 neque aequum sciunt1 melius pejus1     
prosit1 obsit1 nihil vident1 nisi quod  
libido suggerit4 ,they know neither good
 nor bad1 be it better or worse 7as the 
comical poet hath it71 beneficial or    
hurtful1 they will do what they list4   
#egea;,insidiae humani generis1         
querimonia vitae1 ,exuviae noctis1      
durissima cura diei1 ,poena virum1 nex  
et juvenum1 c4------  ,and to that      

purpose were they first made1 as        
,jupiter insinuates in the #egebpoet2   
,the fire that bold ,prometheus stole   
from me1 ,with plagues call'd women     
shall revenged be1 ,on whose alluring   
and enticing face1 ,poor mortals doting 
shall their death embrace4  ,in fine1 as
 ,diogenes concludes in ,nevisanus1     
,nulla est faemina quae non habeat quid3
 they have all their faults4            
#egec;,every each of them hath some     
vices1 ,if one be full of villainy1     
,another hath a liquorish eye1 ,if one  
be full of wantonness1 ,another is a    
chideress4  ,when ,leander was drowned1 
the inhabitants of ,sestos consecrated  
,hero's lantern to ,anteros1 ,anteroti  
sacrum1 #eged;and he that had good      
success in his love should light the    
candle3 but never any man was found to  
light it2 which ,i can refer to nought1 
but the inconstancy and lightness of    
women4 #egee;,for in a thousand1 good   
there is not one2 ,all be so proud1     
unthankful1 and unkind1 ,with flinty    

hearts1 careless of other's moan4 ,in   
their own lusts carried most headlong   
blind1 ,but more herein to speak ,i am  
forbidden2 ,sometimes for speaking truth
 one may be chidden4  ,i am not willing1
 you see1 to prosecute the cause against
 them1 and therefore take heed you      
mistake me not1 #egefmatronam nullam ego
 tango1 ,i honour the sex1 with all good
 men1 and as ,i ought to do1 rather than
 displease them1 ,i will voluntarily    
take the oath which ,mercurius          
,britannicus took1 ,viragin4 descript4  
tib4 #b4 fol4 #ie4 ,me nihil unquam mali
 nobilissimo sexui1 vel verbo1 vel facto
 machinaturum1 c41 let ,simonides1      
,mantuan1 ,platina1 ,pet4 ,aretine1 and 
such women-haters bare the blame1 if    
aught be said amiss2 ,i have not writ a 
tenth of that which might be urged out  
of them and others2 #egegnon possunt    
invectivae omnes1 et satirae in foeminas
 scriptae1 uno volumine comprehendi4    
,and that which ,i have said 7to speak  
truth7 no more concerns them than men1  

though women be more frequently named in
 this tract2 7to apologise once for all7
 ,i am neither partial against them1 or 
therefore bitter2 what is said of the   
one1 mutato nomine1 may most part be    
understood of the other4 ,my words are  
like ,passus' picture in #egeh,lucian1  
of whom1 when a good fellow had bespoke 
a horse to be painted with his heels    
upwards1 tumbling on his back1 he made  
him passant3 now when the fellow came   
for his piece1 he was very angry1 and   
said1 it was quite opposite to his mind2
 but ,passus instantly turned the       
picture upside down1 showed him the     
horse at that site which he requested1  
and so gave him satisfaction4 ,if any   
man take exception at my words1 let him 
alter the name1 read him for her1 and   
'tis all one in effect4 ,but to my      
purpose3 ,if women in general be so bad 
7and men worse than they7 what a hazard 
is it to marry8 where shall a man find a
 good wife1 or a woman a good husband8  
,a woman a man may eschew1 but not a    

wife3 wedding is undoing 7some say7     
marrying marring1 wooing woeing3 #egei;a
 wife is a fever hectic1 as ,scaliger   
calls her1 and not be cured but by      
death1 as out of ,menander1 ,athenaeus  
adds1 ,in pelaprus te jacis             
negotiorum1-- ,non ,libyum1 non ,aegeum1
 ubi ex triginta non pereunt ,tria      
navigia3 duceus uxorem servatur prorsus 
nemo4  ,thou wadest into a sea itself of
 woes2 ,in ,libya and ,aegean each man  
knows ,of thirty not three ships are    
cast away1 ,but on this rock not one    
escapes1 ,i say4  ,the worldly cares1   
miseries1 discontents1 that accompany   
marriage1 ,i pray you learn of them that
 have experience1 for ,i have none2     
#egfj    1 libri mentis liberi4 ,for my 
part ,i'll dissemble with him1          
#egfa;,este procul nymphae1 fallax genus
 este puellae1 ,vita jugata meo non     
facit ingenio3 me juvat1 c4  many       
married men exclaim at the miseries of  
it1 and rail at wives downright2 ,i     
never tried1 but as ,i hear some of them

 say1 #egfb,mare haud mare1 vos mare    
acerrimum1 an ,irish ,sea is not so     
turbulent and raging as a litigious     
wife4 #egfc,scylla et ,charybdis ,sicula
 contorquens freta1 ,minus est timenda1 
nulla non melior fera est4  ,scylla and 
,charybdis are less dangerous1 ,there is
 no beast that is so noxious4  ,which   
made the devil belike1 as most          
interpreters hold1 when he had taken    
away ,job's goods1 corporis et fortunae 
bona1 health1 children1 friends1 to     
persecute him the more1 leave his wicked
 wife1 as ,pineda proves out of         
,tertullian1 ,cyprian1 ,austin1         
,chrysostom1 ,prosper1 ,gaudentius1 c4  
ut novum calamitatis inde genus viro    
existeret1 to vex and gall him worse    
quam totus infernus than all the fiends 
in hell1 as knowing the conditions of a 
bad woman4 ,jupiter non tribuit homini  
pestilentius malum1 saith ,simonides3   
better dwell with a dragon or a lion1   
than keep house with a wicked wife1     
,ecclus4 xxv4 #ah4 better dwell in a    

wilderness1 ,prov4 xxi4 #ai4 no         
wickedness like to her1 ,ecclus4 xxv4   
#bb4 ,she makes a sorry heart1 an heavy 
countenance1 a wounded mind1 weak hands1
 and feeble knees1 vers4 #be4 ,a woman  
and death are two the bitterest things  
in the world3 uxor mihi ducenda est     
hodie1 id mihi visus est dicere1 abi    
domum et suspende te4 ,ter4 ,and4 #a4   
#e4 ,and yet for all this we bachelors  
desire to be married2 with that vestal  
virgin1 we long for it1 #egfd;,felices  
nuptae6 moriar1 nisi nubere dulce est4  
',tis the sweetest thing in the world1  
,i would ,i had a wife saith he1 ,for   
fain would ,i leave a single life1 ,if  
,i could get me a good wife4  ,heigh-ho 
for a husband1 cries she1 a bad husband1
 nay1 the worst that ever was is better 
than none3 ,o blissful marriage1 ,o most
 welcome marriage1 and happy are they   
that are so coupled3 we do earnestly    
seek it1 and are never well till we have
 effected it4 ,but with what fate8 like 
those birds in the #egfe;,emblem1 that  

fed about a cage1 so long as they could 
fly away at their pleasure liked well of
 it2 but when they were taken and might 
not get loose1 though they had the same 
meat1 pined away for sullenness1 and    
would not eat4 ,so we commend marriage1 
------donec miselli liberi ,aspichmis   
dominam2 sed postquam heu janua clausa  
est1 ,fel intus est quod mel fuit3  ,so 
long as we are wooers1 may kiss and coll
 at our pleasure1 nothing is so sweet1  
we are in heaven as we think2 but when  
we are once tied1 and have lost our     
liberty1 marriage is an hell1 give me my
 yellow hose again3 a mouse in a trap   
lives as merrily1 we are in a purgatory 
some of us1 if not hell itself4 ,dulce  
bellum inexpertis1 as the proverb is1   
'tis fine talking of war1 and marriage  
sweet in contemplation1 till it be      
tried3 and then as wars are most        
dangerous1 irksome1 every minute at     
death's door1 so is1 c4 ,when those wild
 ,irish peers1 saith #egff,stanihurst1  
were feasted by king ,henry the ,second1

 7at what time he kept his ,christmas at
 ,dublin7 and had tasted of his         
prince-like cheer1 generous wines1      
dainty fare1 had seen his #egfgmassy    
plate of silver1 gold1 enamelled1 beset 
with jewels1 golden candlesticks1 goodly
 rich hangings1 brave furniture1 heard  
his trumpets sound1 fifes1 drums1 and   
his exquisite music in all kinds3 when  
they had observed his majestical        
presence as he sat in purple robes1     
crowned1 with his sceptre1 c41 in his   
royal seat1 the poor men were so amazed1
 enamoured1 and taken with the object1  
that they were pertaesi domestici et    
pristini tyrotarchi1 as weary and       
ashamed of their own sordidity and      
manner of life4 ,they would all be      
,english forthwith2 who but ,english6   
but when they had now submitted         
themselves1 and lost their former       
liberty1 they began to rebel some of    
them1 others repent of what they had    
done1 when it was too late4 ',tis so    
with us bachelors1 when we see and      

behold those sweet faces1 those gaudy   
shows that women make1 observe their    
pleasant gestures and graces1 give ear  
to their siren tunes1 see them dance1   
c41 we think their conditions are as    
fine as their faces1 we are taken1 with 
dumb signs1 in amplexum ruimus1 we rave1
 we burn1 and would fain be married4    
,but when we feel the miseries1 cares1  
woes1 that accompany it1 we make our    
moan many of us1 cry out at length and  
cannot be released4 ,if this be true    
now1 as some out of experience will     
inform us1 farewell wiving for my part1 
and as the comical poet merrily saith1  
#egfh,perdatur ille pessime qui foeminam
 ,duxit secundus1 nam nihil primo       
imprecor6 ,ignarus ut puto mali primus  
fuit4  #egfi;,foul fall him that brought
 the second match to pass1 ,the first ,i
 wish no harm1 poor man alas6 ,he knew  
not what he did1 nor what it was4  ,what
 shall ,i say to him that marries again 
and again1 #eggj,stulta maritali qui    
porrigit ora capistro1 ,i pity him not1 

for the first time he must do as he may1
 bear it out sometimes by the head and  
shoulders1 and let his next neighbour   
ride1 or else run away1 or as that      
,syracusian in a tempest1 when all      
ponderous things were to be exonerated  
out of the ship1 quia maximum pondus    
erat1 fling his wife into the sea4 ,but 
this ,i confess is comically spoken1    
#egga;and so ,i pray you take it4 ,in   
sober sadness1 #eggbmarriage is a       
bondage1 a thraldom1 a yoke1 a hindrance
 to all good enterprises1 7he hath      
married a wife and cannot come7 a stop  
to all preferments1 a rock on which many
 are saved1 many impinge and are cast   
away3 not that the thing is evil in     
itself or troublesome1 but full of all  
contentment and happiness1 one of the   
three things which please ,god1 #eggc   
when a man and his wife agree together1 
an honourable and happy estate1 who     
knows it not8 ,if they be sober1 wise1  
honest1 as the poet infers1 #eggd,si    
commodos nanciscantur amores1 ,nullum   

iis abest voluptatis genus4  ,if fitly  
match'd be man and wife1 ,no pleasure's 
wanting to their life4  ,but to         
undiscreet sensual persons1 that as     
brutes are wholly led by sense1 it is a 
feral plague1 many times a hell itself1 
and can give little or no content1 being
 that they are often so irregular and   
prodigious in their lusts1 so diverse in
 their affections4 ,uxor nomen          
dignitatis1 non voluptatis1 as #egge;he 
said1 a wife is a name of honour1 not of
 pleasure3 she is fit to bear the       
office1 govern a family1 to bring up    
children1 sit at a board's end and      
carve1 as some carnal men think and say2
 they had rather go to the stews1 or    
have now and then a snatch as they can  
come by it1 borrow of their neighbours1 
than have wives of their own2 except    
they may1 as some princes and great men 
do1 keep as many courtesans as they will
 themselves1 fly out impune1            
#eggf,permolere uxores alienas1 that    
polygamy of ,turks1 ,lex ,julia1 with   

,caesar once enforced in ,rome1 7though 
,levinus ,torrentius and others suspect 
it7 uti uxores quot et quas vellent     
liceret1 that every great man might     
marry1 and keep as many wives as he     
would1 or ,irish divorcement were in    
use3 but as it is1 'tis hard and gives  
not that satisfaction to these carnal   
men1 beastly men as too many are3       
#eggg,what still the same1 to be tied   
#egghto one1 be she never so fair1 never
 so virtuous1 is a thing they may not   
endure1 to love one long4 ,say thy      
pleasure1 and counterfeit as thou wilt1 
as #eggi,parmeno told ,thais1 ,neque tu 
uno eris contenta1 one man will never   
please thee2 nor one woman many men4    
,but as #eghj,pan replied to his father 
,mercury1 when he asked whether he was  
married1 ,nequaquam pater1 amator enim  
sum c4 ,no1 father1 no1 ,i am a lover   
still1 and cannot be contented with one 
woman4 ,pythias1 ,echo1 ,menades1 and ,i
 know not how many besides1 were his    
mistresses1 he might not abide marriage4

 ,varietas delectat1 'tis loathsome and 
tedious1 what one still8 which the      
satirist said of ,iberina1 is verified  
in most1 #egha,unus ,iberinae vir       
sufficit8 ocyus illud ,extorquebis ut   
haec oculo contenta sit uno4  ',tis not 
one man will serve her by her will1 ,as 
soon she'll have one eye as one man     
still4  ,as capable of any impression as
 materia prima itself1 that still       
desires new forms1 like the sea their   
affections ebb and flow4 ,husband is a  
cloak for some to hide their villainy2  
once married she may fly out at her     
pleasure1 the name of husband is a      
sanctuary to make all good4 ,eo ventum  
7saith ,seneca7 ut nulla virum habeat1  
nisi ut irritet adulterum4 ,they are    
right and straight1 as true ,trojans as 
mine host's daughter1 that ,spanish     
wench in #eghb;,ariosto1 as good wives  
as ,messalina4 ,many men are as constant
 in their choice1 and as good husbands  
as ,nero himself1 they must have their  
pleasure of all they see1 and are in a  

word far more fickle than any woman4    
,for either they be full of jealousy1   
,or masterfull1 or loven novelty4  ,good
 men have often ill wives1 as bad as    
,xanthippe was to ,socrates1 ,elevora to
 ,st4 ,lewis1 ,isabella to our ,edward  
the ,second2 and good wives are as often
 matched to ill husbands1 as ,mariamne  
to ,herod1 ,serena to ,diocletian1      
,theodora to ,theophilus1 and ,thyra to 
,gurmunde4 ,but ,i will say nothing of  
dissolute and bad husbands1 of bachelors
 and their vices2 their good qualities  
are a fitter subject for a just volume1 
too well known already in every village1
 town and city1 they need no blazon2 and
 lest ,i should mar any matches1 or     
dishearten loving maids1 for this       
present ,i will let them pass4 ,being   
that men and women are so irreligious1  
depraved by nature1 so wandering in     
their affections1 so brutish1 so subject
 to disagreement1 so unobservant of     
marriage rites1 what shall ,i say8 ,if  
thou beest such a one1 or thou light on 

such a wife1 what concord can there be1 
what hope of agreement8 'tis not        
conjugium but conjurgium1 as the ,reed  
and ,fern in the #eghc;,emblem1 averse  
and opposite in nature3 'tis twenty to  
one thou wilt not marry to thy          
contentment3 but as in a lottery forty  
blanks were drawn commonly for one      
prize1 out of a multitude you shall     
hardly choose a good one3 a small ease  
hence then1 little comfort1 #eghd,nec   
integrum unquam transiges laetus diem4  
,if he or she be such a one1 ,thou hadst
 much better be alone4  ,if she be      
barren1 she is not--c4 ,if she have     
#eghe;children1 and thy state be not    
good1 though thou be wary and           
circumspect1 thy charge will undo       
thee1--foecunda domum tibi prole        
gravabit1 #eghfthou wilt not be able to 
bring them up1 #eghg;and what greater   
misery can there be than to beget       
children1 to whom thou canst leave no   
other inheritance but hunger and thirst8
 #eghh;cum fames dominatur1 strident    

voces rogantium panem1 penetrantes      
patris cor3 what so grievous as to turn 
them up to the wide world1 to shift for 
themselves8 ,no plague like to want3 and
 when thou hast good means1 and art very
 careful of their education1 they will  
not be ruled4 ,think but of that old    
proverb1   1 heroum filii noxae1 great  
men's sons seldom do well2 ,o utinam aut
 coelebs mansissem1 aut prole carerem6  
would that ,i had either remained       
single1 or not had children1            
#eghi;,augustus exclaims in ,suetonius4 
,jacob had his ,reuben1 ,simeon and     
,levi2 ,david an ,amnon1 an ,absalom1   
,adoniah2 wise men's sons are commonly  
fools1 insomuch that ,spartian          
concludes1 ,neminem prope magnorum      
virorum optimum et utilem reliquisse    
filium3 #egijthey had been much better  
to have been childless4 ',tis too common
 in the middle sort2 thy son's a        
drunkard1 a gamester1 a spendthrift2 thy
 daughter a fool1 a whore2 thy servants 
lazy drones and thieves2 thy neighbours 

devils1 they will make thee weary of thy
 life4 #egia;,if thy wife be froward1   
when she may not have her will1 thou    
hadst better be buried alive2 she will  
be so impatient1 raving still1 and      
roaring like ,juno in the tragedy1      
there's nothing but tempests1 all is in 
an uproar4 ,if she be soft and foolish1 
thou wert better have a block1 she will 
shame thee and reveal thy secrets2 if   
wise and learned1 well qualified1 there 
is as much danger on the other side1    
mulierem doctam ducere periculosissimum1
 saith ,nevisanus1 she will be too      
insolent and peevish1 #egib,malo        
,venusinam quam te ,cornelia mater4     
,take heed2 if she be a slut1 thou wilt 
loathe her2 if proud1 she'll beggar     
thee1 so #egicshe'll spend thy patrimony
 in baubles1 all ,arabia will not serve 
to perfume her hair1 saith ,lucian2 if  
fair and wanton1 she'll make thee a     
cornuto2 if deformed1 she will paint4   
#egid;,if her face be filthy by nature1 
she will mend it by art1 alienis et     

adscititiis imposturis1 which who can   
endure8 ,if she do not paint1 she will  
look so filthy1 thou canst not love her1
 and that peradventure will make thee   
dishonest4 ,cromerus lib4 #ab4 hist41   
relates of ,casimirus1#egiethat he was  
unchaste1 because his wife ,aleida1 the 
daughter of ,henry1 ,landgrave of       
,hesse1 was so deformed4 ,if she be     
poor1 she brings beggary with her 7saith
 ,nevisanus71 misery and discontent4 ,if
 you marry a maid1 it is uncertain how  
she proves1 ,haec forsan veniet non     
satis apta tibi4 #egif;,if young1 she is
 likely wanton and untaught2 if lusty1  
too lascivious2 and if she be not       
satisfied1 you know where and when1 nil 
nisi jurgia1 all is in an uproar1 and   
there is little quietness to be had2 ,if
 an old maid1 'tis a hazard she dies in 
childbed2 if a #egigrich widow1 induces 
te in laqueum1 thou dost halter thyself1
 she will make all away beforehand1 to  
her other children1 c4--#egih;dominam   
quis possit ferre tonantem8 she will hit

 thee still in the teeth with her first 
husband2 if a young widow1 she is often 
insatiable and immodest4 ,if she be     
rich1 well descended1 bring a great     
dowry1 or be nobly allied1 thy wife's   
friends will eat thee out of house and  
home1 dives ruinam aedibus inducit1 she 
will be so proud1 so high-minded1 so    
imperious4 ,for--nihil est magis        
intolerabile dite1 there's nothing so   
intolerable1 thou shalt be as the tassel
 of a goshawk1 #egiishe will ride upon  
thee1 domineer as she list1 wear the    
breeches in her oligarchical government1
 and beggar thee besides4 ,uxores       
divites servitutem exigunt 7as ,seneca  
hits them1 declam4 lib4 #b4 declam4     
#f47--;,dotem accepi imperium perdidi4  
,they will have sovereignty1 pro conjuge
 dominam arcessis1 they will have       
attendance1 they will do what they list4
 #ehjj;,in taking a dowry thou losest   
thy liberty1 dos intrat1 libertas exit1 
hazardest thine estate4 ,hae sunt atque 
aliae multae in magnis dotibus          

,incommoditates1 sumptusque             
intolerabiles1 c4  with many such       
inconveniences3 say the best1 she is a  
commanding servant2 thou hadst better   
have taken a good housewife maid in her 
smock4 ,since then there is such hazard1
 if thou be wise keep thyself as thou   
art1 'tis good to match1 much better to 
be free4 #ehja--procreare liberos       
lepidissimum4 ,hercle vero liberum esse1
 id multo est lepidius4  #ehjb;,art thou
 young8 then match not yet2 if old1     
match not at all4 ,vis juvenis nubere8  
nondum venit tempus4 ,ingravescente     
aetate jam tempus praeteriit4  ,and     
therefore1 with that philosopher1 still 
make answer to thy friends that         
importune thee to marry1 adhuc          
intempestivum1 'tis yet unseasonable1   
and ever will be4 ,consider withal how  
free1 how happy1 how secure1 how        
heavenly1 in respect1 a single man is1  
#ehjc;as he said in the comedy1 ,et isti
 quod fortunatum esse autumant1 uxorem  
nunquam habui1 and that which all my    

neighbours admire and applaud me for1   
account so great a happiness1 ,i never  
had a wife2 consider how contentedly1   
quietly1 neatly1 plentifully1 sweetly1  
and how merrily he lives6 he hath no man
 to care for but himself1 none to       
please1 no charge1 none to control him1 
is tied to no residence1 no cure to     
serve1 may go and come1 when1 whither1  
live where he will1 his own master1 and 
do what he list himself4 ,consider the  
excellency of virgins1 #ehjd ,virgo     
coelum meruit1 marriage replenisheth the
 earth1 but virginity ,paradise2 ,elias1
 ,eliseus1 ,john ,baptist1 were         
bachelors3 virginity is a precious      
jewel1 a fair garland1 a never-fading   
flower2 #ehje;for why was ,daphne turned
 to a green bay-tree1 but to show that  
virginity is immortal8 #ehjf,ut flos in 
septis secretus nascitur hortis1        
,ignotus pecori1 nullo contusus aratro1 
,quam mulcent aurae1 firmat sol1 educat 
imber1 c4 ,sic virgo dum intacta manet1 
dum chara suis1 sed ,cum ,castum amisit1

 c4------  ,virginity is a fine picture1
 as #ehjg;,bonaventure calls it1 a      
blessed thing in itself1 and if you will
 believe a ,papist1 meritorious4 ,and   
although there be some inconveniences1  
irksomeness1 solitariness1 c41 incident 
to such persons1 want of those comforts1
 quae1 aegro assideat et curet aegrotum1
 fomentum paret1 roget medicum1 c41     
embracing1 dalliance1 kissing1 colling1 
c41 those furious motives and wanton    
pleasures a new-married wife most part  
enjoys2 yet they are but toys in        
respect1 easily to be endured1 if       
conferred to those frequent encumbrances
 of marriage4 ,solitariness may be      
otherwise avoided with mirth1 music1    
good company1 business1 employment2 in a
 word1 #ehjh;,gaudebit minus1 et minus  
dolebit2 for their good nights1 he shall
 have good days4 ,and methinks some time
 or other1 amongst so many rich         
bachelors1 a benefactor should be found 
to build a monastical college for old1  
decayed1 deformed1 or discontented maids

 to live together in1 that have lost    
their first loves1 or otherwise         
miscarried1 or else are willing         
howsoever to lead a single life4 ,the   
rest ,i say are toys in respect1 and    
sufficiently recompensed by those       
innumerable contents and incomparable   
privileges of virginity4 ,think of these
 things1 confer both lives1 and consider
 last of all these commodious           
prerogatives a bachelor hath1 how well  
he is esteemed1 how heartily welcome to 
all his friends1 quam mentitis          
obsequiis1 as ,tertullian observes1 with
 what counterfeit courtesies they will  
adore him1 follow him1 present him with 
gifts1 humatis donis2 it cannot be      
believed 7saith #ehji;,ammianus7 with   
what humble service he shall be         
worshipped1 how loved and respected3 ,if
 he want children1 7and have means7 he  
shall be often invited1 attended on by  
princes1 and have advocates to plead his
 cause for nothing1 as #ehaj ,plutarch  
adds4 ,wilt thou then be reverenced1 and

 had in estimation8 #ehaa------;dominus 
tamen et domini rex ,si tu vis fieri1   
nullus tibi parvulus aula4 ,luserit     
,aeneas1 nec filia dulcior illa8        
,jucundum et charum sterilis facit uxor 
amicum4  ,live a single man1 marry not1 
and thou shalt soon perceive how those  
,haeredipetae 7for so they were called  
of old7 will seek after thee1 bribe and 
flatter thee for thy favour1 to be thine
 heir or executor3 ,aruntius and        
,aterius1 those famous parasites in this
 kind1 as ,tacitus and #ehab,seneca have
 recorded1 shall not go beyond them4    
,periplectomines1 that good personate   
old man1 delicium senis1 well understood
 this in ,plautus3 for when ,pleusides  
exhorted him to marry that he might have
 children of his own1 he readily replied
 in this sort1 ,quando habeo multos     
cognatos1 quid opus mihi sit liberis8   
,nunc bene vivo et fortunate1 atque     
animo ut lubet4 ,mea bona mea morte     
cognatis dicam interpartiant4 ,illi apud
 me edunt1 me curant1 visunt quid agam1 

ecquid velim1 ,qui mihi mittunt munera1 
ad prandium1 ad coenam vocant4  ,whilst 
,i have kin1 what need ,i brats to have8
 ,now ,i live well1 and as ,i will1 most
 brave4 ,and when ,i die1 my goods ,i'll
 give away ,to them that do invite me   
every day4 ,that visit me1 and send me  
pretty toys1 ,and strive who shall do me
 most courtesies4  ,this respect thou   
shalt have in like manner1 living as he 
did1 a single man4 ,but if thou marry   
once1 #ehac;cogitato in omni vita te    
servum fore1 bethink thyself what a     
slavery it is1 what a heavy burden thou 
shalt undertake1 how hard a task thou   
art tied to1 7for as ,hierome hath it1  
qui uxorem habet1 debitor est1 et uxoris
 servus alligatus17 and how continuate1 
what squalor attends it1 what           
irksomeness1 what charges1 for wife and 
children are a perpetual bill of        
charges2 besides a myriad of cares1     
miseries1 and troubles2 for as that     
comical ,plautus merrily and truly said1
 he that wants trouble1 must get to be  

master of a ship1 or marry a wife2 and  
as another seconds him1 wife and        
children have undone me2 so many and    
such infinite encumbrances accompany    
this kind of life4 ,furthermore1 uxor   
intumuit1 c41 or as he said in the      
comedy1 #ehad;,duxi uxorem1 quam ibi    
miseriam vidi1 nati filii1 alia cura4   
,all gifts and invitations cease1 no    
friend will esteem thee1 and thou shalt 
be compelled to lament thy misery1 and  
make thy moan with #ehae;,bartholomeus  
,scheraeus1 that famous poet laureate1  
and professor of ,hebrew in ,wittenberg3
 ,i had finished this work long since1  
but that inter alia dura et tristia quae
 misero mihi pene tergum fregerunt1 7,i 
use his own words7 amongst many miseries
 which almost broke my back1  ob        
,xantipismum1 a shrew to my wife        
tormented my mind above measure1 and    
beyond the rest4 ,so shalt thou be      
compelled to complain1 and to cry out at
 last1 with #ehaf,phoroneus the lawyer1 
,how happy had ,i been1 if ,i had wanted

 a wife6 ,if this which ,i have said    
will not suffice1 see more in ,lemnius  
lib4 #d4 cap4 #ac4 de occult4 nat4 mir4 
,espencaeus de continentia1 lib4 #f4    
cap4 #h4 ,kornman de virginitate1       
,platina in ,amor4 dial4 ,practica artis
 amandi1 ,barbarus de re uxoria1        
,arnisaeus in polit4 cap4 #c4 and him   
that is instar omnium1 ,nevisanus the   
lawyer1 ,sylva nuptial1 almost in every 
page4  ,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,philters1     
,magical and ,poetical ,cures4  ,where  
persuasions and other remedies will not 
take place1 many fly to unlawful means1 
philters1 amulets1 magic spells1        
ligatures1 characters1 charms1 which as 
a wound with the spear of ,achilles1 if 
so made and caused1 must so be cured4   
,if forced by spells and philters1 saith
 ,paracelsus1 it must be eased by       
characters1 ,mag4 lib4 #b4 cap #bh4 and 
by incantations4 ,fernelius ,path4 lib4 
#f4 cap4 #ac4 #ehag,skenkius lib4 #d4   
observ4 med4 hath some examples of such 
as have been so magically caused1 and   

magically cured1 and by witchcraft3 so  
saith ,baptista ,codronchus1 lib4 #c4   
cap4 #i4 de mor4 ven4 ,malleus malef4   
cap4 #f4 ',tis not permitted to be done1
 ,i confess2 yet often attempted3 see   
more in ,wierus lib4 #c4 cap4 #ah4 de   
praestig4 de remediis per philtra4      
,delrio tom4 #b4 lib4 #b4 quaest4 #c4   
sect4 #c4 disquisit4 magic4 ,cardan lib4
 #af4 cap4 #ij4 reckons up many         
magnetical medicines1 as to piss through
 a ring1 c4 ,mizaldus cent4 #c4 #cj1    
,baptista ,porta1 ,jason ,pratensis1    
,lobelius pag4 #hg1 ,matthiolus1 c41    
prescribe many absurd remedies4 ,radix  
mandragora ebibitae1 ,annuli ex ungulis 
,asini1 ,stercus amatae sub cervical    
positum1 illa nesciente1 c41 quum odorem
 foeditatis sentit1 amor solvitur4      
,noctuae ocum abstemios facit comestum1 
ex consilio ,jarthae ,indorum           
gymnosophistae apud ,philostratum lib4  
#c4 ,sanguis amasiae1 ebibitus omnem    
amoris sensum tollit3 ,faustinam ,marci 
,aurelii uxorem1 gladiatoris amore      

captam1 ita penitus consilio            
,chaldaeorum liberatam1 refert ,julius  
,capitolinus4 ,some of our astrologers  
will effect as much by characteristical 
images1 ex sigillis ,hermetis1          
,salomonis1 ,chaelis1 c4 mulieris imago 
habentis crines sparsos1 c4 ,our old    
poets and fantastical writers have many 
fabulous remedies for such as are       
lovesick1 as that of ,protesilaus' tomb 
in ,philostratus1 in his dialogue       
between ,phoenix and ,vinitor3 ,vinitor1
 upon occasion discoursing of the rare  
virtues of that shrine1 telleth him that
 ,protesilaus' altar and tomb           
#ehah;cures almost all manner of        
diseases1 consumptions1 dropsies1       
quartan-agues1 sore eyes3 and amongst   
the rest1 such as are lovesick shall    
there be helped4 ,but the most famous is
 #ehai,leucata ,petra1 that renowned    
rock in ,greece1 of which ,strabo       
writes1 ,geog4 lib4 #aj4 not far from   
,st4 ,maures1 saith ,sands1 lib4 #a4    
from which rock if any lover flung      

himself down headlong1 he was instantly 
cured4 ,venus after the death of        
,adonis1 when she could take no rest for
 love1 #ehbj;,cum vesana suas torreret  
flamma medullas1 came to the temple of  
,apollo to know what she should do to be
 eased of her pain3 ,apollo sent her to 
,leucata ,petra1 where she precipitated 
herself1 and was forthwith freed2 and   
when she would needs know of him a      
reason of it1 he told her again1 that he
 had often observed #ehba;,jupiter1 when
 he was enamoured on ,juno1 thither go  
to ease and wash himself1 and after him 
divers others4 ,cephalus for the love of
 ,protela1 ,degonetus' daughter1 leaped 
down here1 that ,lesbian ,sappho for    
,phaon1 on whom she miserably doted4    
#ehbb;,cupidinis aestro percita e summo 
praeceps ruit1 hoping thus to ease      
herself1 and to be freed of her love    
pangs4 #ehbc;,hic se ,deucalion ,pyrrhae
 suecensus amore ,mersit1 et illaeso    
corpore pressit aquas4 ,nec mora1 fugit 
amor1 c4------  ,hither ,deucalion came1

 when ,pyrrha's love ,tormented him1 and
 leapt down to the sea1 ,and had no harm
 at all1 but by and by ,his love was    
gone and chased quite away4  ,this      
medicine ,jos4 ,scaliger speaks of1     
,ausoniarum lectionum lib4 #ah4 ,salmutz
 in ,pancirol4 de #g4 mundi mirac4 and  
other writers4 ,pliny reports1 that     
amongst the ,cyzeni1 there is a well    
consecrated to ,cupid1 of which if any  
lover taste1 his passion is mitigated3  
and ,anthony ,verdurius ,imag4 deorum de
 ,cupid4 saith1 that amongst the        
ancients there was #ehbd;,amor ,lethes1 
he took burning torches1 and            
extinguished them in the river2 his     
statute was to be seen in the temple of 
,venus ,eleusina1 of which ,ovid makes  
mention1 and saith that all lovers of   
old went thither on pilgrimage1 that    
would be rid of their love-pangs4       
,pausanias1 in #ehbe ,phocicis1 writes  
of a temple dedicated ,veneri in        
spelunca1 to ,venus in the vault1 at    
,naupactus in ,achaia 7now ,lepanto7 in 

which your widows that would have second
 husbands1 made their supplications to  
the goddess2 all manner of suits        
concerning lovers were commenced1 and   
their grievances helped4 ,the same      
author1 in ,achaicis1 tells as much of  
the river #ehbf ,senelus in ,greece2 if 
any lover washed himself in it1 by a    
secret virtue of that water1 7by reason 
of the extreme coldness belike7 he was  
healed1 of love's torments1             
#ehbg;,amoris vulnus idem qui sanat     
facit2 which if it be so1 that water1 as
 he holds1 is omni auro pretiosior1     
better than any gold4 ,where none of all
 these remedies will take place1 ,i know
 no other but that all lovers must make 
a head and rebel1 as they did in        
#ehbh;,ausonius1 and crucify ,cupid till
 he grant their request1 or satisfy     
their desires4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,the    
last and best ,cure of                  
,love-,melancholy1 is to let them have  
their ,desire4  ,the last refuge and    
surest remedy1 to be put in practice in 

the utmost place1 when no other means   
will take effect1 is to let them go     
together1 and enjoy one another3        
potissima cura est ut heros amasia sua  
potiatur1 saith ,guianerius1 cap4 #ae4  
tract4 #ae4 ,aesculapius himself1 to    
this malady1 cannot invent a better     
remedy1 quam ut amanti cedat amatum1    
#ehbi7;,jason ,pratensis7 than that a   
lover have his desire4 ,et pariter      
torulo bini jungantur in uno1 ,et       
pulchro detur ,aeneae ,lavinia conjux4  
,and let them both be joined in a bed1  
,and let ,aeneas fair ,lavinia wed2     
',tis the special cure1 to let them     
bleed in vena ,hymencaea1 for love is a 
pleurisy1 and if it be possible1 so let 
it be1--optataque gaudia carpant4       
#ehcj;,arculanus holds it the speediest 
and the best cure1 'tis ,savanarola's   
#ehcalast precept1 a principal          
infallible remedy1 the last1 sole1 and  
safest refuge4 #ehcb;,julia sola poles  
nostras extinguere flammas1 ,non nive1  
nun glacie1 sed potes igne pari4  ,julia

 alone can quench my desire1 ,with      
neither ice nor snow1 but with like     
fire4  ,when you have all done1 saith   
#ehcc;,avicenna1 there is no speedier or
 safer course1 than to join the parties 
together according to their desires and 
wishes1 the custom and form of law2 and 
so we have seen him quickly restored to 
his former health1 that was languished  
away to skin and bones2 after his desire
 was satisfied1 his discontent ceased1  
and we thought it strange2 our opinion  
is therefore that in such cases nature  
is to be obeyed4 ,areteus1 an old       
author1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4 hath an       
instance of a young man1 #ehcdwhen no   
other means could prevail1 was so       
speedily relieved4 ,what remains then   
but to join them in marriage8 #ehce,tunc
 et basia morsiunculasque ,surreptim    
dare1 mutuos fovere ,amplexus licet1 et 
licet jocari2  they may then kiss and   
coll1 lie and look babies in one        
another's eyes1 as heir sires before    
them did1 they may then satiate         

themselves with love's pleasures1 which 
they have so long wished and expected2  
,atque uno simul in toro quiescant1     
,conjuncto simul ore suavientur1 ,et    
somnos agitent quiete in una4  ,yea1 but
 hic labor1 hoc opus1 this cannot       
conveniently be done1 by reason of many 
and several impediments4 ,sometimes both
 parties themselves are not agreed3     
parents1 tutors1 masters1 guardians1    
will not give consent2 laws1 customs1   
statutes hinder3 poverty1 superstition1 
fear and suspicion3 many men dote on one
 woman1 semel et simul3 she dotes as    
much on him1 or them1 and in modesty    
must not1 cannot woo1 as unwilling to   
confess as willing to love3 she dare not
 make it known1 show her affection1 or  
speak her mind4 ,and hard is the choice 
7as it is in ,euphues7 when one is      
compelled either by silence to die with 
grief1 or by speaking to live with      
shame4 ,in this case almost was the fair
 lady ,elizabeth1 ,edward the ,fourth   
his daughter1 when she was enamoured on 

,henry the ,seventh1 that noble young   
prince1 and new saluted king1 when she  
broke forth into that passionate speech1
 #ehcf ,o that ,i were worthy of that   
comely prince6 but my father being dead1
 ,i want friends to motion such a       
matter6 ,what shall ,i say8 ,i am all   
alone1 and dare not open my mind to any4
 ,what if ,i acquaint my mother with it8
 bashfulness forbids4 ,what if some of  
the lords8 audacity wants4 ,o that ,i   
might but confer with him1 perhaps in   
discourse ,i might let slip such a word 
that might discover mine intention6 ,how
 many modest maids may this concern1 ,i 
am a poor servant1 what shall ,i do8 ,i 
am a fatherless child1 and want means1  
,i am blithe and buxom1 young and lusty1
 but ,i have never a suitor1 ,expectant 
stolidi ut ego illos rogatum veniam1 as 
#ehcgshe said1 ,a company of silly      
fellows look belike that ,i should woo  
them and speak first3 fain they would   
and cannot woo1--#ehchquae primum       
exordia sumam8 being merely passive they

 may not make suit1 with many such lets 
and inconveniences1 which ,i know not2  
what shall we do in such a case8 sing   
,fortune my foe8------ ,some are so     
curious in this behalf1 as those old    
,romans1 our modern ,venetians1 ,dutch  
and ,french1 that if two parties clearly
 love1 the one noble1 the other ignoble1
 they may not by their laws match1      
though equal otherwise in years1        
fortunes1 education1 and all good       
affection4 ,in ,germany1 except they can
 prove their gentility by three         
descents1 they scorn to match with them4
 ,a nobleman must marry a noblewoman3 a 
baron1 a baron's daughter2 a knight1 a  
knight's2 a gentleman1 a gentleman's3 as
 slaters sort their slates1 do they     
degrees and families4 ,if she be never  
so rich1 fair1 well qualified otherwise1
 they will make him forsake her4 ,the   
,spaniards abhor all widows2 the ,turks 
repute them old women1 if past          
five-and-twenty4 ,but these are too     
severe laws1 and strict customs1 dandum 

aliquid amori1 we are all the sons of   
,adam1 'tis opposite to nature1 it ought
 not to be so4 ,again3 he loves her most
 impotently1 she loves not him1 and so e
 contra4 #ehci,pan loved ,echo1 ,echo   
,satyrus1 ,satyrus ,lyda4 ,quantum      
ipsorum aliquis amantem oderat1 ,tantum 
ipsius amans odiosus erat4  ,they love  
and loathe of all sorts1 he loves her1  
she hates him2 and is loathed of him1 on
 whom she dotes4 ,cupid hath two darts1 
one to force love1 all of gold1 and that
 sharp1--#ehdj,quod facit auratum est2  
another blunt1 of lead1 and that to     
hinder2--fugat hoc1 facit illud amorem1 
this dispels1 that creates love4 ,this  
we see too often verified in our common 
experience4 #ehda;,choresus dearly loved
 that virgin ,callyrrhoe2 but the more  
he loved her1 the more she hated him4   
,oenone loved ,paris1 but he rejected   
her3 they are stiff of all sides1 as if 
beauty were therefore created to undo1  
or be undone4 ,i give her all           
attendance1 all observance1 ,i pray and 

intreat1 #ehdb;,alma precor miserere    
mei1 fair mistress pity me1 ,i spend    
myself1 my time1 friends and fortunes1  
to win her favour1 7as he complains in  
the #ehdc;,eclogue17 ,i lament1 sigh1   
weep1 and make my moan to her1 but she  
is hard as flint1--cautibus ,ismariis   
immotior--as fair and hard as a diamond1
 she will not respect1 ,despectus tibi  
sum1 or hear me1 #ehdd------;fugit illa 
vocantem ,nil lachrymas miserata meas1  
nil flexa querelis4  ,what shall ,i do8 
,i wooed her as a young man should do1  
,but sir1 she said1 ,i love not you4    
#ehde;,durior at scopulis mea ,coelia1  
marmore1 ferro1 ,robore1 rupe1 antro1   
cornu1 adamante1 gelu4  ,rock1 marble1  
heart of oak with iron barr'd1 ,frost1  
flint or adamants1 are not so hard4  ,i 
give1 ,i bribe1 ,i send presents1 but   
they are refused4 #ehdf,rusticus est    
,coridon1 nec munera curat ,alexis4 ,i  
protest1 ,i swear1 ,i weep1 #ehdg       
------odioque rependit amores1 ,irrisu  
lachrymas------  ,she neglects me for   

all this1 she derides me1 contemns me1  
she hates me1 ,phillida flouts me3      
,caute1 feris1 quercu durior ,eurydice1 
stiff1 churlish1 rocky still4 ,and 'tis 
most true1 many gentlewomen are so nice1
 they scorn all suitors1 crucify their  
poor paramours1 and think nobody good   
enough for them1 as dainty to please as 
,daphne herself4 #ehdh,multi illum      
petiere1 illa aspernate petentes1 ,nec  
quid ,hymen1 quid amor1 quid sint       
connubia curat4  ,many did woo her1 but 
she scorn'd them still1 ,and said she   
would not marry by her will4  ,one while
 they will not marry1 as they say at    
least1 7when as they intend nothing     
less7 another while not yet1 when 'tis  
their only desire1 they rave upon it4   
,she will marry at last1 but not him3 he
 is a proper man indeed1 and well       
qualified1 but he wants means3 another  
of her suitors hath good means1 but he  
wants wit2 one is too old1 another too  
young1 too deformed1 she likes not his  
carriage3 a third too loosely given1 he 

is rich1 but base born3 she will be a   
gentlewoman1 a lady1 as her sister is1  
as her mother is3 she is all out as     
fair1 as well brought up1 hath as good a
 portion1 and she looks for as good a   
match1 as ,matilda or ,dorinda3 if not1 
she is resolved as yet to tarry1 so apt 
are young maids to boggle at every      
object1 so soon won or lost with every  
toy1 so quickly diverted1 so hard to be 
pleased4 ,in the meantime1 quot torsit  
amantes8 one suitor pines away1         
languisheth in love1 mori quot denique  
cogit6 another sighs and grieves1 she   
cares not3 and which #ehdi,siroza       
objected to ,ariadne1  ,nec magis       
,euryali gemitu1 lacrymisque moveris1   
,quam prece turbati flectitur ora sati4 
,tu juvenem1 quo non formosior alter in 
urbe1 ,spernis1 et insano cogis amore   
mori4   ,is no more mov'd with those sad
 sighs and tears1 ,of her sweetheart1   
than raging sea with prayers3 ,thou     
scorn'st the fairest youth in all our   
city1 ,and mak'st him almost mad for    

love to die3  ,they take a pride to     
prank up themselves1 to make young men4 
enamoured1-- #ehej;captare viros et     
spernere capias1 to dote on them1 and to
 run mad for their sakes1 #ehea------sed
 nullis illa movetur ,fletibus1 aut     
voces ullas tractabilis audit4  ,whilst 
niggardly their favours they discover1  
,they love to be belov'd1 yet scorn the 
lover4  ,all suit and service is too    
little for them1 presents too base3     
,tormentis gaudet amantis--et spoliis4  
,as ,atalanta they must be overrun1 or  
not won4 ,many young men are as         
obstinate1 and as curious in their      
choice1 as tyrannically proud1          
insulting1 deceitful1 false-hearted1 as 
irrefragable and peevish on the other   
side2 ,narcissus-like1 #eheb,multi illum
 juvenes1 multae petiere puellae1 ,sed  
fuit in tenera tam dira superbia forma1 
,nulli illum juvenes1 nullas petiere    
puellae4  ,young men and maids did to   
him sue1 ,but in his youth1 so proud1 so
 coy was he1 ,young men and maids bade  

him adieu4  ,echo wept and wooed him by 
all means above the rest1 ,love me for  
pity1 or pity me for love1 but he was   
obstinate1 ,ante ait emoriar quam sit   
tibi copia nostri1 he would rather die  
than give consent4 ,psyche ran whining  
after ,cupid1 #ehec;,formosum tua te    
,psyche formosa requirit1 ,et poscit te 
dia deum1 puerumque puella2  ,fair      
,cupid1 thy fair ,psyche to thee sues1  
,a lovely lass a fine young gallant     
woos2  but he rejected her nevertheless4
 ,thus many lovers do hold out so long1 
doting on themselves1 stand in their own
 light1 till in the end they come to be 
scorned and rejected1 as ,stroza's      
,gargiliana was1 ,te juvenes1 te odere  
senes1 desertaque langues1 ,quae fueras 
procerum publica cura prius4  ,both     
young and old do hate thee scorned now1 
,that once was all their joy and comfort
 too4  ,as ,narcissus was himself1      
------,who despising many4 ,died ere he 
could enjoy the love of any4  ,they     
begin to be contemned themselves of     

others1 as he was of his shadow1 and    
take up with a poor curate1 or an old   
serving-man at last1 that might have had
 their choice of right good matches in  
their youth2 like that generous mare1 in
 #ehed,plutarch1 which would admit of   
none but great horses1 but when her tail
 was cut off and mane shorn close1 and  
she now saw herself so deformed in the  
water1 when she came to drink1 ab asino 
conscendi se passa1 she was contented at
 last to be covered by an ass4 ,yet this
 is a common humour1 will not be left1  
and cannot be helped4 #ehee;,hanc volo  
quae non vult1 illam quae vult ego nolo3
 ,vincere vult animos1 non satiare      
,venus4  ,i love a maid1 she loves me   
not3 full fain ,she would have me1 but  
,i not her again2 ,so love to crucify   
men's souls is bent3 ,but seldom doth it
 please or give consent4  ,their love   
danceth in a ring1 and ,cupid hunts them
 round about2 he dotes1 is doted on     
again4 ,dumque petit petitur1 pariterque
 accedit et ardet1 their affection      

cannot be reconciled4 ,oftentimes they  
may and will not1 'tis their own foolish
 proceedings that mars all1 they are too
 distrustful of themselves1 too soon    
dejected3 say she be rich1 thou poor3   
she young1 thou old2 she lovely and     
fair1 thou most ill-favoured and        
deformed2 she noble1 thou base3 she     
spruce and fine1 but thou an ugly clown3
 nil desperandum1 there's hope enough   
yet3 ,mopso ,nisa datur1 quid non       
speremus amantes8 ,put thyself forward  
once more1 as unlikely matches have been
 and are daily made1 see what will be   
the event4 ,many leave roses and gather 
thistles1 loathe honey and love         
verjuice3 our likings are as various as 
our palates4 ,but commonly they omit    
opportunities1 oscula qui sumpsit1 c41  
they neglect the usual means and times4 
,he that will not when he may1 ,when he 
will he shall have nay4  ,they look to  
be wooed1 sought after1 and sued to4    
,most part they will and cannot1 either 
for the above-named reasons1 or for that

 there is a multitude of suitors equally
 enamoured1 doting all alike2 and where 
one alone must speed1 what shall become 
of the rest8 ,hero was beloved of many1 
but one did enjoy her2 ,penelope had a  
company of suitors1 yet all missed of   
their aim4 ,in such cases he or they    
must wisely and warily unwind           
themselves1 unsettle his affections by  
those rules above prescribed1--         
#ehefquin stultos excutit ignes1 divert 
his cogitations1 or else bravely bear it
 out1 as ,turnus did1 ,tua sit ,lavinia 
conjux1 when he could not get her1 with 
a kind of heroical scorn he bid ,aeneas 
take her1 or with a milder farewell1 let
 her go4 ,et ,phillida solus habeto1    
,take her to you1 ,god give you joy1    
sir4 ,the fox in the emblem would eat no
 grapes1 but why8 because he could not  
get them2 care not then for that which  
may not be had4 ,many such              
inconveniences1 lets1 and hindrances    
there are1 which cross their projects   
and crucify poor lovers1 which sometimes

 may1 sometimes again cannot be so      
easily removed4 ,but put case they be   
reconciled all1 agreed hitherto1 suppose
 this love or good liking be between two
 alone1 both parties well pleased1 there
 is mutuus amor1 mutual love and great  
affection2 yet their parents1 guardians1
 tutors1 cannot agree1 thence all is    
dashed1 the match is unequal3 one rich1 
another poor3 durus pater1 a            
hard-hearted1 unnatural1 a covetous     
father will not marry his son1 except he
 have so much money1 ita in aurum omnes 
insaniunt1 as #eheg;,chrysostom notes1  
nor join his daughter in marriage1 to   
save her dowry1 or for that he cannot   
spare her for the service she doth him1 
and is resolved to part with nothing    
whilst he lives1 not a penny1 though he 
may peradventure well give it1 he will  
not till he dies1 and then as a pot of  
money broke1 it is divided amongst them 
that gaped after it so earnestly4 ,or   
else he wants means to set her out1 he  
hath no money1 and though it be to the  

manifest prejudice of her body and      
soul's health1 he cares not1 he will    
take no notice of it1 she must and shall
 tarry4 ,many slack and careless        
parents1 iniqui patres1 measure their   
children's affections by their own1 they
 are now cold and decrepit themselves1  
past all such youthful conceits1 and    
they will therefore starve their        
children's genus1 have them a pueris    
#eheh illico nasci senes1 they must not 
marry1 nec earum affines esse rerum quas
 secum fert adolescentia3 ex sua        
libidine moderatur quae est nunc1 non   
quae olim fuit3 as he said in the       
comedy3 they will stifle nature1 their  
young bloods must not participate of    
youthful pleasures1 but be as they are  
themselves old on a sudden4 ,and 'tis a 
general fault amongst most parents in   
bestowing of their children1 the father 
wholly respects wealth1 when through his
 folly1 riot1 indiscretion1 he hath     
embezzled his estate1 to recover        
himself1 he confines and prostitutes his

 eldest son's love and affection to some
 fool1 or ancient1 or deformed piece for
 money4 #ehei,phanaretae ducet filiam1  
rufam1 illam virginem1 ,caesiam1 sparso 
ore1 adunco naso------  and though his  
son utterly dislike1 with ,clitipho in  
the comedy1 ,non possum pater3 ,if she  
be rich1 ,eia 7he replies7 ut elegans   
est1 credas animum ibi esse8 he must and
 shall have her1 she is fair enough1    
young enough1 if he look or hope to     
inherit his lands1 he shall marry1 not  
when or whom he loves1 ,arconidis hujus 
filiam1 but whom his father commands1   
when and where he likes1 his affection  
must dance attendance upon him4 ,his    
daughter is in the same predicament     
forsooth1 as an empty boat1 she must    
carry what1 where1 when1 and whom her   
father will4 ,so that in these          
businesses the father is still for the  
best advantage2 now the mother respects 
good kindred1 must part the son a proper
 woman4 ,all which #ehfj ,livy          
exemplifies1 dec4 #a4 lib4 #d4 a        

gentleman and a yeoman wooed a wench in 
,rome 7contrary to that statute that the
 gentry and commonalty must not match   
together72 the matter was controverted3 
the gentleman was preferred by the      
mother's voice1 quae quam splendissimis 
nuptiis jungi puellam volebat3 the      
overseers stood for him that was most   
worth1 c4 ,but parents ought not to be  
so strict in this behalf1 beauty is a   
dowry of itself all sufficient1         
#ehfa,virgo formosa1 etsi oppido pauper1
 abunde dotata est1 #ehfb,rachel was so 
married to ,jacob1 and ,bonaventure1    
#ehfc;in #d4 sent1 denies that he so    
much as venially sins1 that marries a   
maid for comeliness of person4 ,the     
,jews1 ,deut4 xxi4 #aa1 if they saw     
amongst the captives a beautiful woman1 
some small circumstances observed1 might
 take her to wife4 ,they should not be  
too severe in that kind1 especially if  
there be no such urgent occasion1 or    
grievous impediment4 ',tis good for a   
commonwealth4 #ehfd,plato holds1 that in

 their contracts young men should never 
avoid the affinity of poor folks1 or    
seek after rich4 ,poverty and base      
parentage may be sufficiently           
recompensed by many other good          
qualities1 modesty1 virtue1 religion1   
and choice bringing up1 #ehfe;,i am     
poor1 ,i confess1 but am ,i therefore   
contemptible1 and an abject8 ,love      
itself is naked1 the graces2 the stars1 
and ,hercules clad in a lion's skin4    
,give something to virtue1 love1 wisdom1
 favour1 beauty1 person2 be not all for 
money4 ,besides1 you must consider that 
,amor cogi non potest1 love cannot be   
compelled1 they must affect as they may3
 #ehff;,fatum est in partibus illis quas
 sinus abscondit1 as the saying is1     
marriage and hanging goes by destiny1   
matches are made in heaven4 ,it lies not
 in our power to love or hate1 ,for will
 in us is overrul'd by fate4  ,a servant
 maid in #ehfg;,aristaenetus loved her  
mistress's minion1 which when her dame  
perceived1 furiosa aemulatione in a     

jealous humour she dragged her about the
 house by the hair of the head1 and     
vexed her sore4 ,the wench cried out1   
#ehfh,o mistress1 fortune hath made my  
body your servant1 but not my soul6     
,affections are free1 not to be         
commanded4 ,moreover it may be to       
restrain their ambition1 pride1 and     
covetousness1 to correct those          
hereditary diseases of a family1 ,god in
 his just judgment assigns and permits  
such matches to be made4 ,for ,i am of  
,plato and #ehfi ,bodine's mind1 that   
families have their bounds and periods  
as well as kingdoms1 beyond which for   
extent or continuance they shall not    
exceed1 six or seven hundred years1 as  
they there illustrate by a multitude of 
examples1 and which ,peucer and         
#ehgj,melancthon approve1 but in a      
perpetual tenor 7as we see by many      
pedigrees of knights1 gentlemen1 yeomen7
 continue as they began1 for many       
descents with little alteration4        
,howsoever let them1 ,i say1 give       

something to youth1 to love2 they must  
not think they can fancy whom they      
appoint2 #ehga;,amor enim non imperatur1
 affectus liber si quis alius et vices  
exigens1 this is a free passion1 as     
,pliny said in a panegyric of his1 and  
may not be forced3 ,love craves liking1 
as the saying is1 it requires mutual    
affections1 a correspondency3 invito non
 datur nec aufertur1 it may not be      
learned1 ,ovid himself cannot teach us  
how to love1 ,solomon describe1 ,apelles
 paint1 or ,helen express it4 ,they must
 not therefore compel or intrude2       
#ehgbquis enim 7as ,fabius urgeth7 amare
 alieno animo potest8 but consider      
withal the miseries of enforced         
marriages2 take pity upon youth3 and    
such above the rest as have daughters to
 bestow1 should be very careful and     
provident to marry them in due time4    
,siracides cap4 #g4 vers4 #be4 calls it 
a weighty matter to perform1 so to marry
 a daughter to a man of understanding in
 due time3 ,virgines enim tempestive    

locandae1 as #ehgc,lemnius admonisheth1 
lib4 #a4 cap4 #f4 ,virgins must be      
provided for in season1 to prevent many 
diseases1 of which #ehgd,rodericus a    
,castro de morbis mulierum1 lib4 #b4    
cap4 #c4 and ,lod4 ,mercatus lib4 #b4 de
 mulier4 affect1 cap4 #d1 de melanch4   
virginum et viduarum1 have both largely 
discoursed4 ,and therefore as well to   
avoid these feral maladies1 'tis good to
 get them husbands betimes1 as to       
prevent some other gross inconveniences1
 and for a thing that ,i know besides2  
ubi nuptiarum tempus et aetas advenerit1
 as ,chrysostom adviseth1 let them not  
defer it2 they perchance will marry     
themselves else1 or do worse4 ,if       
,nevisanus the lawyer do not impose1    
they may do it by right3 for as he      
proves out of ,curtius1 and some other  
civilians1 ,sylvae1 nup4 lib4 #b4 numer4
 #cj4 #ehge;,a maid past twenty-five    
years of age1 against her parents'      
consent may marry such a one as is      
unworthy of1 and inferior to her1 and   

her father by law must be compelled to  
give her a competent dowry4 ,mistake me 
not in the mean time1 or think that ,i  
do apologise here for any headstrong1   
unruly1 wanton flirts4 ,i do approve    
that of ,st4 ,ambrose 7,comment4 in     
,genesis xxiv4 #ea71 which he hath      
written touching ,rebecca's spousals1 ,a
 woman should give unto her parents the 
choice of her husband1 #ehgflest she be 
reputed to be malapert and wanton1 if   
she take upon her to make her own       
choice2 #ehgg;for she should rather seem
 to be desired by a man1 than to desire 
a man herself4 ,to those hard parents   
alone ,i retort that of ,curtius1 7in   
the behalf of modester maids71 that are 
too remiss and careless of their due    
time and riper years4 ,for if they tarry
 longer1 to say truth1 they are past    
date1 and nobody will respect them4 ,a  
woman with us in ,italy 7saith          
#ehgh;,aretine's ,lucretia7 twenty-four 
years of age1 is old already1 past the  
best1 of no account4 ,an old fellow1 as 

,lycistrata confesseth in               
#ehgi;,aristophanes1 etsi sit canus1    
cito puellam virginem ducat uxorem1 and 
'tis no news for an old fellow to marry 
a young wench3 but as he follows it1    
mulieris brevis occasio est1 etsi hoc   
non apprehenderit1 nemo vult ducere     
uxorem1 expectans vero sedet2 who cares 
for an old maid8 she may set1 c4 ,a     
virgin1 as the poet holds1 lasciva et   
petulans puella virgo1 is like a flower1
 a rose withered on a sudden4 #ehhj,quam
 modo nascentem rutilus conspexit ,eous1
 ,hanc rediens sero vespere vidit anum4 
,she that was erst a maid as fresh as   
,may1 ,is now an old crone1 time so     
steals away4  ,let them take time then  
while they may1 make advantage of youth1
 and as he prescribes1 #ehha;,collige   
virgo rosas dum flos novus et nova      
pubes1 ,et memor esto aevum sic         
properare tuum4  ,fair maids1 go gather 
roses in the prime1 ,and think that as a
 flower so goes on time4  ,let's all    
love1 dum vires annique sinunt1 while we

 are in the flower of years1 fit for    
love matters1 and while time serves3 for
 #ehhb,soles occidere et redire possunt1
 ,nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux1   
,nox est perpetuo una dormienda4        
#ehhc,suns that set may rise again1 ,but
 if once we loss this light1 ',tis with 
us perpetual night4  ,volat irrevocabile
 tempus1 time past cannot be recalled4  
,but we need no such exhortation1 we are
 all commonly too forward3 yet if there 
be any escape1 and all be not as it     
should1 as ,diogenes struck the father  
when the son swore1 because he taught   
him no better1 if a maid or young man   
miscarry1 ,i think their parents        
oftentimes1 guardians1 overseers1       
governors1 neque vos 7saith             
#ehhd;,chrysostom7 a supplicio immunes  
evadetis1 si non statim ad nuptias1 c4  
are in as much fault1 and as severely to
 be punished as their children1 in      
providing for them no sooner4 ,now for  
such as have free liberty to bestow     
themselves1 ,i could wish that good     

counsel of the comical old man were put 
in practice1 #ehhe,opulentiores         
pauperiorum ut filias ,indotas dicant   
uxores domum3 ,et multo fiet civitas    
concordior1 ,et invidia nos minore      
utemur1 quam utimur4  ,that rich men    
would marry poor maidens some1 ,and that
 without dowry1 and so bring them home1 
,so would much concord be in our city1  
,less envy should we have1 much more    
pity4  ,if they would care less for     
wealth1 we should have much more content
 and quietness in a commonwealth4       
,beauty1 good bringing up1 methinks1 is 
a sufficient portion of itself1         
#ehhf;,dos est sua forma puellis1 her   
beauty is a maiden's dower1 and he doth 
well that will accept of such a wife4   
,eubulides1 in #ehhg;,aristaenetus1     
married a poor man's child1 facie non   
illaetabili1 of a merry countenance1 and
 heavenly visage1 in pity of her estate1
 and that quickly4 ,acontius coming to  
,delos1 to sacrifice to ,diana1 fell in 
love with ,cydippe1 a noble lass1 and   

wanting means to get her love1 flung a  
golden apple into her lap1 with this    
inscription upon it1 ,juro tibi sane per
 mystica sacra ,dianae1 ,me tibi        
venturum comitem1 sponsumque futurum4   
,i swear by all the rites of ,diana1    
,i'll come and be thy husband if ,i may4
  ,she considered of it1 and upon some  
small inquiry of his person and estate1 
was married unto him4 ,blessed is the   
wooing1 ,that is not long a doing4  ,as 
the saying is2 when the parties are     
sufficiently known to each other1 what  
needs such scrupulosity1 so many        
circumstances8 dost thou know her       
conditions1 her bringing-up1 like her   
person8 let her means be what they will1
 take her without any more ado4         
#ehhh;,dido and ,aeneas were            
accidentally driven by a storm both into
 one cave1 they made a match upon it2   
,massinissa was married to that fair    
captive ,sophonisba1 ,king ,syphax'     
wife1 the same day that he saw her      
first1 to prevent ,scipio ,laelius1 lest

 they should determine otherwise of her4
 ,if thou lovest the party1 do as much3 
good education and beauty is a competent
 dowry1 stand not upon money4 ,erant    
olim aurei homines 7saith ,theocritus7  
et adamantes redamabant1 in the golden  
world men did so1 7in the reign of      
#ehhi,ogyges belike1 before staggering  
,ninus began to domineer7 if all be true
 that is reported3 and some few nowadays
 will do as much1 here and there one2   
'tis well done methinks1 and all        
happiness befall them for so doing4     
#ehij,leontius1 a philosopher of        
,athens1 had a fair daughter called     
,athenais1 multo corporis lepore ac     
,venere1 7saith mine author7 of a comely
 carriage1 he gave her no portion but   
her bringing up1 occulto formae1        
praesagio1 out of some secret           
foreknowledge of her fortune1 bestowing 
that little which he had amongst his    
other children4 ,but she1 thus          
qualified1 was preferred by some friends
 to ,constantinople1 to serve           

,pulcheria1 the emperor's sister1 of    
whom she was baptised and called        
,eudocia4 ,theodosius1 the emperor1 in  
short space took notice of her excellent
 beauty and good parts1 and a little    
after1 upon his sister's sole           
commendation1 made her his wife3 'twas  
nobly done of ,theodosius4 #ehia,rudophe
 was the fairest lady in her days in all
 ,egypt2 she went to wash her1 and by   
chance1 7her maids meanwhile looking but
 carelessly to her clothes7 an eagle    
stole away one of her shoes1 and laid it
 in ,psammeticus the ,king of ,egypt's  
lap at ,memphis3 he wondered at the     
excellency of the shoe and pretty foot1 
but more ,aquilae1 factum1 at the manner
 of the bringing of it3 and caused      
forthwith proclamation to be made1 that 
she that owned that shoe should come    
presently to his court2 the virgin came1
 and was forthwith married to the king4 
,i say this was heroically done1 and    
like a prince3 ,i commend him for it1   
and all such as have means1 that will   

either do 7as he did7 themselves1 or so 
for love1 c41 marry their children4 ,if 
he be rich1 let him take such a one as  
wants1 if she be virtuously given2 for  
as ,siracides1 cap4 #g4 ver4 #ai4       
adviseth1 ,forego not a wife and good   
woman2 for her grace is above gold4 ,if 
she have fortunes of her own1 let her   
make a man4 ,danaus of ,lacedaemon had a
 many daughters to bestow1 and means    
enough for them all1 he never stood     
inquiring after great matches1 as others
 used to do1 but #ehibsent for a company
 of brave young gallants to his house1  
and bid his daughters choose every one  
one1 whom she liked best1 and take him  
for her husband1 without any more ado4  
,this act of his was much approved in   
those times4 ,but in this iron age of   
ours1 we respect riches alone1 7for a   
maid must buy her husband now with a    
great dowry1 if she will have him7      
covetousness and filthy lucre mars all  
good matches1 or some such by-respects4 
,crales1 a ,servian prince 7as          

,nicephorus ,gregoras ,rom4 hist4 lib4  
#f4 relates it17 was an earnest suitor  
to ,eudocia1 the emperor's sister2      
though her brother much desired it1 yet 
she could not #ehic;abide him1 for he   
had three former wives1 all basely      
abused2 but the emperor still1 ,cralis  
amicitiam magni faciens1 because he was 
a great prince1 and a troublesome       
neighbour1 much desired his affinity1   
and to that end betrothed his own       
daughter ,simonida to him1 a little girl
 five years of age 7he being            
forty-five17 and five #ehidyears older  
than the emperor himself3 such          
disproportionable and unlikely matches  
can wealth and a fair fortune make4 ,and
 yet not that alone1 it is not only     
money1 but sometimes vainglory1 pride1  
ambition1 do as much harm as wretched   
covetousness itself in another extreme4 
,if a yeoman have one sole daughter1 he 
must overmatch her1 above her birth and 
calling1 to a gentleman forsooth1       
because of her great portion1 too good  

for one of her own rank1 as he          
supposeth3 a gentleman's daughter and   
heir must be married to a knight        
baronet's eldest son at least2 and a    
knight's only daughter to a baron       
himself1 or an earl1 and so upwards1 her
 great dower deserves it4 ,and thus     
striving for more honour to their       
wealth1 they undo their children1 many  
discontents follow1 and oftentimes they 
ruinate their families4 #ehie,paulus    
,jovius gives instance in ,galeatius the
 ,second1 that heroical ,duke of ,milan1
 externas affinitates1 decoras quidem   
regio fastu1 sed sibi et posteris       
damnosas et fere exitiales quaesivit2 he
 married his eldest son ,john ,galeatius
 to ,isabella the ,king of ,france his  
sister1 but she was socero tam gravis1  
ut ducentis millibus aureorum           
constiterit1 her entertainment at ,milan
 was so costly that it almost undid him4
 ,his daughter ,violanta was married to 
,lionel ,duke of ,clarence1 the youngest
 son to ,edward the ,third1 ,king of    

,england1 but1 ad ejus adventum tantae  
opes tam admirabili liberalitate        
profusae sunt1 ut opulentissimorum regum
 splendorem superasse videretur1 he was 
welcomed with such incredible           
magnificence1 that a king's purse was   
scarce able to bear it2 for besides many
 rich presents of horses1 arms1 plate1  
money1 jewels1 c41 he made one dinner   
for him and his company1 in which were  
thirty-two messes and as much provision 
left1 ut relatae a mensa dapes decem    
millibus hominum sufficerent1 as would  
serve ten thousand men3 but a little    
after ,lionel died1 novae nuptae et     
intempestivis conviviis operam dans1 c41
 and to the duke's great loss1 the      
solemnity was ended4 ,so can titles1    
honours1 ambition1 make many brave1 but 
unfortunate matches of all sides for    
by-respects1 7though both crazed in body
 and mind1 most unwilling1 averse1 and  
often unfit17 so love is banished1 and  
we feel the smart of it in the end4 ,but
 ,i am too lavish peradventure in this  

subject4 ,another let or hindrance is   
strict and severe discipline1 laws and  
rigorous customs1 that forbid men to    
marry at set times1 and in some places2 
as apprentices1 servants1 collegiates1  
states of lives in copyholds1 or in some
 base inferior offices1 #ehif,velle     
licet in such cases1 potiri non licet1  
as he said4 ,they see but as prisoners  
through a grate1 they covet and catch1  
but ,tantalus a labris1 c4 ,their love  
is lost1 and vain it is in such an      
estate to attempt4 #ehig;,gravissimum   
est adamare nec potiri1 'tis a grievous 
thing to love and not enjoy4 ,they may1 
indeed1 ,i deny not1 marry if they will1
 and have free choice1 some of them2 but
 in the meantime their case is          
desperate1 ,lupum auribus tenent1 they  
hold a wolf by the ears1 they must      
either burn or starve4 ',tis cornutum   
sophisma1 hard to resolve1 if they marry
 they forfeit their estates1 they are   
undone1 and starve themselves through   
beggary and want3 if they do not marry1 

in this heroical passion they furiously 
rage1 are tormented1 and torn in pieces 
by their predominate affections4 ,every 
man hath not the gift of continence1 let
 him #ehihpray for it then1 as ,beza    
adviseth in his ,tract de ,divortiis1   
because ,god hath so called him to a    
single life1 in taking away the means of
 marriage4 #ehii,paul would have gone   
from ,mysia to ,bithynia1 but the spirit
 suffered him not1 and thou wouldst     
peradventure be a married man with all  
thy will1 but that protecting angel     
holds it not fit4 ,the devil too        
sometimes may divert by his ill         
suggestions1 and mar many good matches1 
as the same #eijj,paul was willing to   
see the ,romans1 but hindered of ,satan 
he could not4 ,there be those that think
 they are necessitated by fate1 their   
stars have so decreed1 and therefore    
they grumble at their hard fortune1 they
 are well inclined to marry1 but one rub
 or other is ever in the way2 ,i know   
what astrologers say in this behalf1    

what ,ptolemy quadripartit4 ,tract4 #d4 
cap4 #d4 ,skoner lib4 #a4 cap4 #ab4 what
 ,leovitius genitur4 exempl4 #a4 which  
,sextus ab ,heminga takes to be the     
horoscope of ,hieronymus ,wolfius1 what 
,pezelius1 ,origanaus and ,leovitius his
 illustrator ,garceus1 cap4 #ab4 what   
,junctine1 ,protanus1 ,campanella1 what 
the rest1 7to omit those ,arabian       
conjectures a parte conjugii1 a parte   
lasciviae1 triplicitates veneris1 c41   
and those resolutions upon a question1  
an amica potiatur1 c47 determine in this
 behalf1 viz4 an sit natus conjugem     
habiturus1 facile an difficulter sit    
sponsam impetraturus1 quot conjuges1 quo
 tempore1 quales decernantur nato       
uxores1 de mutuo amore conjugem1 both in
 men's and women's genitures1 by the    
examination of the seventh house the    
almutens1 lords and planets there1 a d  
et a c41 by particular aphorisms1 ,si   
dominus #gmae in #gma vel secunda       
nobilem decernit uxorem1 servam aut     
ignobilem si duodecima4 ,si ,venus in   

#abma1 c41 with many such1 too tedious  
to relate4 ,yet let no man be troubled1 
or find himself grieved with such       
predictions1 as ,hier4 ,wolfius well    
saith in his astrological               
#eija;dialogue1 non sunt praetoriana    
decreta1 they be but conjectures1 the   
stars incline1 but not enforce1         
#eijb,sidera corporibus praesunt        
caelestia nostris1 ,sunt ea de vili     
condita namque luto3 ,cogere sed        
nequeunt animum ratione fruentem1       
,quippe sub imperio solius ipse dei est4
  wisdom1 diligence1 discretion1 may    
mitigate if not quite alter such        
decrees1 ,fortuna sua a cujusque        
fingitur moribus1 #eijc,qui cauti1      
prudentes1 voti compotes1 c41 let no man
 then be terrified or molested with such
 astrological aphorisms1 or be much     
moved1 either to vain hope or fear1 from
 such predictions1 but let every man    
follow his own free will in this case1  
and do as he sees cause4 ,better it is  
indeed to marry than burn1 for their    

soul's health1 but for their present    
fortunes1 by some other means to pacify 
themselves1 and divert the stream of    
this fiery torrent1 to continue as they 
are1 #eijdrest satisfied1 lugentes      
virginitatis florem sic aruisse1        
deploring their misery with that eunuch 
in ,libanius1 since there is no help or 
remedy1 and with ,jephtha's daughter to 
bewail their virginities4 ,of like      
nature is superstition1 those rash vows 
of monks and friars1 and such as live in
 religious orders1 but far more         
tyrannical and much worse4 ,nature1     
youth1 and his furious passion forcibly 
inclines1 and rageth on the one side2   
but their order and vow checks them on  
the other4 #eije,votoque suo sua forma  
repugnat4 ,what merits and indulgences  
they heap unto themselves by it1 what   
commodities1 ,i know not2 but ,i am     
sure1 from such rash vows1 and inhuman  
manner of life1 proceed many            
inconveniences1 many diseases1 many     
vices1 mastupration1 satyriasis1        

#eijfpriapismus1 melancholy1 madness1   
fornication1 adultery1 buggery1 sodomy1 
theft1 murder1 and all manner of        
mischiefs3 read but ,bale's ,catalogue  
of ,sodomites1 at the visitation of     
abbeys here in ,england1 ,henry         
,stephan4 his ,apol4 for ,herodotus1    
that which ,ulricus writes in one of his
 epistles1 #eijgthat ,pope ,gregory when
 he saw #fjj skulls and bones of infants
 taken out of a fishpond near a nunnery1
 thereupon retracted that decree of     
priests' marriages1 which was the cause 
of such a slaughter1 was much grieved at
 it1 and purged himself by repentance4  
,read many such1 and then ask what is to
 be done1 is this vow to be broke or    
not8 ,no1 saith ,bellarmine1 cap4 #ch4  
lib4 de ,monach4 melius est scortari et 
uri quam de voto coelibatus ad nuptias  
transire1 better burn or fly out1 than  
to break thy vow4 ,and ,coster in his   
,enchirid4 de coelibat4 sacerdotum1     
saith it is absolutely gravius peccatum1
 #eijh;a greater sin for a priest to    

marry1 than to keep a concubine at home4
 ,gregory de ,valence1 cap4 #f4 de      
coelibat4 maintains the same1 as those  
of ,essei and ,montanists of old4       
,insomuch that many votaries1 out of a  
false persuasion of merit and holiness  
in this kind1 will sooner die than      
marry1 though it be to the saving of    
their lives4 #eiji;,anno #adai4 ,pius   
#b1 ,pope1 ,james ,rossa1 nephew to the 
,king of ,portugal1 and then elect      
,archbishop of ,lisbon1 being very sick 
at ,florence1 #eiajwhen his physicians  
told him1 that his disease was such1 he 
must either lie with a wench1 marry1 or 
die1 cheerfully chose to die4 ,now they 
commended him for it2 but ,st4 ,paul    
teacheth otherwise1 ,better marry than  
burn1 and as ,st4 ,hierome gravely      
delivers it1 ,aliae1 sunt leges         
,caesarum1 aliae ,christi1 aliud        
,papinianus1 aliud ,paulus noster       
praecipit1 there's a difference betwixt 
,god's ordinances and men's laws3 and   
therefore ,cyprian ,epist4 #h4 boldly   

denounceth1 impium est1 adulterum est1  
sacrilegum est1 quodcunque humano furore
 statuitur1 ut dispositio divina        
violetur1 it is abominable1 impious1    
adulterous1 and sacrilegious1 what men  
make and ordain after their own furies  
to cross ,god's laws4 #eiaa;,georgius   
,wicelius1 one of their own arch divines
 7,inspect4 eccles4 pag4 #ah7 exclaims  
against it1 and all such rash monastical
 vows1 and would have such persons      
seriously to consider what they do1 whom
 they admit1 ne in posterum querantur de
 inanibus stupris1 lest they repent it  
at last4 ,for either1 as he follows it1 
#eiabyou must allow them concubines1 or 
suffer them to marry1 for scarce shall  
you find three priests of three         
thousand1 qui per aetatem non ament1    
that are not troubled with burning lust4
 ,wherefore ,i conclude it is an        
unnatural and impious thing to bar men  
of this ,christian liberty1 too severe  
and inhuman an edict4  #eiac,the silly  
wren1 the titmouse also1 ,the little    

redbreast have their election1 ,they fly
 ,i saw and together gone1 ,whereas hem 
list1 about environ ,as they of kinde   
have inclination1 ,and as nature impress
 and guide1 ,of everything list to      
provide4  ,but man alone1 alas the hard 
stond1 ,full cruelly by kinds ordinance 
,constrained is1 and by statutes bound1 
,and debarred from all such pleasance3  
,what meaneth this1 what is this        
pretence ,of laws1 ,i wis1 against all  
right of kinde ,without a cause1 so     
narrow men to binde8  ,many laymen      
repine still at priests' marriages above
 the rest1 and not at clergymen only1   
but of all the meaner sort and          
condition1 they would have none marry   
but such as are rich and able to        
maintain wives1 because their parish    
belike shall be pestered with orphans1  
and the world full of beggars3 but      
#eiadthese are hard-hearted1 unnatural1 
monsters of men1 shallow politicians1   
they do not #eiae;consider that a great 
part of the world is not yet inhabited  

as it ought1 how many colonies into     
,america1 ,terra ,australis incognita1  
,africa1 may be sent8 ,let them consult 
with ,sir ,william ,alexander's ,book of
 ,colonies1 ,orpheus ,junior's ,golden  
,fleece1 ,captain ,whitburne1 ,mr4      
,hagthorpe1 c4 and they shall surely be 
otherwise informed4 ,those politic      
,romans were of another mind1 they      
thought their city and country could    
never be too populous4 #eiaf;,adrian the
 emperor said he had rather have men    
than money1 malle se hominum adjectione 
ampliare imperium1 quam pecunia4        
,augustus ,caesar made an oration in    
,rome ad caelibus1 to persuade them to  
marry2 some countries compelled them to 
marry of old1 as #eiag;,jews1 ,turks1   
,indians1 ,chinese1 amongst the rest in 
these days1 who much wonder at our      
discipline to suffer so many idle       
persons to live in monasteries1 and     
often marvel how they can live honest4  
#eiah;,in the isle of ,maragnan1 the    
governor and petty king there did wonder

 at the ,frenchmen1 and admire how so   
many friars1 and the rest of their      
company could live without wives1 they  
thought it a thing impossible1 and would
 not believe it4 ,if these men should   
but survey our multitudes of religious  
houses1 observe our numbers of          
monasteries all over ,europe1 #ah       
nunneries in ,padua1 in ,venice #cd     
cloisters of monks1 #bh of nuns1 c4 ex  
ungue leonem1 'tis to this proportion1  
in all other provinces and cities1 what 
would they think1 do they live honest8  
,let them dissemble as they will1 ,i am 
of ,tertullian's mind1 that few can     
continue but by compulsion4 #eiai,o     
chastity 7saith he7 thou art a rare     
goddess in the world1 not so easily got1
 seldom continuate3 thou mayst now and  
then be compelled1 either for defect of 
nature1 or if discipline persuade1      
decrees enforce3 or for some such       
by-respects1 sullenness1 discontent1    
they have lost their first loves1 may   
not have whom they will themselves1 want

 of means1 rash vows1 c4 ,but can he    
willingly contain8 ,i think not4        
,therefore1 either out of commiseration 
of human imbecility1 in policy1 or to   
prevent a far worse inconvenience1 for  
they hold some of them as necessary as  
meat and drink1 and because vigour of   
youth1 the state and temper of most     
men's bodies do so furiously desire it1 
they have heretofore in some nations    
liberally admitted polygamy and stews1 a
 hundred thousand courtesans in ,grand  
,cairo in ,egypt1 as #eibj,radzivilus   
observes1 are tolerated1 besides boys3  
how many at ,fez1 ,rome1 ,naples1       
,florence1 ,venice1 c41 and still in    
many other provinces and cities of      
,europe they do as much1 because they   
think young men1 churchmen1 and servants
 amongst the rest1 can hardly live      
honest4 ,the consideration of this      
belike made ,vibius1 the ,spaniard1 when
 his friend #eiba;,crassus1 that rich   
,roman gallant1 lay hid in the cave1 ut 
voluptatis quam aetas illa desiderat    

copiam faceret1 to gratify him the more1
 send two #eibblusty lasses to accompany
 him all that while he was there        
imprisoned1 ,and ,surenus1 the ,parthian
 general1 when he warred against the    
,romans1 to carry about with him #bjj   
concubines1 as the ,swiss soldiers do   
now commonly their wives4 ,but1 because 
this course is not generally approved1  
but rather contradicted as unlawful and 
abhorred1 #eibc;in most countries they  
do much encourage them to marriage1 give
 great rewards to such as have many     
children1 and mulct those that will not 
marry1 ,jus trium liberorum1 and in     
,agellius1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #ae4 ,elian4   
lib4 #f4 cap4 #e4 ,valerius1 lib4 #a4   
cap4 #i4 #eibd,we read that three       
children freed the father from painful  
offices1 and five from all contribution4
 ,a woman shall be saved by bearing     
children4 ,epictetus would have all     
marry1 and as #eibe,plato will1 #f de   
legibus1 he that marrieth not before #ce
 years of his age1 must be compelled and

 punished1 and the money consecrated to 
#eibf;,juno's temple1 or applied to     
public uses4 ,they account him1 in some 
countries1 unfortunate that dies without
 a wife1 a most unhappy man1 as         
#eibg;,boethius infers1 and if at all   
happy1 yet infortunio felix1 unhappy in 
his supposed happiness4 ,they commonly  
deplore his estate1 and much lament him 
for it3 ,o1 my sweet son1 c4 ,see       
,lucian1 de ,luctu1 ,sands fol4 #hc1 c4 
,yet1 notwithstanding1 many with us are 
of the opposite part1 they are married  
themselves1 and for others1 let them    
burn1 fire and flame1 they care not1 so 
they be not troubled with them4 ,some   
are too curious1 and some too covetous1 
they may marry when they will both for  
ability and means1 but so nice1 that    
except as ,theophilus the emperor was   
presented1 by his mother ,euprosune1    
with all the rarest beauties of the     
empire in the great chamber of his      
palace at once1 and bid to give a golden
 apple to her he liked best4 ,if they   

might so take and choose whom they list 
out of all the fair maids their nation  
affords1 they could happily condescend  
to marry3 otherwise1 c41 why should a   
man marry1 saith another epicurean rout1
 what's matrimony but a matter of money8
 why should free nature be entrenched   
on1 confined or obliged1 to this or that
 man or woman1 with these manacles of   
body and goods8 c4 ,there are those too 
that dearly love1 admire and follow     
women all their lives long1 sponsi      
,penelopes1 never well but in their     
company1 wistly gazing on their         
beauties1 observing close1 hanging after
 them1 dallying still with them1 and yet
 dare not1 will not marry4 ,many poor   
people1 and of the meaner sort1 are too 
distrustful of ,god's providence1 they  
will not1 dare not for such worldly     
respects1 fear of want1 woes1 miseries1 
or that they shall light1 as            
#eibh,lemnius saith1 on a scold1 a slut1
 or a bad wife4 ,and therefore1         
#eibi,tristem ,juventam venere deserta  

colunt1 they are resolved to live       
single1 as #eicj;,epaminondas did1      
#eica,nil ait esse prius1 melius nil    
coelibe vita1 and ready with ,hippolitus
 to abjure all women1 #eicb;,detestor   
omnes1 horreo1 fugio1 execror1 c4 ,but1 
,hippolite nescis quod fugis vitae      
bonum1 ,hippolite nescis------  alas1   
poor ,hippolitus1 thou knowest not what 
thou sayest1 'tis otherwise1            
,hippolitus4 #eicc,some make a doubt1 an
 uxor literato sit ducenda1 whether a   
scholar should marry1 if she be fair she
 will bring him back from his grammar to
 his horn book1 or else with kissing and
 dalliance she will hinder his study2 if
 foul with scolding1 he cannot well     
intend to do both1 as ,philippus        
,beroaldus1 that great ,bononian doctor1
 once writ1 impediri enim studia        
literarum1 c41 but he recanted at last1 
and in a solemn sort with true conceived
 words he did ask the world and all     
women forgiveness4 ,but you shall have  
the story as he relates himself1 in his 

,commentaries on the sixth of ,apuleius4
 ,for a long time ,i lived a single     
life1 et ab uxore ducenda semper        
abhorrui1 nec quicquam libero lecto     
censui jucundius4 ,i could not abide    
marriage1 but as a rambler1 erraticus ac
 volaticus amator 7to use his own words7
 per multiplices amores discurrebam1 ,i 
took a snatch where ,i could get it2 nay
 more1 ,i railed at marriage downright1 
and in a public auditory1 when ,i did   
interpret that sixth ,satire of         
,juvenal1 out of ,plutarch and ,seneca1 
,i did heap up all the dicteries ,i     
could against women2 but now recant with
 ,stesichorus1 palinodiam cano1 nec     
poenitet censeri in ordine maritorum1 ,i
 approve of marriage1 ,i am glad ,i am a
 #eicdmarried man1 ,i am heartily glad  
,i have a wife1 so sweet a wife1 so     
noble a wife1 so young1 so chaste a     
wife1 so loving a wife1 and ,i do wish  
and desire all other men to marry2 and  
especially scholars1 that as of old     
,martia did by ,hortensius1 ,terentia by

 ,tullius1 ,calphurnia to ,plinius1     
,pudentilla to ,apuleius1 #eice;hold the
 candle whilst their husbands did       
meditate and write1 so theirs may do    
them1 and as my dear ,camilla doth to   
me4 ,let other men be averse1 rail then 
and scoff at women1 and say what they   
can to the contrary1 vir sine uxore     
malorum expers est1 c41 a single man is 
a happy man1 c41 but this is a toy4     
#eicf,nec dulces amores sperne puer1    
neque tu choreas2 these men are too     
distrustful and much to blame1 to use   
such speeches1 #eicg,parcite paucorum   
diffundere1 crimen in omnes4 ,they must 
not condemn all for some4 ,as there be  
many bad1 there be some good wives2 as  
some be vicious1 some be virtuous4 ,read
 what ,solomon hath said in their       
praises1 ,prov4 xiii4 and ,siracides1   
cap4 #bf et #cj1 ,blessed is the man    
that hath a virtuous wife1 for the      
number of his days shall be double4 ,a  
virtuous woman rejoiceth her husband1   
and she shall fulfil the years of his   

life in peace4 ,a good wife is a good   
portion 7and xxxvi4 #bd71 an help1 a    
pillar of rest1 columina quietis1 #eich 
,qui capit uxorem1 fratrem capit atque  
sororem4 ,and #cj1 ,he that hath no wife
 wandereth to and fro mourning4         
,minuuntur atrae conjuge curae1 women   
are the sole1 only joy1 and comfort of a
 man's life1 born ad usum et lusum      
hominum1 firmamenta familiae1           
#eici;,delitiae humani generis1 solatia 
vitae4 ,blanditiae noctis1 placidissima 
cura diei1 ,vota virum1 juvenum spes1 c4
  #eidj;,a wife is a young man's        
mistress1 a middle age's companion1 an  
old man's nurse3 ,particeps laetorum et 
tristium1 a prop1 a help1 c4            
#eida,optima viri possessio est uxor    
benevola1 ,mitigans iram et avertens    
animam ejus a tristitia4  ,man's best   
possession is a loving wife1 ,she       
tempers anger and diverts all strife4   
,there is no joy1 no comfort1 no        
sweetness1 no pleasure in the world like
 to that of a good wife1 #eidb,quam cum 

chara domi conjux1 fidusque maritus     
,unanimes degunt------  saith our ,latin
 ,homer1 she is still the same in       
sickness and in health1 his eye1 his    
hand1 his bosom friend1 his partner at  
all times1 his other self1 not to be    
separated by any calamity1 but ready to 
share all sorrow1 discontent1 and as the
 ,indian women do1 live and die with    
him1 nay more1 to die presently for him4
 ,admetus1 king of ,thessaly1 when he   
lay upon his death-bed1 was told by     
,apollo's ,oracle1 that if he could get 
anybody to die for him1 he should live  
longer yet1 but when all refused1 his   
parents1 etsi decrepiti1 friends and    
followers forsook him1 ,alcestus1 his   
wife1 though young1 most willingly      
undertook it2 what more can be desired  
or expected8 ,and although on the other 
side there be an infinite number of bad 
husbands 7,i should rail downright      
against some of them71 able to          
discourage any women2 yet there be some 
good ones again1 and those most         

observant of marriage rites4 ,an honest 
country fellow 7as ,fulgosus relates it7
 in the kingdom of ,naples1 #eidc;at    
plough by the seaside1 saw his wife     
carried away by ,mauritanian pirates1 he
 ran after in all haste1 up to the chin 
first1 and when he could wade no longer1
 swam1 calling to the governor of the   
ship to deliver his wife1 or if he must 
not have her restored1 to let him follow
 as a prisoner1 for he was resolved to  
be a galley-slave1 his drudge1 willing  
to endure any misery1 so that he might  
but enjoy his dear wife4 ,the ,moors    
seeing the man's constancy1 and relating
 the whole matter to their governors at 
,tunis1 set them both free1 and gave    
them an honest pension to maintain      
themselves during their lives4 ,i could 
tell many stories to this effect2 but   
put case it often prove otherwise1      
because marriage is troublesome1 wholly 
therefore to avoid it1 is no argument2  
#eidd;,he that will avoid trouble must  
avoid the world4 7,eusebius praepar4    

,evangel4 #e4 cap4 #ej47 ,some trouble  
there is in marriage ,i deny not1 ,etsi 
grave sit matrimonium1 saith ,erasmus1  
edulcatur tamen multis1 c41 yet there be
 many things to #eidesweeten it1 a      
pleasant wife1 placens uxor1 pretty     
children1 dulces nati1 deliciae filiorum
 hominum1 the chief delight of the sons 
of men2 ,eccles4 ii4 #h4 c4 ,and        
howsoever though it were all troubles1  
#eidfutilitatis publicae causa          
devorandum1 grave quid libenter         
subeundum1 it must willingly be         
undergone for public good's sake1       
#eidg;,audite 7populus7 haec1 inquit    
,susarion1 ,malae sunt mulieres1        
veruntamen ,o populares1 ,hoc sine malo 
domum inhabitare non licet4  ,hear me1  
,o my countrymen1 saith ,susarion1      
,women are naught1 yet no life without  
one4  #eidh,malum est mulier1 sed       
necessarium malum4 ,they are necessary  
evils1 and for our own ends we must make
 use of them to have issue1 #eidi       
,supplet ,venus ac restituit humanum    

genus1 and to propagate the church4 ,for
 to what end is a man born8 why lives   
he1 but to increase the world8 and how  
shall he do that well1 if he do not     
marry8 ,matrimonium humano generi       
immortalitatem tribuit1 saith           
,nevisanus1 matrimony makes us immortal1
 and according to #eiej,tacitus1 'tis   
firmissimum imperii munimentum1 the sole
 and chief prop of an empire4           
#eiea;,indigne vivit per quem non vivit 
et alter1 #eiebwhich ,pelopidas objected
 to ,epaminondas1 he was an unworthy    
member of a commonwealth1 that left not 
a child after him to defend it1 and as  
#eiec,trismegistus to his son ,tatius1  
have no commerce with a single man3     
,holding belike that a bachelor could   
not live honestly as he should1 and with
 ,georgius ,wicelius1 a great divine and
 holy man1 who of late by twenty-six    
arguments commends marriage as a thing  
most necessary for all kinds of persons1
 most laudable and fit to be embraced3  
and is persuaded withal1 that no man can

 live and die religiously1 and as he    
ought1 without a wife1 persuasus neminem
 posse neque pie vivere1 neque bene mori
 citra uxorem1 he is false1 an enemy to 
the commonwealth1 injurious to himself1 
destructive to the world1 an apostate to
 nature1 a rebel against heaven and     
earth4 ,let our wilful1 obstinate1 and  
stale bachelors ruminate of this1 ,if we
 could live without wives1 as ,marcellus
 ,numidicus said in #eied ,agellius1 we 
would all want them2 but because we     
cannot1 let all marry1 and consult      
rather to the public good1 than their   
own private pleasure or estate4 ,it were
 an happy thing1 as wise                
#eiee;,euripides hath it1 if we could   
buy children with gold and silver1 and  
be so provided1 sine mulierum congressu1
 without women's company2 but that may  
not be3 #eief,orbis jacebit squallido   
turpis situ1 ,vanum sine ullis classibus
 stabit mare1 ,alesque coelo deerit et  
sylvis fera4  ,earth1 air1 sea1 land    
eftsoon would come to nought1 ,the world

 itself should be to ruin brought4      
,necessity therefore compels us to      
marry4 ,but what do ,i trouble myself1  
to find arguments to persuade to1 or    
commend marriage8 behold a brief        
abstract of all that which ,i have said1
 and much more1 succinctly1 pithily1    
pathetically1 perspicuously1 and        
elegantly delivered in twelve motions to
 mitigate the miseries of marriage1 by  
#eieg ,jacobus de ,voragine1 #a4 ,res   
est8 habes quae tucatur et augeat4--#b4 
,non est8 habes quae quaerat4--#c4      
,secundae res sunt8 felicitas           
duplicatur4--#d4 ,adversae sunt8        
,consolatur1 adsidet1 onus participat ut
 tolerabile fiat4--#e4 ,domi es8        
solitudinis taedium pellit4--#f4 ,foras8
 ,discendentem visu prosequitur1        
absentem desiderat1 redeuntem laeta     
excipit4--#g4 ,nihil jucundum absque    
societate8 ,nulla societas matrimonio   
suavior4--#h4 ,vinculum conjugalis      
charitatis adamentinum4--#i4 ,accrescit 
dulcis affinium turba1 duplicatur       

numerus parentum1 fratrum1 sororum1     
nepotum4--#aj4 ,pulchra sis prole       
parens4--#aa4 ,lex ,mosis sterilitatem  
matrimonii execratur1 quanto amplius    
coelibatum8--#ab4 ,si natura poenam non 
effugit1 ne voluntas quidem effugiet4   
#a4 ,hast thou means8 thou hast none to 
keep and increase it4--#b4 ,hast none8  
thou hast one to help to get it4--#c4   
,art in prosperity8 thine happiness is  
doubled4--#d4 ,art in adversity8 she'll 
comfort1 assist1 bear a part of thy     
burden to make it more tolerable4--#e4  
,art at home8 she'll drive away         
melancholy4--#f4 ,art abroad8 she looks 
after thee going from home1 wishes for  
thee in thine absence1 and joyfully     
welcomes thy return4--#g4 ,there's      
nothing delightsome without society1 no 
society so sweet as matrimony4--#h4 ,the
 band of conjugal love is               
adamantine4--#i4 ,the sweet company of  
kinsmen increaseth1 the number of       
parents is doubled1 of brothers1        
sisters1 nephews4--#aj4 ,thou art made a

 father by a fair and happy issue4--#aa4
 ,moses curseth the barrenness of       
matrimony1 how much more a single       
life8--#ab4 ,if nature escape not       
punishment1 surely thy will shall not   
avoid it4 ,all this is true1 say you1   
and who knows it not8 but how easy a    
matter is it to answer these motives1   
and to make an ,antiparodia quite       
opposite unto it8 ,to exercise myself ,i
 will essay3 #a4 ,hast thou means8 thou 
hast one to spend it4--#b4 ,hast none8  
thy beggary is increased4--#c4 ,art in  
prosperity8 thy happiness is ended4--#d4
 ,art in adversity8 like ,job's wife    
she'll aggravate thy misery1 vex thy    
soul1 make thy burden intolerable4--#e4 
,art at home8 she'll scold thee out of  
doors4--#f4 ,art abroad8 ,if thou be    
wise keep thee so1 she'll perhaps graft 
horns in thine absence1 scowl on thee   
coming home4--#g4 ,nothing gives more   
content than solitariness1 no           
solitariness like this of a single      
life1--#h4 ,the band of marriage is     

adamantine1 no hope of losing it1 thou  
art undone4--#i4 ,thy number increaseth1
 thou shalt be devoured by thy wife's   
friends4--#aj4 ,thou art made a cornuto 
by an unchaste wife1 and shalt bring up 
other folks' children instead of thine  
own4--#aa4 ,paul commends marriage1 yet 
he prefers a single life4--#ab4 ,is     
marriage honourable8 ,what an immortal  
crown belongs to virginity8 ,so         
,siracides himself speaks as much as may
 be for and against women1 so doth      
almost every philosopher plead pro and  
con1 every poet thus argues the case    
7though what cares vulgus nominum what  
they say873 so can ,i conceive          
peradventure1 and so canst thou3 when   
all is said1 yet since some be good1    
some bad1 let's put it to the venture4  
,i conclude therefore with ,seneca1     
------cur ,toro viduo jaces8 ,tristem   
juventam solve3 mine luxus rape1        
,effunde habenas1 optimos vitae dies    
,effluere prohibe4  ,why dost thou lie  
alone1 let thy youth and best days to   

pass away8 ,marry whilst thou mayst1    
donec viventi canities abest morosa1    
whilst thou art yet able1 yet lusty1    
#eieh;,elige cui dicas1 tu mihi sola    
places1 make thy choice1 and that freely
 forthwith1 make no delay1 but take thy 
fortune as it falls4 ',tis true1        
#eiei--;calamitosus est qui inciderit   
,in malam uxorem1 felix qui in bonam1   
',tis a hazard both ways ,i confess1 to 
live single or to marry1 #eifj,nam et   
uxorem ducere1 et non ducere malum est1 
it may be bad1 it may be good1 as it is 
a cross and calamity on the one side1 so
 'tis a sweet delight1 an incomparable  
happiness1 a blessed estate1 a most     
unspeakable benefit1 a sole content1 on 
the other2 'tis all in the proof4 ,be   
not then so wayward1 so covetous1 so    
distrustful1 so curious and nice1 but   
let's all marry1 mutuos foventes        
amplexus2 ,take me to thee1 and thee to 
me1 tomorrow is ,st4 ,valentine's day1  
let's keep it holiday for ,cupid's sake1
 for that great god ,love's sake1 for   

,hymen's sake1 and celebrate            
#eifa,venus' vigil with our ancestors   
for company together1 singing as they   
did1 ,crasam et qui nunquam amavit1     
quique amavit1 eras amet1 ,ver novum1   
ver jam canorum1 ver natus orbis est1   
,vere concordant amores1 vere nubunt    
alites1 ,et nemus coma resolvit1        
c4------ ,cras amet1 c4------  ,let     
those love now who never loved before1  
,and those who always loved now love the
 more2 ,sweet loves are born with every 
opening spring2 ,birds from the tender  
boughs their pledges sing1 c4  ,let him 
that is averse from marriage read more  
in ,barbarus de re uxor4 lib4 #a4 cap4  
#a4 ,lemnius de institut4 cap4 #d4 ,p4  
,godefridus de ,amor4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #a4 
#eifb,nevisanus1 lib4 #c4 ,alex4 ab     
,alexandro1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #h4 ,tunstall1
 ,erasmus' tracts in laudem matrimonii  
c41 and ,i doubt not but in the end he  
will rest satisfied1 recant with        
,beroaldus1 do penance for his former   
folly1 singing some penitential ditties1

 desire to be reconciled to the deity of
 this great god ,love1 go a pilgrimage  
to his shrine1 offer to his image1      
sacrifice upon his altar1 and be as     
willing at last to embrace marriage as  
the rest3 ,there will not be found1 ,i  
hope1 #eifc,no1 not in that severe      
family of ,stoics1 who shall refuse to  
submit his grave beard1 and supercilious
 looks to the clipping of a wife1 or    
disagree from his fellows in this point4
 ,for what more willingly 7as           
#eifd,varro holds7 can a proper man see 
than a fair wife1 a sweet wife1 a loving
 wife8 can the world afford a better    
sight1 sweeter content1 a fairer object1
 a more gracious aspect8 ,since then    
this of marriage is the last and best   
refuge1 and cure of heroical love1 all  
doubts are cleared1 and impediments     
removed2 ,i say again1 what remains1 but
 that according to both their desires1  
they be happily joined1 since it cannot 
otherwise be helped8 ,god send us all   
good wives1 every man his wish in this  

kind1 and me mine6 #eife;,and ,god that 
all this world hath ywrought ,send him  
his ,love that hath it so deere bought4 
,if all parties be pleased1 ask their   
banns1 'tis a match4 #eiff;,fruitur     
,rhodanthe sponsa1 sponso ,dosicle1     
,rhodanthe and ,dosicles shall go       
together1 ,clitiphon and ,leucippe1     
,theagines and ,chariclea1 ,poliarchus  
hath his ,argenis'1 ,lysander ,calista1 
to make up the mask7 #eifg,polilurque   
sua puer ,iphis ,ianthi4 ,and ,troilus  
in lust and in quiet ,is with ,creseid1 
his own heart sweet4  ,and although they
 have hardly passed the pikes1 through  
many difficulties and delays brought the
 match about1 yet let them take this of 
#eifh ,aristaenetus 7that so marry7 for 
their comfort3 #eifi;after many troubles
 and cares1 the marriages of lovers are 
more sweet and pleasant4 ,as we commonly
 conclude a comedy with a #eigjwedding1 
and shaking of hands1 let's shut up our 
discourse1 and end all with an          
#eiga;,epithalamium4 ,feliciter nuptis1 

,god give them joy together4            
#eigb;,hymen ,o ,hymenae1 ,hymen ades ,o
 ,hymenaee6 ,bonum factum1 'tis well    
done1 ,haud equidem sine mente reor1    
sine numine ,divum1 'tis a happy        
conjunction1 a fortunate match1 an even 
couple1 ,ambo animis1 ambo praestantes  
viribus1 ambo ,florentes annis1------   
they both excel in gifts of body and    
mind1 are both equal in years1 youth1   
vigour1 alacrity1 she is fair and lovely
 as ,lais or ,helen1 he as another      
,charinus or ,alcibiades1               
#eigc------ludite ut lubet et brevi     
,liberos date4------  ,then modestly go 
sport and toy1 ,and let's have every    
year a boy4  #eigd;,go give a sweet     
smell as incense1 and bring forth       
flowers as the lily3 that we may say    
hereafter1 ,scitus ,mecastor natus est  
,pamphilo puer4 ,in the meantime ,i say1
 #eige;,ite1 agite1 ,o juvenes1 #eigfnon
 murmura vestra columbae1 ,brachia1 non 
hederae1 neque vincant oscula conchae4  
,gentle youths1 go sport yourselves     

betimes1 ,let not the doves outpass your
 murmurings1 ,or ivy-clasping arms1 or  
oyster-kissings4  ,and in the morn      
betime1 as those #eigg,lacedaemonian    
lasses saluted ,helena and ,menelaus1   
singing at their windows1 and wishing   
good success1 do we at yours3 ,salve ,o 
sponsa1 salve felix1 det vobis ,latona  
,felicem sobolem1 ,venus dea det        
aequalem amorem ,inter vos mutuo2       
,saturnus durabiles divitias1 ,dormite  
in pectora mutuo amorem inspirantes1 ,et
 desiderium6------  ,good morrow1 master
 bridegroom1 and mistress bride1 ,many  
fair lovely bairns to you betide6 ,let  
,venus to you mutual love procure1 ,let 
,saturn give you riches to endure4 ,long
 may you sleep in one another's arms1   
,inspiring sweet desire1 and free from  
harms4  ,even all your lives long1      
#eigh;,contingat vobis turturum         
concordia1 ,corniculae vivacitas------  
,the love of turtles hap to you1 ,and   
ravens' years still to renew4  ,let the 
,muses sing1 7as he said27 the ,graces  

dance1 not at their weddings only but   
all their days long2 so couple their    
hearts1 that no irksomeness or anger    
ever befall them3 let him never call her
 other name than my joy1 my light1 or   
she call him otherwise than sweetheart4 
,to this happiness of theirs1 let not   
old age any whit detract1 but as their  
years1 so let their mutual love and     
comfort increase4 ,and when they depart 
this life1 ------concordes quoniam      
vixere tot annos1 ,auferat hora duos    
eadem1 nec conjugis usquam ,busta suae  
videat1 nec sit tumulandus ab illa4     
,because they have so sweetly liv'd     
together1 ,let not one die a day before 
the other1 ,he bury her1 she him1 with  
even fate1 ,one hour their souls let    
jointly separate4  #eigi;,fortunati ambo
 si quid mea carmina possunt1 ,nulla    
dies unquam memori vos eximet aevo4     
,atque haec de amore dixisse sufficiat1 
sub correctione1 #eihjquod ait ille1    
cujusque melius sentientis4 ,plura qui  
volet de remediis amoris1 legat ,jasonem

 ,pratensem1 ,arnoldum1 ,montaltum1     
,savanarolum1 ,langium1 ,valescum1      
,crimisonum1 ,alexandrum ,benedictum1   
,laurentium1 ,valleriolam1 e ,poetis    
,nasonem1 e nostratibus ,chaucerum1 c41 
with whom ,i conclude1 #eiha;,for my    
words here and every part1 ,i speak hem 
all under correction1 ,of you that      
feeling have in love's art1 ,and put it 
all in your discretion1 ,to intreat or  
make diminution1 ,of my language1 that  
,i you beseech3 ,but now to purpose of  
my rather speech4    ,,sect4 ,,iii4     
,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4 ,i4--,jealousy1 
its ,equivocations1 ,name1 ,definition1 
,extent1 several kinds2 of ,princes1    
,parents1 ,friends4 ,in ,beasts1 ,men3  
before marriage1 as ,co-rivals2 or      
after1 as in this place4  ,valescus de  
,taranta cap4 de ,melanchol4 ,aelian    
,montaltus1 ,felix ,platerus1           
,guianerius1 put jealousy for a cause of
 melancholy1 others for a symptom2      
because melancholy persons amongst these
 passions and perturbations of the mind1

 are most obnoxious to it4 ,but methinks
 for the latitude it hath1 and that     
prerogative above other ordinary        
symptoms1 it ought to be treated of as a
 species apart1 being of so great and   
eminent note1 so furious a passion1 and 
almost of as great extent as love       
itself1 as #eihb;,benedetto ,varchi     
holds1 no love without a mixture of     
jealousy1 qui non zelat1 non amat4 ,for 
these causes ,i will dilate1 and treat  
of it by itself1 as a bastard-branch or 
kind of love-melancholy1 which1 as      
heroical love goeth commonly before     
marriage1 doth usually follow1 torture1 
and crucify in like sort1 deserves      
therefore to be rectified alike1        
requires as much care and industry1 in  
setting out the several causes of it1   
prognostics and cures4 ,which ,i have   
more willingly done1 that he that is or 
hath been jealous1 may see his error as 
in a glass2 he that is not1 may learn to
 detest1 avoid it himself1 and          
dispossess others that are anywise      

affected with it4 ,jealousy is described
 and defined to be #eihc;a certain      
suspicion which the lover hath of the   
party he chiefly loveth1 lest he or she 
should be enamoured of another3 or any  
eager desire to enjoy some beauty alone1
 to have it proper to himself only3 a   
fear or doubt1 lest any foreigner should
 participate or share with him in his   
love4 ,or 7as #eihd,scaliger adds7 a    
fear of losing her favour whom he so    
earnestly affects4 ,cardan calls it a   
#eihezeal for love1 and a kind of envy  
lest any man should beguile us4         
#eihf,ludovicus ,vives defines it in the
 very same words1 or little differing in
 sense4 ,there be many other jealousies1
 but improperly so called all2 as that  
of parents1 tutors1 guardians over their
 children1 friends whom they love1 or   
such as are left to their wardship or   
protection4 #eihg,storax non rediit hac 
nocte a coena ,aeschinus1 ,neque        
servulorum quispiam qui adversum ierant8
  ,as the old man in the comedy cried   

out in a passion1 and from a solicitous 
fear and care he had of his adopted son2
 #eihhnot of beauty1 but lest they      
should miscarry1 do amiss1 or any way   
discredit1 disgrace 7as ,vives notes7 or
 endanger themselves and us4            
#eihi;,aegeus was so solicitous for his 
son ,theseus1 7when he went to fight    
with the ,minotaur7 of his success1 lest
 he should be foiled1 #eiij,prona est   
timori semper in pejus fides4 ,we are   
still apt to suspect the worst in such  
doubtful cases1 as many wives in their  
husband's absence1 fond mothers in their
 children's1 lest if absent they should 
be misled or sick1 and are continually  
expecting news from them1 how they do   
fare1 and what is become of them1 they  
cannot endure to have them long out of  
their sight3 oh my sweet son1 ,o my dear
 child1 c4 ,paul was jealous over the   
,church of ,corinth1 as he confesseth1  
#b ,cor4 xi4 #ab4 ,with a godly         
jealousy1 to present them a pure virgin 
to ,christ2 and he was afraid still1    

lest as the serpent beguiled ,eve1      
through his subtlety1 so their minds    
should be corrupt from the simplicity   
that is in ,christ4 ,god himself1 in    
some sense1 is said to be jealous1      
#eiia;,i am a jealous ,god1 and will    
visit3 so ,psalm lxxix4 #e4 ,shall thy  
jealousy burn like fire for ever8 ,but  
these are improperly called jealousies1 
and by a metaphor1 to show the care and 
solicitude they have of them4 ,although 
some jealousies express all the symptoms
 of this which we treat of1 fear1       
sorrow1 anguish1 anxiety1 suspicion1    
hatred1 c41 the object only varied4     
,that of some fathers is very eminent1  
to their sons and heirs2 for though they
 love them dearly being children1 yet   
now coming towards man's estate they may
 not well abide them1 the son and heir  
is commonly sick of the father1 and the 
father again may not well brook his     
eldest son1 inde simultates1 plerumque  
contentiones et inimicitiae2 but that of
 princes is most notorious1 as when they

 fear co-rivals 7if ,i may so call them7
 successors1 emulators1 subjects1 or    
such as they have offended4 #eiib       
,omnisque potestas impatiens consortis  
erit3 they are still suspicious1 lest   
their authority should be diminished1   
#eiic;as one observes2 and as ,comineus 
hath it1 #eiid;it cannot be expressed   
what slender causes they have of their  
grief and suspicion1 a secret disease1  
that commonly lurks and breeds in       
princes' families4 ,sometimes it is for 
their honour only1 as that of ,adrian   
the emperor1 #eiiethat killed all his   
emulators4 ,saul envied ,david2         
,domitian ,agricola1 because he did     
excel him1 obscure his honour1 as he    
thought1 eclipse his fame4 ,juno turned 
,praetus' daughters into kine1 for that 
they contended with her for beauty2     
#eiif;,cyparissae1 king ,eteocles'      
children1 were envied of the goddesses  
for their excellent good parts1 and     
dancing amongst the rest1 saith         
#eiig;,constantine1 and for that cause  

flung headlong from heaven1 and buried  
in a pit1 but the earth took pity of    
them1 and brought out cypress trees to  
preserve their memories4 #eiih,niobe1   
,arachne1 and ,marsyas1 can testify as  
much4 ,but it is most grievous when it  
is for a kingdom itself1 or matters of  
commodity1 it produceth lamentable      
effects1 especially amongst tyrants1 in 
despotico ,imperio1 and such as are more
 feared than beloved of their subjects1 
that get and keep their sovereignty by  
force and fear4 #eiii,quod civibus      
tenere te invitis scias1 c41 as         
,phalaris1 ,dionysius1 ,periander held  
theirs4 ,for though fear1 cowardice1 and
 jealousy1 in ,plutarch's opinion1 be   
the common causes of tyranny1 as in     
,nero1 ,caligula1 ,tiberius1 yet most   
take them to be symptoms4 ,for #fjjjwhat
 slave1 what hangman 7as ,bodine well   
expresseth this passion1 l4 #b4 c4 #e4  
de rep47 can so cruelly torture a       
condemned person1 as this fear and      
suspicion8 ,fear of death1 infamy1      

torments1 are those furies and vultures 
that vex and disquiet tyrants1 and      
torture them day and night1 with        
perpetual terrors and affrights1 envy1  
suspicion1 fear1 desire of revenge1 and 
a thousand such disagreeing             
perturbations1 turn and affright the    
soul out of the hinges of health1 and   
more grievously wound and pierce1 than  
those cruel masters can exasperate and  
vex their apprentices or servants1 with 
clubs1 whips1 chains1 and tortures4     
,many terrible examples we have in this 
kind1 amongst the ,turks especially1    
many jealous outrages2 #fjja,selimus    
killed ,kornutus his youngest brother1  
five of his nephews1 ,mustapha ,bassa1  
and divers others4 #fjjb;,bajazet the   
second ,turk1 jealous of the valour and 
greatness of ,achmet ,bassa1 caused him 
to be slain4 #fjjc,suleiman the         
,magnificent murdered his own son       
,mustapha2 and 'tis an ordinary thing   
amongst them1 to make away their        
brothers1 or any competitors1 at the    

first coming to the crown3 'tis all the 
solemnity they use at their fathers'    
funerals4 ,what mad pranks in his       
jealous fury did ,herod of old commit in
 ,jewry1 when he massacred all the      
children of a year old8 #fjjd,valens the
 emperor in ,constantinople1 when as he 
left no man alive of quality in his     
kingdom that had his name begun with    
,theo2 ,theodoti1 ,theognosti1          
,theodosii1 ,theoduli1 c4 ,they went all
 to their long home1 because a wizard   
told him that name should succeed in his
 empire4 ,and what furious designs hath 
#fjje;,jo4 ,basilius1 that ,muscovian   
tyrant1 practised of late8 ,it is a     
wonder to read that strange suspicion1  
which ,suetonius reports of ,claudius   
,caesar1 and of ,domitian1 they were    
afraid of every man they saw3 and which 
,herodian of ,antoninus and ,geta1 those
 two jealous brothers1 the one could not
 endure so much as the other's servants1
 but made away him1 his chiefest        
followers1 and all that belonged to him1

 or were his well-wishers4              
#fjjf,maximinus perceiving himself to be
 odious to most men1 because he was come
 to that height of honour out of base   
beginnings1 and suspecting his mean     
parentage would be objected to him1     
caused all the senators that were nobly 
descended1 to be slain in a jealous     
humour1 turned all the servants of      
,alexander his predecessor out of doors1
 and slew many of them1 because they    
lamented their master's death1          
suspecting them to be traitors1 for the 
love they bare to him4 ,when ,alexander 
in his fury had made ,clitus his dear   
friend to be put to death1 and saw now  
7saith #fjjg;,curtius7 an alienation in 
his subjects' hearts1 none durst talk   
with him1 he began to be jealous of     
himself1 lest they should attempt as    
much on him1 and said they lived like so
 many wild beasts in a wilderness1 one  
afraid of another4 ,our modern stories  
afford us many notable examples4        
#fjjh;,henry the ,third of ,france1     

jealous of ,henry of ,lorraine1 ,duke of
 ,guise1 anno #aehh1 caused him to be   
murdered in his own chamber4 #fjji,louis
 the ,eleventh was so suspicious1 he    
durst not trust his children1 every man 
about him he suspected for a traitor2   
many strange tricks ,comineus telleth of
 him4 ,how jealous was our ,henry the   
#fjaj;,fourth of ,king ,richard the     
,second1 so long as he lived1 after he  
was deposed8 and of his own son ,henry  
in his latter days8 which the prince    
well perceiving1 came to visit his      
father in his sickness1 in a watchet    
velvet gown1 full of eyelet holes1 and  
with needles sticking in them 7as an    
emblem of jealousy71 and so pacified his
 suspicious father1 after some speeches 
and protestations1 which he had used to 
that purpose4 ,perpetual imprisonment1  
as that of ,robert #fjaa;,duke of       
,normandy1 in the days of ,henry the    
,first1 forbidding of marriage to some  
persons1 with such like edicts and      
prohibitions1 are ordinary in all       

states4 ,in a word 7#fjab;as he said7   
three things cause jealousy1 a mighty   
state1 a rich treasure1 a fair wife2 or 
where there is a cracked title1 much    
tyranny1 and exactions4 ,in our state1  
as being freed from all these fears and 
miseries1 we may be most secure and     
happy under the reign of our fortunate  
prince3 #fjac;,his fortune hath indebted
 him to none ,but to all his people     
universally2 ,and not to them but for   
their love alone1 ,which they account as
 placed worthily4 ,he is so set1 he hath
 no cause to be ,jealous1 or dreadful of
 disloyalty2 ,the pedestal whereon his  
greatness stands4 ,is held of all our   
hearts1 and all our hands4  ,but ,i     
rove1 ,i confess4 ,these equivocations1 
jealousies1 and many such1 which crucify
 the souls of men1 are not here properly
 meant1 or in this distinction of ours  
included1 but that alone which is for   
beauty1 tending to love1 and wherein    
they can brook no co-rival1 or endure   
any participation3 and this jealousy    

belongs as well to brute beasts1 as men4
 ,some creatures1 saith #fjad,vives1    
swans1 doves1 cocks1 bulls1 c41 are     
jealous as well as men1 and as much     
moved1 for fear of communion4           
#fjae;,grege pro toto bella juvenci1 ,si
 con jugio timuere suo1 ,poscunt timidi 
praelia cervi1 ,et mugitus dant concepti
 signa furoris4  ,in ,venus' cause what 
mighty battles make ,your raving bulls1 
and stirs for their herd's sake3 ,and   
harts and bucks that are so timorous1   
,will fight and roar1 if once they be   
but jealous4  ,in bulls1 horses1 goats1 
this is most apparently discerned4      
,bulls especially1 alium in pascuis non 
admittit1 he will not admit another bull
 to feed in the same pasture1 saith     
#fjaf,oppin3 which ,stephanus           
,bathorius1 late king of ,poland1 used  
as an impress1 with that motto1 ,regnum 
non capit duos4 ,r4 ,t4 in his ,blazon  
of ,jealousy1 telleth a story of a swan 
about ,windsor1 that finding a strange  
cock with his mate1 did swim ,i know not

 how many miles after to kill him1 and  
when he had so done1 came back and      
killed his hen2 a certain truth1 he     
saith1 done upon ,thames1 as many       
watermen1 and neighbour gentlemen1 can  
tell4 ,fidem suam liberet2 for my part1 
,i do believe it may be true2 for swans 
have ever been branded with that epithet
 of jealousy4 #fjag,the jealous swanne  
against his death that singeth1 ,and eke
 the owle that of death bode bringeth4  
#fjah,some say as much of elephants1    
that they are more jealous than any     
other creatures whatsoever2 and those   
old ,egyptians1 as #fjai,pierius        
informeth us1 express in their          
hieroglyphics1 the passion of jealousy  
by a camel2 #fjbj;because that fearing  
the worst still about matters of venery1
 he loves solitudes1 that he may enjoy  
his pleasure alone1 et in quoscunque    
obvios insurgit1 ,zelolypiae stimulis   
agitatus1 he will quarrel and fight with
 whatsoever comes next1 man or beast1 in
 his jealous fits4 ,i have read as much 

of #fjba;crocodiles2 and if ,peter      
,martyr's authority be authentic1 legat4
 ,babylonicae lib4 #c4 you shall have a 
strange tale to that purpose confidently
 related4 ,another story of the jealousy
 of dogs1 see in ,hieron4 ,fabricius1   
,tract4 #c4 cap4 #e4 de loquela         
animalium4 ,but this furious passion is 
most eminent in men1 and is as well     
amongst bachelors as married men4 ,if it
 appear amongst bachelors1 we commonly  
call them rivals or co-rivals1 a        
metaphor derived from a river1 rivales1 
a #fjbbrivo2 for as a river1 saith      
,acron in ,hor4 ,art4 ,poet4 and ,donat 
in ,ter4 ,eunuch4 divides a common      
ground between two men1 and both        
participate of it1 so is a woman        
indifferent between two suitors1 both   
likely to enjoy her2 and thence comes   
this emulation1 which breaks out many   
times into tempestuous storms1 and      
produceth lamentable effects1 murder    
itself1 with much cruelty1 many single  
combats4 ,they cannot endure the least  

injury done unto them before their      
mistress1 and in her defence will bite  
off one another's noses2 they are most  
impatient of any flout1 disgrace1 lest  
emulation or participation in that kind4
 #fjbc,lacerat lacerium ,largi mordax   
,memnius4 ,memnius the ,roman 7as ,tully
 tells the story1 de oratore1 lib4 #b471
 being co-rival with ,largus ,terracina1
 bit him by the arm1 which fact of his  
was so famous1 that it afterwards grew  
to a proverb in those parts4            
#fjbd,phaedria could not abide his      
co-rival ,thraso2 for when ,parmeno     
demanded1 numquid aliud imperas8 whether
 he would command him any more service3 
,no more 7saith he7 but to speak in his 
behalf1 and to drive away his co-rival  
if he could4 ,constantine1 in the       
eleventh book of his husbandry1 cap4    
#aa1 hath a pleasant tale of the        
pine-tree2 #fjbeshe was once a fair     
maid1 whom ,pineus and ,boreas1 two     
co-rivals1 dearly sought2 but jealous   
,boreas broke her neck1 c4 ,and in his  

eighteenth chapter he telleth another   
tale of #fjbf,mars1 that in his jealousy
 slew ,adonis4 ,petronius calleth this  
passion amantium furiosum aemulationem1 
a furious emulation2 and their symptoms 
are well expressed by ,sir ,geoffrey    
,chaucer in his first ,canterbury ,tale4
 ,it will make the nearest and dearest  
friends fall out2 they will endure all  
other things to be common1 goods1 lands1
 moneys1 participate of each pleasure1  
and take in good part any disgraces1    
injuries in another kind2 but as        
,propertius well describes it in an     
elegy of his1 in this they will suffer  
nothing1 have no co-rivals4  #fjbg,tu   
mihi vel ferro pectus1 vel perde veneno1
 ,a domina tantum te modo tolle mea3    
,te socium vitae te corporis esse       
licebit1 ,te dominum admitto rebus amice
 meis4  ,lecto te solum1 lecto te       
deprecor uno1 ,rivalem possum non ego   
ferre ,jovem4   ,stab me with sword1 or 
poison strong ,give me to work my bane3 
,so thou court not my lass1 so thou     

,from mistress mine refrain4  ,command  
myself1 my body1 purse1 ,as thine own   
goods take all1  ,and as my ever dearest
 friend1 ,i ever use thee shall4  ,o    
spare my love1 to have alone ,her to    
myself ,i crave1  ,nay1 ,jove himself   
,i'll not endure ,my rival for to have4 
,this jealousy1 which ,i am to treat of1
 is that which belongs to married men1  
in respect of their own wives2 to whose 
estate1 as no sweetness1 pleasure1      
happiness can be compared in the world1 
if they live quietly and lovingly       
together2 so if they disagree or be     
jealous1 those bitter pills of sorrow   
and grief1 disastrous mischiefs1        
mischances1 tortures1 gripings1         
discontents1 are not to be separated    
from them4 ,a most violent passion it is
 where it taketh place1 an unspeakable  
torment1 a hellish torture1 an infernal 
plague1 as ,ariosto calls it1 a fury1 a 
continual fever1 full of suspicion1     
fear1 and sorrow1 a martyrdom1 a        
mirth-marring monster4 ,the sorrow and  

grief of heart of one woman jealous of  
another1 is heavier than death1 ,ecclus4
 xxviii4 #f4 as #fjbh,peninnah did      
,hannah1 vex her and upbraid her sore4  
',tis a main vexation1 a most           
intolerable burden1 a corrosive to all  
content1 a frenzy1 a madness itself2 as 
#fjbi;,beneditto ,varchi proves out of  
that select sonnet of ,giovanni de la   
,casa1 that reverend lord1 as he styles 
him4  ,,subsect4 ,,ii4--,causes of      
,jealousy4 ,who are most apt4 ,idleness1
 melancholy1 impotency1 long absence1   
beauty1 wantonness1 naught themselves4  
,allurements1 from time1 place1 persons1
 bad usage1 causes4  ,astrologers make  
the stars a cause or sign of this bitter
 passion1 and out of every man's        
horoscope will give a probable          
conjecture whether he will be jealous or
 no1 and at what time1 by direction of  
the significators to their several      
promissors3 their aphorisms are to be   
read in ,albubater1 ,pontanus1 ,schoner1
 ,junctine1 c4 ,bodine1 cap4 #e4 meth4  

hist4 ascribes a great cause to the     
country or clime1 and discourseth       
largely there of this subject1 saying1  
that southern men are more hot1         
lascivious1 and jealous1 than such as   
live in the north2 they can hardly      
contain themselves in those hotter      
climes1 but are most subject to         
prodigious lust4 ,leo ,afer telleth     
incredible things almost1 of the lust   
and jealousy of his countrymen of       
,africa1 and especially such as live    
about ,carthage1 and so doth every      
geographer of them in #fjcj;,asia1      
,turkey1 ,spaniards1 ,italians4 ,germany
 hath not so many drunkards1 ,england   
tobacconists1 ,france dancers1 ,holland 
mariners1 as ,italy alone hath jealous  
husbands4 ,and in #fjca;,italy some     
account them of ,piacenza more jealous  
than the rest4 ,in #fjcb;,germany1      
,france1 ,britain1 ,scandia1 ,poland1   
,muscovy1 they are not so troubled with 
this feral malady1 although ,damianus a 
,goes1 which ,i do much wonder at1 in   

his topography of ,lapland1 and         
,herbastein of ,russia1 against the     
stream of all other geographers1 would  
fasten it upon those northern           
inhabitants4 ,altomarius ,poggius1 and  
,munster in his description of ,baden1  
reports that men and women of all sorts 
go commonly into the baths together1    
without all suspicion1 the name of      
jealousy 7saith ,munster7 is not so much
 as once heard of among them4 ,in       
,friesland the women kiss him they drink
 to1 and are kissed again of those they 
pledge4 ,the virgins in ,holland go hand
 in hand with young men from home1 glide
 on the ice1 such is their harmless     
liberty1 and lodge together abroad      
without suspicion1 which rash           
,sansovinus an ,italian makes a great   
sign of unchastity4 ,in ,france1 upon   
small acquaintance1 it is usual to court
 other men's wives1 to come to their    
houses1 and accompany them arm in arm in
 the streets1 without imputation4 ,in   
the most northern countries young men   

and maids familiarly dance together1 men
 and their wives1 #fjccwhich1 ,siena    
only excepted1 ,italians may not abide4 
,the #fjcd;,greeks1 on the other side1  
have their private baths for men and    
women1 where they must not come near1   
nor so much as see one another3 and as  
#fjce;,bodine observes lib4 #e4 de      
repub4 the ,italians could never endure 
this1 or a ,spaniard1 the very conceit  
of it would make him mad3 and for that  
cause they lock up their women1 and will
 not suffer them to be near men1 so much
 as in the #fjcf;church1 but with a     
partition between4 ,he telleth1         
moreover1 how that when he was          
ambassador in ,england1 he heard        
,mendoza the ,spanish legate finding    
fault with it1 as a filthy custom for   
men and women to sit promiscuously in   
churches together2 but ,dr4 ,dale the   
master of the requests told him again1  
that it was indeed a filthy custom in   
,spain1 where they could not contain    
themselves from lascivious thoughts in  

their holy places1 but not with us4     
,baronius in his ,annals1 out of        
,eusebius1 taxeth ,licinius the emperor 
for a decree of his made to this effect1
 ,jubens ne viri simul cum mulieribus in
 ecclesia interessent3 for being        
prodigiously naught himself1 aliorum    
naturam ex sua vitiosa mente spectavit1 
he so esteemed others4 ,but we are far  
from any such strange conceits1 and will
 permit our wives and daughters to go to
 the tavern with a friend1 as ,aubanus  
saith1 modo absit lascivia1 and suspect 
nothing1 to kiss coming and going1      
which1 as ,erasmus writes in one of his 
epistles1 they cannot endure4 ,england  
is a paradise for women1 and hell for   
horses3 ,italy a paradise for horses1   
hell for women1 as the diverb goes4     
,some make a question whether this      
headstrong passion rage more in women   
than men1 as ,montaigne l4 #c4 ,but sure
 it is more outrageous in women1 as all 
other melancholy is1 by reason of the   
weakness of their sex4 ,scaliger ,poet4 

lib4 cap4 #ac4 concludes against women3 
#fjcg;,besides their inconstancy1       
treachery1 suspicion1 dissimulation1    
superstition1 pride1 7for all women are 
by nature proud7 desire of sovereignty1 
if they be great women1 7he gives       
instance in ,juno7 bitterness and       
jealousy are the most remarkable        
affections4 ,sed neque fulvus aper media
 tam fulvus in ira est1 ,fulmineo       
rapidos dum rotat ore canes4 ,nec leo1  
c4------  ,tiger1 boar1 bear1 viper1    
lioness1 ,a woman's fury cannot express4
  #fjch,some say redheaded women1       
pale-coloured1 black-eyed1 and of a     
shrill voice1 are most subject to       
jealousy4 #fjci;,high colour in a woman 
choler shows1 ,naught are they1 peevish1
 proud1 malicious2 ,but worst of all1   
red1 shrill1 and jealous4  ,comparisons 
are odious1 ,i neither parallel them    
with others1 nor debase them any more3  
men and women are both bad1 and too     
subject to this pernicious infirmity4   
,it is most part a symptom and cause of 

melancholy1 as ,plater and ,valescus    
teach us3 melancholy men are apt to be  
jealous1 and jealous apt to be          
melancholy4 ,pale jealousy1 child of    
insatiate love1 ,of heart-sick thoughts 
which melancholy bred1 ,a               
hell-tormenting fear1 no faith can move1
 ,by discontent with deadly poison fed2 
,with heedless youth and error vainly   
led4 ,a mortal plague1 a virtue-drowning
 flood1 ,a hellish fire not quenched but
 with blood4  ,if idleness concur with  
melancholy1 such persons are most apt to
 be jealous2 'tis #fjdj,nevisanus' note1
 an idle woman is presumed to be        
lascivious1 and often jealous4 ,mulier  
cum sola cogitat1 male cogitat3 and 'tis
 not unlikely1 for they have no other   
business to trouble their heads with4   
,more particular causes be these which  
follow4 ,impotency first1 when a man is 
not able of himself to perform those    
dues which he ought unto his wife3 for  
though he be an honest liver1 hurt no   
man1 yet ,trebius the lawyer may make a 

question1 an suum cuique tribuat1       
whether he give every one their own2 and
 therefore when he takes notice of his  
wants1 and perceives her to be more     
craving1 clamorous1 insatiable and prone
 to lust than is fit1 he begins         
presently to suspect1 that wherein he is
 defective1 she will satisfy herself1   
she will be pleased by some other means4
 ,cornelius ,gallus hath elegantly      
expressed this humour in an epigram to  
his ,lychoris4  #fjda;,jamque alios     
juvenes aliosque requirit amores1 ,me   
vocat imbellem decrepitumque senem1 c4  
,for this cause is most evident in old  
men1 that are cold and dry by nature1   
and married1 succi plenis1 to young     
wanton wives2 with old doting ,janivere 
in ,chaucer1 they begin to mistrust all 
is not well1 ------,she was young and he
 was old1 ,and therefore he feared to be
 a cuckold4  ,and how should it         
otherwise be8 old age is a disease of   
itself1 loathsome1 full of suspicion and
 fear2 when it is at best1 unable1 unfit

 for such matters4 #fjdb,tam apta       
nuptiis quam bruma messibus1 as welcome 
to a young woman as snow in harvest1    
saith ,nevisanus3 ,et si capis          
juvenculam1 faciet tibi cornua3 marry a 
lusty maid and she will surely graft    
horns on thy head4 #fjdc;,all women are 
slippery1 often unfaithful to their     
husbands 7as ,aeneas ,sylvius epist4    
#ch4 seconds him71 but to old men most  
treacherous3 they had rather mortem     
amplexarier1 lie with a corse than such 
a one3 #fjdd,oderunt illum pueri1       
contemnunt mulieres4 ,on the other side 
many men1 saith ,hieronymus1 are        
suspicious of their wives1 #fjde;if they
 be lightly given1 but old folks above  
the rest4 ,insomuch that she did not    
complain without a cause in             
#fjdf;,apuleius1 of an old bald         
bedridden knave she had to her good man3
 ,poor woman as ,i am1 what shall ,i do8
 ,i have an old grim sire to my husband1
 as bald as a coot1 as little and as    
unable as a child1 a bedful of bones1 he

 keeps all the doors barred and locked  
upon me1 woe is me1 what shall ,i do8   
,he was jealous1 and she made him a     
cuckold for keeping her up3 suspicion   
without a cause1 hard usage is able of  
itself to make a woman fly out1 that was
 otherwise honest1 #fjdg------plerasque 
bonas tractatio pravas ,esse            
facit1------  bad usage aggravates the  
matter4 ,nam quando mulieres cognoscunt 
maritum hoc advertere1 licentius        
peccant1 #fjdh;as ,nevisanus holds1 when
 a woman thinks her husband watcheth    
her1 she will sooner offend2            
#fjdi,liberius peccant1 et pudor omnis  
abest1 rough handling makes them worse3 
as the goodwife of ,bath in ,chaucer    
brags1 ,in his own grease ,i made him   
frie ,for anger and for every jealousie4
  ,of two extremes1 this of hard usage  
is the worst4 ',tis a great fault 7for  
some men are uxorii7 to be too fond of  
their wives1 to dote on them as         
#fjej,senior ,deliro on his ,fallace1 to
 be too effeminate1 or as some do1 to be

 sick for their wives1 breed children   
for them1 and like the #fjea ,tiberini  
lie in for them1 as some birds hatch    
eggs by turns1 they do all women's      
offices3 ,caelius ,rhodiginus ant4 lect4
 ,lib4 #f4 cap4 #bd4 makes mention of a 
fellow out of ,seneca1 #fjebthat was so 
besotted on his wife1 he could not      
endure a moment out of her company1 he  
wore her scarf when he went abroad next 
his heart1 and would never drink but in 
that cup she began first4 ,we have many 
such fondlings that are their wives'    
packhorses and slaves1 7nam grave malum 
uxor superans virum suum1 as the comical
 poet hath it1 there's no greater misery
 to a man than to let his wife domineer7
 to carry her muff1 dog1 and fan1 let   
her wear the breeches1 lay out1 spend1  
and do what she will1 go and come       
whither1 when she will1 they give       
consent4 ,here1 take my muff1 and1 do   
you hear1 good man2 ,now give me pearl1 
and carry you my fan1 c4                
#fjec------poscit pallam1 redimicula1   

inaures2 ,curre1 quid hic cessas8 vulgo 
vult illa videri1 ,tu pete              
lecticas------  many brave and worthy   
men have trespassed in this kind1 multos
 foras claros domestica haec destruxit  
infamia1 and many noble senators and    
soldiers 7as #fjed,pliny notes7 have    
lost their honour1 in being uxorii1 so  
sottishly overruled by their wives2 and 
therefore ,cato in ,plutarch made a     
bitter jest on his fellow-citizens1 the 
,romans1 we govern all the world abroad1
 and our wives at home rule us4 ,these  
offend in one extreme2 but too hard and 
too severe1 are far more offensive on   
the other4 ,as just a cause may be long 
absence of either party1 when they must 
of necessity be much from home1 as      
lawyers1 physicians1 mariners1 by their 
professions2 or otherwise make          
frivolous1 impertinent journeys1 tarry  
long abroad to no purpose1 lie out1 and 
are gadding still1 upon small occasions1
 it must needs yield matter of          
suspicion1 when they use their wives    

unkindly in the meantime1 and never     
tarry at home1 it cannot use but        
engender some such conceit4 #fjee,uxor  
si cessas amare te cogitat ,aut tote    
amari1 aut potare1 aut animo obsequi1   
,ex tibi bene esse soli1 quum sibi sit  
male4  ,if thou be absent long1 thy wife
 then thinks1 ,th' art drunk1 at ease1  
or with some pretty minx1 ',tis well    
with thee1 or else beloved of some1     
,whilst she poor soul doth fare full ill
 at home4  ,hippocrates1 the physician1 
had a smack of this disease2 for when he
 was to go home as far as ,abdera1 and  
some other remote cities of ,greece1 he 
writ to his friend ,dionysius 7if at    
least those #fjef;,epistles be his7     
#fjeg to oversee his wife in his        
absence1 7as ,apollo set a raven to     
watch his ,coronis7 although she lived  
in his house with her father and mother1
 who be knew would have a care of her2  
yet that would not satisfy his jealousy1
 he would have his special friend       
,dionysius to dwell in his house with   

her all the time of his peregrination1  
and to observe her behaviour1 how she   
carried herself in her husband's        
absence1 and that she did not lust after
 other men4 #fjeh;,for a woman had need 
to have an overseer to keep her honest2 
they are bad by nature1 and lightly     
given all1 and if they be not curbed in 
time1 as an unpruned tree1 they will be 
full of wild branches1 and degenerate of
 a sudden4 ,especially in their         
husband's absence3 though one ,lucretia 
were trusty1 and one ,penelope1 yet     
,clytemnestra made ,agamemnon cuckold2  
and no question there be too many of her
 conditions4 ,if their husbands tarry   
too long abroad upon unnecessary        
business1 well they may suspect3 or if  
they run one way1 their wives at home   
will fly out another1 quid pro quo4 ,or 
if present1 and give them not that      
content which they ought1 #fjei,primum  
ingratae1 mox invisae noctes quae per   
somnum transiguntur1 they cannot endure 
to lie alone1 or to fast long4 #fjfj    

,peter ,godefridus1 in his second book  
of ,love1 and sixth chapter1 hath a     
story out of ,st4 ,anthony's life1 of a 
gentleman1 who1 by that good man's      
advice1 would not meddle with his wife  
in the passion week1 but for his pains  
she set a pair of horns on his head4    
,such another he hath out of ,abstemius1
 one persuaded a new married man1       
#fjfato forbear the three first nights1 
and he should all his lifetime after be 
fortunate in cattle1 but his impatient  
wife would not tarry so long3 well he   
might speed in cattle1 but not in       
children4 ,such a tale hath ,heinsius of
 an impotent and slack scholar1 a mere  
student1 and a friend of his1 that      
seeing by chance a fine damsel sing and 
dance1 would needs marry her1 the match 
was soon made1 for he was young and     
rich1 genis gratus1 corpore glabellus1  
arte multiscius1 et fortuna opulentus1  
like that ,apollo in #fjfb;,apuleius4   
,the first night1 having liberally taken
 his liquor 7as in that country they do7

 my fine scholar was so fuzzled1 that he
 no sooner was laid in bed1 but he fell 
fast asleep1 never waked till morning1  
and then much abashed1 purpureis formosa
 rosis cum ,aurora ruberet2 when the    
fair morn with purple hue 'gan shine1 he
 made an excuse1 ,i know not what1 out  
of ,hippocrates ,cous1 c41 and for that 
time it went current3 but when as       
afterward he did not play the man as he 
should do1 she fell in league with a    
good fellow1 and whilst he sat up late  
at his study about those criticisms1    
mending some hard places in ,festus or  
,pollux1 came cold to bed1 and would    
tell her still what he had done1 she did
 not much regard what he said1 c4       
#fjfc,she would have another matter     
mended much rather1 which he did not    
conceive was corrupt3 thus he continued 
at his study late1 she at her sport1    
alibi enim festivas noctes agitabat1    
hating all scholars for his sake1 till  
at length he began to suspect1 and      
turned a little yellow1 as well he      

might2 for it was his own fault2 and if 
men be jealous in such cases 7#fjfd;as  
oft it falls out7 the mends is in their 
own hands1 they must thank themselves4  
,who will pity them1 saith ,neander1 or 
be much offended with such wives1 si    
deceptae prius viros decipiant1 et      
cornutos reddant1 if they deceive those 
that cozened them first4 ,a lawyer's    
wife in #fjfe;,aristaenetus1 because her
 husband was negligent in his business1 
quando lecto danda opera1 threatened to 
cornute him3 and did not stick to tell  
,philinna1 one of her gossips1 as much1 
and that aloud for him to hear3 ,if he  
follow other men's matters and leave his
 own1 ,i'll have an orator shall plead  
my cause1 ,i care not if he know it4 ,a 
fourth eminent cause of jealousy may be 
this1 when he that is deformed1 and as  
,pindarus of ,vulcan1 sine gratiis      
natus1 hirsute1 ragged1 yet virtuously  
given1 will marry some fair nice piece1 
or light housewife1 begins to misdoubt  
7as well he may7 she doth not affect    

him4 #fjff,lis est cum forma magna      
pudicitiae1 beauty and honesty have ever
 been at odds4 ,abraham was jealous of  
his wife because she was fair3 so was   
,vulcan of his ,venus1 when he made her 
creaking shoes1 saith                   
#fjfg,philostratus1 ne maecharetur1     
sandalio scilicet deferente1 that he    
might hear by them when she stirred1    
which ,mars indigne ferre1 #fjfhwas not 
well pleased with4 ,good cause had      
,vulcan to do as he did1 for she was no 
honester than she should be4 ,your fine 
faces have commonly this fault2 and it  
is hard to find1 saith ,francis         
,philelphus in an epistle to ,saxola his
 friend1 a rich man honest1 a proper    
woman not proud or unchaste4 ,can she be
 fair and honest too8 #fjfi,saepe etenim
 oculuit picta sese hydra sub herba1    
,sub specie formae1 incauto se saepe    
marito ,nequam animus vendit1------  ,he
 that marries a wife that is snowy fair 
alone1 let him look1 saith #fjgj        
,barbarus1 for no better success than   

,vulcan had with ,venus1 or ,claudius   
with ,messalina4 ,and 'tis impossible   
almost in such cases the wife should    
contain1 or the good man not be jealous3
 for when he is so defective1 weak1     
ill-proportioned1 unpleasing in those   
parts which women most affect1 and she  
most absolutely fair and able on the    
other side1 if she be not very          
virtuously given1 how can she love him8 
and although she be not fair1 yet if he 
admire her and think her so1 in his     
conceit she is absolute1 he holds it    
impossible for any man living not to    
dote as he doth1 to look on her and not 
lust1 not to covet1 and if he be in     
company with her1 not to lay siege to   
her honesty3 or else out of a deep      
apprehension of his infirmities1        
deformities1 and other men's good parts1
 out of his own little worth and desert1
 he distrusts himself1 7for what is     
jealousy but distrust87 he suspects she 
cannot affect him1 or be not so kind and
 loving as she should1 she certainly    

loves some other man better than        
himself4 #fjga,nevisanus1 lib4 #d4 num4 
#gb1 will have barrenness to be a main  
cause of jealousy4 ,if her husband      
cannot play the man1 some other shall1  
they will leave no remedies unessayed1  
and thereupon the good man grows        
jealous2 ,i could give an instance1 but 
be it as it is4 ,i find this reason     
given by some men1 because they have    
been formerly naught themselves1 they   
think they may be so served by others1  
they turned up trump before the cards   
were shuffled2 they shall have therefore
 legem talionis1 like for like4         
#fjgb;,ipse miser docui1 quo posset     
ludere pacto ,custodes1 eheu nunc premor
 arte mea4  ,wretch as ,i was1 ,i taught
 her bad to be1 ,and now mine own sly   
tricks are put upon me4  ,mala mens1    
malus animus1 as the saying is1 ill     
dispositions cause ill suspicions4      
#fjgc,there is none jealous1 ,i durst   
pawn my life1 ,but he that hath defiled 
another's wife1 ,and for that he himself

 hath gone astray1 ,he straightway      
thinks his wife will tread that way4    
,to these two above-named causes1 or    
incendiaries of this rage1 ,i may very  
well annex those circumstances of time1 
place1 persons1 by which it ebbs and    
flows1 the fuel of this fury1 as        
#fjgd,vives truly observes2 and such    
like accidents or occasions1 proceeding 
from the parties themselves1 or others1 
which much aggravate and intend this    
suspicious humour4 ,for many men are so 
lasciviously given1 either out of a     
depraved nature1 or too much liberty1   
which they do assume unto themselves1 by
 reason of their greatness1 in that they
 are noble men1 7for licentiae peccandi1
 et multitudo peccantium are great      
motives7 though their own wives be never
 so fair1 noble1 virtuous1 honest1 wise1
 able1 and well given1 they must have   
change4 #fjge,qui cum legitimi junguntur
 fccdere lecti1 ,virtute egregiis1      
facieque domoque puellis1 ,scorta tamen1
 foedasque lupas in fornice quaerunt1   

,et per adulterium nova carpere gaudia  
tentant4  ,who being match'd to wives   
most virtuous1 ,noble1 and fair1 fly out
 lascivious4  ,quod licet ingratum est1 
that which is ordinary1 is unpleasant4  
,nero 7saith ,tacitus7 abhorred ,octavia
 his own wife1 a noble virtuous lady1   
and loved ,acte1 a base quean in        
respect4 #fjgf;,cerinthus rejected      
,sulpitia1 a nobleman's daughter1 and   
courted a poor servant maid4--tanta est 
aliena in messe voluptas1 for that      
#fjggstolen waters be more pleasant3 or 
as ,vitellius the emperor was wont to   
say1 ,jucundiores amores1 qui cum       
periculo habentur1 like stolen venison1 
still the sweetest is that love which is
 most difficultly attained3 they like   
better to hunt by stealth in another    
man's walk1 than to have the fairest    
course that may be at game of their own4
 #fjgh;,aspice ut in coelo modo sol1    
modo luna ministret1 ,sic etiam nobis   
una pella parum est4  ,as sun and moon  
in heaven change their course1 ,so they 

change loves1 though often to the worse4
  ,or that some fair object so forcibly 
moves them1 they cannot contain         
themselves1 be it heard or seen they    
will be at it4 #fjgi,nessus1 the        
centaur1 was by agreement to carry      
,hercules and his wife over the river   
,evenus2 no sooner had he set ,dejanira 
on the other side1 but he would have    
offered violence unto her1 leaving      
,hercules to swim over as he could3 and 
though her husband was a spectator1 yet 
would he not desist till ,hercules1 with
 a poisoned arrow1 shot him to death4   
#fjhj,neptune saw by chance that        
,thessalian ,tyro1 ,eunippius' wife1 he 
forthwith1 in the fury of his lust1     
counterfeited her husband's habit1 and  
made him cuckold4 ,tarquin heard        
,collatine commend his wife1 and was so 
far enraged1 that in the midst of the   
night to her he went4 #fjha,theseus     
stole ,ariadne1 vi rapuit that          
,trazenian ,anaxa1 ,antiope1 and now    
being old1 ,helen1 a girl not yet ready 

for a husband4 ,great men are most part 
thus affected all1 as a horse they      
neigh1 saith #fjhb;,jeremiah1 after     
their neighbours' wives1--ut visa pullus
 adhinnit equa3 and if they be in       
company with other women1 though in     
their own wives' presence1 they must be 
courting and dallying with them4 ,juno  
in ,lucian complains of ,jupiter that he
 was still kissing ,ganymede before her 
face1 which did not a little offend her3
 and besides he was a counterfeit       
,amphitryo1 a bull1 a swan1 a golden    
shower1 and played many such bad pranks1
 too long1 too shameful to relate4 ,or  
that they care little for their own     
ladies1 and fear no laws1 they dare     
freely keep whores at their wives'      
noses4 ',tis too frequent with noblemen 
to be dishonest2 ,pielas1 probitas1     
fides1 privata bona sunt1 as #fjhc;he   
said long since1 piety1 chastity1 and   
such like virtues are for private men3  
not to be much looked after in great    
courts3 and which ,suetonius of the good

 princes of his time1 they might be all 
engraven in one ring1 we may truly hold 
of chaste potentates of our age4 ,for   
great personages will familiarly run out
 in this kind1 and yield occasion of    
offence4 #fjhd ,montaigne1 in his       
,essays1 gives instate in ,caesar1      
,mahomet the ,turk1 that sacked         
,constantinople1 and ,ladislaus1 king of
 ,naples1 that besieged ,florence3 great
 men1 and great soldiers1 are commonly  
great1 c41 probatum est1 they are good  
doers4 ,mars and ,venus are equally     
balanced in their actions1 #fjhe,militis
 in galea nidum fecere columbae1        
,apparet ,marti quam sit amica ,venus4  
,a dove within a headpiece made her     
nest1 ',twixt ,mars and ,venus see an   
interest4  ,especially if they be bald1 
for bald men have ever been suspicious  
7read more in ,aristotle1 ,sect4 #d4    
prob4 #ai47 as ,galba1 ,otho1 ,domitian1
 and remarkable ,caesar amongst the     
rest4 #fjhf,urbani servate uxores1      
maechum calvum adducimus2 besides1 this 

bald ,caesar1 saith ,curio in ,sueton1  
was omnium mulierum vir2 he made love to
 ,eunoe1 queen of ,mauritania2 to       
,cleopatra2 to ,posthumia1 wife to      
,sergius ,sulpitius2 to ,lollia1 wife to
 ,gabinius2 to ,tertulla1 of ,crassus2  
to ,mutia1 ,pompey's wife1 and ,i know  
not how many besides3 and well he might1
 for1 if all be true that ,i have read1 
he had a license to lie with whom he    
list4 ,inter alios honores ,caesari     
decretos 7as ,sueton1 cap4 #eb4 de      
,julio1 and ,dion1 lib4 #dd4 relate7 jus
 illi datum1 cum quibuscunque faeminis  
se jungendi4 ,every private history will
 yield such variety of instances3       
otherwise good1 wise1 discreet men1     
virtuous and valiant1 but too faulty in 
this4 ,priamus had fifty sons1 but      
seventeen alone lawfully begotten4      
#fjhg,philippus ,bonus left fourteen    
bastards4 ,lorenzo de ,medici1 a good   
prince and a wise1 but1 saith           
,machiavel1 #fjhhprodigiously           
lascivious4 ,none so valiant as         

,castruccius ,castrucanus1 but1 as the  
said author hath it1 #fjhinone so       
incontinent as he was4 ,and 'tis not    
only predominant in grandees this fault3
 but if you will take a great man's     
testimony1 'tis familiar with every base
 soldier in ,france1 7and elsewhere1 ,i 
think74 ,this vice 7#fjij saith mine    
author7 is so common with us in ,france1
 that he is of no account1 a mere       
coward1 not worthy the name of a        
soldier1 that is not a notorious        
whoremaster4 ,in ,italy he is not a     
gentleman1 that besides his wife hath   
not a courtesan and a mistress4 ',tis no
 marvel1 then1 if poor women in such    
cases be jealous1 when they shall see   
themselves manifestly neglected1        
contemned1 loathed1 unkindly used3 their
 disloyal husbands to entertain others  
in their rooms1 and many times to court 
ladies to their faces3 other men's wives
 to wear their jewels3 how shall a poor 
woman in such a case moderate her       
passion8 #fjia,quis tibi nunc ,dido     

cernenti talia sensus8 ,how1 on the     
other side1 shall a poor man contain    
himself from this feral malady1 when he 
shall see so manifest signs of his      
wife's inconstancy8 when1 as ,milo's    
wife1 she dotes upon every young man she
 sees1 or1 as #fjib,martial's           
,sota1--deserto sequitur ,clitum marito1
 deserts her husband and follows        
,clitus4 ,though her husband be proper  
and tall1 fair and lovely to behold1    
able to give contentment to any one     
woman1 yet she will taste of the        
forbidden fruit3 ,juvenal's ,iberina to 
a hair1 she is as well pleased with one 
eye as one man4 ,if a young gallant come
 by chance into her presence1 a         
fastidious brisk1 that can wear his     
clothes well in fashion1 with a lock1   
jingling spur1 a feather1 that can      
cringe1 and withal compliment1 court a  
gentlewoman1 she raves upon him1 ,o what
 a lovely proper man he was1 another    
,hector1 an ,alexander1 a goodly man1 a 
demigod1 how sweetly he carried himself1

 with how comely a grace1 sic oculos1   
sic ille manus1 sic ora ferebat1 how    
neatly he did wear his clothes6 #fjic   
,quam sese ore ferens1 quam forti       
pectore et armis1 how bravely did he    
discourse1 ride1 sing1 and dance1 c41   
and then she begins to loathe her       
husband1 repugnans osculatur1 to hate   
him and his filthy beard1 his goatish   
complexion1 as ,doris said of           
,polyphemus1 #fjidtotus qui saniem1     
totus ut hircus olet1 he is a rammy     
fulsome fellow1 a goblin-faced fellow1  
he smells1 he stinks1 ,et caepas simul  
alliumque ructat #fjie--si quando ad    
thalamum1 c41 how like a dizzard1 a     
fool1 an ass1 he looks1 how like a clown
 he behaves himself6 #fjifshe will not  
come near him by her own good will1 but 
wholly rejects him1 as ,venus did her   
fuliginous ,vulcan1 at last1 ,nec ,deus 
hunc mensa1 ,dea nec dignata cubili est4
 #fjig,so did ,lucretia1 a lady of      
,senae1 after she had but seen          
,euryalus1 in ,eurialum tota ferebatur1 

domum reversa1 c41 she would not hold   
her eyes off him in his presence1--     
#fjihtantum egregio decus enitet ore1   
and in his absence could think of none  
but him1 odit virum1 she loathed her    
husband forthwith1 might not abide him3 
#fjii;,et conjugalis negligens tori1    
viro ,praesente1 acerbo nauseat         
fastidio2  ,all against the laws of     
matrimony1 ,she did abhor her husband's 
phis'nomy2  and sought all opportunity  
to see her sweetheart again4 ,now when  
the good man shall observe his wife so  
lightly given1 to be so free and        
familiar with every gallant1 her        
immodesty and wantonness1 7as           
#fajj;,camerarius notes7 it must needs  
yield matter of suspicion to him1 when  
she still pranks up herself beyond her  
means and fortunes1 makes impertinent   
journeys1 unnecessary visitations1 stays
 out so long1 with such and such        
companions1 so frequently goes to plays1
 masks1 feasts1 and all public meetings1
 shall use such immodest #faja;gestures1

 free speeches1 and withal show some    
distaste of her own husband2 how can he 
choose1 though he were another          
,socrates1 but be suspicious1 and       
instantly jealous8 #fajb ,socraticas    
tandem faciet transcendere metas2 more  
especially when he shall take notice of 
their more secret and sly tricks1 which 
to cornute their husbands they commonly 
use 7dum ludis1 ludos haec te facit7    
they pretend love1 honour1 chastity1 and
 seem to respect them before all men    
living1 saints in show1 so cunningly can
 they dissemble1 they will not so much  
as look upon another man in his         
presence1 #fajcso chaste1 so religious1 
and so devout1 they cannot endure the   
name or sight of a quean1 a harlot1 out 
upon her6 and in their outward carriage 
are most loving and officious1 will kiss
 their husband1 and hang about his neck 
7dear husband1 sweet husband71 and with 
a composed countenance salute him1      
especially when he comes home2 or if he 
go from home1 weep1 sigh1 lament1 and   

take upon them to be sick and swoon     
7like ,jocundo's wife in #fajd;,ariosto1
 when her husband was to depart71 and   
yet arrant1 c4 they care not for him1   
,aye me1 the thought 7quoth she7 makes  
me so 'fraid1 ,that scarce the breath   
abideth in my breast2 ,peace1 my sweet  
love and wife1 ,jocundo said1 ,and weeps
 as fast1 and comforts her his best1 c4 
,all this might not assuage the woman's 
pain1 ,needs must ,i die before you come
 again1 ,nor how to keep my life ,i can 
devise1 ,the doleful days and nights ,i 
shall sustain1 ,from meat my mouth1 from
 sleep will keep mine eyes1 c4 ,that    
very night that went before the morrow1 
,that he had pointed surely to depart1  
,jocundo's wife was sick1 and swoon'd   
for sorrow ,amid his arms1 so heavy was 
her heart4  ,and yet for all these      
counterfeit tears and protestations1    
,jocundo coming back in all haste for a 
jewel he had forgot1 ,his chaste and    
yoke-fellow he found ,yok'd with a      
knave1 all honesty neglected1 ,the      

adulterer sleeping very sound1 ,yet by  
his face was easily detected3 ,a        
beggar's brat bred by him from his      
cradle41 ,and now was riding on his     
master's saddle4  ,thus can they        
cunningly counterfeit1 as #faje,platina 
describes their customs1 kiss their     
husbands1 whom they had rather see      
hanging on a gallows1 and swear they    
love him dearer than their own lives1   
whose soul they would not ransom for    
their little dog's1 ------similis si    
permutatio detur1 ,morte viri cupiunt   
aniniani servare catellae4  ,many of    
them seem to be precise and holy        
forsooth1 and will go to such a         
#fajf;church1 to hear such a good man by
 all means1 an excellent man1 when 'tis 
for no other intent 7as he follows it7  
than to see and to be seen1 to observe  
what fashions are in use1 to meet some  
pander1 bawd1 monk1 friar1 or to entice 
some good fellow4 ,for they persuade    
themselves1 as #fajg ,nevisanus shows1  
,that it is neither sin nor shame to lie

 with a lord or parish priest1 if he be 
a proper man2 #fajh;and though she kneel
 often1 and pray devoutly1 'tis 7saith  
,platina7 not for her husband's welfare1
 or children's good1 or any friend1 but 
for her sweetheart's return1 her        
pander's health4 ,if her husband would  
have her go1 she feigns herself sick1   
#faji;,et simulat subito condoluisse    
caput3 her head aches1 and she cannot   
stir3 but if her paramour ask as much1  
she is for him in all seasons1 at all   
hours of the night4 #faaj;,in the       
kingdom of ,malabar1 and about ,goa in  
the ,east ,indies1 the women are so     
subtile that1 with a certain drink they 
give them to drive away cares as they   
say1 #faaathey will make them sleep for 
twenty-four hours1 or so intoxicate them
 that they can remember nought of that  
they saw done1 or heard1 and1 by washing
 of their feet1 restore them again1 and 
so make their husbands cuckolds to their
 faces4 ,some are ill-disposed at all   
times1 to all persons they like1 others 

more wary to some few1 at such and such 
seasons1 as ,augusta1 ,livia1 non nisi  
plena navi vectorem tollebat4 ,but as he
 said1 #faab,no pen could write1 no     
tongue attain to tell1 ,by force of     
eloquence1 or help of art1 ,of women's  
treacheries the hundredth part4  ,both1 
to say truth1 are often faulty2 men and 
women give just occasions in this humour
 of discontent1 aggravate and yield     
matter of suspicion3 but most part of   
the chief causes proceed from other     
adventitious accidents and              
circumstances1 though the parties be    
free1 and both well given themselves4   
,the indiscreet carriage of some        
lascivious gallant 7et e contra of some 
light woman7 by his often frequenting of
 a house1 bold unseemly gestures1 may   
make a breach1 and by his               
over-familiarity1 if he be inclined to  
yellowness1 colour him quite out4 ,if he
 be poor1 basely born1 saith ,beneditto 
,varchi1 and otherwise unhandsome1 he   
suspects him the less2 but if a proper  

man1 such as was ,alcibiades in ,greece1
 and ,castruccius ,castrucanus in       
,italy1 well descended1 commendable for 
his good parts1 he taketh on the more1  
and watcheth his doings4                
#faac,theodosius the emperor gave his   
wife ,eudoxia a golden apple when he was
 a suitor to her1 which she long after  
bestowed upon a young gallant in the    
court1 of her especial acquaintance4    
,the emperor1 espying this apple in his 
hand1 suspected forthwith1 more than    
was1 his wife's dishonesty1 banished him
 the court1 and from that day following 
forbare to accompany her any more4      
#faad;,a rich merchant had a fair wife2 
according to his custom he went to      
travel2 in his absence a good fellow    
tempted his wife2 she denied him2 yet   
he1 dying a little after1 gave her a    
legacy for the love he bore her4 ,at his
 return1 her jealous husband1 because   
she had got more by land than he had    
done at sea1 turned her away upon       
suspicion4 ,now when those other        

circumstances of time and place1        
opportunity and importunity shall       
concur1 what will they not effect8 ,fair
 opportunity can win the coyest she that
 is1 ,so wisely he takes time1 as he'll 
be sure he will not miss3 ,then lie that
 loves her gamesome vein1 and tempers   
toys with art1 ,brings love that        
swimmeth in her eyes to dive into her   
heart4  ,as at plays1 masks1 great      
feasts and banquets1 one singles out his
 wife to dance1 another courts her in   
his presence1 a third tempts her1 a     
fourth insinuates with a pleasing       
compliment1 a sweet smile1 ingratiates  
himself with an amphibological speech1  
as that merry companion in the #faae    
,satirist did to his ,glycerium1        
#faaf;adsidens et interiorem palmam     
amabiliter concutiens1 ,quod meus hortus
 habet sumat impune licebit1 ,si dederis
 nobis quod tuus hortus habet2  with    
many such1 c41 and then as he saith1    
#faag,she may no while in chastity      
abide4 ,that is assaid on every side4   

,for after al great feast1 #faah,vino   
saepe suum nescit amica virum4 ,noah    
7saith #faai;,hierome7 showed his       
nakedness in his drunkenness1 which for 
six hundred years he had covered in     
soberness4 ,lot lay with his daughters  
in his drink1 as ,cyneras with          
,myrrha1--#fabjquid enim ,venus ebria   
curat8 ,the most continent may be       
overcome1 or if otherwise they keep bad 
company1 they that are modest of        
themselves1 and dare not offend1        
confirmed by #fabaothers1 grow impudent1
 and confident1 and get an ill habit4   
#fabb;,alia quaestus gratia matrimonium 
corrumpit1 ,alia peccans multas vult    
morbi habere socias4  ,or if they dwell 
in suspected places1 as in an infamous  
inn1 near some stews1 near monks1       
friars1 ,nevisanus adds1 where be many  
tempters and solicitors1 idle persons   
that frequent their companies1 it may   
give just cause of suspicion4 ,martial  
of old inveighed against them that      
counterfeited a disease to go to the    

bath2 for so1 many times1 ------relicto 
,conjuge ,penelope venit1 abit ,helene4 
,aeneas ,sylvius puts in a caveat       
against princes' courts1 because there  
be tot formosi juvenes qui promittunt1  
so many brave suitors to tempt1 c4      
#fabc;,if you leave her in such a place1
 you shall likely find her in company   
you like not1 either they come to her1  
or she is gone to them4 #fabd,kornmannus
 makes a doubting jest in his lascivious
 country1 ,virginis illibata censeatur  
ne castitas ad quam frequentur accedant 
scholares8 ,and ,baldus the lawyer      
scoffs on1 quum scholaris1 inquit1      
loquitur cum puella1 non praesumitur ei 
dicere1 ,pater noster1 when a scholar   
talks with a maid1 or another man's wife
 in private1 it is presumed he saith not
 a pater noster4 ,or if ,i shall see a  
monk or a friar climb up a ladder at    
midnight into a virgin's or widow's     
chamber window1 ,i shall hardly think he
 then goes to administer the sacraments1
 or to take her confession4 ,these are  

the ordinary causes of jealousy1 which  
are intended or remitted as the         
circumstances vary4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4      
,symptoms of ,jealousy1 ,fear1 ,sorrow1 
,suspicion1 strange ,actions1 ,gestures1
 ,outrages1 ,locking up1 ,oaths1        
,trials1 ,laws1 c4  ,of all passions1 as
 ,i have already proved1 love is most   
violent1 and of those bitter potions    
which this love-melancholy affords1 this
 bastard jealousy is the greatest1 as   
appears by those prodigious symptoms    
which it hath1 and that it produceth4   
,for besides fear and sorrow1 which is  
common to all melancholy1 anxiety of    
mind1 suspicion1 aggravation1 restless  
thoughts1 paleness1 meagreness1 neglect 
of business1 and the like1 these men are
 farther yet misaffected1 and in a      
higher strain4 ',tis a more vehement    
passion1 a more furious perturbation1 a 
bitter pain1 a fire1 a pernicious       
curiosity1 a gall corrupting the honey  
of our life1 madness1 vertigo1 plague1  
hell1 they are more than ordinarily     

disquieted1 they lose bonum pacis1 as   
#fabe;,chrysostom observes2 and though  
they be rich1 keep sumptuous tables1 be 
nobly allied1 yet miserrimi omnium sunt1
 they are most miserable1 they are more 
than ordinarily discontent1 more sad1   
nihil tristius1 more than ordinarily    
suspicious4 ,jealousy1 saith            
#fabf,vives1 begets unquietness in the  
mind1 night and day3 he hunts after     
every word he hears1 every whisper1 and 
amplifies it to himself 7as all         
melancholy men do in other matters7 with
 a most unjust calumny of others1 he    
misinterprets everything is said or     
done1 most apt to mistake or            
misconstrue1 he pries into every corner1
 follows close1 observes to a hair4     
',tis proper to jealousy so to do1 ,pale
 hag1 infernal fury1 pleasure's smart1  
,envy's observer1 prying in every part4 
,besides those strange gestures of      
staring1 frowning1 grinning1 rolling of 
eyes1 menacing1 ghastly looks1 broken   
pace1 interrupt1 precipitate1           

half-turns4 ,he will sometimes sigh1    
weep1 sob for anger4 ,nempe suos imbres 
etiam ista tonitrua fundunt1#fabg--swear
 and belie1 slander any man1 curse1     
threaten1 brawl1 scold1 fight2 and      
sometimes again flatter and speak fair1 
ask forgiveness1 kiss and coll1 condemn 
his rashness and folly1 vow1 protest1   
and swear he will never do so again2 and
 then eftsoons1 impatient as he is1     
rave1 roar1 and lay about him like a    
madman1 thump her sides1 drag her about 
perchance1 drive her out of doors1 send 
her home1 he will be divorced forthwith1
 she is a whore1 c41 and by-and-by with 
all submission compliment1 entreat her  
fair1 and bring her in again1 he loves  
her dearly1 she is his sweet1 most kind 
and loving wife1 he will not change1 nor
 leave her for a kingdom2 so he         
continues off and on1 as the toy takes  
him1 the object moves him1 but most part
 brawling1 fretting1 unquiet he is1     
accusing and suspecting not strangers   
only1 but brothers and sisters1 father  

and mother1 nearest and dearest friends4
 ,he thinks with those ,italians1 ,chi  
non tocca parentado1 ,tocca mai e rado4 
,and through fear conceives unto himself
 things almost incredible and impossible
 to be effected4 ,as a heron when she   
fishes1 still prying on all sides2 or as
 a cat doth a mouse1 his eye is never   
off hers2 he gloats on him1 on her1     
accurately observing on whom she looks1 
who looks at her1 what she saith1 doth1 
at dinner1 at supper1 sitting1 walking1 
at home1 abroad1 he is the same1 still  
inquiring1 maundering1 gazing1          
listening1 affrighted with every small  
object2 why did she smile1 why did she  
pity him1 commend him8 why did she drink
 twice to such a man8 why did she offer 
to kiss1 to dance8 c41 a whore1 a whore1
 an arrant whore4 ,all this he          
confesseth in the poet1 #fabh,omnia me  
terrent1 timidus sum1 ignosce timori4   
,et miser in tunica suspicor esse virum4
 ,me laedit si multa tibi dabit oscula  
mater1 ,me soror1 et cum qua dormit     

amica simul4  ,each thing affrights me1 
,i do fear1 ,ah pardon me my fear1 ,i   
doubt a man is hid within ,the clothes  
that thou dost wear4  ,is it not a man  
in woman's apparel8 is not somebody in  
that great chest1 or behind the door1 or
 hangings1 or in some of those barrels8 
may not a man steal in at the window    
with a ladder of ropes1 or come down the
 chimney1 have a false key1 or get in   
when he is asleep8 ,if a mouse do but   
stir1 or the wind blow1 a casement      
clatter1 that's the villain1 there he   
is3 by his goodwill no man shall see    
her1 salute her1 speak with her1 she    
shall not go forth of his sight1 so much
 as to do her needs4 #fabi,non ita bovem
 argus1 c4 ,argus did not so keep his   
cow1 that watchful dragon the golden    
fleece1 or ,cerberus the coming in of   
hell1 as he keeps his wife4 ,if a dear  
friend or near kinsman come as guest to 
his house1 to visit him1 he will never  
let him be out of his own sight and     
company1 lest1 peradventure1 c4 ,if the 

necessity of his business be such that  
he must go from home1 he doth either    
lock her up1 or commit her with a deal  
of injunctions and protestations to some
 trusty friends1 him and her he sets and
 bribes to oversee3 one servant is set  
in his absence to watch another1 and all
 to observe his wife1 and yet all this  
will not serve1 though his business be  
very urgent1 he will when he is halfway 
come back in all post haste1 rise from  
supper1 or at midnight1 and be gone1 and
 sometimes leave his business undone1   
and as a stranger court his own wife in 
some disguised habit4 ,though there be  
no danger at all1 no cause of suspicion1
 she live in such a place1 where        
,messalina herself could not be         
dishonest if she would1 yet he suspects 
her as much as if she were in a         
bawdy-house1 some prince's court1 or in 
a common inn1 where all comers might    
have free access4 ,he calls her on a    
sudden all to nought1 she is a strumpet1
 a light housewife1 a bitch1 an arrant  

whore4 ,no persuasion1 no protestation  
can divert this passion1 nothing can    
ease him1 secure or give him            
satisfaction4 ,it is most strange to    
report what outrageous acts by men and  
women have been committed in this kind1 
by women especially1 that will run after
 their husbands into all places and     
companies1 #facj;as ,jovianus           
,pontanus's wife did by him1 follow him 
whithersoever he went1 it matters not1  
or upon what business1 raving like ,juno
 in the tragedy1 miscalling1 cursing1   
swearing1 and mistrusting every one she 
sees4 ,gomesius in his third book of the
 ,life and ,deeds of ,francis ,ximenius1
 sometime archbishop of ,toledo1 hath a 
strange story of that incredible        
jealousy of ,joan queen of ,spain1 wife 
to ,king ,philip1 mother of ,ferdinand  
and ,charles the ,fifth1 emperors2 when 
her husband ,philip1 either for that he 
was tired with his wife's jealousy1 or  
had some great business1 went into the  
,low ,countries3 she was so impatient   

and melancholy upon his departure1 that 
she would scarce eat her meat1 or       
converse with any man2 and though she   
were with child1 the season of the year 
very bad1 the wind against her1 in all  
haste she would to sea after him4       
,neither ,isabella her queen mother1 the
 archbishop1 or any other friend could  
persuade her to the contrary1 but she   
would after him4 ,when she was now come 
into the ,low ,countries1 and kindly    
entertained by her husband1 she could   
not contain herself1 #faca;but in a rage
 ran upon a yellow-haired wench1 with   
whom she suspected her husband to be    
naught1 cut off her hair1 did beat her  
black and blue1 and so dragged her      
about4 ,it is an ordinary thing for     
women in such cases to scratch the      
faces1 slit the noses of such as they   
suspect2 as ,henry the ,second's        
importune ,juno did by ,rosamond at     
,woodstock2 for she complains in a      
#facbmodern poet1 she scarce spake1 ,but
 flies with eager fury to my face1      

,offering me most unwomanly disgrace4   
,look how a tigress1 c4 ,so fell she on 
me in outrageous wise1 ,as could disdain
 and jealousy devise4  ,or if it be so  
they dare not or cannot execute any such
 tyrannical injustice1 they will        
miscall1 rail and revile1 bear them     
deadly hate and malice1 as #facc,tacitus
 observes1 ,the hatred of a jealous     
woman is inseparable against such as she
 suspects4 #facd,nulla vis flammae      
tumidique venti ,tanta1 nec teli        
metuanda torti4 ,quanta cum conjux      
viduata taedis ,ardet et odit4  ,winds1 
weapons1 flames make not such hurly     
burly1 ,as raving women turn all        
topsy-turvy4  ,so did ,agrippina by     
,lollia1 and ,calphurnia in the days of 
,claudius4 ,but women are sufficiently  
curbed in such cases1 the rage of men is
 more eminent1 and frequently put in    
practice4 ,see but with what rigour     
those jealous husbands tyrannise over   
their poor wives4 ,in ,greece1 ,spain1  
,italy1 ,turkey1 ,africa1 ,asia1 and    

generally over all those hot countries1 
#face ,mulieres vestrae terra vestra1   
arate sicut vultis4 ,mahomet in his     
,alcoran gives this power to men1 your  
wives are as your land1 till them1 use  
them1 entreat them fair or foul1 as you 
will yourselves4 #facf,mecastor lege    
dura vivunt mulieres1 they lock them    
still in their houses1 which are so many
 prisons to them4 will suffer nobody to 
come at them1 or their wives to be seen 
abroad1--nec campos liceat lustrare     
patentes4 ,they must not so much as look
 out4 ,and if they be great persons1    
they have eunuchs to keep them1 as the  
,grand ,signior among the ,turks1 the   
,sophies of ,persia1 those ,tartarian   
,mogors1 and ,kings of ,china4 ,infantes
 masculos castrant innumeros ut regi    
serviant1 saith #facg,riccius1 they geld
 innumerable infants to this purpose2   
the ,king of #fach;,china maintains     
#aj1jjj eunuchs in his family to keep   
his wives4 ,the ,xeriffes of ,barbary   
keep their courtesans in such a strict  

manner1 that if any man come but in     
sight of them he dies for it2 and if    
they chance to see a man1 and do not    
instantly cry out1 though from their    
windows1 they must be put to death4 ,the
 ,turks have ,i know not how many black1
 deformed eunuchs 7for the white serve  
for other ministeries7 to this purpose  
sent commonly from ,egypt1 deprived in  
their childhood of all their privities1 
and brought up in the seraglio at       
,constantinople to keep their wives2    
which are so penned up they may not     
confer with any living man1 or converse 
with younger women1 have a cucumber or  
carrot sent into them for their diet1   
but sliced1 for fear1 c4 and so live and
 are left alone to their unchaste       
thoughts all the days of their lives4   
,the vulgar sort of women1 if at any    
time they come abroad1 which is very    
seldom1 to visit one another1 or to go  
to their baths1 are so covered1 that no 
man can see them1 as the matrons were in
 old ,rome1 lectica aut sella tecta1    

vectae1 so #faci;,dion and ,seneca      
record1 ,velatae totae incedunt1 which  
#fadj;,alexander ab ,alexandro relates  
of the ,parthians1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #bd4   
which1 with ,andreas ,tiraquellus his   
commentator1 ,i rather think should be  
understood of ,persians4 ,i have not yet
 said all1 they do not only lock them   
up1 sed et pudendis seras adhibent3 hear
 what ,bembus relates lib4 #f4 of his   
,venetian history1 of those inhabitants 
that dwell about ,quilon in ,africa4    
,lusitani1 inquit1 quorundum civitates  
adierunt3 qui natis statim faeminis     
naturam consuunt1 quoad urinae exitus ne
 impediatur1 easque quum adoleverint sic
 consutas in matrimonium collocant1 ut  
sponsi prima cura sit conglutinatas     
puellae oras ferro interscindere4 ,in   
some parts of ,greece at this day1 like 
those old ,jews1 they will not believe  
their wives are honest1 nisi pannum     
menstruatum prima nocte videant3 our    
countryman #fada,sands1 in his          
peregrination1 saith it is severely     

observed in ,zanzynthus1 or ,zante2 and 
,leo ,afer in his time at ,fez1 in      
,africa1 non credunt virginem esse nisi 
videant sanguineam mappam2 si non1 ad   
parentes pudore rejicitur4 ,those sheets
 are publicly shown by their parents1   
and kept as a sign of incorrupt         
virginity4 ,the ,jews of old examined   
their maids ex tenui membrana1 called   
,hymen1 which ,laurentius in his        
anatomy1 ,columbus lib4 #ab4 cap4 #aj4  
,capivaccius lib4 #d4 cap4 #aa4 de uteri
 affectibus1 ,vincent1 ,alsarus         
,genuensis quaesit4 med4 cent4 #d4      
,hieronymus ,mercurialis consult4       
,ambros4 ,pareus1 ,julius ,caesar       
,claudinus ,respons4 #d4 as that also de
 #fadbruptura venarum ut sauguis fluat1 
copiously confute2 'tis no sufficient   
trial they contend4 ,and yet others     
again defend it1 ,gaspar ,bartholinus   
,institut4 ,anat4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ca4    
,pinaeus of ,paris1 ,albertus ,magnus de
 secret4 mulier4 cap4 #i  #aj4 c4 and   
think they speak too much in favour of  

women4 #fadc ,ludovicus ,boncialus lib4 
#d4 cap4 #b4 muliebr4 naturalem illam   
uteri labiorum constrictionem1 in qua   
virginitatem consistere volunt1         
astringentibus medicinis fieri posse    
vendicat1 et si defloratae sint1 astutae
 #faddmulieres 7inquit7 nos fallunt in  
his4 ,idem ,alsarius ,crucius ,genuensis
 iisdem fere verbis4 ,idem ,avicenna    
lib4 #c4 ,fen4 #bj4 ,tract4 #a1 cap4    
#dg4 #fade,rhasis ,continent4 lib4 #bd4 
,rodericus a ,castro de nat4 mul4 lib4  
#a4 cap4 #c4 ,an old bawdy nurse in     
#fadf;,aristaenetus1 7like that ,spanish
 ,caelestina1 #fadgquae1 quinque mille  
virgines fecit mulieres1 totidemque     
mulieres arte sua virgines7 when a fair 
maid of her acquaintance wept and made  
her moan to her1 how she had been       
deflowered1 and now ready to be married1
 was afraid it would be perceived1      
comfortably replied1 ,noli vereri filia1
 c4 ,fear not1 daughter1 ,i'll teach    
thee a trick to help it4 ,sed haec extra
 callem4 ,to what end are all those     

astrological questions1 an sit virgo1 an
 sit casta1 an sit mulier8 and such     
strange absurd trials in ,albertus      
,magnus1 ,bap4 ,porta1 ,mag4 lib4 #b4   
cap4 #ba4 in ,wecker4 lib4 #e4 de       
secret1 by stones1 perfumes1 to make    
them piss1 and confess ,i know not what 
in their sleep2 some jealous brain was  
the first founder of them4 ,and to what 
passion may we ascribe those severe laws
 against jealousy1 ,num4 v4 #ad1        
,adulterers ,deut4 cap4 #bb4 v4 xxii4 as
 amongst the ,hebrews1 amongst the      
,egyptians 7read #fadh;,bohemus l4 #a4  
c4 #e4 de mor4 gen4 of the              
,carthaginians1 cap4 #f4 of ,turks1 lib4
 #b4 cap4 #aa47 amongst the ,athenians  
of old1 ,italians at this day1 wherein  
they are to be severely punished1 cut in
 pieces1 burned1 vivi-comburio1 buried  
alive1 with several expurgations1 c4 are
 they not as so many symptoms of        
incredible jealousy8 we may say the same
 of those vestal virgins that fetched   
water in a sieve1 as ,tatia did in      

,rome1 anno ab4 urb4 condita #hjj4      
before the senators2 and #fadi;,aemilia1
 virgo innocens1 that ran over hot      
irons1 as ,emma1 ,edward the            
,confessor's mother did1 the king       
himself being a spectator1 with the     
like4 ,we read in ,nicephorus1 that     
,chunegunda the wife of ,henricus       
,bavarus emperor1 suspected of adultery1
 insimulata adulterii per ignitos       
vomeres illaesa transiit1 trod upon red 
hot coulters1 and had no harm3 such     
another story we find in ,regino lib4   
#b4 ,in ,aventinus and ,sigonius of     
,charles the ,third and his wife        
,richarda1 an4 #hhg1 that was so purged 
with hot irons4 ,pausanias saith1 that  
he was once an eyewitness of such a     
miracle at ,diana's temple1 a maid      
without any harm at all walked upon     
burning coals4 ,pius ,secund4 in his    
description of ,europe1 c4 #df4 relates 
as much1 that it was commonly practised 
at ,diana's temple1 for women to go     
barefoot over hot coals1 to try their   

honesties3 ,plinius1 ,solinus1 and many 
writers1 make mention of                
#faej;,geronia's temple1 and ,dionysius 
,halicarnassus1 lib4 #c4 of ,memnon's   
statue1 which were used to this purpose4
 ,tatius lib4 #f4 of ,pan his cave1     
7much like old ,st4 ,wilfrid's needle in
 ,yorkshire7 wherein they did use to    
try1 maids1 #faeawhether they were      
honest2 when ,leucippe went in1         
suavissimus exaudiri sonus caepit       
,austin de civ4 ,dei lib4 #aj4 c4 #af4  
relates many such examples1 all which   
,lavater de spectr4 part4 #a4 cap4 #ai  
contends to be done by the illusion of  
devils2 though ,thomas quaest4 #f4 de   
polentia1 c4 ascribes it to good angels4
 ,some1 saith #faeb;,austin1 compel     
their wives to swear they be honest1 as 
if perjury were a lesser sin than       
adultery2 #faecsome consult oracles1 as 
,phaerus that blind king of ,egypt4     
,others reward1 as those old ,romans    
used to do2 if a woman were contented   
with one man1 ,corona pudicitiae        

donabatur1 she had a crown of chastity  
bestowed on her4 ,when all this will not
 serve1 saith ,alexander ,gaguinus1 cap4
 #e4 descript4 ,muscoviae1 the          
,muscovites1 if they suspect their      
wives1 will beat them till they confess1
 and if that will not avail1 like those 
wild ,irish1 be divorced at their       
pleasures1 or else knock them on the    
heads1 as the old #faed;,gauls have done
 in former ages4 ,of this tyranny of    
jealousy read more in ,parthenius ,erot4
 cap4 #aj4 ,camerarius cap4 #ec4 hor4   
subcis4 et cent4 #b4 cap4 #cd4 ,caelia's
 epistles1 ,tho4 ,chaloner de repub4    
,aug4 lib4 #i4 ,ariosto lib4 #ca4 stasse
 #a4 ,felix ,platerus observat4 lib4 #a4
 c4  ,,memb4 ,,iii4  ,prognostics of    
,jealousy4 ,despair1 ,madness1 to make  
away themselves and others4  ,those     
which are jealous1 most part1 if they be
 not otherwise relieved1 #faeeproceed   
from suspicion to hatred1 from hatred to
 frenzy1 madness1 injury1 murder and    
despair4 #faef;,a plague by whose most  

damnable effect4 ,divers in deep despair
 to die have sought1 ,by which a man to 
madness near is brought1 ,as well with  
causeless as with just suspect4  ,in    
their madness many times1 saith         
#faeg,vives1 they make away themselves  
and others4 ,which induceth ,cyprian to 
call it1 ,foecundam et multiplicem      
perniciem1 fontem cladium et seminarium 
delictorum1 a fruitful mischief1 the    
seminary of offences1 and fountain of   
murders4 ,tragical examples are too     
common in this kind1 both new and old1  
in all ages1 as of #faeh ,cephalus and  
,procris1 #faei,phaereus of ,egypt1     
,tereus1 ,atreus1 and ,thyestes4        
#fafj;,alexander ,phaereus was murdered 
of his wife1 ob pellicatus suspitionem1 
,tully saith4 ,antoninus ,verus was so  
made away by ,lucilla2 ,demetrius the   
son of ,antigonus1 and ,nicanor1 by     
their wives4 ,hercules poisoned by      
,dejanira1 #fafa;,caecinna murdered by  
,vespasian1 ,justina1 a ,roman lady1 by 
her husband4 #fafb;,amestris1 ,xerxes'  

wife1 because she found her husband's   
cloak in ,masista's house1 cut off      
,masista1 his wife's paps1 and gave them
 to the dogs1 flayed her besides1 and   
cut off her ears1 lips1 tongue1 and slit
 the nose of ,artaynta her daughter4    
,our late writers are full of such      
outrages4 #fafc,paulus ,aemilius1 in his
 history of ,france1 hath a tragical    
story of ,chilpericus the ,first his    
death1 made away by ,ferdegunde his     
queen4 ,in a jealous humour he came from
 hunting1 and stole behind his wife1 as 
she was dressing and combing her head in
 the sun1 gave her a familiar touch with
 his wand1 which she mistaking for her  
lover1 said1 ,ah ,landre1 a good knight 
should strike before1 and not behind3   
but when she saw herself betrayed by his
 presence1 she instantly took order to  
make him away4 ,hierome ,osorius1 in his
 eleventh book of the deeds of ,emanuel 
,king of ,portugal1 to this effect hath 
a tragical narration of one ,ferdinandus
 ,chalderia1 that wounded ,gotherinus1 a

 noble countryman of his1 at ,goa in the
 ,east ,indies1 #fafd;and cut off one of
 his legs1 for that he looked as he     
thought too familiarly upon his wife1   
which was afterwards a cause of many    
quarrels1 and much bloodshed4           
,guianerius cap4 #cf4 de aegritud4 matr4
 speaks of a silly jealous fellow1 that 
seeing his child new-born included in a 
caul1 thought sure a #fafe;,franciscan  
that used to come to his house1 was the 
father of it1 it was so like the friar's
 cowl1 and thereupon threatened the     
friar to kill him3 ,fulgosus of a woman 
in ,narbonne1 that cut off her husband's
 privities in the night1 because she    
thought he played false with her4 ,the  
story of ,jonuses ,bassa1 and fair      
,manto his wife1 is well known to such  
as have read the ,turkish history2 and  
that of ,joan of ,spain1 of which ,i    
treated in my former section4 ,her      
jealousy1 saith ,gomesius1 was the cause
 of both their deaths3 ,king ,philip    
died for grief a little after1 as       

#faff,martian his physician gave it out1
 and she for her part after a melancholy
 discontented life1 misspent in         
lurking-holes and corners1 made an end  
of her miseries4 ,felix ,plater1 in the 
first book of his observations1 hath    
many such instances1 of a physician of  
his acquaintance1 #fafgthat was first   
mad through jealousy1 and afterwards    
desperate3 of a merchant #fafhthat      
killed his wife in the same humour1 and 
after precipitated himself3 of a doctor 
of law that cut off his man's nose3 of a
 painter's wife in ,basil1 anno #afjj1  
that was mother of nine children and had
 been twenty-seven years married1 yet   
afterwards jealous1 and so impatient    
that she became desperate1 and would    
neither eat nor drink in her own house1 
for fear her husband should poison her4 
',tis a common sign this2 for when once 
the humours are stirred1 and the        
imagination misaffected1 it will vary   
itself in divers forms2 and many such   
absurd symptoms will accompany1 even    

madness itself4 ,skenkius observat4 lib4
 #d4 cap4 de ,uter4 hath an example of a
 jealous woman that by this means had   
many fits of the mother3 and in his     
first book of some that through jealousy
 ran mad3 of a baker that gelded himself
 to try his wife's honesty1 c4 ,such    
examples are too common4  ,,memb4 ,,iv4 
,,subsect ,i4--,cure of ,jealousy2 by   
avoiding occasions1 not to be idle3 of  
good counsel2 to contemn it1 not to     
watch or lock them up3 to dissemble it1 
c4  ,as of all other melancholy1 some   
doubt whether this malady may be cured  
or no1 they think 'tis like the         
#fafi;gout1 or ,switzers1 whom we       
commonly call ,walloons1 those hired    
soldiers1 if once they take possession  
of a castle1 they can never be got out4 
,qui timet ut sua sit1 ne quis sibi     
subtrahat illam1 ,ille ,machaonia vix   
ope salvus est4  #fagj,this is the cruel
 wound against whose smart1 ,no liquor's
 force prevails1 or any plaister1 ,no   
skill of stars1 no depth of magic art1  

,devised by that great clerk ,zoroaster1
 ,a wound that so infects the soul and  
heart1 ,as all our sense and reason it  
doth master2 ,a wound whose pang and    
torment is so durable1 ,as it may       
rightly called be incurable4  ,yet what 
,i have formerly said of other          
melancholy1 ,i will say again1 it may be
 cured or mitigated at least by some    
contrary passion1 good counsel and      
persuasion1 if it be withstood in the   
beginning1 maturely resisted1 and as    
those ancients hold1 #fagathe nails of  
it be pared before they grow too long4  
,no better means to resist or repel it  
than by avoiding idleness1 to be still  
seriously busied about some matters of  
importance1 to drive out those vain     
fears1 foolish fantasies and irksome    
suspicions out of his head1 and then to 
be persuaded by his judicious friends1  
to give ear to their good counsel and   
advice1 and wisely to consider1 how much
 he discredits himself1 his friends1    
dishonours his children1 disgraceth his 

family1 publisheth his shame1 and as a  
trumpeter of his own misery1 divulgeth1 
macerates1 grieves himself and others2  
what an argument of weakness it is1 how 
absurd a thing in its own nature1 how   
ridiculous1 how brutish a passion1 how  
sottish1 how odious2 for as             
#fagb;,hierome well hath it1 ,odium sui 
facit1 et ipse novissime sibi odio est1 
others hate him1 and at last he hates   
himself for it2 how harebrain a disease1
 mad and furious4 ,if he will but hear  
them speak1 no doubt he may be cured4   
#fagc;,joan1 queen of ,spain1 of whom ,i
 have formerly spoken1 under pretence of
 changing air was sent to ,complutum1 or
 ,alcada de las ,heneras1 where         
,ximenius the archbishop of ,toledo then
 lived1 that by his good counsel 7as for
 the present she was7 she might be      
eased4 #fagd;,for a disease of the soul1
 if concealed1 tortures and overturns   
it1 and by no physic can sooner be      
removed than by a discreet man's        
comfortable speeches4 ,i will not here  

insert any consolatory sentences to this
 purpose1 or forestall any man's        
invention1 but leave it every one to    
dilate and amplify as he shall think fit
 in his own judgment3 let him advise    
with ,siracides cap4 #i4 #a4 ,be not    
jealous over the wife of thy bosom2 read
 that comfortable and pithy speech to   
this purpose of ,ximenius1 in the author
 himself1 as it is recorded by          
,gomesius2 consult with ,chaloner lib4  
#i4 de repub4 ,anglor4 or ,caelia in her
 epistles1 c4 ,only this ,i will add1   
that if it be considered aright1 which  
causeth this jealous passion1 be it just
 or unjust1 whether with or without     
cause1 true or false1 it ought not so   
heinously to be taken2 'tis no such real
 or capital matter1 that it should make 
so deep a wound4 ',tis a blow that hurts
 not1 an insensible smart1 grounded many
 times upon false suspicion alone1 and  
so fostered by a sinister conceit4 ,if  
she be not dishonest1 he troubles and   
macerates himself without a cause2 or   

put case which is the worst1 he be a    
cuckold1 it cannot be helped1 the more  
he stirs in it1 the more he aggravates  
his own misery4 ,how much better were it
 in such a case to dissemble or contemn 
it8 why should that be feared which     
cannot be redressed8 multae tandem      
deposuerunt 7saith #fage,vives7 quum    
flecti maritos non posse vident1 many   
women1 when they see there is no remedy1
 have been pacified2 and shall men be   
more jealous than women8 ',tis some     
comfort in such a case to have          
companions1 ,solamen miseris socios     
habuisse doloris2 ,who can say he is    
free8 ,who can assure himself he is not 
one de praeterito1 or secure himself de 
futuro8 ,if it were his case alone1 it  
were hard2 but being as it is almost a  
common calamity1 'tis not so grievously 
to be taken4 ,if a man have a lock1     
which every man's key will open1 as well
 as his own1 why should he think to keep
 it private to himself8 ,in some        
countries they make nothing of it1 ne   

nobiles quidem1 saith #fagf,leo ,afer1  
in many parts of ,africa 7if she be past
 fourteen7 there's not a nobleman that  
marries a maid1 or that hath a chaste   
wife2 'tis so common2 as the moon gives 
horns once a month to the world1 do they
 to their husbands at least4 ,and 'tis  
most part true which that ,caledonian   
lady1 #fagg;,argetocovus1 a ,british    
prince's wife1 told ,julia ,augusta1    
when she took her up for dishonesty1 ,we
 ,britons are naught at least with some 
few choice men of the better sort1 but  
you ,romans lie with every base knave1  
you are a company of common whores4     
,severus the emperor in his time made   
laws for the restraint of this vice2 and
 as #fagh;,dion ,nicaeus relates in his 
life1 tria millia maechorum1 three      
thousand cuckold-makers1 or naturae     
monetam adulterantes1 as ,philo calls   
them1 false coiners1 and clippers of    
nature's money1 were summoned into the  
court at once4 ,and yet1 ,non omnem     
molitor quae fluit undam videt1 the     

miller sees not all the water that goes 
by his mill3 no doubt1 but1 as in our   
days1 these were of the commonalty1 all 
the great ones were not so much as      
called in question for it4              
#fagi,martial's ,epigram ,i suppose     
might have been generally applied in    
those licentious times1 ,omnia solus    
habes1 c41 thy goods1 lands1 money1 wits
 are thine own1 ,uxorem sed habes       
,candide cum populo2 but neighbour      
,candidus your wife is common3 husband  
and cuckold in that age it seems were   
reciprocal terms2 the emperors          
themselves did wear ,actaeon's badge2   
how many ,caesars might ,i reckon up    
together1 and what a catalogue of       
cornuted kings and princes in every     
story8 ,agamemnon1 ,menelaus1 ,philippus
 of ,greece1 ,ptolomeus of ,egypt1      
,lucullus1 ,caesar1 ,pompeius1 ,cato1   
,augustus1 ,antonius1 ,antoninus1 c41   
that wore fair plumes of bull's feathers
 in their crests4 ,the bravest soldiers 
and most heroical spirits could not     

avoid it4 ,they have been active and    
passive in this business1 they have     
either given or taken horns4 #fahj,king 
,arthur1 whom we call one of the nine   
worthies1 for all his great valour1 was 
unworthily served by ,mordred1 one of   
his round table knights3 and ,guithera1 
or ,helena ,alba1 his fair wife1 as     
,leland interprets it1 was an arrant    
honest woman4 ,parcerem libenter 7saith 
mine #faha;author7 ,heroinarum laesae   
majestati1 si non historiae veritas     
aurem vellicaret1 ,i could willingly    
wink at a fair lady's faults1 but that  
,i am bound by the laws of history to   
tell the truth3 against his will1 ,god  
knows1 did he write it1 and so do ,i    
repeat it4 ,i speak not of our times all
 this while1 we have good1 honest1      
virtuous men and women1 whom fame1 zeal1
 fear of ,god1 religion and superstition
 contains3 and yet for all that1 we have
 many knights of this order1 so dubbed  
by their wives1 many good women abused  
by dissolute husbands4 ,in some places1 

and such persons you may as soon enjoin 
them to carry water in a sieve1 as to   
keep themselves honest4 ,what shall a   
man do now in such a case8 ,what remedy 
is to be had8 how shall he be eased8 ,by
 suing a divorce8 this is hard to be    
effected3 si non caste1 tamen caute they
 carry the matter so cunningly1 that    
though it be as common as simony1 as    
clear and as manifest as the nose in a  
man's face1 yet it cannot be evidently  
proved1 or they likely taken in the     
fact3 they will have a knave ,gallus to 
watch1 or with that ,roman              
#fahb,sulpitia1 all made fast and sure1 
,ne se ,cadurcis destitutam fasciis1    
,nudam ,caleno concumbentem videat4  she
 will hardly be surprised by her        
husband1 be he never so wary4 ,much     
better then to put it up3 the more he   
strives in it1 the more he shall divulge
 his own shame3 make a virtue of        
necessity1 and conceal it4 ,yea1 but the
 world takes notice of it1 'tis in every
 man's mouth3 let them talk their       

pleasure1 of whom speak they not in this
 sense8 ,from the highest to the lowest 
they are thus censured all3 there is no 
remedy then but patience4 ,it may be    
'tis his own fault1 and he hath no      
reason to complain1 'tis quid pro quo1  
she is bad1 he is worse3 #fahc;,bethink 
thyself1 hast thou not done as much for 
some of thy neighbours8 why dost thou   
require that of thy wife1 which thou    
wilt not perform thyself8 ,thou rangest 
like a town bull1 #fahdwhy art thou so  
incensed if she tread1 awry8 #fahe;,be  
it that some woman break chaste         
wedlock's laws1 ,and leaves her husband 
and becomes unchaste3 ,yet commonly it  
is not without cause1 ,she sees her man 
in sin her goods to waste1 ,she feels   
that he his love from her withdraws1    
,and hath on some perhaps less worthy   
placed4 ,who strike with sword1 the     
scabbard them may strike1 ,and sure love
 craveth love1 like asketh like4  ,ea   
semper studebit1 saith #fahf,nevisanus1 
pares reddere vices1 she will quit it if

 she can4 ,and therefore1 as well       
adviseth ,siracides1 cap4 ix4 #a4 teach 
her not an evil lesson against thyself1 
which as ,jansenius1 ,lyranus1 on his   
text1 and ,carthusianus interpret1 is no
 otherwise to be understood than that   
she do thee not a mischief4 ,i do not   
excuse her in accusing thee2 but if both
 be naught1 mend thyself first2 for as  
the old saying is1 a good husband makes 
a good wife4 ,yea but thou repliest1    
'tis not the like reason betwixt man and
 woman1 through her fault my children   
are bastards1 ,i may not endure it2     
#fahg,sit amarulenta1 sit imperiosa     
prodiga1 c4 ,let her scold1 brawl1 and  
spend1 ,i care not1 modo sit casta1 so  
she be honest1 ,i could easily bear it2 
but this ,i cannot1 ,i may not1 ,i will 
not2 my faith1 my fame1 mine eye must   
not be touched1 as the diverb is1 ,non  
patitur tactum fama1 fides1 oculus4 ,i  
say the same of my wife1 touch all1 use 
all1 take all but this4 ,i acknowledge  
that of ,seneca to be true1 ,nullius    

boni jucunda possessio sine socio1 there
 is no sweet content in the possession  
of any good thing without a companion1  
this only excepted1 ,i say1 ,this4 ,and 
why this8 ,even this which thou so much 
abhorrest1 it may be for thy progeny's  
good1 #fahh better be any man's son than
 thine1 to be begot of base ,irus1 poor 
,seius1 or mean ,mevius1 the town       
swineherd's1 a shepherd's son3 and well 
is he1 that like ,hercules he hath any  
two fathers2 for thou thyself hast      
peradventure more diseases than a horse1
 more infirmities of body and mind1 a   
cankered soul1 crabbed conditions1 make 
the worst of it1 as it is vulnus        
insanabile1 sic vulnus insensibile1 as  
it is incurable1 so it is insensible4   
,but art thou sure it is so8 #fahires   
agit ille tuas8 doth he so indeed8 ,it  
may be thou art over-suspicious1 and    
without a cause as some are3 if it be   
octimestris partus1 born at eight       
months1 or like him1 and him1 they      
fondly suspect he got it2 if she speak  

or laugh familiarly with such or such   
men1 then presently she is naught with  
them2 such is thy weakness2 whereas     
charity1 or a well-disposed mind1 would 
interpret all unto the best4 ,st4       
,francis1 by chance seeing a friar      
familiarly kissing another man's wife1  
was so far from misconceiving it1 that  
he presently kneeled down and thanked   
,god there was so much charity left3 but
 they on the other side will ascribe    
nothing to natural causes1 indulge      
nothing to familiarity1 mutual society1 
friendship3 but out of a sinister       
suspicion1 presently lock them close1   
watch them1 thinking by those means to  
prevent all such inconveniences1 that's 
the way to help it2 whereas by such     
tricks they do aggravate the mischief4  
',tis but in vain to watch that which   
will away4 #faij,nec custodiri si velit 
ulla potest2 ,nec mentem servare potes1 
licet omnia serves2 ,omnibus exclusis1  
intus adulter erit4  ,none can be kept  
resisting for her part2 ,though body be 

kept close1 within her heart ,advoutry  
lurks1 t'exclude it there's no art4     
,argus with a hundred eyes cannot keep  
her1 et hunc unus saepe fefellit amor1  
as in #faia;,ariosto1 ,if all our hearts
 were eyes1 yet sure they said ,we      
husbands of our wives should be         
betrayed4  ,hierome holds1 ,uxor        
impudica servari non potest1 pudica non 
debet1 infida custos castitatis est     
necessitas1 to what end is all your     
custody8 ,a dishonest woman cannot be   
kept1 an honest woman ought not to be   
kept1 necessity is a keeper not to be   
trusted4 ,difficile custoditur1 quod    
plures amant2 that which many covet1 can
 hardly be preserved1 as #faib          
,salisburiensis thinks4 ,i am of ,aeneas
 ,sylvius' mind1 #faic,those jealous    
,italians do very ill to lock up their  
wives2 for women are of such a          
disposition1 they will most covet that  
which is denied most1 and offend least  
when they have free liberty to trespass4
 ,it is in vain to lock her up if she be

 dishonest2 et tyrranicum imperium1 as  
our great ,mr4 ,aristotle calls it1 too 
tyrannical a task1 most unfit3 for when 
she perceives her husband observes her  
and suspects1 liberius peccat1 saith    
#faid,nevisanus4 #faie,toxica ,zelotypo 
dedit uxor moecha marito1 she is        
exasperated1 seeks by all means to      
vindicate herself1 and will therefore   
offend1 because she is unjustly         
suspected4 ,the best course then is to  
let them have their own wills1 give them
 free liberty1 without any keeping4 ,in 
vain our friends from this do us dehort1
 ,for beauty will be where is most      
resort4  ,if she be honest as ,lucretia 
to ,collatinus1 ,laodamia to            
,protesilaus1 ,penelope to her ,ulysses1
 she will so continue her honour1 good  
name1 credit1 ,penelope conjux semper   
,ulyssis ero2 ,i shall always be        
,penelope the wife of ,ulysses4 ,and as 
,phocias' wife in #faif,plutarch1 called
 her husband her wealth1 treasure1      
world1 joy1 delight1 orb and sphere1 she

 will hers4 ,the vow she made unto her  
good man2 love1 virtue1 religion1 zeal1 
are better keepers than all those locks1
 eunuchs1 prisons2 she will not be      
moved3 #faig;,at mihi vel tellus optem  
prius ima dehiscat1 ,aut pater          
omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras1 
,pallentes umbras ,erebi1 noctemque     
profundam1 ,ante pudor quam te violem1  
aut tua jura resolvam4  ,first ,i desire
 the earth to swallow me4 ,before ,i    
violate mine honesty1 ,or thunder from  
above drive me to hell1 ,with those pale
 ghosts1 and ugly nights to dwell4  ,she
 is resolved with ,dido to be chaste2   
though her husband be false1 she will be
 true3 and as ,octavia writ to her      
,antony1 #faih,these walls that here do 
keep me out of sight1 ,shall keep me all
 unspotted unto thee1 ,and testify that 
,i will do thee right1 ,i'll never stain
 thine house1 though thou shame me4     
,turn her loose to all those ,tarquins  
and ,satyrs1 she will not be tempted4   
,in the time of ,valence the ,emperor1  

saith #faii,st4 ,austin1 one            
,archidamus1 a ,consul of ,antioch1     
offered a hundred pounds of gold to a   
fair young wife1 and besides to set her 
husband free1 who was then sub          
gravissima custodia1 a dark prisoner1   
pro unius noctis concubitu3 but the     
chaste matron would not accept of it4   
#fbjj,when ,ode commended ,theana's fine
 arm to his fellows1 she took him up    
short1 ,sir1 'tis not common3 she is    
wholly reserved to her husband4         
#fbja;,bilia had an old man to her      
spouse1 and his breath stunk1 so that   
nobody could abide it abroad2 coming    
home one day he reprehended his wife1   
because she did not tell him of it3 she 
vowed unto him1 she had told him1 but   
she thought every man's breath had been 
as strong as his4 #fbjb,tigranes and    
,armena his lady were invited to supper 
by ,king ,cyrus3 when they came home1   
,tigranes asked his wife1 how she liked 
,cyrus1 and what she did especially     
commend in him8 she swore she did not   

observe him2 when he replied again1 what
 then she did observe1 whom she looked  
on8 ,she made answer1 her husband1 that 
said he would die for her sake4 ,such   
are the properties and conditions of    
good women3 and if she be well given1   
she will so carry herself2 if otherwise 
she be naught1 use all the means thou   
canst1 she will be naught1 ,non deest   
animus sed corruptor1 she hath so many  
lies1 excuses1 as a hare hath muses1    
tricks1 panders1 bawds1 shifts1 to      
deceive1 'tis to no purpose to keep her 
up1 or to reclaim her by hard usage4    
,fair means peradventure may do         
somewhat4 #fbjc ,obsequio vinces aptius 
ipse tuo4 ,men and women are both in a  
predicament in this behalf1 no sooner   
won1 and better pacified4 ,duci volunt1 
non cogi3 though she be as arrant a     
scold as ,xanthippe1 as cruel as ,medea1
 as clamorous as ,hecuba1 as lustful as 
,messalina1 by such means 7if at all7   
she may be reformed4 ,many patient      
#fbjd;,grizels1 by their obsequiousness 

in this kind1 have reclaimed their      
husbands from their wandering lusts4 ,in
 ,nova ,francia and ,turkey 7as ,leah1  
,rachel1 and ,sarah did to ,abraham and 
,jacob7 they bring their fairest damsels
 to their husbands' beds2 ,livia        
seconded the lustful appetites of       
,augustus3 ,stratonice1 wife to ,king   
,diotarus1 did not only bring ,electra1 
a fair maid1 to her good man's bed1 but 
brought up the children begot on her1 as
 carefully as if they had been her own4 
,tertius ,emilius' wife1 ,cornelia's    
mother1 perceiving her husband's        
intemperance1 rem dissimulavit1 made    
much of the maid1 and would take no     
notice of it4 ,a new-married man1 when a
 pickthank friend of his1 to curry      
favour1 had showed him his wife familiar
 in private with a young gallant1       
courting and dallying1 c4 ,tush1 said   
he1 let him do his worst1 ,i dare trust 
my wife1 though ,i dare not trust him4  
,the best remedy then is by fair means2 
if that will not take place1 to         

dissemble it as ,i say1 or turn it off  
with a jest3 hear ,guexerra's advice in 
this case1 vel joco excipies1 vel       
silentio eludes2 for if you take        
exceptions at everything your wife doth1
 ,solomon's wisdom1 ,hercules' valour1  
,homer's learning1 ,socrates' patience1 
,argus' vigilance1 will not serve turn4 
,therefore ,minus malum1 #fbje;a less   
mischief1 ,nevisanus holds1 dissimulare1
 to be #fbjf;,cunarum emptor1 a buyer of
 cradles1 as the proverb is1 than to be 
too solicitous4 #fbjg;,a good fellow1   
when his wife was brought to bed before 
her time1 bought half a dozen of cradles
 beforehand for so many children1 as if 
his wife should continue to bear        
children every two months4              
#fbjh,pertinax the ,emperor1 when one   
told him a fiddler was too familiar with
 his empress1 made no reckoning of it4  
,and when that ,macedonian ,philip was  
upbraided with his wife's dishonesty1   
cum tot victor regnorum ac populorum    
esset1 c41 a conqueror of kingdoms could

 not tame his wife 7for she thrust him  
out of doors71 he made a jest of it4    
,sapientes portant cornua in pectore1   
stulti in fronte1 saith ,nevisanus1 wise
 men bear their horns in their hearts1  
fools on their foreheads4 ,eumenes1 king
 of ,pergamus1 was at deadly feud with  
,perseus of ,macedonia1 insomuch that   
,perseus hearing of a journey he was to 
take to ,delphos1 #fbjiset a company of 
soldiers to intercept him in his        
passage2 they did it accordingly1 and as
 they supposed left him stoned to death4
 ,the news of this fact was brought     
instantly to ,pergamus2 ,attalus1       
,eumenes' brother1 proclaimed himself   
king forthwith1 took possession of the  
crown1 and married ,stratonice the      
queen4 ,but by-and-by1 when contrary    
news was brought1 that ,king ,eumenes   
was alive1 and now coming to the city1  
he laid by his crown1 left his wife1 as 
a private man went to meet him1 and     
congratulate his return4 ,eumenes1      
though he knew all particulars passed1  

yet dissembling the matter1 kindly      
embraced his brother1 and took his wife 
into his favour again1 as if on such    
matter had been heard of or done4       
,jocundo1 in ,ariosto1 found his wife in
 bed with a knave1 both asleep1 went his
 ways1 and would not so much as wake    
them1 much less reprove them for it4    
#fbaj;,an honest fellow finding in like 
sort his wife had played false at       
tables1 and borne a man too many1 drew  
his dagger1 and swore if he had not been
 his very friend1 he would have killed  
him4 ,another hearing one had done that 
for him1 which no man desires to be done
 by a deputy1 followed in a rage with   
his sword drawn1 and having overtaken   
him1 laid adultery to his charge2 the   
offender hotly pursued1 confessed it was
 true2 with which confession he was     
satisfied1 and so left him1 swearing    
that if he had denied it1 he would not  
have put it up4 ,how much better is it  
to do thus1 than to macerate himself1   
impatiently to rave and rage1 to enter  

an action 7as ,arnoldus ,tilius did in  
the court of ,toulouse1 against ,martin 
,guerre his fellow-soldier1 for that he 
counterfeited his habit1 and was too    
familiar with his wife71 so to divulge  
his own shame1 and to remain for ever a 
cuckold on record8 how much better be   
,cornelius ,tacitus than ,publius       
,cornutus1 to condemn in such cases1 or 
take no notice of it8 ,melius sic       
errare1 quam ,zelotypiae curis1 saith   
,erasmus1 se conficere1 better be a     
wittol and put it up1 than to trouble   
himself to no purpose4 ,and though he   
will not omnibus dormire1 be an ass1 as 
he is an ox1 yet to wink at it as many  
do is not amiss at some times1 in some  
cases1 to some parties1 if it be for his
 commodity1 or some great man's sake1   
his landlord1 patron1 benefactor1 7as   
,calbas the ,roman saith #fbaa,plutarch 
did by ,maecenas1 and ,phayllus of      
,argos did by ,king ,philip1 when he    
promised him an office on that condition
 he might lie with his wife7 and so let 

it pass3 #fbabpol me haud poenitet1     
,scilicet boni dimidium dividere cum    
,jove1  it never troubles me 7saith     
,amphitrio7 to be cornuted by ,jupiter1 
let it not molest thee then2 be friends 
with her2 #fbac,tu cum ,alcmena uxore   
antiquam in gratiam ,redi------         
,receive ,alcmena to your grace again2  
let it1 ,i say1 make no breach of love  
between you4 ,howsoever the best way is 
to contemn it1 which #fbad;,henry ,,ii4 
king of ,france advised a courtier of   
his1 jealous of his wife1 and           
complaining of her unchasteness1 to     
reject it1 and comfort himself2 for he  
that suspects his wife's incontinency1  
and fears the ,pope's curse1 shall never
 live a merry hour1 or sleep a quiet    
night3 no remedy but patience4 ,when all
 is done according to that counsel of   
#fbae,nevisanus1 si vitium uxoris       
corrigi non potest1 ferendum est3 if it 
may not be helped1 it must be endured4  
,date veniam et sustinete taciti1 'tis  
,sophocles' advice1 keep it to thyself1 

and which ,chrysostom calls palaestram  
philosophiae1 et domesticum gymnasium a 
school of philosophy1 put it up4 ,there 
is no other cure but time to wear it    
out1 ,injuriarum remedium est oblivio1  
as if they had drunk a draught of ,lethe
 in ,trophonius' den3 to conclude1 age  
will bereave her of it1 dies dolorem    
minuit1 time and patience must end it4  
#fbaf,the mind's affections patience    
will appease1 ,it passions kills1 and   
healeth each disease4   ,,subsect4      
,,ii4--,by prevention before1 or after  
,marriage1 ,plato's ,community1 marry a 
,courtesan1 ,philters1 ,stews1 to marry 
one equal in years1 fortunes1 of a good 
family1 education1 good place1 to use   
them well1 c4  ,of such medicines as    
conduce to the cure of this malady1 ,i  
have sufficiently treated2 there be some
 good remedies remaining1 by way of     
prevention1 precautions1 or admonitions1
 which if rightly practised1 may do much
 good4 ,plato1 in his ,commonwealth1 to 
prevent this mischief belike1 would have

 all things1 wives and children1 all as 
one3 and which ,caesar in his           
,commentaries observed of those old     
,britons1 that first inhabited this     
land1 they had ten or twelve wives      
allotted to such a family1 or           
promiscuously to be used by so many men2
 not one to one1 as with us1 or four1   
five1 or six to one1 as in ,turkey4 ,the
 #fbag,nicholaites1 a set that sprang1  
saith ,austin1 from ,nicholas the       
deacon1 would have women indifferent2   
and the cause of this filthy sect1 was  
,nicholas the deacon's jealousy1 for    
which when he was condemned to purge    
himself of his offence1 he broached his 
heresy1 that it was lawful to lie with  
one another's wives1 and for any man to 
lie with his3 like to those             
#fbah;,anabaptists in ,munster1 that    
would consort with other men's wives as 
the spirit moved them3 or as            
#fbai,mahomet1 the seducing prophet1    
would needs use women as he list        
himself1 to beget prophets2 two hundred 

and five1 their ,alcoran saith1 were in 
love with him1 and #fbbj;he as able as  
forty men4 ,amongst the old             
,carthaginians1 as #fbba;,bohemus       
relates out of ,sabellicus41 the king of
 the country lay with the bride the     
first night1 and once in a year they    
went promiscuously all together4        
,munster ,cosmog4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #dig4   
ascribes the beginning of this brutish  
custom 7unjustly7 to one ,picardus1 a   
,frenchman1 that invented a new sect of 
,adamites1 to go naked as ,adam did1 and
 to use promiscuous venery at set times4
 ,when the priest repeated that of      
,genesis1 ,increase and multiply1 out   
#fbbbwent the candles in the place where
 they met1 and without all respect of   
age1 persons1 conditions1 catch that    
catch may1 every man took her that came 
next1 c42 some fasten this on those     
ancient ,bohemians and ,russians3       
#fbbcothers on the inhabitants of       
,mambrium1 in the ,lucerne valley in    
,piedmont2 and1 as ,i read1 it was      

practised in ,scotland amongst          
,christians themselves1 until ,king     
,malcolm's time1 the king or the lord of
 the town had their maidenheads4 ,in    
some parts of #fbbd;,india in our age1  
and those #fbbe;islanders1 #fbbf;as     
amongst the ,babylonians of old1 they   
will prostitute their wives and         
daughters 7which ,chalcocondila1 a      
,greek modern writer1 for want of better
 intelligence1 puts upon us ,britons7 to
 such travellers or seafaring men as    
come amongst them by chance1 to show how
 far they were from this feral vice of  
jealousy1 and how little they esteemed  
it4 ,the kings of ,calecut1 as          
#fbbg,lod4 ,vertomannus relates1 will   
not touch their wives1 till one of their
 ,biarmi or high priests have lain first
 with them1 to sanctify their wombs4    
,but those ,esai and ,montanists1 two   
strange sects of old1 were in another   
extreme1 they would not marry at all1 or
 have any society with women1           
#fbbh;because of their intemperance they

 held them all to be naught4 ,nevisanus 
the lawyer1 lib4 #d4 num4 #cc4 sylv4    
nupt4 would have him that is inclined to
 this malady1 to prevent the worst1     
marry a quean1 ,capiens meretricem1 hoc 
habet saltem boni quod non decipitur1   
quia scit eam sic esse1 quod non        
contingit aliis4 ,a fornicator in       
,seneca constuprated two wenches in a   
night2 for satisfaction1 the one desired
 to hang him1 the other to marry him4   
#fbbi ,hierome1 king of ,syracuse in    
,sicily1 espoused himself to ,pitho1    
keeper of the stews2 and ,ptolemy took  
,thais a common whore to be his wife1   
had two sons1 ,leontiscus and ,lagus by 
her1 and one daughter ,irene3 'tis      
therefore no such unlikely thing4       
#fbcj;,a citizen of ,engubine gelded    
himself to try his wife's honesty1 and  
to be freed from jealousy2 so did a     
baker in #fbca ,basil1 to the same      
intent4 ,but of all other precedents in 
this kind1 that of #fbcb;,combalus is   
most memorable2 who to prevent his      

master's suspicion1 for he was a        
beautiful young man1 and sent by        
,seleucus his lord and king1 with       
,stratonice the queen to conduct her    
into ,syria1 fearing the worst1 gelded  
himself before he went1 and left his    
genitals behind him in a box sealed up4 
,his mistress by the way fell in love   
with him1 but he not yielding to her1   
was accused to ,seleucus of             
incontinency1 7as that ,bellerophon was 
in like case1 falsely traduced by       
,sthenobia1 to ,king ,praetus her       
husband1 cum non posset ad coitum       
inducere7 and that by her1 and was      
therefore at his corning home cast into 
prison3 the day of hearing appointed1 he
 was sufficiently cleared and acquitted1
 by showing his privities1 which to the 
admiration of the beholders he had      
formerly cut off4 ,the ,lydians used to 
geld women whom they suspected1 saith   
,leonicus var4 hist4 ,tib4 #c4 cap4 #di4
 as well as men4 ,to this purpose       
#fbcc,saint ,francis1 because he used to

 confess women in private1 to prevent   
suspicion1 and prove himself a maid1    
stripped himself before the ,bishop of  
,assise and others3 and ,friar ,leonard 
for the same cause went through         
,viterbium in ,italy1 without any       
garments4 ,our pseudo-,catholics1 to    
help these inconveniences which proceed 
from jealousy1 to keep themselves and   
their wives honest1 make severe laws2   
against adultery present death2 and     
withal fornication1 a venal sin1 as a   
sink to convey that furious and swift   
stream of concupiscence1 they appoint   
and permit stews1 those punks and       
pleasant sinners1 the more to secure    
their wives in all populous cities1 for 
they hold them as necessary as churches2
 and howsoever unlawful1 yet to avoid a 
greater mischief1 to be tolerated in    
policy1 as usury1 for the hardness of   
men's hearts2 and for this end they have
 whole colleges of courtesans in their  
towns and cities4 ,of #fbcd;,cato's mind
 belike1 that would have his servants   

7cum ancillis congredi coitus causa1    
definito aere1 ut graviora facinora     
evitarent1 caeteris interim interdicens7
 familiar with some such feminine       
creatures1 to avoid worse mischiefs in  
his house1 and made allowance for it4   
,they hold it impossible for idle       
persons1 young1 rich1 and lusty1 so many
 servants1 monks1 friars1 to live       
honest1 too tyrannical a burden to      
compel them to be chaste1 and most unfit
 to suffer poor men1 younger brothers   
and soldiers at all to marry1 as those  
diseased persons1 votaries1 priests1    
servants4 ,therefore1 as well to keep   
and ease the one as the other1 they     
tolerate and wink at these kind of      
brothel-houses and stews4 ,many probable
 arguments they have to prove the       
lawfulness1 the necessity1 and a        
toleration of them1 as of usury2 and    
without question in policy they are not 
to be contradicted3 but altogether in   
religion4 ,others prescribe filters1    
spells1 charms to keep men and women    

honest4 #fbce,mulier ut alienum virum   
non admittat praeter suum3 ,accipe fel  
hirci1 et adipem1 et exsicca1 calescat  
in oleo1 c41 et non alium praeter et    
amabit4 ,in ,alexi4 ,porta1 c41 plura   
invenies1 et multo his absurdiora1 uti  
et in ,rhasi1 ne mulier virum admittat1 
et maritum solum diligat1 c4 ,but these 
are most part ,pagan1 impious1          
irreligious1 absurd1 and ridiculous     
devices4 ,the best means to avoid these 
and like inconveniences are1 to take    
away the causes and occasions4 ,to this 
purpose #fbcf,varro writ ,satyram       
,menippeam1 but it is lost4             
#fbcg,patritius prescribes four rules to
 be observed in choosing of a wife      
7which who so will may read72 ,fonseca1 
the ,spaniard1 in his #de4 c4           
,amphitheat4 ,amoris1 sets down six     
special cautions for men1 four for      
women2 ,sam4 ,neander out of            
,shonbernerus1 five for men1 five for   
women2 ,anthony ,guivarra many good     
lessons2 #fbch;,cleobulus two alone1    

others otherwise2 as first to make a    
good choice in marriage1 to invite      
,christ to their wedding1 and which     
#fbci,st4 ,ambrose adviseth1 ,deum      
conjugii praesidem habere1 and to pray  
to him for her1 ,a ,domino enim datur   
uxor prudens1 ,prov4 xix4 7 not to be   
too rash and precipitate in his         
election1 to run upon the first he      
meets1 or dote on every stout fair piece
 he sees1 but to choose her as much by  
his ears as eyes1 to be well advised    
whom he takes1 of what age1 c41 and     
cautelous in his proceedings4 ,an old   
man should not marry a young woman1 nor 
a young woman an old man1 #fbdj ,quam   
male inaequales veniunt ad arata        
juvenci6 such matches must needs        
minister a perpetual cause of suspicion1
 and be distasteful to each other4      
#fbda,noctua ut in tumulis1 super atque 
cadavera bubo1 ,talis apud ,sophoclem   
nostra puella sedet4  ,night-crows on   
tombs1 owl sits on carcass dead1 ,so    
lies a wench with ,sophocles in bed4    

,for ,sophocles1 as #fbdb;,atheneus     
describes him1 was a very old man1 as   
cold as ,january1 a bedfellow of bones1 
and doted yet upon ,archippe1 a young   
courtesan1 than which nothing can be    
more odious4 #fbdc,senex maritus uxori  
juveni ingratus est1 an old man is a    
most unwelcome guest to a young wench1  
unable1 unfit3 #fbdd;,amplexus suos     
fugiunt puellae1 ,omnis horret amor     
,venusque ,hymenque4  ,and as in like   
case a good fellow that had but a peck  
of corn weekly to grind1 yet would needs
 build a new mill for it1 found his     
error eftsoons1 for either he must let  
his mill lie waste1 pull it quite down1 
or let others grind at it4 ,so these    
men1 c4 ,seneca therefore disallows all 
such unseasonable matches1 habent enim  
maledicti locum crebrae nuptiae4 ,and as
 #fbde,tully farther inveighs1 'tis     
unfit for any1 but ugly and filthy in   
old age4 ,turpe senilis amor1 one of the
 three things #fbdf;,god hateth4        
,plutarch1 in his book contra ,coleten1 

rails downright at such kind of         
marriages1 which are attempted by old   
men1 qui jam corpore impotenti1 et a    
voluptatibus deserti1 peccant animo1 and
 makes a question whether in some cases 
it be tolerable at least for such a man 
to marry1--qui ,venerem affectat sine   
viribus1 that is now past those venerous
 exercises1 as a gelded man lies with a 
virgin and sighs1 ,ecclus4 xxx4 #bj1 and
 now complains with him in ,petronius1  
funerata est haec pars jam1 quad fuit   
olim ,achillea1 he is quite done1       
#fbdg,vixit puellae nuper idoneus1 ,et  
militavit non sine gloria4  ,but the    
question is whether he may delight      
himself as those ,priapeian popes1      
which1 in their decrepit age1 lay       
commonly between two wenches every      
night1 contactu formosarum1 et          
contrectatione1 num adhuc gaudeat2 and  
as many doting sires do to their own    
shame1 their children's undoing1 and    
their families' confusion3 he abhors it1
 tanquam ab agresti et furioso domino   

fugiendum1 it must be avoided as a      
bedlam master1 and not obeyed4          
#fbdh;,alecto------ ,ipsa faces praefert
 nubentibus1 et malus ,hymen ,triste    
ululat1------  the devil himself makes  
such matches4 #fbdi,levinus ,lemnius    
reckons up three things which generally 
disturb the peace of marriage3 the first
 is when they marry intempestive or     
unseasonably1 as many mortal men marry  
precipitately and inconsiderately1 when 
they are effete and old3 the second when
 they marry unequally for fortunes and  
birth3 the third1 when a sick impotent  
person weds one that is sound1 novae    
nuptae spes frustratur3 many dislikes   
instantly follow4 ,many doting dizzards1
 it may not be denied1 as ,plutarch     
confesseth1 #fbejrecreate themselves    
with such obsolete1 unseasonable and    
filthy remedies 7so he calls them71 with
 a remembrance of their former          
pleasures1 against nature they stir up  
their dead flesh3 but an old lecher is  
abominable2 mulier tertio nubens1       

#fbea,nevisanus holds1 praesumitur      
lubrica1 et inconstans1 a woman that    
marries a third time may be presumed to 
be no honester than she should4 ,of them
 both1 thus ,ambrose concludes in his   
comment upon ,luke1 #fbebthey that are  
coupled together1 not to get children1  
but to satisfy their lust1 are not      
husbands1 but fornicators1 with whom    
,st4 ,austin consents3 matrimony without
 hope of children1 non matrimonium1 sed 
concubium dici debet1 is not a wedding  
but a jumbling or coupling together4 ,in
 a word 7except they wed for mutual     
society1 help and comfort one of        
another1 in which respects1 though      
#fbec,tiberius deny it1 without question
 old folks may well marry7 for sometimes
 a man hath most need of a wife1        
according to ,puccius1 when he hath no  
need of a wife2 otherwise it is most    
odious1 when an old ,acherontic dizzard1
 that hath one foot in his grave1 a     
silicernium1 shall flicker after a young
 wench that is blithe and bonny1        

#fbed------salaciorque ,verno passere1  
et albulis columbis4  ,what can be more 
detestable8 #fbee,tu cano capite amas   
senex nequissime ,jam plenus aetatis1   
animaque foetida1 ,senex hircosus tu    
osculare mulierem8 ,utine adiens vomitum
 potius excuties4  ,thou old goat1 hoary
 lecher1 naughty man1 ,with stinking    
breath1 art thou in love8 ,must thou be 
slavering8 she spews to see ,thy filthy 
face1 it doth so move4  ,yet1 as some   
will1 it is much more tolerable for an  
old man to marry a young woman 7our     
ladies' match they call it7 for cras    
erit mulier1 as he said in ,tully4 ,cato
 the ,roman1 ,critobulus in             
#fbef,xenophon1 #fbeg,tiraquellus of    
late1 ,julius ,scaliger1 c41 and many   
famous precedents we have in that kind2 
but not e contra3 'tis not held fit for 
an ancient woman to match with a young  
man4 ,for as ,varro will1 ,anus dum     
ludit morti delitias facit1 'tis        
,charon's match between #fbeh;,cascus   
and ,casca1 and the devil himself is    

surely well pleased with it4 ,and1      
therefore1 as the #fbeipoet inveighs1   
thou old ,vetustina bedridden quean1    
that art now skin and bones1 ,cui tres  
capilli1 quatuorque sunt dentes1 ,pectus
 cicadae1 crusculumque formicae1        
,rugosiorem quae geris stola frontem1   
,et arenaram cassibus pares mammas4     
,that hast three hairs1 four teeth1 a   
breast ,like grasshopper1 an emmet's    
crest1 ,a skin more rugged than thy     
coat1 ,and drugs like spider's web to   
boot4  ,must thou marry a youth again8  
,and yet ducentas ire nuptum post mortes
 amant3 howsoever it is1 as             
#fbfj;,apuleius gives out of his ,meroe1
 congressus annosus1 pestilens1         
abhorrendus1 a pestilent match1         
abominable1 and not to be endured4 ,in  
such case how can they otherwise choose 
but be jealous1 how should they agree   
one with another8 ,this inequality is   
not in years only1 but in birth1        
fortunes1 conditions1 and all good      
#fbfaqualities1 si qua voles apte       

nubere1 nube pari1 'tis my counsel1     
saith ,anthony ,guiverra1 to choose such
 a one4 ,civis ,civem ducat1 ,nobilis   
,nobilem1 let a citizen match with a    
citizen1 a gentleman with a gentlewoman2
 he that observes not this precept      
7saith he7 non generum sed malum        
,genium1 non nurum sed ,furiam1 non     
vitae ,comitem1 sed litis fomitem domi  
habebit1 instead of a fair wife shall   
have a fury1 for a fit son-in-law a mere
 fiend1 c4 examples are too frequent4   
,another main caution fit to be observed
 is this1 that though they be equal in  
years1 birth1 fortunes1 and other       
conditions1 yet they do not omit virtue 
and good education1 which ,musonius and 
,antipater so much inculcate in         
,stobeus3 #fbfb;,dos est magna parentum 
,virtus1 et metuens alterius viri ,certo
 foedere castitas4  ,if1 as ,plutarch   
adviseth1 one must eat modium salis1 a  
bushel of salt with him1 before he      
choose his friend1 what care should be  
had in choosing a wife1 his second self1

 how solicitous should he be to know her
 qualities and behaviour2 and when he is
 assured of them1 not to prefer birth1  
fortune1 beauty1 before bringing up1 and
 good conditions4 #fbfc;,coquage god of 
cuckolds1 as one merrily said1          
accompanies the goddess ,jealousy1 both 
follow the fairest1 by ,jupiter's       
appointment1 and they sacrifice to them 
together3 beauty and honesty seldom     
agree2 straight personages have often   
crooked manners2 fair faces1 foul vices2
 good complexions1 ill conditions4      
,suspicionis plena res est1 et          
insidiarum1 beauty 7saith               
#fbfd;,chrysostom7 is full of treachery 
and suspicion3 he that hath a fair wife1
 cannot have a worse mischief1 and yet  
most covet it1 as if nothing else in    
marriage but that and wealth were to be 
respected4 #fbfe;,francis ,sforza1 ,duke
 of ,milan1 was so curious in this      
behalf1 that he would not marry the     
,duke of ,mantua's daughter1 except he  
might see her naked first3 which        

,lycurgus appointed in his laws1 and    
,morus in his ,utopian ,commonwealth    
approves4 #fbff;,in ,italy1 as a        
traveller observes1 if a man have three 
or four daughters1 or more1 and they    
prove fair1 they are married eftsoons3  
if deformed1 they change their lovely   
names of ,lucia1 ,cynthia1 ,camaena1    
call them ,dorothy1 ,ursula1 ,bridget1  
and so put them into monasteries1 as if 
none were fit for marriage1 but such as 
are eminently fair3 but these are       
erroneous tenets3 a modest virgin well  
conditioned1 to such a fair snout-piece1
 is much to be preferred4 ,if thou wilt 
avoid them1 take away all causes of     
suspicion and jealousy1 marry a coarse  
piece1 fetch her from ,cassandra's      
#fbfgtemple1 which was wont in ,italy to
 be a sanctuary of all deformed maids1  
and so shalt thou be sure that no man   
will make thee cuckold1 but for spite4  
,a citizen of ,bizance in ,france had a 
filthy1 dowdy1 deformed slut to his     
wife1 and finding her in bed with       

another man1 cried out as one amazed2 ,o
 miser6 quae te necessitas huc adegit8  
,o thou wretch1 what necessity brought  
thee hither8 as well he might2 for who  
can affect such a one8 ,but this is     
warily to be understood1 most offend in 
another extreme1 they prefer wealth     
before beauty1 and so she be rich1 they 
care not how she look2 but these are all
 out as faulty as the rest4 ,attendenda 
uxoris forma1 as #fbfh,salisburiensis   
adviseth1 ne si alteram aspexeris1 mox  
eam sordere putes1 as the ,knight in    
,chaucer1 that was married to an old    
woman1 ,and all day after hid him as an 
owl1 ,so woe was his wife looked so     
foul4  ,have a care of thy wife's       
complexion1 lest whilst thou seest      
another1 thou loathest her1 she prove   
jealous1 thou naught1 #fbfi,si tibi     
deformis conjux1 si serva venusta1 ,ne  
utaris serva1------  ,i can perhaps give
 instance4 ,molestum est possidere1 quod
 nemo habere dignetur1 a misery to      
possess that which no man likes3 on the 

other side1 ,difficile custoditur quod  
plures amant4 ,and as the bragging      
soldier vaunted in the comedy1 nimia est
 miseria pulchrum esse hominem nimis4   
,scipio did never so hardly besiege     
,carthage1 as these young gallants will 
beset thine house1 one with wit or      
person1 another with wealth1 c4 ,if she 
he fair1 saith ,guazzo1 she will be     
suspected howsoever4 ,both extremes are 
naught1 ,pulchra cito adamatur1 foeda   
facile concupiscit1 the one is soon     
beloved1 the other loves3 one is hardly 
kept1 because proud and arrogant1 the   
other not worth keeping2 what is to be  
done in this case8 ,ennius in ,menelippe
 adviseth thee as a friend to take      
statam formam1 si vis habere incolumem  
pudicitiam1 one of a middle size1       
neither too fair nor too foul1 #fbgj,nec
 formosa magis quam mihi casta placet1  
with old ,cato1 though fit let her      
beauty be1 neque lectissima1 neque      
illiberalis1 between both4 ,this ,i     
approve2 but of the other two ,i resolve

 with ,salisburiensis1 caeteris paribus1
 both rich alike1 endowed alike1 majori 
miseria deformis habetur quam formosa   
servatur1 ,i had rather marry a fair    
one1 and put it to the hazard1 than be  
troubled with a blowze2 but do as thou  
wilt1 ,i speak only of myself4          
,howsoever1 quod iterum maneo1 ,i would 
advise thee thus much1 be she fair or   
foul1 to choose a wife out of a good    
kindred1 parentage1 well brought up1 in 
an honest place4 #fbga,primum animo tibi
 proponas quo sanguine creta4 ,qua      
forma1 qua aetate1 quibusque ante omnia 
virgo ,moribus1 in junctos veniat nova  
nupta penates4  ,he that marries a wife 
out of a suspected inn or alehouse1 buys
 a horse in ,smithfield1 and hires a    
servant in ,paul's1 as the diverb is1   
shall likely have a jade to his horse1 a
 knave for his man1 an arrant honest    
woman to his wife4 ,filia praesumitur1  
esse matri similis1 saith               
#fbgb,nevisanus8 ,such #fbgc;a mother1  
such a daughter2 mali corvi malum ovum41

 cat to her kind4 #fbgd,scilicet        
expectas ut tradat mater honestos ,atque
 alios mores quam quos habet8  ,if the  
mother be dishonest1 in all likelihood  
the daughter will matrizare1 take after 
her in all good qualities1 ,creden'     
,pasiphae non tauripotente futuram      
,tauripetam8------  ,if the dam trot1   
the foal will not amble4 ,my last       
caution is1 that a woman do not bestow  
herself upon a fool1 or an apparent     
melancholy person2 jealousy is a symptom
 of that disease1 and fools have no     
moderation4 ,justina1 a ,roman lady1 was
 much persecuted1 and after made away by
 her jealous husband1 she caused and    
enjoined this epitaph1 as a caveat to   
others1 to be engraven on her tomb3     
#fbge;,discite ab exemplo ,justinae1    
discite patres1 ,ne nubat fatuo filia   
vestra viro1 c4  ,learn parents all1 and
 by ,justina's case1 ,your children to  
no dizzards for to place4  ,after       
marriage1 ,i can give no better         
admonitions than to use their wives     

well1 and which a friend of mine told me
 that was a married man1 ,i will tell   
you as good cheap1 saith ,nicostratus in
 #fbgf,stobeus1 to avoid future strife1 
and for quietness' sake1 when you are in
 bed1 take heed of your wife's          
flattering speeches over night1 and     
curtain1 sermons in the morning4 ,let   
them do their endeavour likewise to     
maintain them to their means1 which     
#fbgg,patricius ingeminates1 and let    
them have liberty with discretion1 as   
time and place requires3 many women turn
 queans by compulsion1 as               
#fbgh,nevisanus observes1 because their 
husbands are so hard1 and keep them so  
short in diet and apparel1 paupertas    
cogit eas meretricari1 poverty and      
hunger1 want of means1 makes them       
dishonest1 or bad usage2 their churlish 
behaviour forceth them to fly out1 or   
bad examples1 they do it to cry         
quittance4 ,in the other extreme some   
are too liberal1 as the proverb is1     
,turdus malum sibi cacat1 they make a   

rod for their own tails1 as ,candaules  
did to ,gyges in #fbgi;,herodotus1      
commend his wife's beauty himself1 and  
besides would needs have him see her    
naked4 ,whilst they give their wives too
 much liberty to gad abroad1 and        
bountiful allowance1 they are accessory 
to their own miseries2 animae uxorum    
pessime olent1 as ,plautus jibes1 they  
have deformed souls1 and by their       
painting and colours procure odium      
mariti1 their husband's hate1           
especially1--#fbhj cum misere viscantur 
labra mariti4 ,besides1 their wives 7as 
#fbha;,basil notes7 ,impudenter se      
exponunt masculorum aspectibus1         
jactantes tunicas1 et coram             
tripudiantes1 impudently thrust         
themselves into other men's companies1  
and by their indecent wanton carriage   
provoke and tempt the spectators4       
,virtuous women should keep house2 and  
'twas well performed and ordered by the 
,greeks1 #fbhb------mulier ne qua in    
publicum ,spectandam se sine arbitro    

praebeat viro3  which made ,phidias     
belike at ,elis paint ,venus treading on
 a tortoise1 a symbol of women's silence
 and housekeeping4 ,for a woman abroad  
and alone1 is like a deer broke out of a
 park1 quam mille venatores insequuntur1
 whom every hunter follows2 and besides 
in such places she cannot so well       
vindicate herself1 but as that virgin   
,dinah 7,gen4 xxxiv41 #b17 going for to 
see the daughters of the land1 lost her 
virginity1 she may be defiled and       
overtaken of a sudden3 ,imbelles damae  
quid nisi praeda sumus8 #fbhc ,and      
therefore ,i know not what philosopher  
he was1 that would have women come but  
thrice abroad all their time1 #fbhdto be
 baptised1 married1 and buried2 but he  
was too strait-laced4 ,let them have    
their liberty in good sort1 and go in   
good sort1 modo non annos viginti       
aetatis suae domi relinquant1 as a good 
fellow said1 so that they look not      
twenty years younger abroad than they do
 at home1 they be not spruce1 neat1     

angels abroad1 beasts1 dowdies1 sluts at
 home2 but seek by all means to please  
and give content to their husbands3 to  
be quiet above all things1 obedient1    
silent and patient2 if they be incensed1
 angry1 chid a little1 their wives must 
not #fbhe;cample again1 but take it in  
good part4 ,an honest woman1 ,i cannot  
now tell where she dwelt1 but by report 
an honest woman she was1 hearing one of 
her gossips by chance complain of her   
husband's impatience1 told her an       
excellent remedy for it1 and gave her   
withal a glass of water1 which when he  
brawled she should hold still in her    
mouth1 and that toties quoties1 as often
 as he chid2 she did so two or three    
times with good success1 and at length  
seeing her neighbour1 gave her great    
thanks for it1 and would needs know the 
ingredients1 #fbhfshe told her in brief 
what it was1 fair water1 and no more3   
for it was not the water1 but her       
silence which performed the cure4 ,let  
every froward woman imitate this        

example1 and be quiet within doors1 and 
7as #fbhg,m4 ,aurelius prescribes7 a    
necessary caution it is to be observed  
of all good matrons that love their     
credits1 to come little abroad1 but     
follow their work at home1 look to their
 household affairs and private business1
 oeconomiae incumbentes1 be sober1      
thrifty1 wary1 circumspect1 modest1 and 
compose themselves to live to their     
husbands' means1 as a good housewife    
should do1 #fbhh,quae studiis gavisa    
coli1 partita labores ,fallet opus      
cantu1 formae assimulata coronae ,cura  
puellaris1 circum fusosque rotasque ,cum
 volvet1 c4  ,howsoever 'tis good to    
keep them private1 not in prison2       
#fbhi,quisquis custodit uxorem vectibus 
et seris1 ,etsi sibi sapiens1 stultus   
est1 et nihil sapit4  ,read more of this
 subject1 ,horol4 princ4 lib4 #b4 per   
totum4 ,arnisaeus1 polit4 ,cyprian1     
,tertullian1 ,bossus de mulier4 apparat4
 ,godefridus de ,amor4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #d4
 ,levinus ,lemnius cap4 #ed4 de         

institut4 ,christ4 ,barbaras de re uxor4
 lib4 #b4 cap4 #b4 ,franciscus          
,patritius de institut4 ,reipub4 lib4   
#d4 ,tit4 #d4 et #f4 de officio mariti  
et uxoris1 ,christ4 ,fonseca            
,amphitheat4 ,amor4 cap4 #de4 ,sam4     
,neander1 c4 ,these cautions concern    
him2 and if by those or his own         
discretion otherwise he cannot moderate 
himself1 his friends must not be wanting
 by their wisdom1 if it be possible1 to 
give the party grieved satisfaction1 to 
prevent and remove the occasions1       
objects1 if it may be to secure him4 ,if
 it be one alone1 or many1 to consider  
whom he suspects or at what times1 in   
what places he is most incensed1 in what
 companies4 #fbij,nevisanus makes a     
question whether a young physician ought
 to be admitted in cases of sickness1   
into a new-married man's house1 to      
administer a julep1 a syrup1 or some    
such physic4 ,the ,persians of old would
 not suffer a young physician to come   
amongst women4 #fbia;,apollonides ,cous 

made ,artaxerxes cuckold1 and was after 
buried alive for it4 ,a goaler in       
,aristaenetus had a fine young gentleman
 to his prisoner2 #fbib;in commiseration
 of his youth and person he let him     
loose1 to enjoy the liberty of the      
prison1 but he unkindly made him a      
cornuto4 ,menelaus gave good welcome to 
,paris a stranger1 his whole house and  
family were at his command1 but he      
ungently stole away his best beloved    
wife4 ,the like measure was offered to  
,agis king of ,lacedaemon1 by #fbic     
,alcibiades an exile1 for his good      
entertainment1 he was too familiar with 
,timea his wife1 begetting a child of   
her1 called ,leotichides3 and bragging  
moreover when he came home to ,athens1  
that he had a son should be king of the 
,lacedaemonians4 ,if such objects were  
removed1 no doubt but the parties might 
easily be satisfied1 or that they could 
use them gently and entreat them well1  
not to revile them1 scoff at1 hate them1
 as in such cases commonly they do1 'tis

 a human infirmity1 a miserable         
vexation1 and they should not add grief 
to grief1 nor aggravate their misery1   
but seek to please1 and by all means    
give them content1 by good counsel1     
removing such offensive objects1 or by  
mediation of some discreet friends4 ,in 
old ,rome there was a temple erected by 
the matrons to that #fbid,viriplaca     
,dea1 another to ,venus verticorda1 quae
 maritos uxoribus reddebat benevolos1   
whither 7if any difference happened     
between man and wife7 they did instantly
 resort3 there they did offer sacrifice1
 a white hart1 ,plutarch records1 sine  
felle1 without the gall1 7some say the  
like of ,juno's temple7 and make their  
prayers for conjugal peace2 before some 
#fbie indifferent arbitrators and       
friends1 the matter was heard between   
man and wife1 and commonly composed4 ,in
 our times we want no sacred churches1  
or good men to end such controversies1  
if use were made1 of them4 ,some say    
that precious stone called              

#fbif;beryllus1 others a diamond1 hath  
excellent virtue1 contra hostium        
injurias1 et conjugatos invicem         
conciliare1 to reconcile men and wives1 
to maintain unity and love2 you may try 
this when you will1 and as you see      
cause4 ,if none of all these means and  
cautions will take place1 ,i know not   
what remedy to prescribe1 or whither    
such persons may go for ease1 except    
they can get into the same #fbig,turkey 
paradise1 ,where they shall have as many
 fair wives as they will themselves1    
with clear eyes1 and such as look on    
none but their own husbands1 no fear1 no
 danger of being cuckolds2 or else ,i   
would have them observe that strict rule
 of #fbih;,alphonsus1 to marry a deaf   
and dumb man to a blind woman4 ,if this 
will not help1 let them1 to prevent the 
worst1 consult with an #fbii;astrologer1
 and see whether the significators in   
her horoscope agree with his1 that they 
be not in signis et partibus odiose     
intuentibus aut imperantibus1 sed mutuo 

et amice antisciis et obedientibus1     
otherwise 7as they hold7 there will be  
intolerable enmities between them3 or   
else get them sigillum veneris1 a       
characteristical seal stamped in the day
 and hour of ,venus1 when she is        
fortunate1 with such and such set words 
and charms1 which ,villanovanus and ,leo
 ,suavius prescribe1 ex sigillis magicis
 ,salomonis1 ,hermetis1 ,raguelis1 c41  
with many such1 which ,alexis1          
,albertus1 and some of our natural      
magicians put upon us3 ut mulier cum    
aliquo adulterare non possit1 incide de 
capillis ejus1 c41 and he shall surely  
be gracious in all women's eyes1 and    
never suspect or disagree with his own  
wife so long as he wears it4 ,if this   
course be not approved1 and other       
remedies may not be had1 they must in   
the last place sue for a divorce2 but   
that is somewhat difficult to effect1   
and not all out so fit4 ,for as         
,felisacus in his tract de justa uxore  
urgeth1 if that law of ,constantine the 

,great1 or that of ,theodosius and      
,valentinian1 concerning divorce1 were  
in use in our times1 innumeras          
propemodum viduas haberemus1 et coelibes
 viros1 we should have almost no married
 couples left4 ,try therefore those     
former remedies2 or as ,tertullian      
reports of ,democritus1 that put out his
 eyes1 #fcjj;because he could not look  
upon a woman without lust1 and was much 
troubled to see that which he might not 
enjoy2 let him make himself blind1 and  
so he shall avoid that care and         
molestation of watching his wife4 ,one  
other sovereign remedy ,i could repeat1 
an especial antidote against jealousy1  
an excellent cure1 but ,i am not now    
disposed to tell it1 not that like a    
covetous empiric ,i conceal it for any  
gain1 but some other reasons1 ,i am not 
willing to publish it3 if you be very   
desirous to know it1 when ,i meet you   
next ,i will peradventure tell you what 
it is in your ear4 ,this is the best    
counsel ,i can give2 which he that hath 

need of1 as occasion serves1 may apply  
unto himself4 ,in the mean time1--dii   
talem terris avertite pestem1 #fcja;as  
the proverb is1 from heresy1 jealousy   
and frenzy1 good ,lord deliver us4      
,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,,memb4 ,i4  ,,subsect4   
,i4--,religious ,melancholy4 ,its object
 ,god2 what his beauty is2 ,how it      
allures4 ,the parts and parties         
affected4  ,that there is such a        
distinct species of love melancholy1 no 
man hath ever yet doubted3 but whether  
this subdivision of #fcjb,religious     
,melancholy be warrantable1 it may be   
controverted4 #fcjc,pergite ,pieridies1 
medio nec calle vagantem ,linquite me1  
qua nulla pedum vestigia ducunt1 ,nulla 
rotae currus testantur signa priores4   
,i have no pattern to follow as in some 
of the rest1 no man to imitate4 ,no     
physician hath as yet distinctly written
 of it as of the other2 all acknowledge 
it a most notable symptom1 some a cause1
 but few a species or kind4             
#fcjd;,areteus1 ,alexander1 ,rhasis1    

,avicenna1 and most of our late writers1
 as ,gordonius1 ,fuchsius1 ,plater1     
,bruel1 ,montaltus1 c4 repeat it as a   
symptom4 #fcje,some seem to be inspired 
of the ,holy ,ghost1 some take upon them
 to be prophets1 some are addicted to   
new opinions1 some foretell strange     
things1 de statu mundi et ,antichristi1 
saith ,gordonius4 ,some will prophesy of
 the end of the world to a day almost1  
and the fall of the ,antichrist1 as they
 have been addicted or brought up2 for  
so melancholy works with them1 as       
#fcjf,laurentius holds4 ,if they have   
been precisely given1 all their         
meditations tend that way1 and in       
conclusion produce strange effects1 the 
humour imprints symptoms according to   
their several inclinations and          
conditions1 which makes                 
#fcjg;,guianerius and #fcjh;,felix      
,plater put too much devotion1 blind    
zeal1 fear of eternal punishment1 and   
that last judgment for a cause of those 
enthusiastics and desperate persons3 but

 some do not obscurely make a distinct  
species of it1 dividing love melancholy 
into that whose object is women2 and    
into the other whose object is ,god4    
,plato1 in ,convivio1 makes mention of  
two distinct furies2 and amongst our    
neoterics1 ,hercules de ,saxonia lib4   
#a4 pract4 med4 cap4 #af4 cap4 de       
,melanch4 doth expressly treat of it in 
a distinct species4 #fcji ,love         
melancholy 7saith he7 is twofold2 the   
first is that 7to which peradventure    
some will not vouchsafe this name or    
species of melancholy7 affection of     
those which put ,god for their object1  
and are altogether about prayer1        
fasting1 c41 the other about women4     
,peter ,forestus in his observations    
delivereth as much in the same words3   
and ,felix ,platerus de mentis alienat4 
cap4 #c4 frequentissima est ejus        
species1 in qua curanda saepissime      
multum fui impeditus2 'tis a frequent   
disease2 and they have a ground of what 
they say1 forth of ,areteus and ,plato4 

#fcaj;,areteus1 an old author1 in his   
third book cap4 #f4 doth so divide love 
melancholy1 and derives this second from
 the first1 which comes by inspiration  
or otherwise4 #fcaa,plato in his        
,phaedrus hath these words1 ,apollo's   
priests in ,delphos1 and at ,dodona1 in 
their fury do many pretty feats1 and    
benefit the ,greeks1 but never in their 
right wits4 ,he makes them all mad1 as  
well he might2 and he that shall but    
consider that superstition of old1 those
 prodigious effects of it 7as in its    
place ,i will shew the several furies of
 our fatidici dii1 pythonissas1 sibyls1 
enthusiasts1 pseudoprophets1 heretics1  
and schismatics in these our latter     
ages7 shall instantly confess1 that all 
the world again cannot afford so much   
matter of madness1 so many stupendous   
symptoms1 as superstition1 heresy1      
schism have brought out3 that this      
species alone may be paralleled to all  
the former1 has a greater latitude1 and 
more miraculous effects2 that it more   

besots and infatuates men1 than any     
other above named whatsoever1 does more 
harm1 works more disquietness to        
mankind1 and has more crucified the     
souls of mortal men 7such hath been the 
devil's craft7 than wars1 plagues1      
sicknesses1 dearth1 famine1 and all the 
rest4 ,give me but a little leave1 and  
,i will set before your eyes in brief a 
stupendous1 vast1 infinite ocean of     
incredible madness and folly3 a sea full
 of shelves and rocks1 sands1 gulfs1    
euripes and contrary tides1 full of     
fearful monsters1 uncouth shapes1       
roaring waves1 tempests1 and siren      
calms1 halcyonian seas1 unspeakable     
misery1 such comedies and tragedies1    
such absurd and ridiculous1 feral and   
lamentable fits1 that ,i know not       
whether they are more to be pitied or   
derided1 or may be believed1 but that we
 daily see the same still practised in  
our days1 fresh examples1 nova novitia1 
fresh objects of misery and madness1 in 
this kind that are still represented    

unto us1 abroad1 at home1 in the midst  
of us1 in our bosoms4 ,but before ,i can
 come to treat of these several errors  
and obliquities1 their causes1 symptoms1
 affections1 c41 ,i must say something  
necessarily of the object of this love1 
,god himself1 what this love is1 how it 
allureth1 whence it proceeds1 and 7which
 is the cause of all our miseries7 how  
we mistake1 wander and swerve from it4  
,amongst all those divine attributes    
that ,god doth vindicate to himself1    
eternity1 omnipotency1 immutability1    
wisdom1 majesty1 justice1 mercy1 c41 his
 #fcab;beauty is not the least1 one     
thing1 saith ,david1 have ,i desired of 
the ,lord1 and that ,i will still       
desire1 to behold the beauty of the     
,lord1 ,psal4 xxvii4 #d4 ,and out of    
,sion1 which is the perfection of       
beauty1 hath ,god shined1 ,psal4 #a4 #b4
 ,all other creatures are fair1 ,i      
confess1 and many other objects do much 
enamour us1 a fair house1 a fair horse1 
a comely person4 #fcac;,i am amazed1    

saith ,austin1 when #a look up to heaven
 and behold the beauty of the stars1 the
 beauty of angels1 principalities1      
powers1 who can express it8 who can     
sufficiently commend1 or set out this   
beauty which appears in us8 so fair a   
body1 so fair a face1 eyes1 nose1       
cheeks1 chin1 brows1 all fair and lovely
 to behold2 besides the beauty of the   
soul which cannot be discerned4 ,if we  
so labour and be so much affected with  
the comeliness of creatures1 how should 
we be ravished with that admirable      
lustre of ,god himself8 ,if ordinary    
beauty have such a prerogative and      
power1 and what is amiable and fair1 to 
draw the eyes and ears1 hearts and      
affections of all spectators unto it1 to
 move1 win1 entice1 allure3 how shall   
this divine form ravish our souls1 which
 is the fountain and quintessence of all
 beauty8 ,coelum pulchrum1 sed pulchrior
 coeli fabricator2 if heaven be so fair1
 the sun so fair1 how much fairer shall 
he be1 that made them fair8 ,for by the 

greatness and beauty of the creatures1  
proportionally1 the maker of them is    
seen1 ,wisd4 xiii4 #e4 ,if there be such
 pleasure in beholding a beautiful      
person alone1 and as a plausible sermon1
 he so much affect us1 what shall this  
beauty of ,god himself1 that is         
infinitely fairer than all creatures1   
men1 angels1 c4 #fcad ,omnis pulchritudo
 florem1 hominum1 angelorum1 et rerum   
omnium pulcherrimarum ad ,dei           
pulchritudinem collata1 nox est et      
tenebrae1 all other beauties are night  
itself1 mere darkness to this our       
inexplicable1 incomprehensible1         
unspeakable1 eternal1 infinite1         
admirable and divine beauty4 ,this      
lustre1 pulchritudo omnium pulcherrima4 
,this beauty and #fcae splendour of the 
divine ,majesty1 is it that draws all   
creatures to it1 to seek it1 love1      
admire1 and adore it2 and those         
heathens1 pagans1 philosophers1 out of  
those relics they have yet left of      
,god's image1 are so far forth incensed1

 as not only to acknowledge a ,god2 but1
 though after their own inventions1 to  
stand in admiration of his bounty1      
goodness1 to adore and seek him2 the    
magnificence and structure of the world 
itself1 and beauty of all his creatures1
 his goodness1 providence1 protection1  
enforceth them to love him1 seek him1   
fear him1 though a wrong way to adore   
him3 but for us that are ,christians1   
regenerate1 that are his adopted sons1  
illuminated by his word1 having the eyes
 of our hearts and understandings       
opened2 how fairly doth he offer and    
expose himself8 ,ambit nos ,deus        
7,austin saith7 donis et forma sua1 he  
woos us by his beauty1 gifts1 promises1 
to come unto him2 #fcafthe whole        
,scripture is a message1 an exhortation1
 a love letter to this purpose2 to      
incite us1 and invite us1 #fcag;,god's  
epistle1 as ,gregory calls it1 to his   
creatures4 ,he sets out his son and his 
church in that epithalamium or mystical 
song of ,solomon1 to enamour us the     

more1 comparing his head to fine gold1  
his locks curled and black as a raven1  
,cant4 iv4 #e4 his eyes like doves on   
rivers of waters1 washed with milk1 his 
lips as lilies1 drooping down pure      
juice1 his hands as rings of gold set   
with chrysolite3 and his church to a    
vineyard1 a garden enclosed1 a fountain 
of living waters1 an orchard of         
pomegranates1 with sweet scents of      
saffron1 spike1 calamus and cinnamon1   
and all the trees of incense1 as the    
chief spices1 the fairest amongst women1
 no spot in her1 #fcah;his sister1 his  
spouse1 undefiled1 the only daughter of 
her mother1 dear unto her1 fair as the  
moon1 pure as the sun1 looking out as   
the morning2 that by these figures1 that
 glass1 these spiritual eyes of         
contemplation1 we might perceive some   
resemblance of his beauty1 the love     
between his church and him4 ,and so in  
the xlv4 ,psalm this beauty of his      
church is compared to a queen in a      
vesture of gold of ,ophir1 embroidered  

raiment of needlework1 that the king    
might take pleasure in her beauty4 ,to  
incense us further yet1 #fcai;,john1 in 
his apocalypse1 makes a description of  
that heavenly ,jerusalem1 the beauty1 of
 it1 and in it the maker of it2         
,likening it to a city of pure gold1    
like unto clear glass1 shining and      
garnished with all manner of precious   
stones1 having no need of sun or moon3  
for the lamb is the light of it1 the    
glory of ,god doth illuminate it3 to    
give us to understand the infinite      
glory1 beauty and happiness of it4 ,not 
that it is no fairer than these         
creatures to which it is compared1 but  
that this vision of his1 this lustre of 
his divine majesty1 cannot otherwise be 
expressed to our apprehensions1 no      
tongue can tell1 no heart can conceive  
it1 as ,paul saith4 ,moses himself1     
,exod4 xxxiii4 #ah4 when he desired to  
see ,god in his glory1 was answered that
 he might not endure it1 no man could   
see his face and live4 ,sensibile forte 

destruit sensum1 a strong object        
overcometh the sight1 according to that 
axiom in philosophy3 fulgorem solis     
ferre non potes1 multo magis creatoris2 
if thou canst not endure the sunbeams1  
how canst thou endure that fulgor and   
brightness of him that made the sun8    
,the sun itself and all that we can     
imagine1 are but shadows of it1 'tis    
visio praecellens1 as #fcbj;,austin     
calls it1 the quintessence of beauty    
this1 which far exceeds the beauty of   
heavens1 sun and moon1 stars1 angels1   
gold and silver1 woods1 fair fields1 and
 whatsoever is pleasant to behold4 ,all 
those other beauties fail1 vary1 are    
subject to corruption1 to loathing2     
#fcba;,but this is an immortal vision1 a
 divine beauty1 an immortal love1 an    
indefatigable love and beauty1 with     
sight of which we shall never be tired  
nor wearied1 but still the more we see  
the more we shall covet him4 #fcbb;,for 
as one saith1 where this vision is1     
there is absolute beauty2 and where is  

that beauty1 from the same fountain     
comes all pleasure and happiness2       
neither can beauty1 pleasure1 happiness1
 be separated from his vision or sight1 
or his vision1 from beauty1 pleasure1   
happiness4 ,in this life we have but a  
glimpse of this beauty and happiness3 we
 shall hereafter1 as ,john saith1 see   
him as he is3 thine eyes1 as ,isaiah    
promiseth1 xxxiii4 #ag4 shall behold the
 king in his glory1 then shall we be    
perfectly enamoured1 have a full        
fruition of it1 desire1 #fcbc;behold and
 love him alone as the most amiable and 
fairest object1 or summum bonum1 or     
chiefest good4 ,this likewise should we 
now have done1 had not our will been    
corrupted2 and as we are enjoined to    
love ,god with all our heart1 and all   
our soul3 for to that end were we born1 
to love this object1 as #fcbd,melancthon
 discourseth1 and to enjoy it4 ,and him 
our will would have loved and sought    
alone as our summum bonum1 or principal 
good1 and all other good things for     

,god's sake3 and nature1 as she         
proceeded from it1 would have sought    
this fountain2 but in this infirmity of 
human nature this order is disturbed1   
our love is corrupt3 and a man is like  
that monster in #fcbe,plato1 composed of
 a ,scylla1 a lion and a man2 we are    
carried away headlong with the torrent  
of our affections3 the world1 and that  
infinite variety of pleasing objects in 
it1 do so allure and enamour us1 that we
 cannot so much as look towards ,god1   
seek him1 or think on him as we should3 
we cannot1 saith ,austin1 ,rempub4      
coelestem cogitare1 we cannot contain   
ourselves from them1 their sweetness is 
so pleasing to us4 ,marriage1 saith     
#fcbf ,gualter1 detains many2 a thing in
 itself laudable1 good and necessary1   
but many1 deceived and carried away with
 the blind love of it1 have quite laid  
aside the love of ,god1 and desire of   
his glory4 ,meat and drink hath overcome
 as many1 whilst they rather strive to  
please1 satisfy their guts and belly1   

than to serve ,god and nature4 ,some are
 so busied about merchandise to get     
money1 they lose their own souls1 whilst
 covetously carried1 and with an        
insatiable desire of gain1 they forget  
,god2 as much we may say of honour1     
leagues1 friendships1 health1 wealth1   
and all other profits or pleasures in   
this life whatsoever4 #fcbg;,in this    
world there be so many beautiful        
objects1 splendours and brightness of   
gold1 majesty of glory1 assistance of   
friends1 fair promises1 smooth words1   
victories1 triumphs1 and such an        
infinite company of pleasing beauties to
 allure us1 and draw us from ,god1 that 
we cannot look after him4 ,and this is  
it which ,christ himself1 those prophets
 and apostles so much thundered against1
 #a ,john1 xvii4 #ae1 dehort us from2   
love not the world1 nor the things that 
are in the world3 if any man love the   
world1 the love of the ,father is not in
 him1 #af4 ,for all that is in the      
world1 as lust of the flesh1 the lust of

 the eyes1 and pride of life1 is not of 
the ,father1 but of the world3 and the  
world passeth away and the lust thereof2
 but he that fulfilleth the will of ,god
 abideth for ever4 ,no man1 saith our   
,saviour1 can serve two masters1 but he 
must love the one and hate the other1   
c41 bonos vel malos mores1 boni vel mali
 faciunt amores1 ,austin well infers3   
and this is that which all the fathers  
inculcate4 ,he cannot 7#fcbh;,austin    
admonisheth7 be ,god's friend1 that is  
delighted with the pleasures of the     
world3 make clean thine heart1 purify   
thine heart2 if thou wilt see this      
beauty1 prepare thyself for it4 ,it is  
the eye of contemplation by which we    
must behold it1 the wing of meditation  
which lifts us up and rears our souls   
with the motion of our hearts1 and      
sweetness of contemplation3 so saith    
,gregory cited by #fcbi;,bonaventure4   
,and as #fccj,philo ,judeus seconds him1
 he that loves ,god1 will soar aloft and
 take him wings2 and leaving the earth  

fly up to heaven1 wander with sun and   
moon1 stars1 and that heavenly troop1   
,god himself being his guide4 ,if we    
desire to see him1 we must lay aside all
 vain objects1 which detain us and      
dazzle our eyes1 and as #fcca;,ficinus  
adviseth us1 get us solar eyes1         
spectacles as they that look on the sun3
 to see this divine beauty1 lay aside   
all material objects1 all sense1 and    
then thou shalt see him as he is4 ,thou 
covetous wretch1 as #fccb;,austin       
expostulates1 why dost thou stand gaping
 on this dross1 muck-hills1 filthy      
excrements8 behold a far fairer object1 
,god himself woos thee2 behold him1     
enjoy him1 he is sick for love4 ,cant4  
v4 he invites thee to his sight1 to come
 into his fair garden1 to eat and drink 
with him1 to be merry with him1 to enjoy
 his presence for ever4 #fccc,wisdom    
cries out in the streets besides the    
gates1 in the top of high places1 before
 the city1 at the entry of the door1 and
 bids them give ear to her instruction1 

which is better than gold or precious   
stones2 no pleasures can be compared to 
it3 leave all then and follow her1 vos  
exhortor o amici et obsecro4 ,in4       
#fccd;,ficinus's words1 ,i exhort and   
beseech you1 that you would embrace and 
follow this divine love with all your   
hearts and abilities1 by all offices and
 endeavours make this so loving ,god    
propitious unto you4 ,for whom alone1   
saith #fcce,plotinus1 we must forsake   
the kingdoms and empires of the whole   
earth1 sea1 land1 and air1 if we desire 
to be engrafted into him1 leave all and 
follow him4 ,now1 forasmuch as this love
 of ,god is a habit infused of ,god1 as 
#fccf ,thomas holds1 l4 #b4 quaest4 #bc4
 by which a man is inclined to love ,god
 above all1 and his neighbour as        
himself1 we must pray to ,god that he   
will open our eyes1 make clear our      
hearts1 that we may be capable of his   
glorious rays1 and perform those duties 
that he requires of us1 ,deut4 vi4 and  
,josh4 xxiii4 to love ,god above all1   

and our neighbour as ourself1 to keep   
his commandments4 ,in this we know1     
saith ,john1 c4 v4 #b1 we love the      
children of ,god1 when we love ,god and 
keep his commandments4 ,this is the love
 of ,god1 that we keep his commandments2
 he that loveth not1 knoweth not ,god1  
for ,god is love1 cap4 iv4 #h1 and he   
that dwelleth in love1 dwelleth in ,god1
 and ,god in him2 for love pre-supposeth
 knowledge1 faith1 hope1 and unites us  
to ,god himself1 as #fccg,leon ,hebreus 
delivereth unto us1 and is accompanied  
with the fear of ,god1 humility1        
meekness1 patience1 all those virtues1  
and charity itself4 ,for if we love     
,god1 we shall love our neighbour1 and  
perform the duties which are required at
 our hands1 to which we are exhorted1 #a
 ,cor4 xv4 #d1 #e2 ,ephes4 iv42 ,colos4 
iii42 ,rom4 xii4 ,we shall not be       
envious or puffed up1 or boast1 disdain1
 think evil1 or be provoked to anger1   
but suffer all things2 endeavour to keep
 the unity of the spirit in the bond of 

peace4 ,forbear one another1 forgive one
 another1 clothe the naked1 visit the   
sick1 and perform all those works of    
mercy1 which #fcch;,clemens             
,alexandrinus calls amoris et amicitiae1
 impletionem et extentionem1 the extent 
and complement of love2 and that not for
 fear or worldly respects1 but ordine ad
 ,deum1 for the love of ,god himself4   
,this we shall do if we be truly        
enamoured2 but we come short in both1 we
 neither love ,god nor our neighbour as 
we should4 ,our love in spiritual things
 is too #fcci;defective1 in worldly     
things too excessive1 there is a jar in 
both4 ,we love the world too much2 ,god 
too little2 our neighbour not at all1 or
 for our own ends4 ,vulgus amicitias    
utilitate probat4 ,the chief thing we   
respect is our commodity2 and what we do
 is for fear of worldly punishment1 for 
vainglory1 praise of men1 fashion1 and  
such by respects1 not for ,god's sake4  
,we neither know ,god aright1 nor seek1 
love or worship him as we should4 ,and  

for these defects1 we involve ourselves 
into a multitude of errors1 we swerve   
from this true love and worship of ,god3
 which is a cause unto us of unspeakable
 miseries2 running into both extremes1  
we become fools1 madmen1 without sense1 
as now in the next place #a will show   
you4 ,the parties affected are          
innumerable almost1 and scattered over  
the face of the earth1 far and near1 and
 so have been in all precedent ages1    
from the beginning of the world to these
 times1 of all sorts and conditions4    
,for method's sake ,i will reduce them  
to a twofold division1 according to     
those two extremes of excess and defect1
 impiety and superstition1 idolatry and 
atheism4 ,not that there is any excess  
of divine worship or love of ,god2 that 
cannot be1 we cannot love ,god too much1
 or do our duty as we ought1 as ,papists
 hold1 or have any perfection in this   
life1 much less supererogate3 when we   
have all done1 we are unprofitable      
servants4 ,but because we do aliud      

agere1 zealous without knowledge1 and   
too solicitous about that which is not  
necessary1 busying ourselves about      
impertinent1 needless1 idle1 and vain   
ceremonies1 populo ut placerent1 as the 
,jews did about sacrifices1 oblations1  
offerings1 incense1 new moons1 feasts1  
c41 but ,isaiah taxeth them1 i4 #ab1 who
 required this at your hands8 ,we have  
too great opinion of our own worth1 that
 we can satisfy the law3 and do more    
than is required at our hands1 by       
performing those evangelical counsels1  
and such works of supererogation1 merit 
for others1 which ,bellarmine1 ,gregory 
de ,valentia1 all their ,jesuits and    
champions defend1 that if ,god should   
deal in rigour with them1 some of their 
,franciscans and ,dominicans are so     
pure1 that nothing could be objected to 
them4 ,some of us again are too dear1 as
 we think1 more divine and sanctified   
than others1 of a better mettle1 greater
 gifts1 and with that proud ,pharisee1  
contemn others in respect of ourselves1 

we are better ,christians1 better       
learned1 choice spirits1 inspired1 know 
more1 have special revelation1 perceive 
,god's secrets1 and thereupon presume1  
say and do that many times which is not 
befitting to be said or done4 ,of this  
number are all superstitious idolaters1 
ethnics1 ,mahometans1 ,jews1 heretics1  
#fcdj;enthusiasts1 divinators1 prophets1
 sectaries1 and schismatics4 ,zanchius  
reduceth such infidels to four chief    
sects2 but ,i will insist and follow    
mine own intended method3 all which with
 many other curious persons1 monks1     
hermits1 c41 may be ranged in this      
extreme1 and fight under this           
superstitious banner1 with those rude   
idiots1 and infinite swarms of people   
that are seduced by them4 ,in the other 
extreme or in defect1 march those       
impious epicures1 libertines1 atheists1 
hypocrites1 infidels1 worldly1 secure1  
impenitent1 unthankful1 and             
carnal-minded men1 that attribute all to
 natural causes1 that will acknowledge  

no supreme power2 that have cauterised  
consciences1 or live in a reprobate     
sense2 or such desperate persons as are 
too distrustful of his mercies4 ,of     
these there be many subdivisions1       
diverse degrees of madness and folly1   
some more than other1 as shall be shown 
in the symptoms3 and yet all miserably  
out1 perplexed1 doting1 and beside      
themselves for religion's sake4 ,for as 
#fcda,zanchy well distinguished1 and all
 the world knows religion is twofold1   
true or false2 false is that vain       
superstition of idolaters1 such as were 
of old1 ,greeks1 ,romans1 present       
,mahometans1 c4 ,timorem deorum inanem1 
#fcdb,tully could term it2 or as ,zanchy
 defines it1 ,ubi falsi dii1 aut falso  
cullu colitur ,deus1 when false gods1 or
 that ,god is falsely worshipped4 ,and  
'tis a miserable plague1 a torture of   
the soul1 a mere madness1 ,religiosa    
insania1 #fcdc,meteran calls it1 or     
insanus error1 as #fcdd,seneca1 a       
frantic error2 or as ,austin1 ,insanus  

animi morbus1 a furious disease of the  
soul2 insania omnium insanissima1 a     
quintessence of madness2 #fcde;for he   
that is superstitious can never be      
quiet4 ',tis proper to man alone1 uni   
superbia1 avaritia1 superstitio1 saith  
,plin4 lib4 #g4 cap4 #a4 atque etiam    
post saevit de futuro1 which wrings his 
soul for the present1 and to come3 the  
greatest misery belongs to mankind1 a   
perpetual servitude1 a slavery1         
#fcdf;,ex timore timor1 a heavy yoke1   
the seal of damnation1 an intolerable   
burden4 ,they that are superstitious are
 still fearing1 suspecting1 vexing      
themselves with auguries1 prodigies1    
false tales1 dreams1 idle1 vain works1  
unprofitable labours1 as #fcdg;,boterus 
observes1 cura mentis ancipite          
versantur3 enemies to ,god and to       
themselves4 ,in a word1 as ,seneca      
concludes1 ,religio ,deum colit1        
superstitio destruit1 superstition      
destroys1 but true religion honours     
,god4 ,true religion1 ubi verus ,deus   

vere colitur1 where the true ,god is    
truly worshipped1 is the way to heaven1 
the mother of virtues1 love1 fear1      
devotion1 obedience1 knowledge1 c4 ,it  
rears the dejected soul of man1 and     
amidst so many cares1 miseries1         
persecutions1 which this world affords1 
it is a sole ease1 an unspeakable       
comfort1 a sweet reposal1 ,jugum suave1 
et leve1 a light yoke1 an anchor1 and a 
haven4 ,it adds courage1 boldness1 and  
begets generous spirits3 although       
tyrants rage1 persecute1 and that bloody
 ,lictor or sergeant be ready to martyr 
them1 aut lita1 aut morere1 7as in those
 persecutions of the primitive ,church1 
it was put in practice1 as you may read 
in ,eusebius and others7 though enemies 
be now ready to invade1 and all in an   
uproar1 #fcdh,si fractus illabatur      
orbis1 impavidos ferient ruinae1 though 
heaven should fall on his head1 he would
 not be dismayed4 ,but as a good        
,christian prince once made answer to a 
menacing ,turk1 facile scelerata hominum

 arma contemnit1 qui del praesidio tutus
 est3 or as #fcdi ,phalaris writ to     
,alexander in a wrong cause1 he nor any 
other enemy could terrify him1 for that 
he trusted in ,god4 ,si ,deus nobiscum1 
quis contra nos8 ,in all calamities1    
persecutions whatsoever1 as ,david did1 
#b ,sam4 ii4 #bb1 he will sing with him1
 the ,lord is my rock1 my fortress1 my  
strength1 my refuge1 the tower and horn 
of my salvation1 c4 ,in all troubles and
 adversities1 ,psal4 xlvi4 #a4 ,god is  
my hope and help1 still ready to be     
found1 ,i will not therefore fear1 c41  
'tis a fear expelling fear2 he hath     
peace of conscience1 and is full of     
hope1 which is 7saith #fcej;,austin7    
vita vitae mortalis1 the life of this   
our mortal life1 hope of immortality1   
the sole comfort of our misery3         
otherwise1 as ,paul saith1 we of all    
others were most wretched1 but this     
makes us happy1 counterpoising our      
hearts in all miseries2 superstition    
torments1 and is from the devil1 the    

author of lies2 but this is from ,god   
himself1 as ,lucian1 that ,antiochian   
priest1 made his divine confession in   
#fcea;,eusebius1 ,auctor nobis de ,deo  
,deus est1 ,god is the author of our    
religion himself1 his word is our rule1 
a lantern to us1 dictated by the ,holy  
,ghost1 he plays upon our hearts as many
 harpstrings1 and we are his temples1 he
 dwelleth in us1 and we in him4 ,the    
part affected of superstition1 is the   
brain1 heart1 will1 understanding1 soul 
itself1 and all the faculties of it1    
totum compositum1 all is mad and dotes3 
now for the extent1 as ,i say1 the world
 itself is the subject of it1 7to omit  
that grand sin of atheism17 all times   
have been misaffected1 past1 present1   
there is not one that doth good1 no not 
one1 from the prophet to the priest1 c4 
,a lamentable thing it is to consider1  
how many myriads of men this idolatry   
and superstition 7for that comprehends  
all7 hath infatuated in all ages1       
besotted by this blind zeal1 which is   

religion's ape1 religion's bastard1     
religion's shadow1 false glass4 ,for    
where ,god hath a temple1 the devil will
 have a chapel3 where ,god hath         
sacrifices1 the devil will have his     
oblations3 where ,god hath ceremonies1  
the devil will have his traditions3     
where there is any religion1 the devil  
will plant superstition2 and 'tis a     
pitiful sight to behold and read1 what  
tortures1 miseries1 it hath procured1   
what slaughter of souls it hath made1   
how it rageth amongst those old         
,persians1 ,syrians1 ,egyptians1        
,greeks1 ,romans1 ,tuscans1 ,gauls1     
,germans1 ,britons1 c4 ,britannia jam   
hodie celebrat tam attonite1 saith      
#fceb,pliny1 tantis ceremoniis 7speaking
 of superstition7 ut dedisse ,persis    
videri possit4 ,the ,britons are so     
stupendly superstitious in their        
ceremonies1 that they go beyond those   
,persians4 ,he that shall but read in   
,pausanias alone1 those gods1 temples1  
altars1 idols1 statues1 so curiously    

made with such infinite cost and charge1
 amongst those old ,greeks1 such        
multitudes of them and frequent         
varieties1 as #fcec;,gerbelius truly    
observes1 may stand amazed1 and never   
enough wonder at it2 and thank ,god     
withal1 that by the light of the        
,gospel1 we are so happily freed from   
that slavish idolatry in these our days4
 ,but heretofore1 almost in all         
countries1 in all places1 superstition  
hath blinded the hearts of men2 in all  
ages what a small portion hath the true 
church ever been6 ,divisum imperium cum 
,jove ,daemon habet4 #fced,the          
patriarchs and their families1 the      
,israelites a handful in respect1       
,christ and his apostles1 and not all of
 them1 neither4 ,into what straits hath 
it been compinged1 a little flock6 how  
hath superstition on the other side     
dilated herself1 error1 ignorance1      
barbarism1 folly1 madness1 deceived1    
triumphed1 and insulted over the most   
wise discreet1 and understanding man1   

philosophers1 dynasts1 monarchs1 all    
were involved and overshadowed in this  
mist1 in more than ,cimmerian darkness4 
#fcee;,adeo ignara superstitio mentes   
hominum depravat1 et nonnunquam         
sapientum animos transversos agit4 ,at  
this present1 quota pars6 ,how small a  
part is truly religious6 ,how little in 
respect6 ,divide the world into six     
parts1 and one1 or not so much1 as      
,christians2 idolaters and ,mahometans  
possess almost ,asia1 ,africa1 ,america1
 ,magellanica4 ,the kings of ,china1    
great ,cham1 ,siam1 and ,borneo1 ,pegu1 
,deccan1 ,narsinga1 ,japan1 c41 are     
gentiles1 idolaters1 and many other     
petty princes in ,asia1 ,monomotopa1    
,congo1 and ,i know not how many ,negro 
princes in ,africa1 all ,terra          
,australis incognita most of ,america   
pagans1 differing all in their several  
superstitions2 and yet all idolaters4   
,the ,mahometans extend themselves over 
the great ,turk's dominions in ,europe1 
,africa1 ,asia1 to the ,xeriffes in     

,barbary1 and its territories in ,fez1  
,sus1 ,morocco1 c4 ,the ,tartar1 the    
great ,mogor1 the ,sophy of ,persia1    
with most of their dominions and        
subjects1 are at this day ,mahometans4  
,see how the devil rageth3 those at     
odds1 or differing among themselves1    
some for #fcef;,ali1 some ,enbocar1 for 
,acmor1 and ,ozimen1 those four doctors1
 ,mahomet's successors1 and are         
subdivided into seventy-two inferior    
sects1 as #fceg,leo ,afer reports4 ,the 
,jews1 as a company of vagabonds1 are   
scattered over all parts2 whose story1  
present estate1 progress from time to   
time1 is fully set down by #fceh,mr4    
,thomas ,jackson1 ,doctor of ,divinity1 
in his comment on the creed4 ,a fifth   
part of the world1 and hardly that1 now 
professeth ,,christ1 but so inlarded and
 interlaced with several superstitions1 
that there is scarce a sound part to be 
found1 or any agreement amongst them4   
,presbyter ,john1 in ,africa1 lord of   
those ,abyssinians1 or ,ethiopians1 is  

by his profession a ,christian1 but so  
different from us1 with such new        
absurdities and ceremonies1 such        
liberty1 such a mixture of idolatry and 
paganism1 #fceithat they keep little    
more than a bare title of ,christianity4
 ,they suffer polygamy1 circumcision1   
stupend fastings1 divorce as they will  
themselves1 c41 and as the papists call 
on the ,virgin ,mary1 so do they on     
,thomas ,didymus before ,christ4        
#fcfj,the ,greek or ,eastern ,church is 
rent from this of the ,west1 and as they
 have four chief patriarchs1 so have    
they four subdivisions1 besides those   
,nestorians1 ,jacobins1 ,syrians1       
,armenians1 ,georgians1 c41 scattered   
over ,asia ,minor1 ,syria1 ,egypt1 c41  
,greece1 ,walachia1 ,circassia1         
,bulgaria1 ,bosnia1 ,albania1           
,illyricum1 ,sclavonia1 ,croatia1       
,thrace1 ,servia1 ,rascia1 and a        
sprinkling amongst the ,tartars1 the    
,russians1 ,muscovites1 and most of that
 great duke's 7czar's7 subjects1 are    

part of the ,greek ,church1 and still   
,christians3 but as #fcfaone saith1     
temporis successu multas illi addiderunt
 superstitiones4 ,in process of time    
they have added so many superstitions1  
they be rather semi-,christians than    
otherwise4 ,that which remains is the   
,western ,church with us in ,europe1 but
 so eclipsed with several schisms1      
heresies and superstitions1 that one    
knows not where to find it4 ,the papists
 have ,italy1 ,spain1 ,savoy1 part of   
,germany1 ,france1 ,poland1 and a       
sprinkling in the rest of ,europe4 ,in  
,america1 they hold all that which      
,spaniards inhabit1 ,hispania ,nova1    
,castella ,aurea1 ,peru1 c4 ,in the     
,east ,indies1 the ,philippines1 some   
small holds about ,goa1 ,malacca1       
,zelan1 ,ormus1 c41 which the           
,portuguese got not long since1 and     
those land-leaping ,jesuits have essayed
 in ,china1 ,japan1 as appears by their 
yearly letters2 in ,africa they have    
,melinda1 ,quiloa1 ,mombaze1 c41 and    

some few towns1 they drive out one      
superstition with another4 ,poland is a 
receptacle of all religions1 where      
,samosetans1 ,socinians1 ,photinians    
7now protected in ,transylvania and     
,poland71 ,arians1 ,anabaptists are to  
be found1 as well as in some ,german    
cities4 ,scandia is ,christian1 but     
#fcfb;,damianus ,a-,goes1 the ,portugal 
knight1 complains1 so mixed with magic1 
pagan rites and ceremonies1 they may be 
as well counted idolaters3 what ,tacitus
 formerly said of a like nation1 is     
verified in them1 #fcfc;,a people       
subject to superstition1 contrary to    
religion4 ,and some of them as about    
,lapland and the ,pilapians1 the devil's
 possession to this day1 ,misera haec   
gens 7saith mine #fcfd;author7 ,satanae 
hactenus possessio1--et quod maxime     
mirandum et dolendum1 and which is to be
 admired and pitied2 if any of them be  
baptised1 which the kings of ,sweden    
much labour1 they die within seven or   
nine days after1 and for that cause they

 will hardly be brought to              
,christianity1 but worship still the    
devil1 who daily appears to them4 ,in   
their idolatrous courses1 ,gandentibus  
diis patriis1 quos religiose colunt1 c4 
,yet are they very superstitious1 like  
our wild ,irish3 though they of the     
better note1 the kings of ,denmark and  
,sweden themselves1 that govern them1 be
 ,lutherans2 the remnant are            
,calvinists1 ,lutherans1 in ,germany    
equally mixed4 ,and yet the emperor     
himself1 dukes of ,lorraine1 ,bavaria1  
and the princes1 electors1 are most part
 professed papists4 ,and though some    
part of ,france and ,ireland1 ,great    
,britain1 half the cantons in           
,switzerland1 and the ,low ,countries1  
be ,calvinists1 more defecate than the  
rest1 yet at odds amongst themselves1   
not free from superstition4 ,and which  
#fcfe;,brochard1 the monk1 in his       
description of the ,holy ,land1 after he
 had censured the ,greek church1 and    
showed their errors1 concluded at last1 

,faxit ,deus ne ,latinis multa          
irrepserint stultifies1 ,i say ,god     
grant there be no fopperies in our      
church4 ,as a dam of water stopped in   
one place breaks out into another1 so   
doth superstition4 ,i say nothing of    
,anabaptists1 ,socinians1 ,brownists1   
,familists1 c4 ,there is superstition in
 our prayers1 often in our hearing of   
sermons1 bitter contentions1 invectives1
 persecutions1 strange conceits1 besides
 diversity of opinions1 schisms1        
factions1 c4 ,but as the ,lord 7,job    
xlii4 cap4 #g4 v47 said to ,eliphaz1 the
 ,temanite1 and his two friends1 his    
wrath was kindled against them1 for they
 had not spoken of him things that were 
right3 we may justly of these           
schismatics and heretics1 how wise      
soever in their own conceits1 non recte 
loquuntur de ,deo1 they speak not1 they 
think not1 they write not well of ,god1 
and as they ought4 ,and therefore1 ,quid
 quaeso mi ,dorpi1 as ,erasmus concludes
 to ,dorpius1 hisce ,theologis faciamus1

 aut quid preceris1 nisi forte fidelem  
medicum1 qui cerebro medeatur8 ,what    
shall we wish them1 but sanam mentem1   
and a good physician8 ,but more of their
 differences1 paradoxes1 opinions1 mad  
pranks1 in the symptoms3 ,i now hasten  
to the causes4  ,,subsect4              
,,ii4--,causes of ,religious melancholy4
 ,from the ,devil by miracles1          
apparitions1 oracles4 ,his instruments  
or factors1 politicians1 ,priests1      
,impostors1 ,heretics1 blind guides4 ,in
 them simplicity1 fear1 blind zeal1     
ignorance1 solitariness1 curiosity1     
pride1 vainglory1 presumption1 c4 his   
engines1 fasting1 solitariness1 hope1   
fear1 c4  ,we are taught in ,holy       
,scripture1 that the ,devil rangeth     
abroad like a roaring lion1 still       
seeking whom he may devour3 and as in   
several shapes1 so by several engines   
and devices he goeth about to seduce us2
 sometimes he transforms himself into an
 angel of light2 and is so cunning that 
he is able1 if it were possible1 to     

deceive the very elect4 ,he will be     
worshipped as #fcff;,god himself1 and is
 so adored by the heathen1 and esteemed4
 ,and in imitation of that divine power1
 as #fcfg;,eusebius observes1 #fcfhto   
abuse or emulate ,god's glory1 as       
,dandinus adds1 he will have all homage1
 sacrifices1 oblations1 and whatsoever  
else belongs to the worship of ,god1 to 
be done likewise unto him1 similis erit 
altissimo1 and by this means infatuates 
the world1 deludes1 entraps1 and        
destroys many a thousand souls4         
,sometimes by dreams1 visions 7as ,god  
to ,moses by familiar conference71 the  
devil in several shapes talks with them3
 in the #fcfi;,indies it is common1 and 
in ,china nothing so familiar as        
apparitions1 inspirations1 oracles1 by  
terrifying them with false prodigies1   
counterfeit miracles1 sending storms1   
tempests1 diseases1 plagues 7as of old  
in ,athens there was ,apollo1           
,alexicacus1 ,apollo 1 pestifer et      
malorum depulsor71 raising wars1        

seditions by spectrums1 troubling their 
consciences1 driving them to despair1   
terrors of mind1 intolerable pains2 by  
promises1 rewards1 benefits1 and fair   
means1 he raiseth such an opinion of his
 deity and greatness1 that they dare not
 do otherwise than adore him1 do as he  
will have them1 they dare not offend    
him4 ,and to compel them more to stand  
in awe of him1 #fcgj;he sends and cures 
diseases1 disquiets their spirits 7as   
,cyprian saith71 torments and terrifies 
their souls1 to make them adore him3 and
 all his study1 all his endeavour is to 
divert them from true religion to       
superstition3 and because he is damned  
himself1 and in an error1 he would have 
all the world participate of his errors1
 and be damned with him4 ,the primum    
mobile1 therefore1 and first mover of   
all superstition1 is the devil1 that    
great enemy of mankind1 the principal   
agent1 who in a thousand several1       
shapes1 after diverse fashions1 with    
several engines1 illusions1 and by      

several names hath deceived the         
inhabitants of the earth1 in several    
places and countries1 still rejoicing at
 their falls4 ,all the world over before
 ,christ's time1 he freely domineered1  
and held the souls of men in most       
slavish subjection 7saith               
#fcga;,eusebius7 in diverse forms1      
ceremonies1 and sacrifices1 till        
,christ's coming1 as if those devils of 
the air had shared the earth amongst    
them1 which the ,platonists held for    
gods 7#fcgb,ludus deorum sumus71 and    
were our governors and keepers4 ,in     
several places1 they had several rites1 
orders1 names1 of which read ,wierus de 
praestigiis daemonum1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #e4 
#fcgc,strozzius ,cicogna1 and others2   
,adonided amongst the ,syrians2         
,adramalech amongst the ,capernaites1   
,asiniae amongst the ,emathites2        
,astartes with the ,sidonians2 ,astaroth
 with the ,palestines2 ,dagon with the  
,philistines2 ,tartary with the ,hanaei2
 ,melchonis amongst the ,ammonites3     

,beli the ,babylonians2 ,beelzebub and  
,baal with the ,samaritans and          
,moabites2 ,apis1 ,isis1 and ,osiris    
amongst the ,egyptians2 ,apollo ,pythius
 at ,delphos1 ,colophon1 ,ancyra1 ,cuma1
 ,erythra2 ,jupiter in ,crete1 ,venus at
 ,cyprus1 ,juno at ,carthage1           
,aesculapius at ,epidaurus1 ,diana at   
,ephesus1 ,pallas at ,athens1 c4 ,and   
even in these our days1 both in the     
,east and ,west ,indies1 in ,tartary1   
,china1 ,japan1 c41 what strange idols1 
in what prodigious forms1 with what     
absurd ceremonies are they adored8 ,what
 strange sacraments1 like ours of       
,baptism and the ,lord's ,supper1 what  
goodly temples1 priests1 sacrifices they
 had in ,america1 when the ,spaniards   
first landed there1 let ,acosta the     
,jesuit relate1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #a1 #b1   
#c1 #d1 c41 and how the devil imitated  
the ,ark and the children of ,israel's  
coming out of ,egypt2 with many such4   
,for as ,lipsius well discourseth out of
 the doctrine of the ,stoics1 maxime    

cupiunt adorationem hominum1 now and of 
old1 they still and most especially     
desire to be adored by men4 ,see but    
what ,vertomannus1 l4 #e4 c4 #b4 ,marcus
 ,polus1 ,lerius1 ,benzo1 ,p4 ,martyr in
 his ,ocean ,decades1 ,acosta1 and ,mat4
 ,riccius expedit4 ,christ4 in ,sinus1  
lib4 #a4 relate4 #fcgd;,eusebius wonders
 how that wise city of ,athens1 and     
flourishing kingdoms of ,greece1 should 
be so besotted2 and we in our times1    
how4 those witty ,chinese1 so           
perspicacious in all other things should
 be so gulled1 so tortured with         
superstition1 so blind as to worship    
stocks and stones4 ,but it is no marvel1
 when we see all out as great effects   
amongst ,christians themselves2 how are 
those ,anabaptists1 ,arians1 and        
,papists above the rest1 miserably      
infatuated6 ,mars1 ,jupiter1 ,apollo1   
and ,aesculapius1 have resigned their   
interest1 names1 and offices to ,saint  
,george4 7#fcge7,maxime bellorum rector1
 quem nostra juventus ,pro ,mavorte     

colit47------  ,st4 ,christopher1 and a 
company of fictitious saints1 ,venus to 
the ,lady of ,loretto4 ,and as those old
 ,romans had several distinct gods1 for 
divers offices1 persons1 places1 so have
 they saints1 as #fcgf,lavater well     
observes out of ,lactantius1 mutato     
nomine tantum1 'tis the same spirit or  
devil that deludes them still4 ,the     
manner how1 as ,i say1 is by rewards1   
promises1 terrors1 affrights1           
punishments4 ,in a word1 fair and foul  
means1 hope and fear4 ,how often hath   
,jupiter1 ,apollo1 ,bacchus1 and the    
rest1 sent plagues in #fcgg;,greece and 
,italy1 because their sacrifices were   
neglected8 #fcgh;,dii multa neglecti    
dederunt ,hesperiae mala luctuosae1  to 
terrify them1 to arouse them up1 and the
 like3 see but ,livy1 ,dionysius        
,halicarnassaeus1 ,thucydides1          
,pausanius1 ,philostratus1              
#fcgi,polybius1 before the battle of    
,cannae1 prodigiis signis1 ostentis1    
templa cuncta1 privates etiam aedes     

scatebant4 ,oeneus reigned in ,aetolia1 
and because he did not sacrifice to     
,diana with his other gods 7see more in 
,labanius his ,diana71 she sent a wild  
boar1 insolitae magnitudinis1 qui terras
 et homines misere depascebatur1 to     
spoil both men and country1 which was   
afterwards killed by ,meleager4 ,so     
,plutarch in the ,life of ,lucullus     
relates1 how ,mithridates1 king of      
,pontus1 at the siege of ,cizicum1 with 
all his navy1 was overthrown by         
,proserpina1 for neglecting of her holy 
day4 ,she appeared in a vision to       
,aristagoras in the night1 ,cras inquit 
tybicinem ,lybicum cum tybicine pontico 
committam 7tomorrow ,i will cause a     
contest between a ,libyan and a ,pontic 
minstrel71 and the day following this   
enigma was understood2 for with a great 
south wind which came from ,libya1 she  
quite overwhelmed ,mithridates' army4   
,what prodigies and miracles1 dreams1   
visions1 predictions1 apparitions1      
oracles1 have been of old at ,delphos1  

,dodona1 ,trophonius' den1 at ,thebes1  
and ,lebaudia1 of ,jupiter ,ammon in    
,egypt1 ,amphiaraus in ,attica1 c42 what
 strange cures performed by ,apollo and 
,aesculapius8 ,juno's image and that of 
#fchj;,fortune spake1 #fcha;,castor and 
,pollux fought in person for the ,romans
 against ,hannibal's army1 as ,pallas1  
,mars1 ,juno1 ,venus1 for ,greeks and   
,trojans1 c4 ,amongst our               
pseudo-,catholics nothing so familiar as
 such miracles2 how many cures done by  
our lady of ,loretto1 at ,sichem6 of old
 at our ,st4 ,thomas's shrine1 c4       
#fchb,st4 ,sabine was seen to fight for 
,arnulphus1 duke of ,spoleto4 #fchc,st4 
,george fought in person for ,john the  
,bastard of ,portugal1 against the      
,castilians2 ,st4 ,james for the        
,spaniards in ,america4 ,in the battle  
of ,bannockburn1 where ,edward the      
,second1 our ,english king1 was foiled  
by the ,scots1 ,st4 ,philanus' arm was  
seen to fight 7if #fchd;,hector         
,boethius doth not impose71 that was    

before shut up in a silver cap-case2    
another time1 in the same author1 ,st4  
,magnus fought for them4 ,now for       
visions1 revelations1 miracles1 not only
 out of the legend1 out of purgatory1   
but everyday comes news from the        
,indies1 and at home read the ,jesuits' 
,letters1 ,ribadineira1 ,thurselinus1   
,acosta1 ,lippomanus1 ,xaverius1        
,ignatius' ,lives1 c41 and tell me what 
difference8 ,his ordinary instruments or
 factors which he useth1 as ,god        
himself1 did good kings1 lawful         
magistrates1 patriarchs1 prophets1 to   
the establishing of his church1         
#fche;are politicians1 statesmen1       
priests1 heretics1 blind guides1        
impostors1 pseudoprophets1 to propagate 
his superstition4 ,and first to begin of
 politicians1 it hath ever been a       
principal axiom with them to maintain   
religion or superstition1 which they    
determine of1 alter and vary upon all   
occasions1 as to them seems best1 they  
make religion mere policy1 a cloak1 a   

human invention1 nihil aeque valet ad   
regendos vulgi animos ac superstitio1 as
 #fchf,tacitus and #fchg,tully hold4    
,austin1 l4 #d4 de civitat4 ,dei4 c4 #i4
 censures ,scaevola saying and          
acknowledging expedire civitates        
religione falli1 that it was a fit thing
 cities should be deceived by religion1 
according to the diverb1 ,si mundus vult
 decipi1 decipiatur1 if the world will  
be gulled1 let it be gulled1 'tis good  
howsoever to keep it in subjection4     
',tis that #fchh;,aristotle and         
#fchi,plato inculcate in their politics1
 ,religion neglected1 brings plague to  
the city1 opens a gap to all            
naughtiness4 ',tis that which all our   
late politicians ingeminate4 ,cromerus1 
l4 #b4 pol4 hist4 ,boterus1 l4 #c4 de   
incrementis urbium4 ,clapmarius1 l4 #b4 
c4 #i4 de ,arcanis rerump4 cap4 #d4 lib4
 #b4 polit4 ,captain ,machiavel will    
have a prince by all means to           
counterfeit religion1 to be             
superstitious in show at least1 to seem 

to be devout1 frequent holy exercises1  
honour divines1 love the church1 affect 
priests1 as ,numa1 ,lycurgus1 and such  
lawmakers were and did1 non ut his fidem
 habeant1 sed ut subditos religionis    
metu facilius in officio contineant1 to 
keep people in obedience4 #fcij,nam     
naturaliter 7as ,cardan writes7 lex     
,christiana lex est pietatis1 justitiae1
 fidei1 simplicitatis1 c4 ,but this     
error of his1 ,innocentius ,jentilettus1
 a ,french lawyer1 theorem4 #i4 comment4
 #a4 de ,relig1 and ,thomas ,bozius in  
his book de ruinis gentium et ,regnorum 
have copiously confuted4 ,many          
politicians1 ,i dare not deny1 maintain 
religion as a true means1 and sincerely 
speak of it without hypocrisy1 are truly
 zealous and religious themselves4      
,justice and religion are the two chief 
props and supporters of a well-governed 
commonwealth3 but most of them are but  
,machiavellians1 counterfeits only for  
political ends2 for solus rex 7which    
,campanella1 cap4 #ah4 atheismi         

triumphali observes71 as amongst our    
modern ,turks1 reipub4 ,finis1 as       
knowing #fciamagnus ejus in animos      
imperium2 and that1 as #fcib,sabellicus 
delivers1 ,a man without religion1 is   
like a horse without a bridle4 ,no way  
better to curb than superstition1 to    
terrify men's consciences1 and to keep  
them in awe3 they make new laws1        
statutes1 invent new religions1         
ceremonies1 as so many stalking horses1 
to their ends4 #fcic;,haec enim         
7religio7 si falsa sit1 dummodo vera    
credatur1 animorum ferociam domat1      
libidines coercet1 subditos principi    
obsequentes efficit4 #fcid,therefore    
7saith #fcie,polybius of ,lycurgus71 did
 he maintain ceremonies1 not that he was
 superstitious himself1 but that he had 
perceived mortal men more apt to embrace
 paradoxes than aught else1 and durst   
attempt no evil things for fear of the  
gods4 ,this was ,zamolcus's stratagem   
amongst the ,thracians1 ,numa's plot1   
when he said he had conference with the 

nymph ,aegeria1 and that of ,sertorius  
with a hart2 to get more credit to their
 decrees1 by deriving them from the     
gods2 or else they did all by divine    
instinct1 which ,nicholas ,damascen well
 observes of ,lycurgus1 ,solon1 and     
,minos1 they had their laws dictated1   
monte sacro1 by ,jupiter himself4 ,so   
,mahomet referred his new laws to the   
#fcif;angel ,gabriel1 by whose direction
 he gave out they were made4 ,caligula  
in ,dion feigned himself to be familiar 
with ,castor and ,pollux1 and many such1
 which kept those ,romans under 7who1 as
 ,machiavel proves1 lib4 #a4 disput4    
cap4 #aa4 et #ab4 were ,religione maxime
 moti1 most superstitious73 and did curb
 the people more by this means1 than by 
force of arms1 or severity of human     
laws4 ,sola plebecula eam agnoscebat    
7saith ,vaninus1 dial4 #a4 lib4 #d4 de  
admirandis naturae arcanis7 speaking of 
religion1 que facile decipitur1 magnates
 vero et philosophi nequaquam1 your     
grandees and philosophers had no such   

conceit1 sed ad imperii conformationem  
et amplificationem quam sine praetextu  
religionis tueri non poterant2 and many 
thousands in all ages have ever held as 
much1 ,philosophers especially1         
animadvertebant hi semper haec esse     
fabellas1 attamen ob metum publicae     
potestatis silere cogebantur they were  
still silent for fear of laws1 c4 ,to   
this end that ,syrian ,phyresides1      
,pythagoras his master1 broached in the 
,east amongst the heathens1 first the   
immortality of the soul1 as             
,trismegistus did in ,egypt1 with a many
 of feigned gods4 ,those ,french and    
,briton ,druids in the ,west first      
taught1 saith #fcig;,caesar1 non        
interire animas 7that souls did not     
die71 but after death to go from one to 
another1 that so they might encourage   
them to virtue4 ',twas for a politic    
end1 and to this purpose the old        
#fcihpoets feigned those elysian fields1
 their ,aeacus1 ,minos1 and             
,rhadamanthus1 their infernal judges1   

and those ,stygian lakes1 fiery         
,phlegethons1 ,pluto's kingdom1 and     
variety of torments after death4 ,those 
that had done well1 went to the elysian 
fields1 but evil doers to ,cocytus1 and 
to that burning lake of #fcii;hell with 
fire1 and brimstone for ever to be      
tormented4 ',tis this which #fdjj,plato 
labours for in his ,phaedon1 et #i4 de  
rep4 ,the ,turks in their ,alcoran1 when
 they set down rewards1 and several     
punishments for every particular virtue 
and vice1 #fdjawhen they persuade men1  
that they that die in battle shall go   
directly to heaven1 but wicked livers to
 eternal torment1 and all of all sorts  
7much like our papistical purgatory71   
for a set time shall be tortured in     
their graves1 as appears by that tract  
which ,john ,baptista ,alfaqui1 that    
,mauritanian priest1 now turned         
,christian1 hath written in his         
confutation of the ,alcoran4 ,after a   
man's death two black angels1 ,nunquir  
and ,nequir 7so they call them7 come to 

him to his grave and punish him for his 
precedent sins2 if he lived well1 they  
torture him the less2 if ill1 per       
indesinentes cruciatus ad diem fudicii1 
they incessantly punish him to the day  
of judgment1 ,nemo viventium qui ad     
horum mentionem non totus horret et     
contremiscit1 the thought of this       
crucifies them all their lives long1 and
 makes them spend their days in fasting 
and prayer1 ne mala haec contingant1 c4 
,a ,tartar prince1 saith ,marcus ,polus1
 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bc4 called ,senex de    
,montibus1 the better to establish his  
government amongst his subjects1 and to 
keep them in awe1 found a convenient    
place in a pleasant valley1 environed   
with hills1 in #fdjbwhich he made a     
delicious park full of odoriferous      
flowers and fruits1 and a palace of all 
worldly contents1 that could possibly be
 devised1 music1 pictures1 variety of   
meats1 c41 and chose out a certain young
 man1 whom with a #fdjcsoporiferous     
potion he so benumbed1 that he perceived

 nothing3 and so fast asleep as he was1 
caused him to be conveyed into this fair
 garden3 where after he had lived awhile
 in all such pleasures a sensual man    
could desire1 #fdjd;,he cast him into a 
sleep again1 and brought him forth1 that
 when he awaked he might tell others he 
had been in ,paradise4 ,the like he did 
for hell1 and by this means brought his 
people to subjection4 ,because heaven   
and hell are mentioned in the           
scriptures1 and to be believed necessary
 by ,christians3 so cunningly can the   
devil and his ministers1 in imitation of
 true religion1 counterfeit and forge   
the like1 to circumvent and delude his  
superstitious followers4 ,many such     
tricks and impostures are acted by      
politicians1 in ,china especially1 but  
with what effect ,i will discourse in   
the symptoms4 ,next to politicians1 if  
,i may distinguish them1 are some of our
 priests 7who make religion policy71 if 
not far beyond them1 for they domineer  
over princes and statesmen themselves4  

,carnificinam exercent1 one saith they  
tyrannise over men's consciences more   
than any other tormentors whatsoever1   
partly for their commodity and gain2    
,religionem enim omnium abusus 7as      
#fdje,postellus holds71 quaestus        
scilicet sacrificum in causa est3 for   
sovereignty1 credit1 to maintain their  
state and reputation1 out of ambition   
and avarice1 which are their chief      
supporters3 what have they not made the 
common people believe8 ,impossibilities 
in nature1 incredible things2 what      
devices1 traditions1 ceremonies1 have   
they not invented in all ages to keep   
men in obedience1 to enrich themselves8 
,quibus quaestui sunt capti             
superstitione animi1 as #fdjf,livy      
saith4 ,those ,egyptian priests of old  
got all the sovereignty into their      
hands1 and knowing1 as #fdjg;,curtius   
insinuates1 nulla res efficacius        
multitudinem regit quam superstitio2    
melius vatibus quam ducibus parent1 vana
 religione capti1 etiam impotentes      

faeminae2 the common people will sooner 
obey priests than captains1 and nothing 
so forcible as superstition1 or better  
than blind zeal to rule a multitude2    
have so terrified and gulled them1 that 
it is incredible to relate4 ,all nations
 almost have been besotted in this kind2
 amongst our ,britons and old ,gauls the
 ,druids2 magi in ,persia2 philosophers 
in ,greece2 ,chaldeans amongst the      
,oriental2 ,brachmanni in ,india2       
,gymnosophists in ,ethiopia2 the        
,turditanes in ,spain2 ,augurs in ,rome1
 have insulted2 ,apollo's priests in    
,greece1 ,phaebades and ,pythonissae1 by
 their oracles and phantasms2           
,amphiaraus and his companions2 now     
,mahometan and pagan priests1 what can  
they not effect8 ,how do they not       
infatuate the world8 ,adeo ubique 7as   
#fdjh,scaliger writes of the ,mahometan 
priests71 tum gentium tum locorum1 gens 
ista sacrorum ministra1 vulgi secat     
spes1 ad ea quae ipsi fingunt somnia1 so
 cunningly can they gull the commons in 

all places and countries4 ,but above all
 others1 that high priest of ,rome1 the 
dam of that monstrous and superstitious 
brood1 the bull-bellowing pope1 which   
now rageth in the ,west1 that           
three-headed ,cerberus hath played his  
part4 #fdji ,whose religion at this day 
is mere policy1 a state wholly composed 
of superstition and wit1 and needs      
nothing but wit and superstition to     
maintain it1 that useth colleges and    
religious houses to as good purpose as  
forts and castles1 and doth more at this
 day by a company of scribbling         
parasites1 fiery-spirited friars1       
zealous anchorites1 hypocritical        
confessors1 and those praetorian        
soldiers1 his ,janissary ,jesuits1 and  
that dissociable society1 as            
#fdaj,languis terms it1 postremus       
diaboli conatus et saeculi excrementum1 
that now stand in the fore front of the 
battle1 will have a monopoly of1 and    
engross all other learning1 but domineer
 in divinity1 #fdaa;,excipiunt soli     

totius vulnera belli1 and fight alone   
almost 7for the rest are but his        
dromedaries and asses71 than ever he    
could have done by garrisons and armies4
 ,what power of prince1 or penal law1 be
 it never so strict1 could enforce men  
to do that which for conscience' sake   
they will voluntarily undergo8 ,and as  
to fast from all flesh1 abstain from    
marriage1 rise to their prayers at      
midnight1 whip themselves1 with         
stupendous fasting and penance1 abandon 
the world1 wilful poverty1 perform      
canonical and blind obedience1 to       
prostrate their goods1 fortunes1 bodies1
 lives1 and offer up themselves at their
 superior's feet1 at his command8 ,what 
so powerful an engine as superstition8  
which they right well perceiving1 are of
 no religion at all themselves3 ,primum 
enim 7as ,calvin rightly suspects1 the  
tenor and practice of their life        
proves71 arcanae illius theologiae1 quod
 apud eos regnat1 caput est1 nullum esse
 deum1 they hold there is no ,god1 as   

,leo ,x4 did1 ,hildebrand the magician1 
,alexander ,,vi41 ,julius ,,ii41 mere   
atheists1 and which the common proverb  
amongst them approves1 #fdab,the worst  
,christians of ,italy are the ,romans1  
of the ,romans the priests are wildest1 
the lewdest priests are preferred to be 
cardinals1 and the baddest men amongst  
the cardinals is chosen to be pope1 that
 is an epicure1 as most part the popes  
are1 infidels and ,lucianists1 for so   
they think and believe2 and what is said
 of ,christ to be fables and impostures1
 of heaven and hell1 day of judgment1   
paradise1 immortality of the soul1 are  
all1 #fdac,rumores vacui1 verbaque      
inania1 ,et par sollicito fabula somnio4
  ,dreams1 toys1 and old wives' tales4  
,yet as so many #fdadwhetstones to make 
other tools cut1 but cut not themselves1
 though they be of no religion at all1  
they will make others most devout and   
superstitious1 by promises and threats1 
compel1 enforce from1 and lead them by  
the nose like so many bears in a line2  

when as their end is not to propagate   
the church1 advance ,god's kingdom1 seek
 ,his glory or common good1 but to      
enrich themselves1 to enlarge their     
territories1 to domineer and compel them
 to stand in awe1 to live in subjection 
to the ,see of ,rome4 ,for what         
otherwise care they8 ,si mundus vult    
decipi1 decipiatur1 since the world     
wishes to be gulled1 let it be gulled1  
'tis fit it should be so4 ,and for which
 #fdae;,austin cites ,varro to maintain 
his ,roman religion1 we may better apply
 to them3 multa vera1 quae vulgus scire 
non est utile2 pleraque falsa1 quae     
tamen uliter existimare populum expedit2
 some things are true1 some false1 which
 for their own ends they will not have  
the gullish commonalty take notice of4  
,as well may witness their intolerable  
covetousness1 strange forgeries1        
fopperies1 fooleries1 unrighteous       
subtleties1 impostures1 illusions1 new  
doctrines1 paradoxes1 traditions1 false 
miracles1 which they have still forged1 

to enthral1 circumvent and subjugate    
them1 to maintain their own estates4    
#fdaf,one while by bulls1 pardons1      
indulgencies1 and their doctrines of    
good works1 that they be meritorious1   
hope of heaven1 by that means they have 
so fleeced the commonalty1 and spurred  
on this free superstitious horse1 that  
he runs himself blind1 and is an ass to 
carry burdens4 ,they have so amplified  
,peter's patrimony1 that from a poor    
bishop1 he is become ,rex ,regum1       
,dominus dominantium1 a demigod1 as his 
canonists make him 7,felinus and the    
rest71 above ,god himself4 ,and for his 
wealth and #fdag temporalities1 is not  
inferior to many kings3 #fdah;his       
cardinals1 princes' companions2 and in  
every kingdom almost1 abbots1 priors1   
monks1 friars1 c41 and his clergy1 have 
engrossed a #fdaithird part1 half1 in   
some places all1 into their hands4      
,three princes1 electors in ,germany1   
bishops2 besides ,magdeburg1 ,spire1    
,saltsburg1 ,breme1 ,bamberg1 c4 ,in    

,france1 as ,bodine lib4 de repub4 gives
 us to understand1 their revenues are   
#ab1cjj1jjj livres2 and of twelve parts 
of the revenues in ,france1 the church  
possesseth seven4 ,the ,jesuits1 a new  
sect1 begun in this age1 have1 as       
#fdbj,middendorpius and #fdba,pelargus  
reckon up1 three or four hundred        
colleges in ,europe1 and more revenues  
than many princes4 ,in ,france1 as      
,arnoldus proves1 in thirty years they  
have got bis centum librarum millia     
annua1 #bjj1jjjl4 ,i say nothing of the 
rest of their orders4 ,we have had in   
,england1 as ,armachanus demonstrates1  
above #cj1jjj friars at once1 and as    
#fdbb,speed collects out of ,leland and 
others1 almost #fjj religious houses1   
and near #bjj1jjjl4 in revenues of the  
old rent belonging to them1 besides     
images of gold1 silver1 plate1          
furniture1 goods and ornaments1 as      
#fdbc,weever calculates1 and esteems    
them at the dissolution of abbeys1 worth
 a million of gold4 ,how many towns in  

every kingdom hath superstition         
enriched8 ,what a deal of money by musty
 relics1 images1 idolatry1 have their   
mass-priests engrossed1 and what sums   
have they scraped by their other tricks6
 ,loretto in ,italy1 ,walsingham in     
,england1 in those days4 ,ubi omnia auro
 nitent1 where everything shines with   
gold1 saith ,erasmus1 ,st4 ,thomas's    
shrine1 c41 may witness4 #fdbd;,delphos 
so renowned of old in ,greece for       
,apollo's oracle1 ,delos commune        
conciliabulum et emporium sola religions
 manitum2 ,dodona1 whose fame and wealth
 were sustained by religion1 were not so
 rich1 so famous4 ,if they can get but a
 relic of some saint1 the ,virgin       
,mary's picture1 idols or the like1 that
 city is for ever made1 it needs no     
other maintenance4 ,now if any of these 
their impostures or juggling tricks be  
controverted1 or called in question3 if 
a magnanimous or zealous ,luther1 an    
heroical ,luther1 as #fdbe;,dithmarus   
,calls him1 dare touch the monks'       

bellies1 all is in a combustion1 all is 
in an uproar3 ,demetrius and his        
associates are ready to pull him in     
pieces1 to keep up their trades1 #fdbf  
,great is ,diana of the ,ephesians3 with
 a mighty shout of two hours long they  
will roar and not be pacified4 ,now for 
their authority1 what by auricular      
confession1 satisfaction1 penance1      
,peter's keys1 thunderings1             
excommunications1 c41 roaring bulls1    
this high priest of ,rome1 shaking his  
,gorgon's head1 hath so terrified the   
soul of many a silly man1 insulted over 
majesty itself1 and swaggered generally 
over all ,europe for many ages1 and     
still doth to some1 holding them as yet 
in slavish subjection1 as never         
tyrannising ,spaniards did by their poor
 ,negroes1 or ,turks by their           
galley-slaves4 #fdbg,the bishop of ,rome
 7saith ,stapleton1 a parasite of his1  
de mag4 ,eccles4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #a47 hath
 done that without arms1 which those    
,roman emperors could never achieve with

 forty legions of soldiers1 deposed     
kings1 and crowned them again with his  
foot1 made friends1 and corrected at his
 pleasure1 c4 #fdbh ',tis a wonder1     
saith ,machiavel1 ,florentinae1 his4    
lib4 #a4 what slavery ,king ,henry ,,ii4
 endured for the death of ,thomas a     
,beckett1 what things he was enjoined by
 the ,pope1 and how he submitted himself
 to do that which in our times a private
 man would not endure1 and all through  
superstition4 #fdbi;,henry ,,iv4        
disposed of his empire1 stood barefooted
 with his wife at the gates of          
,canossus4 #fdcj;,frederic the ,emperor 
was trodden on by ,alexander ,,iii41    
another held ,adrian's stirrup1 ,king   
,john kissed the knees of ,pandulphos   
the ,pope's legate1 ,see4 ,what made so 
many thousand ,christians travel from   
,france1 ,britain1 c41 into the ,holy   
,land1 spend such huge sums of money1 go
 a pilgrimage so familiarly to          
,jerusalem1 to creep and crouch1 but    
slavish superstition8 ,what makes them  

so freely venture their lives1 to leave 
their native countries1 to go seek      
martyrdom in the ,indies1 but           
superstition8 to be assassins1 to meet  
death1 murder kings1 but a false        
persuasion of merit1 of canonical or    
blind obedience which they instil into  
them1 and animate them by strange       
illusions1 hope of being martyrs and    
saints3 such pretty feats can the devil 
work by priests1 and so well for their  
own advantage can they play their parts4
 ,and if it were not yet enough1 by     
priests and politicians to delude       
mankind1 and crucify the souls of men1  
he hath more actors in his tragedy1 more
 irons in the fire1 another scene of    
heretics1 factious1 ambitious wits1     
insolent spirits1 schismatics1          
impostors1 false prophets1 blind guides1
 that out of pride1 singularity1        
vainglory1 blind zeal1 cause much more  
madness yet1 set all in an uproar by    
their new doctrines1 paradoxes1         
figments1 crotchets1 make new divisions1

 subdivisions1 new sects1 oppose one    
superstition to another1 one kingdom to 
another1 commit prince and subjects1    
brother against brother1 father against 
son1 to the ruin and destruction of a   
commonwealth1 to the disturbance of     
peace1 and to make a general confusion  
of all estates4 ,how did those ,arians  
rage of old8 how many did they          
circumvent8 ,those ,pelagians1          
,manichees1 c41 their names alone would 
make a just volume4 ,how many silly     
souls have impostors still deluded1     
drawn away1 and quite alienated from    
,christ6 ,lucian's ,alexander ,simon    
,magus1 whose statue was to be seen and 
adored in ,rome1 saith ,justin ,martyr1 
,simoni deo sancto1 c41 after his       
decease4 #fdca;,apollonius ,tianaeus1   
,cynops1 ,eumo1 who by counterfeiting   
some new ceremonies and juggling tricks 
of that ,dea ,syria1 by spitting fire1  
and the like1 got an army together of   
#dj1jjj men1 and did much harm3 with    
,eudo de stellis1 of whom ,nubrigensis  

speaks1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ai4 that in ,king
 ,stephen's days imitated most of       
,christ's miracles1 fed ,i know not how 
many people in the wilderness1 and built
 castles in the air1 c41 to the seducing
 of multitudes of poor souls4 ,in       
,franconia1 #adgf1 a base illiterate    
fellow took upon him to be a prophet1   
and preach1 ,john ,beheim by name1 a    
neatherd at ,nicholhausen1 he seduced   
#cj1jjj persons1 and was taken by the   
commonalty to be a most holy man1 come  
from heaven4 #fdcb ,tradesmen left their
 shops1 women their distaffs1 servants  
ran from their masters1 children from   
their parents1 scholars left their      
tutors1 all to hear him1 some for       
novelty1 some for zeal4 ,he was burnt at
 last by the ,bishop of ,wartzburg1 and 
so he and his heresy vanished together4 
,how many such impostors1 false         
prophets1 have lived in every king's    
reign8 what chronicles will not afford  
such examples8 that as so many ignes    
fatui1 have led men out of the way1     

terrified some1 deluded others1 that are
 apt to be carried about by the blast of
 every wind1 a rude inconstant          
multitude1 a silly company of poor      
souls1 that follow all1 and are         
cluttered together like so many pebbles 
in a tide4 ,what prodigious follies1    
madness1 vexations1 persecutions1       
absurdities1 impossibilities1 these     
impostors1 heretics1 c41 have thrust    
upon the world1 what strange effects    
shall be shown in the symptoms4 ,now the
 means by which1 or advantages the devil
 and his infernal ministers take1 so to 
delude and disquiet the world with such 
idle ceremonies1 false doctrines1       
superstitious fopperies1 are from       
themselves1 innate fear1 ignorance1     
simplicity1 hope and fear1 those two    
battering cannons and principal engines1
 with their objects1 reward and         
punishment1 purgatory1 ,limbus ,patrum1 
c4 which now more than ever tyrannise2  
#fdcc;for what province is free from    
atheism1 superstition1 idolatry1 schism1

 heresy1 impiety1 their factors and     
followers8 thence they proceed1 and from
 that same decayed image of ,god1 which 
is yet remaining in us4 #fdcd,os homini 
sublime dedit1 coelumque tueri          
,jussit4------  ,our own conscience doth
 dictate so much unto us1 we know there 
is a ,god and nature doth inform us2    
,nulla gens tam barbara 7saith ,tully7  
cui non insideat haec persuasio ,deum   
esse2 sed nec ,scytha1 nec ,groecus1 nec
 ,persa1 nec ,hyperboreus dissentiet 7as
 ,maximus ,tyrius the ,platonist ser4   
#a4 farther adds7 nec continentis nec   
insularum habitator1 let him dwell where
 he will1 in what coast soever1 there is
 no nation so barbarous that is not     
persuaded there is a ,god4 ,it is a     
wonder to read of that infinite         
superstition amongst the ,indians in    
this kind1 of their tenets in ,america1 
pro suo quisque libitu varias res       
venerabantur superstitiose1 plantas1    
animalia1 montes1 c4 omne quod amabant  
aut horrebant 7some few places excepted 

as he grants1 that had no ,god at all74 
,so the heavens declare the glory of    
,god1 and the firmament declares his    
handy work1 ,psalm xix4 ,every creature 
will evince it2 ,praesentemque refert   
quaelibet herba deum4 ,nolentes sciunt1 
fatentur inviti1 as the said ,tyrius    
proceeds1 will or nill1 they must       
acknowledge it4 ,the philosophers1      
,socrates1 ,plato1 ,plotinus1           
,pythagoras1 ,trismegistus1 ,seneca1    
,epictetus1 those ,magi1 ,druids1 c4    
went as far as they could by the light  
of nature2 #fdcemulta praeclara1 de     
natura ,dei seripta reliquerunt1 writ   
many things well of the nature of ,god1 
but they had but a confused light1 a    
glimpse1 #fdcf,quale per incertam lunam 
sub luce maligna ,est iter in           
sylvis1------  as he that walks by      
moonshine in a wood1 they groped in the 
dark2 they had a gross knowledge1 as he 
in ,euripides1 ,o ,deus quicquid es1    
sive coelum1 sive terra1 sive aliud     
quid1 and that of ,aristotle1 ,ens      

entium miserere mei4 ,and so of the     
immortality of the soul1 and future     
happiness4 ,immortalitatem animae 7saith
 ,hierom7 ,pythagoras somniavit1        
,democritus non credidit in             
consolalionem damnationis suae ,socrates
 in carcere disputavit2 ,indus1 ,persa1 
,cothus1 c4 ,philosophantur4 ,so some   
said this1 some that1 as they conceived 
themselves1 which the devil perceiving1 
led them farther out 7as #fdcg,lemnius  
observes7 and made them worship him as  
their ,god with stocks and stones1 and  
torture themselves to their own         
destruction1 as he thought fit himself1 
inspired his priests and ministers with 
lies and fictions to prosecute the same1
 which they for their own ends were as  
willing to undergo1 taking advantage of 
their simplicity1 fear and ignorance4   
,for the common people are as a flock of
 sheep1 a rude1 illiterate rout1 void   
many times of common sense1 a mere      
beast1 bellua multorum capitum1 will go 
whithersoever they are led3 as you lead 

a ram over a gap by the horns1 all the  
rest will follow1 #fdch,non qua eundum1 
sed qua itur1 they will do as they see  
others do1 and as their prince will have
 them1 let him be of what religion he   
will1 they are for him4 ,now for those  
idolaters1 ,maxentius and ,licinius1    
then for ,constantine a ,christian4     
#fdci,qui ,christum negant male pereant1
 acclamatum est ,decies1 for two hours' 
space2 qui ,christum non colunt1        
,augusti inimici sunt1 acclamatum est   
ter decies2 and by and by idolaters     
again under that ,apostate ,julianus2   
all ,arians under ,constantius1 good    
,catholics again under ,jovinianus1 ,and
 little difference there is between the 
discretion of men and children in this  
case1 especially of old folks and women1
 as #fddj ,cardan discourseth1 when1 as 
they are tossed with fear and           
superstition1 and with other men's folly
 and dishonesty4 ,so that ,i may say    
their ignorance is a cause of their     
superstition1 a symptom1 and madness    

itself3 ,supplicii causa est1           
sappliciumque sui4 ,their own fear1     
folly1 stupidity1 to be deplored        
lethargy1 is that which gives occasion  
to the other1 and pulls these miseries  
on their own heads4 ,for in all these   
religions and superstitions1 amongst our
 idolaters1 you shall find that the     
parties first affected1 are silly1 rude1
 ignorant people1 old folks1 that are   
naturally prone to superstition1 weak   
women1 or some poor1 rude1 illiterate   
persons1 that are apt to be wrought     
upon1 and gulled in this kind1 prone    
without either examination or due       
consideration 7for they take up religion
 a trust1 as at mercers' they do their  
wares7 to believe anything4 ,and the    
best means they have to broach first1 or
 to maintain it when they have done1 is 
to keep them still in ignorance3 for    
ignorance is the mother of devotion1 as 
all the world knows1 and these times can
 amply witness4 ,this hath been the     
devil's practice1 and his infernal      

ministers in all ages2 not as our       
,saviour by a few silly fishermen1 to   
confound the wisdom of the world1 to    
save publicans and sinners1 but to make 
advantage of their ignorance1 to convert
 them and their associates2 and that    
they may better effect what they intend1
 they begin1 as ,i say1 with poor1      
#fddastupid1 illiterate persons4 ,so    
,mahomet did when he published his      
,alcoran1 which is a piece of work      
7saith #fddb;,bredenbachius7 full of    
nonsense1 barbarism1 confusion1 without 
rhyme1 reason1 or any good composition1 
first published to a company of rude    
rustics1 hog-rubbers1 that had no       
discretion1 judgment1 art1 or           
understanding1 and is so still          
maintained4 ,for it is a part of their  
policy to let no man comment1 dare to   
dispute or call in question to this day 
any part of it1 be it never so absurd1  
incredible1 ridiculous1 fabulous as it  
is1 must be believed implicite1 upon    
pain of death no man must dare to       

contradict it1 ,god and the emperor1 c4 
,what else do our papists1 but by       
keeping the people in ignorance vent and
 broach all their new ceremonies and    
traditions1 when they conceal the       
scripture1 read it in ,latin1 and to    
some few alone1 feeding the slavish     
people in the meantime with tales out of
 legends1 and such like fabulous        
narrations8 ,whom do they begin with but
 collapsed ladies1 some few tradesmen1  
superstitious old folks1 illiterate     
persons1 weak women1 discontent1 rude1  
silly companions1 or sooner circumvent8 
,so do all our schismatics and heretics4
 ,marcus and ,valentinian heretics1 in  
#fddc;,irenaeus1 seduced first ,i know  
not how many women1 and made them       
believe they were prophets4 #fddd;,friar
 ,cornelius of ,dort seduced a company  
of silly women4 ,what are all our       
,anabaptists1 ,brownists1 ,barrowists1  
familists1 but a company of rude1       
illiterate1 capricious1 base fellows8   
,what are most of our papists1 but      

stupid1 ignorant and blind bayards8 how 
should they otherwise be1 when as they  
are brought up and kept still in        
darkness8 #fdde;,if their pastors 7saith
 ,lavater7 have done their duties1 and  
instructed their flocks as they ought1  
in the principles of ,christian         
religion1 or had not forbidden them the 
reading of scriptures1 they had not been
 as they are4 ,but being so misled all  
their lives in superstition1 and carried
 hoodwinked like hawks1 how can they    
prove otherwise than blind idiots1 and  
superstitious asses8 what else shall we 
expect at their hands8 ,neither is it   
sufficient to keep them blind1 and in   
,cimmerian darkness1 but withal1 as a   
schoolmaster doth by his boys1 to make  
them follow their books1 sometimes by   
good hope1 promises and encouragements1 
but most of all by fear1 strict         
discipline1 severity1 threats and       
punishment1 do they collogue and soothe 
up their silly auditors1 and so bring   
them into a fools' paradise4 ,rex eris  

aiunt1 si recte facies1 do well1 thou   
shalt be crowned2 but for the most part 
by threats1 terrors1 and affrights1 they
 tyrannise and terrify their distressed 
souls3 knowing that fear alone is the   
sole and only means to keep men in      
obedience1 according to that            
hemistichium of ,petronius1 primus in   
orbe deos fecit timor1 the fear of some 
divine and supreme powers1 keeps men in 
obedience1 makes the people do their    
duties3 they play upon their            
consciences2 #fddfwhich was practised of
 old in ,egypt by their priests2 when   
there was an eclipse1 they made the     
people believe ,god was angry1 great    
miseries were to come2 they take all    
opportunities of natural causes1 to     
delude the people's senses1 and with    
fearful tales out of purgatory1 feigned 
apparitions1 earthquakes in ,japonia or 
,china1 tragical examples of devils1    
possessions1 obsessions1 false miracles1
 counterfeit visions1 c4 ,they do so    
insult over and restrain them1 never    

hoby so dared a lark1 that they will not
 #fddgoffend the least tradition1 tread1
 or scarce look awry3 ,deus bone        
7#fddh,lavater exclaims7 quot hoc       
commentum de purgatorio misere afflixit6
 good ,god1 how many men have been      
miserably afflicted by this fiction of  
purgatory6 ,to these advantages of hope 
and fear1 ignorance and simplicity1 he  
hath several engines1 traps1 devices1 to
 batter and enthral1 omitting no        
opportunities1 according to men's       
several inclinations1 abilities1 to     
circumvent and humour them1 to maintain 
his superstitions1 sometimes to stupefy1
 besot them3 sometimes again by         
oppositions1 factions1 to set all at    
odds and in an uproar2 sometimes he     
infects one man1 and makes him a        
principal agent2 sometimes whole cities1
 countries4 ,if of meaner sort1 by      
stupidity1 canonical obedience1 blind   
zeal1 c4 ,if of better note1 by pride1  
ambition1 popularity1 vainglory4 ,if of 
the clergy and more eminent1 of better  

parts than the rest1 more learned1      
eloquent1 he puffs them up with a vain  
conceit of their own worth1 scientia    
inflati1 they begin to swell1 and scorn 
all the world in respect of themselves1 
and thereupon turn heretics1            
schismatics1 broach new doctrines1 frame
 new crotchets and the like2 or else out
 of too much learning become mad1 or out
 of curiosity they will search into     
,god's secrets1 and eat of the forbidden
 fruit2 or out of presumption of their  
holiness and good gifts1 inspirations1  
become prophets1 enthusiasts1 and what  
not8 ,or else if they be displeased1    
discontent1 and have not 7as they       
suppose7 preferment to their worth1 have
 some disgrace1 repulse1 neglected1 or  
not esteemed as they fondly value       
themselves1 or out of emulation1 they   
begin presently to rage and rave1 coelum
 terrae1 miscent1 they become so        
impatient in an instant1 that a whole   
kingdom cannot contain them1 they will  
set all in a combustion1 all at         

variance1 to be revenged of their       
adversaries4 #fddi;,donatus1 when he saw
 ,cecilianus preferred before him in the
 bishopric of ,carthage1 turned heretic1
 and so did ,arian1 because ,alexander  
was advanced3 we have examples at home1 
and too many experiments of such        
persons4 ,if they be laymen of better   
note1 the same engines of pride1        
ambition1 emulation and jealousy1 take  
place1 they will be gods themselves3    
#fdej;,alexander in ,india1 after his   
victories1 became so insolent1 he would 
be adored for a god3 and those ,roman   
emperors came to that height of madness1
 they must have temples built to them1  
sacrifices to their deities1 ,divus     
,augustus1 ,d4 ,claudius1 ,d4 ,adrianus3
 #fdea;,heliogabalus1 put out that      
vestal fire at ,rome1 expelled the      
virgins1 and banished all other         
religions all over the world1 and would 
be the sole ,god himself4 ,our ,turks1  
,china kings1 great ,chams1 and ,mogors 
do little less1 assuming divine and     

bombast titles to themselves2 the meaner
 sort are too credulous1 and led with   
blind zeal1 blind obedience1 to         
prosecute and maintain whatsoever their 
sottish leaders shall propose1 what they
 in pride and singularity1 revenge1     
vainglory1 ambition1 spleen1 for gain1  
shall rashly maintain and broach1 their 
disciples make a matter of conscience1  
of hell and damnation1 if they do it    
not1 and will rather forsake wives1     
children1 house and home1 lands1 goods1 
fortunes1 life itself1 than omit or     
abjure the least tittle of it1 and to   
advance the common cause1 undergo any   
miseries1 turn traitors1 assassins1     
pseudomartyrs1 with full assurance and  
hope of reward in that other world1 that
 they shall certainly merit by it1 win  
heaven1 be canonised for saints4 ,now   
when they are truly possessed with blind
 zeal1 and misled with superstition1 he 
hath many other baits to inveigle and   
infatuate them farther yet1 to make them
 quite mortified and mad1 and that under

 colour of perfection1 to merit by      
penance1 going woolward1 whipping1 alms1
 fastings1 c4 ,an4 #acbj4 there was a   
sect of #fdebwhippers in ,germany1 that1
 to the astonishment of the beholders1  
lashed1 and cruelly tortured themselves4
 ,i could give many other instances of  
each particular4 ,but these works so    
done are meritorious1 ex opere operato1 
ex condigno1 for themselves and others1 
to make them macerate and consume their 
bodies1 specie virtutis et umbra1 those 
evangelical counsels are propounded1 as 
our pseudo-,catholics call them1        
canonical obedience1 wilful poverty1    
#fdecvows of chastity1 monkery1 and a   
solitary life1 which extend almost to   
all religions and superstitions1 to     
,turks1 ,chinese1 ,gentiles1            
,abyssinians1 ,greeks1 ,latins1 and all 
countries4 ,amongst the rest1 fasting1  
contemplation1 solitariness1 are as it  
were certain rams by which the devil    
doth batter and work upon the strongest 
constitutions4 ,nonnulli 7saith ,peter  

,forestus7 ob longas inedias1 studia et 
meditationes coelestes1 de rebus sacris 
et religione semper agitant1 by fasting 
overmuch1 and divine meditations1 are   
overcome4 ,not that fasting is a thing  
of itself to be discommended1 for it is 
an excellent means to keep the body in  
subjection1 a preparative to devotion1  
the physic of the soul1 by which chaste 
thoughts are engendered1 true zeal1 a   
divine spirit1 whence wholesome counsels
 do proceed1 concupiscence is           
restrained1 vicious and predominant     
lusts and humours are expelled4 ,the    
fathers are very much in commendation of
 it1 and1 as ,calvin notes1 sometimes   
immoderate4 #fded,the mother of health1 
key of heaven1 a spiritual wing to arear
 us1 the chariot of the ,holy ,ghost1   
banner of faith1 c4 ,and 'tis true they 
say of it1 if it be moderately and      
seasonably used1 by such parties as     
,moses1 ,elias1 ,daniel1 ,christ1 and   
his #fdee;apostles made use of it2 but  
when by this means they will            

supererogate1 and as #fdef;,erasmus well
 taxeth1 ,coelum non sufficere putant   
suis meritis4 ,heaven is too small a    
reward for it2 they make choice of times
 and meats1 buy and sell their merits1  
attribute more to them than to the ten  
,commandments1 and count it a greater   
sin to eat meat in ,lent1 than to kill a
 man1 and as one sayeth1 ,plus          
respiciunt assum piscem1 quam ,christum 
crucifixum1 plus salmonem quam          
,solomonem1 quibus in ore ,christus1    
,epicurus in corde1 pay more respect to 
a broiled fish than to ,christ          
crucified1 more regard to salmon than to
 ,solomon1 have ,christ on their lips1  
but ,epicurus in their hearts1 when some
 counterfeit1 and some attribute more to
 such works of theirs than to ,christ's 
death and passion2 the devil sets in a  
foot1 strangely deludes them1 and by    
that means makes them to overthrow the  
temperature of their bodies1 and hazard 
their souls4 ,never any strange         
illusions of devils amongst hermits1    

anchorites1 never any visions1          
phantasms1 apparitions1 enthusiasms1    
prophets1 any revelations1 but          
immoderate fasting1 bad diet1 sickness1 
melancholy1 solitariness1 or some such  
things1 were the precedent causes1 the  
forerunners or concomitants of them4    
,the best opportunity and sole occasion 
the devil takes to delude them4         
,marcilius ,cognatus1 lib4 #a4 cont4    
cap4 #g4 hath many stories to this      
purpose1 of such as after long fasting  
have been seduced by devils2 and        
#fdeg'tis a miraculous thing to relate  
7as ,cardan writes7 what strange        
accidents proceed from fasting2 dreams1 
superstition1 contempt of torments1     
desire of death1 prophecies1 paradoxes1 
madness2 fasting naturally prepares men 
to these things4 ,monks1 anchorites1 and
 the like1 after much emptiness1 become 
melancholy1 vertiginous1 they think they
 hear strange noises1 confer with       
hobgoblins1 devils1 rivel up their      
bodies1 et dum hostem insequimur1 saith 

,gregory1 civem quem diligimus1         
trucidamus1 they become bare skeletons1 
skin and bones2 ,carnibus abstinentes   
proprias carnes devorant1 ut nil praeter
 cutem et ossa sit reliquum4 ,hilarion1 
as #fdeh;,hierome reports in his life1  
and ,athanasius of ,antonius1 was so    
bare with fasting1 that the skin did    
scarce stick to the bones2 for want of  
vapours he could not sleep1 and for want
 of sleep became idleheaded1 heard every
 night infants cry1 oxen low1 wolves    
howl1 lions roar 7as he thought71       
clattering of chains1 strange voices1   
and the like illusions of devils4 ,such 
symptoms are common to those that fast  
long1 are solitary1 given to            
contemplation1 overmuch solitariness and
 meditation4 ,not that these things 7as 
,i said of fasting7 are to be           
discommended of themselves1 but very    
behoveful in some cases and good3       
sobriety and contemplation join our     
souls to ,god1 as that heathen          
#fdei,porphyry can tell us4             

#fdfj;,ecstasy is a taste of future     
happiness1 by which we are united unto  
,god1 a divine melancholy1 a spiritual  
wing1 ,bonaventure terms it1 to lift us 
up to heaven2 but as it is abused1 a    
mere dotage1 madness1 a cause and       
symptom of religious melancholy4        
#fdfa;,if you shall at any time see     
7saith ,guianerius7 a religious person  
over-superstitious1 too solitary1 or    
much given to fasting1 that man will    
certainly be melancholy1 thou mayst     
boldly say it1 he will be so4 ,p4       
,forestus hath almost the same words1   
and #fdfb;,cardan subtil1 lib4 #ah4 et  
cap4 #dj4 lib4 #h4 de rerum varietate1  
solitariness1 fasting1 and that         
melancholy humour1 are the causes of all
 hermits' illusions4 ,lavater1 de spect4
 cap4 #ai4 part4 #a4 and part4 #a4 cap4 
#aj4 puts solitariness a main cause of  
such spectrums and apparitions2 none1   
saith he1 so melancholy as monks and    
hermits1 the devil's hath melancholy2   
#fdfcnone so subject to visions and     

dotage in this kind1 as such as live    
solitary lives1 they hear and act       
strange things in their dotage4         
#fdfd,polydore ,virgil1 lib4 #b4        
prodigiis1 holds that those prophecies  
and monks' revelations8 nuns1 dreams1   
which they suppose come from ,god1 to   
proceed wholly ab instinctu daemonum1 by
 the devil's means2 and so those        
enthusiasts1 ,anabaptists1              
pseudoprophets from the same cause4     
#fdfe;,fracastorius1 lib4 #b4 de        
intellect1 will have all your           
pythonesses1 sibyls1 and pseudoprophets 
to be mere melancholy1 so doth ,wierus  
prove1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #h4 et l4 #c4 cap4 
#g4 and ,arculanus in #i ,rhasis1 that  
melancholy is a sole cause1 and the     
devil together1 with fasting and        
solitariness1 of such sibylline         
prophecies1 if there were ever such1    
which with #fdff;,casaubon and others ,i
 justly except at2 for it is not likely 
that the ,spirit of ,god should ever    
reveal such manifest revelations and    

predictions of ,christ1 to those        
,pythonissae witches1 ,apollo's priests1
 the devil's ministers1 7they were no   
better7 and conceal them from his own   
prophets2 for these sibyls set down all 
particular circumstances of ,christ's   
coming1 and many other future accidents 
far more perspicuous and plain than ever
 any prophet did4 ,but1 howsoever1 there
 be no ,phaebades or sibyls1 ,i am      
assured there be other enthusiasts1     
prophets1 dii ,fatidici1 ,magi1 7of     
which read ,jo4 ,boissardus1 who hath   
laboriously collected them into a great 
#fdfgvolume of late1 with elegant       
pictures1 and epitomised their lives7   
c41 ever have been in all ages1 and     
still proceeding from those causes1     
#fdfhqui visiones suas enarrant1        
somniant futura1 prophetisant1 et       
ejusmodi deliriis agitati1 ,spiritum    
,sanctum sibi communicari putant4 ,that 
which is written of ,saint ,francis'    
five wounds1 and other such monastical  
effects1 of him and others1 may justly  

be referred to this our melancholy2 and 
that which ,matthew ,paris relates of   
the #fdfimonk of ,evesham1 who saw      
heaven and hell in a vision2 of         
#fdgj,sir ,owen1 that went down into    
,saint ,patrick's purgatory in ,king    
,stephen's days1 and saw as much2       
,walsingham of him that showed as much  
by ,saint ,julian4 ,beda1 lib4 #e4 cap4 
#ac4 #ad4 #ae4 et #bj4 reports of ,king 
,sebba1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #aa4 eccles4 hist4
 that saw strange #fdgavisions2 and     
,stumphius ,helvet ,cornic1 a cobbler of
 ,basle1 that beheld rare apparitions at
 ,augsburg1 #fdgb;in ,germany4          
,alexander ab ,alexandro1 gen4 dier4    
lib4 #f4 cap4 #ba4 of an enthusiastical 
prisoner1 7all out as probable as that  
of ,eris ,armenius1 in ,plato's tenth   
dialogue de ,repub4 that revived again  
ten days after he was killed in a       
battle1 and told strange wonders1 like  
those tales ,ulysses related to         
,alcinous in ,homer1 or ,lucian's vera  
historia itself7 was still after much   

solitariness1 fasting1 or long sickness1
 when their brains were addled1 and     
their bellies as empty of meat as their 
heads of wit4 ,florilegus hath many such
 examples1 fol4 #aia4 one of ,saint     
,gultlake of ,crowald that fought with  
devils1 but still after long fasting1   
overmuch solitariness1 #fdgcthe devil   
persuaded him therefore to fast1 as     
,moses and ,elias did1 the better to    
delude him4 #fdgd;,in the same author is
 recorded ,carolus ,magnus vision an4   
#ahe4 or ecstasies1 wherein he saw      
heaven and hell after much fasting and  
meditation4 ,so did the devil of old    
with ,apollo's priests4 ,amphiaraus and 
his fellows1 those ,egyptians1 still    
enjoin long fasting before he would give
 any oracles1 triduum a cibo et vino    
abstinerent1 #fdge;before they gave any 
answers1 as ,volateran lib4 #ac4 cap4   
#d4 records1 and ,strabo ,geog4 lib4    
#ad4 describes ,charon's den1 in the way
 between ,tralles and ,nissum1 whither  
the priests led sick and fanatic men3   

but nothing performed without long      
fasting1 no good to be done4 ,that      
scoffing #fdgf,lucian conducts his      
,menippus to hell by the directions of  
that ,chaldean ,mithrobarzanes1 but     
after long fasting1 and such like idle  
preparation4 ,which the ,jesuits right  
well perceiving of what force this      
fasting and solitary meditation is1 to  
alter men's minds1 when they would make 
a man mad1 ravish him1 improve him      
beyond himself1 to undertake some great 
business of moment1 to kill a king1 or  
the like1 #fdggthey bring him into a    
melancholy dark chamber1 where he shall 
see no light for many days together1 no 
company1 little meat1 ghastly pictures  
of devils all about him1 and leave him  
to lie as he will himself1 on the bare  
floor in this chamber of meditation1 as 
they call it1 on his back1 side1 belly1 
till by this strange usage they make him
 quite mad and beside himself4 ,and then
 after some ten days1 as they find him  
animated and resolved1 they make use of 

him4 ,the devil hath many such factors1 
many such engines1 which what effect    
they produce1 you shall hear in the     
following symptoms4  ,,subsect4         
,,iii4--,symptoms general1 love to their
 own sect1 hate of all other religions1 
obstinacy1 peevishness1 ready to undergo
 any danger or cross for it2 ,martyrs1  
blind zeal1 blind obedience1 fastings1  
vows1 belief of incredibilities1        
impossibilities3 ,particular of         
,gentiles1 ,mahometans1 ,jews1          
,christians2 and in them1 heretics old1 
and new1 schismatics1 schoolmen1        
prophets1 enthusiasts1 c4  ,fleat       
,heraclitus1 an rideat ,democritus8 in  
attempting to speak of these symptoms1  
shall ,i laugh with ,democritus1 or weep
 with ,heraclitus8 they are so          
ridiculous and absurd on the one side1  
so lamentable and tragical on the other3
 a mixed scene offers itself1 so full of
 errors and a promiscuous variety of    
objects1 that ,i know not in what strain
 to represent it4 ,when ,i think of the 

,turkish paradise1 those ,jewish fables1
 and pontifical rites1 those pagan      
superstitions1 their sacrifices1 and    
ceremonies1 as to make images of all    
matter1 and adore them when they have   
done1 to see them1 kiss the pyx1 creep  
to the cross1 c4 ,i cannot choose but   
laugh with ,democritus3 but when ,i see 
them whip and torture themselves1 grind 
their souls for toys and trifles1       
desperate1 and now ready to die1 ,i     
cannot but weep with ,heraclitus4 ,when 
,i see a priest say mass1 with all those
 apish gestures1 murmurings1 c4 read the
 customs of the ,jews' synagogue1 or    
,mahometa ,meschites1 ,i must needs     
#fdghlaugh at their folly1 risum        
teneatis amici8 but when ,i see them    
make matters of conscience of such toys 
and trifles1 to adore the devil1 to     
endanger their souls1 to offer their    
children to their idols1 c4 ,i must     
needs condole their misery4 ,when ,i see
 two superstitious orders contend pro   
aris et focis1 with such have and hold1 

de lana1 caprina1 some write such great 
volumes to no purpose1 take so much     
pains to so small effect1 their satires1
 invectives1 apologies1 dull and gross  
fictions2 when ,i see grave learned men 
rail and scold like butter-women1       
methinks 'tis pretty sport1 and fit     
#fdgi;for ,calphurnius and ,democritus  
to laugh at4 ,but when ,i see so much   
blood spilt1 so many murders and        
massacres1 so many cruel battles fought1
 c4 'tis a fitter subject for           
,heraclitus to lament4 #fdhj;,as ,merlin
 when he sat by the lake side with      
,vortigern1 and had seen the white and  
red dragon fight1 before he began to    
interpret or to speak1 in fletum        
prorupit1 fell a weeping1 and then      
proceeded to declare to the king what it
 meant4 ,i should first pity and bewail 
this misery of human kind with some     
passionate preface1 wishing mine eyes a 
fountain of tears1 as ,jeremiah did1 and
 then to my task4 ,for it is that great 
torture1 that infernal plague of mortal 

men1 omnium pestium pestilentissima     
superstitio1 and able of itself alone to
 stand in opposition to all other       
plagues1 miseries and calamities        
whatsoever2 far more cruel1 more        
pestiferous1 more grievous1 more        
general1 more violent1 of a greater     
extent4 ,other fears and sorrows1       
grievances of body and mind1 are        
troublesome for the time2 but this is   
for ever1 eternal damnation1 hell       
itself1 a plague1 a fire3 an inundation 
hurts one province alone1 and the loss  
may be recovered2 but this superstition 
involves all the world almost1 and can  
never be remedied4 ,sickness and sorrows
 come and go1 but a superstitious soul  
hath no rest2 #fdhasuperstitione imbutus
 animus nunquam quietus esse potest1 no 
peace1 no quietness4 ,true religion and 
superstition are quite opposite1 longe  
diversa carnificina et pietas1 as       
,lactantius describes1 the one erects1  
the other dejects2 illorum pietas1 mera 
impietus2 the one is an easy yoke1 the  

other an intolerable burden1 an absolute
 tyranny2 the one a sure anchor1 a      
haven2 the other a tempestuous ocean2   
the one makes1 the other mars2 the one  
is wisdom1 the other is folly1 madness1 
indiscretion2 the one unfeigned1 the    
other a counterfeit2 the one a diligent 
observer1 the other an ape2 one leads to
 heaven1 the other to hell4 ,but these  
differences will more evidently appear  
by their particular symptoms4 ,what     
religion is1 and of what parts it doth  
consist1 every catechism will tell you1 
what symptoms it hath1 and what effects 
it produceth3 but for their             
superstitions1 no tongue can tell them1 
no pen express1 they are so many1 so    
diverse1 so uncertain1 so inconstant1   
and so different from themselves4 ,tot  
mundi superstitiones quot coelo stellae1
 one saith1 there be as many            
superstitions in the world1 as there be 
stars in heaven1 or devils themselves   
that are the first founders of them3    
with such ridiculous1 absurd symptoms   

and signs1 so many several rites1       
ceremonies1 torments and vexations      
accompanying1 as may well express and   
beseem the devil to be the author and   
maintainer of them4 ,i will only point  
at some of them1 ex ungue leonem guess  
at the rest1 and those of the chief     
kinds of superstition1 which beside us  
,christians now domineer and crucify the
 world1 ,gentiles1 ,mahometans1 ,jews1  
c4 ,of these symptoms some be general1  
some particular to each private sect3   
general to all1 are1 an extraordinary   
love and affection they bear and show to
 such as are of their own sect1 and more
 than ,vatinian hate to such as are     
opposite in religion1 as they call it1  
or disagree from them in their          
superstitious rites1 blind zeal1 7which 
is as much a symptom as a cause17 vain  
fears1 blind obedience1 needless works1 
incredibilities1 impossibilities1       
monstrous rites and ceremonies1         
wilfulness1 blindness1 obstinacy1 c4    
,for the first1 which is love and hate1 

as #fdhb,montanus saith1 nulla firmior  
amicitia quam quae contrahitur hinc2    
nulla discordia major1 quam quae a      
religione fit2 no greater concord1 no   
greater discord than that which proceeds
 from religion1 it is incredible to     
relate1 did not our daily experience    
evince it1 what factions1 quam          
teterrimae factiones1 7as #fdhc,rich4   
,dinoth writes7 have been of late for   
matters of religion in ,france1 and what
 hurlyburlies all over ,europe for these
 many years4 ,nihil est quod tam        
impotentur rapiat homines1 quam suscepta
 de salute opinio2 siquidem pro ea omnes
 gentes corpora et animas devovere      
solent1 et arctissimo necessitudinis    
vinculo se invicem colligare4 ,we are   
all brethren in ,christ1 servants of one
 ,lord1 members of one body1 and        
therefore are or should be at least     
dearly beloved1 inseparably allied in   
the greatest bond of love and           
familiarity1 united partakers not only  
of the same cross1 but coadjutors1      

comforters1 helpers1 at all times1 upon 
all occasions3 as they did in the       
primitive church1 ,acts the #e4 they    
sold their patrimonies1 and laid them at
 the apostles' feet1 and many such      
memorable examples of mutual love we    
have had under the ten general          
persecutions1 many since4 ,examples on  
the other side of discord none like1 as 
our ,saviour saith1 he came therefore   
into the world to set father against    
son1 c4 ,in imitation of whom the devil 
belike 7#fdhdnam superstitio irrepsit   
verae religionis imitatrix1 superstition
 is still religion's ape1 as in all     
other things1 so in this7 doth so       
combine and glue together his           
superstitious followers in love and     
affection1 that they will live and die  
together3 and what an innate hatred hath
 he still inspired to any other         
superstition opposite8 ,how those old   
,romans were affected1 those ten        
persecutions may be a witness1 and that 
cruel executioner in ,eusebius1 aut lita

 aut morere1 sacrifice or die4 ,no      
greater hate1 more continuate1 bitter   
faction1 wars1 persecution in all ages1 
than for matters of religion1 no such   
feral opposition1 father against son1   
mother against daughter1 husband against
 wife1 city against city1 kingdom       
against kingdom3 as of old at ,tentira  
and ,combos3 #fdhe;,immortale odium1 et 
nunquam sanabile vulnus1 ,inde furor    
vulgo1 quod numina vicinorum ,odit      
uterque locus1 quum solos credit        
habendos ,esse deos quos ipse           
colat4------  ,immortal hate it breeds1 
a wound past cure1 ,and fury to the     
commons still to endure3 ,because one   
city t' other's gods as vain ,deride1   
and his alone as good maintain4  ,the   
,turks at this day count no better of us
 than of dogs1 so they commonly call us 
giaours1 infidels1 miscreants1 make that
 their main quarrel and cause of        
,christian persecution4 ,if he will turn
 ,turk1 he shall be entertained as a    
brother1 and had in good esteem1 a      

,mussulman or a believer1 which is a    
greater tie to them than any affinity or
 consanguinity4 ,the ,jews stick        
together like so many burrs2 but as for 
the rest1 whom they call ,gentiles1 they
 do hate and abhor1 they cannot endure  
their ,messiah should be a common       
saviour to us all1 and rather1 as       
#fdhf,luther writes1 than they that now 
scoff at them1 curse them1 persecute and
 revile them1 shall be coheirs and      
brethren with them1 or have any part or 
fellowship with their ,messiah1 they    
would crucify their ,messiah ten times  
over1 and ,god himself1 his angels1 and 
all his creatures1 if it were possible1 
though they endure a thousand hells for 
it4 ,such is their malice towards us4   
,now for ,papists1 what in a common     
cause1 for the advancement of their     
religion they will endure1 our traitors 
and pseudo-,catholics will declare unto 
us2 and how bitter on the other side to 
their adversaries1 how violently bent1  
let those ,marian times record1 as those

 miserable slaughters at ,merindol and  
,cabriers1 the ,spanish inquisition1 the
 ,duke of ,alva's tyranny in the ,low   
,countries1 the ,french massacres and   
civil wars4 #fdhg,tantum religio potuit 
suadere malorum4 ,such wickedness did   
religion persuade4 ,not there only1 but 
all over ,europe1 we read of bloody     
battles1 racks and wheels1 seditions1   
factions1 oppositions4 #fdhh------obvia 
signis ,signa1 pares aquilas1 et pila   
minantia pilis1  ,invectives and        
contentions4 ,they had rather shake     
hands with a ,jew1 ,turk1 or1 as the    
,spaniards do1 suffer ,moors to live    
amongst them1 and ,jews1 than           
,protestants2 my name 7saith            
#fdhi,luther7 is more odious to them    
than any thief or murderer4 ,so it is   
with all heretics and schismatics       
whatsoever3 and none so passionate1     
violent in their tenets1 opinions1      
obstinate1 wilful1 refractory1 peevish1 
factious1 singular and stiff in defence 
of them2 they do not only persecute and 

hate1 but pity all other religions1     
account them damned1 blind1 as if they  
alone were the true church1 they are the
 true heirs1 have the fee-simple of     
heaven by a peculiar donation1 'tis     
entailed on them and their posterities1 
their doctrine sound1 per funem aureum  
de coelo delapsa doctrinci1 let down    
from1 heaven by a golden rope1 they     
alone are to be saved1 ,the ,jews at    
this day are so incomprehensibly proud  
and churlish1 saith #fdij,luther1 that  
soli salvari1 soli domini terrarum      
salutari volunt4 ,and as                
#fdia;,buxtorfius adds1 so ignorant and 
self-willed withal1 that amongst their  
most understanding ,rabbins you shall   
find nought but gross dotage1 horrible  
hardness of heart1 and stupendous       
obstinacy1 in all their actions1        
opinions1 conversations3 and yet so     
zealous with all1 that no man living can
 be more1 and vindicate themselves for  
the elect people of ,,god4 ',tis so with
 all other superstitious sects1         

,mahometans1 ,gentiles in ,china1 and   
,tartary3 our ignorant ,papists1        
,anabaptists1 ,separatists1 and peculiar
 churches of ,amsterdam1 they alone1 and
 none but they can be saved4            
#fdib,zealous 7as ,paul saith1 ,rom4 x4 
#b47 without knowledge1 they will endure
 any misery1 any trouble1 suffer and do 
that which the sunbeams will not endure 
to see1 ,religionis acti ,furiis1 all   
extremities1 losses and dangers1 take   
any pains1 fast1 pray1 vow chastity1    
wilful poverty1 forsake all and follow  
their idols1 die a thousand deaths as   
some ,jews did to ,pilate's soldiers1 in
 like case1 exertos praebentes jugulos1 
et manifeste prae se ferentes1 7as      
,josephus hath it7 cariorem esse rita   
sibi legis patriae observationem1 rather
 than abjure1 or deny the least particle
 of that religion which their fathers   
profess1 and they themselves have been  
brought up in1 be it never so absurd1   
ridiculous1 they will embrace it1 and   
without farther inquiry or examination  

of the truth1 though it be prodigiously 
false1 they will believe it2 they will  
take much more pains to go to hell1 than
 we shall do to heaven4 ,single out the 
most ignorant of them1 convince his     
understanding1 show him his errors1     
grossness1 and absurdities of his sect4 
,non persuadebis etiamsi persuaseris1 he
 will not be persuaded4 ,as those pagans
 told the ,jesuits in ,japona1 #fdicthey
 would do as their forefathers have     
done3 and with ,ratholde the ,frisian   
,prince1 go to hell for company1 if most
 of their friends went thither3 they    
will not be moved1 no persuasion1 no    
torture can stir them4 ,so that papists 
cannot brag of their vows1 poverty1     
obedience1 orders1 merits1 martyrdoms1  
fastings1 alms1 good works1 pilgrimages3
 much and more than all this1 ,i shall  
show you1 is1 and hath been done by     
these superstitious ,gentiles1 ,pagans1 
,idolaters and ,jews3 their blind zeal  
and idolatrous superstition in all kinds
 is much at one2 little or no           

difference1 and it is hard to say which 
is the greatest1 which is the grossest4 
,for if a man shall duly consider those 
superstitious rites amongst the ,ethnics
 in ,japan1 the ,bannians in ,gusart1   
the ,chinese idolaters1 #fdid;,americans
 of old1 in ,mexico especially1         
,mahometan priests1 he shall find the   
same government almost1 the same orders 
and ceremonies1 or so like1 that they   
may seem all apparently to be derived   
from some heathen spirit1 and the ,roman
 hierarchy no better than the rest4 ,in 
a word1 this is common to all           
superstition1 there is nothing so mad   
and absurd1 so ridiculous1 impossible1  
incredible1 which they will not believe1
 observe1 and diligently perform1 as    
much as in them lies2 nothing so        
monstrous to conceive1 or intolerable to
 put in practice1 so cruel to suffer1   
which they will not willingly undertake4
 ,so powerful a thing is superstition4  
#fdie,o ,egypt 7as ,trismegistus        
exclaims7 thy religion is fables1 and   

such as posterity will not believe4 ,i  
know that in true religion itself1 many 
mysteries are so apprehended alone by   
faith1 as that of the ,trinity1 which   
,turks especially deride1 ,christ's     
incarnation1 resurrection of the body at
 the last day1 quod ideo credendum      
7saith ,tertullian7 quod incredible1 c4 
many miracles not to be controverted or 
disputed of4 ,mirari non rimari         
sapientia vera est1 saith               
#fdif;,gerhardus2 et in divinis 7as a   
good father informs us7 quaedam         
credenda1 quaedam admiranda1 c4 some    
things are to be believed1 embraced1    
followed with all submission and        
obedience1 some again admired4 ,though  
,julian the apostate scoff at           
,christians in this point1 quod         
captivemus intellectum in obsequium     
fidei1 saying1 that the ,christian creed
 is like the ,pythagorean ,ipse dixit1  
we make our will and understanding too  
slavishly subject to our faith1 without 
farther examination of the truth2 yet as

 ,saint ,gregory truly answers1 our     
creed is altioris praestantiae1 and much
 more divine2 and as ,thomas will1 pie  
consideranti semper suppetunt rationes1 
ostendentes credibilitatem in mysteriis 
supernaturalibus1 we do absolutely      
believe it1 and upon good reasons1 for  
as ,gregory well informeth us2 ,fides   
non habet meritum1 ubi humana ratio     
quaerit experimentum2 that faith hath no
 merit1 is not worth the name of faith1 
that will not apprehend without a       
certain demonstration3 we must and will 
believe ,god's word2 and if we be       
mistaken or err in our general belief1  
as #fdig,richardus de ,sancto ,victore1 
vows he will say to ,christ himself at  
the day of judgment2 ,lord1 if we be    
deceived1 thou alone hast deceived us3  
thus we plead4 ,but for the rest ,i will
 not justify that pontificial           
consubstantiation1 that which           
#fdih,mahometans and ,jews justly except
 at1 as ,campanella confesseth1         
,atheismi triumphat4 cap4 #ab4 fol4     

#abe1 difficillimum dogma esse1 nec     
aliud subjectum magis haereticorum      
blasphemiis1 et stultis irrisionibus    
politicorum reperiri4 ,they hold it     
impossible1 ,deum in pane manducari2 and
 besides they scoff at it1 vide gentem  
comedentem ,deum suum1 inquit quidam    
,maurus4 #fdii;,hunc ,deum muscae et    
vermes irrident1 quum ipsum polluunt et 
devorant1 subditus est igni1 aquae1 et  
latrones furantur1 pixidem auream humi  
prosternunt1 et se tamen non defendit   
hic ,deus4 ,qui fieri potest1 ut sit    
integer in singulis hostiae particulis1 
idem corpus numero1 tam multis locis1   
caelo1 terra1 c4 ,but he that shall read
 the #fejj,turks' ,alcoran1 the ,jews'  
,talmud1 and papists' golden legend1 in 
the mean time will swear that such gross
 fictions1 fables1 vain traditions1     
prodigious paradoxes and ceremonies1    
could never proceed from any other      
spirit1 than that of the devil himself1 
which is the author of confusion and    
lies2 and wonder withal how such wise   

men as have been of the ,jews1 such     
learned understanding men as ,averroes1 
,avicenna1 or those heathen             
philosophers1 could ever be persuaded to
 believe1 or to subscribe to the least  
part of them3 aut fraudem non detegere3 
but that as #feja,vanninus answers1 ob  
publicae1 potestatis formidinem         
allatrare philosophi non audebant1 they 
durst not speak for fear of the law4    
,but ,i will descend to particulars3    
read their several symptoms and then    
guess4 ,of such symptoms as properly    
belong to superstition1 or that         
irreligious religion1 ,i may say as of  
the rest1 some are ridiculous1 some     
again feral to relate4 ,of those        
ridiculous1 there can be no better      
testimony than the multitude of their   
gods1 those absurd names1 actions1      
offices they put upon them1 their       
feasts1 holy days1 sacrifices1          
adorations1 and the like4 ,the          
,egyptians that pretended so great      
antiquity1 #cjj kings before ,amasis3   

and as ,mela writes1 #ac1jjj years from 
the beginning of their chronicles1 that 
bragged so much of their knowledge of   
old1 for they invented arithmetic1      
astronomy1 geometry3 of their wealth and
 power1 that vaunted of #bj1jjj cities3 
yet at the same time their idolatry and 
superstition was most gross3 they       
worshipped1 as ,diodorus ,siculus       
records1 sun and moon under the name of 
,isis and ,osiris1 and after1 such men  
as were beneficial to them1 or any      
creature that did them good4 ,in the    
city of ,bubasti they adored a cat1     
saith ,herodotus4 ,ibis and storks1 an  
ox3 7saith ,pliny7 #fejbleeks and       
onions1 ,macrobius1 #fejc,porrum et     
caepe deos imponere nubibus ausi1 ,hos  
tu ,nile deos colis4------  ,scoffing   
#fejd,lucian in his vera ,historia3     
which1 as he confesseth himself1 was not
 persuasively written as a truth1 but in
 comical fashion to glance at the       
monstrous fictions and gross absurdities
 of writers and nations1 to deride      

without doubt this prodigious ,egyptian 
idolatry1 feigns this story of himself3 
that when he had seen the ,elysian      
fields1 and was now coming away1        
,rhadamanthus gave him a mallow root1   
and bade him pray to that when he was in
 any peril or extremity2 which he did   
accordingly2 for when he came to        
,hydamordia in the island of treacherous
 women1 he made his prayers to his root1
 and was instantly delivered4 ,the      
,syrians1 ,chaldeans1 had as many proper
 gods of their own invention2 see the   
said ,lucian de dea ,syria4 ,morney cap4
 #bb4 de veritat4 relig4 ,guliel4       
,stuckius #feje,sacrorum                
,sacrificiorumque ,gentil4 descript4    
,peter ,faber ,semester1 l4 #c4 c4 #a1  
#b1 #c4 ,selden de diis ,syris1         
,purchas' pilgrimage1 #fejf ,rosinus of 
the ,romans1 and ,lilius ,giraldus of   
the ,greeks4 ,the ,romans borrowed from 
all1 besides their own gods1 which were 
majorum and minorum gentium1 as ,varro  
holds1 certain and uncertain2 some      

celestial1 select1 and great ones1      
others indigenous and ,semi-dei1 ,lares1
 ,lemures1 ,dioscuri1 ,soteres1 and     
,parastatae1 dii tutelares amongst the  
,greeks3 gods of all sorts1 for all     
functions2 some for the land1 some for  
sea2 some for heaven1 some for hell2    
some for passions1 diseases1 some for   
birth1 some for weddings1 husbandry1    
woods1 waters1 gardens1 orchards1 c4    
,all actions and offices1 ,pax-,quies1  
,salus1 ,libertas1 ,felicitas1 ,strenua1
 ,stimula1 ,horta1 ,pan1 ,sylvanus1     
,priapus1 ,flora1 ,cloacina1            
,stercutius1 ,febris1 ,pallor1 ,invidia1
 ,protervia1 ,risus1 ,angerona1         
,volupia1 ,vacuna1 ,viriplaca1          
,veneranda1 ,pales1 ,neptunia1 ,doris1  
kings1 emperors1 valiant men that had   
done any good offices for them1 they did
 likewise canonise and adore for gods1  
and it was usually done1 usitatum apud  
antiquos1 as #fejg;,jac4 ,boissardus    
well observes1 deificare homines qui    
beneficiis mortales juvarent1 and the   

devil was still ready to second their   
intents1 statim se ingessit illorum     
sepulchris1 statuis1 templis1 aris1 c4  
he crept into their temples1 statues1   
tombs1 altars1 and was ready to give    
oracles1 cure diseases1 do miracles1 c4 
as by ,jupiter1 ,aesculapius1 ,tiresias1
 ,apollo1 ,mopsus1 ,amphiaraus1 c4 dii  
et ,semi-dii4 ,for so they were         
,semi-dii1 demigods1 some medii inter   
,deos et homines1 as ,max4 #fejh,tyrius1
 the ,platonist1 ser4 #bf4 et #bg1      
maintains and justifies in many words4  
,when a good man dies1 his body is      
buried1 but his soul1 ex homine daemon  
evadit1 becomes forthwith a demigod1    
nothing disparaged with malignity of    
air1 or variety of forms1 rejoiceth1    
exults and sees that perfect beauty with
 his eyes4 ,now being deified1 in       
commiseration he helps his poor friends 
here on earth1 his kindred and allies1  
informs1 succours1 c4 punisheth those   
that are bad and do amiss1 as a good    
genius to protect and govern mortal men 

appointed by the gods1 so they will have
 it1 ordaining some for provinces1 some 
for private men1 some for one office1   
some for another4 ,hector and ,achilles 
assist soldiers to this day2            
,aesculapius all sick men1 the ,dioscuri
 seafaring men1 c4 and sometimes upon   
occasion they show themselves4 ,the     
,dioscuri1 ,hercules and ,aesculapius1  
he saw himself 7or the devil in his     
likeness7 non somnians sed vigilans ipse
 vidi3 ,so far ,tyrius4 ,and not good   
men only do they thus adore1 but        
tyrants1 monsters1 devils1 7as #feji    
,stuckius inveighs7 ,neros1 ,domitians1 
,heliogables1 beastly women1 and arrant 
whores amongst the rest4 ,for all       
intents1 places1 creatures1 they assign 
gods2 ,et domibus1 tectis1 thermis1 et  
equis soleatis ,assignare solent        
genios------  saith ,prudentius4 ,cuna  
for cradles1 ,diverra for sweeping      
houses1 ,nodina knots1 ,prema1          
,pramunda1 ,hymen1 ,hymeneus1 for       
weddings2 ,comus the god of good        

fellows1 gods of silence1 of comfort1   
,hebe goddess of youth1 ,mena           
menstruarum1 c4 male and female gods1 of
 all ages1 sexes and dimensions1 with   
beards1 without beards1 married1        
unmarried1 begot1 not born at all1 but1 
as ,minerva1 start out of ,jupiter's    
head4 ,hesiod reckons up at least       
#cj1jjj gods1 ,varro #cjj ,jupiters4 ,as
 ,jeremy told them1 their gods were to  
the multitude of cities2 ,quicquid      
humus1 pelagus1 coelum miserabile gignit
 ,id dixere deos1 colles1 freta1        
flumina1 flammas4  ,whatever heavens1   
sea1 and land begat1 ,hills1 seas1 and  
rivers1 ,god was this and that4  ,and   
which was most absurd1 they made gods   
upon such ridiculous occasions2 ,as     
children make babies 7so saith          
#feaj,morneus71 their poets make gods1  
et quos adorant in templis1 ludunt in   
,theatris1 as ,lactantius scoffs4       
,saturn1 a man1 gelded himself1 did eat 
his own children1 a cruel tyrant driven 
out of his kingdom by his son ,jupiter1 

as good a god as himself1 a wicked      
lascivious paltry king of ,crete1 of    
whose rapes1 lusts1 murders1 villainies1
 a whole volume is too little to relate4
 ,venus1 a notorious strumpet1 as common
 as a barber's chair1 ,mars1 ,adonis1   
,anchises' whore1 is a great            
she-goddess1 as well as the rest1 as    
much renowned by their poets1 with many 
such2 and these gods so fabulously and  
foolishly made1 ceremoniis1 hymnis1 et  
canticis celebrunt2 their errors1 luctus
 et gaudia1 amores1 iras1 nuptias et    
liberorum procreationes 7#feaa;as       
,eusebius well taxeth71 weddings1 mirth 
and mournings1 loves1 angers1 and       
quarrelling they did celebrate in hymns1
 and sing of in their ordinary songs1 as
 it were publishing their villainies4   
,but see more of their originals4 ,when 
,romulus was made away by the sedition  
of the senators1 to pacify the people1  
#feab;,julius ,proculus gave out that   
,romulus was taken up by ,jupiter into  
heaven1 and therefore to be ever after  

adored for a god amongst the ,romans4   
,syrophanes of ,egypt had one only son1 
whom he dearly loved2 he erected his    
statue in his house1 which his servants 
did adorn with garlands1 to pacify their
 master's wrath when he was angry1 so by
 little and little he was adored for a  
god4 ,this did ,semiramis for her       
husband ,belus1 and ,adrian the emperor 
by his minion ,antinous4 ,flora was a   
rich harlot in ,rome1 and for that she  
made the commonwealth her heir1 her     
birthday was solemnised long after2 and 
to make it a more plausible holiday1    
they made her goddess of flowers1 and   
sacrificed to her amongst the rest4 ,the
 matrons of ,rome1 as ,dionysius        
,halicarnassaeus relates1 because at    
their entreaty ,coriolanus desisted from
 his wars1 consecrated a church         
,fortunes muliebri2 and #feac,venus     
,barbata had a temple erected1 for that 
somewhat was amiss about hair1 and so   
the rest4 ,the citizens #feadof         
,alabanda1 a small town in ,asia ,minor1

 to curry favour with the ,romans 7who  
then warred in ,greece with ,perseus of 
,macedon1 and were formidable to these  
parts71 consecrated a temple to the     
,city of ,rome1 and made her a goddess1 
with annual games and sacrifices2 so a  
town of houses was deified1 with        
shameful flattery of the one side to    
give1 and intolerable arrogance on the  
other to accept1 upon so vile and absurd
 an occasion4 ,tully writes to ,atticus1
 that his daughter ,tulliola might be   
made a goddess1 and adored as ,juno and 
,minerva1 and as well she deserved it4  
,their holy days and adorations were all
 out as ridiculous2 those ,lupercals of 
,pan1 ,florales of ,flora1 ,bona dea1   
,anna ,perenna1 ,saturnals1 c41 as how  
they were celebrated1 with what         
lascivious and wanton gestures1 bald    
ceremonies1 #feae;by what bawdy priests1
 how they hang their noses over the     
smoke of sacrifices1 saith #feaf,lucian1
 and lick blood like flies that was     
spilled about the altars4 ,their carved 

idols1 gilt images of wood1 iron1 ivory1
 silver1 brass1 stone1 olim truncus     
eram1 c41 were most absurd1 as being    
their own workmanship2 for as ,seneca   
notes1 adorant ligneos deos1 et fabros  
interim qui fecerunt1 contemnunt1 they  
adore work1 contemn the workman2 and as 
,tertullian follows it1 ,si homines non 
essent diis propitii1 non essent dii1   
had it not been for men1 they had never 
been gods1 but blocks1 and stupid       
statues in which mice1 swallows1 birds  
make their nests1 spiders their webs1   
and in their very mouths laid their     
excrements4 ,those images1 ,i say1 were 
all out as gross as the shapes in which 
they did represent them3 ,jupiter with a
 ram's head1 ,mercury a dog's1 ,pan like
 a goat1 ,heccate with three heads1 one 
with a beard1 another without2 see more 
in ,carterius and #feag,verdurius of    
their monstrous forms and ugly pictures3
 and1 which was absurder yet1 they told 
them these images came from heaven1 as  
that of ,minerva in her temple at       

,athens1 quod e coelo cecidisse         
credebant accolae1 saith ,pausanias4    
,they formed some like storks1 apes1    
bulls1 and yet seriously believed3 and  
that which was impious and abominable1  
they made their gods notorious          
whoremasters1 incestuous ,sodomites 7as 
commonly they were all1 as well as      
,jupiter1 ,mars1 ,apollo1 ,mercury1     
,neptune1 c471 thieves1 slaves1 drudges 
7for ,apollo and ,neptune made tiles in 
,phrygia71 kept sheep1 ,hercules emptied
 stables1 ,vulcan a blacksmith1 unfit to
 dwell upon the earth for their         
villainies1 much less in heaven1 as     
#feah,mornay well saith1 and yet they   
gave them out to be such2 so weak and   
brutish1 some to whine1 lament1 and     
roar1 as ,isis for her son and          
,cenocephalus1 as also all her weeping  
priests2 ,mars in ,homer to be wounded1 
vexed2 ,venus ran away crying1 and the  
like2 than which what can be more       
ridiculous8 ,nonne ridiculum lugere quod
 colas1 vel colere quod lugeas8 7which  

#feai,minutius objects7 ,si dii1 cur    
plangitis8 si mortui1 cur adoratis8 that
 it is no marvel if #febj,lucian1 that  
adamantine persecutor of superstition1  
and ,pliny could so scoff at them and   
their horrible idolatry as they did2 if 
,diagoras took ,hercules' image1 and put
 it under his pot to seethe his pottage1
 which was1 as he said1 his #acth       
labour4 ,but see more of their fopperies
 in ,cypr4 #d4 tract1 de ,idol4         
varietat4 ,chrysostom advers4 ,gentil4  
,arnobius adv4 ,gentes4 ,austin1 de civ4
 dei4 ,theodoret4 de curat4 ,graec4     
affect4 ,clemens ,alexandrinus1         
,minutius ,felix1 ,eusebius1            
,lactantius1 ,stuckius1 c4 ,lamentable1 
tragical1 and fearful those symptoms    
are1 that they should be so far forth   
affrighted with their fictitious gods1  
as to spend the goods1 lives1 fortunes1 
precious time1 best days in their       
honour1 to #febasacrifice unto them1 to 
their inestimable loss1 such hecatombs1 
so many thousand sheep1 oxen with gilded

 horns1 goats1 as #febb;,croesus1 king  
of ,lydia1 #febc ,marcus ,julianus1     
surnamed ob crebras hostias             
,victimarius1 et ,tauricremus1 and the  
rest of the ,roman emperors usually did 
with such labour and cost2 and not      
emperors only and great ones1 pro       
communi bono1 were at this charge1 but  
private men for their ordinary          
occasions4 ,pythagoras offered a hundred
 oxen for the invention of a geometrical
 problem1 and it was an ordinary thing  
to sacrifice in #febd,lucian's time1 a  
heifer for their good health1 four oxen 
for wealth1 a hundred for a kingdom1    
nine bulls for their safe return from   
,troja to ,pylus1 c4 ,every god almost  
had a peculiar sacrifice--the ,sun      
horses1 ,vulcan fire1 ,diana a white    
hart1 ,venus a turtle1 ,ceres a hog1    
,proserpine a black lamb1 ,neptune a    
bull 7read more in #febe ,stuckius at   
large71 besides sheep1 cocks1 corals1   
frankincense1 to their undoings1 as if  
their gods were affected with blood or  

smoke4 ,and surely 7#febfsaith he7 if   
one should but repeat the fopperies of  
mortal men1 in their sacrifices1 feasts1
 worshipping their gods1 their rites and
 ceremonies1 what they think of them1 of
 their diet1 houses1 orders1 c41 what   
prayers and vows they make2 if one      
should but observe their absurdity and  
madness1 he would burst out a laughing1 
and pity their folly4 ,for what can be  
more absurd than their ordinary prayers1
 petitions1 #febgrequests1 sacrifices1  
oracles1 devotions8 of which we have a  
taste in ,maximus ,tyrius1 serm4 #a4    
,plato's ,alcibiades ,secundus1 ,persius
 ,sat4 #b4 ,juvenal4 ,sat4 #aj4 there   
likewise exploded1 ,mactant opimas et   
pingues hostias deo quasi esurienti1    
profundunt vina tanquam sitienti1 lumina
 accendunt velut in tenebris agenti     
7,lactantius1 lib4 #b4 cap4 #f74 ,as if 
their gods were hungry1 athirst1 in the 
dark1 they light candles1 offer meat and
 drink4 ,and what so base as to reveal  
their counsels and give oracles1 e      

viscerum sterquiliniis1 out of the      
bowels and excremental parts of beasts8 
sordidos deos ,varro truly calls them   
therefore1 and well he might4 ,i say    
nothing of their magnificent and        
sumptuous temples1 those majestical     
structures3 to the roof of ,apollo      
,didymeus' temple1 ad branchidas1 as    
#febh,strabo writes1 a thousand oaks did
 not suffice4 ,who can relate the       
glorious splendour1 and stupend         
magnificence1 the sumptuous building of 
,diana at ,ephesus1 ,jupiter ,ammon's   
temple in ,africa1 the ,pantheon at     
,rome1 the ,capitol1 the ,sarapium at   
,alexandria1 ,apollo's temple at ,daphne
 in the suburbs of ,antioch4 ,the great 
temple at ,mexico so richly adorned1 and
 so capacious 7for #aj1jjj men might    
stand in it at once71 that fair         
,pantheon of ,cusco1 described by       
,acosta in his ,indian ,history1 which  
eclipses both ,jews and ,christians4    
,there were in old ,jerusalem1 as some  
write1 #djh synagogues2 but new ,cairo  

reckons up 7if #febi,radzivilus may be  
believed7 #fhjj mosques2 ,fez #djj1     
whereof #ej are most magnificent1 like  
,st4 ,paul's in ,london4 ,helena built  
#cjj fair churches in the ,holy ,land1  
but one ,bassa hath built #djj mosques4 
,the ,mahometans have #ajjj monks in a  
monastery2 the like saith ,acosta of    
,americans2 ,riccius of the ,chinese1   
for men and women1 fairly built2 and    
more richly endowed some of them1 than  
,arras in ,artois1 ,fulda in ,germany1  
or ,st4 ,edmund's-,bury in ,england with
 us3 who can describe those curious and 
costly statues1 idols1 images1 so       
frequently mentioned in ,pausanias8 ,i  
conceal their donaries1 pendants1 other 
offerings1 presents1 to these their     
fictitious gods daily consecrated4      
#fecj;,alexander1 the son of ,amyntas1  
king of ,macedonia1 sent two statues of 
pure gold to ,apollo at ,delphos4       
#feca;,croesus1 king of ,lydia dedicated
 a hundred golden tiles in the same     
place with a golden altar3 no man came  

empty-handed to their shrines4 ,but     
these are base offerings in respect2    
they offered men themselves alive4 ,the 
,leucadians1 as ,strabo writes1         
sacrificed every year a man1            
averruncandae1 deorum irae1 causa1 to   
pacify their gods1 de montis praecipitio
 dejecerent1 c4 and they did voluntarily
 undergo it4 ,the ,decii did so         
sacrifice1 ,diis manibus2 ,curtius did  
leap into the gulf4 ,were they not all  
strangely deluded to go so far to their 
oracles1 to be so gulled by them1 both  
in war and peace1 as ,polybius relates  
7which their argurs1 priests1 vestal    
virgins can witness71 to be so          
superstitious1 that they would rather   
lose goods and lives than omit any      
ceremonies1 or offend their heathen     
gods8 ,nicias1 that generous and valiant
 captain of the ,greeks1 overthrew the  
,athenian navy1 by reason of his too    
much superstition1 #fecb because the    
augurs told him it was ominous to set   
sail from the haven of ,syracuse whilst 

the moon was eclipsed2 he tarried so    
long till his enemies besieged him1 he  
and all his army were overthrown4 ,the  
#fecc,parthians of old were so sottish  
in this kind1 they would rather lose a  
victory1 nay lose their own lives1 than 
fight in the night1 'twas against their 
religion4 ,the ,jews would make no      
resistance on the ,sabbath1 when        
,pompeius besieged ,jerusalem2 and some 
,jewish ,christians in ,africa1 set upon
 by the ,goths1 suffered themselves upon
 the same occasion to be utterly        
vanquished4 ,the superstition of the    
,dibrenses1 a bordering town in ,epirus1
 besieged by the ,turks1 is miraculous  
almost to report4 ,because a dead dog   
was flung into the only fountain which  
the city had1 they would die of thirst  
all1 rather than drink of that          
#fecdunclean water1 and yield up the    
city upon any conditions4 ,though the   
praetor and chief citizens began to     
drink first1 using all good persuasions1
 their superstition was such1 no saying 

would serve1 they must all forthwith die
 or yield up the city4 ,vix ausum ipse  
credere 7saith #fece;,barletius7 tantam 
superstitionem1 vel affirmare levissimam
 hanc causam tantae rei vel magis       
ridiculam1 quum non dubitem risum potius
 quum admirationem posteris excitaturam4
 ,the story was too ridiculous1 he was  
ashamed to report it1 because he thought
 nobody would believe it4 ,it is stupend
 to relate what strange effects this    
idolatry and superstition hath brought  
forth of the latter years in the ,indies
 and those bordering parts3 #fecf;in    
what feral shapes the #fecg;devil is    
adored1 ne quid mali intentent1 as they 
say2 for in the mountains betwixt       
,scanderoon and ,aleppo1 at this day1   
there are dwelling a certain kind of    
people called ,coords1 coming of the    
race of the ancient ,parthians1 who     
worship the devil1 and allege this      
reason in so doing3 ,god is a good man  
and will do no harm1 but the devil is   
bad and must be pleased1 lest he hurt   

them4 ,it is wonderful to tell how the  
devil deludes them1 how he terrifies    
them1 how they offer men and women      
sacrifices unto him1 a hundred at once1 
as they did infants in ,crete to ,saturn
 of old1 the finest children1 like      
,agamemnon's ,iphigenia1 c4 ,at         
#fech,mexico1 when the ,spaniards first 
overcame them1 they daily sacrificed    
viva hominum corda e viventium          
corporibus extracta1 the hearts of men  
yet living1 #bj1jjj in a year 7,acosta  
lib4 #e4 cap4 #bj7 to their idols made  
of flour and men's blood1 and every year
 #fjjj infants of both sexes3 and as    
prodigious to relate1 #feci;how they    
bury their wives with husbands deceased1
 'tis fearful to report1 and harder to  
believe1 #fedj,nam certamen habent      
laethi quae viva sequatur ,conjugium1   
pudor1 est non licuisse mori1  and burn 
them alive1 best goods1 servants1       
horses1 when a grandee dies1 #fedatwelve
 thousand at once amongst the ,tartar's1
 when a great ,cham departs1 or an      

emperor in ,america3 how they plague    
themselves1 which abstain from all that 
hath life1 like those old ,pythagoreans1
 with immoderate fastings1 #fedb;as the 
,bannians about ,surat1 they of ,china1 
that for superstition's sake never eat  
flesh nor fish all their lives1 never   
marry1 but live in deserts and          
by-places1 and some pray to their idols 
twenty-four hours together without any  
intermission1 biting of their tongues   
when they have done1 for devotion's     
sake4 ,some again are brought to that   
madness by their superstitious priests  
7that tell them such vain stories of    
immortality1 and the joys of heaven in  
that other life71 #fedc that many       
thousands voluntarily break their own   
necks1 as ,cleombrotus ,amborciatus1    
auditors of old1 precipitate themselves1
 that they may participate of that      
unspeakable happiness in the other      
world4 ,one poisons1 another strangles  
himself1 and the ,king of ,china had    
done as much1 deluded with the vain     

hope1 had he not been detained by his   
servant4 ,but who can sufficiently tell 
of their several superstitions1         
vexations1 follies1 torments8 ,i may    
conclude with #fedd,possevinus1         
,religifacit asperos mites1 homines e   
feris2 superstitio ex hominibus feras1  
religion makes wild beasts civil1       
superstition makes wise men beasts and  
fools2 and the discreetest that are1 if 
they give way to it1 are no better than 
dizzards2 nay more1 if that of ,plotinus
 be true1 is unus religionis scopus1 ut 
ei quem colimus similes fiamus1 that is 
the drift of religion to make us like   
him whom we worship3 what shall be the  
end of idolaters1 but to degenerate into
 stocks and stones8 of such as worship  
these heathen gods1 for dii gentium     
daemonia1 #fede;but to become devils    
themselves8 ',tis therefore exitiosus   
error1 et maxime periculosus1 a most    
perilous and dangerous error of all     
others1 as #fedf,plutarch holds1        
turbulenta passio hominem consternans1 a

 pestilent1 a troublesome passion1 that 
utterly undoeth men4 ,unhappy           
superstition1 #fedg,pliny calls it1     
morte non finitur1 death takes away     
life1 but not superstition4 ,impious and
 ignorant are far more happy than they  
which are superstitious1 no torture like
 to it1 none so continuate1 so general1 
so destructive1 so violent4 ,in this    
superstitious row1 ,jews for antiquity  
may go next to ,gentiles3 what of old   
they have done1 what idolatries they    
have committed in their groves and high 
places1 what their ,pharisees1          
,sadducees1 ,scribes1 ,essei1 and such  
sectaries have maintained1 ,i will not  
so much as mention3 for the present1 ,i 
presume no nation under heaven can be   
more sottish1 ignorant1 blind1          
superstitious1 wilful1 obstinate1 and   
peevish1 tiring themselves with vain    
ceremonies to no purpose2 he that shall 
but read their ,rabbins' ridiculous     
comments1 their strange interpretation  
of scriptures1 their absurd ceremonies1 

fables1 childish tales1 which they      
steadfastly believe1 will think they be 
scarce rational creatures2 their foolish
 #fedh;customs1 when they rise in the   
morning1 and how they prepare themselves
 to prayer1 to meat1 with what          
superstitious washings1 how to their    
,sabbath1 to their other feasts1        
weddings1 burials1 c4 ,last of all1 the 
expectation of their ,messiah1 and those
 figments1 miracles1 vain pomp that     
shall attend him1 as how he shall       
terrify the ,gentiles1 and overcome them
 by new diseases2 how ,michael the      
archangel shall sound his trumpet1 how  
he shall gather all the scattered ,jews 
in the ,holy ,land1 and there make them 
a great banquet1 #fedi ,wherein shall be
 all the birds1 beasts1 fishes1 that    
ever ,god made1 a cup of wine that grew 
in ,paradise1 and that hath been kept in
 ,adam's cellar ever since4 ,at the     
first course shall be served in that    
great ox in ,job iv4 #aj41 that every   
day feeds on a thousand hills1 ,psal4   

#a4 #aj41 that great ,leviathan1 and a  
great bird1 that laid an egg so big1    
#feejthat by chance tumbling out of the 
nest1 it knocked down three hundred tall
 cedars1 and breaking as it fell1       
drowned one hundred and sixty villages3 
this bird stood up to the knees in the  
sea1 and the sea was so deep1 that a    
hatchet would not fall to the bottom in 
seven years3 of their ,messiah's        
#feeawives and children2 ,adam and ,eve1
 c41 and that one stupend fiction       
amongst the rest3 when a ,roman prince  
asked of rabbi ,jehosua ben ,hanania1   
why the ,jews' ,god was compared to a   
lion2 he made answer1 he compared       
himself to no ordinary lion1 but to one 
in the wood ,ela1 which1 when he desired
 to see1 the rabbin prayed to ,god he   
might1 and forthwith the lion set       
forward4 #feeb ,but when he was four    
hundred miles from ,rome he so roared   
that all the great-bellied women in     
,rome made abortions1 the city walls    
fell down1 and when he came a hundred   

miles nearer1 and roared the second     
time1 their teeth fell out of their     
heads1 the emperor himself fell down    
dead1 and so the lion went back4 ,with  
an infinite number of such lies and     
forgeries1 which they verily believe1   
feed themselves with vain hope1 and in  
the mean time will by no persuasions be 
diverted1 but still crucify their souls 
with a company of idle ceremonies1 live 
like slaves and vagabonds1 will not be  
relieved or reconciled4 ,mahometans are 
a compound of ,gentiles1 ,jews1 and     
,christians1 and so absurd in their     
ceremonies1 as if they had taken that   
which is most sottish out of every one  
of them1 full of idle fables in their   
superstitious law1 their ,alcoran itself
 a gallimaufry of lies1 tales1          
ceremonies1 traditions1 precepts1 stolen
 from other sects1 and confusedly heaped
 up to delude a company of rude and     
barbarous clowns4 ,as how birds1 beasts1
 stones1 saluted ,mahomet when he came  
from ,mecca1 the moon came down from    

heaven to visit him1 #feec;how ,god sent
 for him1 spake to him1 c41 with a      
company of stupend figments of the      
angels1 sun1 moon1 and stars1 c4 ,of the
 day of judgment1 and three sounds to   
prepare to it1 which must last fifty    
thousand years of ,paradise1 which      
wholly consists in coeundi et comedendi 
voluptate1 and pecorinis hominibus      
scriptum1 bestialis beatitudo1 is so    
ridiculous1 that ,virgil1 ,dante1       
,lucian1 nor any poet can be more       
fabulous4 ,their rites and ceremonies   
are most vain and superstitious1 wine   
and swine's flesh are utterly forbidden 
by their law1 #feedthey must pray five  
times a day2 and still towards the      
south1 wash before and after all their  
bodies over1 with many such4 ,for       
fasting1 vows1 religious orders1        
peregrinations1 they go far beyond any  
papists1 #feeethey fast a month together
 many times1 and must not eat a bit till
 sun be set4 ,their kalendars1 dervises1
 and torlachers1 c4 are more            

#feef;abstemious some of them1 than     
,carthusians1 ,franciscans1 ,anchorites1
 forsake all1 live solitary1 fare hard1 
go naked1 c4 #feeg,their pilgrimages are
 as far as to the river #feeh;,ganges   
7which the ,gentiles of those tracts    
likewise do71 to wash themselves1 for   
that river as they hold hath a sovereign
 virtue to purge them of all sins1 and  
no man can be saved that hath not been  
washed in it4 ,for which reason they    
come far and near from the ,indies2     
,maximus gentium omnium confluxus est2  
and infinite numbers yearly resort to   
it4 ,others go as far as ,mecca to      
,mahomet's tomb1 which journey is both  
miraculous and meritorious4 ,the        
ceremonies of flinging stones to stone  
the devil1 of eating a camel at ,cairo  
by the way2 their fastings1 their       
running till they sweat1 their long     
prayers1 ,mahomet's temple1 tomb1 and   
building of it1 would ask a whole volume
 to dilate3 and for their pains taken in
 this holy pilgrimage1 all their sins   

are forgiven1 and they reputed for so   
many saints4 ,and diverse of them with  
hot bricks1 when they return1 will put  
out their eyes1 #feeithat they never    
after see any profane thing1 bite out   
their tongues1 c4 ,they look for their  
prophet ,mahomet as ,jews do for their  
,messiah4 ,read more of their customs1  
rites1 ceremonies1 in ,lonicerus        
,turcic4 hist4 tom4 #a4 from the tenth  
to the twenty-fourth chapter4           
,bredenbachius1 cap4 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,leo   
,afer1 lib4 #a4 ,busbequius ,sabellicus1
 ,purchas1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #c1 et #d1 #e4 
,theodorus ,bibliander1 c4 ,many foolish
 ceremonies you shall find in them2 and 
which is most to be lamented1 the people
 are generally so curious in observing  
of them1 that if the least circumstance 
be omitted1 they think they shall be    
damned1 'tis an irremissible offence1   
and can hardly be forgiven4 ,i kept in  
my house amongst my followers 7saith    
,busbequius1 sometime the ,turk's orator
 in ,constantinople7 a ,turkey boy1 that

 by chance did eat shellfish1 a meat    
forbidden by their law1 but the next day
 when he knew what he had done1 he was  
not only sick to cast and vomit1 but    
very much troubled in mind1 would weep  
and #fefj;grieve many days after1       
torment himself for his foul offence4   
,another ,turk being to drink a cup of  
wine in his cellar1 first made a huge   
noise and filthy faces1 #fefato warn his
 soul1 as he said1 that it should not be
 guilty of that foul fact which he was  
to commit4 ,with such toys as these are 
men kept in awe1 and so cowed1 that they
 dare not resist1 or offend the least   
circumstance of their law1 for          
conscience' sake misled by superstition1
 which no human edict otherwise1 no     
force of arms1 could have enforced4 ,in 
the last place are pseudo-,christians1  
in describing of whose superstitious    
symptoms1 as a mixture of the rest1 ,i  
may say that which ,st4 ,benedict once  
saw in a vision1 one devil in the       
marketplace1 but ten in a monastery1    

because there was more work2 in populous
 cities they would swear and forswear1  
lie1 falsify1 deceive fast enough of    
themselves1 one devil could circumvent a
 thousand2 but in their religious houses
 a thousand devils could scarce tempt   
one silly monk4 ,all the principal      
devils1 ,i think1 busy themselves in    
subverting ,christians2 ,jews1          
,gentiles1 and ,mahometans1 are extra   
caulem1 out of the fold1 and need no    
such attendance1 they make no           
resistance1 #fefb;eos enim pulsare      
negligit1 quos quieto jure possidere se 
sentit1 they are his own already3 but   
,christians have that shield of faith1  
sword of the ,spirit to resist1 and must
 have a great deal of battery before    
they can be overcome4 ,that the devil is
 most busy amongst us that are of the   
true church1 appears by those several   
oppositions1 heresies1 schisms1 which in
 all ages he hath raised to subvert it1 
and in that of ,rome especially1 wherein
 ,antichrist himself now sits and plays 

his prize4 ,this mystery of iniquity    
began to work even in the ,apostles'    
time1 many ,antichrists and heretics'   
were abroad1 many sprung up since1 many 
now present1 and will be to the world's 
end1 to dementate men's minds1 to seduce
 and captivate their souls4 ,their      
symptoms ,i know not how better to      
express1 than in that twofold division1 
of such as lead1 and are led4 ,such as  
lead are heretics1 schismatics1 false   
prophets1 impostors1 and their          
ministers3 they have some common        
symptoms1 some peculiar4 ,common1 as    
madness1 folly1 pride1 insolency1       
arrogancy1 singularity1 peevishness1    
obstinacy1 impudence1 scorn and contempt
 of all other sects3 ,nullius addicti   
jurare in verba magistri2 #fefcthey will
 approve of nought but what they first  
invent themselves1 no interpretation    
good but what their infallible spirit   
dictates3 none shall be in secundis1 no 
not in tertiis1 they are only wise1 only
 learned in the truth1 all damned but   

they and their followers1 caedem        
scripturarum faciunt ad materiam suam1  
saith ,tertullian1 they make a slaughter
 of ,scriptures1 and turn it as a nose  
of wax to their own ends4 ,so           
irrefragable1 in the mean time1 that    
what they have once said1 they must and 
will maintain1 in whole tomes1          
duplications1 triplications1 never yield
 to death1 so self-conceited1 say what  
you can4 ,as #fefd;,bernard 7erroneously
 some say7 speaks of ,p4 ,aliardus1     
omnes patres sic1 atque ego sic4 ,though
 all the ,fathers1 ,councils1 the whole 
world contradict it1 they care not1 they
 are all one3 and as #fefe ,gregory well
 notes of such as are vertiginous1 they 
think all turns round and moves1 all    
err3 when as the error is wholly in     
their own brains4 ,magallianus1 the     
,jesuit1 in his ,comment on #a ,tim4    
xvi4 #bj1 and ,alphonsus de castro lib4 
#a4 adversus haereses1 gives two more   
eminent notes or probable conjectures to
 know such men by1 7they might have     

taken themselves by the noses when they 
said it7 #feff;,first they affect       
novelties and toys1 and prefer falsehood
 before truth2 #fefgsecondly1 they care 
not what they say1 that which rashness  
and folly hath brought out1 pride       
afterward1 peevishness and contumacy    
shall maintain to the last gasp4        
,peculiar symptoms are prodigious       
paradoxes1 new doctrines1 vain          
phantasms1 which are many and diverse as
 they themselves4 #fefh,nicholaites of  
old1 would have wives in common3        
,montanists will not marry at all1 nor  
,tatians1 forbidding all flesh1         
,severians wine2 ,adamians go naked1    
#fefi;because ,adam did so in ,paradise2
 and some #fegj;barefoot all their      
lives1 because ,god1 ,exod4 iii4 and    
,joshua v4 bid ,moses so to do2 and     
,isaiah xx4 was bid put off his shoes2  
,manichees hold that ,pythagorean       
transmigration of souls from men to     
beasts2 #fegathe ,circumcellions in     
,africa1 with a mad cruelty made away   

themselves1 some by fire1 water1        
breaking their necks1 and seduced others
 to do the like1 threatening some if    
they did not1 with a thousand such2 as  
you may read in #fegb;,austin 7for there
 were fourscore and eleven heresies in  
his times1 besides schisms and smaller  
factions7 ,epiphanius1 ,alphonsus de    
,castro1 ,danaeus1 ,gab1 ,prateolus1 c4 
,of prophets1 enthusiasts and impostors1
 our ,ecclesiastical stories afford many
 examples2 of ,elias and ,christs1 as   
our #fegc;,eudo de stellis1 a ,briton in
 ,king ,stephen's time1 that went       
invisible1 translated himself from one  
to another in a moment1 fed thousands   
with good cheer in the wilderness1 and  
many such2 nothing so common as         
miracles1 visions1 revelations1         
prophecies4 ,now what these brain-sick  
heretics once broach1 and impostors set 
on foot1 be it never so absurd1 false1  
and prodigious1 the common people will  
follow and believe4 ,it will run along  
like murrain in cattle1 scab in sheep4  

,nulla scabies1 as #fegd;he said1       
superstitione scabiosior2 as he that is 
bitten with a mad dog bites others1 and 
all in the end become mad2 either out of
 affection of novelty1 simplicity1 blind
 zeal1 hope and fear1 the giddy-headed  
multitude will embrace it1 and without  
further examination approve it4 ,sed    
vetera querimur1 these are old1 haec    
prius fuere4 ,in our days we have a new 
scene of superstitious impostors and    
heretics4 ,a new company of actors1 of  
,antichrists1 that great ,antichrist    
himself3 a rope of hopes1 that by their 
greatness and authority bear down all   
before them3 who from that time they    
proclaimed themselves universal bishops1
 to establish their own kingdom1        
sovereignty1 greatness1 and to enrich   
themselves1 brought in such a company of
 human traditions1 purgatory1 ,limbus   
,patrum1 ,infantum1 and all that        
subterranean geography1 mass1 adoration 
of saints1 alms1 fastings1 bulls1       
indulgences1 orders1 friars1 images1    

shrines1 musty relics1 excommunications1
 confessions1 satisfactions1 blind      
obediences1 vows1 pilgrimages1          
peregrinations1 with many such curious  
toys1 intricate subtleties1 gross       
errors1 obscure questions1 to vindicate 
the better and set a gloss upon them1   
that the light of the ,gospel was quite 
eclipsed1 darkness over all1 the        
,scriptures concealed1 legends brought  
in1 religion banished1 hypocritical     
superstition exalted1 and the ,church   
itself #fege obscured and persecuted3   
,christ and his members crucified more1 
saith ,benzo1 by a few necromantical1   
atheistical popes1 than ever it was by  
#fegf ,julian the ,apostate1 ,porphyrius
 the ,platonist1 ,celsus the physician1 
,libanius the ,sophister2 by those      
heathen emperors1 ,huns1 ,goths1 and    
,vandals4 ,what each of them did1 by    
what means1 at what times1 quibus       
auxiliis1 superstition climbed to this  
height1 tradition increased1 and        
,antichrist himself came to his estate1 

let ,magdeburgenses1 ,kemnisius1        
,osiander1 ,bale1 ,mornay1 ,fox1 ,usher1
 and many others relate4 ,in the mean   
time1 he that shall but see their       
profane rites and foolish customs1 how  
superstitiously kept1 how strictly      
observed1 their multitude of saints1    
images1 that rabble of ,romish deities1 
for trades1 professions1 diseases1      
persons1 offices1 countries1 places2    
,st4 ,george for ,england2 ,st4 ,denis  
for ,france1 ,patrick1 ,ireland2        
,andrew1 ,scotland2 ,jago1 ,spain2 c4   
,gregory for students2 ,luke for        
painters2 ,cosmus and ,damian for       
philosophers2 ,crispin1 shoemakers2     
,katherine1 spinners2 c4 ,anthony for   
pigs2 ,gallus1 geese2 ,wenceslaus1      
sheep2 ,pelagius1 oxen2 ,sebastian1 the 
plague2 ,valentine1 falling sickness2   
,apollonia1 toothache2 ,petronella for  
agues2 and the ,virgin ,mary for sea and
 land1 for all parties1 offices3 he that
 shall observe these things1 their      
shrines1 images1 oblations1 pendants1   

adorations1 pilgrimages they make to    
them1 what creeping to crosses1 our     
,lady of ,loretto's rich #fegg;gowns1   
her donaries1 the cost bestowed on      
images1 and number of suitors2 ,st4     
,nicholas ,burge in ,france2 our ,st4   
,thomas's shrine of old at ,canterbury2 
those relics at ,rome1 ,jerusalem1      
,genoa1 ,lyons1 ,pratum1 ,st4 ,denis2   
and how many thousands come yearly to   
offer to them1 with what cost1 trouble1 
anxiety1 superstition 7for forty several
 masses are daily said in some of their 
#fegh;churches1 and they rise at all    
hours of the night to mass1 come        
barefoot1 c471 how they spend           
themselves1 times1 goods1 lives1        
fortunes1 in such ridiculous            
observations2 their tales and figments1 
false miracles1 buying and selling of   
pardons1 indulgences for #dj1jjj years  
to come1 their processions on set days1 
their strict fastings1 monks1           
anchorites1 friar mendicants1           
,franciscans1 ,carthusians1 c4 ,their   

vigils and fasts1 their ceremonies at   
,christmas1 ,shrovetide1 ,candlemas1    
,palm ,sunday1 ,blaise1 ,st4 ,martin1   
,st4 ,nicholas' day2 their adorations1  
exorcisms1 c41 will think all those     
,grecian1 ,pagan1 ,mahometan            
superstitions1 gods1 idols1 and         
ceremonies1 the name1 time and place1   
habit only altered1 to have degenerated 
into ,christians4 ,whilst they prefer   
traditions before ,scriptures2 those    
,evangelical ,councils1 poverty1        
obedience1 vows1 alms1 fasting1         
supererogations1 before ,god's          
,commandments2 their own ordinances     
instead of his precepts1 and keep them  
in ignorance1 blindness1 they have      
brought the common people into such a   
case by their cunning conveyances1      
strict discipline1 and servile          
education1 that upon pain of damnation  
they dare not break the least ceremony1 
tradition1 edict2 hold it a greater sin 
to eat a bit of meat in ,lent1 than kill
 a man3 their consciences are so        

terrified1 that they are ready to       
despair if a small ceremony be omitted2 
and will accuse their own father1       
mother1 brother1 sister1 nearest and    
dearest friends of heresy1 if they do   
not as they do1 will be their chief     
executioners1 and help first to bring a 
faggot to burn them4 ,what mulct1 what  
penance soever is enjoined1 they dare   
not but do it1 tumble with ,st4 ,francis
 in the mire amongst hogs1 if they be   
appointed1 go woolward1 whip themselves1
 build hospitals1 abbeys1 c41 go to the 
,east or ,west ,indies1 kill a king1 or 
run upon a sword point3 they perform    
all1 without any muttering or           
hesitation1 believe all4 #fegi,ut pueri 
infantes credunt signa omnia ahena      
,vivere1 et esse homines1 et sic isti   
omnia ficta ,vera putant1 credunt signis
 cor inesse ahenis4  ,as children think 
their babies live to be1 ,do they these 
brazen images they see4  ,and whilst the
 ruder sort are so carried headlong with
 blind zeal1 are so gulled and tortured 

by their superstitions1 their own too   
credulous simplicity and ignorance1     
their epicurean popes and hypocritical  
cardinals laugh in their sleeves1 and   
are merry in their chambers with their  
punks1 they do indulgere genio1 and make
 much of themselves4 ,the middle sort1  
some for private gain1 hope of          
ecclesiastical preferment1 7quis        
expedivit psittaco suum 7 popularity1   
base flattery1 must and will believe all
 their paradoxes and absurd tenets1     
without exception1 and as obstinately   
maintain and put in practice all their  
traditions and idolatrous ceremonies    
7for their religion is half a trade7 to 
the death2 they will defend all1 the    
golden legend itself1 with all the lies 
and tales in it3 as that of ,st4        
,george1 ,st4 ,christopher1 ,st4        
,winifred1 ,st4 ,denis1 c4 ,it is a     
wonder to see how ,nic4 ,harpsfield1    
that ,pharisaical impostor1 amongst the 
rest1 ,ecclesiast4 ,hist4 cap4 #bb4 saec
 prim1 sex41 puzzles himself to         

vindicate that ridiculous fable of ,st4 
,ursula and the eleven thousand virgins1
 as when they live1#fehj;how they came  
to ,cologne1 by whom martyred1 c41      
though he can say nothing for it1 yet he
 must and will approve it3 nobilitavit  
7inquit7 hoc saeculum ,ursula cum       
comitibus1 cujus historia utinam tam    
mihi esset expedita et certa1 quam in   
animo meo certum ac expeditum est1 eam  
esse cum sodalibus beatam in coelis     
virginem4 ,they must and will 7,i say7  
either out of blind zeal believe1 vary  
their compass with the rest1 as the     
latitude of religion varies1 apply      
themselves to the times1 and seasons1   
and for fear and flattery are content to
 subscribe and to do all that in them   
lies to maintain and defend their       
present government and slavish religious
 schoolmen1 canonists1 ,jesuits1 friars1
 priests1 orators1 sophisters1 who      
either for that they had nothing else to
 do1 luxuriant wits knew not otherwise  
how to busy themselves in those idle    

times1 for the ,church then had few or  
no open adversaries1 or better to defend
 their lies1 fictions1 miracles1        
transubstantiations1 traditions1 pope's 
pardons1 purgatories1 masses1           
impossibilities1 c4 with glorious shows1
 fair pretences1 big words1 and         
plausible wits1 have coined a thousand  
idle questions1 nice distinctions1      
subtleties1 ,obs and ,sols1 such        
tropological1 allegorical expositions1  
to salve all appearances1 objections1   
such quirks and quiddities1             
quodlibetaries1 as ,bale saith of       
,ferribrigge and ,strode1 instances1    
ampliations1 decrees1 glosses1 canons1  
that instead of sound commentaries1 good
 preachers1 are come in a company of mad
 sophisters1 primo secundo secundarii1  
sectaries1 ,canonists1 ,sorbonists1     
,minorites1 with a rabble of idle       
controversies and questions1 #feha;an   
,papa sit ,deus1 an quasi ,deus8 ,an    
participet utramque ,christi naturam8   
,whether it be as possible for ,god to  

be a humble bee or a gourd1 as a man8   
,whether he can produce respect without 
a foundation or term1 make a whore a    
virgin8 fetch ,trajan's soul from hell1 
and how8 with a rabble of questions     
about hell-fire3 whether it be a greater
 sin to kill a man1 or to clout shoes   
upon a ,sunday8 whether ,god can make   
another ,god like unto himself8 ,such1  
saith ,kemnisius1 are most of your      
schoolmen1 7mere alchemists7 #bjj       
commentators on ,peter ,lambard2        
7,pitsius catal4 scriptorum ,anglic4    
reckons up #ahj ,english commentators   
alone1 on the matter of the sentences71 
,scotists1 ,thomists1 ,reals1 ,nominals1
 c41 and so perhaps that of ,st4        
#fehb;,austin may be verified4 ,indocti 
rapiunt coelum1 docti interim descendunt
 ad infernum4 ,thus they continued in   
such error1 blindness1 decrees1         
sophisms1 superstitions2 idle ceremonies
 and traditions were the sum of their   
new-coined holiness and religion1 and by
 these knaveries and stratagems they    

were able to involve multitudes1 to     
deceive the most sanctified souls1 and1 
if it were possible1 the very elect4 ,in
 the mean time the true ,church1 as wine
 and water mixed1 lay hid and obscure to
 speak of1 till ,luther's time1 who     
began upon a sudden to defecate1 and as 
another sun to drive away those foggy   
mists of superstition1 to restore it to 
that purity of the primitive ,church4   
,and after him many good and godly men1 
divine spirits1 have done their         
endeavours1 and still do4 #fehc;,and    
what their ignorance esteem'd so holy1  
,our wiser ages do account as folly4    
,but see the devil1 that will never     
suffer the ,church to be quiet or at    
rest3 no garden so well tilled but some 
noxious weeds grow up in it1 no wheat   
but it hath some tares3 we have a mad   
giddy company of precisians1            
schismatics1 and some heretics1 even1 in
 our own bosoms in another extreme4     
#fehd;,dum vitant stulti vitia in       
contraria currunt2 that out of too much 

zeal in opposition to ,antichrist1 human
 traditions1 those ,romish rites and    
superstitions1 will quite demolish all1 
they will admit of no ceremonies at all1
 no fasting days1 no cross in baptism1  
kneeling at communion1 no church music1 
c41 no bishops' courts1 no church       
government1 rail at all our church      
discipline1 will not hold their tongues1
 and all for the peace of thee1 ,o      
,sion6 ,no1 not so much as degrees some 
of them will tolerate1 or universities1 
all human learning1 7'tis cloaca        
diaboli7 hoods1 habits1 cap and         
surplice1 such as are things indifferent
 in themselves1 and wholly for ornament1
 decency1 or distinction's sake1 they   
abhor1 hate1 and snuff at1 as a         
stone-horse when he meets a bear3 they  
make matters of conscience of them1 and 
will rather forsake their livings than  
subscribe to them4 ,they will admit of  
no holidays1 or honest recreations1 as  
of hawking1 hunting1 c41 no churches1 no
 bells some of them1 because papists use

 them2 no discipline1 no ceremonies but 
what they invent themselves2 no         
interpretations of 'scriptures1 no      
comments of fathers1 no councils1 but   
such as their own fantastical spirits   
dictate1 or recta ratio1 as ,socinians1 
by which spirit misled1 many times they 
broach as prodigious paradoxes as       
papists themselves4 ,some of them turn  
prophets1 have secret revelations1 will 
be of privy council with ,god himself1  
and know all his secrets1 #fehe ,per    
capillos spiritum sanctum tenent1 et    
omnia sciunt cum sint asini omnium      
obstinatissimi1 a company of giddy heads
 will take upon them to define how many 
shall be saved and who damned in a      
parish1 where they shall sit in heaven1 
interpret ,apocalypses1 7,commentatores 
praecipites et vertiginosos1 one calls  
them1 as well he might7 and those hidden
 mysteries to private persons1 times1   
places1 as their own spirit informs     
them1 private revelations shall suggest1
 and precisely set down when the world  

shall come to an end1 what year1 what   
month1 what day4 ,some of them again    
have such strong faith1 so presumptuous1
 they will go into infected houses1     
expel devils1 and fast forty days1 as   
,christ himself did2 some call ,god and 
his attributes into question1 as        
,vorstius and ,socinus2 some princes1   
civil magistrates1 and their            
authorities1 as ,anabaptists1 will do   
all their own private spirit dictates1  
and nothing else4 ,brownists1           
,barrowists1 ,familists1 and those      
,amsterdamian sects and sectaries1 are  
led all by so many private spirits4 ,it 
is a wonder to reveal what passages     
,sleidan relates in his ,commentaries1  
of ,cretinck1 ,knipperdoling1 and their 
associates1 those madmen of ,munster in 
,germany2 what strange enthusiasms1     
sottish revelations they had1 how       
absurdly they carried themselves1       
deluded others2 and as profane          
,machiavel in his political disputations
 holds of ,christian religion1 in       

general it doth enervate1 debilitate1   
take away men's spirits and courage from
 them1 simpliciores reddit homines1     
breeds nothing so courageous soldiers as
 that ,roman3 we may say of these       
peculiar sects1 their religion takes    
away not spirits only1 but wit and      
judgment1 and deprives them of their    
understanding2 for some of them are so  
far gone with their private enthusiasms 
and revelations1 that they are quite    
mad1 out of their wits4 ,what greater   
madness can there be1 than for a man to 
take upon him to be a ,god1 as some do8 
to be the ,holy ,ghost1 ,elias1 and what
 not8 ,in #fehf,poland1 #aeah1 in the   
reign of ,king ,sigismund1 one said he  
was ,christ1 and got him twelve         
apostles1 came to judge the world1 and  
strangely deluded the commons4 #fehg,one
 ,david ,george1 an illiterate painter1 
not many years since1 did as much in    
,holland1 took upon him to be the       
,messiah1 and had many followers4       
,benedictus ,victorinus ,faventinus1    

consil4 #ae1 writes as much of one      
,honorius1 that thought he was not only 
inspired as a prophet1 but that he was a
 ,god himself1 and had #fehh;familiar   
conference with ,god and his angels4    
,lavat4 de spect4 c4 #b4 part4 #h4 hath 
a story of one ,john ,sartorious1 that  
thought he was the prophet ,elias1 and  
cap4 #g4 of diverse others that had     
conference with angels1 were saints1    
prophets4 ,wierus1 lib4 #c4 de ,lamiis  
c4 #g4 makes mention of a prophet of    
,groning that said he was ,god the      
,father2 of an ,italian and ,spanish    
prophet that held as much4 ,we need not 
rove so far abroad1 we have familiar    
examples at home3 ,hackett that said he 
was ,christ2 ,coppinger and ,arthington 
his disciples2 #fehi;,burchet and       
,hovatus1 burned at ,norwich4 ,we are   
never likely seven years together       
without some such new prophets that have
 several inspirations1 some to convert  
the ,jews1 some fast forty days1 go with
 ,daniel to the lion's den2 some        

foretell strange things1 some for one   
thing1 some for another4 ,great         
precisians of mean conditions and very  
illiterate1 most part by a preposterous 
zeal1 fasting1 meditation1 melancholy1  
are brought into those gross errors and 
inconveniences4 ,of those men ,i may    
conclude generally1 that howsoever they 
may seem to be discreet1 and men of     
understanding in other matters1         
discourse well1 laesam habent           
imaginationem1 they are like comets1    
round in all places but where they      
blaze1 caetera sani1 they have          
impregnable wits many of them1 and      
discreet otherwise1 but in this their   
madness and folly breaks out beyond     
measure1 in infinitum erumpit stultitia4
 ,they are certainly far gone with      
melancholy1 if not quite mad1 and have  
more need of physic than many a man that
 keeps his bed1 more need of hellebore  
than those that are in ,bedlam4         
,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,prognostics of       
,religious ,melancholy4  ,you may guess 

at the prognostics by the symptoms4     
,what can these signs fore tell         
otherwise than folly1 dotage1 madness1  
gross ignorance1 despair1 obstinacy1 a  
reprobate sense1 #feij;a bad end8 ,what 
else can superstition1 heresy produce1  
but wars1 tumults1 uproars1 torture of  
souls1 and despair1 a desolate land1 as 
,jeremy teacheth1 cap4 vii4 #cd4 when   
they commit idolatry1 and walk after    
their own ways8 how should it be        
otherwise with them8 what can they      
expect but blasting1 famine1 dearth1 and
 all the plagues of ,egypt1 as ,amos    
denounceth1 cap4 iv4 vers4 #i4 #aj4 to  
be led into captivity8 ,if our hopes be 
frustrate1 we sow much and bring in     
little1 eat and have not enough1 drink  
and are not filled1 clothe and be not   
warm1 c4 ,haggai i4 #f4 we look for much
 and it comes to little1 whence is it8  
,his house was waste1 they came to their
 own houses1 vers4 #i4 therefore the    
heaven stayed his dew1 the earth his    
fruit4 ,because we are superstitious1   

irreligious1 we do not serve ,god as we 
ought1 all these plagues and miseries   
come upon us2 what can we look for else 
but mutual wars1 slaughters1 fearful    
ends in this life1 and in the life to   
come eternal damnation8 ,what is it that
 hath caused so many feral battles to be
 fought1 so much ,christian blood shed1 
but superstition6 ,that ,spanish        
inquisition1 racks1 wheels1 tortures1   
torments1 whence do they proceed8 from  
superstition4 ,bodine the ,frenchman1 in
 his #feiamethod4 hist4 accounts        
,englishmen barbarians1 for their civil 
wars3 but let him read those ,pharsalian
 fields #feib;fought of late in ,france 
for their religion1 their massacres1    
wherein by their own relations in       
twenty-four years1 ,i know not how many 
millions have been consumed1 whole      
families and cities1 and he shall find  
ours to be but velitations to theirs4   
,but it hath ever been the custom of    
heretics and idolaters1 when they are   
plagued for their sins1 and ,god's just 

judgments come upon them1 not to        
acknowledge any fault in themselves1 but
 still impute it unto others4 ,in       
,cyprian's time it was much controverted
 between him and ,demetrius an idolater1
 who should be the cause of those       
present calamities4 ,demetrius laid all 
the fault on ,christians1 7and so they  
did ever in the primitive church1 as    
appears by the first book of            
#feic;,arnobius71 #feidthat there were  
not such ordinary showers in winter1 the
 ripening heat in summer1 so seasonable 
springs1 fruitful autumns1 no marble    
mines in the mountains1 less gold and   
silver than of old2 that husbandmen1    
seamen1 soldiers1 all were scanted1     
justice1 friendship1 skill in arts1 all 
was decayed1 and that through           
,christians' default1 and all their     
other miseries from them1 quod dii      
nostri a vobis non colantur1 because    
they did not worship their gods4 ,but   
,cyprian retorts all upon him again1 as 
appears by his tract against him4 ',tis 

true the world is miserably tormented   
and shaken with wars1 dearth1 famine1   
fire1 inundations1 plagues1 and many    
feral diseases rage amongst us1 sed non 
ut tu quereris ista accidunt quod dii   
vestri a nobis non colantur1 sed quod a 
vobis non colatur ,deus1 a quibus nec   
quaeritur1 nec timetur1 not as thou     
complainest1 that we do not worship your
 ,gods1 but because you are idolaters1  
and do not serve the true ,god1 neither 
seek him1 nor fear him as you ought4    
,our papists object as much to us1 and  
account us heretics1 we them2 the ,turks
 esteem of both as infidels1 and we them
 as a company of pagans1 ,jews against  
all2 when indeed there is a general     
fault in us all1 and something in the   
very best1 which may justly deserve     
,god's wrath1 and pull these miseries   
upon our heads4 ,i will say nothing here
 of those vain cares1 torments1 needless
 works1 penance1 pilgrimages1           
pseudomartyrdom1 c4 ,we heap upon       
ourselves unnecessary troubles1         

observations2 we punish our bodies1 as  
in ,turkey 7saith #feie;,busbequius leg4
 ,turcic4 ep4 #c47 one did1 that was    
much affected with music1 and to hear   
boys sing1 but very superstitious2 an   
old sibyl coming to his house1 or a holy
 woman1 7as that place yields many7 took
 him down for it1 and told him1 that in 
that other world he should suffer for   
it2 thereupon he flung his rich and     
costly instruments which he had bedecked
 with jewels1 all at once into the fire4
 ,he was served in silver plate1 and had
 goodly household stuff3 a little after1
 another religious man reprehended him  
in like sort1 and from thenceforth he   
was served in earthen vessels1 last of  
all a decree came forth1 because ,turks 
might not drink wine themselves1 that   
neither ,jew nor ,christian then living 
in ,constantinople1 might drink any wine
 at all4 ,in like sort amongst papists1 
fasting at first was generally proposed 
as a good thing2 after1 from such meats 
at set times1 and then last of all so   

rigorously proposed1 to bind the        
consciences upon pain of damnation4     
,first ,friday1 saith ,erasmus1 then    
,saturday1 et nunc periclitatur dies    
,mercurii7 and ,wednesday now is in     
danger of a fast4 #feif;,and for such   
like toys1 some so miserably afflict    
themselves1 to despair1 and death       
itself1 rather than offend1 and think   
themselves good ,christians in it1 when 
as indeed they are superstitious ,jews4 
,so saith ,leonardus ,fuchsius1 a great 
physician in his time4 #feig,we are     
tortured in ,germany with these popish  
edicts1 our bodies so taken down1 our   
goods so diminished1 that if ,god had   
not sent ,luther1 a worthy man1 in time1
 to redress these mischiefs1 we should  
have eaten hay with our horses before   
this4 #feih;,as in fasting1 so in all   
other superstitious edicts1 we crucify  
one another without a cause1 barring    
ourselves of many good and lawful       
things1 honest disports1 pleasures and  
recreations2 for wherefore did ,god     

create them but for our use8 ,feasts1   
mirth1 music1 hawking1 hunting1 singing1
 dancing1 c4 non tam necessitatibus     
nostris ,deus inservit1 sed in delicias 
amamur1 as ,seneca notes1 ,god would    
have it so4 ,and as ,plato #b4 de       
legibus gives out1 ,deos laboriosam     
hominum vitam miseratos1 the gods in    
commiseration of human estate sent      
,apollo1 ,bacchus1 and the ,muses1 qui  
cum voluptate tripudia et soltationes   
nobis ducant1 to be merry with mortals1 
to sing and dance with us4 ,so that he  
that will not rejoice and enjoy himself1
 making good use of such things as are  
lawfully permitted1 non est temperatus1 
as he will1 sed superstitiosus4 ,there  
is nothing better for a man1 than that  
he should eat and drink1 and that he    
should make his soul enjoy good in his  
labour1 ,eccles4 ii4 #bd4 ,and as       
#feiione said of hawking and hunting1   
tot solatia in hac aegri orbis          
calamitate1 mortalibus taediis deus     
objecit1 ,i say of all honest           

recreations1 ,god hath therefore        
indulged them to refresh1 ease1 solace  
and comfort us4 ,but we are some of us  
too stern1 too rigid1 too precise1 too  
grossly superstitious1 and whilst we    
make a conscience of every toy1 with    
touch not1 taste not1 c41 as those      
,pythagoreans of old1 and some ,indians 
now1 that will eat no flesh1 or suffer  
any living creature to be killed1 the   
,bannians about ,guzzerat2 we tyrannise 
over our brother's soul1 lose the right 
use of many good gifts2 honest          
#ffjjsports1 games and pleasant         
recreations1 #ffjapunish ourselves      
without a cause1 lose our liberties1 and
 sometimes our lives4 ,anno #abgj1 at   
#ffjb,magdeburg in ,germany1 a ,jew fell
 into a privy upon a ,saturday1 and     
without help could not possibly get out2
 he called to his fellows for succour1  
but they denied it1 because it was their
 ,sabbath1 non licebat opus manuum      
exercere2 the bishop hearing of it1 the 
next day forbade him to be pulled out1  

because it was our ,sunday4 ,in the mean
 time the wretch died before ,monday4   
,we have myriads of examples in this    
kind amongst those rigid ,sabbatarians1 
and therefore not without good cause1   
#ffjc;,intolerabilem pertubationem      
,seneca calls it1 as well he might1 an  
intolerable perturbation1 that causeth  
such dire events1 folly1 madness1       
sickness1 despair1 death of body and    
soul1 and hell itself4  ,,subsect4      
,v4--,cure of ,religious ,melancholy4   
,to purge the world of idolatry and     
superstition1 will require some         
monster-taming ,hercules1 a divine      
,aesculapius1 or ,christ himself to come
 in his own person1 to reign a thousand 
years on earth before the end1 as the   
,millenaries will have him4 ,they are   
generally so refractory1 self-conceited1
 obstinate1 so firmly addicted to that  
religion in which they have been bred   
and brought up1 that no persuasion1 no  
terror1 no persecution1 can divert them4
 ,the consideration of which1 hath      

induced many commonwealths to suffer    
them to enjoy their consciences as they 
will themselves3 a toleration of ,jews  
is in most provinces of ,europe4 ,in    
,asia they have their synagogues3       
,spaniards permit ,moors to live amongst
 them3 the ,mogullians1 ,gentiles3 the  
,turks all religions4 ,in ,europe1      
,poland and ,amsterdam are the common   
sanctuaries4 ,some are of opinion1 that 
no man ought to be compelled for        
conscience' sake1 but let him be of what
 religion he will1 he may be saved1 as  
,cornelius was formerly accepted1 ,jew1 
,turks1 ,anabaptists1 c4 ,if he be an   
honest man1 live soberly1 and civilly in
 his profession1 7,volkelius1 ,crellius1
 and the rest of the ,socinians1 that   
now nestle themselves about ,krakow and 
,rakow in ,poland1 have renewed this    
opinion7 serve his own ,god1 with that  
fear and reverence as he ought4 ,sua    
cuique civitati 7,laeli7 religio sit1   
nostra nobis1 ,tully thought fit every  
city should be free in this behalf1     

adore their own ,custodes et ,topicos   
,deos1 tutelar and local gods1 as       
,symmachus calls them4 ,isocrates       
adviseth ,demonicus1 when he came to a  
strange city1 to #ffjdworship by all    
means the gods of the place1 et         
unumquemque1 ,topicum deum sic coli     
oportere1 quomodo ipse praeceperit3     
which ,cecilius in #ffje,minutius       
labours1 and would have every nation    
sacrorum ritus gentiles habere et deos  
colere municipes1 keep their own        
ceremonies1 worship their peculiar gods1
 which ,pomponius ,mela reports of the  
,africans1 ,deos suos patrio more       
venerantur1 they worship their own gods 
according to their own ordination4 ,for 
why should any one nation1 as he there  
pleads1 challenge that universality of  
,god1 ,deum suum quem nec ostendunt1 nec
 vident1 discurrantem silicet et ubique 
praesentem1 in omnium mores1 actus1 et  
occultas1 cogitationes inquirentem1 c41 
as ,christians do3 let every province   
enjoy their liberty in this behalf1     

worship one ,god1 or all as they will1  
and are informed4 ,the ,romans built    
altars ,diis ,asiae1 ,europae1 ,lybiae1 
diis ignotis et peregrinis3 others      
otherwise1 c4 ,plinius ,secundus1 as    
appears by his ,epistle to ,trajan1     
would not have the ,christians so       
persecuted1 and in some time of the     
reign of ,maximinus1 as we find it      
registered in ,eusebius lib4 #i4 cap4   
#i4 there was a decree made to this     
purpose1 ,nullus cogatur invitus ad hunc
 vel illum deorum cultum1 let no one be 
compelled against his will to worship   
any particular deity1 and by            
,constantine in the #aith year of his   
reign as #ffjf;,baronius informeth us1  
,nemo alteri exhibeat molestiam1 quod   
cujusque animus vult1 hoc quisque       
transigat1 new gods1 new lawgivers1 new 
priests1 will have new ceremonies1      
customs and religions1 to which every   
wise man as a good formalist should     
accommodate himself4 #ffjg,saturnus     
periit1 perierunt et sua jura1 ,sub     

,jove nunc mundus1 jussa sequare ,jovis4
  ,the said ,constantine the emperor1 as
 ,eusebius writes1 flung down and       
demolished all the heathen gods1 silver1
 gold statues1 altars1 images and       
temples1 and turned them all to         
,christian churches1 infestus gentilium 
monumentis ludibrio exposuit2 the ,turk 
now converts them again to ,mahometan   
mosques4 ,the like edict came forth in  
the reign of ,arcadius and ,honorius4   
#ffjh,symmachus the orator in his days1 
to procure a general toleration1 used   
this argument1 #ffji;,because ,god is   
immense and infinite1 and his nature    
cannot perfectly be known1 it is        
convenient he should be as diversely    
worshipped1 as every man shall perceive 
or understand4 ,it was impossible1 he   
thought1 for one religion to be         
universal3 you see that one small       
province can hardly be ruled by one law1
 civil or spiritual2 and how shall so   
many distinct and vast empires of the   
world be united into one8 ,it never was1

 never will be ,besides1 if there be    
infinite planetary and firmamental      
worlds1 as #ffajsome will1 there be     
infinite genii or commanding spirits    
belonging to each of them2 and so1 per  
consequens 7for they will be all        
adored71 infinite religions4 ,and       
therefore let every territory keep their
 proper rites and ceremonies1 as their  
dii tutelares will1 so ,tyrius calls    
them1 and according to the quarter they 
hold1 their own institutions1           
revelations1 orders1 oracles1 which they
 dictate from time to time1 or teach    
their own priests or ministers4 ,this   
tenet was stiffly maintained in ,turkey 
not long since1 as you may read in the  
third epistle of ,busbequius1 #ffaathat 
all those should participate of eternal 
happiness1 that lived a holy and        
innocent life1 what religion soever they
 professed4 ,rustan ,bassa was a great  
patron of it2 though ,mahomet himself   
was sent virtute gladdi1 to enforce all1
 as he writes in his ,alcoran1 to follow

 him4 ,some again will approve of this  
for ,jews1 ,gentiles1 infidels1 that are
 out of the fold1 they can be content to
 give them all respect and favour1 but  
by no means to such as are within the   
precincts of our own church1 and called 
,christians1 to no heretics1            
schismatics1 or the like2 let the       
,spanish inquisition1 that fourth fury1 
speak of some of them1 the civil wars   
and massacres in ,france1 our ,marian   
times4 #ffab,magillianus the ,jesuit    
will not admit of conference with a     
heretic1 but severity and rigour to be  
used1 non illis verba reddere1 sed      
furcas1 figere oportet2 and ,theodosius 
is commended in ,nicephorus1 lib4 #ab4  
cap4 #ae4 #ffac,that he put all heretics
 to silence4 ,bernard4 ,epist4 #ahj1    
will have club law1 fire and sword for  
heretics1 #ffad;compel them1 stop their 
mouths not with disputations1 or refute 
them with reasons1 but with fists2 and  
this is their ordinary practice4        
,another company are as mild on the     

other side2 to avoid all heart-burning1 
and contentious wars and uproars1 they  
would have a general toleration in every
 kingdom1 no mulct at all1 no man for   
religion or conscience be put to death1 
which #ffae,thuanus the ,french         
historian much favours2 our late        
,socinians defend2 ,vaticanus against   
,calvin in a large ,treatise in behalf  
of ,servetus1 vindicates2 ,castilio1 c41
 ,martin ,ballius and his companions1   
maintained this opinion not long since  
in ,france1 whose error is confuted by  
,beza in a just volume4 ,the medium is  
best1 and that which ,paul prescribes1  
,gal4 i4 ,if any man shall fall by      
occasion1 to restore such a one with the
 spirit of meekness1 by all fair means1 
gentle admonitions2 but if that will not
 take place1 ,post unam et alteram      
admonitionem haereticum devita1 he must 
be excommunicate1 as ,paul did by       
,hymenaeus1 delivered over to ,satan4   
,immedicabile vulnus ense recidendum    
est4 ,as ,hippocrates said in physic1 ,i

 may well say in divinity1 ,quae ferro  
non curantur1 ignis curat4 ,for the     
vulgar1 restrain them by laws1 mulcts1  
burn their books1 forbid their          
conventicles2 for when the cause is     
taken away1 the effect will soon cease4 
,now for prophets1 dreamers1 and such   
rude silly fellows1 that through        
fasting1 too much meditation1           
preciseness1 or by melancholy1 are      
distempered3 the best means to reduce   
them ad sanam mentem1 is to alter their 
course of life1 and with conference1    
threats1 promises1 persuasions1 to      
intermix physic4 ,hercules de ,saxonia1 
had such a prophet committed to his     
charge in ,venice1 that thought he was  
,elias1 and would fast as he did2 he    
dressed a fellow in angel's attire1 that
 said he came from heaven to bring him  
divine food1 and by that means stayed   
his fast1 administered his physic2 so by
 the meditation of this forged angel he 
was cured4 #ffaf,rhasis an ,arabian1    
cont4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #i1 speaks of a     

fellow that in like case complained to  
him1 and desired his help3 ,i asked him 
7saith he7 what the matter was2 he      
replied1 ,i am continually meditating of
 heaven and hell1 and methinks ,i see   
and talk with fiery spirits1 and smell  
brimstone1 c41 and am so carried away   
with these conceits1 that ,i can neither
 eat1 nor sleep1 nor go about my        
business3 ,i cured him 7saith ,rhasis7  
partly by persuasion1 partly by physic1 
and so have ,i done by many others4 ,we 
have frequently such prophets and       
dreamers amongst us1 whom we persecute  
with fire and faggot3 ,i think the most 
compendious cure1 for some of them at   
least1 had been in ,bedlam4 ,sed de his 
satis4  ,,memb4 ,,ii4  ,,subsect4       
,i4--,religious ,melancholy in defect2  
parties affected1 ,epicures1 ,atheists1 
,hypocrites1 worldly secure1            
,carnalists2 all impious persons1       
impenitent sinners1 c4  ,in that other  
extreme or defect of this love of ,god1 
knowledge1 faith1 fear1 hope1 c4 are    

such as err both in doctrine and        
manners1 ,sadducees1 ,herodians1        
libertines1 politicians3 all manner of  
atheists1 epicures1 infidels1 that are  
secure1 in a reprobate sense1 fear not  
,god at all1 and such are too           
distrustful and timorous1 as desperate  
persons be4 ,that grand sin of atheism  
or impiety1 #ffag,melancthon calls it   
monstrosam melancholiam1 monstrous      
melancholy2 or venenatam melancholiam1  
poisoned melancholy4 ,a company of      
,cyclops or giants1 that war with the   
gods1 as the poets feigned1 antipodes to
 ,christians1 that scoff at all         
religion1 at ,god himself1 deny him and 
all his attributes1 his wisdom1 power1  
providence1 his mercy and judgment4     
#ffah;,esse aliquos manes1 et           
subterranea regna1 ,et contum1 et       
,stygio ranas in gurgite nigras1 ,atque 
una transire vadum tot millia cymba1    
,nec pueri credunt1 nisi qui nondum aere
 lavantur4  ,that there is either heaven
 or hell1 resurrection of the dead1     

pain1 happiness1 or world to come1      
credat ,judaeus ,apella2 for their parts
 they esteem them as so many poet's     
tales1 bugbears1 ,lucian's ,alexander2  
,moses1 ,mahomet1 and ,christ are all as
 one in their creed4 ,when those bloody 
wars in ,france for matters of religion 
7saith #ffai,richard ,dinoth7 were so   
violently pursued between ,huguenots and
 ,papists1 there was a company of good  
fellows laughed them all to scorn1 for  
being such superstitious fools1 to lose 
their wives and fortunes1 accounting    
faith1 religion1 immortality of the     
soul1 mere fopperies and illusions4     
,such loose #ffbj;atheistical spirits   
are too predominant in all kingdoms4    
,let them contend1 pray1 tremble1       
trouble themselves that will1 for their 
parts1 they fear neither ,god nor devil2
 but with that ,cyclops in ,euripides1  
,haud ulla numina expavescunt caelitum1 
,sed victimas uni deorum maximo1 ,ventri
 offerunt1 deos ignorant caeteros4      
,they fear no ,god but one1 ,they       

sacrifice to none4 ,but belly1 and him  
adore1 ,for gods they know no more4     
,their ,god is their belly1 as ,paul    
saith1 ,sancta mater saturitas2--quibus 
in solo vivendi causa palato est4 ,the  
idol1 which they worship and adore1 is  
their mistress2 with him in ,plautus1   
mallem haec mulier me amet quam dii1    
they had rather have her favour than the
 gods'4 ,satan is their guide1 the flesh
 is their instructor1 hypocrisy their   
counsellor1 vanity their fellow-soldier1
 their will their law1 ambition their   
captain1 custom their rule2 temerity1   
boldness1 impudence their art1 toys     
their trading1 damnation their end4 ,all
 their endeavours are to satisfy their  
lust and appetite1 how to please their  
genius1 and to be merry for the present1
 ,ede1 lude1 bibe1 post mortem nulla    
voluptas4#ffba,the same condition is of 
men and of beasts2 as the one dieth1 so 
dieth the other1 ,eccles4 iii4 #ai4 ,the
 world goes round1 #ffbb------truditur  
dies die1 ,novaeque pergunt interire    

,lunae3  #ffbc,they did eat and drink of
 old1 marry1 bury1 bought1 sold1        
planted1 built1 and will do still4      
#ffbd,our life is short and tedious1 and
 in the death of a man there is no      
recovery1 neither was any man known that
 hath returned from the grave2 for we   
are born at all adventure1 and we shall 
be hereafter as though we had never     
been2 for the breath is as smoke in our 
nostrils1 c41 and the spirit vanisheth  
as the soft air4 #ffbe;,come let us     
enjoy the pleasures that are present1   
let us cheerfully use the creatures as  
in youth1 let us fill ourselves with    
costly wine and ointments1 let not the  
flower of our life pass by us1 let us   
crown ourselves with rose-buds before   
they are withered1 c4 #ffbf,vivamus mea 
,lesbia et amemus1 c4 #ffbg ,come let us
 take our fill of love1 and pleasure in 
dalliance1 for this is our portion1 this
 is our lot4 ,tempora labuntur1         
tacitisque senescimus annis4#ffbh ,for  
the rest of heaven and hell1 let        

children and superstitious fools believe
 it3 for their parts1 they are so far   
from trembling at the dreadful day of   
judgment that they wish with ,nero1 ,me 
vivo fiat1 let it come in their times3  
so secure1 so desperate1 so immoderate  
in lust and pleasure1 so prone to       
revenge that1 as ,paterculus said of    
some caitiffs in his time in ,rome1     
,quod nequiter ausi1 fortiter executi3  
it shall not be so wickedly attempted1  
but as desperately performed1 whatever  
they take in hand4 ,were it not for     
,god's restraining grace1 fear and      
shame1 temporal punishment1 and their   
own infamy1 they would4 ,lycaon-like    
exenterate1 as so many cannibals eat up1
 or ,cadmus' soldiers consume one       
another4 ,these are most impious1 and   
commonly professed atheists1 that never 
use the name of ,god but to swear by it2
 that express nought else but epicurism 
in their carriage1 or hypocrisy2 with   
,pentheus they neglect and contemn these
 rites and religious ceremonies of the  

gods2 they will be gods themselves1 or  
at least socii deorum4 ,divisum imperium
 cum ,jove ,caesar habet4 ,caesar       
divides the empire with ,jove4 ,aproyis1
 an ,egyptian tyrant1 grew1 saith       
#ffbi;,herodotus1 to that height of     
pride1 insolency of impiety1 to that    
contempt of ,gods and men1 that he held 
his kingdom so sure1 ut a nemine deorum 
aut hominum sibi eripi posset1 neither  
,god nor men could take it from him4    
#ffcj;,a certain blasphemous king of    
,spain 7as #ffca,lansius reports7 made  
an edict1 that no subject of his1 for   
ten years' space1 should believe in1    
call on1 or worship any god4 ,and as    
#ffcb;,jovius relates of ,mahomet the   
,second1 that sacked ,constantinople1 he
 so behaved himself1 that he believed   
neither ,christ nor ,mahomet2 and thence
 it came to pass1 that he kept his word 
and promise no farther than for his     
advantage1 neither did he care to commit
 any offence to satisfy his lust4 ,i    
could say the like of many princes1 many

 private men 7our stories are full of   
them7 in times past1 this present age1  
that love1 fear1 obey1 and perform all  
civil duties as they shall find them    
expedient or behoveful to their own     
ends4 ,securi adversus ,deos1 securi    
adversus homines1 votis non est opus1   
which #ffcc ,tacitus reports of some    
,germans1 they need not pray1 fear1     
hope1 for they are secure1 to their     
thinking1 both from ,gods and men4      
,bulco ,opiliensis1 sometime ,duke of   
#ffcd,silesia1 was such a one to a hair2
 he lived 7saith #ffce;,aeneas ,sylvius7
 at #ffcf,vratislavia1 and was so mad to
 satisfy his lust1 that he believed     
neither heaven nor hell1 or that the    
soul was immortal1 but married wives1   
and turned them up as he thought fit1   
did murder and mischief1 and what he    
list himself4 ,this duke hath too many  
followers in our days3 say what you can1
 dehort1 exhort1 persuade to the        
contrary1 they are no more moved1--quam 
si dura1 silex aut stet ,marpesia       

cautes1 than so many stocks1 and stones2
 tell them of heaven and hell1 'tis to  
no purpose1 laterem lavas1 they answer  
as ,ataliba that ,indian prince did     
friar ,vincent1 #ffcgwhen he brought him
 a book1 and told him all the mysteries 
of salvation1 heaven and hell1 were     
contained in it3 he looked upon it1 and 
said he saw no such matter1 asking      
withal1 how he knew it3 they will but   
scoff at it1 or wholly reject it4       
,petronius in ,tacitus1 when he was now 
by ,nero's command bleeding to death1   
audiebat amicos nihil referentes de     
immortalitate animae1 aut sapientum     
placitis1 sed levia carmina et faciles  
versus2 instead of good counsel and     
divine meditations1 he made his friends 
sing him bawdy verses and scurrilous    
songs4 ,let them take heaven1 paradise1 
and that future happiness that will1    
bonum est esse hic1 it is good being    
here3 there is no talking to such1 no   
hope of their conversion1 they are in a 
reprobate sense1 mere carnalists1       

fleshly minded men1 which howsoever they
 may be applauded in this life by some  
few parasites1 and held for worldly wise
 men4 #ffch,they seem to me 7saith      
,melancthon7 to be as mad as ,hercules  
was when he raved and killed his wife   
and children4 ,a milder sort of these   
atheistical spirits there are that      
profess religion1 but timide et         
haesitanter1 tempted thereunto out of   
that horrible consideration of diversity
 of religions1 which are and have been  
in the world 7which argument            
,campanella1 ,atheismi ,triumphati1 cap4
 #i4 both urgeth and answers71 besides  
the covetousness1 imposture1 and knavery
 of priests1 quae faciunt 7as           
#ffci,postellus observes7 ut rebus      
sacris minus faciant fidem2 and those   
religions some of them so fantastical1  
exorbitant1 so violently maintained with
 equal constancy and assurance2 whence  
they infer1 that if there be so many    
religious sects1 and denied by the rest1
 why may they not be all false8 or why  

should this or that be preferred before 
the rest8 ,the sceptics urge this1 and  
amongst others it is the conclusion of  
,sextus ,empericus1 lib4 #c4 advers4    
,mathematicos3 after many philosophical 
arguments and reasons pro and con that  
there are gods1 and again that there are
 no gods1 he so concludes1 cum tot inter
 se pugnent1 c4 ,una tantum potest esse 
vera1 as ,tully likewise disputes3      
,christians say1 they alone worship the 
true ,god1 pity all other sects1 lament 
their case2 and yet those old ,greeks   
and ,romans that worshipped the devil1  
as the ,chinese now do1 aut deos        
topicos1 their own gods2 as ,julian the 
apostate1 #ffdj;,cecilius in ,minutius1 
,celsus and ,porphyrius the philosopher 
object3 and as ,machiavel contends1 were
 much more noble1 generous1 victorious1 
had a more flourishing commonwealth1    
better cities1 better soldiers1 better  
scholars1 better wits4 ,their gods      
overcame our gods1 did as many miracles1
 c4 ,saint ,cyril1 ,arnobius1 ,minutius1

 with many other ancients of late1      
,lessius1 ,morneus1 ,grotius de ,verit4 
,relig4 ,christianae1 ,savanarola de    
,verit4 ,fidei ,christianae1 well       
defend2 but ,zanchius1                  
#ffda;,campanella1 ,marinus ,marcennus1 
,bozius1 and ,gentillettus answer all   
these atheistical arguments at large4   
,but this again troubles many as of old1
 wicked men generally thrive1 professed 
atheists thrive1 #ffdb,nullos esse      
,deos1 inane coelum1 ,affirmat ,selius3 
probatque1 quod se ,factum1 dum negat   
haec1 videt beatum4  ,there are no gods1
 heavens are toys1 ,selius in public    
justifies2 ,because that whilst he thus 
denies ,their deities1 he better        
thrives4  ,this is a prime argument3 and
 most part your most sincere1 upright1  
honest1 and #ffdc;good men are          
depressed1 ,the race is not to the      
swift1 nor the battle to the strong     
7,eccles4 ix4 #aa471 nor yet bread to   
the wise1 favour nor riches to men of   
understanding1 but time and chance comes

 to all4 ,there was a great plague in   
,athens 7as ,thucydides1 lib4 #b4       
relates71 in which at last every man1   
with great licentiousness1 did what he  
list1 not caring at all for ,god's or   
men's laws4 ,neither the fear of ,god   
nor laws of men 7saith he7 awed any man1
 because the plague swept all away      
alike1 good and bad2 they thence        
concluded it was alike to worship or not
 worship the gods1 since they perished  
all alike4 ,some cavil and make doubts  
of scripture itself3 it cannot stand    
with ,god's mercy1 that so many should  
be damned1 so many bad1 so few good1    
such have and hold about religions1 all 
stiff on their side1 factious alike1    
thrive alike1 and yet bitterly          
persecuting and damning each other2 ,it 
cannot stand with ,god's goodness1      
protection1 and providence 7as          
#ffdd,saint ,chrysostom in the ,dialect 
of such discontented persons7 to see and
 suffer one man to be lame1 another mad1
 a third poor and miserable all the days

 of his life1 a fourth grievously       
tormented with sickness and aches1 to   
his last hour4 ,are these signs and     
works of ,god's providence1 to let one  
man be deaf1 another dumb8 ,a poor      
honest fellow lives in disgrace1 woe and
 want1 wretched he is2 when as a wicked 
caitiff abounds in superfluity of       
wealth1 keeps whores1 parasites1 and    
what he will himself3 ,audis ,jupiter   
haec8 ,talia multa connectentes1 longum 
reprehensionis sermonem erga ,dei       
providentiam contexunt4 #ffde,thus they 
mutter and object 7see the rest of their
 arguments in ,marcennus in ,genesin1   
and in ,campanella1 amply confuted71    
with many such vain cavils1 well known1 
not worthy the recapitulation or        
answering3 whatsoever they pretend1 they
 are interim of little or no religion4  
,cousin-germans to these men are many of
 our great philosophers and deists1 who1
 though they be more temperate in this  
life1 give many good moral precepts1    
honest1 upright1 and sober in their     

conversation1 yet in effect they are the
 same 7accounting no man a good scholar 
that is not an atheist71 nimis altum    
sapiunt1 too much learning makes them   
mad4 ,whilst they attribute all to      
natural causes1 #ffdf;contingence of all
 things1 as ,melancthon calls them1     
,pertinax hominum genus1 a peevish      
generation of men1 that misled by       
philosophy1 and the devil's suggestion1 
their own innate blindness1 deny ,god as
 much as the rest1 hold all religion a  
fiction1 opposite to reason and         
philosophy1 though for fear of          
magistrates1 saith #ffdg,vaninus1 they  
durst not publicly profess it4 ,ask one 
of them of what religion he is1 he      
scoffingly replies1 a philosopher1 a    
,galenist1 an #ffdh;,averroist1 and with
 ,rabelais a physician1 a peripatetic1  
an epicure4 ,in spiritual things ,god   
must demonstrate all to sense1 leave a  
pawn with them1 or else seek some other 
creditor4 ,they will acknowledge ,nature
 and ,fortune1 yet not ,god3 though in  

effect they grant both3 for as ,scaliger
 defines1 ,nature signifies ,god's      
ordinary power2 or1 as ,calvin writes1  
,nature is ,god's order1 and so things  
extraordinary may be called unnatural3  
,fortune his unrevealed will2 and so we 
call things changeable that are beside  
reason and expectation4 ,to this purpose
 #ffdi,minutius in ,octavio1 and #ffej  
,seneca well discourseth with them1 lib4
 #d4 de beneficiis1 cap4 #e1 #f1 #g4    
,they do not understand what they say2  
what is ,nature but ,god8 call him what 
thou wilt1 ,nature1 ,jupiter1 he hath as
 many names as offices3 it comes all to 
one pass1 ,god is the fountain of all1  
the first ,giver and ,preserver1 from   
whom all things depend1 #ffea;a quo1 et 
per quem omnia1 ,nam quocunque vides    
,deus est1 quocunque moveris1 ,god is   
all in all1 ,god is everywhere1 in every
 place4 ,and yet this ,seneca1 that     
could confute and blame them1 is all out
 as much to be blamed and confuted      
himself1 as mad himself2 for he holds   

fatum ,stoicum1 that inevitable         
,necessity in the other extreme1 as     
those ,chaldean astrologers of old did1 
against whom the prophet ,jeremiah so   
often thunders1 and those heathen       
mathematicians1 ,nigidius ,figulus1     
magicians1 and ,priscilianists1 whom    
,st4 ,austin so eagerly confutes1 those 
,arabian questionaries1 ,novem ,judices1
 ,albumazer1 ,dorotheus1 c41 and our    
countryman #ffeb;,estuidus1 that take   
upon them to define out of those great  
conjunction of stars1 with ,ptolomeus1  
the periods of kingdoms1 or religions1  
of all future accidents1 wars1 plagues1 
schisms1 heresies1 and what not8 all    
from stars1 and such things1 saith      
,maginus1 ,quae sibi et intelligentiis  
suis reservavit ,deus1 which ,god hath  
reserved to himself and his angels1 they
 will take upon them to foretell1 as if 
stars were immediate1 inevitable causes 
of all future accidents4 ,caesar        
,vaninus1 in his book de admirandis     
naturae ,arcanis1 dial4 #eb4 de         

oraculis1 is more free1 copious1 and    
open1 in this explication of this       
astrological tenet of ,ptolemy1 than any
 of our modern writers1 ,cardan         
excepted1 a true disciple of his master 
,pomponatius2 according to the doctrine 
of ,peripatetics1 he refers all         
apparitions1 prodigies1 miracles1       
oracles1 accidents1 alterations of      
religions1 kingdoms1 c4 7for which he is
 soundly lashed by ,marinus ,mercennus1 
as well he deserves71 to natural causes 
7for spirits he will not acknowledge71  
to that light1 motion1 influences of    
heavens and stars1 and to the           
intelligences that move the orbs4       
,intelligentia quae1 movet orbem        
mediante coelo1 c4 ,intelligences do    
all3 and after a long discourse of      
miracles done of old1 si haec daemones  
possint1 cur non et intelligentiae1     
coelorum motrices8 ,and as these great  
conjunctions1 aspects of planets1 begin 
or end1 vary1 are vertical and          
predominant1 so have religions1 rites1  

ceremonies1 and kingdoms their          
beginning1 progress1 periods1 in        
urbibus1 regibus1 religionibus1 ac in   
particularibus hominibus1 haec vera ac  
manifesta1 sunt1 ut ,aristoteles innuere
 videtur1 et quotidiana docet           
experientia1 ut historias perlegens     
videbit2 quid olim in ,gentili lege     
,jove sanctius et illustrius8 quid nunc 
vile magis et execrandum8 ,ita coelestia
 corpora pro mortalium beneficio        
religiones aedificant1 et cum cessat    
influxus1 cessat lex1#ffec c4 ,and      
because1 according to their tenets1 the 
world is eternal1 intelligences eternal1
 influences of stars eternal1 kingdoms1 
religions1 alterations shall be likewise
 eternal1 and run round after many ages2
 ,atque iterum ad ,troiam magnus        
mittetur ,achilles2 renascentur         
religiones1 et ceremoniae1 res humanae  
in idem recident1 nihil nunc quod non   
olim fuit1 et post saeculorum           
revolutiones alias est1 erit1#ffed;c4   
idem specie1 saith ,vaninus1 non        

individuo quod ,plato significavit4     
,these 7saith mine #ffee;author71 these 
are the decrees of ,peripatetics1 which 
though ,i recite1 in obsequium          
,christianae fidei detestor1 as ,i am a 
,christian ,i detest and hate4 ,thus    
,peripatetics and astrologians held in  
former times1 and to this effect of old 
in ,rome1 saith ,dionysius              
,halicarnassus1 lib4 #g1 when those     
meteors and prodigies appeared in the   
air1 after the banishment of            
,coriolanus1 #ffef ,men were diversely  
affected3 some said they were ,god's    
just judgments for the execution of that
 good man1 some referred all to natural 
causes1 some to stars1 some thought they
 came by chance1 some by necessity      
decreed ab initio1 and could not be     
altered4 ,the two last opinions of      
necessity and chance were1 it seems1 of 
greater note than the rest4 #ffeg,sunt  
qui in ,fortunae jam casibus omnia      
ponunt1 ,et mundum credunt nullo rectore
 moveri1 ,natura1 volvente vices1 c4    

,for the first of chance1 as            
#ffeh,sallust likewise informeth us1    
those old ,romans generally received2   
,they supposed fortune alone gave       
kingdoms and empires1 wealth1 honours1  
offices3 and that for two causes2 first1
 because every wicked base unworthy     
wretch was preferred1 rich1 potent1 c42 
secondly1 because of their uncertainty1 
though never so good1 scarce any one    
enjoyed them long3 but after1 they began
 upon better advice to think otherwise1 
that every man made his own fortune4    
,the last of ,necessity was ,seneca's   
tenet1 that ,god was alligatus causis   
secundis1 so tied to second causes1 to  
that inexorable ,necessity1 that he     
could alter nothing of that which was   
once decreed2 sic erat in fatis1 it     
cannot be altered1 semel jussit1 semper 
paret ,deus1 nulla vis rumpit1 nullae   
preces1 nec ipsum fulmen1 ,god hath once
 said it1 and it must for ever stand    
good1 no prayers1 no threats1 nor power1
 nor thunder itself can alter it4 ,zeno1

 ,chrysippus1 and those other ,stoics1  
as you may read in ,tully #b4 de        
divinatione1 ,gellius1 lib4 #f4 cap4 #b4
 c41 maintained as much4 ,in all ages1  
there have been such1 that either deny  
,god in all1 or in part2 some deride    
him1 they could have made a better      
world1 and ruled it more orderly        
themselves1 blaspheme him1 derogate at  
their pleasure from him4 ',twas so in   
#ffei,plato's time1 ,some say there be  
no gods1 others that they care not for  
men1 a middle sort grant both4 ,si non  
sit ,deus1 unde mala8 si sit ,deus1 unde
 mala8 ,so ,cotta argues in ,tully1 why 
made he not all good1 or at least       
tenders not the welfare of such as are  
good8 ,as the woman told ,alexander1 if 
he be not at leisure to hear causes1 and
 redress them1 why doth he reign8       
#fffj,sextus ,empericus hath many such  
arguments4 ,thus perverse men cavil4 ,so
 it will ever be1 some of all sorts1    
good1 bad1 indifferent1 true1 false1    
zealous1 ambidexters1 neutralists1      

lukewarm1 libertines1 atheists1 c4 ,they
 will see these religious sectaries     
agree amongst themselves1 be reconciled 
all1 before they will participate with1 
or believe any3 they think in the       
meantime 7which #fffa;,celsus objects1  
and whom ,origen confutes71 ,we         
,christians adore a person put to       
#fffb;death with no more reason than the
 barbarous ,getes worshipped ,zamolxis1 
the ,cilicians ,mopsus1 the ,thebans    
,amphiaraus1 and the ,lebadians         
,trophonius2 one religion is as true as 
another1 new fangled devices1 all for   
human respects2 great-witted            
,aristotle's works are as much          
authentical to them as ,scriptures1     
subtle ,seneca's ,epistles as canonical 
as ,st4 ,paul's1 ,pindarus' ,odes as    
good as the ,prophet ,david's ,psalms1  
,epictetus' ,enchiridion equivalent to  
wise ,solomon's ,proverbs4 ,they do     
openly and boldly speak this and more1  
some of them1 in all places and         
companies4 #fffc;,claudius the emperor  

was angry with ,heaven1 because it      
thundered1 and challenged ,jupiter into 
the field2 with what madness6 saith     
,seneca2 he thought ,jupiter could not  
hurt him1 but he could hurt ,jupiter4   
,diagoras1 ,demonax1 ,epicurus1 ,pliny1 
,lucian1 ,lucretius1--,contemptorque    
,deum ,mezentius1 professed atheists all
 in their times3 though not simple      
atheists neither1 as ,cicogna proves1   
lib4 #a4 cap4 #a4 they scoffed only at  
those ,pagan gods1 their plurality1 base
 and fictitious offices4 ,gilbertus     
,cognatus labours much1 and so doth     
,erasmus1 to vindicate ,lucian from     
scandal1 and there be those that        
apologise for ,epicurus1 but all in     
vain2 ,lucian scoffs at all1 ,epicurus  
he denies all1 and ,lucretius his       
scholar defends him in it3 #fffd;,humana
 ante oculua foede cum vita jaceret ,in 
terris oppressa gravi cum religione1    
,quae caput a coeli regionibus          
ostendebat1 ,horribili super aspectu    
mortalibus instans1 c4  ,when human kind

 was drench'd in superstition1 ,with    
ghastly looks aloft1 which frighted     
mortal men1 c4  ,he alone1 like another 
,hercules1 did vindicate the world from 
that monster4 ,uncle #fffe,pliny1 lib4  
#b4 cap4 #g4 nat4 hist4 and lib4 #g4    
cap4 #ee1 in express words denies the   
immortality of the soul4 #ffff,seneca   
doth little less1 lib4 #g4 epist4 #ee4  
ad ,lucilium1 et lib4 de consol4 ad     
,martiam1 or rather more4 ,some ,greek  
,commentators would put as much upon    
,job1 that he should deny resurrection1 
c41 whom ,pineda copiously confutes in  
cap4 #g4 ,job1 vers4 #i4 ,aristotle is  
hardly censured of some1 both divines   
and philosophers4 ,st4 ,justin in       
,peraenetica ad ,gentes1 ,greg4         
,nazianzen4 in disput4 adversus ,eun41  
,theodoret1 lib4 #e4 de curat4 graec4   
affec41 ,origen4 lib4 de principiis4    
,pomponatius justifies in his ,tract 7so
 styled at least7 ,de immortalitate     
,animae1 ,scaliger 7who would forswear  
himself at any time1 saith ,patritius1  

in defence of his great master          
,aristotle71 and ,dandinus1 lib4 #c4 de 
anima1 acknowledge as much4 ,averroes   
oppugns all spirits and supreme powers2 
of late ,brunus 7infelix ,brunus1       
#fffg,kepler calls him71 ,machiavel1    
,caesar ,vaninus lately burned at       
,toulouse in ,france1 and ,pet4         
,aretine1 have publicly maintained such 
atheistical paradoxes1 #fffhwith that   
,italian ,boccaccio with his fable of   
three rings1 c41 ex quo infert haud     
posse internosci1 quae sit verior       
religio1 ,judaica1 ,mahometana1 an      
,christiana1 quoniam eadem signa1 c41   
from which he infers1 that it cannot be 
distinguished which is the true         
religion1 ,judaism1 ,mahommedanism1 or  
,christianity1 c4 #fffi,marinus         
,mercennus suspects ,cardan for his     
subtleties1 ,campanella1 and ,charron's 
,book of ,wisdom1 with some other       
,tracts1 to savour of #ffgj;atheism3 but
 amongst the rest that pestilent book de
 tribus mundi impostoribus1 quem sine   

horrore 7inquit7 non legas1 et mundi    
,cymbalum dialogis quatuor contentum1   
anno #aech1 auctore ,peresio1 ,parisiis 
excusum1 #ffga;c4 ,and as there have    
been in all ages such blasphemous       
spirits1 so there have not been wanting 
their patrons1 protectors1 disciples and
 adherents4 ,never so many atheists in  
,italy and ,germany1 saith              
#ffgb;,colerus1 as in this age3 the like
 complaint ,mercennus makes in ,france1 
#ej1jjj in that one city of ,paris4     
,frederic the ,emperor1 as #ffgc,matthew
 ,paris records licet non sit recitabile
 7,i use his own words7 is reported to  
have said1 ,tres praestigiatores1       
,moses1 ,christus1 et ,mahomet1 uti     
mundo dominarentur1 totum populum sibi  
contemporaneum se duxisse4 7,henry1 the 
,landgrave of ,hesse1 heard him speak   
it17 ,si principes imperii institutioni 
meae adhaererent1 ego multo meliorem    
modum credendi et vivendi ordinarem4 ,to
 these professed atheists1 we may well  
add that impious and carnal crew of     

worldly-minded men1 impenitent sinners1 
that go to hell in a lethargy1 or in a  
dream2 who though they be professed     
,christians1 yet they will nulla        
pallescere culpa1 make a conscience of  
nothing they do1 they have cauterised   
consciences1 and are indeed in a        
reprobate sense1 past all feeling1 have 
given themselves over to wantonness1 to 
work all manner of uncleanness even with
 greediness1 ,ephes4 iv4 #ai4 ,they do  
know there is a ,god1 a day of judgment 
to come1 and yet for all that1 as ,hugo 
saith1 ita comedunt ac dormiunt1 ac si  
diem judicii evasissent2 ita ludunt ac  
rident1 ac si in coelis cum ,deo        
regnarent3 they are as merry for all the
 sorrow1 as if they had escaped all     
dangers1 and were in heaven already3    
#ffgd------,metus omnes1 et inexorabile 
fatum ,subjecit pedibus1 strepitumque   
,acherontis avari4  ,those rude idiots  
and ignorant persons1 that neglect and  
contemn the means of their salvation1   
may march on with these2 but above all  

others1 those ,herodian temporizing     
statesmen1 political ,machiavellians and
 hypocrites1 that make a show of        
religion1 but in their hearts laugh at  
it4 ,simulata sanctitas duplex          
iniquitas2 they are in a double fault1  
that fashion themselves to this world1  
which #ffge,paul forbids1 and like      
,mercury1 the planet1 are good with     
good1 bad with bad4 ,when they are at   
,rome1 they do there as they see done1  
puritans with puritans1 papists with    
papists2 omnium horarum homines1        
formalists1 ambidexters1 lukewarm       
,laodiceans4 #ffgf;,all their study is  
to please1 and their god is their       
commodity1 their labour to satisfy their
 lusts1 and their endeavours to their   
own ends4 ,whatsoever they pretend1 or  
in public seem to do1 #ffgg,with the    
fool in their hearts1 they say there is 
no ,god4 ,heus tu--de ,jove quid sentis8
 ,hulloa6 what is your opinion about a  
,jupiter8 ,their words are as soft as   
oil1 but bitterness is in their hearts2 

like #ffgh;,alexander ,,vi4 so cunning  
dissemblers1 that what they think they  
never speak4 ,many of them are so close1
 you can hardly discern it1 or take any 
just exceptions at them2 they are not   
factious1 oppressors as most are1 no    
bribers1 no simoniacal contractors1 no  
such ambitious1 lascivious persons as   
some others are1 no drunkards1 sobrii   
solem vident orientem1 sobrii vident    
occidentem1 they rise sober1 and go     
sober to bed1 plain dealing1 upright1   
honest men1 they do wrong to no man1 and
 are so reputed in the world's esteem at
 least1 very zealous in religion1 very  
charitable1 meek1 humble1 peace-makers1 
keep all duties1 very devout1 honest1   
well spoken of1 beloved of all men3 but 
he that knows better how to judge1 he   
that examines the heart1 saith they are 
hypocrites1 ,cor dolo plenum2 sonant    
vitium percussa maligne1 they are not   
sound within4 ,as it is with writers    
#ffgioftentimes1 ,plus sanctimoniae1 in 
libello1 quam libelli auctore1 more     

holiness is in the book than in the     
author of it3 so 'tis with them3 many   
come to church with great ,bibles1 whom 
,cardan said he could not choose but    
laugh at1 and will now and then dare    
operam ,augustino1 read ,austin1        
frequent sermons1 and yet professed     
usurers1 mere gripes1 tota vitae ratio  
epicurea est2 all their life is         
epicurism and atheism1 come to church   
all day1 and lie with a courtesan at    
night4 ,qui curios simulant et          
,bacchanalia vivunt1 they have ,esau's  
hands1 and ,jacob's voice3 yea1 and many
 of those holy friars1 sanctified men1  
,cappam1 saith ,hierom1 et cilicium     
induunt1 sed intus latronem tegunt4     
,they are wolves in sheep's clothing1   
,introrsum turpes1 speciosi pelle       
decora1 ,fair without1 and most foul    
within4 #ffhj,latet plerumque sub tristi
 amictu lascivia1 et deformis horror    
vili veste tegitur2 ofttimes under a    
mourning weed lies lust itself1 and     
horrible vices under a poor coat4 ,but  

who can examine all those kinds of      
hypocrites1 or dive into their hearts8 f
 we may guess at the tree by the fruit1 
never so many as in these days2 show me 
a plain-dealing true honest man3 ,et    
pudor1 et probitas1 et timor omnis      
abest4 ,he that shall but look into     
their lives1 and see such enormous      
vices1 men so immoderate in lust1       
unspeakable in malice1 furious in their 
rage1 flattering and dissembling 7all   
for their own ends7 will surely think   
they are not truly religious1 but of an 
obdurate heart1 most part in a reprobate
 sense1 as in this age4 ,but let them   
carry it as they will for the present1  
dissemble as they can1 a time will come 
when they shall be called to an account1
 their melancholy is at hand1 they pull 
a plague and curse upon their own heads1
 thesaurisant iram ,dei4 ,besides all   
such as are in deos contumeliosi1       
blaspheme1 contemn1 neglect ,god1 or    
scoff at him1 as the poets feign of     
,salmoneus1 that would in derision      

imitate ,jupiter's thunder1 he was      
precipitated for his pains1 ,jupiter    
intonuit contra1 c4 so shall they       
certainly rue it in the end1 7#ffha;in  
se spuit1 qui in coelum spuit71 their   
doom's at hand1 and hell is ready to    
receive them4 ,some are of opinion1 that
 it is in vain to dispute with such     
atheistical spirits in the meantime1    
'tis not the best way to reclaim them4  
,atheism1 idolatry1 heresy1 hypocrisy1  
though they have one common root1 that  
is indulgence to corrupt affection1 yet 
their growth is different1 they have    
divers symptoms1 occasions1 and must    
have several cures and remedies4 ',tis  
true some deny there is any ,god1 some  
confess1 yet believe it not2 a third    
sort confess and believe1 but will not  
live after his laws1 worship and obey   
him3 others allow ,god and gods         
subordinate1 but not one ,god1 no such  
general ,god1 non talem deum1 but       
several topic gods for several places1  
and those not to persecute one another  

for any difference1 as ,socinus will1   
but rather love and cherish4 ,to        
describe them in particular1 to produce 
their arguments and reasons1 would      
require a just volume1 ,i refer them    
therefore that expect a more ample      
satisfaction1 to those subtle and       
elaborate treatises1 devout and famous  
tracts of our learned divines 7schoolmen
 amongst the rest1 and casuists7 that   
have abundance of reasons to prove there
 is a ,god1 the immortality of the soul1
 c41 out of the strength of wit and     
philosophy bring irrefragable arguments 
to such as are ingenuous and well       
disposed2 at the least1 answer all      
cavils and objections to confute their  
folly and madness1 and to reduce them1  
si fieri posset1 ad sanam mentem1 to a  
better mind1 though to small purpose    
many times4 ,amongst others consult with
 ,julius ,caesar ,lagalla1 professor of 
philosophy in ,rome1 who hath written a 
large volume of late to confute         
atheists3 of the immortality of the     

soul1 ,hierom4 ,montanus de             
immortalitate ,animae3 ,lelius          
,vincentius of the same subject3 ,thomas
 ,giaminus1 and ,franciscus ,collius de 
,paganorum animabus post mortem1 a      
famous doctor of the ,ambrosian ,college
 in ,milan4 ,bishop ,fotherby in his    
,atheomastix1 ,doctor ,dove1 ,doctor    
,jackson1 ,abernethy1 ,corderoy1 have   
written well of this subject in our     
mother tongue3 in ,latin1 ,colerus1     
,zanchius1 ,palearius1 ,illyricus1      
#ffhb,philippus1 ,faber ,faventinus1 c4 
,but instar omnium1 the most copious    
confuter of atheists is ,marinus        
,mercennus in his ,commentaries on      
,genesis3 #ffhcwith ,campanella's       
,atheismus ,triumphatus4 ,he sets down  
at large the causes of this brutish     
passion1 7seventeen in number ,i take   
it7 answers all their arguments and     
sophisms1 which he reduceth to          
twenty-six heads1 proving withal his own
 assertion2 ,there is a ,god1 such a    
,god1 the true and sole ,god1 by        

thirty-five reasons4 ,his ,colophon is  
how to resist and repress atheism1 and  
to that purpose he adds four especial   
means or ways1 which who so will may    
profitably peruse4  ,,subsect4          
,,ii4--,despair4 ,despairs1             
,equivocations1 ,definitions1 ,parties  
and ,parts affected4  ,there be many    
kinds of desperation1 whereof some be   
holy1 some unholy1 as #ffhdone          
distinguisheth2 that unholy he defines  
out of ,tully to be ,aegritudinem animi 
sine ulla rerum expectatione meliore1 a 
sickness of the soul without any hope or
 expectation of amendment2 which        
commonly succeeds fear2 for whilst evil 
is expected1 we fear3 but when it is    
certain1 we despair4 ,according to      
,thomas #b4 #b;ae4 distinct4 #dj4 art4  
#d4 it is ,recessus a re desiderata1    
propter impossibilitatem existimatam1 a 
restraint from the thing desired1 for   
some impossibility supposed4 ,because   
they cannot obtain what they would1 they
 become desperate1 and many times either

 yield to the passion by death itself1  
or else attempt impossibilities1 not to 
be performed by men4 ,in some cases1    
this desperate humour is not much to be 
discommended1 as in wars it is a cause  
many times of extraordinary valour2 as  
,joseph1 lib4 #a4 de bello ,jud4 cap4   
#ad4 ,l4 ,danaeus in ,aphoris4 polit4   
pag4 #bbf4 and many politicians hold4   
,it makes them improve their worth      
beyond itself1 and of a forlorn impotent
 company become conquerors in a moment4 
,una salus victis nullam sperare        
salutem1 the only hope for the conquered
 is despair4 ,in such courses when they 
see no remedy1 but that they must either
 kill or be killed1 they take courage1  
and oftentimes1 praeter spem1 beyond all
 hope vindicate themselves4 ,fifteen    
thousand ,locrenses fought against a    
hundred thousand ,crotonienses1 and     
seeing now no way but one1 they must all
 die1 #ffhethought they would not depart
 unrevenged1 and thereupon desperately  
giving an assault1 conquered their      

enemies4 ,nec alia causa victoriae1     
7saith ,justin mine author7 quam quod   
desperaverant4 ,william the ,conqueror1 
when he first landed in ,england1 sent  
back his ships1 that his soldiers might 
have no hope of retiring back4          
#ffhf;,bodine excuseth his countrymen's 
overthrow at that famous battle at      
,agincourt1 in ,henry the ,fifth his    
time1 7cui simile1 saith ,froissard1    
tota historia producere non possit1     
which no history can parallel almost1   
wherein one handful of ,englishmen      
overthrew a royal army of ,frenchmen7   
with this refuge of despair1 pauci      
desperati1 a few desperate fellows being
 compassed in by their enemies1 past all
 hope of life1 fought like so many      
devils2 and gives a caution1 that no    
soldiers hereafter set upon desperate   
persons1 which #ffhg;after ,frontinus   
and ,vigetius1 ,guicciardini likewise   
admonisheth1 ,hypomnes4 part4 #b4 pag4  
#be4 not to stop an enemy that is going 
his way4 ,many such kinds there are of  

desperation1 when men are past hope of  
obtaining any suit1 or in despair of    
better fortune2 ,desperatio facit       
monachum1 as the saying is1 and         
desperation causeth death itself2 how   
many thousands in such distress have    
made away themselves1 and many others8  
,for he that cares not for his own1 is  
master of another man's life4 ,a ,tuscan
 soothsayer1 as #ffhh,paterculus tells  
the story1 perceiving himself and       
,fulvius ,flaccus his dear friend1 now  
both carried to prison by ,opimius1 and 
in despair of pardon1 seeing the young  
man weep1 quin tu potius hoc inquit     
facis1 do as ,i do2 and with that       
knocked out his brains against the      
door-cheek1 as he was entering into     
prison1 protinusque illiso capite in    
capite in carceris januam effuso cerebro
 expiravit1 and so desperate died4 ,but 
these are equivocal1 improper4 ,when ,i 
speak of despair1 saith #ffhi,zanchie1  
,i speak not of every kind1 but of that 
alone which concerns ,god4 ,it is       

opposite to hope1 and a most pernicious 
sin1 wherewith the devil seeks to entrap
 men4 ,musculus makes four kinds of     
desperation1 of ,god1 ourselves1 our    
neighbour1 or anything to be done2 but  
this division of his may be reduced     
easily to the former3 all kinds are     
opposite to hope1 that sweet moderator  
of passions1 as ,simonides calls it2 ,i 
do not mean that vain hope which        
fantastical fellows feign to themselves1
 which according to ,aristotle is       
insomnium vigilantium1 a waking dream2  
but this divine hope which proceeds from
 confidence1 and is an anchor to a      
floating soul2 spes alit agricolas1 even
 in our temporal affairs1 hope revives  
us1 but in spiritual it farther         
animateth2 and were it not for hope1 we 
of all others were the most miserable1  
as ,paul saith1 in this life2 were it   
not for hope1 the heart would break2 for
 though they be punished in the sight of
 men1 7,wisdom iii4 #d47 yet is their   
hope full of immortality3 yet doth it   

not so rear1 as despair doth deject2    
this violent and sour passion of        
despair1 is of all perturbations most   
grievous1 as #ffij,patritius holds4     
,some divide it into final and temporal2
 #ffia;final is incurable1 which        
befalleth reprobates2 temporal is a     
rejection of hope and comfort for a     
time1 which may befall the best of      
,god's children1 and it commonly        
proceeds #ffib;from weakness of faith1  
as in ,david when he was oppressed he   
cried out1 ,o ,lord1 thou hast forsaken 
me1 but this for a time4 ,this ebbs and 
flows with hope and fear2 it is a       
grievous sin howsoever3 although some   
kind of despair be not amiss1 when1     
saith ,zanchius1 we despair of our own  
means1 and rely wholly upon ,god3 but   
that species is not here meant4 ,this   
pernicious kind of desperation is the   
subject of our discourse1 homicida      
animae1 the murderer of the soul1 as    
,austin terms it1 a fearful passion1    
wherein the party oppressed thinks he   

can get no ease but by death1 and is    
fully resolved to offer violence unto   
himself2 so sensible of his burthen1 and
 impatient of his cross1 that he hopes  
by death alone to be freed of his       
calamity 7though it prove otherwise71   
and chooseth with ,job vi4 #h4 #i4 xvii4
 #e4 ,rather to be strangled and die1   
than to be in his bonds4 #ffic,the part 
affected is the whole soul1 and all the 
faculties of it2 there is a privation of
 joy1 hope1 trust1 confidence1 of       
present and future good1 and in their   
place succeed fear1 sorrow1 c4 as in the
 symptoms shall be shown4 ,the heart is 
grieved1 the conscience wounded1 the    
mind eclipsed with black fumes arising  
from those perpetual terrors4           
,,subsect4 ,,iii4--,causes of ,despair1 
the ,devil1 ,melancholy1 ,meditation1   
,distrust1 ,weakness of ,faith1 ,rigid  
,ministers1 ,misunderstanding           
,scriptures1 ,guilty ,consciences1 c4   
,the principal agent and procurer of    
this mischief is the devil2 those whom  

,god forsakes1 the devil by his         
permission lays hold on4 ,sometimes he  
persecutes them with that worm of       
conscience1 as he did ,judas1           
#ffid,saul1 and others4 ,the poets call 
it ,nemesis1 but it is indeed ,god's    
just judgment1 sero sed serio1 he       
strikes home at last1 and setteth upon  
them as a thief in the night1 #a ,thes4 
ii4 #ffie,this temporary passion made   
,david cry out1 ,lord1 rebuke me not in 
thine anger1 neither chasten me in thine
 heavy displeasure2 for thine arrows    
have light upon me1 c4 there is nothing 
sound in my flesh1 because of thine     
anger4 ,again1 ,i roar for the very     
grief of my heart3 and ,psalm xxii4 ,my 
,god1 my ,god1 why hast thou forsaken   
me1 and art so far from my health1 and  
the words of my crying8 ,i am like to   
water poured out1 my bones are out of   
joint1 mine heart is like wax1 that is  
molten in the midst of my bowels4 ,so   
,psalm lxxxviii4 #ae and #af vers4 and  
,psalm cii4 ,i am in misery at the point

 of death1 from my youth ,i suffer thy  
terrors1 doubting for my life2 thine    
indignations have gone over me1 and thy 
fear hath cut me off4 ,job doth often   
complain in this kind2 and those ,god   
doth not assist1 the devil is ready to  
try and torment1 still seeking whom he  
may devour4 ,if he find them merry1     
saith ,gregory1 he tempts them forthwith
 to some dissolute act2 if pensive and  
sad1 to a desperate end4 ,aut suadendo  
blanditur1 aut minando terret1 sometimes
 by fair means1 sometimes again by foul1
 as he perceives men severally inclined4
 ,his ordinary engine by which he       
produceth this effect1 is the melancholy
 humour itself1 which is balneum        
diaboli1 the devil's bath2 and as in    
,saul1 those evil spirits get in        
#ffif;as it were1 and take possession of
 us4 ,black choler is a shoeing-horn1 a 
bait to allure them1 insomuch that many 
writers make melancholy an ordinary     
cause1 and a symptom of despair1 for    
that such men are most apt1 by reason of

 their ill-disposed temper1 to distrust1
 fear1 grief1 mistake1 and amplify      
whatsoever they preposterously conceive1
 or falsely apprehend4 ,conscientia     
scrupulosa nascitur ex vitio naturali1  
complexione melancholica 7saith         
,navarrus cap4 #bg4 num4 #bhb4 tom4 #b4 
cas4 conscien47 ,the body works upon the
 mind1 by obfuscating the spirits and   
corrupted instruments1 which            
#ffig,perkins illustrates by simile of  
an artificer1 that hath a bad tool1 his 
skill is good1 ability correspondent1 by
 reason of ill tools his work must needs
 be lame and imperfect4 ,but melancholy 
and despair1 though often1 do not always
 concur2 there is much difference3      
melancholy fears without a cause1 this  
upon great occasion2 melancholy is      
caused by fear and grief1 but this      
torment procures them and all extremity 
of bitterness2 much melancholy is       
without affliction of conscience1 as    
#ffih;,bright and ,perkins illustrate by
 four reasons2 and yet melancholy alone 

may be sometimes a sufficient cause of  
this terror of conscience4 #ffii;,felix 
,plater so found it in his observations1
 e melancholicis alii damnatos se       
putant1 ,deo curae1 non sunt1 nec       
praedestinati1 c4 ,they think they are  
not predestinate1 ,god hath forsaken    
them2 and yet otherwise very zealous and
 religious2 and 'tis common to be seen1 
melancholy for fear of ,god's judgment  
and hell-fire1 drives men to            
desperation2 fear and sorrow1 if they be
 immoderate1 end often with it4         
,intolerable pain and anguish1 long     
sickness1 captivity1 misery1 loss of    
goods1 loss of friends1 and those lesser
 griefs1 do sometimes effect it1 or such
 dismal accidents4 ,si non statim       
relevantur1 #fgjj,mercennus1 dubitant an
 sit ,deus1 if they be not eased        
forthwith1 they doubt whether there be  
any ,god1 they rave1 curse1 and are     
desperately mad because good men are    
oppressed1 wicked men flourish1 they    
have not as they think to their desert1 

and through impatience of calamities are
 so misaffected4 ,democritus put out his
 eyes1 ne malorum civium prosperos      
videret successus1 because he could not 
abide to see wicked men prosper1 and was
 therefore ready to make away himself1  
as #fgja;,agellius writes of him4 ,felix
 ,plater hath a memorable example in    
this kind1 of a painter's wife in       
,basil1 that was melancholy for her     
son's death1 and for melancholy became  
desperate2 she thought ,god would not   
pardon her sins1 #fgjb;and for four     
months still raved1 that she was in     
hell-fire1 already damned4 ,when the    
humour is stirred up1 every small object
 aggravates and incenseth it1 as the    
parties are addicted4 #fgjc,the same    
author hath an example of a merchant    
man1 that for the loss of a little      
wheat1 which he had over long kept1 was 
troubled in conscience1 for that he had 
not sold it sooner1 or given it to the  
poor1 yet a good scholar and a great    
divine2 no persuasion would serve to the

 contrary1 but that for this fact he was
 damned3 in other matters ,very         
judicious and discreet4 ,solitariness1  
much fasting1 divine meditation1 and    
contemplations of ,god's judgments1 most
 part accompany this melancholy1 and are
 main causes1 as #fgjd,navarrus holds2  
to converse with such kinds of persons  
so troubled1 is sufficient occasion of  
trouble to some men4 ,nonnulli ob longas
 inedias1 studia et meditationes        
coelestes1 de rebus sacris et religione 
semper agitant1 c4 ,many1 7saith ,p4    
,forestus7 through long fasting1 serious
 meditations of heavenly things1 fall   
into such fits2 and as ,lemnius adds1   
lib4 #d4 cap4 #ba1 #fgje;,if they be    
solitary given1 superstitious1 precise1 
or very devout3 seldom shall you find a 
merchant1 a soldier1 an innkeeper1 a    
bawd1 a host1 a usurer1 so troubled in  
mind1 they have cheverel consciences    
that will stretch1 they are seldom moved
 in this kind or molested3 young men and
 middle age are more wild and less      

apprehensive2 but old folks1 most part1 
such as are timorous and religiously    
given4 ,pet4 ,forestus observat4 lib4   
#aj4 cap4 #ab4 de morbis cerebri1 hath a
 fearful example of a minister1 that    
through precise fasting in ,lent1 and   
overmuch meditation1 contracted this    
mischief1 and in the end became         
desperate1 thought he saw devils in his 
chamber1 and that he could not be saved2
 he smelled nothing1 as he said1 but    
fire and brimstone1 was already in hell1
 and would ask them1 still1 if they did 
not #fgjfsmell as much4 ,i told him he  
was melancholy1 but he laughed me to    
scorn1 and replied that he saw devils1  
talked with them in good earnest1 ,would
 spit in my face1 and ask me if #a did  
not smell brimstone1 but at last he was 
by him cured4 ,such another story ,i    
find in ,plater observat4 lib4 #a4 ,a   
poor fellow had done some foul offence1 
and for fourteen days would eat no meat1
 in the end became desperate1 the       
divines about him could not ease him1   

#fgjg;but so he died4 ,continual        
meditation of ,god's judgments troubles 
many1 ,multi ob timorem futuri judicii1 
saith ,guatinerius cap4 #e4 tract4 #ae4 
et suspicionem desperabundi sunt4 ,david
 himself complains that ,god's judgments
 terrified his soul1 ,psalm cxix4 part4 
#af4 vers4 #h4 ,my flesh trembleth for  
fear of thee1 and ,i am afraid of thy   
judgments4 ,quoties diem illum cogito   
7saith #fgjh;,hierome7 toto corpore     
contremisco1 ,i tremble as often as ,i  
think of it4 ,the terrible meditation of
 hell-fire and eternal punishment much  
torments a sinful silly soul4 ,what's a 
thousand years to eternity8 ,ubi moeror1
 ubi fletus1 ubi dolor sempiternus4     
,mors sine morte1 finis sine fine2 a    
finger burnt by chance we may not       
endure1 the pain is so grievous1 we may 
not abide an hour1 a night is           
intolerable2 and what shall this        
unspeakable fire then be that burns for 
ever1 innumerable infinite millions of  
years1 in omne aevum in aeternum4 ,o    

eternity6  #fgji;,aeternitas est illa   
vox1 ,vox illa fulminatrix1  ,tonitruis 
minacior1 ,fragoribusque coeli1         
,aeternitas est illa vox1 --meta carens 
et orta1 c4  ,tormenta nulla territant1 
,quae finiuntur annis2  ,aeternitas1    
aeternitas ,versat coquilque pectus4    
,auget haec poenas indies1              
,centuplicatque flammas1 c4  ,this      
meditation terrifies these poor         
distressed souls1 especially if their   
bodies be predisposed by melancholy1    
they religiously given1 and have tender 
consciences1 every small object         
affrights them1 the very inconsiderate  
reading of ,scripture itself1 and       
misinterpretation of some places of it2 
as1 ,many are called1 few are chosen4   
,not every one that saith ,lord4 ,fear  
not little flock4 ,he that stands1 let  
him take heed lest he fall4 ,work out   
your salvation with fear and trembling1 
,that night two shall be in a bed1 one  
received1 the other left4 ,strait is the
 way that leads to heaven1 and few there

 are that enter therein4 ,the parable of
 the seed and of the sower1 some fell on
 barren ground1 some was choked4 ,whom  
he hath predestinated he hath chosen4   
,he will have mercy on whom he will have
 mercy4 ,non est volentis nec currentis1
 sed miserentis ,dei4 ,these and the    
like places terrify the souls of many2  
election1 predestination1 reprobation1  
preposterously conceived1 offend divers1
 with a deal of foolish presumption1    
curiosity1 needless speculation1        
contemplation1 solicitude1 wherein they 
trouble and puzzle themselves about     
those questions of grace1 free will1    
perseverance1 ,god's secrets2 they will 
know more than is revealed of ,god in   
his word1 human capacity1 or ignorance  
can apprehend1 and too importunate      
inquiry after that which is revealed2   
mysteries1 ceremonies1 observation of   
,sabbaths1 laws1 duties1 c41 with many  
such which the casuists discuss1 and    
schoolmen broach1 which divers mistake1 
misconstrue1 misapply to themselves1 to 

their own undoing1 and so fall into this
 gulf4 ,they doubt of their election1   
how they shall know1 it1 by what signs4 
,and so far forth1 saith ,luther1 with  
such nice points1 torture and crucify   
themselves1 that they are almost mad1   
and all they get by it is this1 they lay
 open a gap to the devil by desperation 
to carry them to hell2 but the greatest 
harm of all proceeds from those         
thundering ministers1 a most frequent   
cause they are of this malady3 #fgaj;and
 do more harm in the church 7saith      
,erasmus7 than they that flatter2 great 
danger on both sides1 the one lulls them
 asleep in carnal security1 the other   
drives them to despair4 ,whereas1       
#fgaa,st4 ,bernard well adviseth1 ,we   
should not meddle with the one without  
the other1 nor speak of judgment without
 mercy2 the one alone brings            
desperation1 the other security4 ,but   
these men are wholly for judgment2 of a 
rigid disposition themselves1 there is  
no mercy with them1 no salvation1 no    

balsam for their diseased souls1 they   
can speak of nothing but reprobation1   
hell-fire1 and damnation2 as they did   
,luke xi4 #df4 lade men with burdens    
grievous to be borne1 which they        
themselves touch not with a finger4     
',tis familiar with our papists to      
terrify men's souls with purgatory1     
tales1 visions1 apparitions1 to daunt   
even the most generous spirits1 to      
#fgabrequire charity1 as ,brentius      
observes1 of others1 bounty1 meekness1  
love1 patience1 when they themselves    
breathe nought but lust1 envy1          
covetousness4 ,they teach others to     
fast1 give alms1 do penance1 and crucify
 their mind with superstitious          
observations1 bread and water1 hair     
clothes1 whips1 and the like1 when they 
themselves have all the dainties the    
world can afford1 lie on a down-bed with
 a courtesan in their arms3 ,heu quantum
 patimur pro ,christo1 as #fgac;he said1
 what a cruel tyranny is this1 so to    
insult over and terrify men's souls6    

,our indiscreet pastors many of them    
come not far behind1 whilst in their    
ordinary sermons they speak so much of  
election1 predestination1 reprobation1  
ab aeterno1 subtraction of grace1       
preterition1 voluntary permission1 c41  
by what signs and tokens they shall     
discern and try themselves1 whether they
 be ,god's true children elect1 an sint 
reprobi1 praedestinati1 c41 with such   
scrupulous points1 they still aggravate 
sin1 thunder out ,god's judgments       
without respect1 intempestively rail at 
and pronounce them damned in all        
auditories1 for giving so much to sports
 and honest recreations1 making every   
small fault and thing indifferent an    
irremissible offence1 they so rent1 tear
 and wound men's consciences1 that they 
are almost mad1 and at their wits' end4 
,these bitter potions 7saith            
#fgad;,erasmus7 are still in their      
mouths1 nothing but gall and horror1 and
 a mad noise1 they make all their       
auditors desperate3 many are wounded by 

this means1 and they commonly that are  
most devout and precise1 have been      
formerly presumptuous1 and certain of   
their salvation2 they that have tender  
consciences1 that follow sermons1       
frequent lectures1 that have indeed     
least cause1 they are most apt to       
mistake1 and fall into these miseries4  
,i have heard some complain of ,parson's
 ,resolution1 and other books of like   
nature 7good otherwise71 they are too   
tragical1 too much dejecting men1       
aggravating offences3 great care and    
choice1 much discretion is required in  
this kind4 ,the last and greatest cause 
of this malady1 is our own conscience1  
sense of our sins1 and ,god's anger     
justly deserved1 a guilty conscience for
 some foul offence formerly             
committed1--#fgae,o miser ,oreste1 quid 
morbi te perdit8 ,or3 ,conscientia1 ,sum
 enim mihi conscius de malis            
perpetratis4#fgaf ,a good conscience is 
a continual feast1 but a galled         
conscience is as great a torment as can 

possibly happen1 a still baking oven1   
7so ,pierius in his ,hieroglyph1        
compares it7 another hell4 ,our         
conscience1 which is a great ledger     
book1 wherein are written all our       
offences1 a register to lay them up1    
7which those #fgag;,egyptians in their  
hieroglyphics expressed by a mill1 as   
well for the continuance1 as for the    
torture of it7 grinds our souls with the
 remembrance of some precedent sins1    
makes us reflect upon1 accuse and       
condemn our own selves4 #fgah,sin lies  
at door1 c4 ,i know there be many other 
causes assigned by ,zanchius1           
#fgai,musculus1 and the rest2 as        
incredulity1 infidelity1 presumption1   
ignorance1 blindness1 ingratitude1      
discontent1 those five grand miseries in
 ,aristotle1 ignominy1 need1 sickness1  
enmity1 death1 c42 but this of          
conscience is the greatest1             
#fgbj;,instar ulceris corpus jugiter    
percellens3 ,the scrupulous conscience  
7as #fgba,peter ,forestus calls it7     

which tortures so many1 that either out 
of a deep apprehension of their         
unworthiness1 and consideration of their
 own dissolute life1 accuse themselves  
and aggravate every small offence1 when 
there is no such cause1 misdoubting in  
the meantime ,god's mercies1 they fall  
into these inconveniences4 ,the poet    
calls them #fgbb;furies dire1 but it is 
the conscience alone which is a thousand
 witnesses to accuse us1 #fgbc ,nocte   
dieque suum gestant in pectore testem4  
,a continual tester to give in evidence1
 to empanel a jury to examine us1 to cry
 guilty1 a persecutor with hue and cry  
to follow1 an apparitor to summon us1 a 
bailiff to carry us1 a serjeant to      
arrest1 an attorney to plead against us1
 a gaoler to torment1 a judge to        
condemn1 still accusing1 denouncing1    
torturing and molesting4 ,and as the    
statue of ,juno in that holy city near  
,euphrates in #fgbd;,assyria will look  
still towards you1 sit where you will in
 her temple1 she stares full upon you1  

if you go by1 she follows with her eye1 
in all sites1 places1 conventicles1     
actions1 our conscience will be still   
ready to accuse us4 ,after many pleasant
 days1 and fortunate adventures1 merry  
tides1 this conscience at last doth     
arrest us4 ,well he may escape temporal 
punishment1 #fgbe;bribe a corrupt judge1
 and avoid the censure of law1 and      
flourish for a time2 for #fgbfwho ever  
saw 7saith ,chrysostom7 a covetous man  
troubled in mind when he is telling of  
his money1 an adulterer mourn with his  
mistress in his arms8 we are then drunk 
with pleasure1 and perceive nothing3 yet
 as the prodigal son had dainty fare1   
sweet music at first1 merry company1    
jovial entertainment1 but a cruel       
reckoning in the end1 as bitter as      
wormwood1 a fearful visitation commonly 
follows4 ,and the devil that then told  
thee that it was a light sin1 or no sin 
at all1 now aggravates on the other     
side1 and telleth thee1 that it is a    
most irremissible offence1 as he did by 

,cain and ,judas1 to bring them to      
despair2 every small circumstance before
 neglected and contemned1 will now      
amplify itself1 rise up in judgment1 and
 accuse the dust of their shoes1 dumb   
creatures1 as to ,lucian's tyrant1      
lectus et candela1 the bed and candle   
did bear witness1 to torment their souls
 for their sins past4 ,tragical examples
 in this kind are too familiar and      
common3 ,adrian1 ,galba1 ,nero1 ,otho1  
,vitellius1 ,caracalla1 were in such    
horror of conscience for their offences 
committed1 murders1 rapes1 extortions1  
injuries1 that they were weary of their 
lives1 and could get nobody to kill     
them4 #fgbg,kennetus1 ,king of          
,scotland1 when he had murdered his     
nephew ,malcom1 ,king ,duffe's son1     
,prince of ,cumberland1 and with        
counterfeit tears and protestations     
dissembled the matter a long time1      
#fgbh;at last his conscience accused    
him1 his unquiet soul could not rest day
 or night1 he was terrified with fearful

 dreams1 visions1 and so miserably      
tormented all his life4 ,it is strange  
to read what #fgbi;,cominaeus hath      
written of ,louis ,,xi4 that ,french    
,king2 of ,charles ,,viii42 of          
,alphonsus1 ,king of ,naples2 in the    
fury of his passion how he came into    
,sicily1 and what pranks he played4     
,guicciardini1 a man most unapt to      
believe lies1 relates how that          
,ferdinand his father's ghost who before
 had died for grief1 came and told him1 
that he could not resist the ,french    
,king1 he thought every man cried       
,france1 ,france2 the reason of it      
7saith ,cominseus7 was because he was a 
vile tyrant1 a murderer1 an oppressor of
 his subjects1 he bought up all         
commodities1 and sold them at his own   
price1 sold abbeys to ,jews and         
,falkoners2 both ,ferdinand his father1 
and he himself never made conscience of 
any committed sin2 and to conclude1     
saith he1 it was impossible to do worse 
than they did4 ,why was ,pausanias the  

,spartan tyrant1 ,nero1 ,otho1 ,galba1  
so persecuted with spirits in every     
house they came1 but for their murders  
which they had committed8 #fgcj,why doth
 the devil haunt many men's houses after
 their deaths1 appear to them living1   
and take possession of their            
habitations1 as it were1 of their       
palaces1 but because of their several   
villainies8 ,why had ,richard the ,third
 such fearful dreams1 saith ,polydore1  
but for his frequent murders8 ,why was  
,herod so tortured in his mind8 because 
he had made away ,mariamne his wife4    
,why was ,theodoric1 the ,king of the   
,goths1 so suspicious1 and so affrighted
 with a fish head alone1 but that he had
 murdered ,symmachus1 and ,boethius his 
son-in-law1 those worthy ,romans8       
,caelius1 lib4 #bg4 cap4 #bb4 ,see more 
in ,plutarch1 in his tract ,de his qui  
sero a ,numine puniuntur1 and in his    
book ,de tranquillitate animi1 c4 ,yea1 
and sometimes ,,god himself hath a hand 
in it1 to show his power1 humiliate1    

exercise1 and to try their faith1       
7divine temptation1 ,perkins calls it1  
,cas4 cons4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #h4 sect4 #a47
 to punish them for their sins4 ,god the
 avenger1 as #fgca;,david terms him1    
ultor a tergo ,deus1 his wrath is       
apprehended of a guilty1 soul1 as by    
,saul and ,judas1 which the poets       
expressed by ,adrastia1 or ,nemesis3    
#fgcb;,assequitur ,nemesique virum      
vestigia servat1 ,ne male quid          
facias4------  ,and she is1 as          
#fgcc;,ammianus1 lib4 #ad4 describes    
her1 the queen of causes1 and moderator 
of things1 now she pulls down the proud1
 now she rears and encourageth those    
that are good2 he gives instance in his 
,eusebius2 ,nicephorus1 lib4 #aj4 cap4  
#ce4 eccles4 hist4 in ,maximinus and    
,julian4 ,fearful examples of ,god's    
just judgment1 wrath and vengeance1 are 
to be found in all histories1 of some   
that have been eaten to death with rats 
and mice1 as #fgcd,popelius1 the second 
,king of ,poland1 ann4 #hcj1 his wife   

and children2 the like story is of      
,hatto1 ,archbishop of ,mentz1 ann4     
#ifi1 so devoured by these vermin1 which
 howsoever ,serrarius the ,jesuit       
,mogunt4 rerum lib4 #d4 cap4 #e4 impugn 
by twenty-two arguments1 ,tritemius1    
#fgce,munster1 ,magdeburgenses1 and many
 others relate for a truth4 ,such       
another example ,i find in ,geraldus    
,cambrensis ,itin4 ,cam4 lib4 #b4 cap4  
#b4 and where not8 ,and yet for all     
these terrors of conscience1 affrighting
 punishments which are so frequent1 or  
whatsoever else may cause or aggravate  
this fearful malady in other religions1 
,i see no reason at all why a papist at 
any time should despair1 or be troubled 
for his sins2 for let him be never so   
dissolute a caitiff so notorious a      
villain1 so monstrous a sinner1 out of  
that treasure of indulgences and merits 
of which the pope is dispensator1 he may
 have free pardon and plenary remission 
of all his sins4 ,there be so many      
general pardons for ages to come1 forty 

thousand years to come1 so many         
jubilees1 so frequent gaol-deliveries   
out of purgatory for all souls1 now     
living1 or after dissolution of the     
body1 so many particular masses daily   
said in several churches1 so many altars
 consecrated to this purpose1 that if a 
man have either money or friends1 or    
will take any pains to come to such an  
altar1 hear a mass1 say so many         
paternosters1 undergo such and such     
penance1 he cannot do amiss1 it is      
impossible his mind should be troubled1 
or he have any scruple to molest him4   
,besides that ,taxa ,camerae            
,apostolicae1 which was first published 
to get money in the days of ,leo        
,decimus1 that sharking pope1 and since 
divulged to the same ends1 sets down    
such easy rates and dispensations for   
all offences1 for perjury1 murder1      
incest1 adultery1 c41 for so many       
grosses or dollars 7able to invite any  
man to sin1 and provoke him to offend1  
methinks1 that otherwise would not7 such

 comfortable remission1 so gentle and   
parable a pardon1 so ready at hand1 with
 so small cost and suit obtained1 that  
,i cannot see how he that hath any      
friends amongst them 7as ,i say7 or     
money in his purse1 or will at least to 
ease himself1 can any way miscarry or be
 misaffected1 how he should be          
desperate1 in danger of damnation1 or   
troubled in mind4 ,their ghostly fathers
 can so readily apply remedies1 so      
cunningly string and unstring1 wind and 
unwind their devotions1 play upon their 
consciences with plausible speeches and 
terrible threats1 for their best        
advantage settle and remove1 erect with 
such facility and deject1 let in and    
out1 that ,i cannot perceive how any man
 amongst them should much or often      
labour of this disease1 or finally      
miscarry4 ,the causes above named must  
more frequently therefore take hold in  
others4  ,,subsect4 ,,iv4--,symptoms of 
,despair1 ,fear1 ,sorrow1 ,suspicion1   
,anxiety1 ,horror of ,conscience1       

,fearful ,dreams and ,visions4  ,as     
shoemakers do when they bring home      
shoes1 still cry leather is dearer and  
dearer1 may ,i justly say of those      
melancholy symptoms3 these of despair   
are most violent1 tragical1 and         
grievous1 far beyond the rest1 not to be
 expressed but negatively1 as it is     
privation of all happiness1 not to be   
endured2 for a wounded spirit who can   
bear it8 ,prov4 xviii4 #ai4 ,what1      
therefore1 #fgcf,timanthes did in his   
picture of ,iphigenia1 now ready to be  
sacrificed1 when he had painted ,chalcas
 mourning1 ,ulysses sad1 but most       
sorrowful ,menelaus2 and showed all his 
art in expressing a variety of          
affections1 he covered the maid's father
 ,agamemnon's head with a veil1 and left
 it to every spectator to conceive what 
he would himself2 for that true passion 
and sorrow in summo gradu1 such as his  
was1 could not by any art be deciphered4
 ,what he did in his picture1 ,i will do
 in describing the symptoms of despair2 

imagine what thou canst1 fear1 sorrow1  
furies1 grief1 pain1 terror1 anger1     
dismal1 ghastly1 tedious1 irksome1 c4 it
 is not sufficient1 it comes far short1 
no tongue can tell1 no heart conceive   
it4 ',tis an epitome of hell1 an        
extract1 a quintessence1 a compound1 a  
mixture of all feral maladies1          
tyrannical tortures1 plagues1 and       
perplexities4 ,there is no sickness     
almost but physic provideth a remedy for
 it2 to every sore chirurgery will      
provide a slave2 friendship helps       
poverty2 hope of liberty easeth         
imprisonment2 suit and favour revoke    
banishment2 authority and time wear away
 reproach3 but what physic1 what        
chirurgery1 what wealth1 favour1        
authority can relieve1 bear out1        
assuage1 or expel a troubled conscience8
 ,a quiet mind cureth all them1 but all 
they cannot comfort a distressed soul3  
who can put to silence the voice of     
desperation8 ,all that is single in     
other melancholy1 ,horribile1 dirum1    

pestilens1 atrox1 ferum1 concur in this1
 it is more than melancholy in the      
highest degree2 a burning fever of the  
soul2 so mad1 saith #fgcg;,jacchinus1 by
 this misery2 fear1 sorrow1 and despair1
 he puts for ordinary symptoms of       
melancholy4 ,they are in great pain and 
horror of mind1 distraction of soul1    
restless1 full of continual fears1      
cares1 torments1 anxieties1 they can    
neither eat1 drink1 nor sleep for them1 
take no rest1 #fgch,perpetua impietas1  
nec mensae tempore cessat1 ,exagitat    
vesana quies1 somnique furentes4        
,neither at bed1 nor yet at board1 ,will
 any rest despair afford4  ,fear takes  
away their content1 and dries the blood1
 wasteth the marrow1 alters their       
countenance1 even in their greatest     
delights1 singing1 dancing1 dalliance1  
they are still 7saith #fgci,lemnius7    
tortured in their souls4 ,it consumes   
them to nought1 ,i am like a pelican in 
the wilderness 7saith ,david of himself1
 temporally afflicted71 an owl1 because 

of thine indignation1 ,psalm cii4 #h1   
#aj1 and ,psalm lv4 #d4 ,my heart       
trembleth within me1 and the terrors of 
death have come upon me2 fear and       
trembling are come upon me1 c4 at       
death's door1 ,psalm cvii4 #ah4 ,their  
soul abhors all manner of meats4 ,their 
#fgdjsleep is 7if it be any7 unquiet1   
subject to fearful dreams and terrors4  
,peter in his bonds slept secure1 for he
 knew ,god protected him2 and ,tully    
makes it an argument of ,roscius        
,amerinus' innocency1 that he killed not
 his father1 because he so securely     
slept4 ,those martyrs in the primitive  
church were most #fgda;cheerful and     
merry in the midst of their             
persecutions2 but it is far otherwise   
with these men1 tossed in a sea1 and    
that continually without rest or        
intermission1 they can think of nought  
that is pleasant1 #fgdbtheir conscience 
will not let them be quiet1 in perpetual
 fear1 anxiety1 if they be not yet      
apprehended1 they are in doubt still    

they shall be ready to betray           
themselves1 as ,cain did1 he thinks     
every man will kill him2 and roar for   
the grief of heart1 ,psalm xxxviii4 #h1 
as ,david did2 as ,job did1 xx4 #c1 #ba1
 #bb1 c41 ,wherefore is light given to  
him that is in misery1 and life to them 
that have heavy hearts8 which long for  
death1 and if it come not1 search it    
more than treasures1 and rejoice when   
they can find the grave4 ,they are      
generally weary of their lives1 a       
trembling heart they have1 a sorrowful  
mind1 and little or no rest4 ,terror    
ubique tremor1 timor undique et undique 
terror4 ,fears1 terrors1 and affrights  
in all places1 at all times and seasons4
 ,cibum et potum pertinaciter aversantur
 multi1 nodum in scirpo quaeritantes1 et
 culpam imaginantes ubi nulla est1 as   
,wierus writes de ,lamiis lib4 #c4 c4   
#g4 they refuse many of them meat and   
drink1 cannot rest1 aggravating still   
and supposing grievous offences where   
there are none4 ,god's heavy wrath is   

kindled in their souls1 and             
notwithstanding their continual prayers 
and supplications to ,christ ,jesus1    
they have no release or ease at all1 but
 a most intolerable torment1 and        
insufferable anguish of conscience1 and 
that makes them1 through impatience1 to 
murmur against ,god many times1 to rave1
 to blaspheme1 turn atheists1 and seek  
to offer violence to themselves4 ,deut4 
xxviii4 #fe1 #fh4 ,in the morning they  
wish for evening1 and for morning in the
 evening1 for the sight of their eyes   
which they see1 and fear of hearts4     
#fgdc,marinus ,mercennus1 in his comment
 on ,genesis1 makes mention of a        
desperate friend of his1 whom1 amongst  
others1 he came to visit1 and exhort to 
patience1 that broke out into most      
blasphemous atheistical speeches1 too   
fearful to relate1 when they wished him 
to trust in ,god1 ,quis est ille ,deus  
7inquit7 ut serviam illi1 quid proderit 
si oraverim2 si praesens est1 cur non   
succurrit8 cur non me carcere1 inertia1 

squalore confectum liberat8 quid ego    
feci8 c4 absit a me hujusmodi ,deus4    
,another of his acquaintance broke out  
into like atheistical blasphemies1 upon 
his wife's death raved1 cursed1 said and
 did he cared not what4 ,and so for the 
most part it is with them all1 many of  
them1 in their extremity1 think they    
hear and see visions1 outcries1 confer  
with devils1 that they are tormented1   
possessed1 and in hell-fire1 already    
damned1 quite forsaken of ,god1 they    
have no sense or feeling of mercy1 or   
grace1 hope of salvation1 their sentence
 of condemnation is already past1 and   
not to be revoked1 the devil will       
certainly have them4 ,never was any     
living creature in such torment before1 
in such a miserable estate1 in such     
distress of mind1 no hope1 no faith1    
past cure1 reprobate1 continually       
tempted to make away themselves4        
,something talks with them1 they spit   
fire and brimstone1 they cannot but     
blaspheme1 they cannot repent1 believe  

or think a good thought1 so far carried2
 ut cogantur ad impia cogitandum etiam  
contra voluntatem1 said #fgdd;,felix    
,plater1 ad blasphemiam erga deum1 ad   
multa horrenda perpetranda1 ad manus    
violentas sibi inferendas1 c41 and in   
their distracted fits and desperate     
humours1 to offer violence to others1   
their familiar and dear friends         
sometimes1 or to mere strangers1 upon   
very small or no occasion2 for he that  
cares not for his own1 is master of     
another man's life4 ,they think evil    
against their wills2 that which they    
abhor themselves1 they must needs think1
 do1 and speak4 ,he gives instance in a 
patient of his1 that when he would pray1
 had such evil thoughts still suggested 
to him1 and wicked #fgdemeditations4    
,another instance he hath of a woman    
that was often tempted to curse ,god1 to
 blaspheme and kill herself4 ,sometimes 
the devil 7as they say7 stands without  
and talks with them1 sometimes he is    
within them1 as they think1 and there   

speaks and talks as to such as are      
possessed3 so ,apollodorus1 in          
,plutarch1 thought his heart spake      
within him4 ,there is a most memorable  
example of #fgdf;,francis ,spira1 an    
advocate of ,padua1 ,ann4 #aede1 that   
being desperate1 by no counsel of       
learned men could be comforted3 he felt 
7as he said7 the pains of hell in his   
soul2 in all other things he discoursed 
aright1 but in this most mad4           
,frismelica1 ,bullovat1 and some other  
excellent physicians1 could neither make
 him eat1 drink1 or sleep1 no persuasion
 could ease him4 ,never pleaded any man 
so well for himself1 as this man did    
against himself1 and so he desperately  
died4 ,springer1 a lawyer1 hath written 
his life4 ,cardinal ,crescence died so  
likewise desperate at ,verona1 still he 
thought a black dog followed him to his 
death-bed1 no man could drive the dog   
away1 ,sleiden4 com4 #bc4 cap4 lib4 #c4 
,whilst ,i was writing this ,treatise1  
saith ,montaltus1 cap4 #b4 de mel4      

#fgdg;,a nun came to me for help1 well  
for all other matters1 but troubled in  
conscience for five years last past2 she
 is almost mad1 and not able to resist1 
thinks she hath offended ,god1 and is   
certainly damned4 ,felix ,plater hath   
store of instances of such as thought   
themselves damned1 #fgdh forsaken of    
,god1 c4 ,one amongst the rest1 that    
durst not go to church1 or come near the
 ,rhine1 for fear to make away himself1 
because then he was most especially     
tempted4 ,these and such like symptoms  
are intended and remitted1 as the malady
 itself is more or less2 some will hear 
good counsel1 some will not2 some desire
 help1 some reject all1 and will not be 
eased4  ,,subsect4 ,v4--,prognostics of 
,despair1 ,atheism1 ,blasphemy1 violent 
death1 c4  ,most part these kind of     
persons make #fgdi;away themselves1 some
 are mad1 blaspheme1 curse1 deny ,god1  
but most offer violence to their own    
persons1 and sometimes to others4 ,a    
wounded spirit who can bear8 ,prov4     

xviii4 #ad4 ,as ,cain1 ,saul1           
,achitophel1 ,judas1 blasphemed and     
died4 ,bede saith1 ,pilate died         
desperate eight years after ,christ4    
#fgej;,felix ,plater hath collected many
 examples4 #fgea;,a merchant's wife that
 was long troubled with such            
temptations1 in the night rose from her 
bed1 and out of the window broke her    
neck into the street3 another drowned   
himself desperate as he was in the      
,rhine3 some cut their throats1 many    
hang themselves4 ,but this needs no     
illustration4 ,it is controverted by    
some1 whether a man so offering violence
 to himself1 dying desperate1 may be    
saved1 ay or no8 ,if they die so        
obstinately and suddenly1 that they     
cannot so much as wish for mercy1 the   
worst is to be suspected1 because they  
die impenitent4 #fgeb;,if their death   
had been a little more lingering1       
wherein they might have some leisure in 
their hearts to cry for mercy1 charity  
may judge the best2 divers have been    

recovered out of the very act of hanging
 and drowning themselves1 and so brought
 ad sanam mentem1 they have been very   
penitent1 much abhorred their former    
act1 confessed that they have repented  
in an instant1 and cried for mercy in   
their hearts4 ,if a man put desperate   
hands upon himself1 by occasion of      
madness or melancholy1 if he have given 
testimony before of his regeneration1 in
 regard he doth this not so much out of 
his will1 as ex vi morbi1 we must make  
the best construction of it1 as         
#fgec,turks do1 that think all fools and
 madmen go directly to heaven4          
,,subsect4 ,,vi4--,cure of ,despair by  
,physic1 ,good ,counsel1 ,comforts1 c4  
,experience teacheth us1 that though    
many die obstinate and wilful in this   
malady1 yet multitudes again are able to
 resist and overcome1 seek for help and 
find comfort1 are taken e faucibus      
,erebi1 from the chops of hell1 and out 
of the devil's paws1 though they have by
 #fgedobligation1 given themselves to   

him4 ,some out of their own strength1   
and ,god's assistance1 ,though ,he kill 
me1 7saith ,job17 yet will ,i trust in  
,him1 out of good counsel1 advice and   
physic4 #fgee;,bellovacus cured a monk  
by altering his habit1 and course of    
life3 ,plater many by physic alone4 ,but
 for the most part they must concur2 and
 they take a wrong course that think to 
overcome this feral passion by sole     
physic2 and they are as much out1 that  
think to work this effect by good       
service alone1 though both be forcible  
in themselves1 yet vis unita fortior1   
they must go hand in hand to this       
disease3--alterius sic altera poscit    
opem4 ,for physic the like course is to 
be taken with this as in other          
melancholy3 diet1 air1 exercise1 all    
those passions and perturbations of the 
mind1 c4 are to be rectified by the same
 means4 ,they must not be left solitary1
 or to themselves1 never idle1 never out
 of company4 ,counsel1 good comfort is  
to be applied1 as they shall see the    

parties inclined1 or to the causes1     
whether it be loss1 fear1 be grief1     
discontent1 or some such feral accident1
 a guilty conscience1 or otherwise by   
frequent meditation1 too grievous an    
apprehension1 and consideration of his  
former life2 by hearing1 reading of     
,scriptures1 good divines1 good advice  
and conference1 applying ,god's word to 
their distressed souls1 it must be      
corrected and counterpoised4 ,many      
excellent exhortations1 phraenetical    
discourses1 are extant to this purpose1 
for such as are any way troubled in     
mind3 ,perkins1 ,greenham1 ,hayward1    
,bright1 ,abernethy1 ,bolton1           
,culmannus1 ,helmingius1 ,caelius       
,secundus1 ,nicholas ,laurentius1 are   
copious on this subject3 ,azorius1      
,navarrus1 ,sayrus1 c41 and such as have
 written cases of conscience amongst our
 pontifical writers4 ,but because these 
men's works are not to all parties at   
hand1 so parable at all times1 ,i will  
for the benefit and ease of such as are 

afflicted1 at the request of some       
#fgef;friends1 recollect out of their   
voluminous treatises1 some few such     
comfortable speeches1 exhortations1     
arguments1 advice1 tending to this      
subject1 and out of ,god's word1        
knowing1 as ,culmannus saith upon the   
like occasion1 #fgeg;how unavailable and
 vain men's councils are to comfort an  
afflicted conscience1 except ,god's word
 concur and be annexed1 from which comes
 life1 ease1 repentance1 c4             
,presupposing first that which ,beza1   
,greenham1 ,perkins1 ,bolton1 give in   
charge1 the parties to whom counsel is  
given be sufficiently prepared1 humbled 
for their sins1 fit for comfort1        
confessed1 tried how they are more or   
less afflicted1 how they stand affected1
 or capable of good advice1 before any  
remedies be applied3 to such therefore  
as are so thoroughly searched and       
examined1 ,i address this following     
discourse4 ,two main antidotes1         
#fgeh;,hemmingius observes1 opposite to 

despair1 good hope out of ,god's word1  
to be embraced2 perverse security and   
presumption from the devil's treachery1 
to be rejected2 ,illa solus animae1 haec
 pestis2 one saves1 the other kills1    
occidit animam1 saith ,austin1 and doth 
as much harm as despair itself1         
#fgei,navarrus the casuist reckons up   
ten special cures out of ,anton4 #a4    
part4 ,tit4 #c4 cap4 #aj4 #a4 ,god4 #b4 
,physic4 #c4 #fgfj;,avoiding such       
objects as have caused it4 #d4          
,submission of himself to other men's   
judgments4 #e4 ,answer of all           
objections1 c4 ,all which ,cajetan1     
,gerson1 lib4 de vit4 spirit4 ,sayrus1  
lib4 #a4 cons4 cap4 #ad4 repeat and     
approve out of ,emanuel ,roderiques1    
cap4 #ea et #eb4 ,greenham prescribes   
six special rules1 ,culmannus seven4    
,first1 to acknowledge all help come    
from ,god4 #b4 ,that the cause of their 
present misery is sin4 #c4 ,to repent   
and be heartily sorry for their sins4   
#d4 ,to pray earnestly to ,god they may 

be eased4 #e4 ,to expect and implore the
 prayers of the church1 and good men's  
advice4 #f4 ,physic4 #g4 ,to commend    
themselves to ,god1 and rely upon ,his  
mercy3 others1 otherwise1 but all to    
this effect4 ,but forasmuch as most men 
in this malady are spiritually sick1    
void of reason almost1 overborne by     
their miseries1 and too deep an         
apprehension of their sins1 they cannot 
apply themselves to good counsel1 pray1 
believe1 repent1 we must1 as much as in 
us lies1 occur and help their peculiar  
infirmities1 according to their several 
causes and symptoms1 as we shall find   
them distressed and complain4 ,the main 
matter which terrifies and torments most
 that are troubled in mind1 is the      
enormity of their offences1 the         
intolerable burthen of their sins1      
,god's heavy wrath and displeasure so   
deeply apprehended1 that they account   
themselves reprobates1 quite forsaken of
 ,god1 already damned1 past all hope of 
grace1 incapable of mercy1 diaboli      

mancipia1 slaves of sin1 and their      
offences so great they cannot be        
forgiven4 ,but these men must know there
 is no sin so heinous which is not      
pardonable in itself1 no crime so great 
but by ,god's mercy it may be forgiven4 
,where sin aboundeth1 grace aboundeth   
much more1 ,rom4 v4 #bj4 ,and what the  
,lord said unto ,paul in his extremity1 
#b ,cor4 xi4 #i4 ,my grace is sufficient
 for thee1 for my power is made perfect 
through weakness3 concerns every man in 
like case4 ,his promises are made       
indefinite to all believers1 generally  
spoken to all touching remission of sins
 that are truly penitent1 grieved for   
their offences1 and desire to be        
reconciled1 ,matt4 ix4 #ab1 #ac1 ,i came
 not to call the righteous but sinners  
to repentance1 that is1 such as are     
truly touched in conscience for their   
sins4 ,again1 ,matt4 xi4 #bh1 ,come unto
 me all ye that are heavy laden1 and ,i 
will ease you4 ,ezek4 xviii4 #bg1 ,at   
what time soever a sinner shall repent  

him of his sins from the bottom of his  
heart1 ,i will blot out all his         
wickedness out of my remembrance saith  
the ,lord4 ,isaiah xliii4 #be1 ,i1 even 
,i1 am ,he that put away thine iniquity 
for mine own sake1 and will not remember
 thy sins4 ,as a father 7saith ,david   
,psal4 ciii4 #ac7 hath compassion on his
 children1 so hath the ,lord compassion 
on them that fear him4 ,and will receive
 them again as the prodigal son was     
entertained1 ,luke xv41 if they shall so
 come with tears in their eyes1 and a   
penitent heart4 ,peccator agnoscat1     
,deus ignoscit4 ,the ,lord is full of   
compassion and mercy1 slow to anger1 of 
great kindness1 ,psal4 ciii4 #h4 ,he    
will not always chide1 neither keep ,his
 anger for ever1 #i4 ,as high as the    
heaven is above the earth1 so great is  
,his mercy towards them that fear ,him1 
#aa4 ,as far as the ,east is from the   
,west1 so far hath ,he removed our sins 
from us1 #ab4 ,though ,cain cry out in  
the anguish of his soul1 my punishment  

is greater than ,i can bear1 'tis not   
so2 thou liest1 ,cain 7saith ,austin71  
,god's mercy is greater than thy sins4  
,his mercy is above all ,his works1     
,psal4 cxlv4 #i1 able to satisfy for all
 men's sins1 antilutron1 #a ,tim4 ii4   
#f4 ,his mercy is a panacea1 a balsam   
for an afflicted soul1 a sovereign      
medicine1 an alexipharmacum for all     
sins1 a charm for the devil2 his mercy  
was great to ,solomon1 to ,manasseh1 to 
,peter1 great to all offenders1 and     
whosoever thou art1 it may be so to     
thee4 ,for why should ,god bid us pray  
7as ,austin infers7 ,deliver us from all
 evil1 nisi ipse misericors             
perseveraret1 if ,he did not intend to  
help us8 ,he therefore that #fgfa;doubts
 of the remission of his sins1 denies   
,god's mercy1 and doth ,him injury1     
saith ,austin4 ,yea1 but thou repliest1 
,i am a notorious sinner1 mine offences 
are not so great as infinite4 ,hear     
,fulgentius1 #fgfb;,god's invincible    
goodness cannot be overcome by sin1 ,his

 infinite mercy cannot be terminated by 
any3 the multitude of ,his mercy is     
equivalent to ,his magnitude4 ,hear     
#fgfc;,chrysostom1 ,thy malice may be   
measured1 but ,god's mercy cannot be    
defined2 thy malice is circumscribed1   
,his mercies infinite4 ,as a drop of    
water is to the sea1 so are thy misdeeds
 to ,his mercy3 nay1 there is no such   
proportion to be given2 for the sea1    
though great1 yet may be measured1 but  
,god's mercy cannot be circumscribed4   
,whatsoever thy sins be then in quantity
 or quality1 multitude or magnitude1    
fear them not1 distrust not4 ,i speak   
not this1 saith #fgfd;,chrysostom1 to   
make thee secure and negligent1 but to  
cheer thee up4 ,yea but1 thou urgest    
again1 ,i have little comfort of this   
which is said1 it concerns me not3      
,inanis poenitentia quam sequens culpa  
coinquinat1 'tis to no purpose for me to
 repent1 and to do worse than ever ,i   
did before1 to persevere in sin1 and to 
return to my lusts as a dog to his      

vomit1 or a swine to the mire3 #fgfeto  
what end is it to ask forgiveness of my 
sins1 and yet daily to sin again and    
again1 to do evil out of a habit8 ,i    
daily and hourly offend in thought1     
word1 and deed1 in a relapse by mine own
 weakness and wilfulness3 my bonus      
genius1 my good protecting angel is     
gone1 ,i am fallen from that ,i was or  
would be1 worse and worse1 my latter end
 is worse than my beginning3 ,si        
quotidiae peccas1 quotidie1 saith       
,chrysostom1 poenitentiam age1 if thou  
daily offend1 daily repent3 #fgff;if    
twice1 thrice1 a hundred1 a hundred     
thousand times1 twice1 thrice1 a hundred
 thousand times repent4 ,as they do by  
an old house that is out of repair1     
still mend some part or other2 so do by 
thy soul1 still reform some vice1 repair
 it by repentance1 call to ,him for     
grace1 and thou shalt have it2 ,for we  
are freely justified by ,his grace1     
,rom4 iii4 #bd4 ,if thine enemy repent1 
as our ,saviour enjoined ,peter1 forgive

 him seventy-seven times2 and why       
shouldst thou think ,god will not       
forgive thee8 ,why should the enormity  
of thy sins trouble thee8 ,god can do   
it1 he will do it4 ,my conscience 7saith
 #fgfg;,anselm7 dictates to me that ,i  
deserve damnation1 my repentance will   
not suffice for satisfaction3 but thy   
mercy1 ,o ,lord1 quite overcometh all my
 transgressions4 ,the gods once 7as the 
poets feign7 with a gold chain would    
pull ,jupiter out of heaven1 but all    
they together could not stir him1 and   
yet he could draw and turn them as he   
would himself2 maugre all the force and 
fury of these infernal fiends1 and      
crying sins1 ,his grace is sufficient4  
,confer the debt and the payment2       
,christ and ,adam2 sin1 and the cure of 
it2 the disease and the medicine2 confer
 the sick man to his physician1 and thou
 shalt soon perceive that his power is  
infinitely beyond it4 ,god is better    
able1 as #fgfh;,bernard informeth us1 to
 help1 than sin to do us hurt2 ,christ  

is better able to save1 than the devil  
to destroy4 #fgfi;,if he be a skilful   
,physician1 as ,fulgentius adds1 he can 
cure all diseases2 if merciful1 he will4
 ,non est perfecta bonitas a qua non    
omnis malitia vincitur1 ,his goodness is
 not absolute and perfect1 if it be not 
able to overcome all malice4 ,submit    
thyself unto ,him1 as ,st4 ,austin      
adviseth1 #fggj;,he knoweth best what he
 doth2 and be not so much pleased when  
he sustains thee1 as patient when he    
corrects thee2 he is omnipotent1 and can
 cure all diseases when he sees his own 
time4 ,he looks down from heaven upon   
earth1 that he may hear the mourning of 
prisoners1 and deliver the children of  
death1 ,psal4 cii4 #ai4 #bj4 ,and though
 our sins be as red as scarlet1 ,he can 
make them as white as snow1 ,isai4 i4   
#ah4 ,doubt not of this1 or ask how it  
shall be done3 ,he is all-sufficient    
that promiseth2 qui fecit mundum de     
immundo1 saith ,chrysostom1 he that made
 a fair world of nought1 can do this and

 much more for his part3 do thou only   
believe1 trust in him1 rely on him1 be  
penitent and heartily sorry for thy     
sins4 ,repentance is a sovereign remedy 
for all sins1 a spiritual wing to rear  
us1 a charm for our miseries1 a         
protecting amulet to expel sin's venom1 
an attractive loadstone to draw ,god's  
mercy and graces unto us4 #fgga,peccatum
 vulnus1 poenitentia medicinam3 sin made
 the breach1 repentance must help it2   
howsoever thine offence came1 by error1 
sloth1 obstinacy1 ignorance1 exitur per 
poenitentiam1 this is the sole means to 
be relieved4 #fggb;,hence comes our hope
 of safety1 by this alone sinners are   
saved1 ,god is provoked to mercy4 ,this 
unlooseth all that is bound1            
enlighteneth darkness1 mends that is    
broken1 puts life to that which was     
desperately dying3 makes no respect of  
offences1 or of persons4 #fggc,this doth
 not repel a fornicator1 reject a       
drunkard1 resist a proud fellow1 turn   
away an idolater1 but entertains all1   

communicates itself to all4 ,who        
persecuted the church more than ,paul1  
offended more than ,peter8 and yet by   
repentance 7saith ,curysologus7 they got
 both ,magisterium et ministerium       
sanctitatis1 the ,magistery of holiness4
 ,the prodigal son went far1 but by     
repentance he came home at last4        
#fggd,this alone will turn a wolf into a
 sheep1 make a publican a preacher1 turn
 a thorn into an olive1 make a debauched
 fellow religious1 a blasphemer sing    
halleluja1 make ,alexander the          
coppersmith truly devout1 make a devil a
 saint4 #fgge;,and him that polluted his
 mouth with calumnies1 lying1 swearing1 
and filthy tunes and tones1 to purge his
 throat with divine ,psalms4 ,repentance
 will effect prodigious cures1 make a   
stupend metamorphosis4 ,a hawk came into
 the ark1 and went out again a hawk2 a  
lion came in1 went out a lion2 a bear1 a
 bear2 a wolf1 a wolf2 but if a hawk    
came into this sacred temple of         
repentance1 he will go forth a dove     

7saith #fggf;,chrysostom71 a wolf go out
 a sheep1 a lion a lamb4 #fggg,this     
gives sight to the blind1 legs to the   
lame1 cures all diseases1 confers grace1
 expels vice1 inserts virtue1 comforts  
and fortifies the soul4 ,shall ,i say1  
let thy sin be what it will1 do but     
repent1 it is sufficient4 #fggh,quem    
poenitet peccasse pene est innocens4    
',tis true indeed and all-sufficient    
this1 they do confess1 if they could    
repent2 but they are obdurate1 they have
 cauterised consciences1 they are in a  
reprobate sense1 they cannot think a    
good thought1 they cannot hope for      
grace1 pray1 believe1 repent1 or be     
sorry for their sins1 they find no grief
 for sin in themselves1 but rather a    
delight1 no groaning of spirit1 but are 
carried headlong to their own           
destruction1 heaping wrath to themselves
 against the day of wrath1 ,rom4 ii4 #e4
 ',tis a grievous case this ,i do yield1
 and yet not to be despaired2 ,god of   
his bounty and mercy calls all to       

repentance1 ,rom4 ii4 #d1 thou mayst be 
called at length1 restored1 taken to    
,his grace1 as the thief upon the cross1
 at the last hour1 as ,mary ,magdalene  
and many other sinners have been1 that  
were buried in sin4 ,god 7saith         
#fggi;,fulgentius7 is delighted in the  
conversion of a sinner1 he sets no time2
 prolixitas temporis ,deo non           
praejudicat1 aut gravitas peccati1      
deferring of time or grievousness of    
sin1 do not prejudicate his grace1      
things past and to come are all one to  
,him1 as present3 'tis never too late to
 repent4 #fghj,this heaven of repentance
 is still open for all distressed souls2
 and howsoever as yet no signs appear1  
thou mayst repent in good time4 ,hear a 
comfortable speech of ,st4 ,austin1     
#fgha,whatsoever thou shall do1 how     
great a sinner soever1 thou art yet     
living2 if ,god would not help thee1 he 
would surely take thee away2 but in     
sparing thy life1 he gives thee leisure1
 and invites thee to repentance4        

,howsoever as yet1 ,i say1 thou         
perceivest no fruit1 no feeling1 findest
 no likelihood of it in thyself1        
patiently abide the ,lord's good        
leisure1 despair not1 or think thou art 
a reprobate2 ,he came to call sinners to
 repentance1 ,luke v4 #cb1 of which     
number thou art one2 ,he came to call   
thee1 and in his time will surely call  
thee4 ,and although as yet thou hast no 
inclination to pray1 to repent1 thy     
faith be cold and dead1 and thou wholly 
averse from all ,divine functions1 yet  
it may revive1 as trees are dead in     
winter1 but flourish in the spring6     
these virtues may lie hid in thee for   
the present1 yet hereafter show         
themselves1 and peradventure already    
bud1 howsoever thou dost not perceive4  
',tis ,satan's policy to plead against1 
suppress and aggravate1 to conceal those
 sparks of faith in thee4 ,thou dost not
 believe1 thou sayest1 yet thou wouldst 
believe if thou couldst1 'tis thy desire
 to believe2 then pray1 #fghb,lord help 

mine unbelief3 and hereafter thou shall 
certainly believe3 #fghc;,dabitur       
sitienti1 it shall be given to him that 
thirsteth4 ,thou canst not yet repent1  
hereafter thou shall2 a black cloud of  
sin as yet obnubilates thy soul1        
terrifies thy conscience1 but this cloud
 may conceive a rainbow at the last1 and
 be quite dissipated by repentance4 ,be 
of good cheer2 a child is rational in   
power1 not in act2 and so art thou      
penitent in affection1 though not yet in
 action4 ',tis thy desire to please     
,god1 to be heartily sorry2 comfort     
thyself1 no time is overpast1 'tis never
 too late4 ,a desire to repent is       
repentance itself1 though not in nature1
 yet in ,god's acceptance2 a willing    
mind is sufficient4 ,blessed are they   
that hunger and thirst after            
righteousness1 ,matt4 v4 #f4 ,he that is
 destitute of ,god's grace1 and wisheth 
for it1 shall have it4 ,the ,lord 7saith
 ,david1 ,psal4 x4 #ag7 will hear the   
desire of the poor1 that is1 such as are

 in distress of body and mind4 ',tis    
true thou canst not as yet grieve for   
thy sin1 thou hast no feeling of faith1 
,i yield2 yet canst thou grieve thou    
dost not grieve8 ,it troubles thee1 ,i  
am sure1 thine heart should be so       
impenitent and hard1 thou wouldst have  
it otherwise2 'tis thy desire to grieve1
 to repent1 and to believe4 ,thou lovest
 ,god's children and saints in the      
meantime1 hatest them not1 persecutest  
them not1 but rather wishest thyself a  
true professor1 to be as they are1 as   
thou thyself hast been heretofore2 which
 is an evident token thou art in no such
 desperate case4 ',tis a good sign of   
thy conversion1 thy sins are pardonable1
 thou art1 or shalt surely be           
reconciled4 ,the ,lord is near them that
 are of a contrite heart1 ,luke iv4 #ah4
 #fghd;,a true desire of mercy in the   
want of mercy1 is mercy itself2 a desire
 of grace in the want of grace1 is grace
 itself2 a constant and earnest desire  
to believe1 repent1 and to be reconciled

 to ,god1 if it be in a touched heart1  
is an acceptation of ,god1 a            
reconciliation1 faith and repentance    
itself4 ,for it is not thy faith and    
repentance1 as #fghe;,chrysostom truly  
teacheth1 that is available1 but ,god's 
mercy that is annexed to it1 ,he accepts
 the will for the deed3 so that ,i      
conclude1 to feel in ourselves the want 
of grace1 and to be grieved for it1 is  
grace itself4 ,i am troubled with fear  
my sins are not forgiven1 ,careless     
objects3 but ,bradford answers they are2
 ,for ,god hath given thee a penitent   
and believing heart1 that is1 a heart   
which desireth to repent and believe2   
for such an one is taken of him 7he     
accepting the will for the deed7 for a  
truly penitent and believing heart4 ,all
 this is true thou repliest1 but yet it 
concerns not thee1 'tis verified in     
ordinary offenders1 in common sins1 but 
thine are of a higher strain1 even      
against the ,holy ,ghost himself1       
irremissible sins1 sins of the first    

magnitude1 written with a pen of iron1  
engraven with a point of a diamond4     
,thou art worse than a pagan1 infidel1  
,jew1 or ,turk1 for thou art an apostate
 and more1 thou hast voluntarily        
blasphemed1 renounced ,god and all      
religion1 thou art worse than ,judas    
himself1 or they that crucified ,christ3
 for they did offend out of ignorance1  
but thou hast thought in thine heart    
there is no ,god4 ,thou hast given thy  
soul to the devil1 as witches and       
conjurors do1 explicite and implicite1  
by compact1 band and obligation 7a      
desperate1 a fearful case7 to satisfy   
thy lust1 or to be revenged of thine    
enemies1 thou didst never pray1 come to 
church1 hear1 read1 or do any divine    
duties with any devotion1 but for       
formality and fashion's sake1 with a    
kind of reluctance1 'twas troublesome   
and painful to thee to perform any such 
thing1 praeter voluntatem1 against thy  
will4 ,thou never mad'st any conscience 
of lying1 swearing1 bearing false       

witness1 murder1 adultery1 bribery1     
oppression1 theft1 drunkenness1         
idolatry1 but hast ever done all duties 
for fear of punishment1 as they were    
most advantageous1 and to thine own     
ends1 and committed all such notorious  
sins1 with an extraordinary delight1    
hating that thou shouldst love1 and     
loving that thou shouldst hate4 ,instead
 of faith1 fear and love of ,god1       
repentance1 c41 blasphemous thoughts    
have been ever harboured in his mind1   
even against ,god himself1 the blessed  
,trinity2 the #fghf,scripture false1    
rude1 harsh1 immethodical3 heaven1 hell1
 resurrection1 mere toys and fables1    
#fghg;incredible1 impossible1 absurd1   
vain1 ill contrived2 religion1 policy1  
and human invention1 to keep men in     
obedience1 or for profit1 invented by   
priests and lawgivers to that purpose4  
,if there be any such supreme power1 he 
takes no notice of our doings1 hears not
 our prayers1 regardeth them not1 will  
not1 cannot help1 or else he is partial1

 an excepter of persons1 author of sin1 
a cruel1 a destructive ,god1 to create  
our souls1 and destinate them to eternal
 damnation1 to make us worse than our   
dogs and horses1 why doth he not govern 
things better1 protect good men1 root   
out wicked livers8 why do they prosper  
and flourish8 as she raved in the       
#fghhtragedy--pellices caelum tenent1   
there they shine1 ,suasque ,perseus     
aureas stellas habet1 where is his      
providence8 how appears it8             
#fghi,marmoreo ,licinus tumulo jacet1 at
 ,cato parvo1 ,pomponius nullo1 quis    
putet esse ,deos4  ,why doth he suffer  
,turks to overcome ,christians1 the     
enemy to triumph over his church1       
paganism to domineer in all places as it
 doth1 heresies to multiply1 such       
enormities to be committed1 and so many 
such bloody wars1 murders1 massacres1   
plagues1 feral diseases6 why doth he not
 make us all good1 able1 sound8 why     
makes he #fgijvenomous creatures1 rocks1
 sands1 deserts1 this earth itself the  

muck-hill of the world1 a prison1 a     
house of correction8 #fgia,mentimur     
regnare ,jovem1 c41 with many such      
horrible and execrable conceits1 not fit
 to be uttered2 ,terribilia de fide1    
horribilia de ,divinitate4 ,they cannot 
some of them but think evil1 they are   
compelled volentes nolentes1 to         
blaspheme1 especially when they come to 
church and pray1 read1 c41 such foul and
 prodigious suggestions come into their 
hearts4 ,these are abominable1          
unspeakable offences1 and most opposite 
to ,god1 tentationes foedae1 et impiae1 
yet in this case1 he or they that shall 
be tempted and so affected1 must know1  
that no man living is free from such    
thoughts in part1 or at some times1 the 
most divine spirits have been so tempted
 in some sort1 evil custom1 omission of 
holy exercises1 ill company1 idleness1  
solitariness1 melancholy1 or depraved   
nature1 and the devil is still ready to 
corrupt1 trouble1 and divert our souls1 
to suggest such blasphemous thoughts    

into our fantasies1 ungodly1 profane1   
monstrous and wicked conceits3 ,if they 
come from ,satan1 they are more speedy1 
fearful and violent1 the parties cannot 
avoid them3 they are more frequent1 ,i  
say1 and monstrous when they come2 for  
the devil he is a spirit1 and hath means
 and opportunities to mingle himself    
with our spirits1 and sometimes more    
slyly1 sometimes more abruptly and      
openly1 to suggest such devilish        
thoughts into our hearts2 he insults and
 domineers in melancholy distempered    
fantasies and persons especially2       
melancholy is balneum1 diaboli1 as      
,serapio holds1 the devil's bath1 and   
invites him to come to it4 ,as a sick   
man frets1 raves in his fits1 speaks and
 doth he knows not what1 the devil      
violently compels such crazed souls to  
think such damned thoughts against their
 wills1 they cannot but do it2 sometimes
 more continuate1 or by fits1 he takes  
his advantage1 as the subject is less   
able to resist1 he aggravates1          

extenuates1 affirms1 denies1 damns1     
confounds the spirits1 troubles heart1  
brain1 humours1 organs1 senses1 and     
wholly domineers in their imaginations4 
,if they proceed from themselves1 such  
thoughts1 they are remiss and moderate1 
not so violent and monstrous1 not so    
frequent4 ,the devil commonly suggests  
things opposite to nature1 opposite to  
,god and his word1 impious1 absurd1 such
 as a man would never of himself1 or    
could not conceive1 they strike terror  
and horror into the parties' own hearts4
 ,for if he or they be asked whether    
they do approve of such like thoughts or
 no1 they answer 7and their own souls   
truly dictate as much7 they abhor them  
as much as hell and the devil himself1  
they would fain think otherwise if they 
could2 he hath thought otherwise1 and   
with all his soul desires so to think   
again2 he doth resist1 and hath some    
good motions intermixed now and then3 so
 that such blasphemous1 impious1 unclean
 thoughts1 are not his own1 but the     

devil's2 they proceed not from him1 but 
from a crazed phantasy1 distempered     
humours1 black fumes which offend his   
brain3 #fgibthey are thy crosses1 the   
devil's sins1 and he shall answer for   
them1 he doth enforce thee to do that   
which thou dost abhor1 and didst never  
give consent to3 and although he hath   
sometimes so slyly set upon thee1 and so
 far prevailed1 as to make thee in some 
sort to assent to such wicked thoughts1 
to delight in1 yet they have not        
proceeded from a confirmed will in thee1
 but are of that nature which thou dost 
afterwards reject and abhor4 ,therefore 
be not overmuch troubled and dismayed   
with such kind of suggestions1 at least 
if they please thee not1 because they   
are not thy personal sins1 for which    
thou shalt incur the wrath of ,god1 or  
his displeasure3 contemn1 neglect them1 
let them go as they come1 strive not too
 violently1 or trouble thyself too much1
 but as our ,saviour said to ,satan in  
like case1 say thou1 avoid ,satan1 ,i   

detest thee and them4 ,satanae est mala 
ingerere 7saith ,austin7 nostrum non    
consentire3 as ,satan labours to        
suggest1 so must we strive not to give  
consent1 and it will be sufficient3 the 
more anxious and solicitous thou art1   
the more perplexed1 the more thou shalt 
otherwise be troubled and entangled4    
,besides1 they must know this1 all so   
molested and distempered1 that although 
these be most execrable and grievous    
sins1 they are pardonable yet1 through  
,god's mercy and goodness1 they may be  
forgiven1 if they be penitent and sorry 
for them4 ,paul himself confesseth1     
,rom4 xvii4 #ai4 ,he did not the good he
 would do1 but the evil which he would  
not do2 'tis not ,i1 but sin that       
dwelleth in me4 ',tis not thou1 but     
,satan's suggestions1 his craft and     
subtlety1 his malice3 comfort thyself   
then if thou be penitent and grieved1 or
 desirous to be so1 these heinous sins  
shall not be laid to thy charge2 ,god's 
mercy is above all sins1 which if thou  

do not finally contemn1 without doubt   
thou shalt be saved4 #fgic,no man sins  
against the ,holy ,ghost1 but he that   
wilfully and finally renounceth ,christ1
 and contemneth him and his word to the 
last1 without which there is no         
salvation1 from which grievous sin1 ,god
 of his infinite mercy deliver us4 ,take
 hold of this to be thy comfort1 and    
meditate withal on ,god's word1 labour  
to pray1 to repent1 to be renewed in    
mind1 keep thine heart with all         
diligence4 ,prov4 iv4 #ac1 resist the   
devil1 and he will fly from thee1 pour  
out thy soul unto the ,lord with        
sorrowful ,hannah1 pray continually1 as 
,paul enjoins1 and as ,david did1 ,psalm
 i4 meditate on his law day and night4  
,yea1 but this meditation is that mars  
all1 and mistaken makes many men far    
worse1 misconceiving all they read or   
hear1 to their own overthrow2 the more  
they search and read ,scriptures1 or    
divine treatises1 the more they puzzle  
themselves1 as a bird in a net1 the more

 they are entangled and precipitated    
into this preposterous gulf3 ,many are  
called1 but few are chosen1 ,matt4 xx4  
#af4 and xxii4 #ad4 with such like      
places of ,scripture misinterpreted     
strike them with horror1 they doubt     
presently whether they be of this number
 or no3 ,god's eternal decree of        
predestination1 absolute reprobation1   
and such fatal tables1 they form to     
their own ruin1 and impinge upon this   
rock of despair4 ,how shall they be     
assured of their salvation1 by what     
signs8 ,if the righteous scarcely be    
saved1 where shall the ungodly and      
sinners appear8 #a ,pet4 iv4 #ah4 ,who  
knows1 saith ,solomon1 whether he be    
elect8 ,this grinds their souls1 how    
shall they discern they are not         
reprobates8 ,but ,i say again1 how shall
 they discern they are8 ,from the devil 
can be no certainty1 for he is a liar   
from the beginning2 if he suggests any  
such thing1 as too frequently he doth1  
reject him as a deceiver1 an enemy of   

human kind1 dispute not with him1 give  
no credit to him1 obstinately refuse    
him1 as ,st4 ,anthony did in the        
wilderness1 whom the devil set upon in  
several shapes1 or as the collier did1  
so do thou by him4 ,for when the devil  
tempted him with the weakness of his    
faith1 and told him he could not be     
saved1 as being ignorant in the         
principles of religion1 and urged him   
moreover to know what he believed1 what 
he thought of such and such points and  
mysteries3 the collier told him1 he     
believed as the church did2 but what    
7said the devil again7 doth the church  
believe8 as ,i do 7said the collier72   
and what's that thou believest8 as the  
church doth1 c41 when the devil could   
get no other answer1 he left him4 ,if   
,satan summon thee to answer1 send him  
to ,christ3 he is thy liberty1 thy      
protector against cruel death1 raging   
sin1 that roaring lion1 he is thy       
righteousness1 thy ,saviour1 and thy    
life4 ,though he say1 thou art not of   

the number of the elect1 a reprobate1   
forsaken of ,god1 hold thine own still1 
hic murus aheneus esto1 let this be as a
 bulwark1 a brazen wall to defend thee1 
stay thyself in that certainty of faith2
 let that be thy comfort1 ,christ will  
protect thee1 vindicate thee1 thou art  
one of his flock1 he will triumph over  
the law1 vanquish death1 overcome the   
devil1 and destroy hell4 ,if he say thou
 art none of the elect1 no believer1    
reject him1 defy him1 thou hast thought 
otherwise1 and mayst so be resolved     
again2 comfort thyself2 this persuasion 
cannot come from the devil1 and much    
less can it be grounded from thyself8   
men are liars1 and why shouldst thou    
distrust8 ,a denying ,peter1 a          
persecuting ,paul1 an adulterous cruel  
,david1 have been received2 an apostate 
,solomon may be converted2 no sin at all
 but impenitency1 can give testimony of 
final reprobation4 ,why shouldst thou   
then distrust1 misdoubt thyself1 upon   
what ground1 what suspicion8 ,this      

opinion alone of particularity8 ,against
 that1 and for the certainty of election
 and salvation on the other side1 see   
,god's good will toward men1 hear how   
generally his grace is proposed to him1 
and him1 and them1 each man in          
particular1 and to all4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #d4
 ,god will that all men be saved1 and   
come to the knowledge of the truth4     
',tis a universal promise1 ,god sent not
 his son into the world to condemn the  
world1 but that through him the world   
might be saved4 ,john iii4 #ag4 ,he that
 acknowledged himself a man in the      
world1 must likewise acknowledge he is  
of that number that is to be saved4     
,ezek4 xxxiii4 #aa1 ,i will not the     
death of a sinner1 but that he repent   
and live3 ,but thou art a sinner2       
therefore he will not thy death4 ,this  
is the will of him that sent me1 that   
every man that believeth in the ,son1   
should have everlasting life4 ,john vi4 
#dj4 ,he would have no man perish1 but  
all come to repentance1 #b ,pet4 iii4   

#i4 ,besides1 remission of sins is to be
 preached1 not to a few1 but universally
 to all men1 ,go therefore and tell all 
nations1 baptising them1 c4 ,matt4      
xxviii4 #ai4 ,go into all the world1 and
 preach the ,gospel to every creature1  
,mark xvi4 #ae4 ,now there cannot be    
contradictory wills in ,god1 he will    
have all saved1 and not all1 how can    
this stand together8 be secure then1    
believe1 trust in him1 hope well and be 
saved4 ,yea1 that's the main matter1 how
 shall ,i believe or discern my security
 from carnal presumption8 my faith is   
weak and faint1 ,i want those signs and 
fruits of sanctification1 #fgidsorrow   
for sin1 thirsting for grace1 groanings 
of the spirit1 love of ,christians as   
,christians1 avoiding occasion of sin1  
endeavour of new obedience1 charity1    
love of ,god1 perseverance4 ,though     
these signs be languishing in thee1 and 
not seated in thine heart1 thou must not
 therefore be dejected or terrified2 the
 effects of the faith and spirit are not

 yet so fully felt in thee2 conclude not
 therefore thou art a reprobate1 or     
doubt of thine election1 because the    
elect themselves are without them1      
before their conversion4 ,thou mayst in 
the ,lord's good time be converted2 some
 are called at the eleventh hour4 ,use1 
,i say1 the means of thy conversion1    
expect the ,lord's leisure1 if not yet  
called1 pray thou mayst be1 or at least 
wish and desire thou4 mayst be4         
,notwithstanding all this which might be
 said to this effect1 to ease their     
afflicted minds1 what comfort our best  
divines can afford in this case1        
,zanchius1 ,beza1 c4 ,this furious      
curiosity1 needless speculation1        
fruitless meditation about election1    
reprobation1 free will1 grace1 such     
places of ,scripture preposterously     
conceived1 torment still1 and crucify   
the souls of too many1 and set all the  
world together by the ears4 ,to avoid   
which inconveniences1 and to settle     
their distressed minds1 to mitigate     

those divine aphorisms1 7though in      
another extreme some7 our late          
,arminians have revived that plausible  
doctrine of universal grace1 which many 
fathers1 our late ,lutheran and modern  
papists do still maintain1 that we have 
free will of ourselves1 and that grace  
is common to all that will believe4     
,some again1 though less orthodoxal1    
will have a far greater part saved than 
shall be damned1 7as #fgie;,caelius     
,secundus stiffly maintains in his book1
 ,de amplitudine regni coelestis1 or    
some impostor under his name7 beatorum  
numerus multo major quam damnatorum4    
#fgif;,he calls that other tenet of     
special #fgig;election and reprobation1 
a prejudicate1 envious and malicious    
opinion1 apt to draw all men to         
desperation4 ,many are called1 few      
chosen1 c4 ,he opposeth some opposite   
parts of ,scripture to it1 ,christ came 
into the world to save sinners1 c4 ,and 
four especial arguments he produceth1   
one from ,god's power4 ,if more be      

damned than saved1 he erroneously       
concludes1 #fgihthe devil hath the      
greater sovereignty6 for what is power  
but to protect8 and majesty consists in 
multitude4 ,if the devil have the       
greater part1 where is his mercy1 where 
is his power8 how is he ,deus ,optimus  
,maximus1 misericors8 c41 where is his  
greatness1 where his goodness8 ,he      
proceeds1 #fgii,we account him a        
murderer that is accessory only1 or doth
 not help when he can2 which may not be 
supposed of ,god without great offence1 
because he may do what he will1 and is  
otherwise accessory1 and the author of  
sin4 ,the nature of good is to be       
communicated1 ,god is good1 and will not
 then be contracted in his goodness3 for
 how is he the father of mercy and      
comfort1 if his good concern but a few8 
,o envious and unthankful men to think  
otherwise6 #fhjj,why should we pray to  
,god that are ,gentiles1 and thank him  
for his mercies and benefits1 that hath 
damned us all innocuous for ,adam's     

offence1 one man's offence1 one small   
offence1 eating of an apple8 why should 
we acknowledge him for our governor that
 hath wholly neglected the salvation of 
our souls1 contemned us1 and sent no    
prophets or instructors to teach us1 as 
he hath done to the ,hebrews8 ,so       
,julian the apostate objects4 ,why      
should these ,christians 7,caelius      
urgeth7 reject us and appropriate ,god  
unto themselves1 ,deum illum suum       
unicum1 c4 ,but to return to our forged 
,caelius4 ,at last he comes to that1 he 
will have those saved that never heard  
of1 or believed in ,christ1 ex puris    
naturalibus1 with the ,pelagians1 and   
proves it out of ,origen and others4    
,they 7saith #fhja,origen7 that never   
heard ,god's word1 are to be excused for
 their ignorance2 we may not think ,god 
will be so hard1 angry1 cruel or unjust 
as to condemn any man indicta causa4    
,they alone 7he holds7 are in the state 
of damnation that refuse ,christ's mercy
 and grace1 when it is offered4 ,many   

worthy ,greeks and ,romans1 good moral  
honest men1 that kept the law of nature1
 did to others as they would be done to 
themselves1 as certainly saved1 he      
concludes1 as they were that lived      
uprightly before the law of ,moses4     
,they were acceptable in4 ,god's sight1 
as ,job was1 the ,magi1 the queen of    
,sheba1 ,darius of ,persia1 ,socrates1  
,aristides1 ,cato1 ,curius1 ,tully1     
,seneca1 and many other philosophers1   
upright livers1 no matter of what       
religion1 as ,cornelius1 out of any     
nation1 so that he live honestly1 call  
on ,god1 trust in him1 fear him1 he     
shall be saved4 ,this opinion was       
formerly maintained by the ,valentinian 
and ,basiledian heretics1 revived of    
late in #fhjb,turkey1 of what sect      
,rustan ,bassa was patron1 defended by  
#fhjc;,galeatius #fhjd;,erasmus1 by     
,zuinglius in exposit4 fidei ad ,regem  
,galliae1 whose tenet ,bullinger        
vindicates1 and ,gualter approves in a  
just apology with many arguments4 ,there

 be many ,jesuits that follow these     
,calvinists in this behalf1 ,franciscus 
,buchsius ,moguntinus1 ,andradius       
,consil4 ,trident1 many schoolmen that  
out of the #a ,rom4 v4 #ah4 #ai4 are    
verily persuaded that those good works  
of the ,gentiles did so far please ,god1
 that they might vitam aeternam         
promereri1 and be saved in the end4     
,sesellius1 and ,benedictus ,justinianus
 in his comment on the first of the     
,romans1 ,mathias ,ditmarsh the         
politician1 with many others1 hold a    
mediocrity1 they may be salute non      
indigni but they will not absolutely    
decree it4 ,hofmannus1 a ,lutheran      
professor of ,helmstad1 and many of his 
followers1 with most of our church1 and 
papists1 are stiff against it4          
,franciscus ,collius hath fully censured
 all opinions in his ,five ,books1 de   
,paganorum animabus post mortem1 and    
amply dilated this question1 which whoso
 will may peruse4 ,but to return to my  
author1 his conclusion is1 that not only

 wicked livers1 blasphemers1 reprobates1
 and such as reject ,god's grace1 but   
that the devils themselves shall be     
saved at last1 as #fhje,origen himself  
long since delivered in his works1 and  
our late #fhjf,socinians defend1        
,ostorodius1 cap4 #da4 institut4        
,smaltius1 c4 ,those terms of all and   
for ever in ,scripture1 are not eternal1
 but only denote a longer time1 which by
 many examples they prove4 ,the world   
shall end like a comedy1 and we shall   
meet at last in heaven1 and live in     
bliss altogether1 or else in conclusion1
 in nihil evanescere4 ,for how can he be
 merciful that shall condemn any        
creature to eternal unspeakable         
punishment1 for one small temporary     
fault1 all posterity1 so many myriads   
for one and another man's offence1 quid 
meruistis oves8 ,but these absurd       
paradoxes are exploded by our church1 we
 teach otherwise4 ,that this vocation1  
predestination1 election1 reprobation1  
non ex corrupta massa1 praeviso1 fide1  

as our ,arminians1 or ex praevisis      
operibus1 as our papists1 non ex        
praeteritione1 but ,god's absolute      
decree ante mundum creatum1 7as many of 
our church hold7 was from the beginning1
 before the foundation of the world was 
laid1 or homo conditus1 7or from ,adam's
 fall1 as others will1 homo lapsus      
objectum est reprobationis7 with        
perseverantia sanctorum1 we must be     
certain of our salvation1 we may fall   
but not finally1 which our ,arminians   
will not admit4 ,according to his       
immutable1 eternal1 just decree and     
counsel of saving men and angels1 ,god  
calls all1 and would have all to be     
saved according to the efficacy of      
vocation3 all are invited1 but only the 
elect apprehended3 the rest that are    
unbelieving1 impenitent1 whom ,god in   
his just judgment leaves to be punished 
for their sins1 are in a reprobate      
sense2 yet we must not determine who are
 such1 condemn ourselves or others1     
because we have a universal invitation2 

all are commanded to believe1 and we    
know not how soon or how late our end   
may be received4 ,i might have said more
 of this subject2 but forasmuch as it is
 a forbidden question1 and in the       
preface or declaration to the articles  
of the church1 printed #afcc1 to avoid  
factions and altercations1 we that are  
university divines especially1 are      
prohibited all curious search1 to print 
or preach1 or draw the article aside by 
our own sense and comments upon pain of 
ecclesiastical censure4 ,i will         
surcease1 and conclude with             
#fhjg;,erasmus of such controversies3   
,pugnet qui volet1 ego censeo leges     
majorum reverenter suscipiendas1 et     
religiose observandas1 velut a ,deo     
profectas2 nec esse tutum1 nec esse     
pium1 de potestate publica sinistram    
concipere aut serere suspicionem4 ,et   
siquid est tyrannidis1 quod tamen non   
cogat ad impietatem1 satius est ferre1  
quam seditiose reluctari4 ,but to my    
former task4 ,the last main torture and 

trouble of a distressed mind1 is not so 
much this doubt of election1 and that   
the promises of grace are smothered and 
extinct in them1 nay quite blotted out1 
as they suppose1 but withal ,god's heavy
 wrath1 a most intolerable pain and     
grief of heart seizeth on them3 to their
 thinking they are already damned1 they 
suffer the pains of hell1 and more than 
possibly can be expressed1 they smell   
brimstone1 talk familiarly with devils1 
hear and see chimeras1 prodigious1      
uncouth shapes1 bears1 owls1 antiques1  
black dogs1 fiends1 hideous outcries1   
fearful noises1 shrieks1 lamentable     
complaints1 they are possessed1         
#fhjh;and through impatience they roar  
and howl1 curse1 blaspheme1 deny ,god1  
call his power in question1 abjure      
religion1 and are still ready to offer  
violence unto themselves1 by hanging1   
drowning1 c4 ,never any miserable wretch
 from the beginning of the world was in 
such a woeful case4 ,to such persons ,i 
oppose ,god's mercy and his justice2    

,judicia ,dei occulta1 non injusta3 his 
secret counsel and just judgment1 by    
which he spares some1 and sore afflicts 
others again in this life2 his judgment 
is to be adored1 trembled at1 not to be 
searched or inquired after by mortal    
men3 he hath reasons reserved to        
himself1 which our frailty cannot       
apprehend4 ,he may punish all if he     
will1 and that justly for sin2 in that  
he doth it in some1 is to make a way for
 his mercy that they repent and be      
saved1 to heal them1 to try them1       
exercise their patience1 and make them  
call upon him1 to confess their sins and
 pray unto him1 as ,david did1 ,psalm   
cxix4 #acg4 ,righteous art thou1 ,o     
,lord1 and just are thy judgments4 ,as  
the poor publican1 ,luke xviii4 #ac4    
,lord have mercy upon me a miserable    
sinner4 ,to put confidence and have an  
assured hope in him1 as ,job had1 xiii4 
#ae4 ,though he kill me ,i will trust   
,in him3 ,ure1 seca1 occide ,o ,domine1 
7saith ,austin7 modo serves animam1     

kill1 cut in pieces1 burn my body 7,o   
,lord7 to save my soul4 ,a small        
sickness2 one lash of affliction1 a     
little misery1 many times will more     
humiliate a man1 sooner convert1 bring  
him home to know himself1 than all those
 paraenetical discourses1 the whole     
theory of philosophy1 law1 physic1 and  
divinity1 or a world of instances and   
examples4 ,so that this1 which they take
 to be such an insupportable plague1 is 
an evident sign of ,god's mercy and     
justice1 of ,his love and goodness3     
periissent nisi periissent1 had they not
 thus been undone1 they had finally been
 undone4 ,many a carnal man is lulled   
asleep in perverse security1 foolish    
presumption1 is stupefied in his sins1  
and hath no feeling at all of them3 ,i  
have sinned 7he saith7 and what evil    
shall come unto me1 ,eccles4 v4 #d1 and 
,tush1 how shall ,god know it8 and so in
 a reprobate sense goes down to hell4   
,but here1 ,cynthius aurem vellit1 ,god 
pulls them by the ear1 by affliction1 he

 will bring them to heaven and          
happiness2 ,blessed are they that mourn1
 for they shall be comforted1 ,matt4 v4 
#d1 a blessed and a happy state1 if     
considered aright1 it is1 to be so      
troubled4 ,it is good for me that ,i    
have been afflicted1 ,psal4 cxix4 before
 ,i was afflicted ,i went astray1 but   
now ,i keep ,thy word4 ,tribulation     
works patience1 patience hope1 ,rom4 v4 
#d1 and by such like crosses and        
calamities we are driven from the stake 
of security4 ,so that affliction is a   
school or academy1 wherein the best     
scholars are prepared to the            
commencements of the ,deity4 ,and though
 it be most troublesome and grievous for
 the time1 yet know this1 it comes by   
,god's permission and providence2 ,he is
 a spectator of thy groans and tears1   
still present with thee1 the very hairs 
of thy head are numbered1 not one of    
them can fall to the ground without the 
express will of ,god3 he will not suffer
 thee to be tempted above measure1 he   

corrects us all1 #fhjinumero1 pondere1  
et mensura1 the ,lord will not quench   
the smoking flax1 or break the bruised  
reed1 ,tentat 7saith ,austin7 non ut    
obruat1 sed ut coronet he suffers thee  
to be tempted for thy good4 ,and as a   
mother doth handle her child sick and   
weak1 not reject it1 but with all       
tenderness observe and keep it1 so doth 
,god by us1 not forsake us in our       
miseries1 or relinquish us for our      
imperfections1 but with all pity and    
compassion support and receive us2 whom 
he loves1 he loves to the end4 ,rom4    
viii4 ,whom ,he hath elected1 those ,he 
hath called1 justified1 sanctified1 and 
glorified4 ,think not then thou hast    
lost the ,spirit1 that thou art forsaken
 of ,god1 be not overcome with heaviness
 of heart1 but as ,david said1 ,i will  
not fear though ,i walk in the shadows  
of death4 ,we must all go1 non a        
deliciis ad delicias1 #fhaj;but from the
 cross to the crown1 by hell to heaven1 
as the old ,romans put ,virtue's temple 

in the way to that of ,honour2 we must  
endure sorrow and misery in this life4  
',tis no new thing this1 ,god's best    
servants and dearest children have been 
so visited and tried4 ,christ in the    
garden cried out1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 why
 hast thou forsaken me8 ,his son by     
nature1 as thou art by adoption and     
grace4 ,job1 in his anguish1 said1 ,the 
arrows of the ,almighty ,god were in    
him1 ,job vi4 #d4 ,his terrors fought   
against him1 the venom drank up his     
spirit1 cap4 xiii4 #bf4 ,he saith1 ,god 
was his enemy1 writ bitter things       
against him 7xvi4 #i47 hated him4 ,his  
heavy wrath had so seized on his soul4  
,david complains1 his eyes were eaten   
up1 sunk into his head1 ,ps4 vi4 #g1 his
 moisture became as the drought in      
summer1 his flesh was consumed1 his     
bones vexed3 yet neither ,job nor ,david
 did finally despair4 ,job would not    
leave his hold1 but still trust in ,him1
 acknowledging ,him to be his good ,god4
 ,the ,lord gives1 the ,lord takes1     

blessed be the name of the ,lord1 ,job4 
i4 #ba4 ,behold ,i am vile1 ,i abhor    
myself1 repent in dust and ashes1 ,job  
xxxix4 #cg4 ,david humbled himself1     
,psal4 xxxi4 and upon his confession    
received mercy4 ,faith1 hope1           
repentance1 are the sovereign cures and 
remedies1 the sole comforts in this     
case2 confess1 humble thyself1 repent1  
it is sufficient4 ,quod purpura non     
potest1 saccus potest1 saith            
,chrysostom2 the king of ,nineveh's     
sackcloth and ashes did that which his  
purple robes and crown could not effect2
 ,quod diadema non potuit1 cinis        
perfecit4 ,turn to ,him1 he will turn to
 thee2 the ,lord is near those that are 
of a contrite heart1 and will save such 
as be afflicted in spirit1 ,ps4 xxxiv4  
#ah4 ,he came to the lost sheep of      
,israel1 ,matt4 xv4 #ad4 ,si cadentem   
intuetur1 clementiae manum protendit1   
,he is at all times ready to assist4    
,nunquam spernit ,deus ,poenitentiam si 
sincere et simpliciter offeratur1 ,he   

never rejects a penitent sinner1 though 
he have come to the full height of      
iniquity1 wallowed and delighted in sin2
 yet if he will forsake his former ways1
 libenter amplexatur1 ,he will receive  
him4 ,parcam huic homini1 saith         
#fhaa;,austin1 7ex persona ,dei7 quia   
sibi ipsi non pepercit2 ignoscam quia   
peccatum agnovit4 ,i will spare him     
because he hath not spared himself2 ,i  
will pardon him because he doth         
acknowledge his offence3 let it be never
 so enormous a sin1 ,his grace is       
sufficient1 #b ,cor4 xii4 #i4 ,despair  
not then1 faint not at all1 be not      
dejected1 but rely on ,god1 call on him 
an thy trouble1 and he will hear thee1  
he will assist1 help1 and deliver thee3 
,draw near to ,him1 he will draw near to
 thee1 ,james iv4 #h4 ,lazarus was poor 
and full of boils1 and yet still he     
relied upon ,god1 ,abraham did hope     
beyond hope4 ,thou exceptest1 these were
 chief men1 divine spirits1 ,deo cari1  
beloved of ,god1 especially respected2  

but ,i am a contemptible and forlorn    
wretch1 forsaken of ,god1 and left to   
the merciless fury of evil spirits4 ,i  
cannot hope1 pray1 repent1 c4 ,how often
 shall ,i say it8 thou mayst perform all
 those duties1 ,christian offices1 and  
be restored in good time4 ,a sick man   
loseth his appetite1 strength and       
ability1 his disease prevaileth so far1 
that all his faculties are spent1 hand  
and foot perform not their duties1 his  
eyes are dim1 hearing dull1 tongue      
distastes things of pleasant relish1 yet
 nature lies hid1 recovereth again1 and 
expelleth all those feculent matters by 
vomit1 sweat1 or some such like         
evacuations4 ,thou art spiritually sick1
 thine heart is heavy1 thy mind         
distressed1 thou mayst happily recover  
again1 expel those dismal passions of   
fear and grief2 ,god did not suffer thee
 to be tempted above measure2 whom he   
loves 7,i say7 he loves to the end2 hope
 the best4 ,david in his misery prayed  
to the ,lord1 remembering how he had    

formerly dealt with him2 and with that  
meditation of ,god's mercy confirmed his
 faith1 and pacified his own tumultuous 
heart in his greatest agony4 ,o my soul1
 why art thou so disquieted within me1  
c4 ,thy soul is eclipsed for a time1 ,i 
yield1 as the sun is shadowed by a      
cloud2 no doubt but those gracious beams
 of ,god's mercy will shine upon thee   
again1 as they have formerly done3 those
 embers of faith1 hope and repentance1  
now buried in ashes1 will flame out     
afresh1 and be fully revived4 ,want of  
faith1 no feeling of grace for the      
present1 are not fit directions2 we must
 live by faith1 not by feeling2 'tis the
 beginning of grace to wish for grace3  
we must expect and tarry4 ,david1 a man 
after ,god's own heart1 was so troubled 
himself2 ,awake1 why sleepest thou8 ,o  
,lord1 arise1 cast me not off2 wherefore
 hidest thou thy face1 and forgettest   
mine affliction and oppression8 ,my soul
 is bowed down to the dust4 ,arise1     
redeem us1 c41 ,ps4 xliv4 #bb4 ,he      

prayed long before he was heard1        
expectans expectavit2 endured much      
before he was relieved4 ,psal4 lxix4 #c1
 he complains1 ,i am weary of crying1   
and my throat is dry1 mine eyes fail1   
whilst ,i wait on the ,lord2 and yet he 
perseveres4 ,be not dismayed1 thou shalt
 be respected at last4 ,god often works 
by contrarieties1 he first kills and    
then makes alive1 he woundeth first and 
then healeth1 he makes man sow in tears 
that he may reap in joy2 'tis ,god's    
method3 he that is so visited1 must with
 patience endure and rest satisfied for 
the present4 ,the paschal lamb was eaten
 with sour herbs2 we shall feel no      
sweetness of ,his blood1 till we first  
feel the smart of our sins4 ,thy pains  
are great1 intolerable for the time2    
thou art destitute of grace and comfort1
 stay the ,lord's leisure1 he will not  
7,i say7 suffer thee to be tempted above
 that thou art able to bear1 #a ,cor4 x4
 #ac4 but will give an issue to         
temptation4 ,he works all for the best  

to them that love ,god1 ,rom4 viii4 #bh4
 ,doubt not of thine election1 it is an 
immutable decree2 a mark never to be    
defaced3 you have been otherwise1 you   
may and shall be4 ,and for your present 
affliction1 hope the best1 it will      
shortly end4 ,he is present with his    
servants in their affliction1 ,ps4 xci4 
#ae4 ,great are the troubles of the     
righteous1 but the ,lord delivereth them
 out of all1 ,ps4 xxxiv4 #ai4 ,our light
 affliction1 which is but for a moment1 
worketh in us an eternal weight of      
glory1 #b4 ,cor4 iv4 #ah4 ,not          
answerable to that glory which is to    
come2 though now in heaviness1 saith #a 
,pet4 i4 #f1 you shall rejoice4 ,now    
last of all to those external           
impediments1 terrible objects1 which    
they hear and see many times1 devils1   
bugbears1 and mormeluches1 noisome      
smells1 c4 ,these may come1 as ,i have  
formerly declared in my precedent       
discourse of the ,symptoms of           
,melancholy1 from inward causes2 as a   

concave glass reflects solid bodies1 a  
troubled brain for want of sleep1       
nutriment1 and by reason of that        
agitation of spirits to which ,hercules 
de ,saxonia attributes all symptoms     
almost1 may reflect and show prodigious 
shapes1 as our vain fear and crazed     
phantasy shall suggest and feign1 as    
many silly weak women and children in   
the dark1 sick folks1 and frantic for   
want of repast and sleep1 suppose they  
see that they see not3 many times such  
terriculaments may proceed from natural 
causes1 and all other senses may be     
deluded4 ,besides1 as ,i have said1 this
 humour is balneum diaboli1 the devil's 
bath1 by reason of the distemper of     
humours1 and infirm organs in us3 he may
 so possess us inwardly to molest us1 as
 he did ,saul and others1 by ,god's     
permission3 he is prince of the air1 and
 can transform himself into several     
shapes1 delude all our senses for a     
time1 but his power is determined1 he   
may terrify us1 but not hurt2 ,god hath 

given ,his angels charge over us1 ,he is
 a wall round about his people1 ,psal4  
xci4 #aa1 #ab4 ,there be those that     
prescribe physic in such cases1 'tis    
,god's instrument and not unfit4 ,the   
devil works by mediation of humours1 and
 mixed diseases must have mixed         
remedies4 ,levinus ,lemnius cap4 #eg    
#eh1 exhort4 ad vit4 ep4 instit4 is very
 copious on this subject1 besides that  
chief remedy of confidence in ,god1     
prayer1 hearty repentance1 c41 of which 
for your comfort and instruction1 read  
,lavater de spectris part4 #c4 cap4 #e4 
and #f4 ,wierus de praestigiis daemonum 
lib4 #e4 to ,philip ,melancthon1 and    
others1 and that ,christian armour which
 ,paul prescribes2 he sets down certain 
amulets1 herbs1 and precious stones1    
which have marvellous virtues all1      
profligandis daemonibus1 to drive away  
devils and their illusions4 ,sapphires1 
chrysolites1 carbuncles1 c4 ,quae mira  
virtute pollent ad lemures1 stryges1    
incubos1 genios aereos arcendos1 si     

veterum monumentis habenda fides4 ,of   
herbs1 he reckons us pennyroyal1 rue1   
mint1 angelica1 peony3 ,rich4 ,argentine
 de praestigiis daemonum1 cap4 #bj1     
adds1 hypericon or ,st4 ,john's wort1   
perforata herba1 which by a divine      
virtue drives away devils1 and is       
therefore fuga daemonum3 all which      
rightly used by their suffitus1         
,daemonum vexationibus obsistunt1       
afflictas mentes a daemonibus relevant1 
et venenatis ,jiimis1 expel devils      
themselves1 and all devilish illusions4 
,anthony ,musa1 the ,emperor ,augustus1 
his physician1 cap4 #f1 de ,betonia1    
approves of betony to this purpose2     
#fhabthe ancients used therefore to     
plant it in churchyards1 because it was 
held to be an holy herb and good against
 fearful visions1 did secure such places
 as it grew in1 and sanctified those    
persons that carried it about them4     
,idem fere ,mathiolus in dioscoridem4   
,others commend accurate music1 so ,saul
 was helped by ,david's harp4 ,fires to 

be made in such rooms where spirits     
haunt1 good store of lights to be set   
up1 odours1 perfumes1 and               
suffumigations1 as the angel taught     
,tobias1 of brimstone and bitumen1 thus1
 myrrh1 briony root1 with many such     
simples which ,wecker hath collected1   
lib4 #ae1 de secretis1 cap4 #ae4        
sulphuris drachmam unam1 recoquatur in  
vitis albae1 aqua1 ut dilutius sit      
sulphur2 detur aegro3 nam daemones sunt 
morbi 7saith ,rich4 ,argentine1 lib4 de 
praestigiis daemonum1 cap4 ult47        
,vigetus hath a far larger receipt to   
this purpose1 which the said ,wecker    
cites out of ,wierus1  sulphuris1 vini1 
bituminis1 opoponacis1 galbani1         
castorei1 c4 ,why sweet perfumes1 fires 
and so many lights should be used in    
such places1 ,ernestus ,burgravius      
,lucerna vitae1 et mortis1 and          
,fortunius ,lycetus assigns this cause1 
quod his boni genii provocentur1 mali   
arceaniur2 because good spirits are well
 pleased with1 but evil abhor them6 ,and

 therefore those old ,gentiles1 present 
,mahometans1 and ,papists have continual
 lamps burning in their churches all day
 and all night1 lights at funerals and  
in their graves2 lucernae ardentes ex   
auro liquefacto for many ages to endure 
7saith ,lazius71 ne daemones corpus     
laedant2 lights ever burning as those   
vestal virgins4 ,pythonissae maintained 
heretofore1 with many such1 of which    
read ,tostatus in #b ,reg4 cap4 #f4     
quaest4 #dc1 ,thyreus1 cap4 #eg1 #eh1   
#fb1 c4 de locis infestis1 ,pictorius   
,isagog4 de daemonibus1 c41 see more in 
them4 ,cardan would have the party      
affected wink altogether in such a case1
 if he see aught that offends him1 or   
cut the air with a sword in such places 
they walk and abide2 gladiis enim et    
lanceis terrentur1 shoot a pistol at    
them1 for being aerial bodies 7as       
,caelius ,rhodiginus1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bi4
 ,tertullian1 ,origen1 ,psellas1 and    
many hold71 if stroken1 they feel pain4 
,papists commonly enjoin and apply      

crosses1 holy water1 sanctified beads1  
amulets1 music1 ringing of bells1 for to
 that end are they consecrated1 and by  
them baptised1 characters1 counterfeit  
relics1 so many masses1 peregrinations1 
oblations1 adjurations1 and what not8   
,alexander ,albertinus a1 ,rocha1       
,petrus ,thyreus1 and ,hieronymus       
,mengus1 with many other pontificial    
writers1 prescribe and set down several 
forms of exorcisms1 as well to houses   
possessed with devils1 as to demoniacal 
persons2 but ,i am of #fhac,lemnius's   
mind1 'tis but damnosa adjuratio1 aut   
potius ludificatio1 a mere mockery1 a   
counterfeit charm1 to no purpose1 they  
are fopperies and fictions1 as that     
absurd #fhadstory is amongst the rest1  
of a penitent woman seduced by a        
magician in ,france1 at ,st4 ,bawne1    
exorcised by ,domphius1 ,michaelis1 and 
a company of circumventing friars4 ,if  
any man 7saith ,lemnius7 will attempt   
such a thing1 without all those juggling
 circumstances1 astrological elections  

of time1 place1 prodigious habits1      
fustian1 big1 sesquipedal words1 spells1
 crosses1 characters1 which exorcists   
ordinarily use1 let him follow the      
example of ,peter and ,john1 that       
without any ambitious swelling terms1   
cured a lame man4 ,acts iii4 ,in the    
name of ,christ ,jesus rise and walk4   
,his name alone is the best and only    
charm against all such diabolical       
illusions1 so doth ,origen advise3 and  
so ,chrysostom1 ,haec erit tibi baculus1
 haec turris inexpugnabilis1 haec       
armatura4 ,nos quid ad haec dicemus1    
plures fortasse expectabunt1 saith ,st4 
,austin4 ,many men will desire my       
counsel and opinion what is to be done  
in this behalf2 ,i can say no more1 quam
 ut vera fide1 quae per dilectionem     
operatur1 ad ,deum unum fugiamus1 let   
them fly to ,god alone for help4        
,athanasius in his book1 ,de variis     
quaest4 prescribes as a present charm   
against devils1 the beginning of the    
lxvii4 ,psalm4 ,exurgat ,deus1          

dissipentur inimici1 c4 ,but the best   
remedy is to fly to ,god1 to call on    
him1 hope1 pray1 trust1 rely on him1 to 
commit ourselves wholly to him4 ,what   
the practice of the primitive church was
 in this behalf1 ,et quis daemonia      
ejiciendi modus1 read ,wierus at large1 
lib4 #e4 de ,cura4 ,lam4 meles4 cap4    
#ch4 et deinceps4 ,last of all3 if the  
party affected shall certainly know this
 malady to have proceeded from too much 
fasting1 meditation1 precise life1      
contemplation of ,god's judgments 7for  
the devil deceives many by such means71 
in that other extreme he circumvents    
melancholy itself1 reading some books1  
treatises1 hearing rigid preachers1 c4  
,if he shall perceive that it hath begun
 first from some great loss1 grievous   
accident1 disaster1 seeing others in    
like case1 or any such terrible object1 
let him speedily remove the cause1 which
 to the cure of this disease ,navarras  
so much commends1 #fhae;avertat         
cogitationem a re scrupulosa1 by all    

opposite means1 art1 and industry1 let  
him laxare animum1 by all honest        
recreations1 refresh and recreate his   
distressed soul2 let him direct his     
thoughts1 by himself and other of his   
friends4 ,let him read no more such     
tracts or subjects1 hear no more such   
fearful tones1 avoid such companies1 and
 by all means open himself1 submit      
himself to the advice of good physicians
 and divines1 which is contraventio     
scrupulorum1 as #fhaf;he calls it1 hear 
them speak to whom the ,lord hath given 
the tongue of the learned1 to be able to
 minister a word to him that is weary1  
#fhagwhose words are as flagons of wine4
 ,let him not be obstinate1 headstrong1 
peevish1 wilful1 self-conceited 7as in  
this malady they are71 but give ear to  
good advice1 be ruled and persuaded2 and
 no doubt but such good counsel may     
prove as preposterous to his soul1 as   
the angel was to ,peter1 that opened the
 iron gates1 loosed his bands1 brought  
him out of prison1 and delivered him    

from bodily thraldom2 they may ease his 
afflicted mind1 relieve his wounded     
soul1 and take him out of the jaws of   
hell itself4 ,i can say no more1 or give
 better advice to such as are any way   
distressed in this kind1 than what ,i   
have given and said4 ,only take this for
 a corollary and conclusion1 as thou    
tenderest thine own welfare in this1 and
 all other melancholy1 thy good health  
of body and mind1 observe this short    
precept1 give not way to solitariness   
and idleness4 ,be not solitary1 be not  
idle4 ,,sperate ,,miseri--,,unhappy     
,,hope4 ,,cavete ,,felices--,,happy ,,be
 ,,cautious4 ,vis a dubio liberari8 vis 
quod incertum est evadere8 ,age         
poenitentiam dum sanus es2 sic agens1   
dico tibi quod securus es1 quod         
poenitentiam egisti eo tempore quo      
peccare potuisti4 ,austin4 ,do you wish 
to be freed from doubts8 do you desire  
to escape uncertainty8 ,be penitent     
whilst rational3 by so doing ,i assert  
that you are safe1 because you have     

devoted that time to penitence in which 
you might have been guilty of sin4      
,,index4  ,absence a cure of            
love-melancholy ,absence over long1     
cause of jealousy ,abstinence commended 
,academicorum ,errata ,adversity1 why   
better than prosperity ,aerial devils   
,affections whence they arise2 how they 
transform us2 of sleeping and waking    
,affection in melancholy1 what ,against 
abuses1 repulse1 injuries1 contumely1   
disgraces1 scoffs ,against envy1 livor1 
hatred1 malice ,against sorrow1 vain    
fears1 death of friends ,air1 how it    
causeth melancholy2 how rectified it    
cureth melancholy2 air in love ,alkermes
 good against melancholy ,all are       
melancholy ,all beautiful parts         
attractive in love ,aloes1 his virtues  
,alteratives in physic1 to what use2    
against melancholy ,ambition defined1   
described1 cause of melancholy2 of      
heresy2 hinders and spoils many matches 
,amiableness loves object ,amorous      
objects causes of love-melancholy       

,amulets controverted1 approved         
,amusements ,anger's description1       
effects1 how it causeth melancholy      
,antimony a purger of melancholy        
,anthony inveigled by ,cleopatra        
,apology of love-melancholy ,appetite   
,apples1 good or bad1 how ,apparel and  
clothes1 a cause of love-melancholy     
,aqueducts of old ,arminian's tenets    
,arteries1 what ,artificial air against 
melancholy ,artificial allurements of   
love ,art of memory ,astrological       
aphorisms1 how available1 signs or      
causes of melancholy ,astrological signs
 of love ,atheists described ,averters  
of melancholy ,aurum potabile censured1 
approved ,b4 ,baits of lovers ,bald     
lascivious ,balm good against melancholy
 ,banishment's effects2 its cure and    
antidote ,barrenness1 what grievances it
 causeth2 a cause of jealousy ,barren   
grounds have best air ,bashfulness a    
symptom of melancholy2 of               
love-melancholy2 cured ,baseness of     
birth no disparagement ,baths rectified 

,bawds a cause of love-melancholy       
,beasts and birds in love ,beauty's     
definition2 described2 in parts2        
commendation2 attractive power1         
prerogatives1 excellency1 how it causeth
 melancholy2 makes grievous wounds1     
irresistible2 more beholding to art than
 nature2 brittle and uncertain2         
censured2 a cause of jealousy2 beauty of
 ,god ,beef a melancholy meat ,beer     
censured ,best site of a house ,bezoar's
 stone good against melancholy ,black   
eyes best ,black spots in the nails     
signs of melancholy ,black man a pearl  
in a woman's eye ,blasphemy1 how        
pardonable ,blindness of lovers         
,bloodletting1 when and how cure of     
melancholy2 time and quantity           
,bloodletting and purging1 how causes of
 melancholy ,blow on the head cause of  
melancholy ,body1 how it works on the   
mind ,body melancholy1 its causes       
,bodily symptoms of melancholy2 of      
love-melancholy ,bodily exercises ,books
 of all sorts ,borage and bugloss1      

sovereign herbs against melancholy2     
their wines and juice most excellent    
,boring of the head1 a cure for         
melancholy ,brain distempered1 how cause
 of melancholy2 his parts anatomised    
,bread and beer1 how causes of          
melancholy ,brow and forehead1 which are
 most pleasing ,brute beasts jealous    
,business the best cure of              
love-melancholy ,c4 ,cardan's father    
conjured up seven devils at once2 had a 
spirit bound to him ,cards and dice     
censured1 approved ,care's effects ,carp
 fish's nature ,cataplasms and cerates  
for melancholy ,cause of diseases       
,causes immediate of melancholy symptoms
 ,causes of honest love2 of heroical    
love2 of jealousy ,cautions against     
jealousy ,centaury good against         
melancholy ,charles the ,great enforced 
to love basely by a philter ,change of  
countenance1 sign of love-melancholy    
,charity described2 defects of it       
,character of a covetous man ,charles   
the ,sixth1 king of ,france1 mad for    

anger ,chemical physic censured         
,chess-play censured ,chiromantical     
signs of melancholy ,chirurgical        
remedies of melancholy ,choleric        
melancholy signs ,chorus sancti ,viti1 a
 disease ,circumstances increasing      
jealousy ,cities' recreations ,civil    
lawyers' miseries ,climes and particular
 places1 how causes of love-melancholy  
,clothes a mere cause of good respect   
,clothes causes of love-melancholy      
,clysters good for melancholy ,coffee1 a
 ,turkey cordial drink ,cold air cause  
of melancholy ,comets above the moon    
,compound alteratives censured1         
approved2 compound purgers of           
melancholy2 compound wines for          
melancholy ,community of wives a cure of
 jealousy ,compliment and good carriage 
causes of love-melancholy ,confections  
and conserves against melancholy        
,confession of his grief to a friend1 a 
principal cure of melancholy ,confidence
 in his physician half a cure ,conjugal 
love best ,conscience what it is        

,conscience troubled1 a cause of despair
 ,continual cogitation of his mistress a
 symptom of love-melancholy ,contention1
 brawling1 lawsuits1 effects ,continent 
or inward causes of melancholy ,content 
above all1 whence to be had             
,contention's cure ,cookery taxed       
,copernicus1 his hypothesis of the      
earth's motion ,correctors of accidents 
in melancholy ,correctors to expel      
windiness1 and costiveness helped       
,cordials against melancholy            
,costiveness to some a cause of         
melancholy ,costiveness helped          
,covetousness defined1 described1 how it
 causeth melancholy ,counsel against    
melancholy2 cure of jealousy2 of despair
 ,country recreations ,crocodiles       
jealous ,cuckolds common in all ages    
,cupping-glasses1 cauteries how and when
 used to melancholy ,cure of melancholy1
 unlawful1 rejected2 from ,god2 of      
head-melancholy2 over all the body2 of  
hypochondriacal melancholy2 of          
love-melancholy2 of jealousy2 of despair

 ,cure of melancholy in himself2 or     
friends ,curiosity described1 his       
effects ,custom of diet1 delight of     
appetite1 how to be kept and yielded to 
,d4 ,dancing1 masking1 mumming1         
censured1 approved2 their effects1 how  
they cause love-melancholy2 how symptoms
 of lovers ,death foretold by spirits   
,death of friends cause of melancholy2  
other effects2 how cured2 death         
advantageous ,deformity of body no      
misery ,delirium ,despair1              
equivocations2 causes2 symptoms2        
prognostics2 cure ,devils1 how they     
cause melancholy2 their1 beginning1     
nature1 conditions2 feel pain1 swift in 
motion1 mortal2 their orders2 power2 how
 they cause religious melancholy2 how   
despair2 devils are often in love2 shall
 be saved1 as some hold ,diet what1 and 
how causeth melancholy2 quantity2 diet  
of divers nations ,diet rectified in    
substance2 in quantity ,diet a cause of 
love-melancholy2 a cure ,diet1          
inordinate1 of parents1 a cause of      

melancholy to their offspring           
,digression against all manner of       
discontents2 digression of air2 of      
anatomy of devils and spirits           
,discommodities of unequal matches      
,disgrace a cause of melancholy2        
qualified by counsel ,dissimilar parts  
of the body ,distemper of particular    
parts1 causes of melancholy1 and how    
,discontents1 cares1 miseries1 causes of
 melancholy2 how repelled and cured by  
good counsel ,diseases why inflicted    
upon us2 their number1 definition1      
division2 diseases of the head2 diseases
 of the mind2 more grievous than those  
of the body ,divers accidents causing   
melancholy ,divine sentences ,divines'  
miseries2 with the causes of their      
miseries ,dotage what ,dotage of lovers 
,dowry and money main causes of         
love-melancholy ,dreams and their kinds 
,dreams troublesome1 how to be amended  
,drunkards' children often melancholy   
,drunkenness taxed ,e4 ,earth's motion  
examined2 compass1 centre2 an sit       

anamata4 ,eccentrics and epicycles      
exploded ,education a cause of          
melancholy ,effects of love ,election   
misconceived1 cause of despair ,element 
of fire exploded ,emulation1 hatred1    
faction1 desire of revenge1 causes of   
melancholy2 their cure ,envy and malice 
causes of melancholy2 their antidote    
,epicurus vindicated ,epicurus's remedy 
for melancholy ,epicures1 atheists1     
hypocrites how mad1 and melancholy      
,epithalamium ,equivocations of         
melancholy2 of jealousy ,eunuchs why    
kept1 and where ,evacuations1 how they  
cause melancholy ,exercise if           
immoderate1 cause of melancholy2 before 
meals wholesome2 exercise rectified2    
several kinds1 when fit2 exercises of   
the mind ,exotic and strange simples    
censured ,extasies ,eyes main           
instruments of love2 love's darts1      
seats1 orators1 arrows1 torches2 how    
they pierce ,f4 ,face's prerogative1 a  
most attractive part ,fairies ,fasting  
cause of melancholy2 a cure of          

love-melancholy2 abused1 the devil's    
instrument2 effects of it ,fear cause of
 melancholy1 its effects2 fear of death1
 destinies foretold2 a symptom of       
melancholy2 sign of love-melancholy2    
antidote to fear ,fenny fowl1 melancholy
 ,fiery devils ,fire's rage ,fish1 what 
melancholy ,fish good ,fishes in love   
,fishing and fowling1 how and when good 
exercise ,flaxen hair a great motive of 
love ,fools often beget wise men2 by    
love become wise ,force of imagination  
,friends a cure of melancholy ,fruits   
causing melancholy2 allowed ,fumitory   
purgeth melancholy ,g4 ,gaming a cause  
of melancholy1 his effects ,gardens of  
simples where1 to what end ,gardens for 
pleasure ,general toleration of         
religion1 by whom permitted1 and why    
,gentry1 whence it came first2 base     
without means2 vices accompanying it2   
true gentry1 whence2 gentry commended   
,geography commended ,geometry1         
arithmetic1 algebra1 commended ,gesture 
cause of love-melancholy ,gifts and     

promises of great force amongst lovers  
,god's just judgment cause of           
melancholy2 sole cause sometimes ,gold  
good against melancholy2 a most         
beautiful object ,good counsel a charm  
to melancholy2 good counsel for lovesick
 persons2 against melancholy itself2 for
 such as are jealous ,great men most    
part dishonest ,gristle what ,guts      
described ,h4 ,hand and paps how        
forcible in love-melancholy ,hard usage 
a cause of jealousy ,hatred cause of    
melancholy ,hawking and hunting why good
 ,head melancholy's causes2 symptoms2   
its cure ,hearing1 what ,heat           
immoderate1 cause of melancholy ,health 
a treasure ,heavens penetrable2         
infinitely swift ,hell where ,hellebore1
 white and black1 purgers of melancholy2
 black1 its virtues and history ,help   
from friends against melancholy         
,hemorrhage cause of melancholy         
,hemorrhoids stopped cause of melancholy
 ,herbs causing melancholy2 curing      
melancholy ,hereditary diseases         

,heretics their conditions2 their       
symptoms ,heroical love's pedigree1     
power1 extent2 definition1 part         
affected2 tyranny ,hippocrates' jealousy
 ,honest objects of love ,hope a cure of
 misery2 its benefits ,hope and fear1   
the ,devil's main engines to entrap the 
world ,hops good against melancholy     
,horseleeches how and when used in      
melancholy ,hot countries apt and prone 
to jealousy ,how oft 'tis fit to eat in 
a day ,how to resist passions ,how men  
fall in love ,humours1 what they are    
,hydrophobia described ,hypochondriacal 
melancholy2 its causes inward1 outward2 
symptom2 cure of it ,hypochondries      
misaffected1 causes ,hypocrites         
described ,i4 ,idleness a main cause of 
melancholy2 of love-melancholy2 of      
jealousy ,ignorance the mother of       
devotion ,ignorance commended ,ignorant 
persons still circumvented ,imagination 
what2 its force and effects ,imagination
 of the mother affects her infant       
,immaterial melancholy ,immortality of  

the soul proved2 impugned by whom       
,impediments of lovers ,importunity and 
opportunity cause of love-melancholy2 of
 jealousy ,imprisonment cause of        
melancholy ,impostures of devils2 of    
politicians2 of priests ,impotency a    
cause of jealousy ,impulsive cause of   
man's misery ,incubi and succubi        
,inconstancy of lovers ,inconstancy a   
sign of melancholy ,infirmities of body 
and mind1 what grievances they cause    
,injuries and abuses rectified          
,instrumental causes of diseases        
,instrumental cause of man's misery     
,interpreters of dreams ,inundation's   
fury ,inventions resulting from love    
,inward causes of melancholy ,inward    
senses described ,issues when used in   
melancholy ,j4 ,jealousy a symptom of   
melancholy2 defined1 described2 of      
princes2 of brute beasts2 causes of it2 
symptoms of it2 prognostics2 cure of it 
,jests how and when to be used ,jews'   
religious symptoms ,joy in excess cause 
of melancholy ,k4 ,kings and princes'   

discontents ,kissing a main cause of    
love-melancholy2 a symptom of           
love-melancholy ,l4 ,labour1 business1  
cure of love-melancholy2 ,lapis         
,armenus1 its virtues against melancholy
 ,lascivious meats to be avoided        
,laughter1 its effects ,laurel a purge  
for melancholy ,laws against adultery   
,leo ,decimus the pope's scoffing tricks
 ,lewellyn prince of ,wales1 his        
submission ,leucata petra the cure of   
lovesick persons ,liberty of princes and
 great men1 how abused ,libraries       
commended ,liver its site2 cause of     
melancholy distempers1 if hot or cold   
,loss of liberty1 servitude1            
imprisonment1 cause of melancholy       
,losses in general how they offend2     
cause of despair2 how eased ,love of    
gaming and pleasures immoderate1 cause  
of melancholy ,love of learning1        
overmuch study1 cause of melancholy     
,love's beginning1 object1 definition1  
division2 love made the world2 love's   
power2 in vegetables2 in sensible       

creatures2 love's power in devils and   
spirits2 in men2 love a disease2 a fire2
 love's passions2 phrases of lovers2    
their vain wishes and attempts2 lovers  
impudent2 courageous2 wise1 valiant1    
free2 neat in apparel2 poets1 musicians1
 dancers2 love's effects2 love lost     
revived by sight2 love cannot be        
compelled ,love and hate symptoms of    
religious melancholy ,lycanthropia      
described ,m4 ,madness described2 the   
extent of melancholy2 a symptom and     
effect of love-melancholy ,made dishes  
cause melancholy ,magicians how they    
cause melancholy2 how they cure it      
,mahometans their symptoms ,maids'1     
nuns'1 and widows' melancholy ,man's    
excellency1 misery ,man the greatest    
enemy to man ,many means to divert      
lovers2 to cure them ,marriage if       
unfortunate cause of melancholy2 best   
cure of love-melancholy2 marriage helps2
 miseries2 benefits and commendation    
,mathematical studies commended         
,medicines select for melancholy2       

against wind and costiveness2 for       
love-melancholy ,melancholy in          
disposition1 melancholy equivocations2  
definition1 name1 difference2 part and  
parties affected in melancholy1 it's    
affection2 matter2 species or kinds of  
melancholy2 melancholy an hereditary    
disease2 meats causing it1 c42          
antecedent causes2 particular parts2    
symptoms of it2 they are passionate     
above measure2 humorous2 melancholy1    
adust symptoms2 mixed symptoms of       
melancholy with other diseases2         
melancholy1 a cause of jealousy2 of     
despair2 melancholy men why witty2 why  
so apt to laugh1 weep1 sweat1 blush2 why
 they see visions1 hear strange noises2 
why they speak untaught languages1      
prophesy1 c4 ,memory his seat ,menstruus
 concubitus causa melanc4 ,men seduced  
by spirits in the night ,metempsychosis 
,metals1 minerals for melancholy        
,meteors strange1 how caused            
,metoposcopy foreshowing melancholy     
,milk a melancholy meat ,mind how it    

works on the body ,minerals good against
 melancholy ,ministers how they cause   
despair ,mirach1 mesentery1 matrix1     
mesaraic veins1 causes of melancholy    
,mirabolanes purgers of melancholy      
,mirth and mercy company excellent      
against melancholy2 their abuses        
,miseries of man2 how they cause        
melancholy2 common miseries2 miseries of
 both sorts2 no man free1 miseries'     
effects in us2 sent for our good2       
miseries of students and scholars       
,mitigations of melancholy ,money's     
prerogatives2 allurement ,moon          
inhabited2 moon in love ,mother how     
cause of melancholy ,moving faculty     
described ,music a present remedy for   
melancholy2 its effects2 a symptom of   
lovers2 causes of love-melancholy ,n4   
,nakedness of parts a cause of          
love-melancholy2 cure of love-melancholy
 ,narrow streets where in use ,natural  
melancholy signs ,natural signs of      
love-melancholy ,necessity to what it   
enforceth ,neglect and contempt1 best   

cures of jealousy ,nemesis or punishment
 comes after ,nerves what ,news most    
welcome ,nobility censured              
,non-necessary causes of melancholy     
,nuns' melancholy ,nurse1 how cause of  
melancholy ,o4 ,objects causing         
melancholy to be removed ,obstacles and 
hindrances of lovers ,occasions to be   
avoided in love-melancholy ,odoraments  
to smell to for melancholy ,ointments1  
for melancholy ,ointments riotously used
 ,old folks apt to be jealous ,old      
folks' incontinency taxed ,old age a    
cause of melancholy2 old men's sons     
often melancholy ,one love drives out   
another ,opinions of or concerning the  
soul ,oppression's effects ,opportunity 
and importunity causes of               
love-melancholy ,organical parts        
,overmuch joy1 pride1 praise1 how causes
 of melancholy ,p4 ,palaces ,paleness   
and leanness1 symptoms of               
love-melancholy ,papists' religious     
symptoms ,paracelsus' defence of        
minerals ,parents1 how they wrong their 

children2 how they cause melancholy by  
propagation2 how by remissness and      
indulgence ,paraenetical discourse to   
such as are troubled in mind ,particular
 parts distempered1 how they cause      
melancholy ,parties affected in         
religious melancholy ,passions and      
perturbations causes of melancholy2 how 
they work on the body2 their divisions2 
how rectified and eased ,passions of    
lovers ,patience a cure of misery       
,patient1 his conditions that would be  
cured2 patience1 confidence1 liberality1
 not to practise on himself2 what he    
must do himself2 reveal his grief to a  
friend ,pennyroyal good against         
melancholy ,perjury of lovers           
,persuasion a means to cure             
love-melancholy2 other melancholy       
,phantasy1 what ,philippus ,bonus1 how  
he used a country fellow ,q4 ,quantity  
of diet cause2 cure of melancholy ,r4   
,rational soul ,reading ,scriptures good
 against melancholy ,recreations good   
against melancholy ,redness of the face 

helped ,regions of the belly ,relation  
or hearing a cause of love-melancholy   
,religious melancholy a distinct species
 its object2 causes of it2 symptoms2    
prognostics2 cure2 religious policy1 by 
whom ,repentance1 its effects ,retention
 and evacuation causes of melancholy2   
rectified to the cure ,rich men's       
discontents and miseries2 their         
prerogatives ,riot in apparel1 excess of
 it1 a great cause of love-melancholy   
,rivers in love ,rivals and co-rivals   
,roots censured ,rose cross-men's or    
,rosicrucian's promises ,philosophers   
censured2 their errors ,philters cause  
of love-melancholy2 how they cure       
melancholy ,phlebotomy cause of         
melancholy2 how to be used1 when1 in    
melancholy2 in head melancholy          
,phlegmatic melancholy signs ,phrenzy's 
description ,physician's miseries2 his  
qualities if he be good ,physic         
censured2 commended2 when to be used    
,physiognomical signs of melancholy     
,pictures good against melancholy2 cause

 of love-melancholy ,plague's effects   
,planets inhabited ,plays more famous   
,pleasant palaces and gardens ,pleasant 
objects of love ,pleasing tone and voice
 a cause of love-melancholy ,poetical   
cures of love-melancholy ,poets why poor
 ,poetry a symptom of lovers            
,politician's pranks ,poor men's        
miseries2 their happiness2 they are dear
 to ,god ,pope ,leo ,decimus1 his       
scoffing ,pork a melancholy meat        
,possession of devils ,poverty and want 
causes of melancholy1 their effects2 no 
such misery to be poor ,power of spirits
 ,predestination misconstrued1 a cause  
of despair ,preparatives and purgers for
 melancholy ,precedency1 what stirs it  
causeth ,precious stones1 metals1       
altering melancholy ,preventions to the 
cure of jealousy ,pride and praise      
causes of melancholy ,priests1 how they 
cause religious melancholy ,princes'    
discontents ,prodigals1 their miseries2 
bankrupts and spendthrifts1 how punished
 ,profitable objects of love ,progress  

of love-melancholy exemplified          
,prognostics or events of               
love-melancholy2 of despair2 of         
jealousy2 of melancholy ,prospect good  
against melancholy ,prosperity a cause  
of misery ,protestations and deceitful  
promises of lovers ,pseudoprophets1     
their pranks2 their symptoms ,pulse1    
peas1 beans1 cause of melancholy ,pulse 
of melancholy men1 how it is affected   
,pulse a sign of love-melancholy        
,purgers and preparatives to head       
melancholy ,purging simples upward2     
downward ,purging1 how cause of         
melancholy ,s4 ,saints' aid rejected in 
melancholy ,salads censured ,sanguine   
melancholy signs ,scholars' miseries    
,scilla or sea-onion1 a purger of       
melancholy ,scipio's continency ,scoffs1
 calumnies1 bitter jests1 how they cause
 melancholy2 their antidote ,scorzonera1
 good against melancholy ,scripture     
misconstrued1 cause of religious        
melancholy2 cure of melancholy ,seasick1
 good physic for melancholy ,self-love  

cause of melancholy1 his effects        
,sensible soul and its parts ,senses1   
why and how deluded in melancholy       
,sentences selected out of humane       
authors ,servitude cause of melancholy2 
and imprisonment eased ,several men's   
delights and recreations ,severe tutors 
and guardians causes of melancholy      
,shame and disgrace how causes of       
melancholy1 their effects ,sickness for 
our good ,sighs and tears symptoms of   
love-melancholy ,sight a principal cause
 of love-melancholy ,signs of honest    
love ,similar parts of the body ,simples
 censured proper to melancholy3 fit to  
be known2 purging melancholy upward2    
downward1 purging simples ,singing a    
symptom of lovers2 cause of             
love-melancholy ,sin the impulsive cause
 of man's misery ,single life and       
virginity commended2 their prerogatives 
,slavery of lovers ,sleep and waking    
causes of melancholy2 by what means     
procured1 helped ,small bodies have     
greatest wits ,smelling what ,smiling a 

cause of love-melancholy ,sodomy        
,soldiers most part lascivious          
,solitariness cause of melancholy2      
coact1 voluntary1 how good2 sign of     
melancholy ,sorrow its effect2 a cause  
of melancholy2 a symptom of melancholy2 
eased by counsel ,soul defined1 its     
faculties2 ex traduceations1 as some    
hold ,spices how causes of melancholy   
,spirits and devils1 their nature2      
orders2 kinds2 power1 c4 ,spleen its    
site2 how misaffected cause of          
melancholy ,sports ,spots in the sun    
,spruceness a symptom of lovers ,stars1 
how causes or signs of melancholy2 of   
love-melancholy2 of jealousy            
,stepmother1 her mischiefs ,stews1 why  
allowed ,stomach distempered a cause of 
melancholy ,stones like birds1 beasts1  
fishes1 c4 ,strange nurses1 when best   
,streets narrow ,study overmuch cause of
 melancholy2 why and how2 study good    
against melancholy ,subterranean devils 
,supernatural causes of melancholy      
,superstitious effects1 symptoms2 how it

 domineers ,surfeiting and drunkenness  
taxed ,suspicion and jealousy symptoms  
of melancholy2  how caused ,swallows1   
cuckoos1 c41 where are they in winter   
,sweet tunes and singing causes of      
love-melancholy ,symptoms or signs of   
melancholy in the body2 mind2 from      
stars1 members2 from education1 custom1 
continuance of time1 mixed with other   
diseases2 symptoms of head melancholy2  
of hypochondriacal melancholy2 of the   
whole body2 symptoms of nuns'1 maids'1  
widows' melancholy2 immediate causes of 
melancholy symptoms2 symptoms of        
love-melancholy2 symptoms of a lover    
pleased2 dejected2 ,symptoms of         
jealousy2 of religious melancholy2 of   
despair ,synteresis ,syrups ,t4 ,tale of
 a prebend ,tarantula's stinging effects
 ,taste what ,temperament a cause of    
love-melancholy ,tempestuous air1 dark  
and fuliginous1 how cause of melancholy 
,terrestrial devils ,terrors and        
affrights cause melancholy              
,theologasters censured ,the best cure  

of love-melancholy is to let them1 have 
their desire ,tobacco approved1 censured
 ,toleration1 religious ,torments of    
love ,transmigration of souls           
,travelling commended1 good against     
melancholy2 for love-melancholy         
especially ,tutors cause melancholy ,u4 
,uncharitable men described             
,understanding defined1 divided         
,unfortunate marriages' effects ,unkind 
friends cause melancholy ,unlawful cures
 of melancholy rejected ,upstarts       
censured1 their symptoms ,urine of      
melancholy persons ,uxorii ,v4          
,vainglory described a cause of         
melancholy ,valour and courage caused by
 love ,variation of the compass1 where  
,variety of meats and dishes cause      
melancholy ,variety of mistresses and   
objects a cure of melancholy ,variety of
 weather1 air1 manners1 countries1      
whence1 c4 ,variety of places1 change of
 air1 good against melancholy ,vegetal  
soul and its faculties ,vegetal         
creatures in love ,veins described      

,venus rectified ,venery a cause of     
melancholy ,venison a melancholy meat   
,vices of women ,violent misery         
continues not ,violent death1 event of  
love-melancholy2 prognostic of despair2 
by some defended2 how to be censured    
,virginity1 by what signs to be known2  
commended ,virtue and vice1 principal   
habits of the will ,vitex or agnus      
castus good against love-melancholy ,w4 
,waking cause of melancholy2 a symptom2 
cured ,walking1 shooting1 swimming1 c4  
good against melancholy   ,notes  #a4   
,his elder brother was ,william ,burton1
 the ,leicestershire antiquary1 born    
#bdth ,august1 #aege1 educated at       
,sutton ,coldfield1 admitted commoner1  
or gentleman commoner1 of ,brazen ,nose 
,college1 #aeia2 at the ,inner ,temple1 
#bjth ,may1 #aeic2 ,b4 ,a4 #bb;d ,june1 
#aeid2 and afterwards a barrister and   
reporter in the ,court of ,common       
,pleas4 ,but his natural genius1 says   
,wood1 leading him to the studies of    
heraldry1 genealogies1 and antiquities1 

he became excellent in those obscure and
 intricate matters2 and look upon him as
 a gentleman1 was accounted1 by all that
 knew him1 to be the best of his time   
for those studies1 as may appear by his 
',description of ,leicestershire4' ,his 
weak constitution not permitting him to 
follow business1 he retired into the    
country1 and his greatest work1 ,the    
,description of ,leicestershire1 was    
published in folio1 #afbc4 ,he died at  
,falde1 after suffering much in the     
civil war1 #fth ,april1 #afde1 and was  
buried in the parish church belonging   
thereto1 called ,hanbury4  #b4 ,this is 
,wood's account4 ,his will says1        
,nuneaton2 but a passage in this work   
see fol4 #cjd1 mentions ,sutton         
,coldfield2 probably he may have been at
 both schools4  #c4 ,so in the          
,register4  #d4 ,so in the ,register4   
#e4 ,originating1 perhaps1 in a note1 p4
 #ddh1 #fth edit4 7p4 #dee of the       
present71 in which a book is quoted as  
having been printed at ,paris #afbd1    

seven years after ,burton's first       
edition4 ,as1 however1 the editions     
after that of #afba1 are regularly      
marked in succession to the eighth1     
printed in #afgf1 there seems very      
little reason to doubt that1 in the note
 above alluded to1 either #afbd has been
 a misprint for #afbh1 or seven years   
for three years4 ,the numerous          
typographical errata in other parts of  
the work strongly aid this latter       
supposition4  #f4 ,haec comice dicta    
cave ne male capias4  #g4 ,seneca in    
ludo in mortem ,claudii ,caesaris4  #h4 
,lib4 de ,curiositate4  #i4 ,modo haec  
tibi usui sint1 quemvis auctorem        
fingito4 ,wecker4  #aj4 ,lib4 #aj1 c4   
#ab4 ,multa a male feriatis in          
,democriti nomine commenta data1        
nobilitatis1 auctoritatisque ejus       
perfugio utentibus4  #aa4 ,martialis4   
lib4 #aj1 epigr4 #ad4  #ab4 ,juv4 sat4  
#a4  #ac4 ,auth4 ,pet4 ,besseo edit4    
,coloniae1 #afaf4  #ad4 ,hip4 ,epist4   
,dameget4  #ae4 ,laert4 lib #i4  #af4   

,hortulo sibi cellulam seligens1 ibique 
seipsum includens1 vixit solitarius4    
#ag4 ,floruit ,olympiade #hj2 #gjj annis
 post ,troiam4  #ah4 ,diacos4 quod      
cunctis operibus facile excellit4       
,laert4  #ai4 ,col4 lib4 #a4 c4 #a4     
#bj4 ,const4 lib4 de agric4 passim4     
#ba4 ,volucrum voces et linguas         
intelligere se dicit ,abderitans ,ep4   
,hip4  #bb4 ,sabellicus exempl41 lib4   
#aj4 ,oculis se privavit1 ut melius     
contemplationi operam daret1 sublimi vir
 ingenio1 profundae cogitationis1 c4    
#bc4 ,naturalia1 moralia1 mathematica1  
liberales disciplinas1 artiumque omnium 
peritiam callebat4  #bd4 ,nothing in    
nature's power to contrive of which he  
has not written4  #be4 ,veni ,athenas1  
et nemo me novit4  #bf4 ,idem contemptui
 et admirationi habitus4  #bg4 ,solebat 
ad portam ambulare1 et inde1 c4 ,hip4   
,ep4 ,dameg4  #bh4 ,perpetuorisu        
pulmonem agitare solebat ,democritus4   
,juv4 ,sat4 #g4  #bi4 ,non sum dignus   
praestare matella4 ,mart4  #cj4 ,christ 

,church in ,oxford4  #ca4 ,praefat4     
,hist4  #cb4 ,keeper of our college     
library1 lately revived by ,otho        
,nicolson1 ,esquire4  #cc4 ,scaliger4   
#cd4 ,somebody in everything1 nobody in 
each thing4  #ce4 ,in ,theat4  #cf4     
,phil4 ,stoic4 li4 diff4 #h4 ,dogma     
cupidis et curiosis ingeniis            
imprimendum1 ut sit talis qui nulli rei 
serviat1 aut exacte unum aliquid        
elaboret1 alia negligens1 ut artifices1 
c4  #cg4 ,delibare gratum de quocunque  
cibo1 et pittisare de quocunque dolio   
jucundum4  #ch4 ,essays1 lib4 #c4  #ci4 
,he that is everywhere is nowhere4  #dj4
 ,praefat4 bibliothec4  #da4 ,ambo      
fortes et fortunati1 ,mars idem         
magisterii dominus juxta primam         
,leovitii regulam4  #db4 ,hensius4  #dc4
 ,calide ambientes1 solicite litigantes1
 aut misere excidentes1 voces1 strepitum
 contentiones1 c4  #dd4 ,cyp4 ad ,donat4
 ,unice securus1 ne excidam in foro1 aut
 in mari ,indico bonis eluam1 de dote   
filiae1 patrimonio filii non sum        

solicitus4  #de4 ,not so sagacious an   
observer as simple a narrator4  #df4    
,hor4 ,ep4 lib4 #a4 xix41 #bj4  #dg4    
,per4 ,a laughter with a petulant       
spleen4  #dh4 ,hor4 lib4 #a1 sat4 #i4   
#di4 ,secundum moenia locus erat        
frondosis populis opacus1 vitibusque    
sponte natis1 tenuis prope aqua         
defluebat1 placide murmurans1 ubi sedile
 et domus ,democriti conspiciebatur4    
#ej4 ,ipse composite considebat1 super  
genua volumen habens1 et utrinque alia  
patentia parata1 dissectaque animalia   
cumulatim strata1 quorum viscera        
rimabatur4  #ea4 ,cum mundus extra se   
sit1 et mente captus sit1 et nesciat se 
languere1 ut medelam adhibeat4  #eb4    
,scaliger1 ,ep4 ad ,patisonem4 ,nihil   
magis lectorem invitat quam in opinatum 
argilinentum1 neque vendibilior merx est
 quam petulans liber4  #ec4 ,lib4 xx4 c4
 #aa4 ,miras sequuntur inscriptionum    
festivitates4  #ed4 ,praefat4 ,nat4     
,hist4 ,patri obstetricem parturienti   
filiae accersenti moram injicere        

possunt4  #ee4 ,anatomy of ,popery1     
,anatomy of immortality1 ,angelus salas1
 ,anatomy of ,antimony1 c4  #ef4 ,cont4 
l4 #d1 c4 #i4 ,non est cura melior quam 
labor4  #eg4 ,hor4 ,de ,arte ,poet4     
#eh4 ,non quod de novo quid addere1 aut 
a veteribus praetermissum1 sed propriae 
exercitationis causa4  #ei4 ,qui novit1 
neque id quod sentit exprimit1 perinde  
est ac si nesciret4  #fj4 ,jovius       
,praef4 ,hist4  #fa4 ,erasmus4  #fb4    
,otium otio dolorem dolore sum solatus4 
#fc4 ,observat4 l4 #a4  #fd4 ,m4 ,joh4  
,rous1 our ,protobib4 ,oxon4 ,m4        
,hopper1 ,m4 ,guthridge1 c4  #fe4 ,quae 
illi audire et legere solent1 eorum     
partim vidi egomet1 alia gessi1 quae    
illi literis1 ego militando didici1 nunc
 vos existimate facta an dicta pluris   
sint4  #ff4 ,dido ,virg4 ,taught by that
 ,power that pities me1 ,i learn to pity
 them4  #fg4 ,camden1 ,ipsa elephantiasi
 correpta elephantiasis hospicium       
construxit4  #fh4 ,iliada post ,homerum4
  #fi4 ,nihil praetermissum quod a      

quovis dici possit4  #gj4 ,martialis4   
#ga4 ,magis impium mortuorum            
lucubrationes1 quam vestes furari4  #gb4
 ,eccl4 ult4  #gc4 ,libros ,eunuchi     
gignunt1 steriles pariunt4  #gd4 ,d4    
,king praefat4 lect4 ,jonas1 the late   
right reverend ,lord ,b4 of ,london4    
#ge4 ,homines famelici gloriae ad       
ostentationem eruditionis undique       
congerunt4 ,buchananus4  #gf4           
,effacinati etiam laudis amore1 c4      
,justus ,baronius4  #gg4 ,ex ruinis     
alienae existimationis sibi gradum ad   
famam struunt4  #gh4 ,exercit4 #bhh4    
#gi4 ,omnes sibi famam quaerunt et      
quovis modo in orbem spargi contendunt1 
ut novae alicujus rei habeantur         
auctores4 ,praef4 biblioth4  #hj4       
,praefat4 hist4  #ha4 ,plautus4  #hb4 ,e
 ,democriti puteo4  #hc4 ,non tam       
refertae bibliothecae quam cloacae4     
#hd4 ,et quicquid cartis amicitur       
ineptis4  #he4 ,epist4 ad ,petas4 in    
regno ,franciae omnibus scribendi datur 
libertas1 paucis facultas4  #hf4 ,olim  

literae ob homines in precio1 nunc      
sordent ob homines4  #hg4 ,ans4 pac4    
#hh4 ,inter tot mille volumina vix unus 
a cujus lectione quis melior evadat1    
immo potius non pejor4  #hi4            
,palingenius4 ,what does any one1 who   
reads such works1 learn or know but     
dreams and trifling things4  #ij4 ,lib4 
#e4 de ,sap4  #ia4 ,sterile oportet esse
 ingenium quod in hoc scripturientum    
pruritus1 c4  #ib4 ,cardan1 praef4 ad   
,consol4  #ic4 ,hor4 lib4 #a1 sat4 #d4  
#id4 ,epist4 lib4 #a4 ,magnum poetarum  
proventum annus hic attulit1 mense      
,aprili nullus fere dies quo non aliquis
 recitavit4  #ie4 ,idem4  #if4          
,principibus et doctoribus deliberandum 
relinquo1 ut arguantur auctorum furta et
 milies repetita tollantur1 et temere   
scribendi libido coerceatur1 aliter in  
infinitum progressura4  #ig4            
,onerabuntur ingenia1 nemo legendis     
sufficit4  #ih4 ,libris obraimur1 oculi 
legendo1 manus volitando dolent4 ,fam4  
,strada ,momo4 ,lucretius4  #ii4        

,quicquid ubique bene dictum facio meum1
 et illud nunc meis ad compendium1 nunc 
ad fidem et auctoritatem alienis exprimo
 verbis1 omnes auctores meos clientes   
esse arbitror1 c4 ,sarisburiensis ad    
,polycrat4 prol4  #ajj4 ,in ,epitaph4   
,nep4 illud ,cyp4 hoc ,lact4 illud      
,hilar4 est1 ita ,victorinus1 in hunc   
modum loquutus est ,arnobius1 c4  #aja4 
,praef4 ad ,syntax4 med4  #ajb4 ,until a
 later age and a happier lot produce    
something more truly grand4  #ajc4 ,in  
,luc4 #aj4 tom4 #b4 ,pigmei ,gigantum   
humeris impositi plusquam ipsi ,gigantes
 vident4  #ajd4 ,nec aranearum textus   
ideo melior quia ex se fila gignuntur1  
nec noster ideo vilior1 quia ex alienis 
libamus ut apes4 ,lipsius adversus      
dialogist4  #aje4 ,uno absurdo dato     
mille sequuntur4  #ajf4 ,non dubito     
multos lectores hic fore stultos4  #ajg4
 ,martial1 #ac1 #b4  #ajh4 ,ut venatores
 feram e vestigio impresso1 virum       
scriptiuncula4 ,lips4  #aji4 ,hor4      
#aaj4 ,hor4  #aaa4 ,antwerp4 fol4 #afjg4

  #aab4 ,muretus4  #aac4 ,lipsius4      
#aad4 ,hor4  #aae4 ,fieri non potest1 ut
 quod quisque cogitat1 dicat unus4      
,muretus4  #aaf4 ,lib4 #a4 de ord41 cap4
 #aa4  #aag4 ,erasmus4  #aah4 ,annal4   
,tom4 #c4 ad annum #cfj4 ,est porcus    
ille qui sacerdotem ex amplitudine      
redituum sordide demeritur4  #aai4      
,erasm4 dial4  #abj4 ,epist4 lib4 #f4   
,cujusque ingenium non statim emergit1  
nisi materiae fautor1 occasio1          
commendatorque contingat4  #aba4 ,praef4
 hist4  #abb4 ,laudari a laudato laus   
est4  #abc4 ,vit4 ,persii4  #abd4       
,minuit praesentia famam4  #abe4        
,lipsius ,judic4 de ,seneca4  #abf4     
,lib4 #aj4 ,plurirmum studii1 multam    
rerum cognitionem1 omnem studiorum      
materiam1 c4 multa in eo probanda1 multa
 admiranda4  #abg4 ,suet4 ,arena sine   
calce4  #abh4 ,introduct4 ad ,sen4      
#abi4 ,judic4 de ,sen4 ,vix aliquis tam 
absolutus1 ut alteri per omnia          
satisfaciat1 nisi longa temporis        
praescripto1 semota judicandi libertate1

 religione quidam animos occuparis4     
#acj4 ,hor4 ,ep4 #a1 lib4 #ai4  #aca4   
,aeque turpe frigide laudari ac         
insectanter vituperari4 ,phavorinus ,a4 
,gel4 lib4 #ai1 cap4 #b4  #acb4 ,ovid1  
trist4 #aa4 eleg #f4  #acc4 ,juven4 sat4
 #e4  #acd4 ,aut artis inscii aut       
quaestui magis quam literis student4    
hab4 ,cantab4 et ,lond4 ,excus4 #aigf4  
#ace4 ,ovid4 de pont4 ,eleg4 l4 #f4     
#acf4 ,hor4  #acg4 ,tom4 #c4            
,philopseud4 accepto pessulo1 quum      
carmen quoddam dixisset1 effecit ut     
ambularet1 aquam hauriret1 urnam        
pararet1 c4  #ach4 ,eusebius1 eccles4   
hist4 lib4 #f4  #aci4 ,stans pede in    
uno1 as he made verses4  #adj4 ,virg4   
#ada4 ,non eadem a summo expectes1      
minimoque poeta4  #adb4 ,stylus hic     
nullus1 praeter parrhesiam4  #adc4 ,qui 
rebus se exercet1 verba negligit1 et qui
 callet artem dicendi1 nullam           
disciplinam habet recognitam4  #add4    
,palingenius4 ,words may be resplendent 
with ornament1 but they contain no      

marrow within4  #ade4 ,cujuscunque      
orationem vides politam et sollicitam1  
scito animum in pusilis occupatum1 in   
scriptis nil solidum4 ,epist4 lib4 #a4  
#ba4  #adf4 ,philostratus1 lib4 #h4 vit4
 ,apol4 ,negligebat oratoriam           
facultatem1 et penitus aspernabatur ejus
 professores1 quod linguam duntaxat1 non
 autem mentem redderent eruditiorem4    
#adg4 ,hic enim1 quod ,seneca de ,ponto1
 bos herbam1 ciconia larisam1 canis     
leporem1 virgo florem legat4  #adh4     
,pet4 ,nannius not4 in ,hor4  #adi4 ,non
 hic colonus domicilium habeo1 sed      
topiarii in morem1 hinc inde florem     
vellico1 ut canis ,nilum lambens4  #aej4
 ,supra bis mille notabiles errores     
,laurentii demonstravi1 c4  #aea4 ,philo
 de ,con4  #aeb4 ,virg4  #aec4          
,frambesarius1 ,sennertus1 ,ferandus1 c4
  #aed4 ,ter4 ,adelph4  #aee4 ,heaut4   
,act #a4 scen4 #a4  #aef4 ,gellius4 lib4
 #ah1 cap4 #c4  #aeg4 ,et inde catena   
quaedam fit1 quae haeredes etiam ligat4 
,cardan4 ,hensius4  #aeh4 ,malle se     

bellum cum magno principe gerere1 quam  
cum uno ex fratrum mendicantium ordine4 
#aei4 ,hor4 epod4 lib4 od4 #g4  #afj4   
,epist4 #hf1 ad ,casulam presb4  #afa4  
,lib4 #ab1 cap4 #a4 ,mutos nasci1 et    
omni scientia egere satius fuisset1 quam
 sic in propriam perniciem insanire4    
#afb4 ,but it would be better not to    
write1 for silence is the safer course4 
#afc4 ,infelix mortalitas inutilibus    
quaestionibus ac disceptationibus vitam 
traducimus1 naturae principes thesauros1
 in quibus gravissimae morborum         
medicinae collocatae sunt1 interim      
intactos relinquimus4 ,nec ipsi solum   
relinquimus1 sed et allos prohibemus1   
impedimus1 condemnamus1 ludibriisque    
afficimus4  #afd4 ,quod in praxi minime 
fortunatus esset1 medicinam reliquit1 et
 ordinibus initiatus in ,theologia      
postmodum scripsit4 ,gesner             
,bibliotheca4  #afe4 ,p4 ,jovius4  #aff4
 ,m4 ,w4 ,burton1 preface to his        
description of ,leicestershire1 printed 
at ,london by ,w4 ,jaggard1 for ,j4     

,white1 #afbb4  #afg4 ,in ,hygiasticon1 
neque enim haec tractatio aliena videri 
debet a theologo1 c4 agitur de morbo    
animae4  #afh4 ,d4 ,clayton in comitiis1
 anno #afba4  #afi4 ,hor4  #agj4 ,lib4  
de pestil4  #aga4 ,in ,newark in        
,nottinghamshire4 ,cum duo edificasset  
castella1 ad tollendam structionis      
invidiam1 et expiandam maculam1 duo     
instituit caenobia1 et collegis         
relgiosis implevit4  #agb4 ,ferdinando  
de ,quir4 anno #afab4 ,amsterdami       
impress4  #agc4 ,praefat4 ad            
,characteres3 ,spero enim 7,o ,policles7
 libros nostros meliores inde futuros1  
quod istiusmodi memoriae mandata        
reliquerimus1 ex preceptis et exemplis  
nostris ad vitam accommodatis1 ut se    
inde corrigant4  #agd4 ,part #a4 sect4  
#c4  #age4 praef4 lectori4  #agf4 ,ep4  
#b4 #a4 #b4 ad ,donatum4 ,paulisper te  
crede subduci in ardui montis verticem  
celsiorem1 speculare inde rerum         
jacentium facies1 et oculis in diversa  
porrectis1 fluctuantis mundi turbines   

intuere1 jam simul aut ridebis aut      
misereberis1 c4  #agg4 ,controv4 l4 #b4 
cont4 #g4 et l4 #f4 cont4  #agh4        
,horatius4  #agi4 ,idem1 ,hor4 l4 #b4   
,satyra #c4 ,damasipus ,stoicus probat  
omnes stultos insanire4  #ahj4 ,tom4 #b4
 sympos4 lib4 #e4 c4 #f4 ,animi         
affectiones1 si diutius inhaereant1     
pravos generant habitus4  #aha4 ,lib4   
#bh1 cap4 #a4 ,synt4 art4 mir4 ,morbus  
nihil est aliud quam dissolutio quaedam 
ac perturbatio foederis in corpore      
existentis1 sicut et sanitas est        
consentientis bene corporis consummatio 
quaedam4  #ahb4 ,lib4 #i4 ,geogr4       
,plures olim gentes navigabant illuc    
sanitatis causa4  #ahc4 ,eccles4 i4 #bd4
  #ahd4 ,jure haereditario sapere       
jubentur4 ,euphormio ,satyr4  #ahe4     
,apud quos virtus1 insania et furor esse
 dicitur4  #ahf4 ,calcagninus ,apol4    
omnes mirabantur1 putantes illisam iri  
stultitiam4 ,sed praeter expectationem  
res evenit1 ,audax stultitia in eam     
irruit1 c4 illa cedit irrisa1 et plures 

hinc habet sectatores stultitia4  #ahg4 
,non est respondendum stulto secundum   
stultitiam4  #ahh4 #b ,reg4 #g4  #ahi4  
,lib4 #aj4 ep4 #ig4  #aij4 ,aug4 ep4    
#agh4  #aia4 ,quis nisi mentis inops1 c4
  #aib4 ,quid insanius quam pro         
momentanea felicitate aeternis te       
mancipare suppliciis8  #aic4 ,in fine   
,phaedonis4 ,hic finis fuit amici nostri
 o ,eucrates1 nostro quidem judicio     
omnium quos experti sumus optimi et     
apprime sapientissimi1 et justissimi4   
#aid4 ,xenop4 l4 #d4 de dictis ,socratis
 ad finem1 talis fuit ,socrates quem    
omnium optimum et felicissimum statuam4 
#aie4 ,lib4 #be4 ,platonis ,convivio4   
#aif4 ,lucretius4  #aig4 ,anaxagoras    
olim mens dictus ab antiquis4  #aih4    
,regula naturae1 naturae miraculum1 ipsa
 eruditio daemonium hominis1 sol        
scientiarum1 mare1 sophia1 antistes     
literarum et sapientiae1 ut ,scioppius  
olim de ,scal1 et ,heinsius4 ,aquila ,in
 nubibus ,imperator literatorum1 columen
 literarum1 abyssus eruditionis1 ocellus

 ,europae1 ,scaliger4  #aii4 ,lib4 #c4  
de sap c4 #ag4 et #bj4 omnes            
,philosophi1 aut stulti1 aut insani2    
nulla anus nullus aeger ineptius        
deliravit4  #bjj4 ,democritus a         
,leucippo doctus1 haeridatem stultitiae 
reliquit ,epic4  #bja4 ,hor4 car4 lib4  
#a4 od4 #cd4 #a4 epicur4  #bjb4 ,nihil  
interest inter hos et bestias nisi quod 
loquantur4 de sa4 l4 #bf4 c4 #h4  #bjc4 
,cap4 de virt4  #bjd4 ,neb4 et ,ranis4  
#bje4 ,omnium disciplinarum ignarus4    
#bjf4 ,omnium disciplinarum ignarus4    
#bjg4 ,pulchrorum adolescentum causa    
frequentur gymnasium1 obibat1 c4  #bjh4 
,seneca4 ,seis rotunda metiri1 sed non  
tuum animum4  #bji4 ,ab uberibus        
sapientia lactati caecutire non possunt4
  #baj4 ,cor ,xenodoti et jecur         
,cratetis4  #baa4 ,lib4 de nat4 boni4   
#bab4 ,hic profundissimae ,sophiae      
fodinae4  #bac4 ,panegyr4 ,trajano omnes
 actiones exprobrare stultitiam         
videntur4  #bad4 ,ser4 #d4 in domi ,pal4
 ,mundus qui ob antiquitatem deberet    

esse sapiens1 semper stultizat1 et      
nullis flagellis alteratur1 sed ut puer 
vult rosis et floribus coronari4  #bae4 
,insanum te omnes pueri1 clamantque     
puellae4 ,hor4  #baf4 ,plautus ,aubular4
  #bag4 ,adelph4 act4 #e4 scen4 #h4     
#bah4 ,tully ,tusc4 #e4 fortune1 not    
wisdom1 governs our lives4  #bai4 ,plato
 ,apologia ,socratis4  #bbj4 ,ant4      
,dial4  #bba4 ,lib4 #c4 de sap4 pauci ut
 video sanae mentis sunt4  #bbb4 ,stulte
 et incaute omnia agi video4  #bbc4     
,insania non omnibus eadem1 ,erasm4     
chil4 #c4 cent4 #aj4 nemo mortalium qui 
non aliqua in re desipit1 licet alius   
alio morbo laboret1 hic libidinis1 ille 
avaritiae1 ambitionis1 invidiae4  #bbd4 
,hor4 l4 #b4 sat4 #c4  #bbe4 ,lib4 #a4  
de aulico4 ,est in unoquoque nostrum    
seminarium aliquod stultitiae1 quod si  
quando excitetur1 in infinitum facile   
excrescit4  #bbf4 ,primaque lux vitae   
prima juroris erat4  #bbg4 ,tibullus1   
stulti praetereunt dies1 their wits are 
a wool-gathering4 ,so fools commonly    

dote4  #bbh4 ,dial4 contemplantes1 ,tom3
 #b4  #bbi4 ,catullus4  #bcj4 ,sub      
ramosa platano sedentem1 solum1         
discalceatum1 super lapidem1 valde      
pallidum ac macilentum1 promissa barba1 
librum super genibus habentem4  #bca4   
,de furore1 mania melancholia scribo1 ut
 sciam quo pacto in hominibus gignatur1 
fiat1 crescat1 cumuletur1 minuatur2 haec
 inquit animalia quae vides propterea   
seco1 non ,dei opera perosus1 sed fellis
 bilisque naturam disquirens4  #bcb4    
,aust4 l4 #a4 in ,gen4 ,jumenti  servi  
tui obsequium rigide postulas1 et tu    
nullum praestas aliis1 nec ipsi ,deo4   
#bcc4 ,uxores ducunt1 mox foras         
ejiciunt4  #bcd4 ,pueros amant1 mox     
fastidiunt4  #bce4 ,quid hoc ab insania 
deest8  #bcf4 ,reges eligunt1 deponunt4 
#bcg4 ,contra parentes1 fratres1 cives1 
perpetuo rixantur1 et inimicitias agunt4
  #bch4 ,idola inanimata amant1 animata 
odio habent1 sic pontificii4  #bci4     
,credo equidem vivos ducent e marmore   
vultus4  #bdj4 ,suam stultitiam         

perspicit nemo1 sed alter alterum       
deridet4  #bda4 ,denique sit finis      
querendi1 cumque habeas plus1 pauperiem 
metuas minis1 et finire laborem         
incipias1 partis quod avebas1 utere     
,hor4  #bdb4 ,astutam vapido servat sub 
pectore vulpem4 ,et cum vulpo positus   
pariter vulpinarier4 ,cretizan dum cum  
,crete4  #bdc4 ,qui fit ,mecaenas ut    
nemo quam sibi sortem4 ,seu ratio       
dederit1 seu sors objecerit1 illa       
contentus vivat1 c4 ,hor4  #bdd4        
,diruit1 aedificat1 mutat quadrata      
rotundis4 ,trajanus pontem struxit super
 ,danubium1 quem successor ejus         
,adrianus statim demolitus4  #bde4 ,qua 
quid in re ab infantibus differunt1     
quibus mens et sensus sine ratione      
inest1 quicquid sese his offert volupe  
est4  #bdf4 ,idem ,plut4  #bdg4 ,ut     
insaniae causam disquiram bruta macto et
 seco1 cum hoc potius in hominibus      
investigandum esset4  #bdh4 ,totus a    
nativitate morbus est4  #bdi4 ,in vigore
 furibundus1 quum decrescit insanabilis4

  #bej4 ,cyprian4 ad ,donatum4 ,qui     
sedet crimina judicaturus1 c4  #bea4 ,tu
 pessimus omnium latro es1 as a thief   
told ,alexander in ,curtius4 ,damnat    
foras judex1 quod intus operatur1       
,cyprian4  #beb4 ,vultus magna cura1    
magna animi incuria4 ,am4 ,marcel4      
#bec4 ,horrenda res est1 vix duo verba  
sine mendacio proferuntur3 et quamvis   
solenniter homines ad veritatem dicendum
 invitentur1 pejerare tamen non         
dubitant1 ut ex decem testibus vix unus 
verum dicat4 ,calv4 in #h ,john1 ,serm  
#a4  #bed4 ,sapientiam insaniam esse    
dicunt4  #bee4 ,siquidem sapientiae suae
 admiratione me complevit1 offendi      
sapientissimum virum1 qui salvos potest 
omnes homines reddere4  #bef4 ,e4       
,graec4 epig4  #beg4 ,plures ,democriti 
nunc non sufficiunt1 opus ,democrito qui
 ,democritum rideat4 ,eras ,moria4      
#beh4 ,polycrat4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #h4 e    
,petron4  #bei4 ,ubi omnes delirabant1  
omnes insani1 c4 hodie nauta1 cras      
philosophus2 hodie faber1 cras          

pharmacopola2 hic modo regem agebat     
multo sattellitio1 tiara1 et sceptro    
ornatus1 nunc vili amictus centiculo1   
asinum elitellarium impellit4  #bfj4    
,calcagninus ,apol4 ,crysalus e caeteris
 auro dives1 manicato pepio et tiara    
conspicuus1 levis alioquin et nullius   
consilii1 c4 magno fastu ingredienti    
assurgunt dii1 c4  #bfa4 ,sed hominis   
levitatem ,jupiter perspiciens1 at tu   
7iniquit7 esto bombilio1 c4 protinusque 
vestis illa manicata in alas versa est1 
et mortales inde ,chrysalides vocant    
hujusmodi homines4  #bfb4 ,you will meet
 covetous fools and prodigal sycophants 
everywhere4  #bfc4 ,juven4  #bfd4       
,juven4  #bfe4 ,de bello ,jud4 l4 #h4 c4
 #aa4 ,iniquitates vestrae neminem      
latent1 inque dies singulos certamen    
habetis quis pejor sit4  #bff4 ,hor4    
#bfg4 ,lib4 #e4 ,epist4 #h4  #bfh4 ,hor4
  #bfi4 ,superstitio est insanus error4 
#bgj4 ,lib4 #h4 hist4 ,belg4  #bga4     
,lucan4  #bgb4 ,father ,angelo1 the     
,duke of ,joyeux1 going barefoot over   

the ,alps to ,rome1 c4  #bgc4 ,si cui   
intueri vacet quae patiuntur            
superstitiosi1 invenies tam indecora    
honestis1 tam indigna liberis1 tam      
dissimilia sanis1 ut nemo fuerit        
dubitaturus furere eos1 si cum          
paucioribus fuerent4 ,senec4  #bgd4     
,quid dicam de eorum indulgentiis1      
oblationibus1 votis1 solutionibus1      
jejuniis1 coenobiis1 somniis1 horis1    
organis1 cantilenis1 campanis1          
simulachris1 missis1 purgatoriis1       
mitris1 breviariis1 bullis1 lustralibus1
 aquis1 rasuris1 unctionibus1 candelis1 
calicibus1 crucibus1 mappis1 cereis1    
thuribulis1 incantationibus1 exorcismis1
 sputis1 legendis1 c4 ,baleus de actis  
,rom4 ,pont4  #bge4 ,pleasing spectacles
 to the ignorant poor4  #bgf4 ,th4      
,neageor4  #bgg4 ,dum simulant spernere1
 acquisiverunt sibi #cj annorum spatio  
bis centena millia librarum annua4      
,arnold4  #bgh4 ,et quum interdiu de    
virtute loquuti sunt1 sero in latibulis 
clunes agitant labore nocturno1         

,agryppa4  #bgi4 #a ,tim4 iii4 #ac4 ,but
 they shall prevail no longer1 their    
madness shall be known to all men4      
#bhj4 ,benignitatis sinus solebat esse1 
nunc litium officina curia ,romana      
,budaeus4  #bha4 ,quid tibi videtur     
facturus ,democritus1 si horum spectator
 contigisset8  #bhb4 ,ob inanes ditionum
 titulos1 ob prereptum locum1 ob        
interceptam mulierculam1 vel quod e     
stultitia natum1 vel e malitia1 quod    
cupido dominandi1 libido nocendi1 c4    
#bhc4 ,bellum rem plane bellui nam vocat
 ,morus4 ,utop4 lib4 #b4  #bhd4         
,munster4 ,cosmog4 l4 #e1 c4 #c4 ,e4    
,dict4 ,cretens4  #bhe4 ,jovius vit4    
ejus4  #bhf4 ,comineus4  #bhg4 ,lib4 #c4
  #bhh4 ,hist4 of the siege of ,ostend1 
fol4 #bc4  #bhi4 ,erasmus de bello4 ,ut 
placidum illud animal benevoletiae natum
 tam ferina vecordia in mutuam rueret   
perniciem4  #bij4 ,rich4 ,dinoth4       
praefat4 ,belli civilis ,gal4  #bia4    
,jovius4  #bib4 ,dolus1 asperitas1 in   
justitia propria bellorum negotia4      

,tertul4  #bic4 ,trully4  #bid4 ,lucan4 
#bie4 ,pater in filium1 affinis in      
affinem1 amicus in amicum1 c4 ,regio cum
 regione1 regnum regno colliditur4      
,populus populo in mutuam perniciem1    
belluarum instar sanguinolente ruentium4
  #bif4 ,libanii declam4  #big4 ,ira    
enim et furor ,bellonae consultores1 c4 
dementes sacerdotes sunt4  #bih4 ,bellum
 quasi bellua et ad omnia scelera furor 
immissus4  #bii4 ,gallorum decies centum
 millia ceciderunt4 ,ecclesiaris #bj    
millia fundamentis excisa4  #cjj4 ,belli
 civilis ,gal4 l4 #a4 hoc ferali bello  
et caedibus omnia repleverunt1 et regnum
 amplissimum a fundamentis pene         
everterunt1 plebis tot myriades gladio1 
bello1 fame miserabiliter perierunt4    
#cja4 ,pont4 ,huterus4  #cjb4 ,comineus4
 ,ut nullus non execretur et admiretur  
crudelitatem1 et barbaram insaniam1 quae
 inter homines eodem sub caelo natos1   
ejusdem linguae1 sanguinis1 religionis1 
exercebator4  #cjc4 ,lucan4  #cjd4      
,virg4  #cje4 ,bishop of ,cuseo1 an     

eyewitness4  #cjf4 ,read ,meteran of his
 stupend cruelties4  #cjg4 ,hensius     
,austriaco4  #cjh4 ,virg4 ,georg4       
impious war rages throughout the whole  
world  #cji4 ,jansenius ,gallobelgicus  
#aeif4 ,mundus furiosus1 inscriptio     
libri4  #caj4 ,exercitat4 #bej4 serm4   
#d4  #caa4 ,fleat ,heraclitus an rideat 
,democritus4  #cab4 ,curae leves        
loquuntur1 ingentes stupent4  #cac4     
,arma amens capio1 nec sat rationis in  
armis4  #cad4 ,erasmus4  #cae4 ,pro     
,murena4 ,omnes urbanae res1 omnia      
studia1 omnis forensis laus et industria
 latet in tutela et praecidio bellicae  
virtutis1 et simul atque increpuit      
suspicio tumultus1 artes illico nostrae 
conticescunt4  #caf4 ,ser4 #ac4  #cag4  
,crudelissimos saevissimosque latrones1 
fortissimos haberi propugnatores1       
fidissimos duces habent1 bruta          
persuasione donati4  #cah4 ,eobanus     
,hessus4 ,quibus omnis in armis vita    
placet1 non ulla juvat nisi morte1 nec  
ullam esse putant vitam1 quae non       

assueverit armis4  #cai4 ,lib4 #aj4 vit4
 ,scanperbeg4  #cbj4 ,nulli beatiores   
habiti1 quam qui in praelus cecidissent4
 ,brisonius de rep4 ,persarum4 l4 #c4   
fol4 #c4 #dd4 ,idem ,lactantius de      
,romanis et ,graecis4 ,idem ,ammianus1  
lib4 #bc4 de ,parthis4 ,judicatur is    
solus beatus apud eos1 qui in praelio   
fuderit animam4 ,de ,benef4 lib4 #b4 c4 
#a4  #cba4 ,nat4 quaest4 lib4 #c4  #cbb4
 ,boterus ,amphitridion4 ,busbequius    
,turc4 hist4 ,per caedes et sanguinem   
parare hominibus ascensum in coelum     
putant1 ,lactan4 de falsa relig4 l4 #a4 
cap4 #h4  #cbc4 ,quoniam bella          
acerbissima dei flagella sunt quibus    
hominum pertinaciam punit1 ea perpetua  
oblivione sepelienda potius quam        
memoriae mandanda plerique judicant4    
,rich4 ,dinoth4 praef4 hist4 ,gall4     
#cbd4 ,cruentam humani generis pestem1  
et perniciem divinitatis nota           
insigniunt4  #cbe4 ,et quod dolendum1   
applausum habent et occursum viri tales4
  #cbf4 ,herculi eadem porta ad coelum  

patuit1 qui magnam generis humani partem
 perdidit4  #cbg4 ,virg4 ,aeneid4 #g4   
#cbh4 ,hominicidium quum committunt     
singuli1 crimen est1 quum publice       
geritur1 virtus vocatur4 ,cyprianus4    
#cbi4 ,seneca4 ,successful vice is      
called virtue4  #ccj4 ,juven4  #cca4 ,de
 vanit4 scient4 de princip4 nobilitatis4
  #ccb4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #d4  #ccc4 ,pausa 
rapit1 quod ,natta reliquit4 ,tu        
pessimus omnium latro es1 as ,demetrius 
the ,pirate told ,alexander in ,curtius4
  #ccd4 ,non ausi mutire1 c4 ,aesop4    
#cce4 ,improbum et stultum1 si divitem  
multos bonos viros in servitutem        
habentem1 ob id duntaxat quod ei        
contingat aureorum numismatum cumulus1  
ut appendices1 et additamenta           
numismatum4 ,morus ,utopia4  #ccf4      
,eorumque detestantur ,utopienses       
insaniam1 qui divinos honores iis       
impendunt1 quos sordidos et avaros      
agnoscunt2 non alio respectu honorantes1
 quam quod dites sint4 ,idem4 lib4 #b4  
#ccg4 ,cyp4 #b ad ,donat4 ep4 ,ut reus  

innocens pereat1 sit nocens4 ,judex     
damnat foras1 quod intus operatur4      
#cch4 ,sidonius ,apo4  #cci4 ,salvianus 
l4 #c4 de providen4  #cdj4 ,ergo        
judicium nihil est nisi publica merces4 
,petronius4 ,quid faciant leges ubi sola
 pecunia regnat8 ,idem4  #cda4 ,hic     
arcentur haerediatatibus liberi1 hic    
donatur bonis alienis1 falsum consulit1 
alter testamentum corrumpit1 c4 ,idem4  
#cdb4 ,vexat censura columbas4  #cdc4   
,plaut4 mostel4  #cdd4 ,idem4  #cde4    
,juven4 ,sat4 #d4  #cdf4 ,quod tot sint 
fures et mendici1 magistratuum culpa    
fit1 qui malos imitantur praeceptores1  
qui discipulos libentius verberant quam 
docunt4 ,morus1 ,utop4 lib4 #a4  #cdg4  
,decernuntur furi gravia et horrenda    
supplicia1 quum potius providendum multo
 foret ne fures sint1 ne cuiquam tam    
dira furandi aut pereundi sit           
necessitas4 ,idem4  #cdh4 ,boterus de   
augment4 urb lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4  #cdi4 ,e
 fraterno corde sanguinem eliciunt4     
#cej4 ,milvus rapit ac deglubit4  #cea4 

,petronius de ,crotone civit4  #ceb4    
,quid forum8 locus quo alius alium      
circumvenit4  #cec4 ,vastum chaos1      
larvarum emporium1 theatrum hypocrisios1
 c4  #ced4 ,nemo coelum1 nemo           
jusjurandum1 nemo ,jovem pluris facit1  
sed omnes apertis oculis bona sua       
computant4 ,petron4  #cee4 ,plutarch1   
vit4 ejus4 ,indecorum animatis ut       
calceis uti aut vitris1 quae ubi fracta 
abjicimus1 nam ut de meipso dicam1 nec  
bovem senem vendideram1 nedum hominem   
natu grandem laboris socium4  #cef4     
,jovius4 ,cum innumera illius beneficia 
rependere non posset aliter1 interfici  
jussit4  #ceg4 ,beneficia eo usque lata 
sunt dum videntur solvi posse1 ubi      
multum1 antevenere pro gratia odium     
redditur4 ,tac4  #ceh4 ,paucis charior  
est fides quam pecunia4 ,salust4  #cei4 
,prima fere vota et cunctis1 c4  #cfj4  
,et genus et formam regina pecunia      
donat4 ,quantum quisque sua nummorum    
servat in arca1 tantum habet et fidei4  
#cfa4 ,non a peritia sed ab ornatu et   

vulgi vocibus habemur excellentes4      
,cardan4 l4 #b4 de cons4  #cfb4         
,perjurata suo postponit numina lucro1  
,mercator4 ,ut necessarium sit vel ,deo 
displicere1 vel ab hominibus contemni1  
vexari1 negligi4  #cfc4 ,qui ,curios    
simulant et ,bacchanalia vivunt4  #cfd4 
,tragelapho similes vel centauris1      
sursum homines1 deorsum equi4  #cfe4    
,praeceptis suis coelum promittunt1 ipsi
 interim pulveris terreni vilia         
mancipia4  #cff4 ,aeneas ,silv4  #cfg4  
,arridere homines ut saeviant1 blandiri 
ut fallant4 ,cyp4 ad ,donatum4  #cfh4   
,love and hate are like the two ends of 
a perspective glass1 the one multiplies1
 the other makes less4  #cfi4 ,ministri 
locupletiores iis quibus ministratur1   
servus majores opes habens quam         
patronus4  #cgj4 ,qui terram colunt equi
 paleis pascuntur1 qui otiantur caballi 
avena saginantur1 discalceatus discurrit
 qui calces aliis facit4  #cga4 ,juven4 
,do you laugh8 he is shaken by still    
greater laughter2 he weeps also when he 

has beheld the tears of his friend4     
#cgb4 ,bodin1 lib4 #d4 de repub4 cap4   
#f4  #cgc4 ,plinius l4 #cg4 cap4 #c4    
capillos habuit succineos1 exinde factum
 ut omnes puellae ,romanae colorem illum
 affectarent4  #cgd4 ,odit damnatos4    
,juv4  #cge4 ,agrippa ep4 #ch4 l4 #g4   
,quorum cerebrum est in ventre1 ingenium
 in patinis4  #cgf4 ,psal4 ,they eat up 
my people as bread4  #cgg4 ,absumit     
haeres caecuba lignior servata centum   
clavibus1 et mero distinguet pavimentis 
superbo1 pontificum potiore coenis4     
,hor4  #cgh4 ,qui ,thaidem pingere1     
inflare tibiam1 crispare crines4  #cgi4 
,doctus spectare lacunar4  #chj4        
,tullius4 ,est enim proprium stultitiae 
aliorum cernere vitia1 oblivisci suorum4
 ,idem ,aristippus ,charidemo apud      
,lucianum ,omnino stultitiae cujusdam   
esse puto1 c4  #cha4 ,execrari publice  
quod occulte agat4 ,salvianus lib4 de   
pro4 acres ulciscendis vitiis quibus    
ipsi vehementer indulgent4  #chb4       
,adamus eccl4 hist4 cap4 #bab4 ,siquis  

damnatus fuerit1 laetus esse gloria est2
 nam lachrymas et planctum caeteraque   
compunctionum genera quae nos salubria  
censemus1 ita abominantur ,dani1 ut nec 
pro peccatis nec pro defunctis amicis   
ulli fiere liceat4  #chc4 ,orbi dat     
leges foras1 vix famulum regit sine     
strepitu domi4  #chd4 ,quicquid ego volo
 hoc vult mater mea1 et quod mater vult1
 facit pater4  #che4 ,oves1 olim mite   
pecus1 nunc tam indomitum et edax ut    
homines devorent1 c4 ,morus4 ,utop4 lib4
 #a4  #chf4 ,diversos variis tribuit    
natura furores4  #chg4 ,democrit4 ep4   
praed4 ,hos4 dejerantes et potantes     
deprehendet1 hos vomentes1 illos        
litigantes1 insidias molientes1         
suffragantes1 venena miscentes1 in      
amicorum accusationem subscribentes1 hos
 gloria1 illos ambitione1 cupiditate1   
mente captos1 c4  #chh4 ,ad ,donat4 ep4 
#b4 l4 #a4 ,o si posses in specula      
sublimi constitutus1 c4  #chi4 ,lib4 #a4
 de nup4 ,philol4 in qua quid singuli   
nationum populi quotidianis motibus     

agitarent1 relucebat4  #cij4 ,o ,jupiter
 contingat mihi aurum haereditas1 c4    
,multos da ,jupiter annos1 ,dementia    
quanta est hominum1 turpissima vota diis
 insusurrant1 si quis admoverit aurem1  
conticescunt2 et quod scire homines     
nolunt1 ,deo narrant4 ,senec4 ep4 #aj4  
l4 #a4  #cia4 ,plautus ,menech4 non     
potest haec res ,hellebori jugere       
obtinerier4  #cib4 ,eoque gravior morbus
 quo ignotior periclitanti4  #cic4 ,quae
 laedunt oculos1 festinas demere2 si    
quid est animum1 differs curandi tempus 
in annum4 ,hor4  #cid4 ,si caput1 crus  
dolet1 brachium1 c4 ,medicum accersimus1
 recte et honeste1 si par etiam         
industria in animi morbis poneretur4    
,joh4 ,pelenus ,jesuita4 lib4 #b4 de    
hum4 affec4 morborumque cura4  #cie4 ,et
 quotusquisque tamen est qui contra tot 
pestes medicum requirat vel aegrotare se
 agnoscat8 ebullit ira1 c4 ,et nos tamen
 aegros esse negamus4 ,incolumes medicum
 recusant4 ,praesens aetas stultitiam   
priscis exprobrat4 ,bud4 de affec4 lib4 

#e4  #cif4 ,senes pro stultis habent    
juvenes4 ,balth4 ,cast4  #cig4 ,clodius 
accusat maechos4  #cih4 ,omnium         
stultissimi qui auriculas studiose      
tegunt4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #cii4 ,hor4      
,epist4 #b4  #djj4 ,prosper4  #dja4     
,statim sapiunt1 statim sciunt1 neminem 
reverentur1 neminem imitantur1 ipsi sibi
 exemplo4 ,plin4 ,epist4 lib4 #h4  #djb4
 ,nulli alteri sapere concedit ne       
desipere videatur4 ,agrip4  #djc4 ,omnis
 orbis persechio a persis ad            
,lusitaniam4  #djd4 #b ,florid4  #dje4  
,august4 ,qualis in oculis hominum qui  
inversis pedibus ambulat1 talis in      
oculis sapientum et angelorum qui sibi  
placet1 aut cui passiones dominantur4   
#djf4 ,plautus ,menechmi4  #djg4        
,governor of ,asnich by ,caesar's       
appointment4  #djh4 ,nunc sanitatis     
patrocinium est insanientium turba4     
,sen4  #dji4 ,pro ,roseio ,amerino1 et  
quod inter omnes constat insanissimus1  
nisi inter eos1 qui ipsi quoque         
insaniunt4  #daj4 ,necesse est cum      

insanientibus furere1 nisi solus        
relinqueris4 ,petronius4  #daa4 ,quoniam
 non est genus unum stultitiae qua me   
insanire putas4  #dab4 ,stultum me      
fateor1 liceat concedere verum1 ,atque  
etiam insanum4 ,hor4  #dac4 ,odi nec    
possum cupiens nec esse quod odi4 ,ovid4
 ,errore grato libenter omnes insanimus4
  #dad4 ,amator scortum vitae praeponit1
 iracundus vindictam2 fur praedam1      
parasitus gulam1 ambitiosus honores1    
avarus opes1 c4 odimus haec et          
accercimus4 ,cardan4 l4 #b4 de conso4   
#dae4 ,prov4 xxvi4 #aa4  #daf4 ,although
 you call out1 and confound the sea and 
sky1 you still address a deaf man4      
#dag4 ,plutarch4 ,gryllo4 suilli homines
 sic ,clem4 ,alex4 vo4  #dah4 ,non      
persuadebis1 etiamsi persuaseris4  #dai4
 ,tully4  #dbj4 ,malo cum illis         
insanire1 quam cum aliis bene sentire4  
#dba4 ,qui inter hos enutriuntur1 non   
magis sapere possunt1 quam qui in culina
 bene olere4 ,patron4  #dbb4 ,persius4  
#dbc4 ,hor4 #b4 ser4 which of these is  

the more mad4  #dbd4 ,vesanum exagitant 
pueri1 innuptaeque puellae4  #dbe4      
,plautus4  #dbf4 ,hor4 l4 #b4 sat4 #b4  
,superbam stultitiam ,plinus vocat4 #g4 
epist4 #ba4 quod semel dixi1 fixum      
ratumque sit4  #dbg4 #ai ,multi         
sapientes proculdubio fuissent1 si se   
non putassent ad sapientiae summum      
pervenisse4  #dbh4 ,idem4  #dbi4        
,plutarchus ,solone4 ,detur sapientiori4
  #dcj4 ,tam praesentibus plena est     
numinibus1 ut facilius possis ,deum quam
 hominem invenire4  #dca4 ,pulchrum bis 
dicere non nocet4  #dcb4 ,malefactors4  
#dcc4 ,who can find a faithful man8     
,prov4 xx4 #f4  #dcd4 ,in ,psal4 xlix4  
,qui momentanea sempiternis1 qui        
delapidat heri absentis bona1 mox in jus
 vocandus et damnandus4  #dce4 ,perquam 
ridiculum est homines ex animi sententia
 vivere1 et quae ,diis ingrata sunt     
exequi1 et tamen a solis ,diis vella    
solvos fieri1 quum propriae salutis     
curam abjecerint4 ,theod4 c4 #f4 de     
provid4 lib4 de curat4 graec4 affect4   

#dcf4 ,sapiens sibi qui imperiosus1 c4  
,hor4 #b4 ser4 #g4  #dcg4 ,conclus4 lib4
 de vie4 offer1 certum est animi morbis 
laborantes pro mortuis consendos4  #dch4
 ,lib4 de sap4 ,ubi timor adest1        
sapientia adesse nequit4  #dci4 ,he who 
is desirous is also fearful1 and he who 
lives in fear never can be free4  #ddj4 
,quid insanius ,xerxe ,hellespontum     
verberante1 c4  #dda4 ,eccl4 xxi4 #ab4  
,where is bitterness1 there is no       
understanding4 ,prov4 xii4 #af4 ,an     
angry man is a fool4  #ddb4 ,b ,tusc4   
,injuria in sapientem non cadit4  #ddc4 
,hom4 #f4 in #b ,epist4 ad ,cor4        
,hominem te agnoscere nequeo1 cum       
tanquam asinus recalcitres1 lascivias ut
 taurus1 hinnias ut equus post mulieres1
 ut ursus ventri indulgeas1 quum rapias 
ut lupus1 c4 at inquis formam hominis   
habeo1 ,id magis terret1 quum feram     
humana specie videre me putem4  #ddd4   
,epist4 lib4 #b4 #ac4 ,stultus semper   
incipit vivere1 foeda hominum levitas1  
nova quotidie fundamenta vitae ponere1  

novas spes1 c4  #dde4 ,de curial4 miser4
 ,stultus1 qui quaerit quod nequit      
invenire1 stultus qui quaerit quod nocet
 inventum1 stultus qui cum plures habet 
calles1 deteriorem deligit4 ,mihi       
videntur omnes deliri1 amentes1 c4      
#ddf4 ,ep4 ,demagete4  #ddg4 ,amicis    
nostris ,rhodi dicito1 ne nimium        
rideant1 aut nimium tristes sint4  #ddh4
 ,per multum risum poteris cognoscere   
stultum4 ,offic4 #c4 c4 #i4  #ddi4      
,sapientes liberi1 stulti servi1        
libertas est potestas1 c4  #dej4 ,hor4  
#b4 ser4 #g4  #dea4 ,juven4 ,good people
 are scarce4  #deb4 ,hypocrit4  #dec4   
,ut mulier aulica nullius pudens4  #ded4
 ,epist4 #cc4 ,quando fatuo delectari   
volo1 non est longe quaerendus1 me      
video4  #dee4 ,primo contradicentium4   
#def4 ,lib4 de causis corrupt4 artium4  
#deg4 ,actione ad subtil4 in ,scal4 fol4
 #abbf4  #deh4 ,lib4 #a4 de sap4  #dei4 
,vide miser homo1 quia totum est        
vanitas1 totum stultitia1 totum         
dementia1 quicquid facis in hoc mundo1  

praeter hoc solum quod propter ,deum    
facis4 ,ser4 de miser1 hom4  #dfj4 ,in  
#b ,platonis dial4 #a4 de justo4  #dfa4 
,dum iram et odium in ,deo revera ponit4
  #dfb4 ,virg4 #a4 ,eccl4 #c4  #dfc4    
,ps4 inebriabuntur ab ubertate domus4   
#dfd4 ,in ,psal4 civ4 ,austin4  #dfe4   
,in ,platonis ,tim4 sacerdos ,aegyptius4
  #dff4 ,hor4 vulgis insanum4  #dfg4    
,patet ea diviso probabilis1 c4 ex4     
,arist4 ,top4 ib4 l4 c4 #h4 ,rog4 ,bac4 
,epist4 de secret4 art4 et nat4 c4 #h4  
non est judicium in vulgo4  #dfh4 ,de   
occult4 ,philosop4 l4 #a4 c4 #be et #ai4
 ejusd4 l4 ,lib4 #aj4 cap4 #d4  #dfi4   
,see ,lipsius epist4  #dgj4 ,de politai 
illustrium lib4 #a4 cap4 #d4 ut in      
humanis corporibus variae accidunt      
mutationes corporis1 animique1 sic in   
republica1 c4  #dga4 ,ubi reges         
philosophantur1 ,plato4  #dgb4 ,lib4 de 
re rust4  #dgc4 ,vel publicam           
utilitatem3 salus publica suprema lex   
esto4 ,beata civitas non ubi pauci      
beati1 sed tota civitas beata4 ,plato   

quarto de republica4  #dgd4 ,mantua vae 
miserae nimium vicina ,cremonae4  #dge4 
,interdum a feris1 ut olim ,mauritania1 
c4  #dgf4 ,deliciis ,hispaniae anno     
#afjd4 ,nemo malus1 nemo pauper1 optimus
 quisque aetque ditissimus4 ,pie1       
sancteque vivebant summaque cum         
veneratione1 et timore divino cultui1   
sacrisque rebus incumbebant4  #dgg4     
,polit4 l4 #e4 c4 #c4  #dgh4 ,boterus   
,polit4 lib4 #a4 c4 #a4 ,cum nempe      
princeps rerum gerendarum imperitus1    
segnis1 oscitans1 suique muneris        
immemor1 aut fatuus est4  #dgi4 ,non    
viget respublica cujus caput infirmatur4
 ,salisburiensis1 c4 #bb4  #dhj4 ,see   
,dr4 ,fletcher's relation1 and          
,alexander ,gaeninus' history4  #dha4   
,abundans omni divitiarum affluentia    
incolarum multitudine splendore ac      
potentia4  #dhb4 ,not above #bjj miles  
in length1 #fj in breadth1 according to 
,adricomius4  #dhc4 ,romulus ,amascus4  
#dhd4 ,sabellicus4 ,si quis incola      
vetus1 non agnosceret1 si quis          

peregrinus ingemisceret4  #dhe4 ,polit4 
l4 #e4 c4 #f4 ,crudelitas principum1    
impunitas scelerum1 violatio legum1     
peculatus pecuniae publicae1 etc4  #dhf4
 ,epist4  #dhg4 ,de increm4 urb4 cap4   
#bj4 subditi miseri1 rebelles1          
desperati1 c4  #dhh4 ,r4 ,darlington4   
#aeif4 conclusio libri4  #dhi4 ,boterus 
l4 #i4 c4 #d4 ,polit4 ,quo fit ut aut   
rebus desperatis exulent1 aut           
conjuratione subditorum crudelissime    
tandem trucidentur4  #dij4 ,mutuis odiis
 et caedibus exhausti1 c4  #dia4 ,lucra 
ex malis1 scelerastisque causis4  #dib4 
,salust4  #dic4 ,for most part we       
mistake the name of ,politicians1       
accounting such as read ,machiavel and  
,tacitus1 great statesmen1 that can     
dispute of political precepts1 supplant 
and overthrow their adversaries1 enrich 
themselves1 get honours1 dissemble2 but 
what is this to the bene esse1 or       
preservation of a ,commonwealth8  #did4 
,imperium suapte sponte corruit4  #die4 
,apul4 ,prim4 ,flor4 ,ex                

innumerabilibus1 pauci ,senatores genere
 nobiles1 e consularibus pauci boni1 e  
bonis adhuc pauci eruditi4  #dif4 ,non  
solum vitia concipiunt ipsi principes1  
sed etiam infundunt in civitatem1       
plusque exemplo quam peccato nocent4    
,cic4 l4 de legibus4  #dig4 ,epist4 ad  
,zen4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #d4 ,paupertas      
seditionem gignit et maleficium1 ,arist4
 ,pol4 #b4 c4 #g4  #dih4 ,vicious       
domestic examples operate more quickly  
upon us when suggested to our minds by  
high authorities4  #dii4 ,salust4       
,semper in civitate quibus opes nullae  
sunt bonis invident1 vetera odere1 nova 
exoptant1 odio suarum rerum mutari omnia
 petunt4  #ejj4 ,de legibus4 profligatae
 in repub4 disciplinae est indicium     
jurisperitorum numerus1 et medicorum    
copia4  #eja4 ,in praef4 stud4 juris4   
,multiplicantur nunc in terris ut       
locustae non patriae parentes1 sed      
pestes1 pessimi homines1 majore ex parta
 superciliosi1 contentiosi1 c4 licitum  
latrocinium exercent4  #ejb4 ,dousa     

epid4 loquieleia turba1 vultures togati4
  #ejc4 ,barc4 ,argen4  #ejd4 ,juris    
consulti domus oraculum civitatis4      
,tully4  #eje4 ,lib4 #c4  #ejf4 ,lib4   
#c4  #ejg4 ,lib4 #a4 de rep4 ,gallorum1 
incredibilem reipub4 perniciem afferunt4
  #ejh4 ,polycrat4 lib4  #eji4 ,is stipe
 contentus1 et hi asses integros sibi   
multiplicari jubent4  #eaj4 ,plus       
accipiunt tacere1 quam nos loqui4  #eaa4
 ,totius injustitiae nulla capitalior1  
quam eorum qui cum maxime decipiunt1 id 
agunt1 ut boni viri esse videantur4     
#eab4 ,nam quocunque modo causa         
procedat1 hoc semper agitur1 ut loculi  
impleantur1 etsi avaritia nequit        
satiari4  #eac4 ,camden in ,norfolk3 qui
 si nihil sit litium e juris apicibus   
lites tamen serere callent4  #ead4      
,plutarch1 vit4 ,cat4 causas apud       
inferos quas in suam fidem receperunt1  
patrocinio suo tuebuntur4  #eae4 ,lib4  
#b4 de ,helvet4 repub4 non explicandis1 
sed moliendis controversiis operam dant1
 ita ut lites in multos annos           

extrabantur summa cum molestia utrisque2
 partis et dum interea patrimonia       
exhauriantur4  #eaf4 ,lupum auribus     
tenent4  #eag4 ,hor4  #eah4 ,lib4 de    
,helvet4 repub4 ,judices quocunque pago 
constituunt qui amica aliqua            
transactione si fieri possit1 lites     
tollant4 ,ego majorum nostrorum         
simplicitatem admiror1 qui sic causas   
gravissimas composuerint1 c4  #eai4     
,clenard4 l4 #a4 ep4 ,si quae           
controversiae utraque para judicem adit1
 is semel et simul rem transigit1 audit3
 nec quid sit appellatio1 lachrymosaeque
 morae noscunt4  #ebj4 ,camden4  #eba4  
,lib4 #aj4 epist4 ad ,atticum1 epist4   
,,ii4  #ebb4 ,biblioth4 l4 #c4  #ebc4   
,lib4 de ,anim4  #ebd4 ,lib4 major morb4
 corp4 an animi4 ,hi non conveniunt ut  
diis more majorum sacra faciant1 non ut 
,jovi primitias offerant1 aut ,baccho   
commessationes1 sed anniversarius morbus
 exasperans ,asiam huc eos coegit1 ut   
contentiones hic peragant4  #ebe4 ,i    
,cor4 vi4 #e1 #f4  #ebf4 ,stulti quando 

demum sapietis8 ,ps4 xlix4 #h4  #ebg4   
,so intituled1 and preached by our      
,regius ,professor1 ,d4 ,prideaux2      
printed at ,london by ,felix ,kingston1 
#afba4  #ebh4 ,of which ,text read two  
learned ,sermons4  #ebi4 ,saepius bona  
materia cessat sine artifice4           
,sabellicus de ,germania4 ,si quis      
videret ,germaniam urbibus hodie        
excultam1 non diceret ut olim tristem   
cultu1 asperam coelo1 terram informem4  
#ecj4 ,by his ,majesty's ,attorney      
,general there4  #eca4 ,as ,zeipland1   
,bemster in ,holland1 c4  #ecb4 ,from   
,gaunt to ,sluce1 from ,bruges to the   
,sea1 c4  #ecc4 ,ortelius1 ,boterus1    
,mercator1 ,meteranus1 c4  #ecd4 ,the   
citadel par excellance4  #ece4 ,jam inde
 non belli gloria quam humanitatis cultu
 inter florentissimas orbis ,christiani 
gentes imprimis floruit4 ,camden ,brit4 
de ,normannis4  #ecf4 ,georg4 ,kecker4  
#ecg4 ,tam hieme quam aestate intrepide 
sulcant ,oceanum1 et duo illorum duces  
non minore audacia quam fortuna totius  

orbem terrae circumnavigarunt4          
,amphitheatro ,boterus4  #ech4 ,a       
fertile soil1 good air1 c4 ,tin1 ,lead1 
,wool1 ,saffron1 c4  #eci4 ,tota        
,britannia unica velut arx ,boter4      
#edj4 ,lib4 #a4 hist4  #eda4 ,increment1
 urb4 l4 #a4 c4 #i4  #edb4 ,angliae1    
excepto ,londino1 nulla est civitas     
memorabilia1 licet ea natio rerum omnium
 copia abundet4  #edc4 ,cosmog4 ,lib4   
#c4 cop4 #aai4 ,villarum non est        
numerus1 nullus locus otiosus aut       
incultus4  #edd4 ,chytreus orat4 edit4  
,francof4 #aehc4  #ede4 ,maginus ,geog4 
#edf4 ,ortelius e ,vaseo et ,pet4 de    
,medina4  #edg4 ,an hundred families in 
each4  #edh4 ,populi multitudo diligente
 cultura foecundat solum4 ,boter4 l4 #h4
 c4 #c4  #edi4 ,orat4 #ce4 ,terra ubi   
oves stabulantur optima agricolis ob    
stercus4  #eej4 ,de re rust4 l4 #b4 cap4
 #a4 ,the soil is not tired or          
exhausted1 but has become barren through
 our sloth4  #eea4 ,hodie urbibus       
desolatur1 et magna ex parte incolis    

destituitur4 ,gerbelius desc4 ,graeciae1
 lib4 #f4  #eeb4 ,videbit eas fere omnes
 aut eversas1 aut solo aequatas1 aut in 
rudera foedissime dejectas ,gerbelius4  
#eec4 ,not even the hardest of our foes 
could hear1 ,nor stern ,ulysses tell    
without a tear4  #eed4 ,lib4 #g4        
,septuaginta olim legiones scriptae     
dicuntur2 quas vires hodie1 c4  #eee4   
,polit4 l4 #c4 c4 #h4  #eef4 ,for dyeing
 of cloths1 and dressing1 c4  #eeg4     
,valer4 l4 #b4 c4 #a4  #eeh4 ,hist4     
,scot4 ,lib4 #aj4 ,magnis propositis    
praemiis1 ut ,scoti ab iis edocerentur4 
#eei4 ,munst4 cosm4 l4 #e4 c4 #gd4 ,agro
 omnium rerum infoecundissimo aqua      
indigente inter saxeta1 urbs tamen      
elegantissima1 ob ,orientis             
negotiationes et ,occidentis4  #efj4    
,lib4 #h4 ,georgr3 ob asperum situm4    
#efa4 ,lib4 ,edit4 a ,nic4 ,tregant4    
,belg4 ,a4 #afaf4 expedit4 in ,sinas4   
#efb4 ,ubi nobiles probi loco habent    
artem aliquam profiteri4 ,cleonard4 ep4 
l4 #a4  #efc4 ,lib4 #ac4 ,belg4 ,hist4  

non tam laboriosi ut ,belgae1 sed ut    
,hispani otiatores vitam ut plurimum    
otiosam agentes3 artes manuariae quae   
plurimum habent in se laboris et        
difficultatis1 majoremque requirunt     
industriam1 a peregrinis et exteris     
exercentur2 habitant in piscosissimo    
mari1 interea tantum non piscantur      
quantum insulae suffecerit sed a vicinis
 emere coguntur4  #efd4 ,grotii ,liber4 
#efe4 ,urbs animis numeroque potens1 et 
robore gentis4 ,scaliger4  #eff4        
,camden4  #efg4 ,york1 ,bristow1        
,norwich1 ,worcester1 c4  #efh4 ,m4     
,gainsford's ,argument3 ,because        
gentlemen dwell with us in the country  
villages1 our cities are less1 is       
nothing to the purpose3 put three       
hundred or four hundred villages in a   
shire1 and every village yield a        
gentleman1 what is four hundred families
 to increase one of our cities1 or to   
contend with theirs1 which stand        
thicker8 ,and whereas ours usually      
consist of seven thousand1 theirs       

consist of forty thousand inhabitants4  
#efi4 ,maxima pars victus in carne      
consistit4 ,polyd4 ,lib4 #a4 ,hist4     
#egj4 ,refraenate monopolii licentiam1  
pauciores alantur otio1 redintegretur   
agricolatio1 lanificium instauretur1 ut 
sit honestum negotium quo se exerceat   
otiosa illa turba4 ,nisi his malis      
medentur1 frustra exercent justitiam4   
,mor4 ,utop4 ,lib4 #a4  #ega4 ,mancipiis
 locuples eget aeris ,cappadocum rex4   
,hor4  #egb4 ,regis dignitatis non est  
exercere imperium in mendicos sed in    
opulentos4 ,non est regni decus1 sed    
carceris esse custos4 ,idem4  #egc4     
,colluvies hominum mirabiles excocti    
solo1 immundi vestes foedi visu1 furti  
imprimis acres1 c4  #egd4 ,cosmog4 lib4 
#c4 cap4 #e4  #ege4 ,let no one in our  
city be a beggar4  #egf4 ,seneca4 ,haud 
minus turpia principi multa supplicia1  
quam medico multa funera4  #egg4 ,ac    
pituitam et bilem a corpore 7#aa4 de    
leg47 omnes vult exterminari4  #egh4    
,see ,lipsius ,admiranda4  #egi4 ,de quo

 ,suet4 in ,claudio1 et ,plinius1 c4    
#cf4  #ehj4 ,ut egestati simul et       
ignaviae occurratur1 opificia           
condiscantur1 tenues subleventur4       
,bodin4 l4 #f4 c4 #b4 num4 #f1g4  #eha4 
,amasis ,aegypti rex legem promulgavit1 
ut omnes subditi quotannis rationem     
redderent unde viverent4  #ehb4         
,buscoldus discursu polit4 cap4 #b4     
whereby they are supported1 and do not  
become vagrants by being less accustomed
 to labour4  #ehc4 ,lib4 #a4 de increm4 
,urb4 cap4 #f4  #ehd4 ,cap4 #e4 de      
increm4 urb4 ,quas flumen1 lacus1 aut   
mare alluit4  #ehe4 ,incredibilem       
commoditatem1 vectura mercium tres      
fluvii navigabiles1 c4 ,boterus de      
,gallia4  #ehf4 ,herodotus4  #ehg4 ,ind4
 ,orient4 cap4 #b4 ,rotam in medio      
flumine constituunt1 cui ex pellibus    
animalium consutos uteres appendunt1 hi 
dum rota movetur1 aquam per canales1 c4 
#ehh4 ,centum pedes lata fossa #cj4     
alta4  #ehi4 ,contrary to that of       
,archimedes1 who holds the superficies  

of all waters even4  #eij4 ,lib4 #a4    
cap4 #c4  #eia4 ,dion4 ,pausanias1 et   
,nic4 ,gerbelius4 ,munster4 ,cosm4 ,lib4
 #d4 cap4 #cf4 ,ut brevior foret        
navigatio et minus periculosa4  #eib4   
,charles the great went about to make a 
channel from the ,rhine to the ,danube4 
,bil4 ,pirkimerus descript4 ,ger4 the   
ruins are yet seen about ,wessenburg    
from ,rednich to ,altimul4 ,ut          
navigabilia inter se ,occidentis et     
,septentrionis littora fierent4  #eic4  
,maginus ,georgr4 ,simlerus de rep4     
,helvet4 lib4 #a4 describit4  #eid4     
,camden in ,lincolnshire1 ,fossedike4   
#eie4 ,near ,st4 ,albans1 which must not
 now be whispered in the ear4  #eif4    
,lilius ,girald4 ,nat4 comes4  #eig4    
,apuleius1 lib4 #d4 ,flor4 ,lar4        
familiaris inter homines aetatis suae   
cultus est1 litium omnium et jurgiorum  
inter propinquos arbitrer et            
disceptator4 ,adversus iracundiam1      
invidiam1 avaritiam1 libidinem1         
ceteraque animi humani vitia et monstra 

philosophus iste ,hercules fuit4 ,pestes
 eas mentibus exegit omnes1 c4  #eih4   
,votia navig4  #eii4 ,raggnalios1 part  
#b1 cap4 #b1 et part #c1 c4 #ag4  #fjj4 
,velent4 ,andreae ,apolog4 manip4 #fjd4 
#fja4 ,qui sordidus est1 sordescat      
adhuc4  #fjb4 ,hor4  #fjc4 ,ferdinando  
,quir4 #afab4  #fjd4 ,vide ,acosta et   
,laiet4  #fje4 ,vide patritium1 lib4 #h4
 tit4 #aj4 de ,instit4 ,reipub4  #fjf4  
,sic ,olim ,hippodamus ,milesius ,aris4 
polit4 cap4 #aa4 et ,vitruvius l4 #a4 c4
 ult4  #fjg4 ,with walls of earth1 c4   
#fjh4 ,de his ,plin4 epist4 #db4 lib4   
#b4 et ,tacit4 ,annal4 #ac4 lib4  #fji4 
,vide ,brisonium de regno ,perse lib4   
#c4 de his et ,vegetium1 lib4 #b4 cap4  
#c4 de ,annona4  #faj4 ,not to make     
gold1 but for matters of physic4  #faa4 
,bresonius ,josephus1 lib4 #ba4         
antiquit4 ,jud4 cap4 #f4 ,herod4 lib4   
#c4  #fab4 ,so ,lod4 ,vives thinks best1
 ,comineus1 and others4  #fac4 ,plato   
#c4 de leg4 ,aediles creari vult1 qui   
fora1 fontes1 vias1 portus1 plateas1 et 

id genus alia procurent4 ,vide ,isaacum 
,pontanum de civ4 ,amstel4 haec omnia1  
c4 ,gotardum et alios4  #fad4 ,de       
,increm4 urb4 cap4 #ac4 ,ingenue fateor 
me non intelligere cur ignobilius sit   
urbes bene munitas colere nunc quam     
olim1 aut casae rusticae praesse quam   
urbi4 ,idem ,urbertus ,foliot1 de       
,neapoli4  #fae4 ,ne tantillum quidem   
soli incultum relinquitur1 ut verum sit 
ne pollicem quidem agri in his          
regionibus sterilem aut infoecundum     
reperiri4 ,marcus ,hemingias ,augustanus
 de regno ,chinae1 l4 #a4 c4 #c4  #faf4 
,m4 ,carew1 in his survey of ,cornwall1 
saith that before that country was      
enclosed1 the husbandmen drank water1   
did eat little or no bread1 fol4 #ff1   
lib4 #a4 their apparel was coarse1 they 
went bare legged1 their dwelling was    
correspondent2 but since inclosure1 they
 live decently1 and have money to spend 
7fol4 #bc72 when their fields were      
common1 their wool was coarse1 ,cornish 
hair2 but since inclosure1 it is almost 

as good as ,cotswol1 and their soil much
 mended4 ,tusser4 cap4 #eb of his       
husbandry1 is of his opinion1 one acre  
enclosed1 is worth three common4 ,the   
country enclosed ,i praise2 the other   
delighteth not me1 for nothing of wealth
 it doth raise1 c4  #fag4 ,incredibilis 
navigiorum copia1 nihilo pauciores in   
aquis1 quam in continenti commorantur4  
,m4 ,ricceus expedit4 in ,sinas1 l4 #a4 
c4 #c4  #fah4 ,to this purpose1 ,arist4 
polit4 #b4 c4 #f4 allows a third part of
 their revenues1 ,hippodamus half4      
#fai4 ,ita lex ,agraria olim ,romae4    
#fbj4 ,hic segetes1 illic veniunt       
felicius uvae1 ,arborei faetus alibi1   
atque injussa virescunt ,graminia4      
,virg4 #a4 ,georg4  #fba4 ,lucanus1 l4  
#f4  #fbb4 ,virg4  #fbc4 ,joh4 ,valent4 
,andreas1 ,lord ,verulam4  #fbd4 ,so is 
it in the kingdom of ,naples and        
,france4  #fbe4 ,see ,contarenus and    
,osorius de rebus gestis ,emanuelis4    
#fbf4 ,claudian l4 #g4 ,liberty never is
 more gratifying than under a pious     

king4  #fbg4 ,herodotus ,erato lib4 #f4 
,cum ,aegyptiis ,lacedemonii in hoc     
congruunt1 quod eorum praecones1        
tibicines1 coqui1 et reliqui artifices1 
in paterno artificio succedunt1 et      
coquus a coquo gignitur1 et paterno     
opere perseverat4 ,idem ,marcus polus de
 ,quinzay4 ,idem ,osorius de ,emanuele  
rege ,lusitano4 ,riccius de ,sinia4     
#fbh4 ,hippol4 a collibus de increm4    
urb4 c4 #bj4 ,plato idem #g4 de legibus1
 quae ad vitam necessaria1 et quibus    
carere non possumus1 nullum dependi     
vectigal1 c4  #fbi4 ,plato #ab4 de      
legibus1 #dj4 annos natos vult1 ut si   
quid memorabile viderent apud exteros1  
hoc ipsum in rempub4 recipiatur4  #fcj4 
,simlerus in ,helvetia4  #fca4          
,utopienses causidicos excludant1 qui   
causas callide et vafre tractent et     
disputent4 ,iniquissimum censens hominem
 ullis obligari legibus1 quae aut       
numerosioret sunt1 quam ut perlegi      
queant1 aut obscuriores quam ut a quovis
 possint intelligi4 ,volunt ut suam     

quisque causam agat1 eamque referat     
,judici quam narraturus fuerat patrono1 
sic minus erit ambagum1 et veritas      
facilius elicietur4 ,mor4 ,utop4 l4 #b4 
#fcb4 ,medici ex publico victum sumunt4 
,boter4 l4 #a4 c4 #e4 de ,aegyptiis4    
#fcc4 ,de his lege ,patrit4 l4 #c4 tit4 
#h4 de reip4 ,instit4  #fcd4 ,nihil a   
clientibus patroni accipiant1 priusquam 
lis finita est4 ,barel4 ,argen4 lib4 #c4
  #fce4 ,it is so in most free cities in
 ,germany4  #fcf4 ,mat4 ,riccius exped4 
in ,sinas1 l4 #a4 c4 #e4 de examinatione
 electionum copiose agit1 c4  #fcg4     
,contar4 de repub4 ,venet4 l4 #a4  #fch4
 ,osor4 l4 #aa4 de reb4 gest4 ,eman4    
,qui in literis maximos progressus      
fecerint maximis honoribus afficiuntur1 
secundus honoris gradus militibus       
assignatur1 postremi ordinis mechanicis1
 doctorum hominum judiciis in altiorem  
locum quisque praesertur1 et qui a      
plurimis approbatur1 ampliores in rep4  
dignitates consequitur4 ,qui in hoc     
examine primas habet1 insigni per totam 

vitam dignitate insignitur1 marchioni   
similis1 aut duci apud nos4  #fci4      
,cedant arma togae4  #fdj4 ,as in       
,berne1 ,lucerne1 ,friburge in          
,switzerland1 a vicious liver is        
uncapable of any office2 if a ,senator1 
instantly deposed4 ,simlerus4  #fda4    
,not above three years1 ,arist4 polit4  
#e4 c4 #h4  #fdb4 ,nam quis custodiet   
ipsos custodes8  #fdc4 ,cytreus in      
,greisgeia4 ,qui non ex sublimi         
despiciant inferiores1 nec ut bestias   
conculcent sibi subditos auctoritatis   
nomini1 confisi1 c4  #fdd4 ,sesellius de
 rep4 ,gallorum1 lib4 #a  #b4  #fde4    
,for who would cultivate virtue itself1 
if you were to take away the reward8    
#fdf4 ,si quis egregium aut bello aut   
pace perfecerit4 ,sesel4 l4 #a4  #fdg4  
,ad regendam rempub4 soli literati      
admittuntur1 nec ad eam rem gratia      
magistratuum aut regis indigent1 omnia  
explorata cujusque scientia et virtute  
pendent4 ,riccius lib4 #a4 cap4 #e4     
#fdh4 ,in defuncti locum eum jussit     

subrogari1 qui inter majores virtute    
reliquis praeiret2 non fuit apud        
mortales ullum excellentius certamen1   
aut cujus victoria magis esset          
expetenda1 non enim inter celeres1      
celerrimo1 non inter robustos           
robustissimo1 c4  #fdi4 ,nullum videres 
vel in hac vel in vicinis regionibus    
pauperem1 nullum obaeratum1 c4  #fej4   
,nullus mendicus apud ,sinas1 nemini    
sano quamvis oculis turbatus sit        
mendicare permittitur1 omnes pro viribus
 laborare1 coguntur1 caeci molis        
trusatilibus versandis addicuntur1 soli 
hospitiis gaudent1 qui ad labores sunt  
inepti4 ,osor4 l4 #aa4 de reb4 gest4    
,eman4 ,heming4 de reg4 ,chin4 l4 #a4 c4
 #c4 ,gotard4 ,arth4 ,orient4 ,ind4     
descr4  #fea4 ,alex4 ab ,alex4 #c4 c4   
#ab4  #feb4 ,sic olim ,romae ,isaac4    
,pontan4 de his optime4 ,aristot4 l4 #b4
 c4 #i4  #fec4 ,idem ,aristot4 pol4 #e4 
c4 #h4 ,vitiosum quum soli pauperum     
liberi educantur ad labores1 nobilium et
 divitum in voluptatibus et deliciis4   

#fed4 ,quae haec injustitia ut nobilis  
quispiam1 aut faenerator qui nihil agat1
 lautam et splendidam vitam agat1 otio  
et deliciis1 quum interim auriga1 faber1
 agricola1 quo respub4 carere non       
potest1 vitam adeo miseram ducat1 ut    
pejor quam jumentorum sit ejus conditio8
 ,iniqua resp4 quae dat parasitis1      
adulatoribus1 inanium voluptatum        
artificibus generosis et otiosis tanta  
munera prodigit1 at contra agricolis1   
carbonariis1 aurigis1 fabris1 c4 nihil  
prospicit1 sed eorum abusa labore       
florentia aetatis fame penset et        
aerumnis1 ,mor4 ,utop4 l4 #b4  #fee4 ,in
 ,segovia nemo otiosus1 nemo mendicus   
nisi per aetatem aut morbum opus facere 
non potest3 nulli deest unde victum     
quaerat1 aut quo se exerceat4 ,cypr4    
,echovius ,delit4 ,hispan4 ,nullus      
,genevae otiosus1 ne septennis puer4    
,paulus ,heuzner ,itiner4  #fef4        
,athenaeus1 l4 #ab4  #feg4 ,simlerus de 
repub4 ,helvet4  #feh4 ,spartian4 olim  
,romae sic4  #fei4 ,he that provides not

 for his family1 is worse than a thief4 
,paul4  #ffj4 ,alfredi lex4 utraque     
manus et lingua praecidatur1 nisi eam   
capite redemerit4  #ffa4 ,si quis nuptam
 stuprarit1 virga virilis ei            
praeciditur2 si mulier1 nasus et        
auricula praecidatur4 ,alfredi lex4 ,en 
leges ipsi ,veneri ,martique timendas4  
#ffb4 #ed ,pauperes non peccant1 quum   
extrema necessitate coacti rem alienam  
capiunt4 ,maldonat4 summula quaest4 #h4 
art4 #c4 ,ego cum illis sentio qui      
licere putant a divite clam accipere1   
qui tenetur pauperi subvenire4 ,emmanuel
 ,sa4 ,aphor4 confess4  #ffc4 #ee ,lib4 
#b4 de ,reg4 ,persarum4  #ffd4 ,lib4    
#bd4  #ffe4 ,aliter ,aristoteles1 a man 
at #be1 a woman at #bj4 polit4  #fff4   
,lex olim ,licurgi1 hodie ,chinensium2  
vide ,plutarchum1 ,riccium1 ,hemmingium1
 ,arniseum1 ,nevisanum1 et alios de hac 
quaestione4  #ffg4 ,alfredus4  #ffh4    
,apud ,lacones olim virgines fine dote  
nubebant4 ,boter4 l4 #c4 c4 #c4  #ffi4  
#fa ,lege cautum non ita pridem apud    

,venetos1 ne quis ,patritius dotem      
excederet #aejj coron4  #fgj4 #fb ,bux4 
,synag4 ,jud4 ,sic4 ,judaei4 ,leo ,afer 
,africae descript4 ne sint aliter       
incontinentes ob reipub4 bonum4 ,ut     
,august4 ,caesar4 orat4 ad caelibes     
,romanos olim edocuit4  #fga4 ,morbo    
laborans1 qui in prolem facile          
diffunditur1 ne genus humanum foeda     
contagione laedatur1 juventute          
castratur1 mulieres tales procul a      
consortio virorum ablegantur1 c4 ,hector
 ,boethius hist4 lib4 #a4 de vet4       
,scotorum moribus4  #fgb4 ,speciosissimi
 juvenes liberis dabunt operam4 ,plato  
#e4 de legibus4  #fgc4 ,the ,saxons     
exclude dumb1 blind1 leprous1 and such  
like persons from all inheritance1 as we
 do fools4  #fgd4 ,ut olim ,romani1     
,hispani hodie1 c4  #fge4 ,riccius lib4 
#aa4 cap4 #e4 de ,sinarum4 expedit4 sic 
,hispani cogunt ,mauros arma deponere4  
,so it is in most ,italian cities4      
#fgf4 ,idem ,plato #ab4 de legibus1 it  
hath ever been immoderate1 vide ,guil4  

,stuckium antiq4 convival4 lib4 #a4 cap4
 #bf4  #fgg4 ,plato #i4 de legibus4     
#fgh4 ,as those ,lombards beyond ,seas1 
though with some reformation1 mons      
pietatis1 or bank of charity1 as        
,malines terms it1 cap4 #cc4 ,lex       
mercat4 part #b4 that lend money upon   
easy pawns1 or take money upon adventure
 for men's lives4  #fgi4 ,that          
proportion will make merchandise        
increase1 land dearer1 and better       
improved1 as he hath judicially proved  
in his tract of usury1 exhibited to the 
,parliament anno #afba4  #fhj4 ,hoc fere
 ,zanchius com4 in #d cap4 ad ,ephes4   
aequissimam vocat usuram1 et charitati  
,christianae consentaneam1 modo non     
exigant1 c4 nec omnes dent ad foenus1   
sed ii qui in pecuniis bona habent1 et  
ob aetatem1 sexum1 artis alicujus       
ignorantiam1 non possunt uti4 ,nec      
omnibus1 sed mercatoribus et iis qui    
honeste impendent1 c4  #fha4 ,idem apud 
,persas olim1 lege ,brisonium4  #fhb4   
,we hate the hawk1 because he always    

lives in battle4  #fhc4 ,idem ,plato de 
legibus4  #fhd4 #cj4 ,optimum quidem    
fuerat eam patribus nostris mentem a    
diis datam esse1 ut vos ,italiae1 nos   
,africae imperio contenti essemus4      
,neque enim ,sicilia aut ,sardinia satis
 digna precio sunt pro tot classibus1 c4
  #fhe4 ,claudian4  #fhf4 ,thucydides4  
#fhg4 ,a depopulatione1 agrorum         
incendiis1 et ejusmodi factis immanibus4
 ,plato4  #fhh4 ,hungar4 dec4 #a4 lib4  
#i4  #fhi4 ,sesellius1 lib4 #b4 de      
repub4 ,gal4 valde enim est indecorum1  
ubi quod praeter opinionem accidit      
dicere1 ,non putaram1 presertim si res  
praecaveri potuerit4 ,livius1 lib4 #a4  
,dion4 lib4 #b4 ,diodorus ,siculus1 lib4
 #b4  #fij4 ,peragit tranquilla         
potestas4 ,quod violenta                
nequit4--,claudian4  #fia4 ,bellum nec  
timendum nec provocandum4 ,plin4        
,panegyr4 ,trajano4  #fib4 ,lib4 #c4    
poet4 cap4 #ai4  #fic4 ,lib4 #d4 de     
repub4 cap4 #b4  #fid4 ,peucer4 lib4 #a4
 de divinat4  #fie4 ,camden in          

,cheshire4  #fif4 ,iliad4 #f4 lib4      
#fig4 ,vide ,puteani ,comun1 ,goclenium 
de portentosis coenis nostrorum         
temporum4  #fih4 ,mirabile dictu est1   
quantum opsoniorum una domus singulis   
diebus absumat1 sternuntur mensae in    
omnes pene horas calentibus semper      
eduliis4 ,descrip4 ,britan4  #fii4 ,lib4
 #a4 de rep4 ,gallorum2 quod tot lites  
et causae forenses1 aliae ferantur ex   
aliis1 in immensum producantur1 et      
magnos sumptus requirant unde fit ut    
juris administri plerumque nobilium     
possessiones adquirant1 tum quod        
sumptuose vivant1 et a mercatoribus     
absorbentur et splendissime vestiantur1 
c4  #gjj4 ,ter4  #gja4 ,amphit4 ,plant4 
#gjb4 ,paling4 ,filius ut fur4  #gjc4   
,catus cum mure1 duo galli simul in     
aede1 ,et glotes binae nunquam vivunt   
sine lite4  #gjd4 ,res angusta domi4    
#gje4 ,when pride and beggary meet in a 
family1 they roar and howl1 and cause as
 many flashes of discontents1 as fire   
and water1 when they concur1 make       

thunder-claps in the skies4  #gjf4      
,plautus ,aulular4  #gjg4 ,lib4 #g4 cap4
 #f4  #gjh4 ,pellitur in bellis         
sapientia1 vigeritur res4 ,vetus        
proverbium1 aut regem aut fatuum nasci  
oportere4  #gji4 ,lib4 #a4 hist4 ,rom4  
similes a4 bacculorum calculis1 secundum
 computantis arbitrium1 modo aerei sunt1
 modo aurei2 ad nutum regis nunc beati  
sunt nunc miseri4  #gaj4 ,aerumnosique  
,solones in ,sa4 #c4 ,de miser4         
curialium4  #gaa4 ,f4 ,dousae ,epid4    
lib4 #a4 c4 #ac4  #gab4 ,hoc cognomento 
cohonestati ,romae1 qui caeteros        
mortales sapientia praestarent1 testis  
,plin4 lib4 #g4 cap4 #cd4  #gac4        
,insanire parant certa ratione modoque1 
mad by the book they1  c4  #gad4        
,juvenal4 ,o ,physicians6 open the      
middle vein4  #gae4 ,solomon4  #gaf4    
,communis irrisor stultitiae4  #gag4    
,wit whither wilt8  #gah4 ,scaliger     
exercitat4 #cbd4  #gai4 ,vit4 ejus4     
#gbj4 ,ennius4  #gba4 ,lucian4 ,ter     
mille drachmis olim empta2 studens inde 

sapientiam adipiscetur4  #gbb4 ,epist4  
#ba4 #a4 lib4 ,non oportet orationem    
sapientis esse politam aut solicitam4   
#gbc4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #ac4 multo anhelitu
 jactatione furentes pectus1 frontem    
caedentes1 c4  #gbd4 ,lipsius1 voces    
sunt1 praeterea nihil4  #gbe4 ,lib4 #cj4
 plus mail facere videtur qui oratione  
quam qui praetio quemvis corrumpit3 nam1
 c4  #gbf4 ,in ,gorg4 ,platonis4  #gbg4 
,in naugerio4  #gbh4 ,si furor sit      
,lyaeus1 c4 quoties furit1 furit1 furit1
 amans1 bibens1 et ,poeta1 c4  #gbi4    
,they are borne in the bark of folly1   
and dwell in the grove of madness4      
#gcj4 ,morus ,utop4 lib4 #aa4  #gca4    
,macrob4 ,satur4 #g4 #af4  #gcb4 ,epist4
 #af4  #gcc4 ,lib4 de causis corrup4    
artium4  #gcd4 ,lib4 #b4 in ,ausonium1  
cap4 #ai et #cb4  #gce4 ,edit4 #g4      
volum4 ,jano ,gutero4  #gcf4            
,aristophanis ,ranis4  #gcg4 ,lib4 de   
beneficiis4  #gch4 ,delirus et amens    
dicatur merit4 ,hor4 ,seneca4  #gci4    
,ovid4 ,met4 ,majesty and ,love do not  

agree well1 nor dwell together4  #gdj4  
,plutarch4 ,amatorio est amor insanus4  
#gda4 ,epist4 #ci4  #gdb4 ,sylvae       
nuptialis1 l4 #a4 num4 #aa4 ,omnes      
mulieres ut plurimum stultae4  #gdc4    
,aristotle4  #gdd4 ,dolere se dixit quod
 tum vita egrederetur4  #gde4 ,lib4 #a4 
num4 #aa4 sapientia et divitiae vix     
simul possideri possunt4  #gdf4 ,they   
get their wisdom by eating piecrust     
some4  #gdg4     4 ,opes quidem         
mortalibus sunt amentia4 ,theognis4     
#gdh4 ,fortuna nimium quem fovet1       
stultum facit4  #gdi4 ,joh4 #bh4  #gej4 
,mag4 moral4 lib4 #b et lib4 #a4 sat4   
#d4  #gea4 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 sat4 #d4      
#geb4 ,insana gula1 insanae             
obstructiones1 insanum venandi studium  
discordia demens4 ,virg4 ,aen4  #gec4   
,heliodorus ,carthaginensis ad extremum 
orbis sarcophago testamento me hic jussi
 condier1 et ut viderem an quis insanior
 ad me visendum usque ad haec loca      
penetraret4 ,ortelius in ,gad4  #ged4   
,if it be his work1 which ,gasper       

,veretus suspects4  #gee4 ,livy1        
,ingentes virtutes ingentia vitia4      
#gef4 ,hor4 ,quisquis ambitione mala aut
 argenti pallet amore1 ,quisquis        
luxuria1 tristique superstitione4 ,per4 
#geg4 ,cronica ,slavonica ad annum      
#abeg4 de cujus pecunia jam incredibilia
 dixerunt4  #geh4 ,a fool and his money 
are soon parted4  #gei4 ,orat4 de imag4 
ambitiosus et audax naviget ,anticyras4 
#gfj4 ,navis stulta1 quae continuo      
movetur nautae stulti qui se periculis  
exponunt1 aqua insana quae sic fremit1  
c4 aer jactatur1 c4 qui mari se         
committit stolidum unum terra fugiens1  
#dj4 mari invenit4 ,gaspar ,ens4 ,moros4
  #gfa4 ,cap4 de alien4 mentis4  #gfb4  
,dipnosophist4 lib4 #h4  #gfc4          
,tibicines mente ,capti4 ,erasm4 ,chi4  
#ad4 cer4 #g4  #gfd4 ,prov4 #cj4 ,insana
 libido1 ,hic rogo non furor est1 non   
est haec mentula demens4 ,mart4 ep4 #gd4
 l4 #c4  #gfe4 ,mille puellarum et      
puerorum mille jurores4  #gff4 ,uter est
 insanior horum4 ,hor4 ,ovid4 ,virg4    

,plin4  #gfg4 ,plin4 lib4 #cf4  #gfh4   
,tacitus #c4 ,annal4  #gfi4 ,ovid4 #g4  
met4 ,e4 fungis nati homines ut olim    
,corinthi primaevi illius loci accolae1 
quia stolidi et fatui fungis nati       
dicebantur1 idem et alibi dicas4  #ggj4 
,famian4 ,strade de bajulis1 de marmore 
semisculpti4  #gga4 ,arianus periplo    
maris ,euxini portus ejus meminit1 et   
,gillius1 l4 #c4 de ,bospher4 ,thracio  
et laurus insana quae allata in         
convivium convivas omnes insania        
affecit4 ,guliel4 ,stucchius comment1 c4
  #ggb4 ,lepidum poema sic inscriptum4  
#ggc4 ,no one is wise at all hours1--no 
one born without faults1--no one free   
from crime1--no one content with his    
lot1--no one in love wise1--no good1 or 
wise man perfectly happy4  #ggd4        
,stultitiam simulare non potes nisi     
taciturnitate4  #gge4 ,extortus non     
cruciatur1 ambustus non laeditur1       
prostratus in lucta1 non vincitur2 non  
fit captivus ab hoste venundatus4 ,et si
 rugosus1 senex edentulus1 luscus1      

deformis1 formosus tamen1 et deo        
similis1 felix1 dives1 rex nullius      
egens1 et si denario non sit dignus4    
#ggf4 ,illum contendunt non injuria     
affici1 non insania1 non inebriari1 quia
 virtus non eripitur ob constantes      
comprehensiones4 ,lips4 phys4 ,stoic1   
lib4 #c4 diffi4 #ah4  #ggg4 ,tarreus    
,hebus epig4 #ajb4 l4 #h4  #ggh4 ,hor4  
#ggi4 ,fratres sanct4 ,roseae crucis4   
#ghj4 ,an sint1 quales sint1 unde nomen 
illud asciverint4  #gha4 ,turri ,babel4 
#ghb4 ,omnium artium et scientiarum     
instaurator4  #ghc4 ,divinus ille vir   
auctor notarum4 in epist4 ,rog4 ,bacon4 
ed4 ,hambur4 #afjh4  #ghd4 ,sapientiae  
desponsati4  #ghe4 ,from the ,rising    
,sun to the ,maeotid ,lake1 there was   
not one that could fairly be put in     
comparison with them4  #ghf4 ,solus hic 
est sapiens alii volitant velut umbrae4 
#ghg4 ,in ep4 ad ,balthas4 ,moretum4    
#ghh4 ,rejectiunculae ad ,patavum4      
,felinus cum reliquis4  #ghi4 ,magnum   
virum sequi est sapere1 some think2     

others desipere4 ,catul4  #gij4 ,plant4 
,menec4  #gia4 ,in ,sat4 #ad4  #gib4 ,or
 to send for a cook to the ,anticyrae to
 make ,hellebore pottage1 settle-brain  
pottage4  #gic4 ,aliquantulum tamen inde
 me solabor1 quod una cum multis et     
sapientibus et celeberrimis viris ipse  
insipiens sim1 quod se ,menippus        
,luciani in ,necyomantia4  #gid4        
,petronius in ,catalect4  #gie4 ,that ,i
 mean of ,andr4 ,vale4 ,apolog4 ,manip4 
l4 #a et #bf4 ,apol4  #gif4 ,haec       
affectio nostris temporibus             
frequentissima4  #gig4 ,cap4 #ae4 de    
,mel4  #gih4 ,de anima4 ,nostro hoc     
saeculo morbus frequentissimus4  #gii4  
,consult4 #ih4 adeo nostris temporibus  
frequenter ingruit ut nullus fere ab    
ejus labe immunis reperiatur et omnium  
fere morborum occasio existat4  #hjj4   
,mor4 ,encom si quis calumnietur levius 
esse quam decet ,theologum1 aut         
mordacius quam deceat ,christianum4     
#hja4 ,hor4 ,sat4 #d4 l4 #a4  #hjb4     
,epi4 ad ,dorpium de ,moria4 si quispiam

 offendatur et sibi vindicet1 non habet 
quod expostulet cum eo scripsit1 ipse si
 volet1 secum agat injuriam1 utpote sui 
proditor1 qui declaravit hoc ad se      
proprie pertinere4  #hjc4 ,si quis se   
laesum clamabit1 aut conscientiam prodit
 suam1 aut certe metum1 ,phaedr4 lib4   
#c4 ,aesop4 ,fab4  #hjd4 ,if any one    
shall err through his own suspicion1 and
 shall apply to himself what is common  
to all1 he will foolishly betray a      
consciousness of guilt4  #hje4 ,hor4    
#hjf4 ,mart4 l4 #g4 #bb4  #hjg4 ,ut     
lubet feriat1 abstergant hos ictus      
,democriti pharmacos4  #hjh4 ,rusticorum
 dea preesse vacantibus et otiosis      
putabatur1 cui post labores agricola    
sacrificabat4 ,plin4 l4 #c4 c4 #ab4     
,ovid4 l4 #f4 ,fast4 ,jam quoque cum    
fiunt antiquae sacra ,vacunae1 ante     
,vacunales stantque sedentque focos4    
,rosinus4  #hji4 ,ter4 prol4 ,eunuch4   
#haj4 ,ariost4 l4 #ci4 ,staf4 #eh4      
#haa4 ,ut enim ex studiis gaudium sic   
studia ex hilaritate proveniunt4        

,plinius ,maximo suo1 ep4 lib4 #h4      
#hab4 ,annal4 #ae4  #hac4 ,sir ,francis 
,bacon in his ,essays1 now ,viscount    
,st4 ,albans4  #had4 ,quod ,probus      
,persii  virginali verecundia ,persium  
fuisse dicit1 ego1 c4  #hae4 ,quas aut  
incuria fudit1 aut humana parum cavit   
natura4 ,hor4  #haf4 ,prol4 quer4       
,plaut4 ,let not any one take these     
things to himself1 they are all but     
fictions4  #hag4 ,si me commorit1 melius
 non tangere clamo4 ,hor4  #hah4        
,hippoc4 epist4 ,damageto1 accercitus   
sum ut ,democritum tanquam insanum      
curarem1 sed postquam conveni1 non per  
,jovem desipientiae negotium1 sed rerum 
omnium receptaculum deprehendi1 ejusque 
ingenium demiratus sum4 ,abderitanos    
vero tanquam non sanos accusavi1 veratri
 potione ipsos potius eguisse dicens4   
#hai4 ,mart4  #hbj4 ,magnum miraculum4  
#hba4 ,mundi epitome1 naturae deliciae4 
#hbb4 ,finis rerum omnium1 cui          
sublunaria serviunt4 ,scalig4 exercit4  
#cfe4 sec4 #c4 ,vales4 de sacr4 ,phil4  

c4 #e4  #hbc4 ,ut in numismate ,caesaris
 imago1 sic in homine ,dei4  #hbd4 ,gen4
 #a4  #hbe4 ,imago mundi in corpore1    
,dei in anima4 ,exemplumque dei quisque 
est in imagine parva4  #hbf4 ,eph4 iv4  
#bd4  #hbg4 ,palan terius4  #hbh4 ,psal4
 xlix4 #bj4  #hbi4 ,lascivia superat    
equum1 impudentia canem1 astu vulpem1   
furore leonem4 ,chrys4 #bc4 ,gen4  #hcj4
 ,gen4 iii4 #ac4  #hca4 ,ecclus4 iv4 #a1
 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #h4  #hcb4 ,gen4 iii4  
#ag4  #hcc4 ,illa cadens tegmen manibus 
decussit1 et una perniciem immisit      
miseris mortalibus atram4 ,hesiod4 #a4  
oper4  #hcd4 ,hom4 #e4 ad pop4 ,antioch4
  #hce4 ,psal4 cvii4 #ag4  #hcf4 ,pro4  
i4 #bg4  #hcg4 ,quod autem crebrius     
bella concutiant1 quod sterilitas et    
fames solicitudinem cumulent1 quod      
saevientibus morbis valitudo frangitur1 
quod humanum genus luis populatione     
vastatur2 ob peccatum omnia4 ,cypr4     
#hch4 ,si raro desuper pluvia descendat1
 si terra situ pulveris squalleat1 si   
vix jejunas et pallidas heibas sterilis 

gleba producat1 si turbo vineam         
debilitet1 c4 ,cypr4  #hci4 ,mat4 xiv4  
#c4  #hdj4 ,philostratus1 lib4 #h4 vit4 
,apollonii4 ,injustitiam ejus1 et       
sceleratas nuptias1 et caeteta quae     
praeter rationem fecerat1 morborum      
causas dixit4  #hda4 #af4  #hdb4 #ah4   
#hdc4 #bj4  #hdd4 ,verse #ag4  #hde4    
#bh4 ,deos quos diligit1 castigat4      
#hdf4 ,isa4 v4 #ac4 ,verse #ae4  #hdg4  
,nostrae salutis avidus continenter     
aures vellicat1 ac calamitate subinde   
nos exercet4 ,levinus ,lemn4 l4 #b4 c4  
#bi4 de occult1 nat4 mir4  #hdh4        
,vexatio dat ,intellectum4 ,isa4 xiviii4
 #ai4  #hdi4 ,in sickness the mind      
recollects itself4  #hej4 ,lib4 #g4 ,cum
 judicio1 mores et facta recognoscit et 
se intuetur4 ,dum fero languorem1 fero  
religionis amorem4 ,expers languoris non
 sum memor hujus amoris4  #hea4 ,summum 
esse totius philosophiae1 ut tales esse 
perseveremus1 quales nos futures esse   
infirmi profitemur4  #heb4 ,petrarch4   
#hec4 ,prov4 iii4 #ab4  #hed4 ,hor4     

,epis4 lib4 #a4 #d4  #hee4 ,deut4 viii4 
#aa4 ,qui stat videat ne cadat4  #hef4  
,quanto majoribus beneficiis a ,deo     
cumulatur1 tanto obligatiorem se        
debitorem fateri4  #heg4 ,boterus de    
,inst4 urbium4  #heh4 ,lege hist1       
relationem ,lod4 ,frois de rebus        
,japonicis ad annum #aeif4  #hei4       
,guicciard4 descript4 ,belg4 anno #adba4
  #hfj4 ,giraldus ,cambrens4  #hfa4     
,janus ,dousa1 ep4 lib4 #a4 car4 #aj4   
,and we perceive nothing1 except the    
dead bodies of cities in the open sea4  
#hfb4 ,munster l4 #c4 ,cos4 cap4 #dfb4  
#hfc4 ,buchanan4 ,baptist4  #hfd4 ,homo 
homini lupus1 homo homini daemon4  #hfe4
 ,ovid4 de ,trist4 l4 #e4 ,eleg4  #hff4 
,miscent aconita novercae4  #hfg4 ,lib4 
#b ,epist4 #b4 ad ,donatum4  #hfh4 ,eze4
 xviii4 #b4  #hfi4 ,hor4 l4 #c4 ,od4 #f4
  #hgj4 #b ,tim4 iii4 #b4  #hga4 ,eze4  
xviii4 #ca4 ,thy destruction is from    
thyself4  #hgb4 #ba ,macc4 iii4 #ab4    
#hgc4 ,part4 #a4 ,sec4 #b4 ,memb4 #b4   
#hgd4 ,nequitia est quae te non sinet   

esse senem4  #hge4 ,homer4 ,iliad4      
#hgf4 ,intemperantia1 luxus1 ingluvies1 
et infinita hujusmodi flagitia1 quae    
divinas poenas merentur4 ,crato4  #hgg4 
,fern4 ,path4 l4 #a4 c4 #a4 ,morbus est 
affectus contra1 naturam corpori        
insides4  #hgh4 ,fusch4 ,instit4 l4 #c4 
sect4 #a4 c4 #c4 a quo primum vitiatur  
actio4  #hgi4 ,dissolutio foederis in   
corpore1 ut sanitas est consummatio4    
#hhj4 ,lib4 #d4 cap4 #b4 ,morbus est    
habitus contra naturam1 qui usum ejus1  
c4  #hha4 ,cap4 #aa4 lib4 #g4  #hhb4    
,horat4 lib4 #a4 ode #c4 ,emaciation1   
and a new cohort of fevers broods over  
the earth4  #hhc4 ,cap4 #ej4 lib4 #g4   
,centum et quinque vixit annos sine ullo
 incommodo4  #hhd4 ,intus mulso1 foras  
oleo4  #hhe4 ,exemplis genitur4         
praefixis ,ephemer4 cap4 de infirmitat4 
#hhf4 ,qui1 quoad pueritae ultimam      
memoriam recordari potest non meminit se
 aegrotum decubuisse4  #hhg4 ,lib4 de   
vita longa4  #hhh4 ,oper4 et4 dies4     
#hhi4 ,see ,fernelius ,path4 lib4 #a4   

cap4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 ,fuschius       
,instit4 l4 #c4 sect4 #a4 c4 #g4        
,wecker4 ,synt4  #hij4 ,praefat4 de     
morbis capitis4 ,in capite ut variae    
habitant partes1 ita variae querelae ibi
 eveniunt4  #hia4 ,of which read        
,heurnius1 ,montaltus1 ,hildesheim1     
,quercetan1 ,jason ,pratensis1 c4  #hib4
 ,cap4 #b4 de melanchol4  #hic4 ,cap4   
#b4 de ,phisiologia sagarum3 ,quod alii 
minus recte fortasse dixerint1 nos      
examinare1 melius dijudicare1 corrigere 
studeamus4  #hid4 ,cap4 #d4 de mol4     
#hie4 ,art4 ,med4 #g4  #hif4 ,plerique  
medici uno complexu perstringunt hos    
duos morbos1 quod ex eadem causa        
oriantur1 quodque magnitudine et modo   
solum distent1 et alter gradus ad       
alterum existat4 ,jason ,pratens4  #hig4
 ,lib4 ,med4  #hih4 ,pars maniae mihi   
videtur4  #hii4 ,insanus est1 qui aetate
 debita1 et tempore debito per se1 non  
momentaneam et fugacem1 ut vini1 solani1
 ,hyoscyami1 sed confirmatam habet      
impotentiam bene operandi circa         

intellectum4 lib4 #b4 de intellectione4 
#ijj4 ,of which read ,felix ,plater1    
cap4 #c4 de mentis alienatione4  #ija4  
,lib4 #f4 cap4 #aa4  #ijb4 ,lib4 #c4    
cap4 #af4  #ijc4 ,cap4 #i4 ,art4 med4   
#ijd4 ,de praestig4 ,daemonum1 l4 #c4   
cap4 #ba4  #ije4 ,observat4 lib4 #aj4 de
 morbis cerebri1 cap4 #ae4  #ijf4       
,hippocrates lib4 de insania4  #ijg4    
,lib4 #h4 cap4 #bb4 ,homines interdum   
lupos feri2 et contra4  #ijh4 ,met4 lib4
 #a4  #iji4 ,cap4 de ,man4  #iaj4       
,ulcerata crura1 sitis ipsis adest      
immodica1 pallidi1 lingua sicca4  #iaa4 
,cap4 #i4 art4 ,hydrophobia4  #iab4     
,lib4 #c4 cap4 #i4  #iac4 ,lib4 #g4 de  
,venenis4  #iad4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #ac4 de 
morbis acutis4  #iae4 ,spicel4 #b4      
#iaf4 ,sckenkius1 #g lib4 de ,venenis4  
#iag4 ,lib4 de ,hydrophobia4  #iah4     
,observat4 lib4 #aj4 #be4  #iai4        
,lascivam ,choream4 ,to4 #d4 de morbis  
amentium4 ,tract4 #a4  #ibj4 ,eventu ut 
plurimum rem ipsam comprobante4  #iba4  
,lib4 #a4 cap4 de ,mania4  #ibb4 ,cap4  

#c4 de mentis alienat4  #ibc4 ,cap4 #d4 
de mel4  #ibd4 ,,part4 #c4  #ibe4 ,de   
quo homine securitas1 de quo certum     
gaudium8 quocunque se convertit1 in     
terrenis rebus amaritudinem animi       
inveniet4 ,aug4 in ,psal4 viii4 #e4     
#ibf4 ,job4 i4 #ad4  #ibg4 ,omni tempore
 ,socratem eodem vultu videri1 sive     
domum rediret1 sive domo egrederetur4   
#ibh4 ,lib4 #g4 cap4 #a4 ,natus in      
florentissima totius orbis civitate1    
nobilissimis parentibus1 corpores vires 
habuit et rarissimas animi dotes1 uxorem
 conapicuam1 pudicam1 felices liberos1  
consulare decus1 sequentes triumphos1 c4
  #ibi4 ,aelian4  #icj4 ,homer4 ,iliad4 
#ica4 ,lipsius1 cent4 #c4 ep4 #de1 ut   
coelum1 sic nos homines sumus3 illud ex 
intervallo nubibus obducitur et         
obscuratur4 ,in rosario flores spinis   
intermixti4 ,vita similis aeri1 udum    
modo1 sudum1 tempestas1 serenitas3 ita  
vices rerum sunt1 praemia gaudiis1 et   
sequaces curae4  #icb4 ,lucretius1 l4   
#d4 #aabd4  #icc4 ,prov4 xiv4 #ac4      

,extremum gaudii luctas occupat4  #icd4 
,natalitia inquit celebrantur1 nuptiae  
hic sunt2 at ibi quid celebratur quod   
non dolet1 quod non transit8  #ice4     
,apuleius #d4 florid4 ,nihil quicquid   
homini tam prosperum divinitus datum1   
quin ei admixtum sit aliquid            
difficultatis ut etiam amplissima quaqua
 laetitia1 subsit quaepiam vel parva    
querimonia conjugatione quadam mellis1  
et fellis4  #icf4 ,caduca nimirum et    
fragilia1 et puerilibus consentanea     
crepundiis sunt ista quae vires et opes 
humanae vocantur1 affluunt subito1      
repente delabuntur1 nullo in loco1 nulla
 in persona1 stabilibus nixa radicibus  
consistunt1 sed incertissimo flatu      
fortunae quos in sublime extulerunt     
improviso recursu destitutos in profundo
 miseriarum valle miserabiliter         
immergunt4 ,valerius1 lib4 #f4 cap4 #aa4
  #icg4 ,huic seculo parum aptus es1 aut
 potius omnium nostrorum conditionem    
ignoras1 quibus reciproco quodam nexu1  
c4 ,lorchanus ,gollobelgicus1 lib4 #c4  

ad annum #aeih4  #ich4 ,horsum omnia    
studia dirigi debent1 ut humana fortiter
 feramus4  #ici4 #b ,tim4 ii4 #c4  #idj4
 ,epist4 #if4 lib4 #aj4 ,affectus       
frequentes contemptique morbum faciunt4 
,distillatio una nec adhuc in morem     
adaucta1 tussim facit1 assidua et       
violenta pthisim4  #ida4 ,calidum ad    
octo3 frigidum ad octo4 ,una hirundo non
 facit aestatem4  #idb4 ,lib4 #a4 c4 #f4
  #idc4 ,fuschius1 l4 #c4 sec4 #a4 cap4 
#g4 ,hildesheim1 fol4 #acj4  #idd4      
,psal4 xxxix4 #ac4  #ide4 ,de ,anima4   
,turpe enim est homini ignorare sui     
corporis 7ut ita dicam7 aedificium1     
praesertim cum ad valetudinem et mores  
haec cognitio plurimum conducat4  #idf4 
,de usu part4  #idg4 ,history of man4   
#idh4 ,d4 ,crooke4  #idi4 ,in ,syntaxi4 
#iej4 ,de ,anima4  #iea4 ,istit4 lib4   
#a4  #ieb4 ,physiol4 l4 #a1 #b4  #iec4  
,anat4 l4 #a4 c4 #ah4  #ied4 ,in ,micro4
 succos1 sine quibus animal sustentari  
non potest4  #iee4 ,morbosos humores4   
#ief4 ,spiritalis anima4  #ieg4         

,laurentius1 cap4 #bj1 lib4 #a4 ,anat4  
#ieh4 ,in these they observe the beating
 of the pulse4  #iei4 ,cujus est pars   
simularis a vi cutifica ut interiora    
muniat4 ,capivac4 ,anat4 pag4 #beb4     
#ifj4 ,anat4 lib4 #a4 c4 #ai4 ,celebris 
est pervulgata partium divisio principes
 et ignobiles partes4  #ifa4 ,d4 ,crooke
 out of ,galen and others4  #ifb4 ,vos  
vero veluti in templum ac sacrarium     
quoddam vos duci putetis1 c4 ,suavis et 
utilis cognitio4  #ifc4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4  
#ab4 sect4 #e4  #ifd4 ,haec res est     
praecipue digna admiratione1 quod tanta 
affectuum varietate cietur cor1 quod    
omnes retristes et laetae statim corda  
feriunt et movent4  #ife4 ,physio4 l4   
#a4 c4 #h4  #iff4 ,ut orator regi3 sic  
pulmo vocis instrumentum annectitur     
cordi1 c4 ,melancth4  #ifg4 ,de anim4 c4
 #a4  #ifh4 ,scalig4 exerc4 #cjg4       
,tolet4 in lib4 de anima4 cap4 #a4 c4   
#ifi4 l4 ,de anima4 cap4 #a4  #igj4     
,tuscul4 quaest4  #iga4 ,lib4 #f4 ,doct4
 ,va4 ,gentil4 c4 #ac4 pag4 #abaf4      

#igb4 ,aristot4  #igc4 ,anima quaeque   
intelligimus1 et tamen quae sit ipsa    
intelligere non valemus4  #igd4         
,spiritualem animam a reliquis          
distinctam tuetur1 etiam in cadavere    
inhaerentem post mortem per aliquot     
menses4  #ige4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #ca4      
#igf4 ,coelius1 lib4 #b4 c4 #ca4        
,plutarch1 in ,grillo ,lips4 ,cen4 #a4  
ep4 #ej4 ,jossius de ,risu et ,fletu1   
,averroes1 ,campanella1 c4  #igg4       
,phillip4 de ,anima4 ca4 #a4 ,coelius1  
#bj4 antiq4 cap4 #c4 ,plutarch4 de      
placit4 philos4  #igh4 ,de vit4 et mort4
 part4 #b4 c4 #c1 prop4 l4 de vit4 et   
mort4 #b4 c4 #bb4  #igi4 ,nutritio est  
alimenti transmutatio1 viro naturalis4  
,scal4 exerc4 #aja1 sec4 #ag4  #ihj4    
,see more of ,attraction in ,scal4 exer4
 #cdc4  #iha4 ,vita consistit in calido 
et humido4  #ihb4 ,too bright an object 
destroys the organ4  #ihc4 ,lumen est   
actus perspicui4 ,lumen a luce provenit1
 lux est in corpore lucido4  #ihd4 ,in  
,phaedon4 7,notes #ihd-iig appear in the

 order #ihf1 #ihd1 #ihg1 #ihe in the    
original--,,kth47  #ihe4 ,de pract4     
,philos4 #d4  #ihf4 ,satur4 #g4 c4 #ad4 
#ihg4 ,lac4 cap4 #h4 de opif4 ,dei1 ,i4 
#ihh4 ,lib4 #ai4 cap4 #b4  #ihi4 ,phis4 
l4 #e4 c4 #h4  #iij4 ,exercit4 #bhj4    
#iia4 ,t4 ,w4 ,jesuite1 in his ,passions
 of the ,minde4  #iib4 ,velcurio4  #iic4
 ,nervi a spiritu moventur1 spritus ab  
anima4 ,melanct4  #iid4 ,velcurio4      
,jucundum et anceps subjectum4  #iie4   
,goclenius in 4 pag4 #cjb4 ,bright in   
,phys4 ,scrib4 l4 #a4 ,david ,crusius1  
,melancthon1 ,hippius ,hernius1 ,levinus
 ,lemnius1 c4  #iif4 ,lib4 an mores     
sequantur1 c4  #iig4 ,caesar4 #f4 com4  
#iih4 ,read ,aeneas ,gazeus dial4 of the
 immortality of the ,soul4  #iii4 ,ovid4
 ,met4 #ae4 ,we1 who may take up our    
abode in wild beasts1 or be lodged in   
the breasts of cattle4  #ajjj4 ,in      
,gallo4 ,idem4  #ajja4 ,nicephorus1     
hist4 lib4 #aj4 c4 #ce4  #ajjb4 ,phaedo4
  #ajjc4 ,claudian1 lib4 #a4 de rap4    
,proserp4  #ajjd4 ,besides1 we observe  

that the mind is born with the body1    
grows with it1 and decays with it4      
#ajje4 ,haec quaestio multos per annos  
varie1 ac mirabiliter impugnata1 c4     
#ajjf4 ,colerus1 ibid4  #ajjg4 ,de      
eccles4 dog4 cap4 #af4  #ajjh4 ,ovid4   
#d4 ,met4 ,the bloodless shades without 
either body or bones wanter4  #ajji4    
,bonorum lares1 malorum vero larvas et  
lemures4  #ajaj4 ,some say at three     
days1 some six weeks1 others otherwise4 
#ajaa4 ,melancthon4  #ajab4 ,nihil in   
intellectu1 quod non prius fuerat in    
sensu4 ,velcurio4  #ajac4 ,the pure part
 of the conscience4  #ajad4 ,quod tibi  
fieri non vis1 alteri ne feceris4       
#ajae4 ,res ab intellectu monstratas    
recipit1 vel rejicit2 approbat1 vel     
improbat1 ,philip4 ,ignoti nulla cupido4
  #ajaf4 ,melancthon4 ,operationes      
plerumque ferae1 etsi libera sit illa in
 essentia sua4  #ajag4 ,in civilibus    
libera1 sed non in spiritualibus        
,osiander4  #ajah4 ,tota voluntas aversa
 a ,deo4 ,omnis homo mendax4  #ajai4    

,virg4 ,we are neither able to contend  
against them1 nor only to make way4     
#ajbj4 ,vel propter ignorantium1 quod   
bonis studiis non sit instructa mens ut 
debuit1 aut divinis praeceptis exculta4 
#ajba4 ,med4 ,ovid4  #ajbb4 ,ovid4      
#ajbc4 ,seneca1 ,hipp4  #ajbd4          
,melancholicos vocamus1 quos exuperantia
 vel pravitas ,melancholiae ita male    
habet1 ut inde insaniant vel in omnibus1
 vel in pluribus iisque manifestis sive 
ad rectam rationem1 voluntate pertinent1
 vel electionem1 vel intellectus        
operationes4  #ajbe4 ,pessimum et       
pertinacissimum morbum qui homines in   
bruta degenerare cogit4  #ajbf4 ,panth4 
,med4  #ajbg4 ,angor animi in una       
contentione defixus1 absque febre4      
#ajbh4 ,cap4 #af4 l4 #a4  #ajbi4 ,eorum 
definitio morbus quid non sit potius    
quam quid sit1 explicat4  #ajcj4 ,animae
 functiones imminuuntur in fatuitate1   
tolluntur in mania1 depravantur solum in
 melancholia4 ,herc4 de ,sax4 cap4 #a4  
tract4 de ,melanch4  #ajca4 ,cap4 #d4 de

 mel4  #ajcb4 ,per consensum sive per   
essentiam4  #ajcc4 ,cap4 #d4 de mel4    
#ajcd4 ,sec4 #g4 de mor4 vulgar4 lib4   
#f4  #ajce4 ,spicel4 de melancholia4    
#ajcf4 ,cap4 #c4 de mel4 ,pars affecta  
cerebrum sive per consensum1 sive per   
cerebrum contingat1 et procerum         
auctoritate et ratione stabilitur4      
#ajcg4 ,lib4 de mel4 ,cor vero          
vicinitatis ratione una afficitur1      
acceptum transversum ac stomachus cum   
dorsali spina1 c4  #ajch4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4
 #aj4 ,subjectum est cerebrum interius4 
#ajci4 ,raro quisquam tumorem effugit   
lienis1 qui hoc morbo afficitur1 ,piso4 
,quis affectus4  #ajdj4 ,see ,donat4 ab 
,altomar4  #ajda4 ,facultas imaginandi1 
non cogitandi1 nec memorandi laesa hic4 
#ajdb4 ,lib4 #c4 ,fen4 #a4 ,tract4 #d4  
cap4 #h4  #ajdc4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #e4     
#ajdd4 ,lib4 ,med4 cap4 #ai4 part4 #b4  
,tract4 #ae4 cap4 #b4  #ajde4           
,hildesheim1 spicel4 #b de ,melanc4 fol4
 #bjg1 et fol4 #abg4 ,quandoque etiam   
rationalis si affectus inveteratus sit4 

#ajdf4 ,lib4 posthumo de ,melanc4 edit4 
#afbj4 ,deprivatur fides1 discursus1    
opinio1 c4 per vitium ,imaginationes1 ex
 ,accidenti4  #ajdg4 ,qui parvum caput  
habent1 insensati plerique sunt4 ,arist4
 in physiognomia4  #ajdh4 ,areteus1 lib4
 #c4 cap4 #e4  #ajdi4 ,qui prope statum 
sunt4 ,aret4 ,mediis convenit aetatibus1
 ,piso4  #ajej4 ,de quartano4  #ajea4   
,lib4 #a4 part4 #b4 cap4 #aa4  #ajeb4   
,primus ad ,melancholiam non tam moestus
 sed et hilares1 jocosi1 cachinnantes1  
irrisores1 et1 qui plerumque praerubri  
sunt4  #ajec4 ,qui sunt subtilis        
ingenii1 et multae perspicacitatis de   
facili incidunt in ,melancholiam1 lib4  
#a4 cont4 tract4 #i4  #ajed4 ,nunquam   
sanitate mentis excidit aut dolore      
capitur4 ,erasm4  #ajee4 ,in laud4      
calvit4  #ajef4 ,vacant conscientiae    
carnificina1 nec pudefiunt1 nec         
verentur1 nec dilacerantur millibus     
curarum1 quibus tota vita obnoxia est4  
#ajeg4 ,lib4 #a4 tract4 #c4 contradic4  
#ah4  #ajeh4 ,lib4 #a4 cont4 #ba4       

#ajei4 ,bright1 ca4 #af4  #ajfj4 ,lib4  
#a4 cap4 #f4 de sanit4 tuenda4  #ajfa4  
,quisve aut qualis sit humor aut quae   
istius differentiae1 et quomodo         
gignantur in corpore1 scrutandum1 hac   
enim re multi veterum laboraverunt1 nec 
facile accipere ex ,galeno sententiam ob
 loquendi varietatem4 ,leon4 ,jacch4    
com4 in #i4 ,rhasis1 cap4 #ae4 cap4 #af4
 in #i4 ,rhasis4  #ajfb4 ,lib4 postum4  
de ,melan4 edit4 ,venetiis1 #afbj4 cap4 
#g et #h4 ,ab intemperie calida1 humida1
 c4  #ajfc4 ,secundum magis aut minus si
 in corpore fuerit1 ad intemperiem      
plusquam corpus salubriter ferre        
poterit3 inde corpus morbosum effitur4  
#ajfd4 ,lib4 #a4 controvers4 cap4 #ba4  
#ajfe4 ,lib4 #a4 sect4 #d1 cap4 #d4     
#ajff4 ,concil4 #bf4  #ajfg4 ,lib4 #b4  
contradic4 cap4 #aa4  #ajfh4 ,de feb4   
tract4 diff4 #b4 cap4 #a4 ,non est      
negandum ex hac fieri ,melancholicos4   
#ajfi4 ,in ,syntax4  #ajgj4 ,varie      
aduritur1 et miscetur1 unde variae      
amentium species1 ,melanct4  #ajga4     

,humor frigidus delirii causa1 furoris  
calidus1 c4  #ajgb4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #aj4 
de affect4 cap4  #ajgc4 ,nigrescit hic  
humor1 aliquando supercalefactus1       
aliquando super frigefactus1 ca4 #g4    
#ajgd4 ,humor hic niger aliquando       
praeter modum calefactus1 et alias      
refrigeratus evadit3 nam recentibus     
carbonibus ei quid simile accidit1 qui  
durante flamma pellucidissime candent1  
ea extincta prorsus nigrescunt4         
,hippocrates4  #ajge4 ,guianerius1 diff4
 #b4 cap4 #g4  #ajgf4 ,non est mania1   
nisi extensa melancholia4  #ajgg4 ,cap4 
#f4 lib4 #a4  #ajgh4 #b ,ser4 #b4 cap4  
#i4 ,morbus hic est omnifarius4  #ajgi4 
,species indefinitae sunt4  #ajhj4 ,si  
aduratur naturalis melancholia1 alia fit
 species1 si sanguis1 alia1 si          
flavibilis alia1 diversa a primis3      
maxima est inter has differentia1 et tot
 ,doctorum sententiae1 quot ipsi numero 
sunt4  #ajha4 ,tract4 de mel4 cap4 #g4  
#ajhb4 ,quaedam incipiens quaedam       
consummata4  #ajhc4 ,cap4 de humor4 lib4

 de anima4 ,varie aduritur et miscetur  
ipsa melancholia1 unde variae amentium  
species4  #ajhd4 ,cap4 #af4 in4 #i4     
,rasis4  #ajhe4 ,laurentius1 cap4 #d4 de
 mel4  #ajhf4 ,cap4 #ac4  #ajhg4 #dhj4  
et #aaf4 consult4 consil4 #ab4  #ajhh4  
,hildesheim4 spicil4 #b4 fol4 #aff4     
#ajhi4 ,trincavellius1 tom4 #b4 consil4 
#ae et #af4  #ajij4 ,cap4 #ac1 tract4   
posth4 de melan4  #ajia4 ,guarion4 cons4
 med4 #b4  #ajib4 ,laboravit per        
essentiam et a toto corpore4  #ajic4    
,machiavel1 c4 ,smithus de rep4 ,angl4  
cap4 #h4 lib4 #a4 ,buscoldus1 discur4   
polit4 discurs4 #e4 cap4 #g4 ,arist4 l4 
#c4 polit4 cap4 ult4 ,keckerm4 alii1 c4 
#ajid4 ,lib4 #f4  #ajie4 ,primo artis   
curitivae4  #ajif4 ,nostri primum sit   
propositi affectionum causas indagare2  
res ipsa hortari videtur1 nam alioqui   
earum curatio1 manca et inutilis esset4 
#ajig4 ,path4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #aa4 ,rerum 
cognoscere causas1 medicis imprimis     
necessarium1 sine qua nec morbum curare1
 nec praecavere licet4  #ajih4 ,tanta   

enim morbi varietas ac differentia ut   
non facile dignoscatur1 unde initium    
morbus sumpserit4 ,melanelius e ,galeno4
  #ajii4 ,felix qui potuit rerum        
cognoscere causas4  #aajj4 #a ,sam4 xvi4
 #ad4  #aaja4 ,dan4 v4 #ba4  #aajb4     
,lactant4 instit4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #h4     
#aajc4 ,mente captus1 et summo animi    
moerore consumptus4  #aajd4 ,munster    
cosmog4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #dc4 ,de coelo    
substernebantur1 tanquam insani de saxis
 praecipitati1 c4  #aaje4 ,livius lib4  
#ch4  #aajf4 ,gaguin4 l4 #c4 c4 #d4     
,quod ,dionysii corpus discooperuerat1  
in insanam incidit4  #aajg4 ,idem lib4  
#i4 sub4 ,carol4 #f4 ,sacrorum          
contemptor1 templi foribus effractis1   
dum ,d4 ,johannis argenteum simulacrum  
rapere contendit1 simulacrum aversa     
facie dorsum ei versat1 nec mora        
sacrilegus mentis inops1 atque in semet 
insaniens in proprios artus desaevit4   
#aajh4 ,giraldus ,cambrensis1 lib #a4 c4
 #a4 ,itinerar4 ,cambriae4  #aaji4      
,delrio1 tom4 #c4 lib4 #f4 sect4 #c4    

quaest4 #c4  #aaaj4 ,psal4 xlvi4 #a4    
#aaaa4 ,lib4 #h4 cap4 de ,hierar4       
#aaab4 ,claudian4  #aaac4 ,de ,babila   
,martyre4  #aaad4 ,lib4 cap4 #e4 prog4  
#aaae4 ,lib4 #a4 de ,abditis rerum      
causis4  #aaaf4 ,respons4 med4 #ab4     
resp4  #aaag4 #a ,pet4 v4 #f4  #aaah4   
,lib4 #a4 c4 #g4 de orbis concordia4 ,in
 nulla re major fuit altercatio1 major  
obscuritas1 minor opinionum concordia1  
quam de daemonibus et substantiis       
separatis4  #aaai4 ,lib4 #c4 de ,trinit4
 cap4 #a4  #aabj4 ,pererius in ,genesin4
 lib4 #d4 in cap4 #c4 v4 #bc4  #aaba4   
,see ,strozzius ,cicogna omnifariae4    
,mag4 lib4 #b4 c4 #ae4 ,jo4 ,aubanus1   
,bredenbachius4  #aabb4 ,angelus per    
superbiam separatus a ,deo1 qui in      
veritate non stetit4 ,austin4  #aabc4   
,nihil aliud sunt ,daemones quam nudae  
animae quae corpore deposito priorem    
miserati vitam1 cognatis succurrunt     
commoti misericordia1 c4  #aabd4 ,de    
,deo ,socratis4 ,all those mortals are  
called ,gods1 who1 the course of life   

being prudently guided and governed1 are
 honoured by men with temples and       
sacrifices1 as ,osiris in ,aegypt1 c4   
#aabe4 ,he lived #ejj years since4      
#aabf4 ,apuleius3 spiritus animalia sunt
 animo passibilia1 mente rationalia1    
corpore aeria1 tempore sempiterna4      
#aabg4 ,nutriuntur1 et excrementa       
habent1 quod pulsata doleant solido     
percussa corpore4  #aabh4 ,whatever     
occupies space is corporeal3--spirit    
occupies space1 therefore1 c4 c4  #aabi4
 #d lib4 #d4 ,theol4 nat4 fol4 #ece4    
#aacj4 ,which has no roughness1 angles1 
fractures1 prominences1 but is the most 
perfect amongst perfect bodies4  #aaca4 
,cyprianus in ,epist4 montes etiam et   
animalia transferri possunt3 as the     
devil did ,christ to the top of the     
pinnacle2 and witches are often         
translated4 ,see more in ,strozzius     
,cicogna1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #d4 omnif4 mag4 
,per aera subducere et in sublime       
corpora ferre possunt1 ,biarmanus4      
,percussi dolent et uruntur in          

conspicuos cineres4 ,agrippa1 lib4 #c4  
cap4 de occul4 ,philos4  #aacb4         
,agrippa1 de occult4 ,philos4 lib4 #c4  
cap4 #ah4  #aacc4 ,part4 #c4 ,sect4 #b4 
,mem4 #a4 ,subs4 #a4 ,love ,melancholy4 
#aacd4 ,by gazing steadfastly on the sun
 illuminated with his brightest rays4   
#aace4 ,genial4 dierum4 ,ita sibi visum 
et compertum quum prius an essent       
ambigeret ,fidem suam liberet4  #aacf4  
,lib4 #a4 de verit4 ,fidei4 ,benzo1 c4  
#aacg4 ,lib4 de ,divinatione et magia4  
#aach4 ,cap4 #h4 ,transportavit in      
,livoniam cupiditate videndi1 c4  #aaci4
 ,sic ,hesiodus de ,nymphis vivere      
dicit4 #aj4 aetates phaenicum vel4 #i4  
#g4 #bj4  #aadj4 ,custodes hominum et   
provinciarum1 c4 tanto meliores         
hominibus1 quanto hi brutis animantibus4
  #aada4 ,praesides ,pastores1          
,gubernatores hominum1 et illi          
animalium4  #aadb4 ,coveting nothing    
more than the admiration of mankind4    
#aadc4 ,natura familiares ut canes      
hominibus multi aversantur et abhorrent4

  #aadd4 ,ab nomine plus distant quam   
homo ab ignobilissimo verne1 et tamen   
quidam ex his ab hominibus superantur ut
 homines a feris1 c4  #aade4 ,cibo et   
potu uti et venere cum hominibus ac     
tandem mori1 ,cicogna4 l4 part4 lib4 #b4
 c4 #c4  #aadf4 ,plutarch4 de defect4   
oraculorum4  #aadg4 ,lib4 de ,zilphis et
 ,pigmeis4  #aadh4 ,dii gentium a       
,constantio prostigati sunt1 c4  #aadi4 
,octovian4 dial4 ,judaeorum deum fuisse 
,romanorum numinibus una cum gente      
captivum4  #aaej4 ,omnia spiritibus     
plena1 et ex eorum concordia et         
discordia omnes boni et mali effectus   
promanant1 omnia humana reguntur3       
paradoxa veterum de quo ,cicogna4 omnif4
 mag4 l4 #b4 c4 #c4  #aaea4 ,oves quas  
abacturus erat in quascunque formas     
vertebat ,pausanias1 ,hyginus4  #aaeb4  
,austin in l4 #b4 de ,gen4 ad literam   
cap4 #ag4 ,partim quia subtilioris      
sensus acumine1 partim scientia         
calidiore vigent et experientia propter 
magnam longitudinem vitae1 partim ab    

,angelis discunt1 c4  #aaec4 ,lib4 #c4  
omnif4 mag4 cap4 #c4  #aaed4 ,l4 #ah4   
quest4  #aaee4 ,quum tanti sit et tam   
profunda spiritum scientia1 mirum non   
est tot tantasque res visu admirabiles  
ab ipsis patrari1 et quidem rerum       
naturalium ope quas multo melius        
intelligunt1 multoque peritius suis     
locis et temporibus applicare norunt1   
quam homo1 ,cicogna4  #aaef4 ,aventinus1
 quicquid interdiu exhauriebatur1 noctu 
explebatur4 ,inde pavefacti cura tores1 
c4  #aaeg4 ,in lib4 #b4 de ,anima text  
#bi4 ,homerus discriminatim omnes       
spiritus daemones vocat4  #aaeh4 ,a     
,jove ad inferos pulsi1 c4  #aaei4 ,de  
,deo ,socratis adest mihi divina sorte  
,daemonium quoddam a prima pueritia me  
secutum1 saepe dissuadet1 impellit      
nonnunquam instar ovis1 ,plato4  #aafj4 
,agrippa lib4 #c4 de occul4 ph4 c4 #ah4 
,zancb4 ,pictorus1 ,pererius ,cicogna4  
l4 #c4 cap4 #a4  #aafa4 ,vasa irae4 c4  
#ac4  #aafb4 ,quibus datum est nocere   
terrae et mari1 c4  #aafc4 ,physiol4    

,stoicorum e ,senec4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bh4 
#aafd4 ,usque ad lunam animas esse      
aethereas vocarique heroas1 lares1      
genios4  #aafe4 ,mart4 ,capella4  #aaff4
 ,nihil vacuum ab his ubi vel capillum  
in aere vel aqua jaceas4  #aafg4 ,lib4  
de ,zilp4  #aafh4 ,palingenius4  #aafi4 
,lib4 #g4 cap4 #cd et #e4 ,syntax4 art4 
mirab4  #aagj4 ,comment in dial4 ,plat4 
de amore1 cap4 #e4 ,ut sphaera quaelibet
 super nos1 ita praestantiores habent   
habitatores suae sphaerae consortes1 ut 
habet nostra4  #aaga4 ,lib4 de ,amica4  
et daemone med4 inter deos et homines1  
dica ad nos et nostra aequaliter ad deos
 ferunt4  #aagb4 ,saturninas et         
,joviales accolas4  #aagc4 ,in loca     
detrusi sunt infra caelestes orbes in   
aerem scilicet et infra ubi ,judicio    
generali reservantur4  #aagd4 q4 #cf4   
art4 #i4  #aage4 ,virg4 #h4 ,eg4  #aagf4
 ,aen4 #d4  #aagg4 ,austin3 hoc dixi1 ne
 quis existimet habitare ibimala        
daemonia ubi ,solem et ,lunam et        
,stellas ,deus ordinavit1 et alibi nemo 

arbitraretur ,daemonom coelis habitare  
cum ,angelis suis unde lapsum credimus4 
,idem4 ,zanch4 l4 #d4 c4 #c4 de ,angel4 
mails4 ,pererius in ,gen4 cap4 #f4 lib4 
#h4 in ver4 #b4  #aagh4 ,perigram4      
,hierosol4  #aagi4 ,fire worship1 or    
divination by fire4  #aahj4 ,domus      
,diruunt1 muros dejiciunt1 immiscent se 
turbinibus et procellis et pulverem     
instar columnae evehunt4 ,cicogna l4 #e4
 c4 #e4  #aaha4 ,quest4 in ,liv4  #aahb4
 ,de praestigiis daemonum4 c4 #af4      
,convelli culmina videmus1 prosterni    
sata1 c4  #aahc4 ,de bello ,neapolitano1
 lib4 #e4  #aahd4 ,suffitibus gaudent4  
,idem ,just4 ,mart4 ,apol4 pro          
,christianis4  #aahe4 ,in ,dei          
imitationem1 saith ,eusebius4  #aahf4   
,dii gentium ,daemonia1 c4 ego in eorum 
statuas pellexi4  #aahg4 ,et nunc sub   
divorum nomine coluntur a ,pontificiis4 
#aahh4 ,lib4 #aa4 de rerum ver4  #aahi4 
,lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4 ,de magis et         
veneficis1 c4 ,nereides4  #aaij4 ,lib4  
de ,zilphis4  #aaia4 ,lib4 #c4  #aaib4  

,pro salute hominum excubare se         
simulant1 sed in eorum perniciem omnia  
moliuntur4 ,aust4  #aaic4 ,dryades1     
,oriades1 ,hamadryades4  #aaid4 ,elvas  
,olaus voc4 at lib4 #c4  #aaie4 ,part   
#a4 cap4 #ai4  #aaif4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4    
#aa4 ,elvarum choreas ,olaus lib4 #c4   
vocat saltum adeo profunde in terras    
imprimunt1 ut locus insigni deinceps    
virore orbicularis sit1 et gramen non   
pereat4  #aaig4 ,sometimes they seduce  
too simple men into their mountain      
retreats1 where they exhibit wonderful  
sights to their marvelling eyes1 and    
astonish their ears by the sound of     
bells1 c4  #aaih4 ,lib4 de ,zilph4 et   
,pigmaeus ,olaus lib4 #c4  #aaii4 ,lib4 
#g4 cap4 #ad4 ,qui et in famulitio viris
 et feminis inserviunt1 conclavia scopis
 purgant1 patinas mundant1 ligna        
portant1 equos curant1 c4  #abjj4 ,ad   
ministeria utuntur4  #abja4 ,where      
treasure is hid 7as some think7 or some 
murder1 or such like villainy committed4
  #abjb4 ,lib4 #af4 de rerum varietat4  

#abjc4 ,vel spiritus sunt hujusmodi     
damnatorum1 vel e purgatorio1 vel ipsi  
daemones1 c4 #d4  #abjd4 ,quidam lemures
 domesticis instrumentis noctu ludunt3  
patinas1 ollas1 cantharas1 et alia vasa 
dejiciunt1 et quidam voces emittunt1    
ejulant1 risum emittunt1 c4 ut canes    
nigri1 feles1 variis formis1 c4  #abje4 
,epist4 lib4 #g4  #abjf4 ,meridionales  
,daemones ,cicogna calls them1 or       
,alastores1 l4 #c4 cap4 #i4  #abjg4     
,sueton4 c4 #fi4 in ,caligula4  #abjh4  
,strozzius ,cicogna4 lib4 #c4 mag4 cap4 
#e4  #abji4 ,idem4 c4 #ah4  #abaj4 ,m4  
,carew4 ,survey of ,cornwall1 lib4 #b4  
folio #adj4  #abaa4 ,horto ,geniali1    
folio #acg4  #abab4 ,part #a4 c4 #ai4   
,abducunt eos a recta via1 et viam iter 
facientibus intercludunt4  #abac4 ,lib4 
#a4 cap4 #dd4 ,daemonum cernuntur et    
audiuntur ibi frequentes illusiones1    
unde viatoribus cavendum ne ce          
dissocient1 aut a tergo maneant1 voces  
enim fingunt sociorum1 ut a recto       
itinere abducant1 c4  #abad4 ,mons      

sterilis et nivosus1 ubi intempesta     
nocte umbrae apparent4  #abae4 ,lib4 #b4
 cap4 #ba4 ,offendicula faciunt         
transeuntibus in via et petulanter ridet
 cum vel hominem vel jumentum ejus pedes
 atterere faciant1 et maxime si homo    
maledictus et calcaribus saevint4       
#abaf4 ,in ,cosmogr4  #abag4 ,vestiti   
more metallicorum1 gestus et opera eorum
 imitantur4  #abah4 ,immisso in terrae  
carceres vento horribiles terrae motus  
efficiunt1 quibus saepe non domus modo  
et turres1 sed civitates integrae et    
insulae haustae sunt4  #abai4 ,hierom4  
in #c4 ,ephes4 ,idem ,michaelis4 c4 #d4 
de spiritibus4 ,idem ,thyreus de locis  
infestis4  #abbj4 ,lactantius #b4 de    
origins erroris cap4 #ae4 hi maligni    
spiritus per omnem terram vagantur1 et  
solatium perditionis suae perdendis     
hominibus operantur4  #abba4 ,mortalium 
calamitates epulae sunt malorum         
daemonum1 ,synesius4  #abbb4 ,daminus   
mendacii a seipso deceptus1 alios       
decipere cupit1 adversarius humani      

generis1 ,inventor mortis1 superbiae    
institutor1 radix malitiae1 scelerum    
caput1 princeps omnium vitiorum1 fuit   
inde in ,dei contumeliam1 hominum       
perniciem3 de horum conatibus et        
operationibus lege ,epiphanium4 #b4     
,tom4 lib4 #b4 ,dionysium4 c4 #d4       
,ambros4 ,epistol4 lib4 #aj4 ep4 et #hd4
 ,august4 de civ4 ,dei lib4 #e4 c4 #i41 
lib4 #h4 cap4 #bb4 lib4 #i4 #ah4 lib4   
#aj4 #ba4 ,theophil4 in #ab4 ,mat4      
,pasil4 ep4 #ada4 ,leonem ,ser4         
,theodoret4 in #aa4 ,cor4 ep4 #bb4      
,chrys4 hom4 #ec4 in #ab4 ,gen4 ,greg4  
in #a4 c4 ,john4 ,barthol4 de prop4 l4  
#b4 c4 #bj4 ,zanch4 l4 #d4 de malis     
angelis4 ,perer4 in ,gen4 l4 #h4 in c4  
#f4 #b4 ,origen4 saepe praeliis         
intersunt1 itinera et negotia nostra    
quaecumque dirigunt1 clandestinis       
subsidiis optatos saepe praebent        
successus1 ,pet4 ,mar4 in ,sam4 c4      
,ruscam de ,inferno4  #abbc4 ,et velut  
mancipia circumfert ,psellus4  #abbd4   
,lib4 de trans4 mut4 ,malac4 ep4  #abbe4

 ,custodes sunt hominum1 et eorum1 ut   
nos animalium3 tum et provinciis        
praepositi regunt auguriis1 somniis1    
oraculis1 pramiis1 c4  #abbf4 ,lipsius1 
,physiol4 ,stoic1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ai4    
#abbg4 ,leo ,suavis4 idem et ,tritemius4
  #abbh4 ,they seek nothing more        
earnestly than the fear and admiration  
of men4  #abbi4 ,it is scarcely possible
 to describe the impotent ardour with   
which these malignant spirits aspire to 
the honour of being divinely worshipped4
  #abcj4 ,omnif4 mag4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #bc4
  #abca4 ,ludus deorum sumus4  #abcb4   
,lib4 de anima et daemone4  #abcc4      
,quoties sit1 ut ,principes novitium    
aulicum divitiis et dignitatibus pene   
obruant1 et multorum annorum ministrum1 
qui non semel pro hero periculum subiit1
 ne teruntio donent1 c4 ,idem4 ,quod    
,philosophi non remunerentur1 cum scurra
 et ineptus ob insulsum jocum saepe     
praemium reportet1 inde fit1 c4  #abcd4 
,lib de cruelt4 ,cadaver4  #abce4       
,boissardus1 c4 #f magia4  #abcf4       

,godelmanus1 cap4 #c4 lib4 #a de ,magis4
 idem ,zanchius1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #aj et   
#aa4 de malis angelis4  #abcg4 ,nociva  
,melancholia furiosos efficit1 et       
quandoque penitus interficit4 ,g4       
,picolominens ,idemque ,zanch4 cap4 #aj4
 lib4 #d4 si ,deus permittat1 corpora   
nostra movere possunt1 alterare1 quovis 
morborum et malorum genere afficere1 imo
 et in ipsa penetrare et saevire4       
#abch4 ,inducere potest morbos et       
sanitates4  #abci4 ,viscerum actiones   
potest inhibere latenter1 et venenis    
nobis ignotis corpus inficere4  #abdj4  
,irrepentes corporibus occulto morbos   
fingunt1 mentes terrent1 membra         
distorquent4 ,lips4 ,phil4 ,stoic4 l4   
#a4 c4 #ai4  #abda4 ,de rerum ver4 l4   
#af4 c4 #ic4  #abdb4 ,quum mens         
immediate decipi nequit1 premum movit   
phantasiam1 et ita obfirmat vanis       
conceptibus aut ut ne quem facultati    
aestimativae rationi locum relinquat4   
,spiritus malus invadit animam1 turbat  
sensus1 in furorem conjicit4 ,austin4 de

 vit4 ,beat4  #abdc4 ,lib4 #c4 ,fen4 #a4
 ,tract4 #d4 c4 #ah4  #abdd4 ,a ,daemone
 maxime proficisci1 et saepe solo4      
#abde4 ,lib4 de incant4  #abdf4 ,caep4  
de mania lib4 de morbis cerebri2        
,daemones1 quum sint tenues et          
incomprehensibiles spiritus1 se         
insinuare corporibus humanis possunt1 et
 occulte in viscerribus operti1         
valetudinem vitiare1 somniis animas     
terrere et mentes furoribus quatere4    
,insinuant se melancholicorum           
penetralibus1 intus ibique considunt et 
deliciantur tanquam in regione          
clarissimorum siderum1 coguntque animum 
furere4  #abdg4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #f4      
occult4 ,philos4 part #a4 cap4 #a4 de   
spectris4  #abdh4 ,sine cruce et        
sanctificatione sic  daemone obsessa4   
dial4  #abdi4 ,greg4 pag4 c4 #i4  #abej4
 ,penult4 de opific4 ,dei4  #abea4 ,lib4
 #bh4 cap4 #bf4 tom4 #i4  #abeb4 ,de    
,lamiis4  #abec4 ,et quomodo venefici   
fiant enarrat4  #abed4 ,de quo plura    
legas in ,boissardo1 lib4 #a4 de        

praestig4  #abee4 ,rex ,jacobus1        
,daemonol4 l4 #a4 c4 #c4  #abef4 ,an    
university in ,spain in old ,castile4   
#abeg4 ,the chief town in ,poland4      
#abeh4 ,oxford and ,paris1 see finem ,p4
 ,lombardi4  #abei4 ,praefat4 de magis  
et veneficis4  #abfj4 ,rotatum ,pileum  
habebat1 quo ventos violentos cieret1   
aerem turbaret1 et in quam partem1 c4   
#abfa4 ,erastus4  #abfb4 ,ministerio    
hirci nocturni4  #abfc4 ,steriles nuptos
 et inhabiles1 vide ,petrum de ,pallude1
 lib4 #d4 distinct4 #cd4 ,paulum        
,guiclandum4  #abfd4 ,infantes matribus 
suffurantur1 aliis suppositivis in locum
 verorum conjectis4  #abfe4 ,milles4    
#abff4 ,d4 ,luther1 in primum           
praeceptum1 et ,leon4 ,varius1 lib4 #a4 
de ,fascino4  #abfg4 ,lavat4 ,cicog4    
#abfh4 ,boissardus de ,magis4  #abfi4   
,daemon4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4  #abgj4 ,vide
 ,philostratum1 vita ejus2 ,boissardum  
de ,magis4  #abga4 ,nubrigenses lege    
lib4 #a4 c4 #ai4 ,vide ,suidam de       
,paset4 ,de ,cruent4 ,cadaver4  #abgb4  

,erastus4 ,adolphus ,scribanius4  #abgc4
 ,virg4 ,aeneid4 #d4 ,incantatricem     
describens3 ,haec se carminibus         
promittit solvere mentes4 ,quas velit1  
ast aliis duras immittere curas4  #abgd4
 ,godelmanus1 cap4 #g4 lib4 #a4         
,nutricum mammas praesiccant1 solo tactu
 podagram1 ,apoplexiam1 ,paralysin1 et  
alios morbos1 quos medicina curare non  
poterat4  #abge4 ,factus inde ,maniacus1
 spic4 #b4 fol4 #adg4  #abgf4 ,omnia    
philtra etsi inter se differant1 hoc    
habent commune1 quod hominem efficiant  
melancholicum4 epist4 #bca4 ,scholtzii4 
#abgg4 ,de cruent4 ,cadaver4  #abgh4    
,astra regunt homines1 et regit astra   
,deus4  #abgi4 ,chirom4 lib4 ,quaeris a 
me quantum operantur astra8 dico1 in nos
 nihil astra urgere1 sed animos         
praeclives trahere3 qui sic tamen liberi
 sunt1 ut si ducem sequantur rationem1  
nihil efficiant1 sin vero naturam1 id   
agere quod in brutis fere4  #abhj4      
,coelum vehiculum divinae virtutis1     
cujus mediante motu1 lumine et          

influentia1 ,deus6 elementaria corpora  
ordinat et disponit ,th4 de ,vio4       
,cajetanus in ,psa4 #ajd4  #abha4       
,mundus iste quasi lyra ab              
excellentissimo quodam artifice         
concinnata1 quem qui norit mirabiles    
eliciet harmonias4 ,j4 ,dee4 ,aphorismo 
#aa4  #abhb4 ,medicus sine coeli peritia
 nihil est1 c4 nisi genesim sciverit1 ne
 tantillum poterit4 lib4 de podag4      
#abhc4 ,constellatio in causa est2 et   
influentia coeli morbum hunc movet1     
interdum omnibus aliis amotis4 ,et      
alibi4 ,origo ejus a ,coelo petenda est4
 ,tr4 de morbis amentium4  #abhd4 ,lib4 
de anima1 cap4 de humorib4 ,ea varietas 
in ,melancholia1 habet caelestes causas 
et  in    et  in 4  #abhe4 ,ex atra bile
 varii generantur morbi perinde ut ipse 
multum calidi aut frigidi in se         
habuerit1 quum utrique suscipiendo quam 
aptissima sit1 tametsi suapte natura    
frigida sit4 ,annon aqua sic afficitur a
 calore ut ardeat2 et a frigore1 ut in  
glaciem concrescat8 et haec varietas    

distinctionum1 alii flent1 rident1 c4   
#abhf4 ,hanc ad intemperantiam gignendam
 plurimum confert  et  positus1 c4      
#abhg4  ,quoties alicujus genitura in   
et  adverso signo positus1 horoscopum   
partiliter tenueret atque etiam a  vel  
radio percussus fuerit1 natus ab insania
 vexabitur4  #abhh4 ,qui  et  habet1    
alterum in culmine1 alterum imo coelo1  
cum in lucem venerit1 melancholicus     
erit1 a qua sanebitur1 si  illos        
irradiarit4  #abhi4 ,hac configuratione 
natus1 ,aut ,lunaticus1 aut mente       
captus4  #abij4 ,ptolomaeus centiloquio1
 et quadripartito tribuit omnium        
melancholicorum symptoma siderum        
influentis4  #abia4 ,arte ,medica4      
accedunt ad has causas affectiones      
siderum4 ,plurimum incitant et provocant
 influentiae caelestes4 ,velcurio1 lib4 
#d4 cap4 #ae4  #abib4 ,hildesheim1      
spicel4 #b4 de mel4  #abic4 ,joh4 de    
,indag4 cap4 #i4 ,montaltus1 cap4 #bb4  
#abid4 ,caput parvum qui habent cerebrum
 et spiritus plerumque angustos1 facile 

incident in ,melancholiam rubicundi4    
,aetius4 ,idem ,montaltus1 c4 #ba4 e    
,galeno4  #abie4 ,saturnina a ,rascetta 
per mediam manum decurrens1 usque ad    
radicem montis ,saturni1 a parvis lineis
 intersecta1 arguit melancholicos4      
,aphoris4 #gh4  #abif4 ,agitantur       
miseriis1 continuis inquietudinibus1    
neque unquam a solitudine liberi sunt1  
anxie affiguntur amarissimis intra      
cogitationibus1 semper tristes1         
suspitiosi1 meticulosi3 cogitationes    
sunt1 velle agrum colere1 stagna amant  
et paludes1 c4 ,jo4 de ,indagine1 lib4  
#a4  #abig4 ,caelestis ,physiognom4 lib4
 #aj4  #abih4 ,cap4 #ad4 lib4 #e4 ,idem 
maculae in ungulis nigrae1 lites1 rixas1
 melancholiam significant1 ab humore in 
corde tali4  #abii4 ,lib4 #a4 ,path4    
cap4 #aa4  #acjj4 ,venit enim properata 
malis inopina senectus3 et dolor aetatem
 jussit inesse meam4 ,boethius1 met4 #a4
 de consol4 ,philos4  #acja4 ,cap4 de   
humoribus1 lib4 de ,anima4  #acjb4      
,necessarium accidens decrepitis1 et    

inseparabile4  #acjc4 ,psal4 xc4 #aj4   
#acjd4 ,meteran4 ,belg4 hist4 lib4 #a4  
#acje4 ,sunt morosi anxii1 et iracundi  
et difficiles senes1 si quaerimus1 etiam
 avari1 ,tull4 de senectute4  #acjf4    
,lib4 #b4 de ,aulico4 ,senes avari1     
morosi1 jactabundi1 philauti1 deliri1   
superstitiosi1 auspiciosi1 c4 ,lib4 #c4 
de ,lamiis1 cap4 #ag4 et #ah4  #acjg4   
,solarium1 opium lupiadeps1 lacr4 asini1
 c4 sanguis infantum1 c4  #acjh4        
,corrupta est iis ab humore             
,melancholico phantasia4 ,nymanus4      
#acji4 ,putant se laedere quando non    
laedunt4  #acaj4 ,qui haec in           
imaginationis vim referre conati sunt1  
atrae bilis1 inanem prorsus laborem     
susceperunt4  #acaa4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #d4 
omnif4 mag4  #acab4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #aa4 
path4  #acac4 ,ut arthritici ,epilep4 c4
  #acad4 ,ut filii non tam possessionum 
quam morborum baeredes sint4  #acae4    
,epist4 de secretis artis et naturae1 c4
 #g4 ,nam in hoc quod patres corrupti   
sunt1 generant filios corruptae         

complexionis1 et compositionis1 et filii
 eorum eadem de causa se corrumpunt1 et 
sic derivatur corruptio a patribus ad   
filios4  #acaf4 ,non tam 7inquit        
,hippocrates7 gibbos et cicatrices oris 
et corporis habitum agnoscis ex iis1 sed
 verum incessum gestus1 mores1 morbos1  
c4  #acag4 ,synagog4 ,jud4  #acah4      
,affectus parentum in foetus transeunt1 
et puerorum malicia parentibus          
imputanda1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #c4 de occult1 
nat4 mirae4  #acai4 ,ex pituitosis      
pituitosi1 ex biliosis biliosi1 ex      
lienosis et melancholicis melancholici4 
#acbj4 ,epist4 #agd4 in ,scoltz4        
,nascitur nobiscum illa aliturque et una
 cum parentibus habemus malum hunc      
assem4 ,jo4 ,pelesius1 lib4 #b4 de cura 
humanorum affectuum4  #acba4 ,lib4 #aj4 
observat4  #acbb4 ,maginus ,geog4       
#acbc4 ,saepe non eundem1 sed similem   
producit effectum1 et illaeso parente   
transit4 in nepotem4  #acbd4 ,dial4     
praefix4 genituris ,leovitii4  #acbe4   
,bodin4 de rep4 cap4 de periodis reip4  

#acbf4 ,claudius ,abaville1 ,capuchion1 
in his voyage to ,maragnan4 #afad4 cap4 
#de4 ,nemo fere aegrotus1 sano omnes et 
robusto corpore1 vivunt annos4 #abj1    
#adj4 sine ,medicina4 ,idem ,hector     
,boethius de insulis ,orchad4 et        
,damianus a ,goes de ,scandia4  #acbg4  
,lib4 #d4 c4 #c4 de occult4 nat4 mir4   
,tetricos plerumque filios senes        
progenerant et tristes1 rarios          
exhilaratos4  #acbh4 ,coitus super      
repletionem pessimus1 et filii qui tum  
gignuntur1 aut morbosi sunt1 aut        
stolidi4  #acbi4 dial1 praefix4         
,leovito4  #accj4 ,l4 de ed4 liberis4   
#acca4 ,de occult4 nat4 mir4 temulentae 
et stolidae mulieres liberos plerumque  
producunt sibi similes4  #accb4 ,lib4   
#b1 c4 #h4 de occult1 nat4 mir4 ,good   
,master ,schoolmaster do not ,english   
this4  #accc4 ,de nat4 mul4 lib4 #c4    
cap4 #d4  #accd4 ,buxdorphius1 c4 #ca4  
,synag4 ,jud4 ,ezek4 #ah4  #acce4       
,drusius obs4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #bj4  #accf4
 ,beda4 ,eccl4 hist4 lib4 #a4 c4 #bg4   

respons4 #aj4  #accg4 ,nam spiritus     
cerebri si tum male afficiantur1 tales  
procreant1 et quales fuerint affectus1  
tales filiorum3 ex tristibus tristes1 ex
 jucundis jucundi nascuntur1 c4  #acch4 
,fol4 #abi4 mer4 ,socrates' children    
were fools4 ,sabel4  #acci4 ,de occul4  
nat4 mir4 ,pica morbus mulierum4  #acdj4
 ,baptista ,porta1 loco praed4 ,ex      
leporum intuitu plerique infantes edunt 
bifido superiore labello4  #acda4 ,quasi
 mox in terram collapsurus1 per omne    
vitam incedebat cum mater gravia ebrium 
hominem sic incedentem viderat4  #acdb4 
,civem facie cadaverosa1 qui dixit1 c4  
#acdc4 ,optimum bene nasci1 maxima para 
felicitatis nostrae bene nasci2         
quamobrem praeclere humano generi       
consultam videretur1 si solis parentis  
bene habiti et sani1 liberis operam     
darent4  #acdd4 ,infantes infirmi       
praecipitio necati4 ,bohemus1 lib4 #c4  
c4 #c4 ,apud ,lacones olim4 ,lipsius1   
epist4 #he4 cent4 ad ,belgas1 ,dionysio 
,villerio1 si quos aliqua membrorum     

parte inutiles notaverint1 necari       
jubent4  #acde4 ,lib4 #a4 ,de veterum   
,scotorum moribus4 ,morbo comitiali1    
dementia1 mania1 lepra1 c4 aut simila   
labe1 quae facile in prolem             
transmittitur1 laborantes inter eos1    
ingenti facta indagine1 inventos1 ne    
gens foeda contagione laederetur1 ex iis
 nata1 castraverunt1 mulieres hujusmodi 
procul a virorum consortio abregarunt1  
quod si harum aliqua concepisse         
inveniebatur1 simul cum foetu nondum    
edito1 defodiebatur viva4  #acdf4       
,euphormio ,satyr4  #acdg4 ,fecit omnia 
delicta quae fieri possunt circa res sex
 non naturales1 et eae fuerunt causae   
extrinsecae1 ex quibus postea ortae sunt
 obstructiones4  #acdh4 ,path4 ,i4 l4 c4
 #b4 ,maximam in gignendis morbis vim   
obtinet1 pabulum1 materiamque morbi     
suggerens3 nam nec ab aere1 nec a       
perturbationibus1 vel aliis evidentibus 
causis morbi sunt1 nisi consentiat      
corporis praeparatio1 et humorum        
constitutio4 ,ut semel dicam1 una gula  

est omnium morborum mater1 etiamsi alius
 est genitor4 ,ab hac morbi sponte saepe
 emanant1 nulla alia cogente causa4     
#acdi4 ,cogan1 ,eliot1 ,vauhan1 ,vener4 
#acej4 ,frietagius4  #acea4 ,isaac4     
#aceb4 ,non laudatur quia melancholicum 
praebet alimentum4  #acec4 ,male alit   
cervina 7inquit ,frietagius7            
crassissimum et atribilarium suppeditat 
alimentum4  #aced4 ,lib4 de subtiliss4  
dieta4 ,equina caro et asinina equinis  
danda est hominibus et asininis4  #acee4
 ,parum obsunt a natura ,leporum4       
,bruerinus1 l4 #ac4 cap4 #be4 pullorum  
tenera et optima4  #acef4 ,illaudabilis 
succi nauseam provocant4  #aceg4 ,piso4 
,altomar4  #aceh4 ,curio4 ,frietagius1  
,magninus1 part4 #c4 cap4 #ag4          
,mercurialis1 de affect1 lib4 ,i4 c4    
#aj4 excepts all milk meats in          
,hypochondriacal ,melancholy4  #acei4   
,wecker1 ,syntax4 theor4 p4 #b4 ,isaac1 
,bruer4 lib4 #ae4 cap4 #cj4 et #ca4     
#acfj4 ,cap4 #ah4 part4 #c4  #acfa4     
,omni loco et omni tempore medici       

detestantur anguillas praesertim circa  
solstitium4 ,damnanturtum sanis tum     
aegris4  #acfb4 ,cap4 #f4 in his ,tract 
of ,melancholy4  #acfc4 ,optime nutrit  
omnium judicio inter primae notae pisces
 gustu praestanti4  #acfd4 ,non est     
dubium1 quin pro variorum situ1 ac      
natura1 magnas alimentorum sortiantur   
differentias1 alibi suaviores1 alibi    
lutulentiores4  #acfe4 ,observat4 #af4  
lib4 #aj4  #acff4 ,pseudolus act4 #c4   
scen4 #b4  #acfg4 ,plautus1 ibid4       
#acfh4 ,quare rectius valedutini suae   
quisque consulet1 qui lapsus priorum    
parentum memor1 eas plane vel omiserit  
vel parce degustarit4 ,kersleius1 cap4  
#d1 de vero usu med4  #acfi4 ,in        
,mizaldo de ,horto1 ,p4 ,crescent4      
,herbastein1 c4  #acgj4 ,cap4 #ac4 part4
 #c4 ,bright1 in his ,tract of ,mel4    
#acga4 ,intellectum turbant1 producunt  
insaniam4  #acgb4 ,audivi 7inquit       
,magnin47 quod si quis ex iis per annum 
continue comedat1 in insaniam caderet4  
cap4 #ac4 ,improbi succi sunt4 cap4 #ab4

  #acgc4 ,de rerum varietat4 ,in ,fessa 
plerumque morbosi1 quod fructus comedant
 ter in die4  #acgd4 ,cap4 de ,mel4     
#acge4 ,lib4 #aa4 c4 #c4  #acgf4        
,bright1 c4 #f4 excepts honey4  #acgg4  
,hor4 apud ,scoltzium1 consil4 #ahf4    
#acgh4 ,ne comedas crustam1 choleram    
quia gignit adustam4 ,schol4 ,sal4      
#acgi4 ,vinum turbidum4  #achj4 ,ex vini
 patentis bibitione1 duo ,alemani in uno
 mense melancholici facti sunt4  #acha4 
,hildesheim1 spicel4 fol4 #bgc4  #achb4 
,crassum generat sanguinem4  #achc4     
,about ,danzig in ,spruce1 ,hamburgh1   
,leipsig4  #achd4 ,henricus ,abrmcensis4
  #ache4 ,potus tum salubris tum        
jucundus1 l4 #a4  #achf4 ,galen l4 #a4  
de san4 tuend4 ,cavendae sunt aquae quae
 ex stagnis hauriuntur1 et quae turbidae
 and male olentes1 c4  #achg4 ,innoxium 
reddit et bene olentum4  #achh4         
,contendit haec vitia coctione non      
emendari4  #achi4 ,lib4 de bonitate     
aquae1 hydropem auget1 febres putridas1 
splenem1 tusses1 nocet oculis1 malum    

habitum corporis et colorem4  #acij4    
,mag4 ,nigritatem inducit si pecora     
biberint4  #acia4 ,aquae nivibus coactae
 strumosos faciunt4  #acib4 ,cosmog4 l4 
#c4 cap4 #cf4  #acic4 ,method1 hist4    
cap4 #e4 ,balbutiunt ,labdoni in        
,aquitania ob aquas1 atque hi morbi ab  
acquis in corpora derivantur4  #acid4   
,edulia ex sanguine et suffocato parta4 
,hildesheim4  #acie4 ,cupedia vero1     
placentae1 bellaria1 commentaque alia   
curiosa pistorum et coquorum1 gustui    
servientium conciliant morbos tum       
corpori tum animo insanibiles4 ,philo   
,judaeus1 lib4 de victimis4 ,p4 ,jov4   
vita ejus4  #acif4 ,as lettuce steeped  
in wine1 birds fed with fennel and      
sugar1 as a ,pope's concubine used in   
,avignon4 ,stephan4  #acig4 ,animae     
negotium illa facessit1 et de templo    
,dii immundum stabulum facit4 ,peletius1
 #aj4 c4  #acih4 ,lib4 #aa4 c4 #eb4     
,homini cibus utilissimus simplex1      
acervatio cirborum pestifera1 et        
condimenta perniciosa1 multos morbos    

multa fercula ferunt4  #acii4 #ca4 ,dec4
 #b4 c4 ,nihil deterius quam si tempus  
justo longius comedendo protrahatur1 et 
varia ciborum genera conjungantur3 inde 
morborum scaturigo1 quae ex repugnantia 
humorum oritur4  #adjj4 ,path4 l4 #a4 c4
 #ad4  #adja4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #e4  #adjb4   
,nimia repletio ciborum facit           
melancholicum4  #adjc4 ,comestio        
superflua cibi1 et potus quantitas      
nimia4  #adjd4 ,impura corpora quanto   
magis nutris1 tanto magis laedis3       
putrefacit enim alimentum vitiosus      
humor4  #adje4 ,vid4 ,goclen4 de        
portentosis coenis1 c4 puteani ,com4    
#adjf4 ,amb4 lib4 de ,jeju4 cap4 #ad4   
,they who invite us to a supper1 only   
conduct us to our tomb4  #adjg4         
,juvenal4 ,the highest-priced dishes    
afford the greatest gratification4      
#adjh4 ,guiccardin4  #adji4 ,na4 quaest4
 #d4 ca4 ult4 fastidio est lumen        
gratuitum1 dolet quod sole1 quod        
spiritum emere non possimus1 quod hic   
aer non emptus ex facili1 c4 adeo nihil 

placet1 nisi quod carum est4  #adaj4    
,ingeniosi ad ,gulam4  #adaa4 ,olim vile
 mancipium1 nunc in omni aestimatione1  
nunc ars haberi caepta1 c4  #adab4      
,epist4 #bh4 l4 #g4 ,quorum in ventre   
ingenium1 in patinis1 c4  #adac4 ,in    
lucem coenat4 ,sertorius4  #adad4       
,seneca4  #adae4 ,mancipia gulae1 dapes 
non sapore sed sumptu aestimantes4      
,seneca1 consol4 ad ,helvidium4  #adaf4 
,saevientia guttura satiare non possunt 
fluvii et maria1 ,aeneas ,sylvius1 de   
miser4 curial4  #adag4 ,plautus4  #adah4
 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 ,sat4 #c4  #adai4 ,diei 
brevitas conviviis1 noctis longitudo    
stupris conterebratur4  #adbj4 ,et quo  
plus capiant1 irritamenta excogitantur4 
#adba4 ,fores portantur ut ad convivium 
reportentur1 repleri ut exhauriant1 et  
exhauriri ut bibant4 ,ambros4  #adbb4   
,ingentia vasa velut ad ostentationem1  
c4  #adbc4 ,plautus4  #adbd4 ,lib4 #c4  
,anthol4 c4 #bj4  #adbe4 ,gratiam       
conciliant potando4  #adbf4 ,notis ad   
,caesares4  #adbg4 ,lib4 de educandis   

principum liberis4  #adbh4 ,virg4 ,ae4  
#a4  #adbi4 ,idem strenui potatoris     
,episcopi ,sacellanus1 cum ingentem     
pateram exhaurit princeps4  #adcj4      
,bohemus in ,saxonia4 ,adeo immoderate  
et immodeste ab ipsis bibitur1 ut in    
compotationibus suis non cyathis solum  
et cantharis sat infundere possint1 sed 
impletum mulctrale apponant1 et scutella
 injecta hortantur quemlibet ad libitum 
potare4  #adca4 ,dictu incredible1      
quantum hujusce liquorice immodesta gens
 capiat1 plus potantem amicissimum      
habent1 et cert coronant1 inimicissimum 
e contra qui non vult1 et caede et      
fustibus expiant4  #adcb4 ,qui potare   
recusat1 hostis habetur1 et caede       
nonnunquam res expiatur4  #adcc4 ,qui   
melius bibit pro salute domini1 melior  
habetur minister4  #adcd4 ,graec4 ,poeta
 apud ,stobaeum1 ser4 #ah4  #adce4 ,qui 
de die jejunant1 et nocte vigilant1     
facile cadunt in melancholiam2 et qui   
naturae modum excedunt1 c4 #e4 tract4   
#ae4 c4 #b4 ,longa famis tolerantia1 ut 

iis saepe accidit qui tanto cum fervore 
,deo servire cupiunt per jejunium1 quod 
maniaci efficiantur1 ipse vidi saepe4   
#adcf4 ,in tenui victu aegri delinquunt1
 ex quo fit ut majori afficiantur       
detrimento1 majorque fit error tenui    
quam pleniore victu4  #adcg4 ,quae longo
 tempore consueta sunt1 etiamsi         
deteriora1 minus in assuetis molestare  
solent4  #adch4 ,qui medice vivit1      
misere vivit4  #adci4 ,consuetudo altera
 natura4  #addj4 ,herefordshire1        
,gloucestershire1 ,worcestershire4      
#adda4 ,leo ,afer4 l4 #a4 solo camelorum
 lacte contenti1 nil praeterea          
deliciarum ambiunt4  #addb4 ,flandri    
vinum butyro dilutum bibunt 7nauseo     
referens7 ubique butyrum inter omnia    
fercula et bellaria locum obtinet4      
,steph4 praefat4 ,herod4  #addc4        
,delectantur ,graeci piscibus magis quam
 carnibus4  #addd4 ,lib4 #a4 hist4 ,ang4
  #adde4 ,p4 ,jovius descript4          
,britonum4 ,they sit1 eat and drink all 
day at dinner in ,iceland1 ,muscovy1 and

 those northern parts4  #addf4 ,suidas1 
vict4 ,herod1 nihilo cum eo melius quam 
si quis ,cicutam1 ,aconitum1 c4  #addg4 
,expedit4 in ,sinas1 lib4 #a4 c4 #c4    
hortensium herbarum et olerum1 apud     
,sinas quam apud nos longe frequentior  
usus1 complures quippe de vulgo reperias
 nulla alia re vel tenuitatis1 vel      
religionis causa vescentes4 ,equus1     
,mulus1 ,asellus1 c4 aeque fere         
vescuntur ac pabula omnia1 ,mat4        
,riccius1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #ab4  #addh4    
,tartari mulis1 equis vescuntur et      
crudis carnibus1 et fruges contemnunt1  
dicentes1 hoc jumentorum pabulum et     
bonum1 non hominum4  #addi4 ,islandiae  
descriptione victus corum butyro1 lacte1
 caseo consistit3 pisces loco panis     
habent1 potus aqua1 aut serum1 sic      
vivunt sine medicina multa ad annos     
#bjj4  #adej4 ,laet4 occident4 ,ind4    
descrip4 lib4 #aa4 cap4 #aj4 ,aquam     
marinam bibere sueti absque noxa4       
#adea4 ,davies #b4 voyage4  #adeb4      
,patagones4  #adec4 ,benzo et ,fer4     

,cortesius1 lib4 novus orbis inscrip4   
#aded4 ,linschoten1 c4 #ef4 ,palmae     
instar totius orbis arboribus longe     
praestantior4  #adee4 ,lips4 epist4     
#adef4 ,teneris assuescere multum4      
#adeg4 ,repentinae mutationes noxam     
pariunt4 ,hippocrat4 ,aphorism4 #ba4    
,epist4 #f4 sect4 #c4  #adeh4           
,bruerinus1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #bc4  #adei4  
,simpl4 med4 c4 #d4 l4 #a4  #adfj4      
,heurnius1 l4 #c4 c4 #ai4 prax4 med4    
#adfa4 ,aphoris4 #ag4  #adfb4 ,in dubiis
 consuetudinem sequatur adolescens1 et  
inceptis perseveret4  #adfc4 ,qui cum   
voluptate assumuntur cibi1 ventriculus  
avidius complectitur1 expeditiusque     
concoquit1 et quae displicent aversatur4
  #adfd4 ,nothing against a good        
stomach1 as the saying is4  #adfe4 ,lib4
 #g4 ,hist4 ,scot4  #adff4 #cj4 artis4  
#adfg4 ,quae excernuntur aut subsistunt4
  #adfh4 ,ex ventre suppresso1          
inflammationes1 capitis dolores1        
caligines crescunt4  #adfi4 ,excrementa 
retenta mentis agitationem parere       

solent4  #adgj4 ,cap4 de ,mel4  #adga4  
,tam delirus1 ut vix se hominem         
agnosceret4  #adgb4 ,alvus astrictus    
causa4  #adgc4 ,per octo dies alvum     
siccum habet1 et nihil reddit4  #adgd4  
,sive per nares1 sive haemorrhoides4    
#adge4 ,multi intempestive ab           
haemorrhoidibus curati1 melancholia     
corrupti sunt4 ,incidit in ,scyllam1 c4 
#adgf4 ,lib4 #a4 de ,mania4  #adgg4     
,breviar4 l4 #g4 c4 #ah4  #adgh4 ,non   
sine magno incommodo ejus1 cui sanguis a
 naribus promanat1 noxii sanguinis      
vacuatio impediri potest4  #adgi4 ,novi 
quosdam prae pudore a coitu abstinentes1
 turpidos1 pigrosque factos2 nonnullos  
etiam melancholicos1 praeter modum      
moestos1 timidosque4  #adhj4 ,nonnulli  
nisi coeant assidue capitis gravitate   
infestantur4 ,dicit se novisse quosdam  
tristes et ita factos ex intermissione  
,veneris4  #adha4 ,vapores venenatos    
mittit sperma ad cor et cerebrum4       
,sperma plus diu retentum1 transit in   
venenum4  #adhb4 ,graves producit       

corporis et animi aegritudines4  #adhc4 
,ex spermate supra modum retento        
monachos et viduas melancholicos saepe  
fieri vidi4  #adhd4 ,melancholia orta a 
vasis seminariis in utero4  #adhe4      
,nobilis senex ,alsatus juvenem uxorem  
duxit1 at ille colico dolore1 et multis 
morbis correptus1 non potuit praestare  
officium mariti1 vix inito matrimonio   
aegrotus4 ,illa in horrendum furorum    
incidit1 ob ,venerem cohibitam ut omnium
 eam invisentium congressum1 voce1      
vultu1 gestu expeteret1 et quum non     
consentirent1 molossos ,anglicanos magno
 expetiit clamore4  #adhf4 ,vidi        
sacerdotem optimum et pium1 qui quod    
nollet uti ,venere1 in melancholica     
symptomata incidit4  #adhg4 ,ob         
abstinentiam a concubitu incidit in     
melancholiam4  #adhh4 ,quae a coitu     
exacerbantur4  #adhi4 ,superstuum coitum
 causam ponunt4  #adij4 ,exsiccat       
corpus1 spiritus consumit1 c4 caveant ab
 hoc sicci1 velut inimico mortali4      
#adia4 ,ita exsiccatus ut e melancholico

 statim fuerit insanus1 ab humectantibus
 curatus4  #adib4 ,ex cauterio et ulcere
 exsiccato4  #adic4 ,gord4 c4 #aj4 lib4 
#a4 ,discommends cold baths as noxious4 
#adid4 ,siccum reddunt corpus4  #adie4  
,si quis longius moretur in iis1 aut    
nimis frequenter1 aut importune utatur1 
humores putrefacit4  #adif4 ,ego anno   
superiore1 quendam guttosum vidi        
adustum1 qui ut liberaretur de gutta1 ad
 balnea accessit1 et de gutta liberatus1
 maniacus factus est4  #adig4 ,on       
,schola ,salernitana4  #adih4           
,calefactio et ebullitio per venae      
incisionem1 magis saepe incitatur et    
augetur1 majore impetu humores per      
corpus discurrunt4  #adii4 ,lib4 de     
flatulenta ,melancholia4 ,frequens      
sanguinis missio corpus extenuat4       
#aejj4 ,in #i ,rhasis1 atram bilem      
parit1 et visum debilitat4  #aeja4      
,multo nigrior spectatur sanguis post   
dies quosdam1 quam fuit ab initio4      
#aejb4 ,non laudo eos qui in desipientia
 docent secandam esse venam frontis1    

quia spiritus debilitatur inde1 et ego  
longa experientia observavi in proprio  
,xenodochio1 quod desipientes ex        
phlebotomia magis laeduntur1 et magis   
disipiunt1 et melancholici saepe fiunt  
inde pejores4  #aejc4 ,de mentis        
alienat4 cap4 #c4 etsi multos hoc       
improbasse sciam1 innumeros hac ratione 
sanatos longa observatione cognovi1 qui 
vigesies1 sexagies venas tundendo1 c4   
#aejd4 ,vires debilitat4  #aeje4        
,impurus aer spiritus dejicit1 infecto  
corde gignit morbos4  #aejf4 ,sanguinem 
densat1 et humores1 ,p4 #a4 c4 #ac4     
#aejg4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #c4  #aejh4 ,lib4 
de quartana4 ,ex aere ambiente          
contrahitur humor melancholicus4  #aeji4
 ,qualis aer1 talis spiritus3 et        
cujusmodi spiritus1 humores4  #aeaj4    
,aelianus ,montaltus1 c4 #aa4 calidus et
 siccus1 frigidus et siccus1            
paludinosus1 crassus4  #aeaa4 ,multa hic
 in ,xenodochiis fanaticorum millia quae
 strictissime catenata servantur4       
#aeab4 ,lib4 med4 part4 #b4 c4 #ai4     

,intellige1 quod in calidis regionibus1 
frequenter accidit mania1 in frigidis   
autem tarde4  #aeac4 ,lib4 #b4  #aead4  
,hodopericon1 cap4 #g4  #aeae4 ,apulia  
aestivo calore maxime fervet1 ita ut    
ante finem ,maii pene exusta sit4       
#aeaf4 ,they perish in clouds of sand4  
,maginus ,pers4  #aeag4 ,pantheo seu    
,pract4 ,med4 l4 #a4 cap4 #af4 ,venetae 
mulieres quae diu sub sole vivunt1      
aliquando melancholicae evadunt4  #aeah4
 ,navig4 lib4 #b cap4 #d4 commercia     
nocte1 hora secunda ob nimios1 qui      
saeviunt interdiu aestus exercent4      
#aeai4 ,morbo ,gallico laborantes1      
exponunt ad solem ut morbus exsiccent4  
#aebj4 ,sir ,richard ,hawkins in his    
,observations1 sect4 #ac4  #aeba4       
,hippocrates1 #c4 ,aphorismorum idem    
ait4  #aebb4 ,idem ,maginus in ,persia4 
#aebc4 ,descrip4 ,ter4 sanctae4  #aebd4 
,quum ad solis radios in leone longam   
moram traheret1 ut capillos slavos      
redderet1 in maniam incidit4  #aebe4    
,mundus alter et idem1 seu ,terra       

,australis incognita4  #aebf4 ,crassus  
et turpidus aer1 tristem efficit animam4
  #aebg4 ,commonly called ,scandaroon in
 ,asia ,minor4  #aebh4 ,atlas           
geographicus memoria1 valent ,pisani1   
quod crassiore fruantur aere4  #aebi4   
,lib4 #a4 hist4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #da4 ,aura
 densa ac caliginosa tetrici homines    
existunt1 et substristes1 et cap4 #c4   
stante subsolano et ,zephyro1 maxima in 
mentibus hominum alacritas existit1     
mentisque erectio ubi telum solis       
splendore nitescit4 ,maxima dejectio    
maerorque si quando aura caliginosa est4
  #aecj4 ,geor4  #aeca4 ,hor4  #aecb4   
,mens quibus vacillat1 ab aere cito     
offenduntur1 et multi insani apud       
,belgas ante tempestates saeviunt1      
aliter quieti4 ,spiritus quoque aeris et
 mali genii aliquando se tempestatibus  
ingerunt1 et menti humanae se latenter  
insinuant1 eamque vexant1 exagitant1 et 
ut fluctus marini1 humanum corpus ventis
 agitatur4  #aecc4 ,aer noctu densatur1 
et cogit moestitiam4  #aecd4 ,lib de    

,iside et ,osyride4  #aece4 ,multa      
defatigatio1 spiritus1 viriumque        
substantiam exhaurit1 et corpus         
refrigerat4 ,humores corruptos qui      
aliter a natura concoqui et domari      
possint1 et demum blande excludi1       
irritat1 et quasi in furorem agit1 qui  
postea mota camerina1 tetro vapore      
corpus varie lacessunt1 animumque4      
#aecf4 ,in ,veni mecum3 ,libro sic      
inscripto4  #aecg4 ,instit4 ad vit4     
,christ1 cap4 #dd4 cibos crudos in venas
 rapit1 qui putrescentes illic spiritus 
animalis inficiunt4  #aech4 ,crudi haec 
humoris copia per venas aggreditur1 unde
 morbi multiplices4  #aeci4 ,immodicum  
exercitium4  #aedj4 ,hom4 #ca4 in #a    
,cor4 vi4 ,nam qua mens hominis quiscere
 non possit1 sed continuo circa varias  
cogitationes discurrat1 nisi honesto    
aliquo negotio occupetur1 ad            
melancholiam sponte delabitur4  #aeda4  
,crato1 consil4 #ba4 ,ut immodica       
corporis exercitatio nocet corporibus1  
ita vita deses1 et otiosa3 otium1 animal

 pituitosum reddit1 viscerum            
obstructiones et crebras fluxiones1 et  
morbos concitat4  #aedb4 ,et vide quod  
una de rebus quae magis generat         
melancholiam1 est otiositas4  #aedc4    
,reponitur otium ab aliis causa1 et hoc 
a nobis observatum eos huic malo magis  
obnoxios qui plane otiosi sunt1 quam eos
 qui aliquo munere versantur exequendo4 
#aedd4 ,de ,tranquil4 animae4 ,sunt qua 
ipsum otium in animi conjicit           
aegritudinem4  #aede4 ,nihil est quod   
aeque melancholiam alat ac augeat1 ac   
otium et abstinentia a corporis et animi
 exercitationibus4  #aedf4 ,nihil magis 
excaecat intellectum1 quam otium4       
,gordonius de observat4 vit4 hum4 lib4  
#a4  #aedg4 ,path4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ag4   
exercitationis intermissio1 inertem     
calorem1 languidos spiritus1 et ignavos1
 et ad omnes actiones segniores reddit1 
cruditates1 obstructiones1 et           
excrementorum proventus facit4  #aedh4  
,hor4 ,ser4 #a4 ,sat4 #c4  #aedi4       
,seneca4  #aeej4 ,moerorem animi1 et    

maciem1 ,plutarch calls it4  #aeea4     
,sicut in stagno generantur vermes1 sic 
et otioso malae cogitationes4 ,sen4     
#aeeb4 ,now this leg1 now that arm1 now 
their head1 heart1 c4  #aeec4 ,exod4 v4 
#aeed4 7,for they cannot well tell what 
aileth them1 or what they would have    
themselves7 my heart1 my head1 my       
husband1 my son1 c4  #aeee4 ,prov4      
xviii4 ,pigrum dejiciet timor4          
,heautontimorumenon4  #aeef4 ,lib4 #ai4 
c4 #aj4  #aeeg4 ,plautus1 ,prol4        
,mostel4  #aeeh4 ,piso1 ,montaltus1     
,mercurialis1 c4  #aeei4 ,aquibus malum1
 velut a primaria causa1 nactum est4    
#aefj4 ,jucunda rerum praesentium1      
praeteritarum1 et futurarum meditatio4  
#aefa4 ,facilis descensus ,averni3 ,sed 
revocare gradum1 superasque evadere ad  
auras1 ,hic labor1 hoc opus est4 ,virg4 
#aefb4 ,hieronimus1 ep4 #gb4 dixit      
oppida et urbes videri sibi tetros      
carceres1 solitudinem ,paradisum3 solum 
scorpionibus infectum1 sacco amictus1   
humi cubans1 aqua et herbis victitans1  

,romanis praetulit deliciis4  #aefc4    
,offic4 #c4  #aefd4 ,eccl #d4  #aefe4   
,natura de te videtur conqueri posse1   
quod cum ab ea temperatissimum corpus   
adeptus sis1 tam praeclarum a ,deo ac   
utile donum1 non contempsisti modo1     
verum corrupisti1 sedasti1 prodidisti1  
optimam temperaturam otio1 crapula1 et  
aliis vitae erroribus1 c4  #aeff4 ,path4
 lib4 cap4 #ag4 ,fernel4 corpus         
infrigidat1 omnes sensus1 mentisque     
vires torpore debilitat4  #aefg4 ,lib4  
#b4 sect4 #b4 cap4 #d4 ,magnam          
excrementorum vim cerebro et aliis      
partibus conservat4  #aefh4 ,jo4        
,retzius1 lib4 de rebus #f non          
naturalibus4 ,praeparat corpus talis    
somnus ad multas periculosas            
aegritudines4  #aefi4 ,instit4 ad vitam 
optimam1 cap4 #bf4 cerebro siccitatem   
adfert1 phrenesin et delirium1 corpus   
aridum facit1 squalidum1 strigosum1     
humores adurit1 temperamentum cerebri   
corrumpit1 maciem inducit3 exsiccat     
corpus1 bilem accendit1 profundos reddit

 oculos1 calorem augit4  #aegj4         
,naturalem calorem dissipat1 laesa      
concoctione cruditates facit4 ,attenuant
 juvenum vigilatae corpora noctes4      
#aega4 ,vita ,alexan4  #aegb4 ,grad4 #a4
 c4 #ad4  #aegc4 ,hor4 ,the body        
oppressed by yesterday's vices weighs   
down the spirit also4  #aegd4           
,perturbationes clavi sunt1 quibus      
corpori animus seu patibulo affigitur4  
,jamb4 de mist4  #aege4 ,lib4 de        
sanitat4 tuend4  #aegf4 ,prolog4 de     
virtute ,christi2 ,quae utitur corpore1 
ut faber malleo4  #aegg4 ,vita          
,apollonij1 lib4 #a4  #aegh4 ,lib4 de   
anim4 ab inconsiderantia1 et ignorantia 
omnes animi motus4  #aegi4 ,de ,physiol4
 ,stoic4  #aehj4 ,grad4 #a4 c4 #cb4     
#aeha4 ,epist4 #ajd4  #aehb4 ,aelianus4 
#aehc4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #f4 si quis ense  
percusserit eos1 tantum respiciunt4     
#aehd4 ,terror in sapiente esse non     
debet4  #aehe4 ,de occult nat4 mir4 l4  
#a4 c4 #af4 ,nemo mortalium qui         
affectibus non ducatur3 qui non movetur1

 aut saxum1 aut ,deus est4  #aehf4      
,instit4 l4 #b4 de humanorum affect4    
morborumque curat4  #aehg4 ,epist4 #aje4
  #aehh4 ,granatensis4  #aehi4 ,virg4   
#aeij4 ,de civit4 ,dei4 l4 #ad4 c4 #i4  
qualis in oculis hominum qui inversis   
pedibus ambulat1 talis in oculis        
sapientum1 cui passiones dominantur4    
#aeia4 ,lib4 de ,decal4 passiones maxime
 corpus offendunt et animam1 et         
frequentissimae causae melancholiae1    
dimoventes ab ingenio et sanitate       
pristina1 l4 #c4 de anima4  #aeib4      
,fraenaet stimuli animi1 velut in mari  
quaedam aurae leves1 quaedam placidae1  
quaedam turbulentae3 sic in corpore     
quaedam affectiones excitant tantum1    
quaedam ita movent1 ut de statu judicii 
depellant4  #aeic4 ,ut gutta lapidem1   
sic paulatim hae penetrant animum4      
#aeid4 ,usu valentes recte morbi animi  
vocantur4  #aeie4 ,imaginatio movet     
corpus1 ad cujus motum excitantur       
humores1 et spiritus vitales1 quibus    
alteratur4  #aeif4 ,eccles41 xiii4 #bf4 

,the heart alters the countenance to    
good or evil1 and distraction of the    
mind causeth distemperature of the body4
  #aeig4 ,spiritus et sanguis a laesa   
,imaginatione contaminantur1 humores    
enim mutati actiones animi immutant1    
,piso4  #aeih4 ,montani1 consil4 #bb4   
,hae vero quomodo causent melancholiam1 
clarum2 et quod concoctionem impediant1 
et membra principalia debilitent4       
#aeii4 ,breviar4 l4 #a4 cap4 #ah4       
#afjj4 ,solent hujusmodi egressiones    
favorabiliter oblectare1 et lectorem    
lassum jucunde refovere1 stomachumque   
nauseantem1 quodam quasi condimento     
reficere1 et ego libenter excurro4      
#afja4 ,ab imaginatione oriuntur        
affectiones1 quibus anima componitur1   
aut turbata deturbatur1 ,jo4 ,sarisbur4 
,metolog4 lib4 #d4 c4 #aj4  #afjb4      
,scalig4 exercit4  #afjc4 ,qui quotis   
volebat1 mortuo similis jacebat auferens
 se a sensibus1 et quum pungeretur      
dolorem non sensit4  #afjd4 ,idem       
,nymannus orat4 de ,imaginat4  #afje4   

,verbis et unctionibus se consecrant    
daemoni pessimae mulieres qui iis ad    
opus suum utitur1 et earum phantasiam   
regit1 ducitque ad loca ab ipsis        
desiderata1 corpora vero earum sine     
sensu permanent1 quae umbra cooperit    
diabolus1 ut nulli sine conspicua1 et   
post1 umbra sublata1 propriis corporibus
 eas restitut1 l4 #c4 c4 #aa4 ,wier4    
#afjf4 ,denario medico4  #afjg4 ,solet  
timor1 prae omnibus affectibus1 fortes  
imaginationes gignere1 post amor1 c4 l4 
#c4 c4 #h4  #afjh4 ,ex viso urso1 talem 
peperit4  #afji4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #d4 de  
occult4 nat4 mir4 si inter amplexus et  
suavia cogitet de uno1 aut alio absente1
 ejus effigies solet in faetu elucere4  
#afaj4 ,quid non faetui adhuc matri     
unito1 subita spirituum vibratione per  
nervos1 quibus matrix cerebro conjuncta 
est1 imprimit impregnatae imaginatio8 ut
 si imaginetur matum granatum1 illius   
notas secum proferet faetus3 ,si        
leporem1 infans editur supremo labello  
bifido1 et dissecto3 ,vehemens cogitatio

 movet rerum species4 ,wier4 lib4 #c4   
cap4 #h4  #afaa4 ,ne dum uterum gestent1
 admittant absurdas cogitationes1 sed et
 visu1 audituque foeda et horrenda      
devitent4  #afab4 ,occult4 ,philos4 lib4
 #a4 cap4 #fd4  #afac4 ,lib4 #c4 de     
,lamiis1 cap4 #aj4  #afad4 ,agrippa1    
lib4 #a4 cap4 #fd4  #afae4 ,sect4 #c4   
memb4 #a4 subsect4 #c4  #afaf4 ,malleus 
malefic4 fol4 #gg4 corpus mutari potest 
in diversas aegritudines1 ex forti      
apprehensione4  #afag4 ,fr4 ,vales4 l4  
#e4 cont4 #f4 nonnunquam etiam morbi    
diuturni consequuntur1 quandoque        
curantur4  #afah4 ,expedit4 in ,sinas1  
l4 #a4 c4 #i4 tantum porro multi        
praedictoribus hisce tribuunt ut ipse   
metus fidem faciat3 nam si praedictum   
iis fuerit tali die eos morbo           
corripiendos1 ii ubi dies advenerit1 in 
morbum incidunt1 et vi metus afflicti1  
cum aegritudine1 aliquando etiam cum    
morte colluctantur4  #afai4 ,subtil4    
#ah4  #afbj4 ,lib4 #c4 de anima1 cap4 de
 mel4  #afba4 ,lib4 de ,peste4  #afbb4  

,lib4 #a4 cap4 #fc4 ,ex alto            
despicientes aliqui prae timore         
contremiscunt1 caligant1 infirmantur2   
sic singultus1 febres1 morbi comitiales 
quandoque sequuntur1 quandoque recedunt4
  #afbc4 ,lib4 de ,incantatione1        
,imaginatio subitum humorum1 et         
spirituum motum infert1 undo vario      
affectu rapitur sanguis1 ac una         
morbificas causas partibus affectis     
eripit4  #afbd4 ,lib4 #c4 c4 #ah4 de    
praestig4 ,ut impia credulitate quis    
laeditur1 sic et levari eundem credibile
 est1 usuque observatum4  #afbe4 ,aegri 
persuasio et fiducia1 omni arti et      
consilio et medicinae praeferenda4      
,avicen4  #afbf4 ,plures sanat in quem  
plures confidunt4 lib4 de sapientia4    
#afbg4 ,marcelius ,ficinus1 l4 #ac4 c4  
#ah4 de theolog4 ,platonica4 ,imaginatio
 est tanquam ,proteus vel ,chamaeleon1  
corpus proprium et alienum nonnunquam   
afficiens4  #afbh4 ,cur oscitantes      
oscitent1 ,wierus4  #afbi4 ,t4 ,w4      
,jesuit4  #afcj4 #c4 de ,anima4  #afca4 

,ser4 #ce4 ,hae quatuor passiones sunt  
tanquam rotae in curru1 quibus vehimur  
hoc mundo4  #afcb4 ,harum quippe        
immoderatione1 spiritus marcescunt4     
,fernel4 l4 #a4 ,path4 c4 #ah4  #afcc4  
,mala consuetudine depravatur ingenium  
ne bene faciat4 ,prosper ,calenus1 l4 de
 atra bile4 ,plura faciunt homines e    
consuetudine quam e ratione4 ,a teneris 
assuescere multum est4 ,video meliora   
proboque deteriora sequor4 ,ovid4       
#afcd4 ,nemo laeditur nisi a seipso4    
#afce4 ,multi se in inquietudinem       
praecipitant ambitione et cupiditatibus 
excaecati1 non intelligunt se illud a   
diis petere1 quod sibi ipsis si velint  
praestare possint1 si curis et          
perturbationibus1 quibus assidue se     
macerant1 imperare vellent4  #afcf4     
,tanto studio miseriarum causas1 et     
alimenta dolorum quaerimus1 vitamque    
secus felicissimam1 tristem et          
miserabilem efficimus4 ,petrarch4       
praefat4 de ,remediis1 c4  #afcg4 ,timor
 et moestitia1 si diu perseverent1 causa

 et soboles atri humoris sunt1 et in    
circulum se procreant4 ,hip4 ,aphoris4  
#bc4 l4 #f4 ,idem ,montaltus1 cap4 #ai4 
,victorius ,faventinus1 pract4 imag4    
#afch4 ,multi ex maerore et metu huc    
delapsi sunt4 ,lemn41 lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4
  #afci4 ,multa cura et tristitia       
faciunt accedere melancholiam 7cap4 #c4 
de mentis alien47 si altas radices agat1
 in veram fixamque degenerat            
melancholiam et in desperationem        
desinit4  #afdj4 ,ille luctus1 ejus vero
 soror desperatio simul ponitur4  #afda4
 ,animarum crudele tormentum1 dolor     
inexplicabilis1 tinea non solum ossa1   
sed corda pertingens1 perpetuus         
carnifex1 vires animae consumens1 jugis 
nox1 et tenebrae profundae1 tempestas et
 turbo et febris non apparens1 omni igne
 validius incendens2 longior1 et pugnae 
finem non habens--,crucem circumfert    
dolor1 faciemque omni tyranno           
crudeliorem prae se fert4  #afdb4 ,nat4 
,comes ,mythol4 l4 #d4 c4 #f4  #afdc4   
,tully #c4 ,tusc4 omnis perturbatio     

miseria et carnificina est dolor4       
#afdd4 ,m4 ,drayton in his ,her4 ep4    
#afde4 ,crato consil4 #ba4 lib4 #b4     
moestitia universum infrigidat corpus1  
calorem innatum extinguit1 appetitum    
destruit4  #afdf4 ,cor refrigerat       
tristitia1 spiritus exsiccat1 innatumque
 calorem obruit1 vigilias inducit1      
concoctionem labefactat1 sanguinem      
incrassat1 exageratque melancholicum    
succum4  #afdg4 ,spiritus et sanguis hoc
 contaminatur4 ,piso4  #afdh4 ,marc4 vi4
 #af4 #aa4  #afdi4 ,maerore maceror1    
marcesco et consenesco miser1 ossa atque
 pellis sum misera macritudice4 ,plaut4 
#afej4 ,malum inceptum et actum a       
tristitia sola4  #afea4 ,hildesheim1    
spicel4 #b4 de melancholia1 maerore     
animi postea accedente1 in priora       
symptomata incidit4  #afeb4 ,vives1 #c4 
de anima1 c4 de maerore4 ,sabin4 in     
,ovid4  #afec4 ,herodian4 l4 #c4 maerore
 magis quem morbo consumptus est4       
#afed4 ,bothwallius atribilarius obiit  
,brizarrus ,genuensis hist4 c4  #afee4  

,so great is the fierceness and madness 
of melancholy4  #afef4 ,moestitia cor   
quasi percussum constringitur1 tremit et
 languescit cum acri sensu doloris4 ,in 
tristitia cor fugiens attrahit ex       
,splene lentum humorem melancholicum1   
qui effusus sub costis in sinistro      
latere hypocondriacos flatus facit1 quod
 saepe accidit iis qui diuturna cura et 
moestitia conflictantur4 ,melancthon4   
#afeg4 ,lib4 #c4 ,aen4 #d4  #afeh4 ,et  
metum ideo deam sacrarunt ut bonam      
mentem concederet4 ,varro1 ,lactantius1 
,aug4  #afei4 ,lilius ,girald4 ,syntag4 
l4 de diis miscellaniis4  #affj4        
,calendis ,jan4 feriae sunt divae       
,angeronae1 cui pontifices in sacello   
,volupiae sacra faciunt1 quod angores et
 animi solicitudines propitiata         
propellat4  #affa4 ,timor inducit       
frigus1 cordis palpitationem1 vocis     
defectum atque pallorem4 ,agrippa1 lib4 
#a4 cap4 #fc4 ,timidi semper spiritus   
habent frigidos4 ,mont4  #affb4 ,effusas
 cernens fugientes agmine turmas2 quis  

mea nunc inflat cornua ,faunus ait8     
,alciat4  #affc4 ,metus non solum       
memoriam consternat1 sed et institutum  
animi omne et laudabilem conatum        
impedit4 ,thucidides4  #affd4 ,lib4 de  
fortitudine et virtute ,alexandri1 ubi  
prope res adfuit terribilis4  #affe4    
,sect4 #b4 ,mem4 #c4 ,subs4 #b4  #afff4 
,sect4 #b4 ,memb4 #d4 ,subs4 #c4  #affg4
 ,subtil4 #ah4 lib4 timor attrahit ad se
 ,daemonas1 timor et error multum in    
hominibus possunt4  #affh4 ,lib4 #b4    
,spectris ca4 #c4 fortes raro spectra   
vident1 quia minus timent4  #affi4 ,vita
 ejus4  #afgj4 ,sect4 #b4 ,memb4 #d4    
,subs4 #g4  #afga4 ,de virt4 et vitiis4 
#afgb4 ,com4 in ,arist4 de ,anima4      
#afgc4 ,qui mentem subjecit timoria     
dominationi1 cupiditatis1 doloris1      
ambitionis1 pudoris1 felix non est1 sed 
omnino miser1 assiduis laborius         
torquetur et miseria4  #afgd4 ,multi    
contemnunt mundi strepitum1 reputant pro
 nihilo gloriam1 sed timent infamiam1   
offensionem1 repulsam4 ,voluptatem      

severissime contemnunt1 in dolore sunt  
molliores1 gloriam negligunt1 franguntur
 infamia4  #afge4 ,gravius contumeliam  
ferimus quam detrimentum1 ni abjecto    
nimis animo sinius4 ,plut4 in ,timol4   
#afgf4 ,quod piscatoris aenigma solvere 
non posset4  #afgg4 ,ob ,tragoediam     
explosam1 mortem sibi gladio concivit4  
#afgh4 ,cum vidit in triumphum se       
servari1 causa ejus ignominiae vitandae 
mortem sibi concivit4 ,plut4  #afgi4    
,bello victus1 per tres dies sedit in   
prora navis1 abstinens ab omni          
consortio1 etiam ,cleopatiae1 postea se 
interfecit4  #afhj4 ,cum male recitasset
 ,argonautica1 ob pudorem exulavit4     
#afha4 ,quidam prae verecundia simul et 
dolore in insaniam incidunt1 eo quod a  
literatorum gradu in examine            
excluduntur4  #afhb4 ,hostratus         
cucullatus adeo graviter ob ,reuclini   
librum1 qui inscribitur1 ,epistolae     
obscurorum virorum1 dolore simul et     
pudore sauciatus1 ut seipsum            
interfecerit4  #afhc4 ,propter ruborem  

confusus1 statim cepit delirare1 c4 ob  
suspicionem1 quod vili illum crimine    
accusarent4  #afhd4 ,horat4  #afhe4 ,ps4
 ,impudice4 ,b4 ,ita est4 ,ps4 sceleste4
 ,b4 dicis vera ,ps4 ,verbero4 ,b4      
quippeni ,ps4 furcifer4 ,b4 factum      
optime4 ,ps4 soci fraude4 ,b4 sunt mea  
istaec ,ps4 parricida ,b4 perge tu ,ps4 
sacrilege4 ,b4 fateor4 ,ps4 perjure ,b4 
vera dicis4 ,ps4 pernities adolescentum 
,b4 acerrime4 ,ps4 fur4 ,b4 babe4 ,ps4  
fugitive4 ,b4 bombax4 ,ps4 fraus populi4
 ,b4 ,planissime4 ,ps4 impure leno1     
coenum4 ,b4 cantores probos4 ,pseudolus1
 act4 #a4 ,scen4 #c4  #afhf4 ,melicerta 
exclaims1 all shame has vanished from   
human transactions4 ,persius4 ,sat4 ,v4 
#afhg4 ,cent4 #g4 e ,plinio4  #afhh4    
,multos vide mus propter invidiam et    
odium in melancholiam incidisse3 et     
illos potissimum quorum corpora ad hanc 
apta sunt4  #afhi4 ,invidia affligit    
homines adeo et corrodit1 ut hi         
melancholici penitus fiant4  #afij4     
,hor4  #afia4 ,his vultus minax1 torvus 

aspectus1 pallor in facie1 in labiis    
tremor1 stridor in dentibus1 c4  #afib4 
,ut tinea corrodit vestimentum sic1     
invidiae eum qui zelatur consumit4      
#afic4 ,pallor in ore sedet1 macies in  
corpore toto4 ,nusquam recta acies1     
livent rubigine dentes4  #afid4 ,diaboli
 expressa ,imago1 toxicum charitatis1   
venenum amicitiae1 abyssus mentis1 non  
est eo monstrosius monstrum1 damnosius  
damnum1 urit1 torret1 discruciat macie  
et squalore conficit4 ,austin4 ,domin4  
primi4 ,advent4  #afie4 ,ovid4 ,he pines
 away at the sight of another's         
success----it is his special torture4   
#afif4 ,declam4 #ac4 linivit flores     
maleficis succis in venenum mella       
convertens4  #afig4 ,statuis cereis     
,basilius eos comparat1 qui liquefiunt  
ad praesentiam solis1 qua alii gaudent  
et ornantur4 ,muscis alii1 quae         
ulceribus gaudent1 amaena praetereunt   
sistunt in faetidis4  #afih4            
,misericordia etiam quae tristitia      
quaedam est1 saepe miserantis corpus    

male afficit ,agrippa4 l4 #a4 cap4 #fc4 
#afii4 ,insitum mortalibus a natura     
recentem aliorem felicitatem aegris     
oculis intueri1 hist4 l4 #b4 ,tacit4    
#agjj4 ,legi ,chaldaeos1 ,graecos1      
,hebraeos1 consului sapientes pro       
remedio invidiae1 hoc enim inveni1      
renunciare felicitati1 et perpetuo miser
 esse4  #agja4 ,omne peccatum aut       
excusationem secum habet1 aut           
voluptatem1 sola invidia utraque caret1 
reliqua vitia finem habent1 ira         
defervescit1 gula satiatur1 odium finem 
habet1 invidia nunquam quiescit4  #agjb4
 ,urebat me aemulatio propter stultos4  
#agjc4 ,hier4 #ab4a4  #agjd4 ,hab4 #a4  
#agje4 ,invidit privati nomen supra     
principis attolli4  #agjf4 ,tacit4      
,hist4 lib4 #b4 part4 #f4  #agjg4       
,periturae dolore et invidia1 si quem   
viderint ornatiorem se in publicum      
prodiisse4 ,platina dial4 amorum4       
#agjh4 ,ant4 ,guianerius1 lib4 #b4 cap4 
#h4 vim4 ,m4 ,aurelii faemina vicinam   
elegantius se vestitam videns1 leaenae  

instar in virum insurgit1 c4  #agji4    
,quod insigni equo et ostro veheretur1  
quanquam nullius cum injuria1 ornatum   
illum tanquam laesae gravabantur4       
#agaj4 ,quod pulchritudine omnes        
excelleret1 puellae indignatae          
occiderunt4  #agaa4 ,late patet invidiae
 foecundae pernities1 et livor radix    
omnium malorum1 fons cladium1 inde odium
 surgit emulatio ,cyprian1 ser4 #b4 de  
,livore4  #agab4 ,valerius1 l4 #c4 cap4 
#i4  #agac4 ,qualis est animi tinea1    
quae tabes pectoris zelare in altero vel
 aliorum felicitatem suam facere        
miseriam1 et velut quosdam pectori suo  
admovere carnifices1 cogitationibus et  
sensibus suis adhibere tortores1 qui se 
intestinis cruciatibus lacerent4 ,non   
cibus talibus laetus1 non potus potest  
esse jucundus2 suspiratur semper et     
gemitur1 et doletur dies et noctes1     
pectus sine intermissione laceratur4    
#agad4 ,quisquis est ille quem          
aemularis1 cui invides is te            
subterfugere potest1 at tu non te       

ubicunque fugeris adversarius tuus tecum
 est1 hostis tuus semper in pectore tuo 
est1 pernicies intus inclusa1 ligatus   
es1 victus1 zelo dominante captivus3 nec
 solatia tibi ulla subveniunt2 hinc     
diabolus inter initia statim mundi1 et  
periit primus1 et perdidit1 ,cyprian1   
ser4 #b4 de zelo et livore4  #agae4     
,hesiod op dies4  #agaf4 ,rama cupida   
aequandi bovem1 se distendebat1 c4      
#agag4 alit ingenia3 ,paterculus poster4
 ,vol4  #agah4 ,grotius ,epig4 lib4 #a4 
,ambition always is a foolish           
confidence1 never a slothful arrogance4 
#agai4 ,anno #aeai4 between ,ardes and  
,quine4  #agbj4 ,spartian4  #agba4      
,plutarch4  #agbb4 ,johannes ,heraldus1 
l4 #b4 c4 #ab4 de bello sac4  #agbc4    
,nulla dies tantum poterit lenire       
furorem4 ,aeterna bella pace sublata    
gerunt4 ,jurat odium1 nec ante invisum  
esse desinit1 quam esse desiit4         
,paterculus1 vol4 #a4  #agbd4 ,ita      
saevit haec stygia ministra ut urbes    
subvertat aliquando1 deleat populos1    

provincias alioqui florentes redigat in 
solitudines1 mortales vero miseros in   
profunda miseriarum valle miserabiliter 
immergat4  #agbe4 ,carthago aemula      
,romani imperii funditus interiit4      
,salust4 ,catil4  #agbf4 ,paul #c4 ,col4
  #agbg4 ,rom4 #ab4  #agbh4 ,grad4 ,i4  
c4 #ed4  #agbi4 ,ira et in moeror et    
ingens animi consternatio melancholicos 
facit4 ,areteus4 ,ira ,immodica gignit  
insaniam4  #agcj4 ,reg4 sanit4 parte #b4
 c4 #h4 in apertam insaniam mox duciter 
iratus4  #agca4 ,gilberto ,cognato      
interprete4 ,multis1 et praesertim      
senibus ira impotens insaniam fecit1 et 
importuna calumnia1 haec initio         
perturbat animum1 paulatim vergit ad    
insaniam4 ,porro mulierum corpora multa 
infestant1 et in hunc morbum adducunt1  
praecipue si que oderint aut invideant1 
c4 haec paulatim in insaniam tandem     
evadunt4  #agcb4 ,saeva animi tempestas 
tantos excitans1 fluctus ut statim      
ardescant oculi os tremat1 lingua       
titubet1 dentes concrepant1 c4  #agcc4  

,ovid4  #agcd4 ,terence4  #agce4        
,infensus ,britanniae ,duci1 et in      
ultionem versus1 nec cibum cepit1 nec   
quietem1 ad ,calendas ,julias #acib4    
comites occidit4  #agcf4 ,indignatione  
nimia furens1 animique impotens1 exiliit
 de lecto1 furentem non capiebat aula1  
c4  #agcg4 ,an ira possit hominem       
interimere4  #agch4 ,abernethy4  #agci4 
,as ,troy1 saevae memorem ,hunonis ob   
iram4  #agdj4 ,stultorum regum et       
populorum continet astus4  #agda4 ,lib4 
#b4 ,invidia est dolor et ambitio est   
dolor1 c4  #agdb4 ,insomnes ,claudianus4
 ,tristes1 ,virg4 ,mordaces1 ,luc4      
,edaces1 ,hor4 moestae1 amarae1 ,ovid   
damnosae1 inquietae1 ,mart4 ,urentes1   
,rodentes4 ,mant4 c4  #agdc4 ,galen1 l4 
#c4 c4 #g4 de locis affectis1 homines   
sunt maxime melancholici1 quando        
vigiliis multis1 et solicitudinibus1 et 
laboribus1 et curis fuerint circumventi4
  #agdd4 ,lucian4 ,podag4  #agde4 ,omnia
 imperfecta1 confusa1 et perturbatione  
plena1 ,cardan4  #agdf4 ,lib4 #g4 nat4  

hist1 cap4 #a4 hominem nudum1 et ad     
vagitum edit1 natura4 ,flens ab initio1 
devinctus jacet1 c4  #agdg4 7,greek3    
,dakru cheon genemin1 kai dakrutas      
epithukoko1 to genos anthropon          
poludakruton1 asthenes hoikzoun47       
,lachrymans natus sum1 et lachrymans    
morior1 c4  #agdh4 ,ad ,marinum4  #agdi4
 ,boethius4  #agej4 ,initium caecitas   
progressum labor1 exitum dolor1 error   
omnia3 quem tranquillum quaeso1 quem non
 laboriosum aut anxium diem egimus8     
,petrarch4  #agea4 ,ubique periculum1   
ubique dolor1 ubique naufragium1 in hoc 
ambitu quocunque me vertam4 ,lipsius4   
#ageb4 ,hom4 #aj4 ,si in forum iveris1  
ibi rixae1 et pugnae2 si in curiam1 ibi 
fraus1 adulatio3 si in domum privatam1  
c4  #agec4 ,homer4  #aged4 ,multis      
repletur homo miseriis1 corporis        
miseriis1 animi miseriis1 dum dormit1   
dum vigilat1 quocunque se vertit4       
,lususque rerum1 temporumque nascimur4  
#agee4 ,in blandiente fortuna           
intolerandi1 in calamitatibus lugubres1 

semper stulti et miseri1 ,cardan4       
#agef4 ,prospera in adversis desidero1  
et adversa prosperis timeo1 quis inter  
haec medius locus1 ubi non fit humanae  
vitae tentatio8  #ageg4 ,cardan4 consol4
 ,sapientiae ,labor annexus1 gloriae    
invidia1 divitiis curae1 soboli         
solicitudo1 voluptati morbi1 quieti     
paupertas1 ut quasi fruendoriun scelerum
 causa nasci hominem possis cum         
,platonistis agnoscere4  #ageh4 ,lib4   
#g4 cap4 #a4 ,non satis aestimare1 an   
melior parens natura homini1 an tristior
 noverca fuerit3 ,nulli fragilior vita1 
pavor1 confusio1 rabies major1 uni      
animantium ambitio data1 luctus1        
avaritia1 uni superstitio4  #agei4      
,euripides4 ,i perceive such an ocean of
 troubles before me1 that no means of   
escape remain4  #agfj4 ,de consol4 l4   
#b4 ,nemo facile cum conditione sua     
concordat1 inest singulis quod imperiti 
petant1 experti horreant4  #agfa4 ,esse 
in honore juvat1 mox displicet4  #agfb4 
,hor4  #agfc4 ,borrheus in #f4 ,job4    

,urbes et oppida nihil aliud sunt quam  
humanarum aerumnarum domicilia quibus   
luctus et moeror1 et mortalium varii    
infinitique labores1 et omnis generis   
vitia1 quasi septis includuntur4  #agfd4
 ,nat4 ,chytreus de lit4 ,europae4      
,laetus nunc1 mox tristis2 nunc sperans1
 paulo post diffidens2 patiens hodie1   
cras ejuians2 nunc pallens1 rubens1     
currens1 sedens1 claudicans2 tremens1 c4
  #agfe4 ,sua cuique calamitas          
praecipua4  #agff4 ,cn4 ,graecinus4     
#agfg4 ,epist4 #i4 l4 #g4 ,miser est qui
 se beatissimum non judicat1 licet      
imperet mundo non est beatus1 qui se non
 putat3 quid enim refert qualis status  
tuus sit1 si tibi videtur malus4  #agfh4
 ,hor4 ep4 #a4 l4 #d4  #agfi4 ,hor4     
,ser4 #a4 ,sat4 #a4  #aggj4 ,lib4 de    
curat4 graec4 affect4 cap4 #f4 de       
provident4 ,multis nihil placet atque   
adeo et divitias damnant1 et            
paupertatem1 de morbis expostulant1 bene
 valentes graviter ferunt1 atque ut     
semel dicam1 nihil eos delectat1 c4     

#agga4 ,vix ultius gentis1 aetatis1     
ordinis1 hominem invenies cujus         
felicitatem fortunae ,metelli compares1 
,vol4 #a4  #aggb4 ,p4 ,crassus          
,mutianus1 quinque habuisse dicitur     
rerum bonarum maxima1 quod esset        
ditissimus1 quod esset nobilissimus1    
eloquentissimus1 ,jurisconsultissimus1  
,pontifex maximus4  #aggc4 ,lib4 #g4    
,regis filia1 ,regis uxor1 ,regis mater4
  #aggd4 ,qui nihil unquam mali aut     
dixit1 aut fecit1 aut sensit1 qui bene  
semper fecit1 quod aliter facere non    
potuit4  #agge4 ,solomon4 ,eccles4 #a4  
#ad4  #aggf4 ,hor4 ,art4 ,poet4  #aggg4 
,jovius1 vita ejus4  #aggh4 #b ,sam4    
xii4 #ca4  #aggi4 ,boethius1 lib4 #a4   
,met4 ,met4 #a4  #aghj4 ,omnes hic aut  
captantur1 aut captant3 aut cadavera    
quae lacerantur1 aut corvi qui          
lacterant4 ,petron4  #agha4 ,homo omne  
monstrum est1 ille nam susperat feras1  
luposque et ursos pectore obscuro tegit4
 ,hens4  #aghb4 ,quod ,paterculus de    
populo ,romano durante bello ,punico per

 annos #aae1 aut bellum inter eos1 aut  
belli praeparatio1 aut infida pax1 idem 
ego de mundi accolis4  #aghc4           
,theocritus ,edyll4 #ae4  #aghd4 ,qui   
sedet in mensa1 non meminit sibi otioso 
ministrare negotiosos1 edenti           
esurientes1 bibenti sitientes1 c4       
#aghe4 ,quando in adolescentia sua ipsi 
vixerint1 lautius et liberius voluptates
 suas expleverint1 illi gnatis impenunt 
duriores continentiae leges4  #aghf4    
,lugubris ,ate luctuque fero ,regum     
tumidas obsidet arces4 ,res est inquieta
 felicitas4  #aghg4 ,plus aloes quam    
mellis habet4 ,non humi jacentem        
tolleres4 ,valer4 l4 #g4 c4 #c4  #aghh4 
,non diadema aspicias1 sed vitam        
afflictione refertam1 non catervas      
satellitum1 sed curarum multitudinem4   
#aghi4 ,as ,plutarch relateth4  #agij4  
,sect4 #b4 memb4 #d4 subsect4 #f4       
#agia4 ,stercus et urina1 medicorum     
fercula prima4  #agib4 ,nihil lucrantur1
 nisi admodum mentiendo4 ,tull4 ,offic4 
#agic4 ,hor4 l4 #b4 od4 #a4  #agid4     

,rarus felix idemque senex4 ,seneca in  
,her4 aeteo4  #agie4 ,omitto aegros1    
exules1 mendicos1 quos nemo audet       
felices dicere4 ,card4 lib4 #h4 c4 #df4 
de rer4 var4  #agif4 ,spretaeque injuria
 formae4  #agig4 ,hor4  #agih4          
,attenuant vigiles corpus miserabile    
curae4  #agii4 ,plautus4  #ahjj4 ,haec  
quae crines evellit1 aerumna4  #ahja4   
,optimum non nasci1 aut cito mori4      
#ahjb4 ,bonae si rectam rationem        
sequuntur1 malae si exorbitant4  #ahjc4 
,tho4 ,buovie4 ,prob4 #ah4  #ahjd4      
,molam asinariam4  #ahje4 ,tract4 de    
,inter4 c4 #ib4  #ahjf4 ,circa quamlibet
 rem mundi haec passio fieri potest1    
quae superflue diligatur4 ,tract4 #ae4  
c4 #ag4  #ahjg4 ,ferventius desiderium4 
#ahjh4 ,imprimis vero ,appetitus1 c4 #c4
 de alien4 ment4  #ahji4 ,conf4 l4 c4   
#bi4  #ahaj4 ,per diversa loca vagor1   
nullo temporis momento quiesco1 talis et
 talis esse cupio1 illud atque illud    
habere desidero4  #ahaa4 ,ambros4 l4 #c4
 super ,lucam4 aerugo animae4  #ahab4   

,nihil animum cruciat1 nihil molestius  
inquietat1 secretum virus1 pestis       
occulta1 c4 epist4 #abf4  #ahac4 ,ep4   
#hh4  #ahad4 ,nihil infelicius his1     
quantus iis timor1 quanta dubitatio1    
quantus conatus1 quanta solicitudo1     
nulla illis a molestiis vacua hora4     
#ahae4 ,semper attonitus1 semper pavidus
 quid dicat1 faciatve3 ne displiceat    
humilitatem simulat1 honestatem         
mentitur4  #ahaf4 ,cypr4 ,prolog4 ad    
ser4 ,to4 #b4 cunctos honorat1 universis
 inclinat1 subsequitur1 obsequitur1     
frequentat curias1 visitat1 optimates   
amplexatur1 applaudit1 adulatur3 per fas
 et nefas e latebris1 in omnem gradum   
ubi aditus patet se integrit1 discurrit4
  #ahag4 ,turbae cogit ambitio regem    
inservire1 ut ,homerus ,agamemnonmem    
querentem inducit4  #ahah4 ,plutarchus4 
,quin convivemur1 et in otio nos        
oblectemur1 quoniam in promptu id nobis 
sit1 c4  #ahai4 ,jovius hist4 l4 #a4 vir
 singulari prudentia1 sed profunda      
ambitione1 ad exitium ,italae natus4    

#ahbj4 ,ut hedera arbori adhaeret1 sic  
ambitio1 c4  #ahba4 ,lib4 #c4 de        
contemptu rerum fortuitarum4 ,magno     
conatu et impetu moventur1 super eodem  
centro rotati1 non proficiunt1 nec ad   
finem perveniunt4  #ahbb4 ,vita ,pyrrhi4
  #ahbc4 ,ambitio in insaniam facile    
delabitur1 si excedat4 ,patritius1 l4   
#d4 tit4 #bj4 de regis instit4  #ahbd4  
,lib4 #e4 de rep4 cap4 #a4  #ahbe4      
,imprimis vero appetitus1 seu           
concupiscentia nimia rei alicujus1      
honestae vel inhonestae1 phantasiam     
laedunt2 unde multi ambitiosi1 philauti1
 irati1 avari1 insani1 c4 ,felix        
,plater1 l4 #c4 de mentis alien4  #ahbf4
 ,aulica vita colluvies ambitionis1     
cupiditatis1 simulationis1 imposturae1  
fraudis1 invidiae1 superbiae ,titannicae
 diversorium aula1 et commune           
conventiculum assentandi artificum1 c4  
,budaeus de asse4 lib4 #e4  #ahbg4 ,in  
his ,aphor4  #ahbh4 ,plautus ,curcul4   
,act4 #d4 ,sce4 #a4  #ahbi4 ,tom4 #b4   
,si examines1 omnes miseriae causas vel 

a furioso contendendi studio1 vel ab    
injusta cupiditate1 origine traxisse    
scies4 ,idem fere ,chrysostomus com4 in 
c4 #f4 ad ,roman4 ser4 #aa4  #ahcj4     
,cap4 #d4 #a4  #ahca4 ,ut sit iniquus in
 deum1 in proximum1 in seipsum4  #ahcb4 
,si vero1 ,crateva1 inter caeteras      
herbarum radices1 avaritiae radicem     
secare posses amaram1 ut nullae         
reliquiae essent1 probe scito1 c4       
#ahcc4 ,cap4 #f4 ,dietae salutis3       
avaritia est amor immoderatus pecuniae  
vel acquirendae1 vel retinendae4  #ahcd4
 ,ferum profecto dirumque ulcus animi1  
remediis non cedens medendo exasperatur4
  #ahce4 ,malus est morbus maleque      
afficit avaritia siquidem censeo1 c4    
avaritia difficilius curatur quam       
insania3 quoniam hac omnes fere medici  
laborant4 ,hib4 ep4 ,abderit4  #ahcf4   
,qua re non es lassus8 lucrum faciendo3 
quid maxime delectabile8 lucrari4       
#ahcg4 ,extremos currit mercator ad     
,indos4 ,hor4  #ahch4 ,hom4 #b4 aliud   
avarus aliud dives4  #ahci4 ,divitiae ut

 spinae animum hominis timoribus1       
solicitudinibus1 angoribus mirifice     
pungunt1 vexant1 cruciant4 ,greg4 in    
hom4  #ahdj4 ,epist4 ad ,donat4 cap4 #b4
  #ahda4 ,lib4 #i4 ep4 #cj4  #ahdb4     
,lib4 #i4 cap4 #d4 insulae rex titulo1  
sed animopecuniae miserabile mancipium4 
#ahdc4 ,hor4 #aj4 lib4 #a4  #ahdd4      
,danda est hellebori multo pars maxima  
avaris4  #ahde4 ,luke4 xii4 #bj4        
,stulte1 hac nocte eripiam animam tuam4 
#ahdf4 ,opes quidem mortalibus sunt     
dementia ,theog4  #ahdg4 ,ed4 #b4 lib4  
#b4 ,exonerare cum se possit et relevare
 ponderibus pergit magis fortunis       
augentibus pertinaciter incubare4       
#ahdh4 ,non amicis1 non liberis1 non    
ipsi sibi quidquam impertit1 possidet ad
 hoc tantum1 ne possidere alteri liceat1
 c4 ,hieron4 ad ,paulin4 tam deest quod 
habet quam quod non habet4  #ahdi4      
,epist4 #b4 lib4 #b4 ,suspirat in       
convivio1 bibat licet gemmis et toro    
molliore marcidum corpus condiderit1    
vigilat in pluma4  #ahej4 ,angustatur ex

 abundantia1 contristatur ex opulentia1 
infelix praesentibus bonis1 infelicior  
in futuris4  #ahea4 ,illorum cogitatio  
nunquam cessat qui pecunias supplere    
diligunt4 ,guianer4 tract4 #ae4 c4 #ag4 
#aheb4 ,hor4 #c4 ,od4 #bd4 ,quo plus    
sunt potae1 plus sitiunter aquae4       
#ahec4 ,hor4 l4 #b4 ,sat4 #f4 ,o si     
angulus ille proximus accedat1 qui nunc 
deformat agellum4  #ahed4 ,lib4 #c4 de  
lib4 arbit4 ,immoritur studiis1 et amore
 senescit habendi4  #ahee4 ,avarus vir  
inferno est similis1 c4 modum non habet1
 hoc egentior quo plura habet4  #ahef4  
,erasm4 ,adag4 chil4 #c4 cent4 #g4 pro4 
#gb ,nulli fidentes omnium formidant    
opes1 ideo pavidum malum vocat          
,euripides3 metuunt tempestates ob      
frumentum1 amicos ne rogent1 inimicos ne
 laedant1 fures ne rapiant1 bellum      
timent1 pacem timent1 summos1 medios1   
infinos4  #aheg4 ,hall ,char4  #aheh4   
,agellius1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #a4 interdum eo
 sceleris perveniunt ob lucrum1 ut vitam
 propriam commutent4  #ahei4 ,lib4 #g4  

cap4 #f4  #ahfj4 ,omnes perpetuo morbo  
agitantur1 suspicatur omnes timidus     
sibique ob aurum insidiari putat1       
nunquam quiescens1 ,plin4 ,prooem4 lib4 
#ad4  #ahfa4 ,cap4 #ah4 in lecto jacens 
interrogat uxorem an arcam probe        
clausit1 an capsula1 c4 ,e lecto surgens
 nudus et absque calceis1 accensa       
lucerna omnia obiens et lustrans1 et vix
 somno indulgens4  #ahfb4 ,curis        
extenuatus1 vigilans et secum supputans4
  #ahfc4 ,cave quenquam alienum in aedes
 intromiseris4 ,ignem extinqui volo1 ne 
causae quidquam sit quod te quisquam    
quaeritet4 ,si bona fortuna veniat ne   
intromiseris2 ,occlude sis fores ambobus
 pessulis4 ,discrutior animi quia domo  
abeundum est mihi3 ,nimis hercule       
invitus abeo1 nec quid agam scio4       
#ahfd4 ,ploras aquam profundere1 c4     
periit dum fumus de tigillo exit foras4 
#ahfe4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #ad4  #ahff4         
,ventrocosus1 nudus1 pallidus1 laeva    
pudorem occultans1 dextra siepsum       
strangulans1 occurit autem exeunti      

poenitentia his miserum conficiens1 c4  
#ahfg4 ,luke ,,xv4  #ahfh4 ,boethius4   
#ahfi4 ,in ,oeconom4 ,quid si nunc      
ostendam eos qui magna vi argenti domus 
inutiles aedificant1 inquit ,socrates4  
#ahgj4 ,sarisburiensis ,polycrat4 l4 #a4
 c4 #ad4 venatores omnes adhuc          
institutionem redolent centaurorum4     
,raro invenitur quisquam eorum modestus 
et gravis1 raro continens1 et ut credo  
sobrius unquam4  #ahga4 ,pancirol4 ,tit4
 #bc4 avolant opes cum accipitre4       
#ahgb4 ,insignis venatorum stultitia1 et
 supervacania cura eorum1 qui dum nimium
 venationi insistunt1 ipsi abjecta omni 
humanitate in feras degenerant1 ut      
,acteon1 c4  #ahgc4 ,sabin4 in ,ovid4   
,metamor4  #ahgd4 ,agrippa de vanit4    
scient4 ,insanum venandi studium1 dum a 
novalibus arcentur agricolae subtrahunt 
praedia rusticis1 agricolonis           
praecluduntur sylvae et prata pastoribus
 ut augeantur pascua feris4--,majestatis
 reus agricola si gustarit4  #ahge4 ,a  
novalibus suis arcentur agricolae1 dum  

ferae habeant vagandi libertatem3 istis1
 ut pascua augeantur1 praedia           
subtrahuntur1 c4 ,sarisburiensis4       
#ahgf4 ,feris quam hominibus aequiores4 
,cambd4 de ,guil4 ,conq4 qui #cf        
,ecclesias matrices depopulatus est ad  
forestam novam4 ,mat4 ,paris4  #ahgg4   
,tom4 #b4 de vitis illustrium1 l4 #d4 de
 vit4 ,leon4 #aj4  #ahgh4 ,venationibus 
adeo perdite studebat et aucupiis4      
#ahgi4 ,aut infeliciter venatus tam     
impatiens inde1 ut summos saepe viros   
acerbissimis contumeliis oneraret1 et   
incredibile est quali vultus animique   
habitu dolorem iracundiamque praeferret1
 c4  #ahhj4 ,unicuique autem hoc a      
natura insitum est1 ut doleat sicubi    
erraverit aut deceptus sit4  #ahha4     
,juven4 ,sat4 #h4 ,nec enim loculis     
comitan tibus itur1 ad casum tabulae1   
posita sed luditur arca ,leinnius       
instit4 ca4 #dd4 mendaciorum quidem1 et 
perjuriorum et paupertatis mater est    
alea1 nullam habens patrimonii          
reverentiam1 quum illud effuderit1      

sensim in furta delabitur et rapinas4   
,saris1 polycrat4 l4 #a4 c4 #e4  #ahhb4 
,damhoderus4  #ahhc4 ,dan4 ,souter4     
#ahhd4 ,petrar4 dial4 #bg4  #ahhe4      
,salust4  #ahhf4 ,tom4 #c ,ser4 de      
,allea4  #ahhg4 ,plutus in ,aristop4    
calls all such gamesters madmen4 ,si in 
insanum hominem contigero4 ,spontaneum  
ad se trahunt furorem1 et os1 et nares  
et oculos rivos faciunt furoris et      
diversoria1 ,chrys4 hom4 #ag4  #ahhh4   
,pascasius ,justus l4 #a4 de alea4      
#ahhi4 ,seneca4  #ahij4 ,hall4  #ahia4  
,in ,sat4 #aa4 ,sed deficiente crumena3 
et crescente gula1 quis te manet        
exitus--rebus in ventrem mersis4  #ahib4
 ,spartian4 ,adriano4  #ahic4 ,alex4 ab4
 ,alex4 lib4 #f4 c4 #aj4 ,idem          
,gerbelius1 lib4 #e4 ,grae4 disc4       
#ahid4 ,fines ,moris4  #ahie4 ,justinian
 in ,digestis4  #ahif4 ,persius ,sat4   
#e4 ,one indulges in wine1 another the  
die consumes1 a third is decomposed by  
venery4  #ahig4 ,poculum quasi sinus in 
quo saepe naufragium faciunt1 jactura   

tum pecuniae tum mentis ,erasm4 in      
,prov4 calicum remiges4 chil4 #d4 cent4 
#g4 ,pro4 #da4  #ahih4 ,ser4 #cc4 ad    
frat4 in ,eremo4  #ahii4 ,liberae unius 
horae insaniam aeterno temporis taedio  
pensant4  #aijj4 ,menander4  #aija4     
,prov4 #e4  #aijb4 ,merlin1 cocc4 ,that 
momentary pleasure blots out the eternal
 glory of a heavenly life44  #aijc4     
,hor4  #aijd4 ,sagitta quae animam      
penetrat1 leviter penetrat1 sed non leve
 infligit vulnus sup4 cant4  #aije4 ,qui
 omnem pecuniarum contemptum habent1 et 
nulli imaginationis totius munsi se     
immiscuerint1 et tyrannicas corporis    
concupiscentias sustinuerint hi         
multoties capti a vana gloria omnia     
perdiderunt4  #aijf4 ,hac correpti non  
cogitant de medela4  #aijg4 ,dii talem a
 terris avertite pestem4  #aijh4 ,ep ad 
,eustochium1 de custod4 virgin4  #aiji4 
,lyps4 ,ep4 ad ,bonciarium4  #aiaj4 ,ep4
 lib4 #i4 ,omnia tua scripta pulcherrima
 existimo1 maxime tamen illa1 quae de   
nobis4  #aiaa4 ,exprimere non possum    

quam sit jucundum1 c4  #aiab4 ,hierom4  
et licet nos indignos dicimus et calidus
 rubor ora perfundat1 attamen ad laudem 
suam intrinsecus animae laetantur4      
#aiac4 ,thesaur4 ,theo4  #aiad4 ,nec    
enim mihi cornea fibra est4 ,per4       
#aiae4 ,e manibus illis1 ,nascentur     
violae4 ,pers4 #a4 ,sat4  #aiaf4 ,omnia 
enim nostra1 supra modum placent4       
#aiag4 ,fab4 l4 #aj4 c4 #c4 ,ridentur   
mala componunt carmina1 verum gaudent   
scribentes1 et se venerantur1 et ultra4 
,si taceas laudant1 quicquid scripsere  
beati4 ,hor4 ep4 #b4 l4 #b4  #aiah4     
,luke xviii4 #aj4  #aiai4 ,de meliore   
luto finxit praecordia ,titan4  #aibj4  
,auson4 sap4 ,chil4 #c4 cent4 #aj4 pro4 
#ig4  #aiba4 ,qui se crederet neminem   
ulla u re praestantiorem4  #aibb4 ,tanto
 fastu scripsit1 ut ,alexandri gesta    
inferiora scriptis suis existimaret1    
,io4 ,vossius lib4 #a4 cap4 #i4 de hist4
  #aibc4 ,plutarch4 vie4 ,catonis4      
#aibd4 ,nemo unquam ,poeta aut ,orator1 
qui quenquam se meliorem arbitraretur4  

#aibe4 ,consol4 ad ,pammachium mundi    
,philosophus1 gloriae animal1 et        
popularis aurae et rumorum venale       
mancipium4  #aibf4 ,epist4 #e4 ,capitoni
 suo ,diebus ac noctibus1 hoc solum     
cogito si qua me possum levare humo4 ,id
 voto meo sufficit1 c4  #aibg4 ,tullius4
  #aibh4 ,ut nomen meum scriptis1 tuis  
illustretur4 ,inquies animus studio     
aeternitatis1 noctes et dies angebatur4 
,hensius forat4 uneb4 de ,scal4  #aibi4 
,hor4 art4 ,poet4  #aicj4 ,od4 ,vit4 l4 
#c4 ,jamque opus exegi4 ,vade liber     
felix ,palingen4 lib4 #ah4  #aica4 ,in  
lib4 #h4  #aicb4 ,de ponte dejicere4    
#aicc4 ,sueton4 lib4 degram4  #aicd4    
,nihil libenter audiunt1 nisi laudes    
suas4  #aice4 ,epis4 #ef4 ,nihil aliud  
dies noctesque cogitant nisi ut in      
studiis suis laudentur ab hominibus4    
#aicf4 ,quae major dementia aut dici1   
aut excogitari potest1 quam sic ob      
gloriam cruciari8 ,insaniam istam domine
 longe fac a me4 ,austin4 cons4 lib4    
#aj4 cap4 #cg4  #aicg4 ,as ,camelus in  

the novel1 who lost his ears while he   
was looking for a pair of horns4  #aich4
 ,mart4 l4 #e4 #ea4  #aici4 ,hor4 ,sat4 
#a4 l4 #b4  #aidj4 ,lib4 cont4 ,philos4 
cap4 #a4  #aida4 ,tul4 som4 ,scip4      
#aidb4 ,boethius4  #aidc4 ,putean4      
,cisalp4 hist4 lib4 #a4  #aidd4         
,plutarch4 ,lycurgo4  #aide4 ,epist4    
#ac4 ,illud te admoneo1 ne eorum more   
facias1 qui non proficere1 sed conspici 
cupiunt1 quae in habitu tuo1 aut genere 
vitae notabilia sunt4 ,asperum cultum et
 vitiosum caput1 negligentiorem barbam1 
indictum argento odium1 cubile humi     
positum1 et quicquid ad laudem perversa 
via sequitur evita4  #aidf4 ,per4       
#aidg4 ,quis vero tam bene modulo suo   
metiri se novit1 ut eum assiduae et     
immodicae laudationes non moveant8 ,hen4
 ,steph4  #aidh4 ,mart4  #aidi4 ,stroza4
 ,if you will accept divine honours1 we 
will willingly erect and consecrate     
altars to you4  #aiej4 ,justin4  #aiea4 
,livius4 ,gloria tantum elatus1 non ira1
 in medios hostes irruere1 quod         

completis muris conspici se pugnantem1 a
 muro spectantibus1 egregium ducebat4   
#aieb4 ,applauded virtue grows apace1   
and glory includes within it an immense 
impulse4  #aiec4 ,i demens1 et suevas   
curre per ,alpes1 ,aude ,aliquid1 c4 ut 
pueris placeas1 et declamatio fias4     
,juv4 ,sat4 #aj4  #aied4 ,in moriae     
,encom4  #aiee4 ,juvenal4 ,sat4 #d4     
#aief4 ,there is nothing which          
overlauded power will not presume to    
imagine of itself4  #aieg4 ,sueton4 c4  
#ab4 in ,domitiano4  #aieh4 ,brisonius4 
#aiei4 ,antonius ab assentatoribus      
evectus ,librum se patrem apellari      
jussit1 et pro deo se venditavit        
redimitus hedera1 et corona velatus     
aurea1 et thyrsum tenens1 cothurnisque  
succinctus curru velut ,liber pater     
vectus est ,alexandriae4 ,pater4 vol4   
post4  #aifj4 ,minervae nuptias ambit1  
tanto furore percitus1 ut satellites    
mitteret ad videndum num dea in thalamis
 venisset1 c4  #aifa4 ,aelian4 li4 #ab4 
#aifb4 ,de mentis alienat4 cap4 #c4     

#aifc4 ,sequiturque superbia formam4    
,livius li4 #aa4 ,oraculum est1 vivida  
saepe ingenia1 luxuriare hac et         
evanescere multosque sensum penitus     
amisisse4 ,homines intuentur1 ac si ipsi
 non essent homines4  #aifd4 ,galeus de 
rubeis1 civis noster faber ferrarius1 ob
 inventionem instrumenti ,cocleae olim  
,archimedis dicti1 prae laetitia        
insanivit4  #aife4 ,insania postmodum   
correptus1 ob nimiam inde arrogantiam4  
#aiff4 ,bene ferre magnam disce fortunam
 ,hor4 ,fortunam reverenter habe1       
quicunque repente ,dives ab exili       
progrediere loco4 ,ausonius4  #aifg4    
,processit squalidus et submissus1 ut   
hesterni ,diei gaudium intemperans hodie
 castigaret4  #aifh4 ,uxor ,hen4 #h4    
#aifi4 ,neutrius se fortunae extremum   
libenter experturam dixit3 sed si       
necessitas alterius subinde imponeretur1
 optare se difficilem et adversam3 quod 
in hac nulli unquam defuit solatium1 in 
altera multis consilium1 c4 ,lod4       
,vives4  #aigj4 ,peculiaris furor1 qui  

ex literis fit4  #aiga4 ,nihil magis    
auget1 ac assidua studia1 et profundae  
cogitationes4  #aigb4 ,non desunt1 qui  
ex jugi studio1 et intempestiva         
lucubratione1 huc devenerunt1 hi prae   
caeteris enim plerunque melancholia     
solent infestari4  #aigc4 ,study is a   
continual and earnest meditation1       
applied to something with great desire4 
,tully4  #aigd4 ,et illi qui sunt       
subtilis ingenii1 et multae             
praemeditationis1 de facili incidunt in 
melancholiam4  #aige4 ,ob studiorum     
solicitudinem lib4 #e4 ,tit4 #e4  #aigf4
 ,gaspar ,ens ,thesaur ,polit4          
,apoteles4 #ca4 ,graecis hanc pestem    
relinquite quae dubium non est1 quin    
brevi omnem iis vigorem ereptura        
,martiosque spiritus exhaustura sit2 ,ut
 ad arma tractanda plane inhabiles      
futuri sint4  #aigg4 ,knoles ,turk4     
,hist4  #aigh4 ,acts1 xxvi4 #bd4  #aigi4
 ,nimiis studiis melancholicus evasit1  
dicens se ,biblium in capite habere4    
#aihj4 ,cur melancholia assidua1        

crebrisque deliramentis vexentur eorum  
animi ut desipere cogantur4  #aiha4     
,solers quilibet artifex instrumenta sua
 diligentissime curat1 penicellos       
pictor2 malleos incudesque faber        
ferrarius2 miles equos1 arma venator1   
auceps aves1 et canes1 ,cytharam        
,cytharaedus1 c4 soli musarum mystae tam
 negligentes sunt1 ut instrumentum illud
 quo mundum universum metiri solent1    
spiritum scilicet1 penitus negligere    
videantur4  #aihb4 ,arcus et arma tibi  
non sunt imitanda ,dianae4 ,si nunquam  
cesses tendere mollis erit4 ,ovid4      
#aihc4 ,ephemer4  #aihd4 ,contemplatio  
cerebrum exsiccat et extinguit calorem  
naturalem1 unde cerebrum frigidum et    
siccum evadit quod est melancholicum4   
,accedit ad hoc1 quod natura in         
contemplatione1 cerebro prorsus cordique
 intenta1 stomachum heparque destituit1 
unde ex alimentis male coctis1 sanguis  
crassus et niger efficitur1 dum nimio   
otio membrorum superflui vapores non    
exhalant4  #aihe4 ,cerebrum exsiccatur1 

corpora sensim gracilescunt4  #aihf4    
,studiosi sunt ,cacectici et nunquam    
bene colorati1 propter debilitatem      
digestivae facultatis1 multiplicantur in
 iis superfluitates4 ,jo4 ,voschius     
parte #b4 cap4 #e4 de peste4  #aihg4    
,nullus mihi per otium dies exit1 partem
 noctis studiis dedico1 non vero somno1 
sed oculos vigilia fatigatos            
cadentesque1 in operam detineo4  #aihh4 
,johannes ,hanuschias ,bohemus4 nat4    
#aeaf4 eruditus vir1 nimiis studiis in  
,phrenesin incidit4 ,montanus instances 
in a ,frenchman of ,tolosa4  #aihi4     
,cardinalis ,caecius2 ob laborem1       
vigiliam1 et diuturna studia factus     
,melancholicus4  #aiij4 ,perls4 ,sat4   
#c4 ,they cannot fiddle2 but1 as        
,themistocles said1 he could make a     
small town become a great city4  #aiia4 
,perls4 ,sat4  #aiib4 ,ingenium sibi    
quod vanas desumpsit ,athenas et septem 
studiis annos dedit1 insenuitque4       
,libris et curis statua taciturnius     
exit1 ,plerunque et risu populum quatit1

 ,hor4 ep4 #a4 lib4 #b4  #aiic4         
,translated by ,m4 ,b4 ,holiday4  #aiid4
 ,thomas rubore confusus dixit se de    
argumento cogitasse4  #aiie4 ,plutarch4 
vita ,marcelli1 ,nec sensit urbem       
captam1 nec milites in domum irruentes1 
adeo intentus studiis1 c4  #aiif4 ,sub  
,furiae larva circumivit urbem1         
dictitans se exploratorem ab inferis    
venisse1 delaturum daemonibus mortalium 
pecata4  #aiig4 ,petronius4 ,ego        
arbitror in scholis stultissimos fieri1 
quia nihil eorum quae in usu habemus aut
 audiunt aut vident4  #aiih4 ,novi meis 
diebus1 plerosque studiis literarum     
deditos1 qui disciplinis admodum        
abundabant1 sed si nihil civilitatis    
habent1 nec rem publ4 nec domesticam    
regere norant4 ,stupuit ,paglarensis et 
furti vilicum accusavit1 qui suem foetam
 undecim pocellos1 asinam unum duntaxat 
pullam enixam retulerat4  #aiii4 ,lib4  
#a4 ,epist4 #c4 ,adhuc scholasticus     
tantum est2 quo genere hominum1 nihil   
aut est simplicius1 aut sincerius aut   

melius4  #bjjj4 ,jure privilegiandi1 qui
 ob commune bonum abbreviant sibi vitam4
  #bjja4 ,virg4 #f4 ,aen4  #bjjb4       
,plutarch1 vita ejus4 ,certum           
agricolationis lucrum1 c4  #bjjc4       
,quotannis fiunt consules et            
proconsules4 ,rex et ,poeta quotannis   
non nascitur4  #bjjd4 ,mat4 #ba4  #bjje4
 ,hor4 epis4 #bj4 l4 #a4  #bjjf4 ,lib   
#a4 de contem4 amor4  #bjjg4 ,satyricon4
  #bjjh4 ,juv1 ,sat4 #e4  #bjji4 ,ars   
colit astra4  #bjaj4 ,aldrovandus de    
,avibus4 l4 #ab4 ,gesner1 c4  #bjaa4    
,literas habent queis sibi et fortunae  
suae maledicant4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #bjab4  
,lib4 de libris ,propriis fol4 #bd4     
#bjac4 ,praefat translat4 ,plutarch4    
#bjad4 ,polit4 disput4 laudibus         
extollunt eos ac si virtutibus pollerent
 quos ob infinita scelera potius        
vituperare oporteret4  #bjae4 ,or as    
horses know not their strength1 they    
consider not their own worth4  #bjaf4   
,plura ex ,simonidis familiaritate      
,hieron consequutus est1 quam ex        

,hieronis ,simonides4  #bjag4 ,hor4 lib4
 #d4 od4 #i4  #bjah4 ,inter inertes et  
,plebeios fere jacet1 ultimum locum     
habens1 nisi tot artis virtutisque      
insignia1 turpiter1 obnoxie1            
supparisitando fascibus subjecerit      
protervae insolentisque potentiae1 ,lib4
 ,i4 de contempt4 rerum fortuitarum4    
#bjai4 ,buchanan4 eleg4 lib4  #bjbj4 ,in
 ,satyricon4 intrat senex1 sed culta non
 ita speciosus1 ut facile appararet eum 
hac nota literatum esse1 quos divites   
odisse solent4 ,ego inquit ,poeta sum3  
,quare ergo tam male vestitus es8       
,propter hoc ipsum2 amor ingenii neminem
 unquam divitem fecit4  #bjba4          
,petronius ,arbiter4  #bjbb4 ,oppressus 
paupertate animus nihil eximium1 aut    
sublime cogitare potest1 amoenitates    
literarum1 aut elegantiam1 quoniam nihil
 praesidii in his ad vitae commodum     
videt1 primo negligere1 mox odisse      
incipit4 ,hens4  #bjbc4 ,epistol4       
quaest4 lib4 #d4 ,ep4 #ba4  #bjbd4      
,ciceron4 dial4 lib4 #b4  #bjbe4 ,epist4

 lib4 #b4  #bjbf4 ,ja4 ,dousa ,epodon4  
lib4 #b4 car4 #b4  #bjbg4 ,plautus4     
#bjbh4 ,barc4 ,argenis lib4 #c4  #bjbi4 
,joh4 ,howson #d ,novembris #aeig4 the  
sermon was printed by ,arnold           
,hartfield4  #bjcj4 ,pers4 ,sat4 #c4    
#bjca4 ,e lecto exsilientes1 ad subitum 
tintinnabuli plausum quasi fulmine      
territi4 ,i4  #bjcb4 ,mart4  #bjcc4     
,mart4  #bjcd4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #bjce4    
,lib4 #c4 de cons4  #bjcf4 ,i had no    
money1 ,i wanted impudence1 ,i could not
 scramble1 temporise1 dissemble3 non    
pranderet olus1 c4 vis dicam1 ad        
palpandum et adulandum penitus insulsus1
 recudi non possum1 jam senior ut sim   
talis1 et fingi nolo1 utcunque male     
cedat in rem meam et obscurus inde      
delitescam4  #bjcg4 ,vit4 ,crassi4 nec  
facile judicare potest utrum pauperior  
cum primo ad ,crassum1 c4  #bjch4 ,deum 
habent iratum1 sibique mortem aeternam  
acquirunt1 aliis miserabilem ruinam4    
,serrarius in ,josuam1 #g4 ,euripides4  
#bjci4 ,nicephorus lib4 #aj4 cap4 #e4   

#bjdj4 ,lord ,cook1 in his ,reports1    
second part1 fol4 #dd4  #bjda4          
,euripides4  #bjdb4 ,sir ,henry         
,spelman1 de non temerandis ,ecclesiis4 
#bjdc4 #a ,tim4 #db4  #bjdd4 ,hor4      
#bjde4 ,primum locum apud omnes gentes  
habet patritius deorum cultus1 et       
geniorum1 nam hunc diutissime           
custodiunt1 tam ,graeci quam ,barbari1  
c4  #bjdf4 ,tom4 #a4 de steril4 trium   
annorum sub ,elia sermone4  #bjdg4      
,ovid4 ,fast4  #bjdh4 ,de male quaesitis
 vix gaudet tertius haeres4  #bjdi4     
,strabo4 lib4 #d4 ,geog4  #bjej4 ,nihil 
facilius opes evertet1 quam avaritia et 
fraude parta4 ,et si enim seram addas   
tali arcae et exteriore janua et vecte  
eam communias1 intus tamen fraudem et   
avaritiam1 c4 ,in #e4 ,corinth4  #bjea4 
,acad4 cap4 #g4  #bjeb4 ,ars neminem    
habet inimicum praeter ignorantem4      
#bjec4 ,he that cannot dissemble cannot 
live4  #bjed4 ,epist4 quest4 lib4 #d4   
epist4 #ba4 ,lipsius4  #bjee4 ,dr4      
,king1 in his last lecture on ,jonah1   

sometime right reverend lord bishop of  
,london4  #bjef4 ,quibus opes et otium1 
hi barbaro fastu literas contemnunt4    
#bjeg4 ,lucan4 lib4 #h4  #bjeh4         
,spartian4 ,soliciti de rebus minis4    
#bjei4 ,nicet4 #a4 ,anal4 ,fumis        
lucubrationum sordebant4  #bjfj4        
,grammaticis olim et dialecticis        
,jurisque ,professoribus1 qui specimen  
eruditionis dedissent eadem dignitatis  
insignia decreverunt ,imperatores1      
quibus ornabant heroas4 ,erasm4 ep4 ,jo4
 ,fabio epis4 ,vien4  #bjfa4 ,probus vir
 et ,philosophus magis praestat inter   
alios homines1 quam rex inclitus inter  
plebeios4  #bjfb4 ,heinsius praefat4    
,poematum4  #bjfc4 ,servile nomen       
,scholaris jam4  #bjfd4 ,seneca4  #bjfe4
 ,haud facile emergunt1 c4  #bjff4      
,media quod noctis ab hora sedisti qua  
nemo faber1 qua nemo sedebat1 qui docet 
obliquo lanam deducere ferro3 rara tamen
 merces4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #g4  #bjfg4 ,chil4 
#d4 ,cent4 #a4 adag4 ,j4  #bjfh4 ,had ,i
 done as others did1 put myself forward1

 ,i might have haply been as great a man
 as many of my equals4  #bjfi4          
,catullus1 ,juven4  #bjgj4 ,all our     
hopes and inducements to study are      
centred in ,caesar alone4  #bjga4 ,nemo 
est quem non ,phaebus hic noster1 solo  
intuitu lubentiorem reddat4  #bjgb4     
,panegyr4  #bjgc4 ,virgil4  #bjgd4      
,rarus enim ferme sensus communis in    
illa ,fortuna4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #h4  #bjge4  
,quis enim generosum dixerit hunc que   
,indignus genere1 et praeclaro nomine   
tantum1 ,insignis4 ,juve4 ,sat4 #h4     
#bjgf4 ,i have often met with myself1   
and conferred with divers worthy        
gentlemen in the country1 no whit       
inferior1 if not to be preferred for    
divers kinds of learning to many of our 
academics4  #bjgg4 ,ipse licet ,musis   
venias comitatus ,homere1 ,nil tamen    
attuleris1 ibis ,homere foras4  #bjgh4  
,et legat historicos auctores1 noverit  
omnes ,tanquam ungues digitosque suos4  
,juv4 ,sat4 #g4  #bjgi4 ,juvenal4       
#bjhj4 ,tu vero licet ,orpheus sis1 saxa

 sono testudinis emolliens1 nisi plumbea
 eorum corda1 auri vel argenti malleo   
emollias1 c4 ,salisburiensis ,policrat4 
lib4 #e4 c4 #aj4  #bjha4 ,juven4 ,sat4  
#g4  #bjhb4 ,euge bene1 no need1 ,dousa 
epod4 lib4 #b4--;dos ipsa scientia      
sibique congiarium est4  #bjhc4 ,quatuor
 ad portas ,ecclesias itus ad omnes2    
sanguinis aut ,simonis1 praesulis atque 
,dei4 ,holcot4  #bjhd4 ,lib4 contra     
,gentiles de ,babila martyre4  #bjhe4   
,praescribunt1 imperant1 in ordinem     
cogunt1 ingenium nostrum prout ipsis    
vicebitur1 astriugunt et relaxant ut    
papilionem pueri aut bruchum filo       
demitturit1 aut attrahunt1 nos a        
libidine sua pendere aequum censentes4  
,heinsins4  #bjhf4 ,joh4 #e4  #bjhg4    
,epist4 lib4 #b4 ,jam suffectus in locum
 demortui1 protinus exortus est         
adversarius1 c4 post multos labores1    
sumptus1 c4  #bjhh4 ,jun4 ,acad4 cap4   
#f4  #bjhi4 ,accipiamus pecuniam1       
demittamus asinum ut apud ,patavinos1   
,italos4  #bjij4 ,hos non ita pridem    

perstrinxi1 in ,philosophastro          
,commaedia latina1 in ,aede ,christi    
,oxon1 publice habita1 ,anno #afag4     
,feb4 #af4  #bjia4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #bjib4
 #b ,cor4 vii4 #ag4  #bjic4 ,comment4 in
 ,gal4  #bjid4 ,heinsius4  #bjie4       
,ecclesiast4  #bjif4 ,luth4 in ,gal4    
#bjig4 ,pers4 ,sat4 #b4  #bjih4         
,sallust4  #bjii4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #bajj4 
,budaeus de ,asse1 lib4 #e4  #baja4     
,lib4 de rep4 ,gallorum4  #bajb4        
,campian4  #bajc4 ,as for ourselves 7for
 neither are we free from this fault7   
the same guilt1 the same crime1 may be  
objected against us3 for it is through  
our fault1 negligence1 and avarice1 that
 so many and such shameful corruptions  
occur in the church 7both the temple and
 the ,deity are offered for sale71 that 
such sordidness is introduced1 such     
impiety committed1 such wickedness1 such
 a mad gulf of wretchedness and         
irregularity--these ,i say arise from   
all our faults1 but more particularly   
from ours of the ,university4 ,we are   

the nursery in which those ills are bred
 with which the state is afflicted2 we  
voluntarily introduce them1 and are     
deserving of every opprobrium and       
suffering1 since we do not afterwards   
encounter them according to our         
strength4 ,for what better can we expect
 when so many poor1 beggarly fellows1   
men of every order1 are readily and     
without election1 admitted to degrees8  
,who1 if they can only commit to memory 
a few definitions and divisions1 and    
pass the customary period in the study  
of logics1 no matter with what effect1  
whatever sort they prove to be1 idiots1 
triflers1 idlers1 gamblers1 sots1       
sensualists1 ----mere ciphers in the    
book of life ,like those who boldly     
woo'd ,ulysses' wife2 ,born to consume  
the fruits of earth3 in truth1 ,as vain 
and idle as ,pheacia's youth2  only let 
them have passed the stipulated period  
in the ,university1 and  professed      
themselves collegians3 either for the   
sake of profit1 or  through the         

influence of their friends1 they obtain 
a presentation2  nay1 sometimes even    
accompanied by brilliant eulogies upon  
their  morals and acquirements2 and when
 they are about to take leave1 they  are
 honoured with the most flattering      
literary testimonials in their  favour1 
by those who undoubtedly sustain a loss 
of reputation in  granting them4 ,for   
doctors and professors 7as an author    
says7 are  anxious about one thing only1
 viz41 that out of their various        
callings  they may promote their own    
advantage1 and convert the public loss  
into  their private gains4 ,for our     
annual officers wish this only1 that    
those who commence1 whether they are    
taught or untaught is of no  moment1    
shall be sleek1 fat1 pigeons1 worth the 
plucking4 ,the  ,philosophastic are     
admitted to a degree in ,arts1 because  
they have no  acquaintance with them4   
,and they are desired to be wise men1   
because  they are endowed with no       
wisdom1 and bring no qualification for a

  degree1 except the wish to have it4   
,the ,theologastic 7only let them  pay7 
thrice learned1 are promoted to every   
academic honour4 ,hence it  is that so  
many vile buffoons1 so many idiots      
everywhere1 placed in  the twilight of  
letters1 the mere ghosts of scholars1   
wanderers in the  market place1         
vagrants1 barbels1 mushrooms1 dolts1    
asses1 a growling  herd1 with unwashed  
feet1 break into the sacred precincts of
 theology1  bringing nothing along with 
them but an impudent front1 some vulgar 
trifles and foolish scholastic          
technicalities1 unworthy of respect     
even at the crossing of the highways4   
,this is the unworthy1 vagrant1         
voluptuous race1 fitter for the hog sty 
7haram7 than the altar 7aram71  that    
basely prostitute divine literature2    
these are they who fill the  pulpits1   
creep into the palaces of our nobility  
after all other  prospects of existence 
fail them1 owing to their imbecility of 
body  and mind1 and their being         

incapable of sustaining any other parts 
in  the commonwealth2 to this sacred    
refuge they fly1 undertaking the  office
 of the ministry1 not from sincerity1   
but as ,st4 ,paul says1  huckstering the
 word of ,god4 ,let not any one suppose 
that it is here  intended to detract    
from those many exemplary men of which  
the ,church  of ,england may boast1     
learned1 eminent1 and of spotless fame1 
for they  are more numerous in that than
 in any other church of ,europe3 nor    
from  those most learned universities   
which constantly send forth men endued  
with every form of virtue4 ,and these   
seminaries would produce a still        
greater number of inestimable scholars  
hereafter if sordidness did not  obscure
 the splendid light1 corruption         
interrupt1 and certain  truckling       
harpies and beggars envy them their     
usefulness4 ,nor can any  one be so     
blind as not to perceive this--any so   
stolid as not to  understand it--any so 
perverse as not to acknowledge how      

sacred  ,theology has been contaminated 
by those notorious idiots1 and the      
celestial ,muse treated with profanity4 
,vile and shameless souls 7says         
,luther7 for the sake of gain1 like     
flies to a milk-pail1 crowd round  the  
tables of the nobility in expectation of
 a church living1 any  office1 or       
honour1 and flock into any public hall  
or city ready to  accept of any         
employment that may offer4 ,a thing of  
wood and wires by  others played4       
,following the paste as the parrot1 they
 stutter out  anything in hopes of      
reward3 obsequious parasites1 says      
,erasmus1  teach1 say1 write1 admire1   
approve1 contrary to their conviction1  
anything you please1 not to benefit the 
people but to improve their  own        
fortunes4 ,they subscribe to any        
opinions and decisions contrary to  the 
word of ,god1 that they may not offend  
their patron1 but retain the  favour of 
the great1 the applause of the          
multitude1 and thereby  acquire riches  

for themselves2 for they approach       
,theology1 not that  they may perform a 
sacred duty1 but make a fortune3 nor to 
promote the  interests of the church1   
but to pillage it3 seeking1 as ,paul    
says1 not  the things which are of      
,jesus ,christ1 but what may be their   
own3 not  the treasure of their ,lord1  
but the enrichment of themselves and    
their  followers4 ,nor does this evil   
belong to those of humbler birth and    
fortunes only1 it possesses the middle  
and higher ranks1 bishops  excepted4 ,o 
,pontiffs1 tell the efficacy of gold in 
sacred matters6  ,avarice often leads   
the highest men astray1 and men1        
admirable in all  other respects3 these 
find a salvo for simony2 and1 striking  
against  this rock of corruption1 they  
do not shear but flay the flock2 and1   
wherever they teem1 plunder1 exhaust1   
raze1 making shipwreck of their         
reputation1 if not of their souls also4 
,hence it appears that this  malady did 
not flow from the humblest to the       

highest classes1 but  vice versa1 so    
that the maxim is true although spoken  
in jest--he  bought first1 therefore has
 the best right to sell4 ,for a         
,simoniac  7that ,i may use the         
phraseology of ,leo7 has not received a 
favour2  since he has not received one  
he does not possess one2 and since he   
does not possess one he cannot confer   
one4 ,so far indeed are some of  those  
who are placed at the helm from         
promoting others1 that they  completely 
obstruct them1 from a consciousness of  
the means by which  themselves obtained 
the honour4 ,for he who imagines that   
they emerged  from their obscurity      
through their learning1 is deceived2    
indeed1  whoever supposes promotion to  
be the reward of genius1 erudition1     
experience1 probity1 piety1 and poetry  
7which formerly was the case1  but      
nowadays is only promised7 is evidently 
deranged4 ,how or when this  malady     
commenced1 ,i shall not further inquire2
 but from these  beginnings1 this       

accumulation of vices1 all her          
calamities and  miseries have been      
brought upon the ,church2 hence such    
frequent acts  of simony1 complaints1   
fraud1 impostures-- from this one       
fountain  spring all its conspicuous    
iniquities4 ,i shall not press the      
question  of ambition and courtly       
flattery1 lest they may be chagrined    
about  luxury1 base examples of life1   
which offend the honest1 wanton         
drinking parties1 c4 ,yet2 hence is that
 academic squalor1 the muses  now look  
sad1 since every low fellow ignorant of 
the arts1 by those  very arts rises1 is 
promoted1 and grows rich1 distinguished 
by  ambitious titles1 and puffed up by  
his numerous honours2 he just shows     
himself to the vulgar1 and by his       
stately carriage displays a species  of 
majesty1 a remarkable solicitude1       
letting down a flowing beard1  decked in
 a brilliant toga resplendent with      
purple1 and respected also  on account  
of the splendour of his household and   

number of his  servants4 ,there are     
certain statues placed in sacred        
edifices that  seem to sink under their 
load1 and almost to perspire1 when in   
reality  they are void of sensation1 and
 do not contribute to the stony         
stability1 so these men would wish to   
look like ,atlases1 when they are  no   
better than statues of stone1           
insignificant scrubs1 funguses1  dolts1 
little different from stone4 ,meanwhile 
really learned men1  endowed with all   
that can adorn a holy life1 men who have
 endured the  heat of mid-day1 by some  
unjust lot obey these1 dizzards1 content
  probably with a miserable salary1     
known by honest appellations1  humble1  
obscure1 although eminently worthy1     
needy1 leading a private  life without  
honour1 buried alive in some poor       
benefice1 or  incarcerated for ever in  
their college chambers1 lying hid       
ingloriously4 ,but ,i am unwilling to   
stir this sink any longer or any        
deeper2 hence those tears1 this         

melancholy habit of the muses2 hence    
7that ,i may speak with ,secellius7 is  
it that religion is brought into        
disrepute and contempt1 and the         
priesthood abject2 7and since this is   
so1 ,i must speak out and use a filthy  
witticism of the filthy7 a  foetid4     
crowd1 poor1 sordid1 melancholy1        
miserable1 despicable1  contemptible4   
#bajd4 ,proem lib4 #b4 ,nulla ars       
constitui poset4  #baje4 ,lib4 #a4 c4   
#ai4 de morborum causis4 ,quas declinare
 licet aut nulla necessitate utimur4    
#bajf4 ,quo semel est imbuta recens     
servabit odorem ,testa diu4 ,hor4       
#bajg4 ,sicut valet ad fingendas        
corporis atque animi similitudines vis  
et natura seminis1 sic quoque lactis    
proprietas4 ,neque id in hominibus      
solum1 sed in pecudibus animadversum4   
,nam si ovium lacte hoedi1 aut caprarum 
agni alerentur1 constat fieri in his    
lanam duriorem1 in illis capillum gigni 
severiorem4  #bajh4 ,adulta in ferarum  
persequatione ad miraculum usque sagax4 

#baji4 ,tam animal quodlibet quam homo1 
ab illa cujus lacte nutritur1 naturam   
contrahit4  #baaj4 ,improba1 informis1  
impudica1 temulenta1 nutrix1 c4 quoniam 
in moribus efformandis magnam saepe     
partem igenium altricis et natura lactis
 tenet4  #baaa4 ,hircanaeque admorunt   
ubera ,tigres1 ,virg4  #baab4 ,lib4 #b4 
de ,caesaribus4  #baac4 ,beda c4 #bg4 l4
 #a ,eccles4 hist4  #baad4 ,ne insitivo 
lactis alimento degeneret corpus1 et    
animus corrumpatur4  #baae4 ,lib4 #c4 de
 civ4 convers4  #baaf4 ,stephanus4      
#baag4 ,to4 #b4 ,nutrices non quasvis1  
sed maxime probas deligamus4  #baah4    
,nutrix non sit lasciva aut temulenta4  
,hier4  #baai4 ,prohibendum ne stolida  
lactet4  #babj4 ,pers4  #baba4 ,nutrices
 interdum matribus sunt meliores4       
#babb4 ,lib4 de morbis capitis1 cap4 de 
mania2 ,haud postrema causa supputatur  
educatio1 inter has mentis              
abalienationis causas4 ,injusta noverca4
  #babc4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #d4  #babd4     
,idem4 ,et quod maxime nocet1 dum in    

teneris ita timent nihil conantur4      
#babe4 ,the pupil's faculties are       
perverted by the indiscretion of the    
master4  #babf4 ,praefat4 ad ,testam4   
#babg4 ,plus mentis paedagogico         
supercilio abstulit1 quam unquam        
praeceptis suis sapientiae instillavit4 
#babh4 ,ter4 ,adel4 #c4 #d4  #babi4     
,idem4 ,ac4 #a4 sc4 #b4 ,let him feast1 
drink1 perfume himself at my expense3   
,if he be in love1 ,i shall supply him  
with money4 ,has he broken in the gates8
 they shall be repaired4 ,has he torn   
his garments8 they shall be replaced4   
,let him do what he pleases1 take1      
spend1 waste1 ,i am resolved to submit4 
#bacj4 ,camerarius em4 #gg4 cent4 #b4   
hath elegantly expressed it an emblem1  
perdit amando1 c4  #baca4 ,prov4 xiii4  
#bd4 ,he that spareth the rod hates his 
son4  #bacb4 ,lib4 de consol4 ,tam      
,stulte pueros diligimus ut odisse      
potius videamur1 illos non ad virtutem  
sed ad injuriam1 non ad eruditionem sed 
ad luxum1 non ad virtutem sed voluptatem

 educantes4  #bacc4 ,lib4 #a4 c4 #c4    
,educatio altera natura1 alterat animos 
et voluntatem1 atque utinam 7inquit7    
liberorum nostrorum mores non ipsi      
perderemus1 quum infantiam statim       
deliciis solvimus3 mollior ista         
educatio1 quam indulgentiam vocamus1    
nervos omnes1 et mentis et corporis     
frangit2 fit ex his consuetudo1 inde    
natura4  #bacd4 ,perinde agit ac siquis 
de calceo sit sollicitus1 pedem nihil   
curet4 ,juven4 ,nil patri minus est quam
 filius4  #bace4 ,lib4 #c4 de sapient3  
qui avaris paedagogis pueros alendos    
dant1 vel clausos in coenobiis jejunare 
simul et sapere1 nihil aliud agunt1 nisi
 ut sint vel non sine stultitia eruditi1
 vel non integra vita sapientes4  #bacf4
 ,terror et metus maxime ex improviso   
accedentes ita animum commovent1 ut     
spiritus nunquam recuperent1            
gravioremque melancholiam terror facit1 
quam quae ab interna causa fit4         
,impressio tam fortis in spiritibus     
humoribusque cerebri1 ut extracta tota  

sanguinea massa1 aegre exprimatur1 et   
haec horrenda species melancholiae      
frequenter oblata mihi1 omnes exercens1 
viros1 juvenes1 senes4  #bacg4 ,tract4  
de melan4 cap4 #g4 et #h4 non ab        
intemperie1 sed agitatione1 dilatatione1
 contractione1 motu spirituum4  #bach4  
,lib4 de fort4 et virtut4 ,alex4        
praesertim ineunte periculo1 ubi res    
prope adsunt terribiles4  #baci4 ,fit a 
visione horrenda1 revera apparente1 vel 
per insomnia1 ,platerus4  #badj4 ,a     
painter's wife in ,basil1 #afjj4        
,somniavit filium bello mortuum1 inde   
,melancholica consolari noluit4  #bada4 
,senec4 ,herc4 ,oet4  #badb4 ,quarta    
pars comment4 de ,statu religionis in   
,gallia sub ,carolo4 #i4 #aegb4  #badc4 
,ex occursu daemonum aliqui furore      
corripiuntur1 et experientia notum est4 
#badd4 ,lib4 #h4 in ,arcad4  #bade4     
,lucret4  #badf4 ,puellae extra urbem in
 prato concurrentes1 c4 maesta et       
melancholica domum rediit per dies      
aliquot vexata1 dum mortua est4 ,plater4

  #badg4 ,altera trans-,rhenana ingressa
 sepulchrum recens apertum1 vidit       
cadaver1 et domum subito reversa putavit
 eam vocare1 post paucos dies obiit1    
proximo sepulchre collocata4 ,altera    
patibulum sero praeteriens1 metuebat ne 
urbe exclusa illic pernoctaret1 unde    
melancholica facta1 per multos annos    
laboravit4 ,platerus4  #badh4 ,subitus  
occursus1 inopinata lectio4  #badi4     
,lib4 de auditione4  #baej4 ,theod4     
,prodromus lib4 #g4 ,amorum4  #baea4    
,effuso cernens fugientes agmine turmas1
 ,quis mea nunc inflat cornua ,faunus   
ait4 ,alciat4 embl4 #abb4  #baeb4 ,jud4 
#f4 #ai4  #baec4 ,plutarchus vita ejus4 
#baed4 ,in furorem cum sociis versus4   
#baee4 ,subitarius terrae motus4  #baef4
 ,caepit inde desipere cum dispendio    
sanitatis1 inde adeo dementans1 ut sibi 
ipsi mortem inferret4  #baeg4 ,historica
 relatio de rebus ,japonicis ,tract4 #b4
 de legat1 regis ,chinensis1 a ,lodovico
 ,frois ,jesuita4 ,a4 #aeif4 ,fuscini   
derepente tanta acris caligo et         

terraemotus1 ut multi capite dolerent1  
plurimus cor moerore et melancholia     
obrueretur4 ,tantum fremitum edebat1 ut 
tonitru fragorem imitari videretur1     
tantamque1 c4 ,in urbe ,sacai tam       
horrificus fuit1 ut homines vix sui     
compotes essent a sensibus abalienati1  
moerore oppressi tam horrendo           
spectaculo1 c4  #baeh4 ,quum subit      
illius tristissima noctis ,imago4       
#baei4 ,qui solo aspectu medicinae      
movebatur ad purgandum4  #bafj4 ,sicut  
viatores si ad saxum impegerint1 aut    
nautae1 memores sui casus1 non ista modo
 quae offendunt1 sed et similia horrent 
perpetuo et tremunt4  #bafa4 ,leviter   
volant graviter vulnerant4 ,bernardus4  
#bafb4 ,ensis sauciat corpus1 mentem    
sermo4  #bafc4 ,sciatis eum esse qui a  
nemine fere aevi sui magnate1 non       
illustre stipendium habuit1 ne mores    
ipsorum ,satyris suis notaret4 ,gasp4   
,barthius praefat4 parnodid4  #bafd4    
,jovius in vita ejus1 gravissime tulit  
famosis libellis nomen suum ad          

,pasquilli statuam fuisse laceratum1    
decrevitque ideo statuam demoliri1 c4   
#bafe4 ,plato1 lib4 #ac4 de legibus4    
,qui existimationem curant1 poetas      
vereantur1 quia magnam vim habent ad    
laudandum et vituperandum4  #baff4      
,petulanti splene cachinno4  #bafg4     
,curial4 lib4 #b4 ,ea quorundam est     
inscitia1 ut quoties loqui1 toties      
mordere licere sibi putent4  #bafh4     
,ter4 ,eunuch4  #bafi4 ,hor4 ser4 lib4  
#b4 ,sat4 #d4 ,provided he can only     
excite laughter1 he spares not his best 
friend4  #bagj4 ,lib4 #b4  #baga4 ,de   
orat4  #bagb4 ,laudando1 et mira iis    
persuadendo4  #bagc4 ,et vana inflatus  
opinione1 incredibilia ac ridenda       
quaedam ,musices praecepta              
commentaretur1 c4  #bagd4 ,ut voces     
nudis parietibus illisae1 suavius ac    
acutius resilirent4  #bage4             
,immortalitati et gloriae suae prorsus  
invidentes4  #bagf4 #b4 #b dae quaest   
#ge4 ,irrisio mortale peccatum4  #bagg4 
,psal4 xv4 #c4  #bagh4 ,balthazar       

,castilio lib4 #b4 de aulico4  #bagi4   
,de sermone lib4 #d4 cap4 #c4  #bahj4   
,fol4 #ee4 ,galateus4  #baha4 ,tully    
,tusc4 quaest4  #bahb4 ,every reproach  
uttered against one already condemned is
 mean-spirited4  #bahc4 ,mart4 lib4 #a4 
epig4 #ce4  #bahd4 ,tales joci ab       
injuriis non possint discerni4 ,galateus
 fo4 #ee4  #bahe4 ,pybrac in his        
,quadraint #cg4  #bahf4 ,ego hujus      
misera fatuitate et dementia conflictor4
 ,tull4 ad ,attic li4 #aa4  #bahg4      
,miserum est aliena vivere quadra4 ,juv4
  #bahh4 ,crambae bis coctae4 ,vitae me 
redde priori4  #bahi4 ,hor4  #baij4 ,de 
tranquil animae4  #baia4 ,lib4 #h4      
#baib4 ,tullius ,lepido ,fam4 #aj4 #bg4 
#baic4 ,boterus l4 #a4 polit4 cap4 #d4  
#baid4 ,laet4 descrip4 ,americae4       
#baie4 ,if there be any inhabitants4    
#baif4 ,in ,taxari4 ,interdiu quidem    
collum vinctum est1 et manus constricta1
 noctuvero totum corpus vincitur1 ad has
 miserias accidit corporis faetor1      
strepitus ejulantium1 somni brevitas1   

haec omnia plane molesta et             
intolerabilia4  #baig4 ,in #i ,rhasis4  
#baih4 ,william the ,conqueror's eldest 
son4  #baii4 ,salust4 ,romam triumpho   
ductus tandemque in carcerem conjectus1 
animi dolore periit4  #bbjj4 ,camden in 
,wiltsh4 miserum senem ita fame et      
calamitatibus in carcere fregit1 inter  
mortis metum1 et vitae tormenta1 c4     
#bbja4 ,vies hodie4  #bbjb4 ,seneca4    
#bbjc4 ,com4 ad ,hebraeos4  #bbjd4      
,part4 #b4 ,sect4 #c4 ,memb4 #c4  #bbje4
 ,quem ut difficilem morbum pueris      
tradere formidamus4 ,plut4  #bbjf4      
,lucan4 l4 #a4  #bbjg4 ,as in the silver
 mines at ,friburgh in ,germany4 ,fines 
,morison4  #bbjh4 ,euripides4  #bbji4   
,tom4 #d4 dial4 minore periculo ,solem  
quam hunc defixis oculis licet intueri4 
#bbaj4 ,omnis enim res1 virtus1 fama1   
decus1 divina1 humanaque pulchris       
,divitiis parent4 ,hor4 ,ser4 l4 #b4    
,sat4 #c4 ,clarus eris1 fortis justus1  
sapiens1 etiam rex4 ,et quicquid volet4 
,hor4  #bbaa4 ,et genus1 et formam1     

regina pecunia donat4 ,money adds       
spirits1 courage1 c4  #bbab4 ,epist4    
ult4 ad ,atticum4  #bbac4 ,our young    
master1 a fine towardly gentleman1 ,god 
bless him1 and hopeful2 why8 he is heir 
apparent to the right worshipful1 to the
 right honourable1 c4  #bbad4 ,o nummi1 
nummi3 vobis hunc praestat honorem4     
#bbae4 ,exinde sapere eum omnes dicimus1
 ac quisque fortunam habet4 ,plaut4     
,pseud4  #bbaf4 ,aurea fortuna1         
principum cubiculis reponi solita4      
,julius ,capitolinus vita ,antonini4    
#bbag4 ,petronius4  #bbah4 ,theologi    
opulentis adhaerent1 ,jurisperiti       
pecuniosis1 literati nummosis1          
liberalibus artifices4  #bbai4 ,multi   
illum juvenes1 multae petiere puellae4  
#bbbj4 ,he may have ,danae to wife4     
#bbba4 ,dummodo sit dives barbarus1 ille
 placet4  #bbbb4 ,plut4 in ,lucullo1 a  
rich chamber so called4  #bbbc4 ,panis  
pane melior4  #bbbd4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #e4    
#bbbe4 ,hor4 ,sat4 #e4 lib4 #b4  #bbbf4 
,bohemus de ,turcis et ,bredenbach4     

#bbbg4 ,euphormio4  #bbbh4 ,qui pecuniam
 habens1 elati sunt animis1 lofty       
spirits1 brave men at arms2 all rich men
 are generous1 courageous1 c4  #bbbi4   
,nummus ait pro me nubat ,cornubia      
,romae4  #bbcj4 ,a diadem is purchased  
with gold2 silver opens the way to      
heaven2 philosophy may be hired for a   
penny2 money controls justice2 one      
obolus satisfies a man of letters2      
precious metal procures health2 wealth  
attaches friends4  #bbca4 ,non fuit apud
 mortales ullum excellentius certamen1  
non inter celeres celerrimo1 non inter  
robustos robustissimo1 c4  #bbcb4       
,quicquid libet licet4  #bbcc4 ,hor4    
,sat4 #e4 lib4 #b4  #bbcd4 ,cum moritur 
dives concurrunt undique cives3         
,pauperis ad funus vix est ex millibus  
unus4  #bbce4 ,et modo quid fuit        
ignoscat mihi genius tuus1 noluisses de 
manu ejus nummos accipere4  #bbcf4 that 
wears silk1 satin1 velvet1 and gold     
lace1 must needs be a gentleman4  #bbcg4
 ,est sanguis utque spiritus pecunia    

mortalibus4  #bbch4 ,euripides4  #bbci4 
,xenophon4 ,cyropaed4 l4 #h4  #bbdj4 ,in
 tenui rara est facundia panno4 ,juv4   
#bbda4 ,hor4 more worthless than        
rejected weeds4  #bbdb4 ,egere est      
offendere1 et indigere scelestum esse4  
,sat4 ,menip4  #bbdc4 ,plaut4 act4 #d4  
#bbdd4 ,nullum tam barbarum1 tam vile   
munus est1 quod non lubentissime obire  
velit gens vilissima4  #bbde4 ,lausius  
orat4 in ,hispaniam4  #bbdf4 ,laet4     
descrip4 ,americiae4  #bbdg4 ,who daily 
faint beneath the burdens they are      
compelled to carry from place to place3 
for they carry and draw the loads which 
oxen and asses formerly used1 c4  #bbdh4
 ,plautus4  #bbdi4 ,leo4 ,afer4 ca4 ult4
 l4 #a4 edunt non ut bene vivant1 sed ut
 fortiter laborent4 ,heinsius4  #bbej4  
,munster de rusticis ,germaniae1        
,cosmog4 cap4 #bg4 lib4 #c4  #bbea4     
,ter4 ,eunuch4  #bbeb4 ,pauper paries   
factus1 quem caniculae commingant4      
#bbec4 ,lib4 #a4 cap ult4  #bbed4 ,deos 
omnes illis infensos diceres3 tam       

pannosi1 famefracti1 tot assidue malis  
afficiuntur1 tanquam pecora quibus      
splendor rationis emortuus4  #bbee4     
,peregrin4 ,hieros4  #bbef4 ,nihil      
omnino meliorem vitam degunt1 quam ferae
 in silvis1 jumenta in terris4 ,leo     
,afer4  #bbeg4 ,bartholomeus a ,casa4   
#bbeh4 ,ortelius in ,helvetia4 ,qui     
habitant in ,caesia valle ut plurimum   
latomi1 in ,oscella valle cultrorum     
fabri fumarii1 in ,vigetia sordidum     
genus hominum1 quod repurgandis caminis 
victum parat4  #bbei4 ,i write not this 
any ways to upbraid1 or scoff at1 or    
misuse poor men1 but rather to condole  
and pity them by expressing1 c4  #bbfj4 
,chremilus1 act4 #d4 ,plaut4  #bbfa4    
,paupertas durum onus miseris           
mortalibus4  #bbfb4 ,vexat censura      
columbas4  #bbfc4 ,deux ace non possunt1
 et sixeinque solvere nolunt2 ,omnibus  
est notum quater tre solvere totum4     
#bbfd4 ,scandia1 ,africa1 ,lithuania4   
#bbfe4 ,montaigne1 in his ,essays1      
speaks of certain ,indians in ,france1  

that being asked how they liked the     
country1 wondered how a few rich men    
could keep so many poor men in          
subjection1 that they did not cut their 
throats4  #bbff4 ,augustas animas       
animoso in pectore versans4  #bbfg4 ,a  
narrow breast conceals a narrow soul4   
#bbfh4 ,donatus vit4 ejus4  #bbfi4      
,publius ,scipio1 ,laelius and ,furius1 
three of the most distinguished noblemen
 at that day in ,rome1 were of so little
 service to him1 that he could scarcely 
procure a lodging through their         
patronage4  #bbgj4 ,prov4 xix4 #g4      
,though he be instant1 yet they will    
not4  #bbga4 ,petronius4  #bbgb4 ,non   
est qui doleat vicem1 ut ,petrus        
,christum1 jurant se hominem non        
novisse4  #bbgc4 ,ovid1 in ,trist4      
#bbgd4 ,horat4  #bbge4 ,ter4 ,eunuchus1 
act4 #b4  #bbgf4 ,quid quod materiam    
praebet causamque jocandi3 ,si toca     
sordida sit1 ,juv4 ,sat4 #b4  #bbgg4    
,hor4  #bbgh4 ,in ,phaenis4  #bbgi4     
,odyss4 #ag4  #bbhj4 ,idem4  #bbha4     

,mantuan4  #bbhb4 ,since cruel fortune  
has made ,sinon poor1 she has made him  
vain and mendacious4  #bbhc4 ,de ,africa
 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 ult4  #bbhd4 #d4 de     
legibus4 furacissima paupertas1         
sacrilega1 turbis1 flagitiosa1 omnium   
malorum opifex4  #bbhe4 ,theognis4      
#bbhf4 ,dipnosophist lib4 #ab4 ,millies 
potius moriturum 7si quis sibi mente    
constaret7 quam tam vilis et aerumnosi  
victus communionem habere4  #bbhg4      
,gasper ,vilela ,jesuita epist4 ,japon4 
lib4  #bbhh4 ,mat4 ,riccius expedit4 in 
,sinas lib4 #a4 c4 #c4  #bbhi4 ,vos     
,romani procreatos filios feris et      
canibus exponitis1 nunc strangulatis vel
 in saxum eliditis1 c4  #bbij4 ,cosmog4 
#d4 lib4 cap4 #bb4 vendunt liberos victu
 carentes tanquam pecora interdum et    
seipsos2 ut apud divites saturentur     
cibis4  #bbia4 ,vel honorum desperatione
 vel malorum perpessione fracti el      
fatigati1 plures violentas manus sibi   
inferunt4  #bbib4 ,hor4  #bbic4 ,ingenio
 poteram superas volitare per arces3 ,ut

 me pluma levat1 sic grave mergit onus4 
#bbid4 ,terent4  #bbie4 ,hor4 ,sat4 #c4 
lib4 #a4  #bbif4 ,they cannot easily    
rise in the world who are pinched by    
poverty at home4  #bbig4 ,paschalius4   
#bbih4 ,petronius4  #bbii4 ,herodotus   
vita ejus4 ,scaliger in poet4           
,potentiorum aedes ostratim adiens1     
aliquid accipiebat1 canens carmina sua1 
concomitante eum puerorum choro4  #bcjj4
 ,plautus ,ampl4  #bcja4 ,ter4 ,act4 #d4
 ,scen4 #c4 ,adelph4 ,hegio4  #bcjb4    
,donat4 vita ejus4  #bcjc4 ,reduced to  
the greatest necessity1 he withdrew from
 the gaze of the public to the most     
remote village in ,greece4  #bcjd4      
,euripides4  #bcje4 ,plutarch1 vita     
ejus4  #bcjf4 ,vita ,ter4  #bcjg4       
,gomesius lib4 #c4 c4 #ba4 de sale4     
#bcjh4 ,ter4 ,eunuch4 ,act4 #b4 ,scen4  
#b4  #bcji4 ,liv4 dec4 #i4 l4 #b4       
#bcaj4 ,comineus4  #bcaa4 ,he that hath 
#el4 per annum coming in more than      
others1 scorns him that has less1 and is
 a better man4  #bcab4 ,prov4 xxx4 #h4  

#bcac4 ,de anima1 cap4 de maerore4      
#bcad4 ,lib4 #ab4 epist4  #bcae4 ,oh    
sweet offspring2 oh my very blood2 oh   
tender flower1 c4  #bcaf4 ,vir4 #d4     
,aen4  #bcag4 ,patres mortuos coram     
astantes et filios1 c4 ,marcellus       
,donatus4  #bcah4 ,epist4 lib4 #b4      
,virginium video audio defunctum cogito1
 alloquor4  #bcai4 ,calphurnius         
,graecus4 ,without thee1 ah6 wretched   
me1 the lillies lose their whiteness1   
the roses become pallid1 the hyacinth   
forgets to blush neither the myrtle nor 
the laurel retains its odours4  #bcbj4  
,chaucer4  #bcba4 ,praefat4 lib4 #f4    
#bcbb4 ,lib4 de obitu ,satyri fratris4  
#bcbc4 ,ovid4 ,met4  #bcbd4 ,plut4 vita 
ejus4  #bcbe4 ,nobilis matrona          
melancholica ob mortem mariti4  #bcbf4  
,ex matris obitu in desperationem       
incidit4  #bcbg4 ,mathias a ,michou4    
,boter4 ,amphitheat4  #bcbh4 ,lo4       
,vertoman4 ,m4 ,polus ,venetus lib4 #a4 
cap4 #ed4 perimunt eos quos in via      
obvios habent1 dicentes1 ,ite1 et domino

 nostro regi servile in alia vita4 ,nec 
tam in homines insaniunt sed in equos1  
c4  #bcbi4 ,vita ejus4  #bccj4 ,lib4 #d4
 vitae ejus1 auream aetatem condiderat  
ad humani generis salutem quum nos      
statim ab optimi principis excessu4 vere
 ferream1 pateremur1 famem1 pestem1 c4  
#bcca4 ,lib4 #e4 de asse4  #bccb4 ,maph4
 ,they became fallen in feelings1 as the
 great forest laments its fallen leaves4
  #bccc4 ,ortelius ,itinerario3 ob annum
 integrum a cantu1 tripudiis et         
saltationibus tota civitas abstinere    
jubetur4  #bccd4 ,virg4  #bcce4 ,see    
,barletius de vita et ob4 ,scanderbeg4  
lib4 #ac4 hist4  #bccf4 ,mat4 ,paris4   
#bccg4 ,juvenalis4  #bcch4 ,multi qui   
res amatas perdiderant1 ut filios1 opes1
 non sperantes recuperare1 propter      
assiduam talium considerationem         
melancholici fiunt1 ut ipse vidi4       
#bcci4 ,stanihurstus ,hib4 ,hist4       
#bcdj4 ,cap4 #c4 ,melancholia semper    
venit ab jacturam pecuniae1 victoriae1  
repulsam1 mortem liberorum1 quibus longo

 post tempore animus torquetur1 et a    
dispositione sit habitus4  #bcda4       
,consil4 #bf4  #bcdb4 ,nubrigensis4     
#bcdc4 ,epig4 #bb4  #bcdd4 ,lib4 #h4    
,venet4 hist4  #bcde4 ,templa ornamentis
 nudata1 spoliata1 in stabula equorum et
 asinorum versa1 c4 ,insulae humi       
conculcatae1 peditae1 c4  #bcdf4 ,in    
oculis maritorum dilectissimae conjuges 
ab ,hispanorum lixis constupratae sunt4 
,filiae magnatum thoris destinatae1 c4  
#bcdg4 ,ita fastu ante unum mensem      
turgida civitas1 et cacuminibos coelum  
pulsare visa1 ad inferos usque paucis   
diebus dejecta4  #bcdh4 ,sect4 #b4      
,memb4 #d4 ,subs4 #c4 fear from ominous 
accidents1 destinies foretold4  #bcdi4  
,accersunt sibi malum4  #bcej4 ,si non  
observemus1 nihil valent4 ,polidor4     
#bcea4 ,consil4 #bf4 l4 #b4  #bceb4     
,harm watch harm catch4  #bcec4 ,geor4  
,bucha4  #bced4 ,juvenis solicitus de   
futuris frustra1 factus melancholicus4  
#bcee4 ,pausanius in ,achaicis lib4 #g4 
,ubi omnium eventus dignoscuntur4       

,speculum tenui suspensum funiculo      
demittunt3 et ad ,cyaneas petras ad     
,lycicae fontes1 c4  #bcef4 ,expedit4 in
 ,sinas1 lib4 #a4 c4 #c4  #bceg4        
,timendo praeoccupat1 quod vitat1 ultro 
provocatque quod fugit1 gaudetque       
moerens et lubens miser fuit4 ,heinsius 
,austriac4  #bceh4 ,must ,i be deprived 
of this life1--of those possessions8    
#bcei4 ,tom4 #d4 dial4 #h ,cataplo4     
,auri puri mille talenta1 me hodie tibi 
daturum promitto1 c4  #bcfj4 ,ibidem4   
,hei mihi quae relinquenda praedia8 quam
 fertiles agri6 c4  #bcfa4 ,adrian4     
#bcfb4 ,industria superflua circa res   
inutiles4  #bcfc4 ,flavae secreta       
,minervae ut viderat ,aglauros4 ,ov4    
,met4 #b4  #bcfd4 ,contra ,philos4 cap4 
#fa4  #bcfe4 ,mat4 ,paris4  #bcff4      
,seneca4  #bcfg4 ,jos4 ,scaliger in     
,gnomit4 ,to profess a disinclination   
for that knowledge which is beyond our  
reach1 is pedantic ignorance4  #bcfh4 ,a
 virtuous woman is the crown of her     
husband4 ,prov4 xii4 #d4 but she1 c4 c4 

#bcfi4 ,lib4 #ag4 epist4 #aje4  #bcgj4  
,titionatur1 candelabratur1 c4  #bcga4  
,daniel in ,rosamund4  #bcgb4           
,chalinorus lib4 #i4 de repub4 ,angl4   
#bcgc4 ,elegans virgo invita cuidam e   
nostratibus nupsit1 c4  #bcgd4 ,prov4   
#bcge4 ,de increm4 urb4 lib4 #c4 c4 #c4 
tanquam diro mucrone confossi1 his nulla
 requies1 nulla delectatio1             
solicitudine1 gemitu1 furore1           
desperatione1 timore1 tanquam ad        
perpetuam aerumnam infeliciter rapti4   
#bcgf4 ,humfredus ,llwyd epist4 ad      
,abrahamum ,ortelium4 ,m4 ,vaughan in   
his ,golden ,fleece4 ,litibus et        
controversiis usque ad omnium bonorum   
consumptionem contendunt4  #bcgg4       
,spretaeque injuria formae4  #bcgh4     
,quaeque repulsa gravis4  #bcgi4 ,lib4  
#cf4 c4 #e4  #bchj4 ,nihil aeque amarum1
 quam diu pendere3 quidam aequiore animo
 ferunt praecidi spem suam quam trahi4  
,seneca cap4 #c4 lib4 #b4 de ,den4      
,virg4 ,plater observat4 lib4 #a4       
#bcha4 ,turpe relinqui est1 ,hor4       

#bchb4 ,scimus enim generosas naturas1  
nulla re citius moveri1 aut gravius     
affici quam contemptu ac despicientia4  
#bchc4 ,at ,atticum epist4 lib4 #ab4    
#bchd4 ,epist4 ad ,brutum4  #bche4 ,in  
,phaeniss4  #bchf4 ,in laudem calvit4   
#bchg4 ,ovid4  #bchh4 ,e ,cret4  #bchi4 
,hor4 ,car4 ,lib4 #c4 ,ode4 #bg4  #bcij4
 ,hist4 lib4 #f4  #bcia4 ,non mihi si   
centum linguae sint1 oraque centum4     
,omnia causarum percurrere nomina       
possem4  #bcib4 ,celius l4 #ag4 cap4 #b4
  #bcic4 ,ita mente exagitati sunt1 ut  
in triremi se constitutos putarent1     
marique vadabundo tempestate jactatos1  
proinde naufragium veriti1 egestis      
undique rebus vasa omnia in viam e      
fenestris1 seu in mare praecipitarunt3  
postridie1 c4  #bcid4 ,aram vobis       
servatoribus diis erigemus4  #bcie4     
,lib4 de gemmis4  #bcif4 ,quae gestatae 
infelicem et tristem reddunt1 curas     
augent1 corpus siccant1 somnum minuunt4 
#bcig4 ,ad unum die mente alienatus4    
#bcih4 ,part4 #a4 ,sect4 #b4 ,subsect4  

#c4  #bcii4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #c4  #bdjj4   
,intus bestiae minutae multae necant4   
,numquid minutissima sunt grana arenae8 
sed si arena amplius in navem mittatur1 
mergit illam2 quam minutae guttae1      
pluviae8 et tamen implent flumina1 domus
 ejiciunt1 timenda ergo ruina           
multiuidinis1 si non magnitudinis4      
#bdja4 ,mores sequuntur temperaturam    
corporis4  #bdjb4 ,scintillae latent in 
corporibus4  #bdjc4 ,gal4 #e4  #bdjd4   
,sicut ex animi afflictionibus corpus   
languescit3 sic ex corporis vitiis1 et  
morborum plerisque cruciatibus animum   
videmus hebetari1 ,galenus4  #bdje4     
,lib4 #a4 c4 #af4  #bdjf4 ,corporis     
itidem morbi animam per consensum1 a    
lege consortii afficiunt1 et quanquam   
objecta multos motus turbulentos in     
homine concitet1 praecipua tamen causa  
in corde et humoribus spiritibusque     
consistit1 c4  #bdjg4 ,hor4 ,vide ante4 
#bdjh4 ,humores pravi mentum obnubilant4
  #bdji4 ,hic humor vel a partis        
intemperie generatur vel relinquitur    

post inflammationes1 vel crassior in    
venis conclusus vel torpidus malignam   
qualitatem contrabit4  #bdaj4 ,saepe    
constat in febre hominem ,melancholicum 
vel post febrem reddi1 aut alium morbum4
 ,calida intemperies innata1 vel a febre
 contracta4  #bdaa4 ,raro quis diuturno 
morbo laborat1 qui non sit              
melancholicus1 ,mercurialis de affect4  
capitis lib4 #a c4 #aj de ,melanc4      
#bdab4 ,ad nonum lib4 ,rhasis ad        
,almansor4 c4 #af4 ,universaliter a     
quacunque parte potest fieri            
melancholicus4 ,vel quia aduritur1 vel  
quia non expellit superfluitatem        
excrementi4  #bdac4 ,a ,liene1 juvidore1
 utero1 et aliis partibus oritur4       
#bdad4 ,materia ,melancholiae aliquando 
in corde1 in stomacho1 hepate1 ab       
hypocondriis1 myruche1 splene1 cum ibi  
romanet humor melancholicus4  #bdae4 ,ex
 sanguine adusto1 intra vel extra caput4
  #bdaf4 ,qui calidum cor habent1       
cerebrum humidum1 facile melancholici4  
#bdag4 ,sequitur melancholia malam      

intemperiem frigidam et siccam ipsius   
cerebri4  #bdah4 ,saepe fit ex calidiore
 cerebro1 aut corpore colligente        
melancholiam4 ,piso4  #bdai4 ,vel per   
propriam affectionem1 vel per consensum1
 cum vapores exhalant in cerebrum4      
,montalt4 cap4 #ad4  #bdbj4 ,aut ibi    
gignitur1 melancholicus fumus1 aut      
aliunde vehitur1 alterando animales     
facultates4  #bdba4 ,ab intemperie      
cordis1 modo calidiore1 molo frigidiore4
  #bdbb4 ,epist4 #bji4 ,scoltzii4       
#bdbc4 ,officina humorum hepar          
concurrit1 c4  #bdbd4 ,ventriculus et   
venae meseraicae concurrunt1 quod hae   
partes obstructae sunt1 c4  #bdbe4 ,per 
se sanguinem adurentes4  #bdbf4 ,lien   
frigidus et siccus c4 #ac4  #bdbg4      
,splen obstructus4  #bdbh4 ,de arte med4
 lib4 #c4 cap4 #bd4  #bdbi4 ,a sanguinis
 putredine in vasis seminariis et utero1
 et quandoque a spermate diu retento1   
vel sanguine menstruo in melancholiam   
verso per putrefactionem1 vel           
adustionem4  #bdcj4 ,magirus4  #bdca4   

,ergo efficiens causa melancholiae est  
calida et sicca intemperies1 non frigida
 et sicca1 quod multi opinati sunt1     
oritur enim a calore celebri assante    
sanguinem1 c4 tum quod aromata sanguinem
 incendunt1 solitudo1 vigiliae1 febris  
praecedens1 meditatio1 studium1 et haec 
omnia calefaciunt1 ergo ratum sit1 c4   
#bdcb4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #ac4 de ,melanch4 
#bdcc4 ,lib4 #c4 ,tract4 posthum4 de    
melan4  #bdcd4 ,a fatuitate             
inseparabilis cerebri frigiditas4       
#bdce4 ,ab interno calore assatur4      
#bdcf4 ,intemperies innata exurens4     
flavam bilem ac sanguinem in            
melancholiam convertens4  #bdcg4 ,si    
cerebrum sit calidius1 fiet spiritus    
animales calidior1 et dilirium maniacum2
 si frigidior1 fie fatuitas4  #bdch4    
,melancholia capitis accedit post       
phrenesim aut longam moram sub sole1 aut
 percussionem in capite1 cap4 #ac4 lib4 
#a4  #bdci4 ,qui bibunt vina potentia1  
et saepe sunt sub sole4  #bddj4 ,curae  
validae1 largioris vini et aromatum     

usus4  #bdda4 ,a cauterio et ulcere     
exsiccato4  #bddb4 ,ab ulcere curato    
incidit in insaniam1 aperto vulnere     
curatur4  #bddc4 ,a galea nimis         
calefacta4  #bddd4 ,exuritur sanguis et 
venae obstruuntur1 quibus obstructis    
prohibetur transitus ,chili ad jecur1   
corrumpitur et in rugitus et flatus     
vertitur4  #bdde4 ,stomacho laeso robur 
corporis imminuitur1 et reliqua membra  
alimento orbata1 c4  #bddf4 ,hildesheim4
  #bddg4 ,habuit saeva animi symptomata 
quae impediunt concoctionem1 c4  #bddh4 
,usitatissimus morbus cum sit1 utile est
 hujus visceris accidentia considerare1 
nec leve periculum hujus causas morbi   
ignorantibus4  #bddi4 ,jecur aptum ad   
generandum talem humorem1 splen natura  
imbecillior4 ,piso1 ,altomarus1         
,guianerius4  #bdej4 ,melancholiam1 quae
 fit a redundantia humoris in toto      
corpore1 victus imprimis generat qui eum
 humorem parit4  #bdea4 ,ausonius4      
#bdeb4 ,seneca cont4 lib4 #aj4 cont4 #e4
  #bdec4 ,quaedam universalia1          

particulariae1 quaedam manifesta1       
quaedam in corpore1 quaedam in          
cogitatione et animo1 quaedam a stellis1
 quaedam ab humoribus1 quae ut vinum    
corpus varie disponit1 c4 ,diversa      
phantasmata pro varietate causae        
externae1 internae4  #bded4 ,lib4 #a4 de
 risu4 fol4 #ag4 ,ad ejus esum alii     
sudant1 alii vomunt1 stent1 bibunt1     
saltant1 alii rident1 tremunt1 dormiunt1
 c4  #bdee4 ,t4 ,bright4 cap4 #bj4      
#bdef4 ,nigrescit hic humer aliquando   
supercalefactus1 aliquando              
superfrigefactus4 ,melanel4 a ,gal4     
#bdeg4 ,interprete ,f4 ,calvo4  #bdeh4  
,oculi his excavantur1 venti gignuntur  
circum praecordia et acidi ructus1 sicci
 fere ventres1 vertigo1 tinnitus aurium1
 somni pusilli1 somnia terribilia et    
interrupta4  #bdei4 ,virg4 ,aen4  #bdfj4
 ,assiduae eaeque acidae ructationes    
quae cibum virulentum culentumque       
nidorem1 et si nil tale ingestum sit1   
referant ob cruditatem4 ,ventres hisce  
aridi1 somnus plerumque parcus et       

interruptus1 somnia absurdissima1       
turbulenta1 corporis tremor1 capitis    
gravedo1 strepitus circa aures et       
visiones ante oculos1 ad venerem        
prodigi4  #bdfa4 ,altomarus1 ,bruel1    
,piso1 ,montaltus4  #bdfb4 ,frequentes  
habent oculorum nictationes1 aliqui     
tamen fixis oculis plerumque sunt4      
#bdfc4 ,cent4 lib4 #a4 ,tract4 #i4      
,signa hujus morbi sunt plurimus saltus1
 sonitus aurium1 capitis gravedo1 lingua
 titubat1 oculi excavantur1 c4  #bdfd4  
,in ,pantheon cap4 de ,melancholia4     
#bdfe4 ,alvus arida nihil dejiciens cibi
 capaces1 nihilominus tamen extenuati   
sunt4  #bdff4 ,nic ,piso ,inflatio      
carotidum1 c4  #bdfg4 ,andreas ,dudith  
,rahamo4 cp4 lib4 #c4 ,crat epist4 multa
 in pulsibus superstitio1 ausim etiam   
dicere1 tot differentias quae           
describuntur a ,galeno1 neque intelligi 
a quoquam nec observari posse4  #bdfh4  
,t4 ,bright4 cap4 #bj4  #bdfi4 ,post4   
#dj4 aetat4 annum1 saith ,jacchinus in  
#ae4 #i4 ,rhasis ,idem4 ,mercurialis    

consil4 #hf4 ,trincavelius1 ,tom4 #b4   
cons4 #ag4  #bdgj4 ,gordonius1 modo     
rident1 modo flent1 silent1 c4  #bdga4  
,fernelius consil4 #dc4 et #de4         
,montanus consil4 #bcj4 ,galen de locis 
affectis1 lib4 #c cap4 #f4  #bdgb4      
,aphorism et lib4 de ,melan4  #bdgc4    
,lib4 #b4 cap4 #f4 de locis affect4     
timor et moestitia1 si diutius          
perseverent1 c4  #bdgd4 ,tract4 posthumo
 de ,melan4 edit4 ,venetiis #afbj4 per  
,bolzettam ,bibliop4 ,mihi diligentius  
hanc rem consideranti1 patet quosdam    
esse1 qui non laborant maerore et       
timore4  #bdge4 ,prob4 lib4 #c4  #bdgf4 
,physiog lib4 #a4 c4 #h4 ,quibus multa  
frigida bilis atra1 stolidi et timidi1  
at qui calidi1 ingeniosi1 amasii1       
divinosi1 spiritu instigati1 c4  #bdgg4 
,omnes exercent metus et tristitia1 et  
sine causa4  #bdgh4 ,omnes timent licet 
non omnibus idem timendi modus ,aetius  
,tetrab4 lib4 #b4 sect4 c4 #i4  #bdgi4  
,ingenti pavore trepidant4  #bdhj4      
,multi mortem timent1 et tamen sibi     

ipsis mortem consciscunt1 alii coeli    
ruinam timent4  #bdha4 ,affligit eos    
plena scrupulis conscientia1 divinae    
misericordiae diffidentes1 ,orco se     
destinant foeda lamentatione            
deplorantes4  #bdhb4 ,non ausus egredi  
domo ne deficeret4  #bdhc4 ,multi       
daemones timent1 latrones1 insidias1    
,avicenna4  #bdhd4 ,alii comburi1 alii  
de ,rege1 ,rhasis4  #bdhe4 ,ne terra    
absorbeantur4 ,forestus4  #bdhf4 ,ne    
terra dehiscat4 ,gordon4  #bdhg4 ,alii  
timore mortis timentur et mala gratia   
principum putant se aliquid commisisse  
et ad supplicium requiri4  #bdhh4 ,alius
 domesticos timet1 alius omnes4 ,aetius4
  #bdhi4 ,alii timent insidias4 ,aurel4 
lib4 #a4 de morb4 ,chron4 cap4 #f4      
#bdij4 ,ille charissimos1 hic omnes     
homines citra discrimen timet4  #bdia4  
,virgil4  #bdib4 ,hic in lucem prodire  
timet1 tenebrasque quaerit1 contra1 ille
 caliginosa fugit4  #bdic4 ,quidam      
larvas1 et malos spiritus ab inimicis   
veneficius et incantationibus sibi      

putant objectari1 ,hippocrates1 potionem
 se veneficam sumpsisse putat1 et de hac
 ructare sibi crebro videtur4 ,idem     
,montaltus cap4 #ba4 ,aetius lib4 #b4 et
 alii4 ,trallianus l4 #a4 cap4 #af4     
#bdid4 ,observat4 l4 #a4 ,quando iis nil
 nocet1 nisi quod mulieribus            
melancholicis4  #bdie4 tamen metusque   
causae nescius1 causa est metus4        
,heinsius ,austriaco4  #bdif4 ,cap4 #ae4
 in #i4 ,rhasis1 in multis vidi1 praeter
 rationem semper aliquid timent1 in     
caeteris tamen optime se gerunt1 neque  
aliquid praeter dignitatem committunt4  
#bdig4 ,altomarus cap4 #g4 ,areteus1    
triste1 sunt4  #bdih4 ,mant4 ,egl4 #a4  
#bdii4 ,ovid4 ,met4 #d4  #bejj4 ,inquies
 animus4  #beja4 ,hor4 l4 #c4 ,od4 #a4  
,dark care rides behind him4  #bejb4    
,virg4  #bejc4 ,mened4 ,heautont4 ,act4 
#a4 sc4 #a4  #bejd4 ,altomarus4  #beje4 
,seneca4  #bejf4 ,cap4 #ca4 ,quo        
stomachi dolore correptum se1 etiam de  
consciscenda morte cogitasse dixit4     
#bejg4 ,luget et semper tristatur1      

solitudinem amat1 mortem sibi precatur1 
vitam propriam odio habet4  #bejh4      
,facile in iram incidunt4 ,aret4  #beji4
 ,ira sine causa1 velocitas irae4       
,savanarola4 pract4 major4 velocitas    
irae signum4 ,avicenna l4 #c4 ,fen4 #a4 
,tract4 #d4 cap4 #ah4 ,angor sine causa4
  #beaj4 ,suspicio1 diffidentia1        
symptomata1 ,crato ,ep4 ,julio          
,alexandrino cons4 #ahe ,scoltzii4      
#beaa4 ,hor4 ,at ,rome1 wishing for the 
fields1 in the country1 extolling the   
city to the skies4  #beab4 ,pers4 ,sat4 
#c4 ,and like the children of nobility1 
require to eat pap1 and1 angry at the   
nurse1 refuse her to sing lullaby4      
#beac4 ,in his ,dutch work picture4     
#bead4 ,howard cap4 #g4 differ4  #beae4 
,tract4 de mel4 cap4 #b4 ,noctu ambulant
 per sylvas1 et loca periculosa1 neminem
 timent4  #beaf4 ,facile amant4 ,altom4 
#beag4 ,bodine4  #beah4 ,io4 ,major     
vitis patrum fol4 #bjb4 ,paulus ,abbas  
,eremita tanta solitudine1 perseverat1  
ut nec vestem1 nec vultum mulieris ferre

 possit1 c4  #beai4 ,consult1 lib4 #a4  
#ag4 ,cons4  #bebj4 ,generally as they  
are pleased or displeased1 so are their 
continual cogitations pleasing or       
displeasing4  #beba4 ,omnes excercent1  
vanae intensaeque animi cogitationes1   
7,n4 ,piso ,bruel7 et assiduae4  #bebb4 
,curiosi de rebus minimis4 ,areteus4    
#bebc4 ,lib4 #b4 de ,intell4  #bebd4    
,hoc melancholicis omnibus proprium1 ut 
quas semel imaginationes valde          
reciperint1 non facile rejiciant1 sed   
hae etiam vel invitis semper occurrant4 
#bebe4 ,tullius de sen4  #bebf4 ,consil4
 med4 pro ,hypochondriaco4  #bebg4      
,consil4 #dc4  #bebh4 ,cap4 #e4  #bebi4 
,lib4 #b4 de ,intell4  #becj4 ,consult4 
#ae4 et #af4 lib4 #a4  #beca4 ,virg4    
,aen4 #f4  #becb4 ,iliad4 #c4  #becc4   
,si malum exasperantur1 homines odio    
habent et solitaria petunt4  #becd4     
,democritus solet noctes et dies apud se
 degere1 plerumque autem in speluncis1  
sub amaenis arborum umbris vel in       
tenebris1 et mollibus herbis1 vel ad    

aquarum crebra et quieta fluenta1 c4    
#bece4 ,gaudet tenebris1 aliturque      
dolor4 ,ps4 lxii4 ,vigilavi et factus   
sum velut nycticorax in domicilio1      
passer solitarius in templo4  #becf4 ,et
 quae vix audet fabula1 monstra parit4  
#becg4 ,in cap4 #ah4 l4 #aj4 de civ4    
dei1 ,lunam ab ,asino epotam videus4    
#bech4 ,vel4 l4 #d4 c4 #e4  #beci4      
,sect4 #b4 ,memb4 #a4 ,subs4 #d4  #bedj4
 ,de reb4 coelest4 lib4 #aj4 c4 #ac4    
#beda4 l4 de ,indagine ,goclenius4      
#bedb4 ,hor4 de art4 poet4  #bedc4      
,tract4 #g4 de ,melan4  #bedd4 ,humidum1
 calidum1 frigidum1 siccum4  #bede4     
,com4 in #a c4 ,johannis de ,sacrobosco4
  #bedf4 ,si residet melancholia        
naturalis1 tales plumbei coloris aut    
nigri1 stupidi1 solitarii4  #bedg4 ,non 
una melancholiae causa est1 nec unus    
humor vitii parens1 sed plures1 et alius
 aliter mutatus1 unde non omnes eadem   
sentiunt symptomata4  #bedh4 ,humor     
frigidus delirii causa1 humor calidus   
furoris4  #bedi4 ,multum refert qua     

quisque melancholia teneatur1 hunc      
fervens et accensa agitat1 illum tristis
 et frigens occupat3 hi timidi1 illi    
inverecundi1 intrepidi1 c4  #beej4 ,cap4
 #g4 et #h4 ,tract4 de ,mel4  #beea4    
,signa melancholiae ex intemperie et    
agitatione spirituum sine materia4      
#beeb4 ,t4 ,bright cap4 #af4 ,treat4    
,mel4  #beec4 ,cap4 #af4 in #i4 ,rhasis4
  #beed4 ,bright1 c4 #af4  #beee4       
,pract4 major4 ,somnians1 piger1        
frigidus4  #beef4 ,de anima cap4 de     
humor4 si a ,phlegmate semper in aquis  
fere sunt1 et circa fluvios plorant     
multum4  #beeg4 ,pigra nascitur ex      
colore pallido et albo1 ,her4 de ,saxon4
  #beeh4 ,savanarola4  #beei4 ,muros    
cadere in se1 aut submergi timent1 cum  
torpore et segnitie1 et fluvios amant   
tales1 ,alexand4 c4 #af4 lib4 #g4       
#befj4 ,semper fere dormit somnolenta c4
 #af4 l4 #g4  #befa4 ,laurentius4       
#befb4 ,ca4 #f4 de mel4 ,si a sanguine1 
venit rubedo oculorum et faciei1        
plurimus risus4  #befc4 ,venae oculorum 

sunt rubrae1 vide an praecesserit vini  
et aromatum usus1 et frequens balneum1  
,trallian4 lib4 #a4 #af4 an praecesserit
 mora sub sole4  #befd4 ,ridet patiens  
si a sanguine1 putat se videre choreas1 
musicam audire1 ludos1 c4  #befe4 ,cap4 
#b4 ,tract4 de ,melan4  #beff4 ,hor4 ep4
 lib4 #b4 quidam haud ignobilis ,argis1 
c4  #befg4 ,lib4 de reb4 mir4  #befh4   
,cum inter concionandum mulier dormiens 
e subsellio caderet1 et omnes reliqui   
qui id viderent1 riderent1 tribus post  
diebus1 c4  #befi4 ,juvenis et non      
vulgaris eruditionis4  #begj4 ,si a     
cholera1 furibundi1 interficiunt1 se et 
alios1 putant se videre pugnas4  #bega4 
,urina subtilis et ignea1 parum         
dormiunt4  #begb4 ,tract4 #ae4 c4 #d4   
#begc4 ,ad haec perpetranda furore rapti
 ducuntur1 cruciatus quosvis tolerant1  
et mortem1 et furore exacerbato audent  
et ad supplicia plus irritantur1 mirum  
est quantam habeant in tormentis        
patientiam4  #begd4 ,tales plus caeteris
 timent1 et continue tristantur1 valde  

suspiciosi1 solitudinem diligunt1       
corruptissimas habent imaginationes1 c4 
#bege4 ,si a melancholia adusta1        
tristes1 de sepulchris somniant1 timent 
ne fascinentur1 putant se mortuos1      
aspici nolunt4  #begf4 ,videntur sibi   
videre monachos nigros et daemonos1 et  
suspensos et mortuos4  #begg4 ,quavis   
nocte se cum daemone coire putavit4     
#begh4 ,semper fere vidisse militem     
nigrum praesentem4  #begi4 ,anthony de  
,verdeur4  #behj4 ,quidam mugitus boum  
aemulantur1 et pecora se putant1 ut     
,praeti filiae4  #beha4 ,baro quidam    
mugitus boum et rugitus asinorum1 et    
aliorum animalium voces effingit4       
#behb4 ,omnia magna putabat1 uxorem     
magnam1 grandes equos1 abhorruit omnia  
parva1 magna pocula1 et calceamenta     
pedibus majora4  #behc4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4  
#af4 putavit se uno digito posse totum  
mundum conterere4  #behd4 ,sustinet     
humeris coelum cum ,atlante4 ,alii coeli
 ruinam timent4  #behe4 ,cap4 #a4       
,tract4 #ae4 alius se gallum putat1     

alius lusciniam4  #behf4 ,trallianus4   
#behg4 ,cap4 #g4 de mel4  #behh4        
,anthony de ,verdeur4  #behi4 ,cap4 #g4 
de mel4  #beij4 ,laurentius cap4 #f4    
#beia4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #ad4 qui se regem 
putavit regno expulsum4  #beib4         
,dipnosophist4 lib4 ,thrasilaus putavit 
omnes naves in ,pireum portum           
appellantes suas esse4  #beic4 ,de hist4
 ,med4 mirab4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #a4  #beid4 
,genibus flexis loqui cum illo voluit1  
et adstare jam tum putavit1 c4  #beie4  
,gordonius1 quod sit propheta1 et       
inflatus a spiritu sancto4  #beif4 ,qui 
forensibus causis insudat1 nil nisi     
arresta cogitat1 et supplices libellos1 
alius non nisi versus facit4 ,p4        
,forestus4  #beig4 ,gordonius4  #beih4  
,verbo non exprimunt1 nec opere1 sed    
alta mente recondunt1 et sunt viri      
prudentissimi1 quos ego saepe novi1 cum 
multi sint sine timore1 ut qui se reges 
et mortuis putant1 plura signa quidam   
habent1 pauciora1 majora1 minora4       
#beii4 ,trallianus1 lib4 #a4 #af4 alii  

intervalla quaedam habent1 ut etiam     
consueta administrent1 alii in continuo 
delirio sunt1 c4  #bfjj4 ,prac4 mag4    
,vera tantum et autumno4  #bfja4 ,lib4  
de humeribus4  #bfjb4 ,guianerius4      
#bfjc4 ,de mentis alienat4 cap4 #c4     
#bfjd4 ,levinus ,lemnius1 ,jason        
,pratensis1 blanda ab initio4  #bfje4 ,a
 most agreeable mental delusion4  #bfjf4
 ,hor4  #bfjg4 ,facilis descensus       
averni4  #bfjh4 ,virg4  #bfji4 ,corpus  
cadaverosum4 ,psa4 lxvii4 cariosa est   
facies mea prae aegritudine animae4     
#bfaj4 ,lib4 #i4 ad ,ahnansorem4  #bfaa4
 ,practica majore4  #bfab4 ,quum ore    
loquitur quae corde concepit1 quum      
subito de una re ad aliud transit1 neque
 rationem de aliquo reddit1 tunc est in 
medio1 at quum incipit operari quae     
loquitur1 in summo gradu est4  #bfac4   
,cap4 #ai4 ,partic4 #b4 ,loquitur secum 
et ad alios1 ac si vere praesentes4     
,aug4 cap4 #aa4 li4 de cura pro mortuis 
gerenda4 ,rhasis4  #bfad4 ,quum res ad  
hoc devenit1 ut ea quae cogitare        

caeperit1 ore promat1 atque acta        
permisceat1 tum perfecta melancholia    
est4  #bfae4 ,melancholicus se videre et
 audire putat daemones4 ,lavater de     
spectris1 part4 #c4 cap4 #b4  #bfaf4    
,wierus1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #ca4  #bfag4     
,michael a musian4  #bfah4 ,malleo      
malef4  #bfai4 ,lib4 de atra bile4      
#bfbj4 ,part4 #a4 ,subs4 #b1 ,memb4 #b4 
#bfba4 ,de delirio1 melancholia et      
mania4  #bfbb4 ,nicholas ,piso4 ,si     
signa circa ventriculum non apparent nec
 sanguis male affectus1 et adsunt timor 
et maestitia1 cerebrum ipsum            
existimandum est1 c4  #bfbc4 ,tract4 de 
mel4 cap4 #ac1 c4 ,ex intemperie        
spirituum1 et cerebri motu1             
tenebrositate4  #bfbd4 ,facie sunt      
rubente et livescente1 quibus etiam     
aliquando adsunt pustulae4  #bfbe4 ,jo4 
,pantheon4 cap4 de ,mel4 ,si cerebrum   
primario afficiatur adsunt capitis      
gravitas1 fixi oculi1 c4  #bfbf4        
,laurent4 cap4 #e4 si a cerebro ex      
siccitate1 tum capitis erit levitas1    

sitis1 vigilia1 paucitas superfluitatum 
in oculis et naribus4  #bfbg4 ,si nulla 
digna laesio1 ventriculo1 quoniam in hac
 melancholia capitis1 exigua nonnunquam 
ventriculi pathemata coeunt1 duo enim   
haec membra sibi invicem affectionem    
transmittunt4  #bfbh4 ,postrema magis   
flatuosa4  #bfbi4 ,si minus molestiae   
circa ventriculum aut ventrem1 in iis   
cerebrum primario afficitur1 et curare  
oportet hunc affectum1 per cibos flatus 
exortes1 et bonae concoctionis1 c4 raro 
cerebrum afficitur sine ventriculo4     
#bfcj4 ,sanguinem adurit caput calidius1
 et inde fumi melancholici adusti1      
animum exagitant4  #bfca4 ,lib4 de loc4 
affect4 cap4 #f4  #bfcb4 ,cap4 #f4      
#bfcc4 ,hildesheim spicel4 #a4 de mel4  
,in ,hypochondriaca melancholia adeo    
ambigua sunt symptomata1 ut etiam       
exercitatissimi medici de loco affecto  
statuere non possint4  #bfcd4 ,medici de
 loco affecto nequeunt statuere4  #bfce4
 ,tract4 posthumo de mel4 ,patavii edit4
 #afbj4 per ,bozettum ,bibliop4 cap4 #b4

  #bfcf4 ,acidi ructus1 cruditates1     
aestus in praecordiis1 flatus1 interdum 
ventriculi dolores vehementes1 sumptoque
 cibo concoctu difficili1 sputum humidum
 idque multum sequetur1 c4 ,hip4 lib4 de
 mel4 ,galenus1 ,melanelius e ,ruffo et 
,aetio1 ,altomarus1 ,piso1 ,montaltus1  
,bruel1 ,wecker1 c4  #bfcg4 ,circa      
praecordia de assidua in flatione       
queruntur1 et cum sudore totius corporis
 importuno1 frigidos articulos saepe    
patiuntur1 indigestione laborant1 ructus
 suos insuaves perhorrescunt1 viscerum  
dolores habent4  #bfch4 ,montaltus1 c4  
#ac4 ,wecker1 ,fuchsius c4 #ac4         
,altomarus c4 #g4 ,laurentius c4 #gc4   
,bruel1 ,gordon4  #bfci4 ,pract4 major3 
dolor in eo et ventositas1 nausea4      
#bfdj4 ,ut atra densaque nubes soli     
effusa1 radios et lumen ejus intercipit 
et offuscat2 sic1 etc4  #bfda4 ,ut fumus
 e camino4  #bfdb4 ,hypochondriaci      
maxime affectant coire1 et multiplicatur
 coitus in ipsis1 eo quod ventositates  
multiplicantur in hypochondriis1 et     

coitus saepe allevat has ventositates4  
#bfdc4 ,cont4 lib4 #a4 tract4 #i4       
#bfdd4 ,wecker1 ,melancholicus succus   
toto corpore redundans4  #bfde4 ,splen  
natura imbecilior4 ,montaltus cap4 #bb4 
#bfdf4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 ,interrogare 
convenit1 an aliqua evacuationis        
retentio obvenerit1 viri in             
haemmorrhoid1 mulierum menstruis1 et    
vide faciem similiter an sit rubicunda4 
#bfdg4 ,naturales nigri acquisiti a toto
 corpore1 saepe rubicundi4  #bfdh4      
,montaltus cap4 #bb4 ,piso4 ,ex colore  
sanguinis si minuas venam1 si fluat     
niger1 c4  #bfdi4 ,apul4 lib4 #a4 semper
 obviae species mortuorum quicquid      
umbrarum est uspiam1 quicquid lemurum et
 larvarum oculis suis aggerunt1 sibi    
fingunt omnia noctium occursacula1 omnia
 busforum formidamina1 omnia            
sepulchrorum terriculamenta4  #bfej4    
,differt enim ab ea quae viris et       
reliquis feminis communiter contingit1  
propriam habens causam4  #bfea4 ,ex     
menstrui sanguinis tetra ad cor et      

cerebrum exhalatione1 vitiatum semen    
mentem perturbat1 c4 non per essentiam1 
sed per consensum4 ,animus moerens et   
anxius inde malum trahit1 et spiritus   
cerebrum obfuscantur1 quae cuncta       
augentur1 c4  #bfeb4 ,cum tacito delirio
 ac dolore alicujus partis internae1    
dorsi1 hypochondrii1 cordis regionem et 
universam mammam interdum occupantis1 c4
 ,cutis aliquando squalida1 aspera1     
rugosa1 praecipue cubitis1 genibus1 et  
digitorum articulis1 praecordia ingenti 
saepe torrore aestuant et pulsant1      
cumque vapor excitatus sursum evolat1   
cor palpitat aut premitur1 animus       
deficit1 c4  #bfec4 ,animi dejectio1    
perversa rerum existimatio1 praeposterum
 judicium4 ,fastidiosae1 languentes1    
taediosae1 consilii inopes1 lachrymosae1
 timentes1 moestae1 cum summa rerum     
meliorum desperatione1 nulla re         
delectantur1 solitudinem amant1 c4      
#bfed4 ,nolunt aperire molestiam quam   
patiuntur1 sed conqueruntur tamen de    
capite1 corde1 mammis1 c4 ,in puteos    

fere maniaci prosilire1 ac strangulari  
cupiunt1 nulla orationis suavitate ad   
spem salutis recuperandam erigi1 c4     
,familiares non curant1 non loquuntur1  
non respondent1 c4 et haec graviora1 si1
 c4  #bfee4 ,clisteres et ,helleborismum
 ,mathioli summe laudat4  #bfef4 ,examen
 conc4 ,trident4 de coelibatu sacerd4   
#bfeg4 ,cap4 de ,satyr4 et ,priapis4    
#bfeh4 ,part4 #c4 sect4 #b4 ,memb4 #e4  
,sub4 #e4  #bfei4 ,lest you may imagine 
that ,i patronise that widow or this    
virgin1 ,i shall not add another word4  
#bffj4 ,vapores crassi et nigri1 a      
ventriculo in cerebrum exhalant4 ,fel4  
,platerus4  #bffa4 ,calidi hilares1     
frigidi indispositi ad laetitiam1 et    
ideo solitarii1 taciturni1 non ob       
tenebras internas1 ut medici volunt1 sed
 ob frigus3 multi melancholici nocte    
ambulant intrepidi4  #bffb4 ,vapores    
melancholici1 spiritibus misti1         
tenebrarum causse sunt1 cap4 #a4  #bffc4
 ,intemperies facit succum nigrum1      
nigrities1 obscurat spiritum1 obscuratio

 spiritus facit metum et tristiam4      
#bffd4 ,ut nubecula ,solern offuscat4   
,constantinus lib4 de melanch4  #bffe4  
,altomarus c4 #g4 ,causam timoris       
circumfert aler humor passionis materia1
 et atri spiritus perpetuam animae      
domicilio offundunt noctem4  #bfff4     
,pone exemplum1 quod quis potest        
ambulare super trahem quae est in via3  
sed si sit super aquam profundam1 loco  
pontis1 non ambulabit super eam1 eo quod
 imaginetur in animo et timet           
vehementer1 forma cadendi impressa1 cui 
obediunt membra omnia1 et facultates    
reliquae4  #bffg4 ,lib4 #b4 de          
intellectione4 ,susoiciosi ob timorem et
 obliquum discursum1 et semper inde     
putant sibi fieri insidias4 ,lauren4 #e4
  #bffh4 ,tract4 de mel4 cap4 #g4 ,ex   
dilatione1 contractione1 confusione1    
tenebrositate spirituum1 calida1 frigida
 intemperie1 c4  #bffi4 ,illud          
inquisitione dignum1 cur tam falsa      
recipiant1 habere se cornua1 esse       
mortuos1 nasutos1 esse aves1 c4  #bfgj4 

#a4 ,dispositio corporis4 #b4 ,occasio  
,imaginationis4  #bfga4 ,in pro4 li4 de 
coelo4 ,vehemens et assidua cogitatio   
rei erga quam afficitur1 spiritus in    
cerebrum evocat4  #bfgb4 ,melancholici  
ingeniosi omnes1 summi viri in artibus  
et disciplinis1 sive circum imperatoriam
 aut reip4 disciplinam omnes fere       
melancholici1 ,aristoteles4  #bfgc4     
,adeo miscentur1 ut sit duplum sanguinis
 ad reliqua duo4  #bfgd4 ,lib4 #b4 de   
intellectione4 ,pingui sunt ,minerva    
phlegmatici3 sanguinei amabiles1 grati1 
hilares1 at non ingeniosi2 cholerici    
celerna motu1 et ob id contemplationis  
impatientes3 ,melancholici solum        
excellentes1 c4  #bfge4 ,trepidantium   
vox tremula1 quia cor quatitur4  #bfgf4 
,ob ariditatem quae reddit nervos       
linguae torpidos4  #bfgg4 ,incontinentia
 linguae ex copia flatuum1 et velocitate
 imaginationis4  #bfgh4 ,calvities ob   
ficcitatis excessum4  #bfgi4 ,aetius4   
#bfhj4 ,lauren4 c4 #ac4  #bfha4 ,tetrab4
 #b4 ser4 #b4 cap4 #aj4  #bfhb4 ,ant4   

,lodovicus prob4 lib4 #a4 sect4 #e4 de  
atrabilariis4  #bfhc4 ,subrusticus pudor
 vitiosus pudor4  #bfhd4 ,ob ignominiam 
aut turpedinem facti1 c4  #bfhe4 ,de    
symp4 et ,antip4 cap4 #ab4 laborat      
facies ob praesentiam ejus qui defectum 
nostrum videt1 et natura quasi opem     
latura calorem illuc mittit1 calor      
sanguinem trahit1 undo rubor1 audaces   
non rubent1 c4  #bfhf4 ,ob gaudium et   
voluptatem foras exit sanguis1 aut ob   
melioris reverentiam1 aut ob subitum    
occursum1 aut si quid incautius         
exciderit4  #bfhg4 ,com4 in ,arist4 de  
anima4 ,coeci ut plurimum impudentes1   
nox facit impudentes4  #bfhh4 ,alexander
 ,aphrodisiensis makes all bashfulness a
 virtue1 eamque se refert in seipso     
experiri solitum1 etsi esset admodum    
sanex4  #bfhi4 ,saepe post cibum apti ad
 ruborem1 ex potu vini ex timore saepe1 
et ab hepate calido1 cerebro calido1 c4 
#bfij4 ,com4 in ,arist4 de anima1 tam a 
vi et inexperientia quam a vitio4       
#bfia4 ,de oratore1 quid ipse risus1 quo

 pacto concitatur1 ubi sit1 c4  #bfib4  
,diaphragma titillant1 quia transversum 
et nervosum1 quia titillatione moto     
sensu atque arteriis distentis1 spiritus
 inde latera1 venas1 os1 oculos         
occupant4  #bfic4 ,ex calefactione      
humidi cerebri3 nam ex sicco lachrymae  
non fluunt4  #bfid4 ,res mirandas       
imaginantur3 et putant se videre quae   
nec vident1 nec audiunt4  #bfie4 ,laet4 
lib4 #ac4 cap4 #b4 descript4 ,indiae    
,occident4  #bfif4 ,lib4 #a4 ca4 #ag4   
cap4 de mel4  #bfig4 ,insani1 et qui    
morti vicini sunt1 res quas extra se    
videre putant1 intra oculos habent4     
#bfih4 ,cap4 #aj4 de ,spirit            
apparitione4  #bfii4 ,de occult4 ,nat4  
mirac4  #bgjj4 ,o mother6 ,i beseech you
 not to persecute me with those         
horrible-looking furies4 ,see6 see6 they
 attack1 they assault me6  #bgja4       
,peace6 peace6 unhappy being1 for you do
 not see what you think you see4  #bgjb4
 ,seneca4 ,quod metuunt nimis1 nunquam  
amoveri posse1 nec tolli putant4  #bgjc4

 ,sanguis upupoe cum melle compositus et
 centaurea1 c4 ,albertus4  #bgjd4 ,lib4 
#a4 occult4 philos4 ,imperiti homines   
daemonum et umbrarum imagines videre se 
putant1 quum nihil sint aliud1 quam     
simulachra animae expertia4  #bgje4     
,pythonissae vocum varietatem in ventre 
et gutture fingentes formant voces      
humanas a longe vel prope1 prout volunt1
 ac si spiritus cum homine loqueretur1  
et sonos brutorum fingunt1 c4  #bgjf4   
,gloucester cathedral4  #bgjg4 ,tam     
clare et articulate audies repetitum1 ut
 perfectior sit ,echo quam ipse dixeris4
  #bgjh4 ,blowing of bellows1 and       
knocking of hammers1 if they apply their
 ear to the cliff4  #bgji4 ,memb4 #a4   
,sub4 #c4 of this partition1 cap4 #af1  
in #i4 ,rhasis4  #bgaj4 ,signa daemonis 
nulla sunt nisi quod loquantur ea quae  
ante nesciebant1 ut ,teutonicum aut     
aliud ,idioma1 c4  #bgaa4 ,cap #ab4     
tract4 de mel4  #bgab4 ,tract4 #ae4 c4  
#d4  #bgac4 ,cap #i4  #bgad4 ,mira vis  
concitat humores1 ardorque vehemens     

mentem exagitat1 quum1 c4  #bgae4       
,praefat4 ,iamblici mysteriis4  #bgaf4  
,si melancholicis haemorroides          
supervenerint varices1 vel ut quibusdam 
placet1 aqua inter cutem1 solvilur      
malum4  #bgag4 ,cap4 #aj4 de quartana4  
#bgah4 ,cum sanguis exit per superficiem
 et residet melancholia per scabiem1    
morpheam nigram1 vel expurgatur per     
inferiores partes1 vel urinam1 c41 non  
erit1 c4 spen magnificatur et varices   
apparent4  #bgai4 ,quia jam conversa in 
naturam4  #bgbj4 ,in quocunque sit a    
quacunque causa ,hypocon4 praesertim1   
semper est longa1 morosa1 nec facile    
curari potest4  #bgba4 ,regina morborum 
et inexorabilis4  #bgbb4 ,omne delirium 
quod oritur a paucitate cerebri         
incurabile1 ,hildesheim1 spicel4 #b4 de 
mania4  #bgbc4 ,si sola imaginatio      
laedatur1 et non ratio4  #bgbd4 ,mala a 
sanguine fervente1 deterior a bile      
assata1 pessima ab atra bile putrefacta4
  #bgbe4 ,difficilior cura ejus quae fit
 vitio corporis totius et cerebri4      

#bgbf4 ,difficilis curatu in viris1     
multo difficilio in faeminis4  #bgbg4   
,ad interitum plerumque homines         
comitatur1 licet medici levent          
plerumque1 tamen non tollunt unquam1 sed
 recidet acerbior quam antea minima     
occasione1 aut errore4  #bgbh4          
,periculum est ne degenereret in        
,epilepsiam1 ,apoplexiam1 ,convulsionem1
 caecitatem4  #bgbi4 ,montal4 c4 #be4   
,laurentius4 ,nic4 ,piso4  #bgcj4 ,her4 
de ,soxonia1 ,aristotle1 ,capivaccius4  
#bgca4 ,favent4 ,humor frigidus sola    
delirii causa1 furoris vero humor       
calidus4  #bgcb4 ,heurnius calls madness
 sobolem malancholiae4  #bgcc4          
,alesander l4 #a4 c4 #ah4  #bgcd4 ,lib4 
#a4 part4 #b4 c4 #aa4  #bgce4 ,montalt4 
c4 #ae4 ,raro mors aut nunquam1 nisi    
sibi ipsis inferant4  #bgcf4 ,lib4 de   
,insan4 ,fabio ,calico ,interprete4     
#bgcg4 ,nonulli violentas manus sibi    
inferunt4  #bgch4 ,lucret4 l4 #c4       
#bgci4 ,lib4 #b4 de intell4 saepe mortem
 sibi consciscunt ob timorem et         

tristitiam taedeio vitae affecti ob     
furorem et desperationem4 ,est enim     
infera1 c4 ,ergo sic perpetuo afflictati
 vitam oderunt1 se praecipitant1 his    
malis carituri aut interficiunt se1 aut 
tale quid committunt4  #bgdj4 ,psal4    
cvii4 #aj4  #bgda4 ,job xxxiii4  #bgdb4 
,job4 vi4 #h4  #bgdc4 ,vi doloris et    
tristitiae ad insaniam pene redactus4   
#bgdd4 ,seneca4  #bgde4 ,in salutis suae
 desperatione proponunt sibi mortis     
desiderium1 ,oct4 ,horat l4 #b4 c4 #e4  
#bgdf4 ,lib4 de insania4 ,sic sic juvat 
ire per umbras4  #bgdg4 ,cap4 #c4 de    
mentis alienat4 maesti degunt1 dum      
tandem mortem quam timent1 suspendio aut
 submersione1 aut aliqua alia vi1 ut    
multa tristia exempla vidimus4  #bgdh4  
,arculanus in #i4 ,rhasis1 c4 #af4      
cavendum ne ex alto se praecipitent aut 
alias laedant4  #bgdi4 ,o omnium        
opinionibus incogitabile malum4 ,lucian4
 ,mortesque mille1 mille dum vivit neces
 gerit1 peritque ,hensius ,austriaco4   
#bgej4 ,regina morborum cui famulantur  

omnes et obediunt4 ,cardan4  #bgea4     
,eheu quis intus ,scorpio1 c4 ,seneca   
,act4 #d4 ,herc4 ,o ,et4  #bgeb4 ,silius
 ,italicus4  #bgec4 ,lib4 #bi4  #bged4  
,hic omnis imbonitas et insuavitas      
consistit1 ut ,tertulliani verbis utar1 
orat4 ad4 martyr4  #bgee4 ,plautus4     
#bgef4 ,vit4 ,herculis4  #bgeg4         
,persius4  #bgeh4 ,quid est miserius in 
vita1 quam velle mori8 ,seneca4  #bgei4 
,tom4 #b4 ,libello1 an graviores        
passiones1 c4  #bgfj4 ,ter4  #bgfa4     
,patet exitus2 si pugnare non vultis1   
licet fugere2 quis vos tenet invitos8   
,de provid4 cap4 #h4  #bgfb4 ,agamus    
,deo gratias1 quod nemo invitus in vita 
teneri potest4  #bgfc4 ,epist4 #bf4     
,seneca et de sacra4 #b4 cap4 #ae4 et   
,epist4 #gj4 et #ab4  #bgfd4 ,lib4 #b4  
cap4 #hc4 ,terra mater nostri miserta4  
#bgfe4 ,epist4 #bd4 #ga4 #bb4  #bgff4   
,mac4 #ad4 #db4  #bgfg4 ,vindicatio     
,apoc4 lib4  #bgfh4 ,finding that he    
would be destined to endure excruciating
 pain of the feet1 and additional       

tortures1 he abstained from food        
altogether4  #bgfi4 ,as amongst ,turks  
and others4  #bggj4 ,bohemus de moribus 
gent4  #bgga4 ,aelian4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #a4
 omnes #gj4 annum egressos interficiunt4
  #bggb4 ,lib4 #b4 ,praesertim quum     
tormentum ei vita sit1 bona spe fretus1 
acerba vita velut a carcere se eximat1  
vel ab aliis eximi sua voluntate        
patiatur4  #bggc4 ,nam quis amphoram    
exsiccans foecem exorberet 7,seneca     
epist4 #eh47 quis in poenas et risum    
viveret8 stulti est manere in vita cum  
sit miser4  #bggd4 ,expedit4 ad ,sinas  
l4 #a4 c4 #i4 ,vel bonorum desperatione1
 vel malorum perpessione fracti et      
fagitati1 vel manus violentas sibi      
inferunt vel ut inimicis suis aegre     
faciant1 c4  #bgge4 ,no one ever died in
 this way1 who would not have died some 
time or other2 but what does it signify 
how life itself may be ended1 since he  
who comes to the end is not obliged to  
die a second time8  #bggf4 ,so did      
,anthony1 ,galba1 ,vitellius1 ,otho1    

,aristotle himself1 c4 ,ajax in despair2
 ,cleopatra to save her honour4  #bggg4 
,incertius deligitur diu vivere quam in 
timore tot morborum semel moriendo1     
nullum deinceps formidare4  #bggh4 ,and 
now when ,ambrociotes was bidding       
farewell to the light of day1 and about 
to cast himself into the ,stygian pool1 
although he had not been guilty of any  
crime that merited death3 but1 perhaps1 
he had read that divine work of ,plato  
upon ,death4  #bggi4 ,curtius l4 #af4   
#bghj4 ,laqueus praecisus1 cont4 #a4 l4 
#e4 quidam naufragio facto1 amissis     
tribus liberis1 et uxore1 suspendit se2 
praecidit illi quidam ex praetereuntibus
 laqueum3 ,a liberato reus fit          
maleficii4 ,seneca4  #bgha4 ,see        
,lipsius ,manuduc4 ad ,stoicam          
philosophiam lib4 #c4 dissert4 #bb4 ,d4 
,kings #ad4 ,lect4 on ,jonas4 ,d4       
,abbot's #f ,lect4 on the same prophet4 
#bghb4 ,plautus4  #bghc4 ,martial4      
#bghd4 ,as to be buried out of          
,christian burial with a stake4 ,idem4  

,plato #i4 de legibus1 vult separatim   
sepeliri1 qui sibi ipsis mortem         
consciscunt1 c4 lose their goods1 c4    
#bghe4 ,navis destitutae nauclero1 in   
terribilem aliquem scopulum impingit4   
#bghf4 ,observat4  #bghg4 ,seneca tract4
 #a4 #a4 #h4 c4 #d4 ,lex ,homicida in se
 insepultus abjiciatur contradicitur2   
,eo quod afferre sibi manus coactus sit 
assiduis malis3 summam infelicitatem    
suam in hoc removit1 quod existimabat   
licere misero mori4  #bghh4 ,buchanan1  
,eleg4 lib4  #bghi4 ,consil4 #bcd4 pro  
,abbate ,italo4  #bgij4 ,consil4 #bc4   
aut curabitur1 aut certe minus          
afficietur1 si volet4  #bgia4 ,vide     
,renatum ,morey ,animad4 in scholam     
,salernit1 c4 #ch4 si ad #dj4 annos     
possent producere vitam1 cur non ad     
centum8 si ad centum1 cur non ad mille8 
#bgib4 ,hist4 ,chinensum4  #bgic4 ,alii 
dubitant an daemon possit morbus curare 
quos non fecit1 alii negant1 sed        
quotidiana experientia confirmat1 magos 
magno multorum stupore morbos curare1   

singulas corporis parte citra           
impedimentum permeare1 et mediis nobis  
ignotis curare4  #bgid4 ,agentia cum    
patientibus conjugant4  #bgie4 ,cap4    
#aa4 de ,servat4  #bgif4 ,haec alii     
rident1 sed vereor ne dum nolumus esse  
creduli1 vitium non efugiamus           
incredulitatis4  #bgig4 ,refert         
,solomonem mentis morbos curasse1 et    
daemones abegisse ipsos carminibus1 quod
 et coram ,vespasiano fecit ,eleazar4   
#bgih4 ,spirituales morbi spiritualiter 
curari debent4  #bgii4 ,sigillum ex auro
 peculiari ad ,melancholiam1 c4  #bhjj4 
,lib4 #a4 de occult4 ,philos4 nihil     
refert an ,deus an diabolus1 angeli an  
immundi spiritus aegro opem ferant1     
morbus curetur4  #bhja4 ,magus minister 
et ,vicarius ,dei4  #bhjb4 ,utere forti 
imaginatione et experieris effectum1    
dicant in adversum quicquid volunt      
,theologi4  #bhjc4 ,idem ,plinius       
contendit quosdam esse morbos qui       
incantationibus solum curentur4  #bhjd4 
,qui talibus credunt1 aut ad eorum domos

 euntes1 aut suis domibus introducunt1  
aut interrogant1 sciant se fidem        
,christianam et baptismum praevaricasse1
 et ,apostatas esse4 ,austin de         
superstit4 observ4 hoc pacto a ,deo     
deficitur ad diabolum1 ,p4 ,mart4       
#bhje4 ,mori praestat quam superstitiose
 sanari1 ,disquis4 mag4 l4 #b4 c4 #b4   
sect4 #a4 quaest4 #a4 ,tom4 #c4  #bhjf4 
,p4 ,lumbard4  #bhjg4 ,suffitus1        
gladiorum ictus1 c4  #bhjh4 ,the ,lord  
hath created medicines of the earth1 and
 he that is wise will not abhor them1   
,ecclus4 xxxviii4 #d4  #bhji4 ,my son1  
fail not in thy sickness1 but pray unto 
the ,lord1 and he will make thee whole1 
,ecclus4 xxxviii4 #i4  #bhaj4 ,huc omne 
principium1 huc refer exitum4 ,hor4 #c4 
carm4 ,od4 #f4  #bhaa4 ,music and fine  
fare can do no good4  #bhab4 ,hor4 l4   
#a4 ep4 #b4  #bhac4 ,sint ,craesi et    
,crassi licet1 non hos ,pactolus aureas 
undas agens eripiet unquam e miseriis4  
#bhad4 ,scientia de ,deo debet in medico
 infixa esse1 ,mesue ,arabs4 ,sanat     

omnes languores ,deus4 ,for you shall   
pray to your ,lord1 that he would       
prosper that which is given for ease1   
and then use physic for the prolonging  
of life1 ,ecclus4 xxxviii4 #d4  #bhae4  
#bg ,omnes optant quandam in medicina   
felicitatem1 sed hanc non est quod      
expectent1 nisi deum vera fide invocent1
 atque regros similiter ad ardentem     
vocationem excitent4  #bhaf4 #bh        
,lemnius e ,gregor4 exhor4 ad vitam opt4
 instit4 cap4 #dh4 ,quicquid meditaris  
aggredi aut perficere4 ,deum in         
consilium adhibeto4  #bhag4 ,commentar4 
lib4 #g4 ob infelicem pugnam            
contristatus1 in aegritudinem incidit1  
ita ut a medicis curari non posset4     
#bhah4 ,in his animi malis princeps     
imprimis ad ,deum precetur1 et peccatis 
veniam exoret1 inde ad medicinam1 c4    
#bhai4 ,greg4 ,tholoss4 ,to4 #b4 l4 #bh4
 c4 #g4 ,syntax4 ,in vestibule templi   
,solomon1 liber remediorum cujusque     
morbi fuit1 quem revulsit ,ezechias1    
quod populus neglecto ,deo nec invocato1

 sanitatem inde peteret4  #bhbj4 ,livius
 l4 #bc4 ,strepunt aures clamoribus     
plorantium sociorum1 saepius nos quam   
deorum invocantium opem4  #bhba4        
,rulandus adjungit optimam orationem ad 
finem ,empyricorum4 ,mercurialis consil4
 #be4 ita concludit4 ,montanus passim1  
c4 et plures alii1 c4  #bhbb4 ,lipsius4 
#bhbc4 ,cap4 #bf4  #bhbd4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4
 #g4 de ,deo ,morbisque in genera       
descriptis deos reperimus4  #bhbe4      
,selden prolog4 cap4 #c4 de diis ,syris4
 ,rofinus4  #bhbf4 ,see ,lilii ,giraldi 
syntagma de diis1 c4  #bhbg4 #ab ,cal4  
,januarii ferias celebrant1 ut angores  
et animi solicitudines propitiata       
depellat4  #bhbh4 ,hanc divae pennam    
consecravi1 ,lipsius4  #bhbi4 ,jodocus  
,sincerus itin4 ,galliae4 #afag4 ,huc   
mente captos deducunt1 et statis        
orationibus1 sacrisque peractis1 in     
illum lectum dormitum ponunt1 c4  #bhcj4
 ,in ,gallia ,narbonensi4  #bhca4 ,lib4 
de orig4 ,festorum4 ,collo suspensa et  
pergameno inscripta1 cum signo crucis1  

c4  #bhcb4 ,em4 ,acosta com4 rerum in   
,oriente gest4 a societat4 ,jesu1 ,anno 
#aefh4 ,epist4 ,gonsalvi ,fernandis1    
,anno #aefj4 e ,japonia4  #bhcc4        
,spicel4 de morbis daemoniacis1 sic a   
sacrificulis parati unguentis ,magicis  
corpori illitis1 ut stultae plebeculae  
persuadeant tales curari a ,sancto      
,antonio4  #bhcd4 ,printed at ,london   
#d'to by ,j4 ,roberts4 #afje4  #bhce4   
,greg4 lib4 #h4 ,cujus fanum            
aegrotantium multitudine refertum1      
undiquaque et tabellis pendentibus1 in  
quibus sanati languores erant inscripti4
  #bhcf4 ,to offer the sailors' garments
 to the deity of the deep4  #bhcg4 ,mali
 angeli sumpserunt olim nomen ,jovis1   
,junonis1 ,apollinis1 c4 quos ,gentiles 
deos credebant1 nunc ,s4 ,sebastiani1   
,barbarae1 c4 nomen habent1 et aliorum4 
#bhch4 ,part4 #b1 cap4 #i4 de spect4    
,veneri substituunt ,virginem ,mariam4  
#bhci4 ,ad haec ludibria ,deus connivet 
frequentur1 ubi relicto verbo ,dei1 ad  
,satanam curritur1 quales hi sunt1 qui  

aquam lustralem1 crucem1 c4 lubricae    
fidei hominibus offerunt4  #bhdj4       
,charior est ipsis homo quam sibi1      
,paul4  #bhda4 ,bernard4  #bhdb4        
,austin4  #bhdc4 ,ecclus4 xxxviii4 ,in  
the sight of great men he shall be in   
admiration4  #bhdd4 ,tom4 #d4 ,tract4   
#c4 de morbis amentium1 horum multi non 
nisi a ,magis curandi et ,astrologis1   
quoniam origo ejus a coelis petenda est4
  #bhde4 ,lib4 de ,podagra4  #bhdf4     
,sect4 #e4  #bhdg4 ,langius4 ,j4 ,caesar
 ,claudinus consult4  #bhdh4            
,praedestinatum ad hunc curandum4       
#bhdi4 ,helleborus curat1 sed quod ab   
omni datus medico vanum est4  #bhej4    
,antid4 gen4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #b4  #bhea4  
,the leech never releases the skin until
 he is filled with blood4  #bheb4 ,quod 
saepe evenit1 lib4 #c4 cap4 #b4 cum non 
sit necessitas4 ,frustra fatigant       
remediis aegros1 qui victus ratione     
curari possunt1 ,heurnius4  #bhec4      
,modestus et sapiens medicus1 nunquam   
properabit ad pharmacum1 nisi cogente   

necessitate1 #da ,aphor4 prudens et pius
 medicus cibis prius medicinal1 quam    
medicinis puris morbum expellere        
satagat4  #bhed4 ,brev4 #a4 c4 #ah4     
#bhee4 ,similitudo saepe bonis modicis  
imponit4  #bhef4 ,qui melancholicis     
praebent remedia non satis valida       
,longiores morbi imprimis solertiam     
medici postulant et fidelitatem1 qui    
enim tumultuario hos tractant1 vires    
absque ullo commodo laedunt et frangunt1
 c4  #bheg4 ,naturae remissionem dare   
oportet4  #bheh4 ,plerique hoc morbo    
medicina nihil profecisse visi sunt1 et 
sibi demissi invaluerunt4  #bhei4       
,abderitani ep4 ,hippoc4  #bhfj4        
,quicquid auri apud nos est1 libenter   
persolvemus1 etiamsi tota urbs nostra   
aurum esset4  #bhfa4 ,seneca4  #bhfb4   
,per4 #c4 ,sat4  #bhfc4 ,de anima4      
,barbara tamen immanitate1 et deploranda
 inscitia contemnunt praecepta sanitatis
 mortem et morbos ultro accersunt4      
#bhfd4 ,consul4 #agc4 e ,scoltzio       
,melanch4 ,aegrorum hoc fere proprium   

est1 ut graviora dicant esse symptomata1
 quam revera sunt4  #bhfe4 ,melancholici
 plerumque medicis sunt molesti1 ut alia
 aliis adjungant4  #bhff4 ,oportet      
infirmo imprimere salutem1 utcunque     
promittere1 etsi ipse desperet4 ,nullum 
medicamentum efficax1 nisi medicus etiam
 fuerit fortis imaginationis4  #bhfg4   
,de promise1 doct4 cap4 #ae4 ,quoniam   
sanitatis formam animi medici continent4
  #bhfh4 ,spes et confidentia1 plus     
valent quam medicina4  #bhfi4 ,felicior 
in medicina ob fidem ,ethnicorum4       
#bhgj4 ,aphoris4 #hi4 ,aeger qui        
plurimos consulit medicos1 plerumque in 
errorem singulorum cadit4  #bhga4 ,nihil
 ita sanitatem impedit1 ac remediorum   
crebra mutatio1 nec venit vulnus ad     
cicatricem in quo diversa medicamenta   
tentantur4  #bhgb4 ,melancholicorum     
proprium1 quum ex eorum arbitrio non fit
 subita mutatio in melius1 alterare     
medicos qui quidvis1 c4  #bhgc4 ,consil4
 #ca4 ,dum ad varia se conferunt1 nullo 
prosunt4  #bhgd4 ,imprimis hoc statuere 

oportet1 requiri perseverantiam1 et     
tolerantiam4 ,exiguo enim tempore nihil 
ex1 c4  #bhge4 ,si curari vult1 opus est
 pertinaci perseverantia1 fideli        
obedientia1 et patientis singulari1 si  
taedet aut desperet1 nullum habebit     
effectum4  #bhgf4 ,aegritudine amittunt 
patientiam1 et inde morbi incurabiles4  
#bhgg4 ,non ad mensem aut annum1 sed    
opportet toto vitae curriculo curationi 
operam dare4  #bhgh4 ,camerarius emb4   
#ee4 cent4 #b4  #bhgi4 ,praefat4 de nar4
 med4 ,in libellis quae vulgo versantur 
apud literatos1 incautiores multa       
legunt1 a quibus decipiuntur1 eximia    
illis1 sed portentosum hauriunt venenum4
  #bhhj4 ,operari ex libris1 absque     
cognitione et solerti ingenio1          
periculosum est4 ,unde monemur1 quam    
insipidum scriptis auctoribus credere1  
quod hic suo didicit periculo4  #bhha4  
,consil4 #bc4 haec omnia si quo ordine  
decet1 egerit1 vel curabitur1 vel certe 
minus afficietur4  #bhhb4 ,fuchsius cap4
 #b4 lib4 #a4  #bhhc4 ,in pract4 med4   

haec affectio nostris temporibus        
frequentissima1 ergo maxime pertinet ad 
nos hujus curationem intelligere4       
#bhhd4 ,si aliquis horum morborum1      
summus sanatur1 sanantur omnes          
inferiores4  #bhhe4 ,instit4 cap4 #h4   
sect4 #a4 ,victus nomine non tam cibus  
et potus1 sed aer1 exercitatio1 somnus1 
vigilia1 et reliquae res sex            
non-naturales contineritur4  #bhhf4     
,sufficit plerumque regimen rerum sex   
non-naturalium4  #bhhg4 ,et in his      
potissima sanitas consistit4  #bhhh4    
,nihil hic agendum sine exquisita       
vivendi ratione1 c4  #bhhi4 ,si recens  
malum sit ad pristinum habitum          
recuperandum1 alia medela non est opus4 
#bhij4 ,consil4 #ii4 lib4 #b4 si        
celsitudo tua1 rectam victus rationem1  
c4  #bhia4 ,moneo ,domine1 ut sis       
prudens ad victum1 sine quo caetera     
remedia frustra adhibentur4  #bhib4     
,omnia remedia irrita et vana sine his4 
,novistis me plerosque ita laborantes1  
victu potius quam medicamentis curasse4 

#bhic4 ,when you are again lean1 seek an
 exit through that hole by which lean   
you entered4  #bhid4 l4 de finibus      
,tarentinis et ,siculis4  #bhie4 ,modo  
non multum elongentur4  #bhif4 ,lib4 #a4
 de melan4 cap4 #g4 ,calidus et humidus 
cibus concoctu1 facilis1 flatus exortes1
 elixi non assi1 neque sibi frixi sint4 
#bhig4 ,si interna tantum pulpa         
devoretur1 non superficies torrida ab   
igne4  #bhih4 ,bene nutrientes cibi1    
tenella aetas multum valet1 carnes non  
virosae1 nec pingues4  #bhii4 ,hoedoper4
 peregr4 ,hierosol4  #bijj4 ,inimica    
stomacho4  #bija4 ,not fried or         
buttered1 but poached4  #bijb4 ,consil4 
#af4 ,non improbatur butyrum et oleum1  
si tamen plus quam par sit1 non         
profundatur3 sacchari et mellis usus1   
utiliter ad ciborum condimenta          
comprobatur4  #bijc4 ,mercurialis       
consil4 #hh4 acerba omnia evitantur4    
#bijd4 ,ovid4 ,met4 lib4 #ae4 ,whoever  
has allayed his thirst with the water of
 the ,clitorius1 avoids wine1 and       

abstemious delights in pure water only4 
#bije4 ,pregr4 ,hier4  #bijf4 ,the      
,dukes of ,venice were then permitted to
 marry4  #bijg4 ,de ,legibus4  #bijh4   
,lib4 #d4 cap4 #aj4 ,magna urbis        
utilitas cum perennes fontes muris      
includuntur1 quod si natura non         
praestat1 effondiendi1 c4  #biji4 ,opera
 gigantum dicit aliquis4  #biaj4 ,de    
aquaeduct4  #biaa4 ,curtius ,fons a     
quadragesimo lapide in urbem opere      
arcuato perductus4 ,plin4 #cf4 #ae4     
#biab4 ,quaeque domus ,romae fistulas   
habebat et canales1 c4  #biac4 ,lib4 #b4
 ca4 #bj4 ,jod4 a ,meggen4 cap4 #ae4    
pereg4 ,hier4 ,bellonius4  #biad4 ,cypr4
 ,echovius delit4 ,hisp4 ,aqua profluens
 inde in omnes fere domos ducitur1 in   
puteis quoque aestivo tempore           
frigidissima conservatur4  #biae4 ,sir  
,hugh ,middleton1 ,baronet4  #biaf4 ,de 
quaesitis med4 cent4 fol4 #ced4  #biag4 
,de piscibus lib4 habent omnes in       
lautitiis1 modo non sint e caenoso loco4
  #biah4 ,de pisc4 c4 #b4 l4 #g4        

,plurimum praestat ad utilitatem et     
jucunditatem4 ,idem ,trallianus lib4 #a4
 c4 #af4 pisces petrosi1 et molles      
carne4  #biai4 ,etsi omnes putredini    
sunt obnoxii1 ubi secundis mensis1      
incepto jam priore1 devorentur1 commodi 
succi prosunt1 qui dulcedine sunt       
praediti4 ,ut dulcia cerasa1 poma1 c4   
#bibj4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #a4  #biba4       
,montanus consil4 #bd4  #bibb4 ,pyra    
quae grato sunt sapore1 cocta mala1 poma
 tosta1 et saccliaro1 vel anisi semine  
conspersa1 utiliter statim a prandio vel
 a caena sumi possunt1 eo quod          
ventriculum roborent et vapores caput   
petentes reprimant4 ,mont4  #bibc4      
,punica mala aurantia commode           
permittuntur modo non sint austera et   
acida4  #bibd4 ,olera omnia praeter     
boraginem1 buglossum1 intybum1          
feniculum1 anisum1 melissum vitari      
debent4  #bibe4 ,mercurialis pract4     
,med4  #bibf4 ,lib4 #b4 de com4 ,solus  
homo edit bibitque1 c4  #bibg4 ,consil4 
#ba4 #ah4 si plus ingerata quam par est1

 et ventriculus tolerare posset1 nocet1 
et cruditates generat c4  #bibh4        
,observat4 lib4 #a4 ,assuescat bis in   
die cibos1 sumere1 certa semper hora4   
#bibi4 ,ne plus ingerat cavendum quam   
ventriculus ferre potest1 semperque     
surgat a mensa non satur4  #bicj4       
,siquidem qui semimansum velociter      
ingerunt cibum1 ventriculo laborem      
inferunt1 et flatus maximos promovent1  
,crato4  #bica4 ,quidam maxime comedere 
nituntur1 putantes ea ratione se vires  
refecturos2 ignorantes1 non ea quae     
ingerunt posse vires reficere1 sed quae 
probe concoquunt4  #bicb4 ,multa        
appetunt1 pauca digerunt4  #bicc4       
,saturnal4 lib4 #g4 cap4 #d4  #bicd4    
,modicus et temperatus cibus et carni et
 animae utilis est4  #bice4 ,hygiasticon
 reg4 #ad4 #af4 unciae per diem         
sufficiant1 computato pane1 carne ovis1 
vel aliis obsoniis1 et totidem vel paulo
 plures unciae protus4  #bicf4 ,idem    
reg4 #bg4 ,plures in domibus suis brevi 
tempore pascentes extinguuntur1 qui si  

triremibus vincti fuissent1 aut gregario
 pane pasti1 sani et incolumes in longam
 aetatem vitam prorogassent4  #bicg4    
,nihil deterius quam diversa nutrientia 
simul adjungere1 et comedendi tempus    
prorogare4  #bich4 ,lib4 #a4 hist4      
#bici4 ,hor4 ad lib4 #e4 ode ult4       
#bidj4 ,ciborum varietate et copia in   
eadem mensa nihil nocentius homini ad   
lutem1 ,fr4 ,valleriola1 observ4 l4 #b4 
cap4 #f4  #bida4 ,tul4 orat4 pro ,m4    
,marcel4  #bidb4 ,nullus cibum sumere   
debet1 nisi stomachus sit vacuus4       
,gordon1 lib4 med4 l4 #a4 c4 #aa4       
#bidc4 ,e multis eduliis unum elige1    
relictisque caeteris1 ex eo comede4     
#bidd4 ,l4 de atra bile4 ,simplex sit   
cibus et non varius3 quod licet         
dignitati tuae ob convivas difficile    
videatur1 c4  #bide4 ,celsitudo tua     
prandeat sola1 absque apparatu aulico1  
contentus sit illustrissimus princeps   
duobus tantum ferculis1 vinoque ,rhenano
 solum in mensa utatur4  #bidf4 ,semper 
intra satietatem a mensa recedat1 uno   

ferculo1 contentus4  #bidg4 ,lib4 de    
,hel4 et ,jejunio4 ,multo melius in     
terram vina fudisses4  #bidh4 ,crato4   
,multum refert non ignorare qui cibi    
priores1 c4 liquida precedant carnium   
jura1 pisces1 fructus1 c4 ,coena brevior
 sit prandio4  #bidi4 ,tract4 #f4       
contradict4 #a4 ,lib4 #a4  #biej4 ,super
 omnia quotidianum leporem habuit1 et   
pomis indulsit4  #biea4 ,annal4 #f4     
,ridere solebat eos1 qui post #cj4      
aetatis annum1 ad cognoscenda corpori   
suo noxia vel utilia1 alicujus consilii 
indigerent4  #bieb4 ,a ,lessio edit4    
#afad4  #biec4 ,aegyptii olim omnes     
morbos curabant vomitu et jejunio4      
,bohemus lib4 #a4 cap4 #e4  #bied4 ,he  
who lives medically lives miserably4    
#biee4 ,cat4 ,major3 ,melior conditio   
senis viventis ex praescripto artis     
medicae1 quam adolescentis luxuriosi4   
#bief4 ,debet per amaena exerceri1 et   
loca viridia1 excretis prius arte vel   
natura alvi excrementis4  #bieg4        
,hildesheim spicel1 #b4 de met4 ,primum 

omnium operam dabis ut singulis diebus  
habeas beneficium ventris1 semper       
cavendo ne alvus sit diutis astricta4   
#bieh4 ,si non sponte1 clisteribus      
purgetar4  #biei4 ,balneorum usus       
dulcium1 siquid aliud1 ipsis opitulatur4
 ,credo haec dici cum aliqua jactantia1 
inquit ,montanus consil4 #bf4  #bifj4   
,in quibus jejunus diu sedeat eo        
tempore1 ne sudorem excitent aut        
manifestum teporem1 sed quadam          
refrigeratione humectent4  #bifa4 ,aqua 
non sit calida1 sed tepida1 ne sudor    
sequatur4  #bifb4 ,lotiones capitis ex  
lixivio1 in quo herbas capitales        
coxerint4  #bifc4 ,cap4 #h4 de mel4     
#bifd4 ,aut axungia pulli1 ,piso4       
#bife4 ,thermae4 ,nympheae4  #biff4     
,sandes lib4 #a4 saith1 that women go   
twice a week to the baths at least4     
#bifg4 ,epist4 #c4  #bifh4 ,nec alvum   
excernunt1 quin aquam secum portent qua 
partes obscaenas lavent4 ,busbequius ep4
 #c4 ,leg4 ,turciae4  #bifi4 ,hildesheim
 speciel4 #b4 de mel4 ,hypocon4 si non  

adesset jecoris caliditas1 ,thermas     
laudarem1 et si non nimia humoris       
exsiccatio esset metuenda4  #bigj4 ,fol4
 #ada4  #biga4 ,thermas ,lucenses adeat1
 ibique aquas ejus per #ae4 dies potet1 
et calidarum aquarum stillicidiis tum   
caput tum ventriculum de more subjiciat4
  #bigb4 ,in panth4  #bigc4 ,aquae      
,porrectanae4  #bigd4 ,aquae ,aquariae4 
#bige4 ,ad aquas ,aponenses velut ad    
sacram anchoram confugiat4  #bigf4 ,joh4
 ,baubinus li4 #c4 c4 #ad4 hist4 admir4 
,fontis ,bollenses in ducat4 ,wittemberg
 laudat aquas ,bollenses ad             
melancholicos morbos1 maerorem1         
fascinationem1 aliaque animi pathemata4 
#bigg4 ,balnea ,chalderina4  #bigh4     
,hepar externe ungatur ne calefiat4     
#bigi4 ,nocent calidis et siccis1       
cholericis1 et omnibus morbis ex        
cholera1 hepatis1 splenisque            
affectionibus4  #bihj4 ,lib4 de aqua4   
,qui breve hoc vitae curriculum cupiunt 
sani transigere1 frigidis aquis saepe   
lavare debent1 nulli aetati cum sit     

incongrua1 calidis imprimis utilis4     
#biha4 ,solvit ,venus rationis vim      
impeditam1 ingentes iras remittit1 c4   
#bihb4 ,multi comitiales1 melancholici1 
insani1 hujus usu solo sanati4  #bihc4  
,si omittatur coitus1 contristat1 et    
plurimum gravat corpus et animum4       
#bihd4 ,nisi certo constet nimium semen 
aut sanguinem causam esse1 aut amor     
praecesserit1 aut1 c4  #bihe4 ,athletis1
 ,arthriticis1 podagricis nocet1 nec    
opportuna prodest1 nisi fortibus et qui 
multo sanguine abundant4 ,idem ,scaliger
 exerc4 #bfi4 ,turcis ideo luctatoribus 
prohibitum4  #bihf4 ,de sanit tuend4    
lib4 #a4  #bihg4 ,lib4 #a4 ca4 #g4      
exhaurit enim spiritus animumque        
debilitat4  #bihh4 ,frigidis et siccis  
corporibus inimicissima4  #bihi4 ,vesci 
intra satietatem1 impigrum esse ad      
laborem1 vitale semen conservare4       
#biij4 ,nequitia est quae te non sinit  
esse senem4  #biia4 ,vide ,montanum1    
,pet4 ,godefridum1 ,amorum lib4 #b4 cap4
 #f4 curiosum de his1 nam et numerum de 

finite ,talimudistis1 unicuique sciatis 
assignari suum tempus1 c4  #biib4       
,thespiadas genuit4  #biic4 ,vide       
,lampridium vit4 ejus #d4  #biid4 ,et   
lassata viris1 c4  #biie4 ,vid4 ,mizald4
 cent4 #h4 #aa4 ,lemnium lib4 #b4 cap4  
#af4 ,catullum ad ,ipsiphilam1 c4 ,ovid4
 ,eleg4 lib4 #c4 et #f4 c4 quod itinera 
una nocte confecissent1 tot coronas     
ludicro deo puta ,triphallo1 ,marsiae1  
,hermae1 ,priapo donarent1 ,cin4 gemus  
tibi mentulam coronis1 c4  #biif4       
,pernobopcodid4 ,gasp4 ,barthii4  #biig4
 ,nich4 de ,lynna1 cited by ,mercator in
 his map4  #biih4 ,mons ,sloto4 ,some   
call it the highest hill in the world1  
next ,teneriffe in the ,canaries1 ,lat4 
#ha4  #biii4 ,cap4 #bf4 in his ,treatise
 of ,magnetic ,bodies4  #cjjj4 ,lege    
lib4 #a4 cap4 #bc4 et #bd4 de magnetica 
philosophia1 et lib4 #c4 cap4 #d4       
#cjja4 #afab4  #cjjb4 ,m4 ,brigs1 his   
map1 and ,northwest ,fox4  #cjjc4 ,lib4 
#b4 ca4 #fd4 de nob4 civitat4 ,quinsay1 
et cap4 #aj4 de ,cambalu4  #cjjd4 ,lib4 

#d4 exped4 ad ,sinas1 ca4 #c4 et lib4   
#e4 c4 #ah4  #cjje4 ,m4 ,polus in ,asia 
,presb4 ,joh1 meminit lib4 #b4 cap4 #cj4
  #cjjf4 ,alluaresius et alii4  #cjjg4  
,lat4 #aj4 ,gr4 ,aust4  #cjjh4          
,ferdinando de ,quir4 ,anno #afab4      
#cjji4 ,alarum pennae continent in      
longitudine #ab4 passus1 elephantem in  
sublime tollere potest4 ,polus l4 #c4 c4
 #dj4  #cjaj4 ,lib4 #b4 ,descript4      
terrae sanctae4  #cjaa4 ,natur4 quaest4 
lib4 #d4 cap4 #b4  #cjab4 ,lib4 de reg4 
,congo4  #cjac4 ,exercit4 #dg4  #cjad4  
,see ,m4 ,carpenter's ,geography1 lib4  
#b4 cap4 #f4 et ,bern4 ,telesius lib4 de
 mari4  #cjae4 ,exercit4 #eb4 de maris  
motu causae investigandae3 prima        
reciprocationis1 secunda varietatis1    
tertia celeritatis1 quarta cessationis1 
quinta privationis1 sexta               
contrarietatis4 ,patritius saith #eb    
miles in height4  #cjaf4 ,lib4 de       
explicatione locoram ,mathem4 ,aristot4 
#cjag4 ,laet4 lib4 #ag4 cap4 #ah4       
descrip4 occid4 ,ind4  #cjah4 ,luge alii

 vocant4  #cjai4 ,geor4 ,wernerus1      
,aquae lanta celeritate erumpunt et     
absorbentur1 ut expedito equiti aditum  
intereludant4  #cjbj4 ,boissardus de    
,magis cap4 de ,pilapiis4  #cjba4 ,in   
campis ,lovicen1 solum visuntur in nive1
 et ubinam vere1 aestate1 autumno se    
occultant4 ,hermes ,polit4 l4 #a4 ,jul4 
,bellius4  #cjbb4 ,statim ineunte vere  
sylvae strepunt eorum cantilenis4       
,muscovit4 comment4  #cjbc4 ,immergunt  
se fluminibus1 lacubusque per hyemem    
totam1 c4  #cjbd4 ,caeterasque volucres 
,pontum hyeme adveniente e nostris      
regionibus ,europeis transvolantes4     
#cjbe4 ,survey of ,cornwall4  #cjbf4    
,porro ciconiae quonam a loco veniant1  
quo se conferant1 incompertum adhuc1    
agmen venientium1 descendentium1 ut     
gruum venisse cernimus1 nocturnis opinor
 temporibus4 ,in patentibus ,asiae      
campis certo die congregant se1 eam quae
 novissime advenit lacerant1 inde       
avolant4 ,cosmog4 l4 #d4 c4 #abf4       
#cjbg4 ,comment4 ,muscov4  #cjbh4 ,hist4

 ,scot4 l4 #a4  #cjbi4 ,vertomannus l4  
#e4 c4 #af4 mentioneth a tree that bears
 fruits to eat1 wood to burn1 bark to   
make ropes1 wine and water to drink1 oil
 and sugar1 and leaves as tiles to cover
 houses1 flowers1 for clothes1 c4       
#cjcj4 ,animal infectum ,cusino1 ut quis
 legere vel scribere possit sine        
alterius ope luminis4  #cjca4 ,cosmog4  
lib4 #a4 cap4 #dce et lib4 #c4 cap4 #a4 
habent ollas a natura formatas e terra  
extractas1 similes illis a figulis      
factis1 coronas1 pisces1 aves1 et omnes 
animantium species4  #cjcb4 ,ut solent  
hirundines et ranae prae frigoris       
magnitudine mori1 et postea redeunte    
vere #bd4 ,aprilis reviviscere4  #cjcc4 
,vid4 ,pererium in ,gen4 ,cor4 a        
,lapide1 et alios4  #cjcd4 ,in          
,necyotnantia ,tom4 #b4  #cjce4         
,pracastorius lib4 de simp4 ,georgius   
,merula lib4 de mem4 ,julius ,billius1  
c4  #cjcf4 ,bimlerua1 ,ortelius1        
,brachiis centum subterra reperta est1  
in qua quadraginta octo cadavera        

inerant1 ,anchorae1 c4  #cjcg4 ,pisces  
et conchae in montibus reperiuntur4     
#cjch4 ,lib4 de locis ,mathemat4        
,aristot4  #cjci4 ,or plain1 as         
,patricius holds1 which ,austin1        
,lactamius1 and some others1 held of old
 as round as a trencher4  #cjdj4 ,li4 de
 ,zilphia et ,pigmeia1 they penetrate   
the earth as we do the air4  #cjda4     
,lib4 #b4 c4 ,,ii#b4  #cjdb4 ,commentar4
 ad annum #aecg4 ,quicquid dicunt1      
,philosophi1 quaedam sunt ,tartari      
ostia1 et loca puniendis animis         
destinata1 ut ,hecla mons1 c4 ubi       
mortuorum spiritus visuntur1 c4 voluit  
,deus extare talia loca1 ut discant     
mortales4  #cjdc4 ,ubi miserabiles      
ejulantium voces audiuntur1 qui         
auditoribus horrorem incutiunt hand     
vulgarem1 c4  #cjdd4 ,ex sepulchris     
apparent mense ,martio1 et rursus sub   
terram se abscondunt1 c4  #cjde4        
,descript4 ,graec4 lib4 #f4 de ,pelop4  
#cjdf4 ,conclave ,ignatii4  #cjdg4      
,melius dubitare de occultis1 quam      

litigare de incertis1 ubi flamina       
inferni1 c4  #cjdh4 ,see ,dr4 ,reynolds 
praelect4 #ee4 in ,apoc4  #cjdi4 ,as    
they come from the sea1 so they return  
to the sea again by secret passages1 as 
in all likelihood the ,caspian ,sea     
vents itself into the ,euxine or ocean4 
#cjej4 ,seneca quaest4 lib4 cap4 #c1 #d1
 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 de  
causis aquarum perpetuis4  #cjea4 ,in   
iis nec pullos hirundines excludunt1    
neque1 c4  #cjeb4 ,th4 ,ravennas lib4 de
 vit4 hom4 praerog4 ca4 ult4  #cjec4 ,at
 ,quito in ,peru4 ,plus auri quam terrae
 foditur in aurifodinis4  #cjed4 ,ad    
,caput bonae spei incolae sunt          
nigerrimi3 ,si sol causa1 cur non       
,hispani et ,italiaeque nigri1 in eadem 
latitudine1 aeque distantes ab          
,aequatore1 hi ad ,austrum1 illi ad     
,boream8 qui sub ,presbytero ,johan4    
habitant subfusci sunt1 in ,zeilan et   
,malabar nigri1 aeque distantes ab      
,aequatore1 eodemque coeli parallelo3   
sed hoc magis mirari quis possit1 in    

tota ,america nusquam nigros inveniri1  
praeter paucos in loco ,quareno illis   
dicto3 quae hujus coloris causa         
efficiens1 coelive an terrae qualitas1  
an soli proprietas1 aut ipsorum hominum 
innata ratio1 aut omnia8 ,ortelius in   
,africa ,theat4  #cjee4 ,regio quocunque
 anni tempore temperatissima4 ,ortel4   
,multas ,galliae et ,italiae ,regiones1 
molli tepore1 et benigna quadam temperie
 prorsus antecellit1 ,jovi4  #cjef4     
,lat4 #de4 ,danubii4  #cjeg4 ,quevira   
lat4 #dj4  #cjeh4 ,in ,sir ,fra4        
,drake's voyage4  #cjei4 ,lansius orat4 
contra ,hungaros4  #cjfj4 ,lisbon lat4  
#ch4  #cjfa4 ,danzig lat4 #ed4  #cjfb4  
,de nat4 novi orbis lib4 #a4 cap4 #i4   
,suavissimus omnium locus1 c4  #cjfc4   
,the same variety of weather ,lod4      
,guicciardine observes betwixt ,liege   
and ,ajax not far distant1 descript4    
,belg4  #cjfd4 ,magin4 ,quadus4  #cjfe4 
,hist4 lib4 #e4  #cjff4 ,lib4 #aa4 cap4 
#g4  #cjfg4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #i4 ,cur4    
,potosi et ,plata1 urbes in tam tenui   

intervallo1 utraque mont osa1 c4  #cjfh4
 ,terra malos homines nunc educat atque 
pusillos4  #cjfi4 ,nav4 l4 #a4 c4 #e4   
#cjgj4 ,strabo4  #cjga4 ,as under the   
equator in many parts1 showers here at  
such a time1 winds at such a time1 the  
,brise they call it4  #cjgb4 ,ferd4     
,cortesius4 lib4 ,novus orbis inscript4 
#cjgc4 ,lapidatum est4 ,livie4  #cjgd4  
,cosmog4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #bb4 ,hae        
tempestatibus decidunt e nubibus        
faeculentis1 depascunturque more        
locustorum omnia virentia4  #cjge4      
,hort4 ,genial4 ,an a terra sursum      
rapiuntur a solo iterumque cum pluviis  
praecipitantur8 c4  #cjgf4 ,tam ominosus
 proventus in naturales causas referri  
vix potest4  #cjgg4 ,cosmog4 c4 #f4     
#cjgh4 ,cardan saith vapours rise #bhh  
miles from the earth1 ,eratosthenes #dh 
miles4  #cjgi4 ,de ,subtil4 l4 #b4      
#cjhj4 ,in progymnas4  #cjha4 ,praefat4 
ad ,euclid4 ,catop4  #cjhb4             
,manucodiatae1 birds that live          
continually in the air1 and are never   

seen on ground but dead3 ,see ,ulysses  
,alderovand4 ,ornithol4 ,scal4 exerc4   
cap4 #bbi4  #cjhc4 ,laet4 descrip4      
,amer4  #cjhd4 ,epist4 lib4 #a p4 #hc4  
,ex quibus constat nec diversa aeris et 
aetheris diaphana esse1 nec refractiones
 aliunde quam a crasso aere             
causari--,non dura aut impervia1 sed    
liquida1 subtilis1 motuique ,planetarium
 facile cedens4  #cjhe4 ,in ,progymn4   
lib4 #b4 exempl4 quinque4  #cjhf4 ,in   
,theoria nova ,met4 caelestium #aegh4   
#cjhg4 ,epit4 ,astron4 lib4 #d4  #cjhh4 
,multa sane hinc consequuentur absurda1 
et si nihil aliud1 tot ,cometae in      
aethere animadversi1 qui nullius orbus  
ductum comitantur1 id ipsum sufficienter
 refellunt4 ,tycho astr4 epist4 page    
#ajg4  #cjhi4 ,in ,theoricis planetarum1
 three above the firmament1 which all   
wise men reject4  #cjij4 ,theor4 nova   
coelest4 ,meteor4  #cjia4 ,lib4 de      
fabrica mundi4  #cjib4 ,lib4 de         
,cometis4  #cjic4 ,an sit crux et       
nubecula in coelis ad ,polum            

,antarcticum1 quod ex ,corsalio refert  
,patritius4  #cjid4 ,gilbertus          
,origanus4  #cjie4 ,see this discussed  
in ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's history1 in  
,zanch4 ad ,casman4  #cjif4 ,vid4       
,fromundum de ,meteoris1 lib4 #e4 artic4
 #e4 et ,lansbergium4  #cjig4 ,peculiari
 libello4  #cjih4 ,comment4 in mortum   
terrae ,middlebergi #afcj4  #cjii4      
,peculiari libello4  #cajj4 ,see ,mr4   
,carpenter's ,geogr4 cap4 #d4 lib4 #a4  
,campanella et ,origanus praef ,ephemer4
 where ,scripture places are answered4  
#caja4 ,de ,magnete4  #cajb4 ,comment1  
in #b cap4 sphaer4 ,jo4 de ,sacr4 ,bosc4
  #cajc4 ,dist4 #c4 gr4 #a4 a ,polo4    
#cajd4 ,praef4 ,ephem4  #caje4 ,which   
may be full of planets1 perhaps1 to us  
unseen1 as those about ,jupiter1 c4     
#cajf4 ,luna circumterrestris ,planeta  
quum sit1 consentaneum est esse in ,luna
 viventes creaturas1 et singulis        
,planetarum globis sui serviunt         
circulatores1 ex qua consideratione1 de 
eorum incolis summa probabilitate       

concludimus1 quod et ,tychoni ,braheo1 e
 sola consideratione vastitatis eorum   
visum fuit4 ,kepl4 dissert1 cum nun4    
sid4 f4 #bi4  #cajg4 ,temperare non     
possum quin ex inventis tuis hoc moneam1
 veri non absimile1 non tam in ,luna1   
sed etiam in ,jove1 et veliquis         
,planetis incolas esse4 ,kepl4 fo4 #bf4 
,si non sint accolae in ,jovis globo1   
qui notent admirandam hanc varietatem   
oculis1 cui bono quatuor illi ,planetae 
,jovem circumcursitant8  #cajh4 ,some of
 those above ,jupiter ,i have seen      
myself by the help of a glass eight feet
 long4  #caji4 ,rerum ,angl4 l4 #a4 c4  
#bg de viridibus pueris4  #caaj4        
,infiniti alii mundi vel ut ,brunus1    
terrae huic nostrae similes4  #caaa4    
,libro ,cont4 philos4 cap4 #bi4  #caab4 
,kepler fol4 #b4 dissert4 ,quid impedit 
quin credamus ex his initiis1 plures    
alios mundos detegendos1 vel 7ut        
,democrito placuit7 infinitos8  #caac4  
,lege somnium ,kepler3 edit4 #afce4     
#caad4 ,quid igitur inquies1 si sint in 

coelo plures globi1 similes nostrae     
telluris1 an cum illis certabimus1 quis 
meliorem mundi plagam teneat8 ,si       
nobiliores illorum globi1 nos non sumus 
creaturarum rationalium nobilissimi3    
quomodo igitur omnia propter hominem8   
quomodo nos domini operum ,dei8 ,kepler1
 fol4 #bi4  #caae4 ,franckfort4 quarto  
#afbj4 ibid4 #dj4 #afbb4  #caaf4        
,praefat4 in ,comment1 in ,genesin4     
,modo suadent ,theologos1 summa         
ignoratione versari1 veras scientias    
admittere nolle1 et tyrannidem exercere1
 ut eos falsis dogmatibus1              
superstitionibus1 et religione          
,catholica1 detineant4  #caag4 ,theat4  
,biblico4  #caah4 ,his argumentis plane 
satisfecisti1 de maculas in ,luna esse  
maria1 de lucidas partes esse terram4   
,kepler4 fol4 #af4  #caai4 ,anno4 #afaf4
  #cabj4 ,in ,hypothes4 de mundo4 ,edit4
 #aeig4  #caba4 ,lugduni #afcc4  #cabb4 
,whilst these blockheads avoid one      
fault1 they fall into its opposite4     
#cabc4 ,jo4 ,fabritius de maculis in    

sole4 ,witeb4 #afaa4  #cabd4 ,in        
,burboniis sideribus4  #cabe4 ,lib4 de  
,burboniis sid4 ,stellae sunt erraticae1
 quae propriis orbibus feruntur1 non    
longe a ,sole dissitis1 sed juxta       
,solem4  #cabf4 ,braccini fol4 #afcj4   
lib4 #d4 cap4 #eb1 #ee4 #ei4 c4  #cabg4 
,lugdun4 ,bat4 ,an4 #afab4  #cabh4 ,ne  
se subducant1 et relicta statione       
decessum parent1 ut curiositatis finem  
faciant4  #cabi4 ,hercules tuam fidem   
,satyra ,menip4 edit4 #afjh4  #cacj4 ,i 
shall now enter upon a bold and         
memorable exploit2 one never before     
attempted in this age4 ,i shall explain 
this night's transactions in the kingdom
 of the moon1 a place where no one has  
yet arrived1 save in his dreams4  #caca4
 ,sardi venales ,satyr4 ,menip4 ,an4    
#afab4  #cacb4 ,puteani ,comus sic      
incipit1 or as ,lipsius ,satyre in a    
dream4  #cacc4 ,tritemius4 #a4 de #g    
secundis4  #cacd4 ,they have fetched    
,trajanus' soul out of hell1 and        
canonise for saints whom they list4     

#cace4 ,in ,minutius1 sine delectu      
tempestates tangunt loca sacra et       
profana1 bonorum et malorum fata1 juxta1
 nullo ordine res fiunt1 soluta legibus 
fortuna dominatur4  #cacf4 ,vel malus   
vel impotens1 qui peccatum permittit1 c4
 unde haec superstitio8  #cacg4 ,quid   
fecit ,deus ante mundum creatum8 ubi    
vixit otiosus a suo subjecto1 c4  #cach4
 ,lib4 #c4 recog4 ,pet4 cap4 #c4 ,peter 
answers by the simile of an eggshell1   
which is cunningly made1 yet of         
necessity to be broken2 so is the world1
 c4 that the excellent state of heaven  
might be made manifest4  #caci4 ,ut me  
pluma levat1 sic grave mergit onus4     
#cadj4 ,exercit4 #ahd4  #cada4 ,laet4   
descrip4 occid4 ,indiae4  #cadb4 ,daniel
 principio historiae4  #cadc4 ,veniant  
ad me audituri quo esculento1 quo item  
poculento uti debeant1 et praeter       
alimentum ipsum1 potumque ventos ipsos  
docebo1 item aeris ambientis temperiem1 
insuper regiones quas eligere1 quas     
vitare ex usu sit4  #cadd4 ,leo ,afer1  

,maginus1 c4  #cade4 ,lib4 #a4 ,scot4   
hist4  #cadf4 ,lib4 #a4 de rer4 var4    
#cadg4 ,horat4  #cadh4 ,maginus4  #cadi4
 ,haitonus de ,tartaris4  #caej4        
,cyropaed li4 #h4 perpetuum inde ver4   
#caea4 ,the air so clear1 it never      
breeds the plague4  #caeb4 ,leander     
,albertus in ,campania1 e ,plutarcho    
vita ,luculli4 ,cum ,cn4 ,pompeius1     
,marcus ,cicero1 multique nobiles viri  
,l4 ,lucullum aestivo tempore           
convinessent1 ,pompeius inter coenam dum
 familiariter jocatus est1 eam villam   
imprimis sibi sumptuosam1 et elegantem  
videri1 fenestris1 porticibus1 c4       
#caec4 ,godwin vita ,jo4 ,voysye al4    
,harman4  #caed4 ,descript4 ,brit4      
#caee4 ,in ,oxfordshire4  #caef4        
,leander ,albertus4  #caeg4 ,cap4 #ba4  
de vit4 hom4 prorog4  #caeh4 ,the       
possession of ,robert ,bradshaw1 ,esq4  
#caei4 ,of ,george ,purefey1 ,esq4      
#cafj4 ,the possession of ,william      
,purefey1 ,esq4  #cafa4 ,the seat of    
,sir ,john ,reppington1 ,kt4  #cafb4    

,sir ,henry ,goodieres1 lately deceased4
  #cafc4 ,the dwelling-house of ,hum4   
,adderley1 ,esq4  #cafd4 ,sir ,john     
,harpar's1 lately deceased4  #cafe4 ,sir
 ,george ,greselies1 ,kt4  #caff4 ,lib4 
#a4 cap4 #b4  #cafg4 ,the seat of ,g4   
,purefey1 ,esq4  #cafh4 ,for ,i am now  
incumbent of that rectory1 presented    
thereto by my right honourable patron1  
the ,lord ,berkley4  #cafi4 ,sir        
,francis ,willoughby4  #cagj4 ,montani  
et ,maritimi salubriores1 acclives1 et  
ad ,boream ream vergentes4  #caga4 ,the 
dwelling of ,sir ,to4 ,burdet1 ,knight1 
,baronet4  #cagb4 ,in his ,survey of    
,cornwall1 book #b4  #cagc4 ,prope      
paludes stagna1 et loca concava1 vel ad 
,austrum1 vel ad ,occidentem inclinatae1
 domus sunt morbosae4  #cagd4 ,oportet  
igitur ad sanitatem domus in altioribus 
aedificare1 et ad speculationem4  #cage4
 ,by ,john ,bancroft1 ,dr4 of ,divinity1
 my quondam tutor in ,christ ,church1   
,oxon1 now the ,right ,reverend ,lord   
,bishop ,oxon1 who built this house for 

himself and his successors4  #cagf4     
,hyeme erit vehementer frigida1 et      
aestate non salubris3 paludes enim      
faciunt crassum aerem1 et difficiles    
morbos4  #cagg4 ,vendas quot assibus    
possis1 et si nequeas1 relinquas4       
#cagh4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #b4 in ,orco      
habita4  #cagi4 ,aurora musis amica1    
,vitruv4  #cahj4 ,aedes ,orientem       
spectantes vir nobilissimus1 inhabitet1 
et curet ut sit aer clarus1 lucidus1    
odoriferus4 ,eligat habitationem optimo 
aere jucundam4  #caha4 ,quoniam         
angustiae itinerum et altitudo tectorum1
 non perinde ,solis calorem admittit4   
#cahb4 ,consil4 #ba4 li4 #b4 ,frigidus  
aer1 nubilosus1 densus1 vitandus1 aeque 
ac venti septentrionales1 c4  #cahc4    
,consil4 #bd4  #cahd4 ,fenestram non    
aperiat4  #cahe4 ,discutit ,sol horrorem
 crassi spiritus1 mentem exhilarat1 non 
enim tam corpora1 quam et animi         
mutationem inde subeunt1 pro coeli et   
ventorum ratione1 et sani aliter affecti
 sini coelo nubilo1 aliter sereno4 ,de  

natura ventorum1 see ,pliny1 lib4 #b4   
cap4 #bf4 #bg4 #bh4 ,strabo1 li4 #g4 c4 
#cahf4 ,fines ,morison parr4 #a4 c4 #d4 
#cahg4 ,altomarus car4 #g4 ,bruel4 ,aer 
sit lucidus1 bene olens1 humidus4       
,montaltus idem ca4 #bf4 ,olfactus rerum
 suavium4 ,laurentius1 c4 #h4  #cahh4   
,ant4 ,philos4 cap4 de melanc4  #cahi4  
,tract4 #ae4 c4 #i4 ex redolentibus     
herbis et foliis vitis viniferae1       
salicis1 c4  #caij4 ,pavimentum aceto1  
et aqua rosacea irrorare1 ,laurent1 c4  
#h4  #caia4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 de morb4     
,afrorum ,in ,nigritarum regione tanta  
aeris temperis1 ut siquis alibi morbosus
 eo advehatur1 optimae statim sanitati  
restituatur1 quod multis accidisse1 ipse
 meis oculis vidi4  #caib4 ,lib4 de     
peregrinat4  #caic4 ,epist4 #b4 cen4 #a4
 ,nec quisquam tam lapis aut frutex1    
quem non titillat amoena illa1 variaque 
spectio locorum1 urbium1 gentium1 c4    
#caid4 ,epist4 #hf4  #caie4 #b4 lib4 de 
legibus4  #caif4 ,lib4 #de4  #caig4     
,keckerman praefat1 polit4  #caih4      

,fines ,morison c4 #c4 part4 #a4  #caii4
 ,mutatio de loco in locum1 ,itinera1 et
 voiagia longa et indeterminata1 et     
hospitare in diversis diversoriis4      
#cbjj4 ,modo ruri esse1 modo in urbe1   
saepius in agro venari1 c4  #cbja4 ,in  
,catalonia in ,spain4  #cbjb4           
,laudaturque domos longos quae prospicit
 agros4  #cbjc4 ,many towns there are of
 that name1 saith ,adricomius1 all      
high-sited4  #cbjd4 ,lately resigned for
 some special reasons4  #cbje4 ,at      
,lindley in ,leicestershire1 the        
possession and dwelling-place of ,ralph 
,burton1 ,esquire1 my late deceased     
father4  #cbjf4 ,in ,icon animorum4     
#cbjg4 ,aegrotantes oves in alium locum 
transportandae sunt1 ut alium aerem et  
aquam participantes1 coalescant et      
corrobentur4  #cbjh4 ,alia utilia1 sed  
ex mutatione aeris potissimum curatus4  
#cbji4 ,ne te daemon otiosum inveniat4  
#cbaj4 ,praestat aliud agere quam nihil4
  #cbaa4 ,lib4 #c4 de dictis ,socratis1 
,qui tesseris et risui excitando vacant1

 aliquid faciunt1 et si liceret his     
meliora agere4  #cbab4 ,amasis compelled
 every man once a year to tell how he   
lived4  #cbac4 ,nostra memoria          
,mahometes ,othomannus qui ,graeciae    
imperium subvertit1 cum oratorum        
postulata audiret externarum gentium1   
cochlearia lignea assidue caelabat1 aut 
aliquid in tabula affingebat4  #cbad4   
,sands1 fol4 #cg4 of his voyage to      
,jerusalem4  #cbae4 ,perkins1 ,cases of 
,conscience1 l4 #c4 c4 #d4 q4 #c4       
#cbaf4 ,luscinius ,grunnio4 ,they seem  
to think they were born to              
idleness1--nay more1 for the destruction
 of themselves and others4  #cbag4 ,non 
est cura melior quam injungere iis      
necessaria1 et opportuna2 operum        
administratio illis magnum sanitatis    
incrementum1 et quae repleant animos    
eorum et incutiant iis diversas         
cogitationes4 ,cont4 #a4 tract4 #i4     
#cbah4 ,ante exercitum1 leves toto      
corpore frictiones conveniunt4 ,ad hunc 
morbum exercitationes1 quum recte et suo

 tempore fiunt1 mirifice conducunt1 et  
sanitatem tuentur1 c4  #cbai4 ,lib4 #a4 
de san4 tuend4  #cbbj4 ,exercitium      
naturae dormientis stimulatio1 membrorum
 solatium1 morborum medela1 fuga        
vitiorum1 medicina languorum1 destructio
 omnium malorum1 ,crato4  #cbba4        
,alimentis in ventriculo probe concotis4
  #cbbb4 ,jejuno ventre vesica et alvo  
ab excrementis purgato1 fricatis        
membris1 lotis manibus et oculis1 c4    
lib4 de atra bile4  #cbbc4 ,quousque    
corpus universum intumescat1 et floridum
 appareat1 sudoreque1 c4  #cbbd4 ,omnino
 sudorem vitent4 cap4 #g4 lib4 #a4      
,valescus de ,tar4  #cbbe4 ,exercitium  
si excedat1 valde periculosum4 ,salust4 
,salvianus de remed4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #a4  
#cbbf4 ,camden in ,staffordshire4       
#cbbg4 ,fridevallius1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #b4 
optima omnium exercitationum multi ab   
hac solummodo morbis liberati4  #cbbh4  
,josephus ,quercetanus dialect4 polit4  
sect4 #b4 cap4 #aa4 ,inter omnia        
exercitia praestantiae laudem meretur4  

#cbbi4 ,chyron in monte ,pelio1         
praeceptor heroum eos a morbis animi    
venationibus et puris cibis tuebatur4   
,m4 ,tyrius4  #cbcj4 ,nobilitas omnis   
fere urbes fastidit1 castellis1 et      
liberiore coelo gaudet1 generisque      
dignitatem una maxime venatione1 et     
falconum aucupiis tuetur4  #cbca4 ,jos4 
,scaliger1 commen4 in ,cir4 in fol4     
#cdd4 ,salmuth4 #bc4 de ,novrepert4 com4
 in ,pancir4  #cbcb4 ,demetrius         
,constantinop4 de re accipitraria1 liber
 a ,p4 ,gillir latine redditus4 ,aelius4
 epist4 ,aquilae ,symachi et            
,theodotionis ad ,ptolomeum1 c4  #cbcc4 
,lonicerus1 ,geffreus1 jovius4  #cbcd4  
,s4 ,antony ,sherlie's relations4       
#cbce4 ,hacluit4  #cbcf4 ,coturnicum    
aucupio4  #cbcg4 ,fines ,morison1 part  
#c4 c4 #h4  #cbch4 ,non majorem         
voluptatem animo capiunt1 quam qui feras
 insectantur1 aut missis canibus1       
comprehendunt1 quum retia trahentes1    
squamosas pecudes in ripas adducunt4    
#cbci4 ,more piscatorum cruribus        

ocreatus4  #cbdj4 ,si principibus       
venatio leporis non sit inhonesta1      
nescio quomodo piscatio cyprinorum      
videri debeat pudenda4  #cbda4 ,omnino  
turpis piscatio1 nullo studio digna1    
illiberalis credita est1 quod nullum    
habet ingenium1 nullam perspicaciam4    
#cbdb4 ,praecipua hinc ,anglis gloria1  
crebrae victoriae partae4 ,jovius4      
#cbdc4 ,cap4 #g4  #cbdd4 ,fracastorius4 
#cbde4 ,ambulationes subdiales1 quas    
hortenses aurae ministrant1 sub fornice 
viridi1 pampinis virentibus             
concameratae4  #cbdf4 ,theophylact4     
#cbdg4 ,itinerat4 ,ital4  #cbdh4 ,sedet 
aegrotus cespite viridi1 et cum         
inclementia ,canicularis terras         
excoquit1 et siccat flumina1 ipse       
securus sedet sub arborea fronde1 et ad 
doloris sui solatium1 naribus suis      
gramineas redolet species1 pascit oculos
 herbarum amiena viriditas1 aures suavi 
modulamine demulcet pictarum concentus  
avium1 c4 ,deus bone1 quanta pauperibus 
procures solatia6  #cbdi4 ,diod4        

,siculus1 lib4 #b4  #cbej4 ,lib4 #ac de 
animal4 cap4 #ac4  #cbea4 ,pet4         
,gillius4 ,paul4 ,hentzeus ,itenerar4   
,italiae4 #afag4 ,iod4 ,sincerus        
,itenerar4 ,galliae #afag4 ,simp4 lib4  
#a4 quest4 #d4  #cbeb4 ,jucundissima    
deambulatio juxta mare1 et navigatio    
prope terram4 ,in utraque fluminis ripa4
  #cbec4 ,aurei panes1 aurea obsonia1   
vis ,margaritarum aceto subacta1 c4     
#cbed4 ,lucan4 ,the furniture glitters  
with brilliant gems1 with yellow jasper1
 and the couches dazzle with their      
purple dye4  #cbee4 #cjj pellices1      
pecillatores et pincernae innumeri1     
pueri loti purpura induti1 c4 ex omnium 
pulchritudine delecti4  #cbef4 ,ubi     
omnia cantu strepum4  #cbeg4 ,odyss4    
#cbeh4 ,lucan4 l4 #h4 ,the timbers were 
concealed by solid gold4  #cbei4 ,iliad4
 #aj4 ,for neither was the contest for  
the hide of a bull1 nor for a beeve1    
which are the usual prizes in the race1 
but for the life and soul of the great  
,hector4  #cbfj4 ,between ,ardes and    

,guines1 #aeai4  #cbfa4 ,swertius in    
delitiis1 fol4 #dhg4 veteri ,horatiorum 
exemplo1 virtute et successu admirabili1
 caesis hostibus #ag4 in conspectu      
patriae1 c4  #cbfb4 ,paterculus1 vol4   
post4  #cbfc4 ,quos antea audivi1       
inquit1 hodie vidi deos4  #cbfd4        
,pandectae ,triumph1 fol4  #cbfe4 ,lib4 
#f4 cap4 #ad4 de bello ,jud4  #cbff4    
,procopius4  #cbfg4 ,laet4 ,lib4 #aj4   
,amer4 descript4  #cbfh4 ,romulus       
,amaseus praefat4 ,pausan4  #cbfi4      
,virg4 #a4 ,geor4  #cbgj4 thirsting     
,tantalus gapes for the water that      
eludes his lips4  #cbga4 ,i may desire1 
but can't enjoy4  #cbgb4 ,roterus lib4  
#c4 polit4 cap4 #a4  #cbgc4 ,see        
,athenaeus dipnoso4  #cbgd4 ,ludi       
votivi1 sacri1 ludicri1 ,megalenses1    
,cereales1 ,florales1 ,martiales1 c4    
,rosinus1 #e4 #ab4  #cbge4 ,see ,lipsius
 ,amphitheatrum ,rosinus lib4 #e4       
,meursius de ludis ,graecorum4  #cbgf4  
#aejj men at once1 tigers1 lions1       
elephants1 horses1 dogs1 bears1 c4      

#cbgg4 ,lib4 ult4 et l4 #a4 ad finem    
consuetudine non minus laudabili1 quam  
veteri contubernia ,rhetorum ,rythmorum 
in urbibus et municipiis1 certisque     
diebus exercebant se sagittarii1        
gladiatores1 c4 ,alia ingenii1 animique 
exercitia1 quorum praecipuum studium1   
principem populum tragoediis1 comoediis1
 fabulis scenicis1 aliisque id genus    
ludis recreare4  #cbgh4 ,orbis terrae   
descript4 part4 #c4  #cbgi4 ,what shall 
,i say of their spectacles produced with
 the most magnificent decorations1--a   
degree of costliness never indulged in  
even by the ,romans4  #cbhj4            
,lampridius4  #cbha4 ,spartian4  #cbhb4 
,delectatus lusis catulorum1            
porcellorum1 ut perdices inter se       
pugnarent1 aut ut aves parvulae sursum  
et deorsum volitarent1 his maxime       
delectatus1 ut solitu dines publicas    
sublevaret4  #cbhc4 ,brumales laete ut  
possint producere noctes4  #cbhd4       
,miles4 #d4  #cbhe4 ,o dii similibus    
saepe conviviis date ut ipse videndo    

delectetur1 et postmodum narrando       
delectet4 ,theod4 prodromus ,amorum     
dial4 interpret4 ,gilberto ,giaulinio4  
#cbhf4 ,epist4 lib4 #h4 ,ruffino4       
#cbhg4 ,hor4  #cbhh4 ,lib4 #d4 ,gallicae
 consuetudinis est ut viatores etiam    
invitos consistere cogant1 et quid      
quisque eorum audierit aut cognorit de  
qua re quaerunt4  #cbhi4 ,vitae ejus    
lib4 ult4  #cbij4 ,juven4  #cbia4 ,they 
account them unlawful because           
sortilegious4  #cbib4 ,insist4 c4 #dd4  
,in his ludis plerumque non ars aut     
peritia viget1 sed fraus1 fallacia1     
dolus astutia1 casus1 fortuna1 temeritas
 locum habent1 non ratio consilium1     
spientia1 c4  #cbic4 ,in a moment of    
fleeting time it changes masters and    
submits to new control4  #cbid4 ,abusus 
tam frequens hodie in ,europa ut        
plerique crebro harum usu patrimonium   
profundant1 exhaustisque facultatibus1  
ad inopiam redigantur4  #cbie4 ,ubi     
semel prurigo ista animum occupat aegre 
discuti potest1 solicitantibus undique  

ejusdem farinae hominibus1 damnosas     
illas voluptates repetunt1 quod et      
scortatoribus insitum1 c4  #cbif4       
,instutitur ista exercitatio1 non lucri1
 sed valetudinis et oblectamenti        
ratione1 et quo animus defatigatus      
respiret1 novasque vires ad subeundos   
labores denuo concipiat4  #cbig4        
,latrunculorum ludus inventus est a     
duce1 ut cum miles intolerabili fame    
laboraret1 altero die edens altero      
ludens1 famis oblivisceretur4           
,bellonius4 ,see more of this game in   
,daniel ,souter's ,palamedes1 vel de    
variis ludis1 l4 #c4  #cbih4 ,d4        
,hayward in vita ejus4  #cbii4          
,muscovit4 commentarium4  #ccjj4 ,inter 
cives ,fessanos latrunculorum ludus est 
usitatissimus1 lib4 #c4 de ,africa4     
#ccja4 ,it is better to dig than to     
dance4  #ccjb4 ,tullius4 ,no sensible   
man dances4  #ccjc4 ,de mor4 gent4      
#ccjd4 ,polycrat4 l4 #a4 cap4 #h4       
#ccje4 ,idem ,salisburiensis4  #ccjf4   
,hist4 lib4 #a4  #ccjg4 ,nemo desidet   

otiosus1 ita nemo asinino more ad seram 
noctem laborat2 nam ea plusquam servilis
 aerumna1 quae opificum vita eat1       
exceptis ,utopiensibus qui diem in #bd4 
horas dividunt1 sex duntaxat operi      
deputant1 reliquum a somno et cibo      
cujusque arbitrio permittitur4  #ccjh4  
,rerum ,burgund4 lib4 #d4  #ccji4       
,jussit hominem deferri ad palatium et  
lecto ducali collocari1 c4 mirari homo  
ubi se eo loci videt4  #ccaj4 ,quid     
interest1 inquit ,lodovicus ,vives1     
7epist4 ad ,francisc4 ,barducem7        
interdiem illius et nostros aliquot     
annos8 nihil penitus1 nisi quod1 c4     
#ccaa4 ,hen4 ,stephan4 praefat4         
,herodoti4  #ccab4 ,study is the delight
 of old age1 the support of youth1 the  
ornament of prosperity1 the solace and  
refuge of adversity1 the comfort of     
domestic life1 c4  #ccac4 ,orat4 #ab4   
siquis animo fuerit afflictus aut aeger1
 nec somnum admittens1 is mihi videtur e
 regione stans talis imaginis1 oblivisci
 omnium posse1 quae humanae vitae       

atrocia et difficilia accidere solent4  
#ccad4 ,de anima4  #ccae4 ,diad4 #ai4   
#ccaf4 ,topogr4 ,rom4 part4 #a4  #ccag4 
,quod heroum conviviis legi solitae4    
#ccah4 ,melancthon de ,heliodoro4       
#ccai4 ,i read a considerable part of   
your speech before dinner1 but after ,i 
had dined ,i finished it completely4 ,oh
 what arguments1 what eloquence6  #ccbj4
 ,pluvines4  #ccba4 ,thibault4  #ccbb4  
,as in travelling the rest go forward   
and look before them1 an antiquary alone
 looks round about him1 seeing things   
past1 c4 hath a complete horizon4 ,janus
 ,bifrons4  #ccbc4 ,cardan4 ,what is    
more subtle than arithmetical           
conclusions2 what more agreeable than   
musical harmonies2 what more divine than
 astronomical1 what more certain than   
geometrical demonstrations8  #ccbd4     
,hondius praefat4 ,mercatoris4 ,it      
allures the mind by its agreeable       
attraction1 on account of the incredible
 variety and pleasantness of the        
subjects1 and excites to a further step 

in knowledge4  #ccbe4 ,atlas ,geog4     
#ccbf4 ,cardan4 ,to learn the mysteries 
of the heavens1 the secret workings of  
nature1 the order of the universe1 is a 
greater happiness and gratification than
 any mortal can think or expect to      
obtain4  #ccbg4 ,lib4 de cupid4         
divitiarum4  #ccbh4 ,leon4 ,diggs4      
praefat4 ad perpet4 prognost4  #ccbi4   
,plus capio voluptatis1 c4  #cccj4 ,in  
,hipperchen4 divis4 #c4  #ccca4 ,it is  
more honourable and glorious to         
understand these truths than to govern  
provinces1 to be beautiful or to be     
young4  #cccb4 ,cardan4 praefat4 rerum  
variet4  #cccc4 ,poetices lib4  #cccd4  
,lib4 #c4 ,ode #i4 ,donec gratus eram   
tibi1 c4  #ccce4 ,de ,pelopones4 lib4   
#f4 descript4 ,graec4  #cccf4 ,quos si  
integros haberemus1 ,dii boni1 quas     
opes1 quos thesauros teneremus4  #cccg4 
,isaack ,wake musae regnantes4  #ccch4  
,si unquam mihi in fatis sit1 ut        
captivus ducar1 si mihi daretur optio1  
hoc cuperem carcere concludi1 his       

catenia illigari1 cum hisce captivis    
concatenatis aetatem agere4  #ccci4     
,epist4 ,primiero4 ,plerunque in qua    
simul ac pedem posui1 foribus pessulum  
abdo2 ambitionem autem1 amorem1         
libidinem1 etc4 excludo1 quorum parens  
est ignavia1 imperitia nutrix1 et in    
ipso aeternitatis gremio1 inter tot     
illustres animas sedem mihi sumo1 cum   
ingenti quidem animo1 ut subinde        
magnatum me misereat1 qui felicitatem   
hanc ignorant4  #ccdj4 ,chil4 #b4 ,cent4
 #a4 ,adag4 #a4  #ccda4 ,virg4 eclog4   
#a4  #ccdb4 ,founder of our public      
library in ,oxon4  #ccdc4 ,ours in      
,christ ,church1 ,oxon4  #ccdd4 ,animus 
lavatur inde a curis multa quiete et    
tranquillitate fruens4  #ccde4 ,ser4    
#ch4 ad ,fratres ,erem4  #ccdf4 ,hom4   
#d4 de poenitentia4 ,nam neque arborum  
comae pro pecorum tuguriis factae       
meridie per aestatem1 optabilem         
exhibentes umbram oves ita reficiunt1 ac
 scripturarum lectio afflictas angore   
animas solatur et recreat4  #ccdg4      

,otium sine literis mors est1 et vivi   
hominis sepultura1 ,seneca4  #ccdh4     
,cap4 #ii4 l4 #eg4 de rer4 var4  #ccdi4 
,fortem reddunt animum et constantem2 et
 pium colloquium non permittit animum   
absurda cogitatione torqueri4  #ccej4   
,altercationibus utantur1 quae non      
permittunt animum submergi profundis    
cogitationibus1 de quibus otiose cogitat
 et tristatur in iis4  #ccea4 ,bodin4   
prefat4 ad meth4 hist4  #cceb4 ,operum  
subcis4 cap4 #ae4  #ccec4 ,hor4  #cced4 
,fatendum est cacumine ,olympi          
constitutus supra ventos et procellas1  
et omnes res humanas4  #ccee4 ,who      
explain what is fair1 foul1 useful1     
worthless1 more fully and faithfully    
than ,chrysippus and ,crantor8  #ccef4  
,in ,ps4 xxxvi4 omnis morbus animi in   
scriptura habet medicinam2 tantum opus  
est ut qui sit seger1 non recuset       
potionem quam ,deus temperavit4  #cceg4 
,in moral4 speculum quo nos intueri     
possimus4  #cceh4 ,hom4 #bh4 ,ut        
incantatione viris fugatur1 ita lectione

 malum4  #ccei4 ,iterum atque1 iterum   
moneo1 ut animam sacrae scripturae      
lectione occupes4 ,masticat divinum     
pabulum meditatio4  #ccfj4 ,ad #b4      
definit4 #b4 elem4 ,in disciplinis      
humanis nihil praestantius reperitur3   
quippe miracula quaedam numerorum eruit 
tam abstrusa et recondita1 tanta nihilo 
minus facilitate et voluptate1 ut1 c4   
#ccfa4 ,which contained #a1jhj1jjj      
weights of brass4  #ccfb4 ,vide ,clavium
 in com4 de ,sacrobosco4  #ccfc4        
,distantias caelorum sola ,optica       
dijudicat4  #ccfd4 ,cap4 #d4 et #e4     
#ccfe4 ,if the lamp burn brightly1 then 
the man is cheerful and healthy in mind 
and body2 if1 on the other hand1 he from
 whom the blood is taken be melancholic 
or a spendthrift1 then it will burn     
dimly1 and flicker in the socket4       
#ccff4 ,printed at ,london1 ,anno #cfbj4
  #ccfg4 ,once astronomy reader at      
,gresham ,college4  #ccfh4 ,printed at  
,london by ,william ,jones1 #afbc4      
#ccfi4 ,praefat4 ,meth4 ,astrol4  #ccgj4

 ,tot tibi sunt dotes virgo1 quot sidera
 coelo4  #ccga4 ,da pie ,christe urbi   
bona sit pax tempore nostro4  #ccgb4    
,chalonerus1 lib4 #i4 de ,rep4 ,angel4  
#ccgc4 ,hortus ,coronarius medicus et   
culinarius1 c4  #ccgd4 ,tom4 #a4 de     
sanit4 tuend4 ,qui rationem corporis non
 habent1 sed cogunt mortalem immortali1 
terrestrem aethereae aequalem praestare 
industriam3 ,caeterum ut ,camelo usu    
venit1 quod ei bos praedixerat1 cum     
eidem servirent domino et parte oneris  
levare illum ,camelus recusasset1 paulo 
post et ipsius curem1 et totum onus     
cogeretur gestare 7quod mortuo bove     
impletum7 ,ita animo quoque contingit1  
dum defatigato corpori1 c4  #ccge4 ,ut  
pulchram illam et amabilem sanitatem    
praestemus4  #ccgf4 ,interdicendae      
,vigiliae1 somni paulo longiores        
conciliandi4 ,altomarus cap4 #g4 ,somnus
 supra modum prodest1 quovismodo        
conciliandus1 ,piso4  #ccgg4 ,ovid4     
#ccgh4 ,in ,hippoc4 ,aphoris4  #ccgi4   
,crato cons4 #ba4 lib4 #b4 duabus aut   

tribus horis post caenam1 quum jam cibus
 ad fundum ventriculi resederit1 primum 
super latere dextro quiescendum1 quod in
 tali decubito jecur sub ventriculo     
quiescat1 non gravans sed cibum         
calfaciens1 perinde ac ignis lebetem qui
 illi admovetur2 post primum somnum     
quiescendum latere sinistro1 c4  #cchj4 
,saepius accidit melancholicis1 ut      
nimium exsiccato cerebro vigiliis       
attenuentur4 ,ficinus1 lib4 #a4 cap4    
#bi4  #ccha4 ,ter4 ,that you may sleep  
calmly on either ear4  #cchb4 ,ut sis   
nocte levis1 sit tibi1 caena brevis4    
#cchc4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #c4  #cchd4 ,hor4  
,scr4 lib4 #a4 ,sat4 #e4 ,the tipsy     
sailor and his travelling companion sing
 the praises of their absent            
sweethearts4  #cche4 ,sepositis curis   
omnibus quantum fieri potest1 una cum   
vestibus1 c4 ,kirkst4  #cchf4 ,ad horam 
somni aures suavibus cantibus et sonis  
delinire4  #cchg4 ,lectio jucunda1 aut  
sermo1 ad quem attentior animus         
convertitur1 aut aqua ab alto in        

subjectam pelvim delabatur1 c4 ,ovid4   
#cchh4 ,aceti sorbitio4  #cchi4         
,attenuat melancholiam1 et ad           
conciliandum somnum juvat4  #ccij4 ,quod
 lieni acetum conveniat4  #ccia4 ,cont4 
#a4 tract4 #i4 meditandum de aceto4     
#ccib4 ,sect4 #e4 memb4 #a4 ,subsect4   
#f4  #ccic4 ,lib4 de sanit4 tuenda4     
#ccid4 ,in ,som4 ,scip4 fit enim fere ut
 cogitationes nostrae et sermones       
pariant aliquid in somno1 quale de      
,homero scribit ,ennius1 de quo         
videlicet saepissime vigilans solebat   
cogitare et loqui4  #ccie4 ,aristae     
hist4 ,neither the shrines of the gods1 
nor the deities themselves1 send down   
from the heavens those dreams which mock
 our minds with those flitting          
shadows1--we cause them to ourselves4   
#ccif4 ,optimum de coelestibus et       
honestis meditari1 et ea facere4  #ccig4
 ,lib4 #c4 de causis corr4 art4 tam mira
 monstra quaestionum saepe nascuntur    
inter eos1 ut mirer eos interdum in     
somniis non terreri1 aut de illis in    

tenebris audere verba facere1 adeo res  
sunt monstrosae4  #ccih4 ,icon4 lib4 #a4
  #ccii4 ,sect4 #e4 ,memb4 #a4 ,subs4   
#f4  #cdjj4 ,animi perturbationes summe 
fugiendae1 metus potissimum et          
tristitia3 earumque loco animus         
demulcendus hilaritate1 animi           
constantia1 bona spe2 removendi         
terrores1 et earum consortium quos non  
probant4  #cdja4 ,phantasiae eorum      
placide subvertendae1 terrores ab animo 
removendi4  #cdjb4 ,ab omni fixa        
cogitatione quovismodo avertantur4      
#cdjc4 ,cuncta mala corporis ab animo   
procedunt1 quae nisi curentur1 corpus   
curari minime potest1 ,charmid4  #cdjd4 
,disputat4 ,an morbi graviores corporis 
an animi4 ,renoldo interpret4 ut parum  
absit a furore1 rapitur a ,lyceo in     
concionem1 a concione ad mare1 a mari in
 ,siciliam1 c4  #cdje4 ,ira bilem movet1
 sanguinem adurit1 vitales spiritus     
accendit4 moestitia universum corpus    
infrigidat1 calorem innatum extinguit1  
appetituin destruit1 concoctionem       

impedit1 corpus exsiccat1 intellectum   
pervertit4 ,quamobrem haec omnia prorsus
 vitanda sunt1 et pro virili fugienda4  
#cdjf4 ,de mel4 c4 #bf4 ex illis solum  
remedium2 multi ex visis1 auditis1 c4   
sanati sunt4  #cdjg4 ,pro viribus       
annitendum in praedictis1 tum in aliis1 
a quibus malum velut a primaria causa   
occasionem nactum est1 imaginationes    
absurdae falsaeque et moestitia         
quaecunque subierit propulsetur1 aut    
aliud agendo1 aut ratione persuadendo   
earum mutationem subito facere4  #cdjh4 
,lib4 #b4 c4 #af4 de occult4 nat4       
,quisquis huic malo obnoxius est1       
acriter obsistat1 et summa cura         
obluctetur1 nec ullo modo foveat        
imaginationes tacite obrepentes animo1  
blandas ab initio et amabiles1 sed quae 
adeo convalescunt1 ut nulla ratione     
excuti queant4  #cdji4 #c4 ,tusc4 ad    
,apollonium4  #cdaj4 ,facastorius4      
#cdaa4 ,epist4 de secretis artis et     
naturae cap4 #g4 de retard4 sen4        
,remedium esset contra corruptionem     

propriam1 si quilibet exerceret regimen 
sanitatis1 quod consistit in rebus sex  
non naturalibus4  #cdab4 ,pro aliquo    
vituperio non indigneris1 nec pro       
admissione alicujus rei1 pro morte      
alicujus1 nec pro carcere1 nec pro      
exilio1 nec pro alia re1 nec irascaris1 
nec timeas1 nec doleas1 sed cum summa   
praesentia haec sustineas4  #cdac4      
,quodsi incommoda adversitatis          
infortunia hoc malum invexerint1 his    
infractum animum opponas1 ,dei verbo    
ejusque fiducia te suffulcias1 c41      
,lemnius1 lib4 #a4 c4 #af4  #cdad4 ,lib4
 #b4 de ira4  #cdae4 ,cap4 #c4 de       
affect4 anim4 ,ut in civitatibus        
contumaces qui non cedunt politico      
imperio vi coercendi sunt2 ita ,deus    
nobis indidit alteram imperii formam2 si
 cor non deponit vitiosum affectum1     
membra foras coercenda sunt1 ne ruant in
 quod affectus impellant3 et locomotiva1
 quae herili imperio obtemperat1 alteri 
resistat4  #cdaf4 ,imaginatio impellit  
spiritus1 et inde nervi moventur1 c4 ,et

 obtemperant imaginationi et appetitui  
mirabili foedere1 ad exequendum quod    
jubent4  #cdag4 ,ovit ,trist4 lib4 #e4  
#cdah4 ,participes inde calamitatis     
nostrae sunt1 et velut exonerata in eos 
sarcina onere levamur4 ,arist4 ,eth4    
lib4 #i4  #cdai4 ,camerarius ,embl4 #bf4
 ,cen4 #b4  #cdbj4 ,sympos4 lib4 #f4    
cap4 #aj4  #cdba4 ,epist4 #h4 lib4 #c4  
,adversa fortuna habet in querelis      
levamentum2 et malorum relatio1 c4      
#cdbb4 ,alloquium chari juvat1 et       
solamen amici4 ,emblem4 #ed4 cent4 #a4  
#cdbc4 ,as ,david did to ,jonathan1 #a  
,sam4 xx4  #cdbd4 ,seneca ,epist4 #fg4  
#cdbe4 ,hic in civitate magna et turba  
magna neminem reperire possumus quocum  
suspirare familiariter aut jocari libere
 possimus4 ,quare te expectamus1 te     
desideramus1 te arcessimus4 ,multa sunt 
enim quae me solicitant et angunt1 quae 
mihi videor aurestuas nactus1 unius     
ambulationis sermone exhaurire posse4   
#cdbf4 ,i have not a single friend this 
day1 to whom ,i dare to disclose my     

secrets4  #cdbg4 ,ovid4  #cdbh4 ,de     
amicitia4  #cdbi4 ,de tranquil4 c4 #g4  
,optimum est amicum fidelem nancisci in 
quem secreta nostra infundamus2 nihil   
aeque oblectat animum1 quam ubi sint    
praeparata pectora1 in quae tuto secreta
 descendant1 quorum conscientia aeque ac
 tua3 quorum sermo solitudinem leniat1  
sententia consilium expediat1 hilaritas 
tristitiam dissipet1 conspectusque ipse 
delectet4  #cdcj4 ,comment4 l4 #g4 ,ad  
,deum confugiamus1 et peccatis veniam   
precemur1 inde ad amicos1 et cui        
plurimum tribuimus1 nos patefaciamus    
totos1 et animi vulnus quo affligimur3  
nihil ad reficiendum animum efficacius4 
#cdca4 ,ep4 ,q4 frat4  #cdcb4 ,aphor4   
prim4  #cdcc4 ,epist4 #aj4  #cdcd4      
,observando motus1 gestus1 manus1 pedes1
 oculos1 phantasiam1 ,piso4  #cdce4     
,mulier melancholia correpta ex longa   
viri peregrinatione1 et iracunde omnibus
 respondens1 quum maritus domum         
reversus1 praeter spem1 c4  #cdcf4 ,prae
 dolore moriturus quum nunciatum esset  

uxorem peperisse filium subito          
recuperavit4  #cdcg4 ,nisi affectus     
longo tempore infestaverit1 tali        
artificio imaginationes curare oportet1 
praesertim ubi malum ab his velut a     
primaria causa occasionem habuerit4     
#cdch4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 ,si ex       
tristitia aut alio affectu caeperit1    
speciem considera1 aut aliud qui eorum1 
quae subitam alterationem facere        
possunt4  #cdci4 ,evitandi monstrifici  
aspectus1 c4  #cddj4 ,neque enim tam    
actio1 aut recordatio rerum hujusmodi   
displicet1 sed iis vel gestus alterius  
,imaginationi adumbrare1 vehementer     
molestum4 ,galat4 de mor4 cap4 #g4      
#cdda4 ,tranquil4 ,praecipue vitentur   
tristes1 et omnia deplorantes2          
tranquillitati inimicus est comes       
perturbatus1 omnia gemens4  #cddb4      
,illorum quoque hominum1 a quorum       
consortio abhorrent1 praesentia         
amovenda1 nec sermonibus ingratis       
obtudendi2 si quis insaniam ab insania  
sic curari aestimet1 et proterve utitur1

 magis quam aeger insanit4 ,crato       
consil4 #ahd4 ,scoltzii4  #cddc4        
,molliter ac suaviter aeger tractetur1  
nec ad ea adigatur quae non curat4      
#cddd4 ,ob suspiciones curas1           
aemulationem1 ambitionem1 iras1 c4 quas 
locus ille ministrat1 et quae fecissent 
melancholicum4  #cdde4 ,nisi prius      
animum turbatissimum curasset2 oculi    
sine capite1 nec corpus sine anima      
curari potest4  #cddf4 ,e graeco4 ,you  
shall not cure the eye1 unless you cure 
the whole head also2 nor the head1      
unless the whole body2 nor the whole    
body1 unless the soul besides4  #cddg4  
,et nos non paucos sanavimus1 animi     
motibus ad debitum revocatis1 lib4 #a4  
de sanit4 tuend4  #cddh4 ,consol4 ad    
,apollonium4 ,si quis sapienter et suo  
tempore adhibeat1 ,remedia morbis       
diversis diversa sunt2 dolentem sermo   
benignus sublevat4  #cddi4 ,lib4 #ab4   
,epist4  #cdej4 ,de nat4 deorum         
consolatur afflictos1 deducit           
perterritos a timore1 cupiditates       

imprimis1 et iracundias comprimit4      
#cdea4 ,heauton4 ,act4 #a4 ,scen4 #a4   
,ne metue1 ne verere1 crede inquam mihi1
 aut consolando1 aut consilio1 aut      
rejuvero4  #cdeb4 ,novi faeneratorem    
avarud apud meus sic curatum1 qui multam
 pecuniam amiserat4  #cdec4 ,lib4 #a4   
consil4 #ab4 ,incredibile dictu quantum 
juvent4  #cded4 ,nemo istiusmodi        
conditionis hominibus insultet1 aut in  
illos sit severior1 verum miseriae      
potius indolescat1 vicemque deploret4   
lib4 #b4 cap4 #af4  #cdee4 ,cap4 #g4    
,idem ,piso ,laurentius cap4 #h4  #cdef4
 ,quod timet nihil est1 ubi cogitur et  
videt4  #cdeg4 ,una vice blandiantur1   
una vice iisdem terrorem incutiant4     
#cdeh4 ,si vero fuerit ex novo malo     
audito1 vel ex animi accidente1 aut de  
amissione mercium1 aut morte amici1     
introducantur nova contraria his quae   
ipsum ad gaudia moveant2 de hoc semper  
niti debemus1 c4  #cdei4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 
#ad4  #cdfj4 ,cap4 #c4 ,castratio olim a
 veteribus usa in morbis desperatis1 c4 

#cdfa4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #e4 sic morbum    
morbo1 ut clavum clavo1 retundimus1 et  
malo nodo malum cuneum adhibemus4 ,novi 
ego qui ex subito hostium incursu et    
inopi nato timore quartanam depulerat4  
#cdfb4 ,lib4 #g4 cap4 #ej4 ,in acie     
pugnans febre quartana liberatus est4   
#cdfc4 ,jacchinus1 c4 #ae4 in #i4       
,rhasis ,mont4 cap4 #bf4  #cdfd4 ,lib4  
#a4 cap4 #af4 aversantur eos qui eorum  
affectus rident1 contemnunt4 ,si ranas  
et viperas comedisse se putant1         
concedere debemus1 et spem de cura      
facere4  #cdfe4 ,cap4 #h4 de mel4       
#cdff4 ,cistam posuit ex ,medicorum     
consilio prope eum1 in quem alium se    
mortuum fingentem pacuit2 hic in cista  
jacens1 c4  #cdfg4 ,serres4 #aeej4      
#cdfh4 ,in #i4 ,rhasis4 ,magnam vim     
habet musica4  #cdfi4 ,cap4 de ,mania4  
,admiranda profecto res est1 et digna   
expensione1 quod sonorum concinnitas    
mentem emolliat1 sistatque procellosas  
ipsius affectiones4  #cdgj4 ,laguens    
animus inde erigitur et reviviscit1 nec 

tam aures afficit1 sed et sonitu per    
arterias undique diffuso1 spiritus tum  
vitales tum animales excitat1 mentem    
reddens aeilem1 c4  #cdga4 ,musica      
venustate sua mentes severiores capit1  
c4  #cdgb4 ,animos tristes subito       
exhilarat1 nubilos vultus serenat1      
austeritatem reponit1 jucunditatem      
exponit1 barbariemque facit deponere    
gentes1 mores instituit1 iracundiam     
mitigat4  #cdgc4 ,cithara tristitiam    
jucundat1 timidos furores attenuat1     
cruentam saevitiam blande reficit1      
languorem4 c4  #cdgd4 ,pet4 ,aretine4   
#cdge4 ,castilio de aulic4 lib #a4 fol4 
#bg4  #cdgf4 ,lib4 de ,natali4 cap4 #ab4
  #cdgg4 ,quod spiritus qui in corde    
agitant tremulem et subsaltantem        
recipiunt aerem in pectus1 et inde      
excitantur1 a spiritu musculi moventur1 
c4  #cdgh4 ,arbores radicibus avulsae1  
c4  #cdgi4 ,m4 ,carew of ,anthony1 in   
descript4 ,cornwall1 saith of whales1   
that they will come and show themselves 
dancing at the sound of a trumpet1 fol4 

#ce4 #a4 et fol4 #aed4 #b book4  #cdhj4 
,de cervo1 equo1 cane1 urso idem        
compertum2 musica afficiuntur4  #cdha4  
,numen inest numeris4  #cdhb4 ,saepe    
graves morbos modulatum carmen abegit4  
,et desperatis conciliavit opem4  #cdhc4
 ,lib4 #e4 cap4 #g4 ,moerentibus        
moerorem adimam1 laetantem vero seipso  
reddam hilariorem1 amantem calidiorem1  
religiosum divine numine correptum1 et  
ad ,deos colendos paratiorem4  #cdhd4   
,natalis ,comes ,myth4 lib4 #d4 cap4    
#ab4  #cdhe4 ,lib4 #e4 de rep4 ,curat4  
,musica furorem ,sancti viti4  #cdhf4   
,exilire e convivio4 ,cardan1 subtil1   
lib4 #ac4  #cdhg4 ,iliad4 #a4  #cdhh4   
,libro #i4 cap4 #a4 ,psaltrias4         
,sambuciatrasque et convivalia ludorum  
oblectamenta addita epuliis ex ,asia    
invexit in urbem4  #cdhi4 ,comineus4    
#cdij4 ,ista libenter et magna cum      
voluptate spectare soleo4 ,et scio te   
illecebris hisce captum iri et insuper  
tripudiaturum1 haud dubie demulcebere4  
#cdia4 ,in musicis supra omnem fidem    

capior et oblector2 choreas libentissime
 aspicio1 pulchraram foeminarum         
venustate detineor1 otiari inter has    
solutus curis possum4  #cdib4 #c4 ,de   
legibus4  #cdic4 ,sympos4 quest4 #e4    
,musica multos magis dementat quam      
vinum4  #cdid4 ,animi morbi vel a musica
 curantur vel inferuntur4  #cdie4 ,lib4 
#c4 de anima ,laetitia purgat sanguinem1
 valetudinem conservat1 colorem inducit 
florentem1 nitidum gratum4  #cdif4      
,spiritus temperat1 calorem excitat1    
naturalem virtutem corroborat1 juvenile 
corpus diu servat1 vitam prorogat1      
ingenium acuit1 et hominum negotii      
quibuslibet aptiorem reddit4 ,schola    
,salern4  #cdig4 ,dum contumelia vacant 
et festiva lenitate mordent1 mediocres  
animi aegritudines sanari solent1 c4    
#cdih4 ,de mor4 fol4 #eg4 ,amamusideo   
eos qui sunt faceti et jucundi4  #cdii4 
,regim4 sanit4 part4 #b4 ,nota quod     
arnicas bonus et dilectus socius1       
narrationibus suis jucundis superat     
omneni melodiam4  #cejj4 ,lib4 #ba4 cap4

 #bg4  #ceja4 ,comment4 in #d ,odyss4   
#cejb4 ,lib4 #bf4 c4 #ae4  #cejc4       
,homericum illud ,nepenthes quod        
moerorem tollit1 et cuthimiam1 et       
hilaritatem parit4  #cejd4 ,plaut4      
,bacch4  #ceje4 ,de aegritud4 capitis4  
,omni modo generet laetitiam in iis1 de 
iis quae audiuntur et videntur1 aut     
odorantur1 aut gustantur1 aut quocunque 
modo sentiri possunt1 et aspectu        
formarum multi decoris et ornatus1 et   
negotiatione2 jucunda1 et blandientibus 
ludis1 et promissis distrahantur1 eorum 
animi1 de re aliqua quam timent et      
dolent4  #cejf4 ,utantur ve nationibus  
ludis1 jocis1 amicorum consortiis1 quae 
non sinunt animum turbari1 vino et cantu
 et loci mutatione1 et biberia1 et      
gaudio1 ex quibus praecipue delectantur4
  #cejg4 ,piso ex fabulis et ludis      
quaerenda delectatio4 ,his versetur qui 
maxima grati1 sunt1 cantus et chorea ad 
laetitiam prosunt4  #cejh4 ,praecipue   
valet ad expellendam melancholiam stare 
in cantibus1 ludis1 et sonis et habitare

 cum familiaribus1 et praecipue cum     
puellis jucundis4  #ceji4 ,par4 #e4 de  
avocamentis lib4 de absolvendo luctu4   
#ceaj4 ,corporum complexus1 cantus1     
ludi1 formae1 c4  #ceaa4 ,circa hortos  
,epicuri frequenter4  #ceab4 ,dypnosoph4
 lib4 #aj4 ,coronavit florido serto     
incendens odores1 in culcitra plumea    
collocavit dulciculam potionem propinans
 psaltriam adduxit1 c4  #ceac4 ,ut      
reclinata suaviter in lectum puella1 c4 
#cead4 ,tom4 #b4 consult4 #he4  #ceae4  
,epist4 fam4 lib4 #g4 #bb4 epist4 ,heri 
demum bene potus1 seroque redieram4     
#ceaf4 ,valer4 ,max4 cap4 lib4 #h4      
,interposita arundine cruribus suis1 cum
 filiis ludens1 ab ,alcibiade risus est4
  #ceag4 ,hor4  #ceah4 ,hominibus       
facetis et ludis puerilibus ultra modum 
deditus adeo ut si cui in eo tam        
gravitatem1 quam levitatem considerare  
liberet1 duas personas distinctas in eo 
esse diceret4  #ceai4 ,de nugis curial4 
lib4 #a4 cap4 #d4 ,magistratus et viri  
graves1 a ludis levioribus arcendi4     

#cebj4 ,machiavel vita ejus4 ,ab amico  
reprehensus1 quod praeter dignitatem    
tripudiis operam daret1 respondet1 c4   
#ceba4 ,there is a time for all things1 
to weep1 laugh1 mourn1 dance1 ,eccles4  
iii4 #d4  #cebb4 ,hor4  #cebc4 ,john    
,harrington1 ,epigr4 #ej4  #cebd4       
,lucretia toto sis licet usque die1     
,thaida nocte volo4  #cebe4 ,lil4       
,giraldus hist4 deor4 ,syntag4 #a4      
#cebf4 ,lib4 #b4 de aur4 as4  #cebg4 ,eo
 quod risus esset laboris et modesti    
victus condimentum4  #cebh4 ,calcag4    
epig4  #cebi4 ,cap4 #fa4 ,in deliciis   
habuit scurras et adulatores4  #cecj4   
,universa gens supra mortales caeteros  
conviviorum studiosissima4 ,ea enim per 
varias et exquisitas dapes1 interpositis
 musicis et joculatoribus1 in multas    
saepius horas extrahunt1 ac subinde     
productis choreis et amoribus foeminarum
 indulgent1 c4  #ceca4 ,syntag4 de      
,musis4  #cecb4 ,atheneus lib4 #ab et   
#ad4 assiduis mulierum vocibus1 cantuque
 symphoniae ,palatium ,persarum regis   

totum personabat4 ,jovius hist4 lib4    
#ah4  #cecc4 ,eobanus ,hessus4  #cecd4  
,fracastorius4  #cece4 ,vivite ergo     
laeti1 ,o amici1 procul ab angustia1    
vivite laeti4  #cecf4 ,iterum precor et 
obtestor1 vivite laeti3 illad quod cor  
urit1 negligite4  #cecg4 ,laetus in     
praesens animus quod ultra oderit       
curare4 ,hor4 ,he was both ,sacerdoa et 
,medicus4  #cech4 ,haec autem non tam ut
 ,sacerdos1 amici1 mando vobis1 quam ut 
medicus2 nam absque hac una tanquam     
medicinarum vita1 medicinae omnes ad    
vitam producendam4 adhibitae moriuntur3 
vivite laeti4  #ceci4 ,locheus          
,anacreon4  #cedj4 ,lucian4             
,necyomantia4 ,tom4 #b4  #ceda4 ,omnia  
mundana nugas aestima4 ,hoc solum tota  
vita persequere1 ut praesentibus bene   
compositis1 minime curiosus1 aut ulla in
 re solicitus1 quam plurimum potes vitam
 hilarem traducas4  #cedb4 ,if the world
 think that nothing can be happy without
 love and mirth1 then live in love and  
jollity4  #cedc4 ,hildesheim spicel4 #b4

 de ,mania1 fol4 #afa4 ,studia literarum
 et animi perturbationes fugiat1 et     
quantum potest jucunde vivat4  #cedd4   
,lib4 de atra bile4 ,gravioribus curis  
ludos et facetias aliquando interpone1  
jocos1 et quae solent animum relaxare4  
#cede4 ,consil4 #cj4 mala valetudo aucta
 et contracta est tristitia1 ac proptera
 exhilaratione animi removenda4  #cedf4 
,athen4 dypnosoph4 lib4 #a4  #cedg4     
,juven4 sat4 #h4 ,you will find him     
beside some cutthroat1 along with       
sailors1 or thieves1 or runaways4       
#cedh4 ,hor4 ,what does it signify      
whether ,i perish by disease or by the  
sword6  #cedi4 ,frossard4 hist4 lib4 #a4
 ,hispani cum ,anglorum vires ferre non 
possent1 in fugam se dederunt1 c4       
,praecipites in fluvium se dederunt1 ne 
in hostium manus venirent4  #ceej4 ,ter4
  #ceea4 ,hor ,although you swear that  
you dread the night air4  #ceeb4    4   
,either drink or depart4  #ceec4 ,lib4  
de lib4 propriis4 ,hos libros1 scio     
multos spernere1 nam felices his se non 

indigere putant1 infelices ad solationem
 miseriae non sufficere4 ,et tamen      
felicibus moderationem1 dum             
inconstantiam humanae felicitatis       
docent1 praestant2 infelices si omnia   
recte aestimare velint1 felices reddere 
possunt4  #ceed4 ,nullum medicamentum   
omnes sanare potest2 sunt affectus animi
 qui prorsus sunt insanabiles8 non lamen
 artis opus sperni debet1 aut medicinae1
 aut philosophae4  #ceee4 ,the insane   
consolations of a foolish mind4  #ceef4 
,salust4 ,verba virtutem non addunt1 nec
 imperatoris oratio facile timido       
fortem4  #ceeg4 ,job1 cap4 #af4  #ceeh4 
,epist4 #ac4 lib4 #a4  #ceei4 ,hor4     
#cefj4 ,lib4 #b4 ,essays1 cap4 #f4      
#cefa4 ,alium paupertas1 alium orbitas1 
hunc morbi1 illum timor1 alium injuriae1
 hunc insidiae1 illum uxor1 filii       
distrahunt1 ,cardan4  #cefb4 ,boethius  
l4 #a4 met4 #e4  #cefc4 ,apuleius #d4   
florid4 ,nihil homini tam prospere datum
 divinitus1 quin ei admixtum sit aliquid
 difficultatis1 in amplissima quaque    

laetitia subest quaedam querimonia1     
conjugatione quadam mellis et fellis4   
#cefd4 ,si omnes premantur1 quis tu es  
qui solus evadere cupis ab ea lege quae 
neminem praeterit8 cur te non mortalem  
factum et universi orbis regem fieri non
 doles8  #cefe4 ,puteanus ep4 #ge4      
,neque cuiquam praecipue dolendum eo    
quod accidit universis4  #ceff4         
,lorchan4 ,gallobelgicus lib4 #c4 ,anno 
#aeih4 de ,belgis4 ,sed eheu inquis euge
 quid agemus8 ubi pro ,epithalamio      
,bellonae flagellum1 pro musica harmonia
 terribilum lituorum et tubarum audias  
clangorem1 pro taedis nuptialibus1      
villarum1 pagorum1 urbium videas        
incendia2 ubi pro jubilo lamenta1 pro   
risu fletus aerem complent4  #cefg4 ,ita
 est profecto1 et quisquis haec videre  
abnuis1 huic seculi parum aptus es1 aut 
potius nostrorum omnium conditionem     
ignoras1 quibus reciproco quodam nexu   
laeta tristibus1 tristia laetis invicem 
succedunt4  #cefh4 ,in ,tusc4 e vetere  
poeta4  #cefi4 ,cardan lib4 #a4 de      

consol4 ,est consolationis genus non    
leve1 quod a necessitate fit2 sive      
feras1 sive non feras1 ferendum est     
tamen4  #cegj4 ,seneca4  #cega4 ,omni   
dolori tempus est medicina2 ipsum luctum
 extinguit1 injurias delet1 omnis mali  
oblivionem adfert4  #cegb4 ,habet hoc   
quoque commodum omnis infelicitas1      
suaviorem vitam cum abierit relinquit4  
#cegc4 ,virg4  #cegd4 ,ovid4 ,for there 
is no pleasure perfect1 some anxiety    
always intervenes4  #cege4 ,lorchan4    
,sunt namque infera superis1 humana     
terrenis longe disparia4 ,etenim beatae 
mentes feruntur libere1 et sine ullo    
impedimento1 stellae1 aethereique orbes 
cursus et conversiones suas jam saeculis
 innumerabilibus constantissime         
conficiunt2 verum homines magnis        
angustiis4 ,neque hac naturae lege est  
quisquam mortalium solutus4  #cegf4     
,dionysius ,halicar4 lib4 #h4 non enim  
unquam contigit1 nec post homines natos 
invenies quenquam1 cui omnia ex animi   
sententia successerint1 ita ut nulla in 

re fortuna sit ei adversata4  #cegg4    
,vit4 ,gonsalvi lib4 ult4 ut ducibus    
fatale sit clarissimis a culpa sua1     
secus circumveniri cum malitia et       
invidia1 imminutaque dignitate per      
contumeliam mori4  #cegh4 ,in terris    
purum illum aetherem non invenies1 et   
ventos serenos2 nimbos potius1          
procellas1 calumnias4 ,lips4 cent4 misc4
 ep4 #h4  #cegi4 ,si omnes homines sua  
mala suasque curas in unum cumulum      
conferrent1 aequis divisuri portionibus1
 c4  #cehj4 ,hor4 ser4 lib4 #a4  #ceha4 
,quod unusquisque propria mala novit1   
aliorum nesciat1 in causa est1 ut se    
inter alios miserum putet4 ,cardan1 lib4
 #c4 de consol4 ,plutarch de consol1 ad 
,apollonium4  #cehb4 ,quam multos putas 
qui se coelo proximos putarent1 totidem 
regulos1 si de fortunae tuae reliquiis  
pars iis minima contingat4 ,boeth4 de   
consol4 lib4 #b4 pros4 #d4  #cehc4 ,you 
know the value of a thing from wanting  
more than from enjoying it4  #cehd4     
,hesiod4 ,esto quod es2 quod sunt alii1 

sine quemlibet esse2 ,quod non es1      
nolis2 quod potes esse1 velis4  #cehe4  
,aesopi fab4  #cehf4 ,seneca4  #cehg4   
,si dormirent semper omnes1 nullus alio 
felicior esset4 ,card4  #cehh4 ,seneca  
de ira4  #cehi4 ,plato1 ,axiocho4 ,an   
ignoras vitam hanc peregrinationem1 c4  
quam sapiences cum gaudio percurrunt4   
#ceij4 ,sic expedit2 medicus non dat    
quod patiens vult1 sed quod ipse bonum  
scit4  #ceia4 ,frumentum non egreditur  
nisi trituratum1 c4  #ceib4 ,non est    
poena damnantis sed flagellum           
corrigentis4  #ceic4 ,ad haereditatem   
aeternam sic erudimur4  #ceid4 ,confess4
 #f4  #ceie4 ,nauclerum tempestas1      
athletam stadium1 ducem pugna1          
magnanimum calamitas1 ,christianum vero 
tentatio probat et examinat4  #ceif4    
,sen4 ,herc4 fur4 ,the way from the     
earth to the stars is not so downy4     
#ceig4 ,ideo ,deus asperum fecit iter1  
ne dum delectantur in via1 obliviscantur
 eorum quae sunt in patria4  #ceih4     
,boethius l4 #e4 met4 ult1 ,go now1     

brave fellows1 whither the lofty path of
 a great example leads4 ,why do you     
stupidly expose your backs8 ,the earth  
brings the stars to subjection4  #ceii4 
,boeth4 pro4 ult4 ,manet spectator      
cunctorum desuper praescius deus1 bonis 
proemia1 malis supplicia dispensans4    
#cfjj4 ,lib4 de provid4 voluptatem      
capiunt dii siquando magnos viros       
colluctantes cum calamitate vident4     
#cfja4 ,ecce spectaculum ,deo dignum4   
,vir fortis mala fortuna compositus4    
#cfjb4 #a ,pet4 v4 #g4 ,psal4 lv4 #bb4  
#cfjc4 ,raro sub eodem lare honestas et 
forma habitant4  #cfjd4 ,josephus       
,mussus vita ejus4  #cfje4 ,homuncio    
brevis1 macilentus1 umbra hominis1 c4   
,ad stuporem ejus eruditionem et        
eloquentiam admirati sunt4  #cfjf4 ,nox 
habet suas voluptates4  #cfjg4 ,lib4 #e1
 ad finem1 caecus potest esse sapiens et
 beatus1 c4  #cfjh4 ,in ,convivio lib4  
#be4  #cfji4 ,joachimus ,camerarius vit4
 ejus4  #cfaj4 ,riber4 vit4 ejus4       
#cfaa4 ,macrobius4  #cfab4 ,sueton4 c4  

#g4 #i4  #cfac4 ,lib4 #a4 ,corpore exili
 et despecto1 sed ingenio et prudentia  
longe aute se reges caeteros            
praeveniens4  #cfad4 ,alexander         
,gaguinis hist4 ,polandiae4 ,corpore    
parvus eram1 cubito vix altior uno1 ,sed
 tamen in parvo corpore magnus eram4    
#cfae4 ,ovid4  #cfaf4 ,vir4 ,aenei4 #aj4
  #cfag4 ,if the fates give you large   
proportions1 do you not require         
faculties8  #cfah4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #bj4  
oneri est illis corporis moles1 et      
spiritus minus vividi4  #cfai4 ,corpore 
breves prudentiores quum coaretata sit  
anima4 ,ingenio pollet cui vim natura   
negavit4  #cfbj4 ,multis ad salutem     
animae profuit corporis aegritudo1      
,petrarch4  #cfba4 ,lib4 #g4 ,summa est 
totius ,philosophiae1 si tales1 c4      
#cfbb4 ,when we are sick we are most    
amiable4  #cfbc4 ,plinius epist4 #g4    
lib4 ,quem infirmum libido solicitat1   
aut avaritia1 aut honores8 nemini       
invidet1 neminem miratur1 neminem       
despicit1 sermone maligno non alitur4   

#cfbd4 ,non terret princeps1 magister1  
parens1 judex2 at aegritudo             
superveniens1 omnia correxit4  #cfbe4   
,nat4 ,chytraeus ,europ4 deliciis4      
,labor1 dolor1 aegritudo1 luctus1       
servire superbis dominis1 jugum ferre   
superstitionis1 quos habet charos       
sepelire1 c4 condimenta vitae sunt4     
#cfbf4 ,non tam mari quam proelio       
virtus1 etiam lecto exhibetur3 vincetur 
aut vincet2 aut tu febrem relinques1 aut
 ipsa te4 ,seneca4  #cfbg4 ,tullius lib4
 #g4 fam4 ep4 ,vesicae morbo laborans1  
et urinae mittendae difficultate tanta1 
ut vix incrementum caperet2 repellebat  
haec omnia animi gaudium ob memoriam    
inventorum4  #cfbh4 ,boeth4 lib4 #b4 pr4
 #d4 ,huic sensus exuperat1 sed est     
pudori degener sanguis4  #cfbi4 ,gaspar 
,ens polit4 thes4  #cfcj4 ,does such    
presumption in your origin possess you8 
#cfca4 ,alii pro pecunia emunt          
nobilitatem1 alii illam lenocinio1 alii 
veneficiis1 alii parricidiis2 multis    
perditio nobilitate conciliat1 plerique 

adulatione1 detractione1 calumniis1 c4  
,agrip4 de vanit4 scien4  #cfcb4 ,ex4   
homicidio saepe orta nobilitas et       
strenua carnificina4  #cfcc4 ,plures ob 
prostitutas filias1 uxores1 nobiles     
facti2 multos venationes1 rapinae1      
caedes1 praestigia1 c4  #cfcd4 ,sat4    
,menip4  #cfce4 ,cum enim hos dici      
nobiles videmus1 qui divitiis abundant1 
divitiae vero raro virtutis sunt        
comites1 quis non videt ortum           
nobilitatis degenerem8 hunc usurae      
ditarunt1 illum spolia1 proditiones2 hic
 veneficiis ditatus1 ille adulationibus1
 huic adulteria lucrum praebent1        
nonullis mendacia1 quidam ex conjuge    
quaestum faciunt1 plerique ex natis1 c4 
,florent4 hist4 lib4 #c4  #cfcf4 ,juven4
 ,a shepherd1 or something that ,i      
should rather not tell4  #cfcg4 ,robusta
 improbitas a tyrannide incepta1 c4     
#cfch4 ,gasper ,ens thesauro polit4     
#cfci4 ,gresserus ,itinerar4 fol4 #bff4 
#cfdj4 ,hor4 ,nobility without wealth is
 more worthless than seaweed4  #cfda4   

,syl4 nup4 lib4 #d4 num4 #aaa4  #cfdb4  
,exod4 xxxii4  #cfdc4 ,omnium nobilium  
sufficientia in eo probatur si venatica 
noverint1 si aleam1 si corporis vires   
ingentibus poculis commonstrent1 si     
naturae robur numerosa venere probent1  
c4  #cfdd4 ,difficile est1 ut non sit   
superbus dives1 ,austin4 ser4 #bd4      
#cfde4 ,nobilitas nihil aliud nisi      
improbitas1 furor1 rapina1 latrocinium1 
homicidium1 luxus1 venatio1 violentia1  
c4  #cfdf4 ,the fool took away my lord  
in the mask1 'twas apposite4  #cfdg4 ,de
 miser4 curial4 ,miseri sunt1 inepti    
sunt1 turpes sunt1 multi ut parietes    
aedium suarum speciosi4  #cfdh4 ,miraris
 aureos vestes1 equos1 canes1 ordinem   
famulorum1 lautas mensas1 aedes1 villas1
 praedia1 piscinas1 sylvas1 c4 haec     
omnia stultus assequi potest4 ,pandalus 
noster lenocinio nobilitatus est1       
,aeneas ,sylvius4  #cfdi4 ,bellonius    
observ4 lib4 #b4  #cfej4 ,mat4 ,riccius 
lib4 #a4 cap4 #c4 ,ad regendam remp4    
soli doctores1 aut licentiati           

adsciscuntur1 c4  #cfea4 ,lib4 #a4 hist1
 conditione servus1 caeterum acer bello1
 et animi magnitudine maximorum regum   
nemini secundus3 ob haec a ,mameluchis  
in regem electus4  #cfeb4 ,olaus ,magnus
 lib4 #ah4 ,saxo ,grammaticus1 a quo rex
 ,sueno et caetera ,danorum regum       
stemmata4  #cfec4 ,seneca de ,contro4   
,philos4 epist4  #cfed4 ,corpore sunt et
 animo fortiores spurii1 plerumque ob   
amoris vehementiam1 seminis crass4 c4   
#cfee4 ,vita ,castruccii4 ,nec praeter  
rationem mirum videri debet1 si quis rem
 considerare velit1 omnes eos vel saltem
 maximam partem1 qui in hoc terrarum    
orbe res praestantiores aggressi sunt1  
atque inter caeteros aevi sui heroas    
excelluerunt1 aut obscuro1 aut abjecto  
loco editos1 et prognatos fuisse        
abjectis parentibus4 ,eorum ego         
,catalogum infinitum recensere possem4  
#cfef4 ,exercit4 #bfe4  #cfeg4 ,it is a 
thing deserving of our notice1 that most
 great men were born in obscurity1 and  
of unchaste mothers4  #cfeh4 ,flor4     

hist4 l4 #c4 ,quod si nudos nos conspici
 contingat1 omnium una eademque erit    
facies2 nam si ipsi nostras1 nos eorum  
vestes induamus1 nos1 c4  #cfei4 ,ut    
merito dicam1 quod simpliciter sentiam1 
,paulum ,schalichium scriptorem1 et     
doctorem1 pluris facio quam comitem     
,hunnorum1 et ,baronem ,skradinum2      
,encyclopaediam tuam1 et orbem          
disciplinarum omnibus provinciis        
antefero4 ,balaeus epist4 nuncupat4 ad  
#e cent1 ultimam script4 ,brit4  #cffj4 
,praefat hist4 lib4 #a4 virtute tua     
major1 quam aut ,hetrusci imperii       
fortuna1 aut numerosa et decora prolis  
felicitate beatior evadis4  #cffa4      
,curtius4  #cffb4 ,bodine de rep4 lib4  
#c4 cap4 #h4  #cffc4 ,aeneas ,silvius1  
lib4 #b4 cap4 #bi4  #cffd4 ,if children 
be proud1 haughty1 foolish1 they defile 
the nobility of their kindred1 ,eccl4   
xxii1 #h4  #cffe4 ,cujus possessio nec  
furto eripi1 nec incendio absumi1 nec   
aquarum voragine absorberi1 vel vi morbi
 destrui potest4  #cfff4 ,send them both

 to some strange place naked1 ad        
ignotos1 as ,aristippus said1 you shall 
see the difference4 ,bacon's ,essays4   
#cffg4 ,familiae splendor nihil opis    
attulit1 c4  #cffh4 ,fluvius hic        
illustris1 humanarum rerum imago1 quae  
parvis ductae sub initiis1 in immensum  
crescunt1 et subito evanescunt4 ,exilis 
hic primo flavius1 in admirandam        
magnitudinem excrescit1 tandemque in    
mari ,euxino evanescit4 ,i4 ,stuckius   
pereg4 mar4 ,euxini4  #cffi4 ,for fierce
 eagles do not procreate timid          
ring-doves4  #cfgj4 ,sabinus in #f4     
,ovid4 ,met4 fab4 #d4  #cfga4 ,lib4 #a4 
de #d4 ,complexionibus4  #cfgb4 ,hor4   
ep4 ,od4 #b4 ,and although he boast of  
his wealth1 ,fortune has not changed his
 nature4  #cfgc4 ,lib4 #b4 ep4 #ae4     
,natus sordido tuguriolo et paupere     
domo1 qui vix milio rugientem ventrem1  
c4  #cfgd4 ,nihil fortunato insipiente  
intolerabilius4  #cfge4 ,claud4 l4 #i4  
in ,eutrop4  #cfgf4 ,lib4 #a4 de ,rep4  
,gal4 ,quoniam et commodiore utuntur    

conditione1 et honestiore loco nati1 jam
 inde a parvulis ad morum civilitatem   
educati sunt1 et assuefacti4  #cfgg4    
,nullum paupertate gravius onus4  #cfgh4
 ,ne quis irae divinae judicium putaret1
 aut paupertas exosa foret4 ,gault4 in  
cap4 #b4 ver4 #ah4 ,lucae4  #cfgi4      
,inter proceres ,thebanos numeratus1    
lectum habuit genus1 frequens           
famulitium1 domus amplas1 c4 ,apuleius  
,florid4 l4 #d4  #cfhj4 ,p4 ,blesensis  
ep4 #gb4 et #bcb4 oblatos respui honores
 ex onere metiens2 motus arabitiosos    
rogatus non ivi1 c4  #cfha4 ,sudat      
pauper foras in opere1 dives in         
cogitatione2 hic os aperit oscitatione1 
ille ructatione2 gravius ille fastidio1 
quam hic inedia cruciatur4 ,ber4 ser4   
#cfhb4 ,in ,hysperchen4 ,natura aequa   
est1 puerosque videmus mendicorum nulla 
ex parte regum filiis dissimiles1       
plerumque saniores4  #cfhc4 ,gallo ,tom4
 #b4  #cfhd4 ,et e contubernio foedi    
atque olidi ventris mors tandem educit4 
,seneca ep4 #ajc4  #cfhe4 ,divitiarum   

sequela1 luxus1 intemperies1 arroganta1 
superbia1 furor injustus1 omnisque      
irrationibilis motus4  #cfhf4 ,juven4   
,sat4 #f4 ,effeminate riches have       
destroyed the age by the introduction of
 shameful luxury4  #cfhg4 ,saturn4      
,epist4  #cfhh4 ,vos quidem divites     
putatis felices1 sed nescitis eorum     
miserias4  #cfhi4 ,et quota pars haec   
eorum quae istos discruciant8 si        
nossetis metus et curas1 quibus obnoxii 
sunt1 plane fugiendas vobis divitias    
existimaretis4  #cfij4 ,seneca in ,herc4
 ,oeteo4  #cfia4 ,et diis similes stulta
 cogitatio facit4  #cfib4 ,flamma simul 
libidinis ingreditur2 ira1 furor et     
superbia1 divitiarum sequela4 ,chrys4   
#cfic4 ,omnium oculis1 odio1 insidiis   
expositus1 semper solicitus1 fortunae   
ludibrium4  #cfid4 ,hor4 #b4 #a4 od4    
#aj4  #cfie4 ,quid me felicem toties    
jactastis amici8 ,qui cecidit1 stabili  
non fuit ille loco4 ,boeth4  #cfif4 ,ut 
postquam impinguati fuerint1 devorentur4
  #cfig4 ,hor4 ,although a hundred      

thousand bushels of wheat may have been 
threshed in your granaries1 your stomach
 will not contain more than mine4       
#cfih4 ,cap4 #f4 de curat4 graec4       
affect4 rap4 de providentia2            
quotiescunque divitiis affluentem       
hominem videmus1 cumque pessimum1 ne    
quaeso hunc beatissimum putemus1 sed    
infelicem1 censeamus1 c4  #cfii4 ,hor4  
l4 #b4 ,od4 #i4  #cgjj4 ,hor4 lib4 #b4  
#cgja4 ,florid4 lib4 #d4 ,dives ille    
cibo interdicitur1 et in omni copia sua 
cibum non accipit1 cum interea totum    
ejus servitium hilare sit1 atque        
epuletur4  #cgjb4 ,epist4 #aae4  #cgjc4 
,hor4 et mihi curto ,ire licet mulo vel 
si libet usque ,tarentum4  #cgjd4       
,brisonius4  #cgje4 ,si modum           
excesseris1 suavissima sunt molesta4    
#cgjf4 ,et in cupidiis gulae1 coquus et 
pueri illotis manibus ab exoneratione   
ventris omnia tractant1 c4 ,cardan4 l4  
#h4 cap4 #df4 de rerum varielate4       
#cgjg4 ,epist4  #cgjh4 ,plin4 lib4 #eg4 
cap4 #f4  #cgji4 ,zonaras #c4 annal4    

#cgaj4 ,plutarch4 vit4 ejus4  #cgaa4    
,hor ,ser4 lib4 #a4 ,sat4 #b4  #cgab4   
,cap4 #cj4 nullam vestem his induit4    
#cgac4 ,ad generum ,cereris sine caede  
et sanguine pauci descendunt reges1 et  
sicca morte tyranni4  #cgad4 ,god shall 
deliver his soul from the power of the  
grave1 ,psal4 xlix4 #ae4  #cgae4        
,contempl4 ,idiot4 ,cap4 #cg4 divitiarum
 acquisitio magni laboris1 possessio    
magni timoris1 arnissio magni doloris4  
#cgaf4 ,boethius de consol4 phil4 l4 #c4
 ,how contemptible stolid minds6 ,they  
covet riches and titles1 and when they  
have obtained these commodities of false
 weight and measures1 then1 and not     
before1 they understand what is truly   
valuable4  #cgag4 ,austin in ,ps4 lxxvi4
 omnis ,philosophiae magistra1 ad coelum
 via4  #cgah4 ,bonaae mentis soror      
paupertas4  #cgai4 ,paedagoga pietatis  
sobria1 pia mater1 cultu simplex1 habitu
 secura1 consilio benesuada4 ,apul4     
#cgbj4 ,cardan4 ,opprobrium non est     
paupertas3 quod latro eripit1 aut pater 

non reliquit1 cur mihi vitio daretur1 si
 fortuna divitias invidit8 non aquilae1 
non1 c4  #cgba4 ,tully4  #cgbb4 ,epist4 
#gd4 servus summe homo2 servus sum1 immo
 contubernalis1 servus sum1 at humilis  
amicus1 immo conservus si cogitaveris4  
#cgbc4 ,epist4 #ff et #ij4  #cgbd4      
,panormitan4 rebus gestis ,alph4  #cgbe4
 ,lib4 #d4 num4 #bah4 quidam deprehensus
 quod sederet loco nobilium1 mea        
nobilitas1 ait1 est circa caput1 vestra 
declinat ad caudam4  #cgbf4 ,tanto      
beatior es1 quanto collectior4  #cgbg4  
,non amoribus inservit1 non appetit     
honores1 et qualitercunque relictus     
satis habet1 hominem se esse meminit1   
invidet nemini1 neminem despicit1       
neminem miratur1 sermonibus malignis non
 attendit aut alitur4 ,plinius4  #cgbh4 
,politianus in ,rustico4  #cgbi4 ,gyges 
regno ,lydiae inflatus sciscitatum misit
 ,apollinem an quis mortalium se        
felicior esset4 ,aglaium ,areadum       
pauperrimum ,apollo praetulit1 qui      
terminos agri sui nunquam excesserat1   

rure suo contentus4 ,val4 lib4 #a4 c4   
#g4  #cgcj4 ,hor4 haec est ,vita        
solutorum misera ambitione1 gravique4   
#cgca4 ,amos4 #f4  #cgcb4 ,praefat4 lib4
 #g4 ,odit naturam quod infra deos sit2 
irascitur diis quod quis illi antecedat4
  #cgcc4 ,de ira cap4 #ca4 lib4 #c4 ,et 
si multum acceperit1 injuriam putat     
plura non accepisse2 non agit pro       
tribunatu gratias1 sed queritur quod non
 sit ad praeturam perductus2 neque haec 
grata1 si desit consulatus4  #cgcd4     
,lips4 admir4  #cgce4 ,of some #ij1jjj  
inhabitants now4  #cgcf4 ,read the story
 at large in ,john ,fox1 his ,acts and  
,monuments4  #cgcg4 ,hor4 ,sat4 #b4 ser4
 lib4 #b4  #cgch4 #e ,florent4 hist4    
virtus quietem parat1 quies otium1 otium
 porro luxum generat1 luxus interitum1 a
 quo iterum ad saluberrimas1 c4  #cgci4 
,guicciard4 in ,hiponest nulla          
infelicitas subjectum esse legi naturae 
c4  #cgdj4 ,persius4  #cgda4 ,omnes     
divites qui coelo et terra frui possunt4
  #cgdb4 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 epis4 #ab4      

#cgdc4 ,seneca epist4 #ae4 panem et     
aquam natura desiderat1 et haec qui     
habet1 ipso cum ,jove de felicitate     
contendat4 ,cibus simplex famem sedat1  
vestis tenuis frigius arcet4 ,senec4    
epist4 #h4  #cgdd4 ,boethius4  #cgde4   
,muffaes et alii4  #cgdf4 ,brissonius4  
#cgdg4 ,psal4 lxxxiv4  #cgdh4 ,si recte 
philosophemini1 quicquid aptam          
moderationem supergreditur1 oneri potius
 quam usui est4  #cgdi4 ,lib4 #g4 #af4  
,cereris munus et aquae poculum mortales
 quaerunt habere1 et quorum saties      
nunquam est1 luxus autem1 sunt caetera1 
non epulae4  #cgej4 ,satis est dives qui
 pane non indiget2 nimium potens qui    
servire non cogitur4 ,ambitiosa non est 
fames1 c4  #cgea4 ,euripides menalip4 ,o
 fili1 mediocres divitiae hominibus     
conveniunt1 nimia vero moles perniciosa4
  #cgeb4 ,hor4  #cgec4 ,o noctes        
coenaeque deum4  #cged4 ,per mille      
fraudes doctosque dolos ejicitur1 apud  
sociam paupertatem ejusque cultores     
divertens in eorum sinu et tutela       

deliciatur4  #cgee4 ,lucan4 ,o          
protecting quality of a poor man's life1
 frugal means1 gifts scarce yet         
understood by the gods themselves4      
#cgef4 ,lip4 miscell4 ep4 #dj4  #cgeg4  
,sat4 #f4 lib4 #b4  #cgeh4 ,hor4 ,sat4  
#d4  #cgei4 ,apuleius4  #cgfj4 ,chytreus
 in ,europae deliciis4 ,accipite cives  
,veneti quod est optimum in rebus       
humanis1 res humans contemnere4  #cgfa4 
,vah1 vivere etiam nunc lubet1 as ,demea
 said1 ,adelph4 ,act4 #d4 ,quam multis  
non egeo1 quam multa non desidero1 ut   
,socrates in pompa1 ille in nundinis4   
#cgfb4 ,epictetus #gg4 cap4 quo sum     
destinatus1 et sequar alacriter4  #cgfc4
 ,let whosoever covets it1 occupy the   
highest pinnacle of fame1 sweet         
tranquillity shall satisfy me4  #cgfd4  
,puteanus ep4 #fb4  #cgfe4 ,marullus4   
,the immortal ,muses confer imperishable
 pride of origin4  #cgff4 ,hoc erit in  
votis1 modus agri non ita parvus1       
,hortus ubi et tecto vicinus jugis aquae
 fons1 et paulum sylvae1 c4 ,hor4 ,sat4 

#f4 lib4 #b4 ,ser4  #cgfg4 ,hieronym4   
#cgfh4 ,seneca consil4 ad ,albinum c4   
#aa4 qui continet se intra naturae      
limites1 paupertatem non sentit2 qui    
excedit1 eum in opibus paupertas        
sequitur4  #cgfi4 ,hom4 #ab4 pro his    
quae accepisti gratias age1 noli        
indignare pro his quae non accepisti4   
#cggj4 ,nat4 ,chytreus deliciis ,europ4 
,gustonii in aedibus ,hubianis in       
coenaculo e regione mensae4 ,if your    
table afford frugal fare with peace1    
seek not1 in strife1 to load it         
lavishly4  #cgga4 ,quid non habet melius
 pauper quam dives8 vitam1 valetudinem1 
cibum1 somnum1 libertatem1 c4 ,card4    
#cggb4 ,martial4 l4 #aj4 epig4 #dg4 read
 it out thyself in the author4  #cggc4  
,confess4 lib4 #f4 ,transiens per vicum 
quendam ,mediolanensem1 animadverti     
pauperem quendam mendicum1 jam credo    
saturum1 jocantem atque ridentem1 et    
ingemui et locutus sum cum amicis qui   
mecum erant1 c4  #cggd4 ,et certe ille  
laetabatur1 ego anxius2 securus ille1   

ego trepidus4 ,et si percontaretur me   
quisquam an exultare mallem1 an metuere1
 responderem1 exultare3 et si rursus    
interrogaret an ego talis essem1 an     
qualis nunc sum1 me ipsis curis         
confectum eligerem2 sed perversitate1   
non veritate4  #cgge4 ,hor4  #cggf4     
,hor4 ep4 lib4 #a4  #cggg4 ,o si nunc   
morerer1 inquit1 quanta et qualia mihi  
imperfecta manerent3 sed si mensibus    
decem vel octo super vixero1 omnia      
redigam ad libellum1 ab omni debito     
creditoque me explicabo2 praetereunt    
interim menses decem1 et octo1 et cum   
illis anni1 et adhuc restant plura quam 
prius2 quid igitur speras4 ,o insane1   
finem quem rebus tuis non inveneras in  
juventa1 in senecta impositurum8 ,o     
dementiam1 quum ob curas et negotia tuo 
judicio sis infelix1 quid putas futuram 
quum plura supererint8 ,candan lib4 #h4 
cap4 #dj4 de rer4 var4  #cggh4          
,plutarch4  #cggi4 ,lib4 de natali4 cap4
 #a4  #cghj4 ,apud ,stobeum ser4 #ag4   
#cgha4 ,hom4 #ab4 in #b4  #cghb4 ,non in

 paupertate1 sed in paupere 7,senec47   
non re1 sed opinione labores4  #cghc4   
,vobiscus ,aureliano1 sed si populus    
famelicus inedia laboret1 nec arma1     
leges1 pudor1 magistratus1 coercere     
valent4  #cghd4 ,one of the richest men 
in ,rome4  #cghe4 ,serm4 ,quidam sunt   
qui pauperes esse volunt ita ut nihil   
illis desit1 sic commendant ut nullam   
patiantur inopiam2 sunt et alii mites1  
quamdiu dicitur et agitur ad eorum      
arbitrium1 c4  #cghf4 ,nemo paupertatem 
commendaret nisi pauper4  #cghg4        
,petronius ,catalec4  #cghh4 ,ovid4     
,there is no space left on our bodies   
for a fresh stripe4  #cghi4 ,ovid4      
#cgij4 ,plutarch4 vit4 ,crassi4  #cgia4 
,lucan4 lib4 #i4  #cgib4 ,an quum super 
fimo sedit ,job1 an eum omnia abstulit  
diabolus1 c4 pecuniis privatus fiduciam 
deo habuit1 omni thesauro preciosiorem4 
#cgic4 ,haec videntes sponte            
philosophemini1 nec insipientum         
affectibus agitemur4  #cgid4 #a ,sam4 i4
 #h4  #cgie4 ,james i4 #b4 ,my brethren1

 count it an exceeding joy1 when you    
fall into divers temptations4  #cgif4   
,afflictio dat intellectum2 quos ,deus  
diligit castigat4 ,deus optimum quemque 
aut mala valetudine aut luctu afficit4  
,seneca4  #cgig4 ,quam sordet mihi terra
 quum coelum intueor4  #cgih4 ,senec4 de
 providentia cap4 #b4 ,diis ita visum1  
dii melius norunt quid sit in commodum  
meum4  #cgii4 ,hom4 ,iliad4 #d4  #chjj4 
,hom4 #i4 voluit urbem tyrannus         
evertere1 et ,deus non prohibuit2 voluit
 captivos ducere1 non impedivit2 voluit 
ligare1 concessit1 c4  #chja4 ,psal4    
cxiii4 ,de terra inopem1 de stercore    
erigit pauperem4  #chjb4 ,micah4 viii4  
#g4  #chjc4 ,preme1 preme1 ego cum      
,pindaro1     '  immersibillis sum sicut
 suber super maris septum4 ,lipsius4    
#chjd4 ,hic ure1 hic seca1 ut in        
aeternum parcas1 ,austin4 ,diis fruitur 
iratis1 superat et crescit malis4       
,mutium ignis1 ,fabricium paupertas1    
,regulum tormenta1 ,socratem venenum    
superare non potuit4  #chje4 ,hor4      

epist4 #af4 lib4 #a4  #chjf4 ,hom4 #e4  
,auferet pecunias8 at habet in coelis3  
patria dejiciet8 at in coelestem        
civitatem mittet3 vincula injiciet8 at  
habet solutam conscientiam3 corpus      
interficiet1 at iterum resurget2 cum    
umbra pugnat qui cum justo pugnat4      
#chjg4 ,leonides4  #chjh4 ,modo in      
pressura1 in tentationibus1 erit postea 
bonum tuum requies1 aeternitas1         
immortalitas4  #chji4 ,dabit ,deus his  
quoque finem4  #chaj4 ,seneca4  #chaa4  
,nemo desperet meliora lapsus4  #chab4  
,theocritus4 ,hope on1 ,battus1 tomorrow
 may bring better luck2 while there's   
life there's hope4  #chac4 ,ovid4       
#chad4 ,ovid4  #chae4 ,thales4  #chaf4  
,lib4 #g4 ,flor4 hist4 ,omnium          
felicissimus1 et locupletissimus1 c4    
incarceratus saepe adolescentiam        
periculo mortis habuit1 solicitudinis et
 discriminis plenam1 c4  #chag4 ,laetior
 successit securitas quae simul cum     
divitiis cohabitare nescit4 ,camden4    
#chah4 ,pecuniam perdidisti1 fortassis  

illa te perderet manens4 ,seneca4       
#chai4 ,expeditior es ob pecuniarum     
jacturam4 ,fortuna opes auferre1 non    
animum potest4 ,seneca4  #chbj4 ,hor4   
,let us cast our jewels and gems1 and   
useless gold1 the cause of all vice1    
into the sea1 since we truly repent of  
our sins4  #chba4 ,jubet me posthac     
fortuna expeditius ,philosophari4       
#chbb4 ,i do not desire riches1 nor that
 a price should be set upon me4  #chbc4 
,in frag4 ,quirites1 multa mihi pericula
 domi1 militae multa adversa fuere1     
quorum alia toleravi1 alia deorum       
auxilio repuli et virtute mea2 nunquam  
animus negotio defuit1 nec decretis     
labor2 nullae res nec properae nec      
adversae ingenium mutabant4  #chbd4     
,qualis mundi statis supra lunam semper 
serenus4  #chbe4 ,bona meus nullum      
tristioris fortunae recipit incursum1   
,val4 lib4 #d4 c4 #a4 ,qui nil potest   
sperare1 desperet nihil4  #chbf4 ,hor4  
#chbg4 ,aequam4 memento rebus in arduis 
servare mentem1 lib4 #b4 ,od4 #c4       

#chbh4 ,epict4 c4 #ah4  #chbi4 ,ter4    
,adel4 act4 #d4 ,sc4 #g4  #chcj4        
,unaquaeque res duas habet ansas1       
alternam quae teneri1 alteram quae non  
potest2 in manu nostra quam volumus     
accipere4  #chca4 ,ter4 ,and4 ,act4 #d4 
sc4 #f4  #chcb4 ,epictetus4 ,invitatus  
ad convivium1 quae apponuntur comedis1  
non quaeris ultra2 in mundo multa       
rogitas quae dii negant4  #chcc4 ,cap4  
#f4 de providentia4 ,mortales cum sint  
rerum omnium indigi1 ideo deus aliis    
divitias1 aliis paupertatem distribuit1 
ut qui opibus pollent1 materiam         
subministrent2 qui vero inopes1         
exercitatas artibus manus admoveant4    
#chcd4 ,si sint omnes equales1 necesse  
est ut omnes fame pereant2 quis aratro  
terram sulcaret1 quis sementem faceret1 
quis plantas sereret1 quis vinum        
exprimeret8  #chce4 ,liv4 lib4 #a4      
#chcf4 ,lib4 #c4 de cons4  #chcg4       
,seneca4  #chch4 ,vide ,isaacum         
,pontanum descript4 ,amsterdam4 lib4 #b4
 c4 #bb4  #chci4 ,vide ,ed4 ,pelham's   

book edit4 #afcj4  #chdj4 ,heautontim4  
,act4 #a4 ,sc4 #b4  #chda4 ,epist4 #ih4 
,omni fortuna valentior ipse animus1 in 
utramque partem res suas ducit1         
beataeque ac miserae vitae sibi causa   
est4  #chdb4 ,fortuna quem nimium fovet 
stultum facil4 ,pub4 ,mimus4  #chdc4    
,seneca de beat4 vit4 cap4 #ad4 miseri  
si deserantur ab ea1 miseriores si      
obruantur4  #chdd4 ,plutarch1 vit4 ejus4
  #chde4 ,hor4 epist4 l4 #a4 ep4 #ah4   
#chdf4 ,hor4  #chdg4 ,boeth4 #b4  #chdh4
 ,epist4 lib4 #c4 vit4 ,paul4 ,ermit4   
,libet eos nunc interrogare qui domus   
marmoribus vestiunt1 qui uno filo       
villarum ponunt precia1 huic seni modo  
quid unquam defuit8 vos gemma bibitis1  
ille concavis manibus naturae           
satisfecit2 ille pauper paradisum capit1
 vos avaros gehenna suscipiet4  #chdi4  
,it matters little whether we are       
enslaved by men or things4  #chej4      
,satur4 l4 #aa4 ,alius libidini servit1 
alius ambitioni1 omnes spei1 omnes      
timori4  #chea4 ,nat4 lib4 #c4  #cheb4  

,consol4 l4 #e4  #chec4 ,o generose1    
quid est vita nisi carcer animi6  #ched4
 ,herbastein4  #chee4 ,vertomannus      
navig4 l4 #b4 c4 #d4 ,commercia in      
nundinis noctu hora secunda ob nimios   
qui saeviunt interdiu aestus exercent4  
#chef4 ,ubi verior contemplatio quam in 
solitudine8 ubi studium solidius quam in
 quiete8  #cheg4 ,alex4 ab ,alex4 gen4  
dier4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #b4  #cheh4 ,in ,ps4
 lxxvi4 non ita laudatur ,joseph cum    
frumenta distribueret1 ac quum carcerem 
habitaret4  #chei4 ,boethius4  #chfj4   
,philostratus in deliciis4 ,peregrini   
sunt imbres in terra et fluvii in mari  
,jupiter apud ,aegyptos1 sol apud omnes2
 hospes anima in corpore1 luscinia in   
aere1 hirundo in domo1 ,ganymedes coelo1
 c4  #chfa4 ,lib4 #af4 cap4 #a4 ,nullam 
frugem habent potus ex imbre3 ,et hae   
gentes si vincantur1 c4  #chfb4 ,lib4   
#e4 de legibus4 ,cumque cognatis careat 
et amicis1 majorem apud deos et apud    
homines misericordiam meretur4  #chfc4  
,cardan1 de consol4 lib4 #b4  #chfd4    

,seneca4  #chfe4 ,benzo4  #chff4 ,summo 
mane ululatum oriuntur1 pectora         
percutientes1 c4 miserabile spectaculum 
exhibentes4 ,ortelius in ,graecia4      
#chfg4 ,catullus4  #chfh4 ,virgil4 ,i   
live now1 nor as yet relinquish society 
and life1 but ,i shall resign them4     
#chfi4 ,lucan4 ,overcome by grief1 and  
unable to endure it1 she exclaimed1     
',not to be able to die through sorrow  
for thee were base4'  #chgj4 #c ,annal4 
#chga4 ,the colour suddenly fled her    
cheek1 the distaff forsook her hand1 the
 reel revolved1 and with dishevelled    
locks she broke away1 wailing as a      
woman4  #chgb4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #aj4        
,transfix me1 ,o ,rutuli1 if you have   
any piety3 pierce me with your thousand 
arrows4  #chgc4 ,confess4 l4 #a4  #chgd4
 ,juvenalis4  #chge4 ,amator scortum    
vitae praeponit1 iracundus vindictam1   
parasitus gulam1 ambitiosus honores1    
avarus opes1 miles rapinam1 fur praedam2
 morbos odimus et accersimus4 ,card4    
#chgf4 ,seneca2 quum nos sumus1 mors non

 adest2 cum vero mors adest1 tum nos non
 sumus4  #chgg4 ,bernard4 c4 #c4 med4   
nasci miserum1 vivere poena1 angustia   
mori4  #chgh4 ,plato ,apol4 ,socratis4  
,sed jam hora est hinc abire1 c4  #chgi4
 ,comedi ad satietatem1 gravitas me     
offendit2 parcius edi1 non est expletum 
desiderium2 venereas delicias sequor1   
hinc morbus1 lassitudo1 c4  #chhj4      
,bern4 c4 #c4 med4 de tantilla laetitia1
 quanta tristitia2 post tantam          
voluptatem quam gravis miseria8  #chha4 
,est enim mors piorum felix transitus de
 labore ad refrigerium1 de expectatione 
ad praemium1 de agone ad bravium4       
#chhb4 ,vaticanus vita ejus4  #chhc4    
,luc4  #chhd4 ,il4 #i ,homer4 ,it is    
proper that1 having indulged in becoming
 grief for one whole day1 you should    
commit the dead to the sepulchre4       
#chhe4 ,ovid4  #chhf4 ,consol4 ad       
,apolon4 non est libertate nostra       
positum non dolere1 misericordiam       
abolet1 c4  #chhg4 ,ovid1 #d ,trist4    
#chhh4 ,tacitus lib4 #d4  #chhi4 ,lib4  

#i4 cap4 #i4 de civitate ,dei4 ,non     
quaero cum irascatur sed cur1 nor utrum 
sit tristis sed unde1 non utrum timeat  
sed quid timeat4  #chij4 ,festus verbo  
minuitur4 ,luctui dies indicebatur cum  
liberi nascantur1 cum frater abit1      
amicus ab hospite captivus domum redeat1
 puella desponsetur4  #chia4 ,ob hanc   
causam mulieres ablegaram ne talia      
facerent2 nos haec audientes erubuimus  
et destitimus a lachrymis4  #chib4 ,lib4
 #a4 class4 #h4 de ,claris4             
,jurisconsultis ,patavinis4  #chic4 #ab4
 ,innuptae puellae amictae viridibus    
pannis1 c4  #chid4 ,lib4 de consol4     
#chie4 ,praeceptis philosophiae         
confirmatus adversus omnem fortunae vim1
 et te consecrata in coelumque recepta1 
tanta affectus laetitia sum ac          
voluptate1 quantam animo capere possum1 
ac exultare plane mihi videor1 victorque
 de omni dolore et fortuna triumphare4  
#chif4 ,ut lignum uri natum1 arista     
secari1 sic homines mori4  #chig4       
,boeth4 lib4 #b4 met4 #c4  #chih4       

,boeth4  #chii4 ,nic4 ,hensel4          
,breslagr4 fol4 #dg4  #cijj4 ,twenty    
then present4  #cija4 ,to ,magdalen1 the
 daughter of ,charles the ,seventh of   
,france4 ,obeunt noctesque diesque1 c4  
#cijb4 ,assyriorum regio funditus       
deleta4  #cijc4 ,omnium quot unquam ,sol
 aspexit urbium maxima4  #cijd4 ,ovid4  
,what of ancient ,athens but the name   
remains8  #cije4 ,arcad4 lib4 #h4       
#cijf4 ,praefat4 ,topogr4 ,constantinop4
  #cijg4 ,nor can its own structure     
preserve the solid globe4  #cijh4       
,epist4 ,tull4 lib4 #c4  #ciji4 ,quum   
tot oppidorum cadavera ante oculus      
projecta jacent4  #ciaj4 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 
,od4 #bd4  #ciaa4 ,de remed4 fortuit4   
#ciab4 ,erubesce tanta tempestate quod  
ad unam anchoram stabas4  #ciac4 ,vis   
aegrum1 et morbidum1 fitibundum--gaude  
potius quod his malis liberatus sit4    
#ciad4 ,uxorem bonam aut invenisti1 aut 
sic fecisti2 si inveneris1 aliam habere 
te posse ex hoc intelligamus3 si        
feceris1 bene speres1 salvus est        

artifex4  #ciae4 ,stulti est compedes   
licet aureas amare4  #ciaf4 ,hor4       
#ciag4 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 ,od4 #bd4  #ciah4 
,virg4 #d4 ,aen4  #ciai4 ,cap4 #ai4 ,si 
id studes ut uxor1 amici1 liberi        
perpetuo vivant1 stultus es4  #cibj4    
,deos quos diligit juvenes rapit1       
,menan4  #ciba4 ,consol4 ad ,apol4      
,apollonius filius tuus in flore        
decessit1 ante nos ad aeternitatem      
digressus1 tanquam e convivio abiens1   
priusquam in errorem aliquem e          
temulentia incideret1 quales in longa   
senecta accidere solent4  #cibb4 ,tom4  
#a4 ,tract4 de luctu4 ,quid me mortuum  
miserum vocas1 qui te sum multo         
felicior8 aut quid acerbi mihi putas    
contigisse8 an quia non sum malus senex1
 ut tu facie rugosus1 incurvus1 c4 ,o   
demens1 quid tibi videtur in vita boni8 
nimirum amicitias1 caenas1 c4 ,longe    
melius non esurire quam edere2 non      
sitire1 c4 ,gaude potius quod morbos et 
febres effugerim1 angorem animi1 c4     
,ejulatus quid prodest quid lachryimae1 

c4  #cibc4 ,virgil4  #cibd4 ,hor4       
#cibe4 ,chytreus deliciis ,europae4     
#cibf4 ,epist4 #he4  #cibg4 ,sardus de  
mor4 gen4  #cibh4 ,praemeditatione      
facilem reddere quemque casum4          
,plutarchus consolatione ad ,apollonium4
 ,assuefacere non casibus debemus4      
,tull4 lib4 #c4 ,tusculan4 quaest4      
#cibi4 ,cap4 #h4 ,si ollam diligas1     
memento te ollam diligere1 non          
perturbaberis ea confracta2 si filium   
aut uxorem1 memento hominem4 a te       
diligi1 c4  #cicj4 ,seneca4  #cica4     
,boeth1 lib4 #a4 pros4 #d4  #cicb4 ,qui 
invidiam ferre non potest1 ferre        
contemptum cogitur4  #cicc4 ,ter4       
,heautont4  #cicd4 ,epictetus c4 #ad4   
,si labor objectus fuerit tolerantiae1  
convicium patientiae1 c4 si ita         
consueveris1 vitiis non obtemperabis4   
#cice4 ,ter4 ,phor4  #cicf4 ,alciat     
,embl4  #cicg4 ,virg4 ,aen4  #cich4 ,my 
breast was not conscious of this first  
wound1 for ,i have endured still        
greater4  #cici4 ,nat4 ,chytreus        

deliciis ,europae1 ,felix civitas quae  
tempore pacis de bello cogitat4  #cidj4 
,occupat extremum scabies2 mihi turpe   
relinqui est4 ,hor4  #cida4 ,lipsius    
epist4 quaest4 l4 #a4 ep4 #g4  #cidb4   
,lipsius epist4 lib4 ,i4 epist4 #g4     
#cidc4 ,gloria comitem habet invidiam1  
pari onere premitur retinendo ac        
acquirendo4  #cidd4 ,quid aliud         
ambitiosus sibi parat quam ut probra    
ejus pateant8 nemo vivens qui non habet 
in vita plura vitoperatione quam laude  
digna2 his malis non melius occurritur1 
quam si bene latueris4  #cide4 ,et omnes
 fama per urbes garrula laudet4  #cidf4 
,sen4 ,her4 fur4  #cidg4 ,hor4 ,i live  
like a king without any of these        
acquisitions4  #cidh4 ,but all my labour
 was unprofitable2 for while death took 
off some of my friends1 to others ,i    
remain unknown1 or little liked1 and    
these deceive me with false promises4   
,whilst ,i am canvassing one party1     
captivating another1 making myself known
 to a third1 my age increases1 years    

glide away1 ,i am put off1 and now tired
 of the world1 and surfeited with human 
worthlessness4 ,i rest content4  #cidi4 
,the right honourable ,lady ,francis    
,countess ,dowager of ,exeter4 ,the     
,lord ,berkley4  #ciej4 ,distichon ejus 
in militem ,christianum e ,graeco4      
,engraven on the tomb of ,fr4 ,puccius  
the ,florentine in ,rome4 ,chytreus in  
deliciis4  #ciea4 ,paederatus in #cjj   
,lacedaemoniorum numerum non electus    
risit1 gratulari se dicens civitatem    
habere #cjj cives se meliores4  #cieb4  
,kissing goes by favour4  #ciec4 ,aeneas
 ,syl4 de miser4 curial4 ,dantur honores
 in curiis non secundum honores et      
virtutes1 sed ut quisque ditior est     
atque potentior1 eo magis honoratur4    
#cied4 ,sesellius lib4 #b4 de repub4    
,gallorum4 ,favore apud nos et gratia   
plerumque res agitur2 et qui commodum   
aliquem nacti sunt intercessorem1 aditum
 fere habent ad omnes praefecturas4     
#ciee4 ,slaves govern2 asses are decked 
with trappings2 horses are deprived of  

them4  #cief4 ,imperitus periti munus   
occupat1 et sic apud vulgus habetur4    
,ille profitetur mille coronatus1 cum   
nec decem mercatur2 alius e diverso     
mille dignus1 vix decem consequi potest4
  #cieg4 ,epist4 dedict4 disput4        
,zeubbeo ,bondemontio1 et ,cosmo        
,rucelaio4  #cieh4 ,quum is qui regnat1 
et regnandi sit imperitus4  #ciei4 ,lib4
 #bb4 hist4  #cifj4 ,ministri           
locupletiores sunt iis quibus           
ministratur4  #cifa4 ,hor4 lib4 #b4     
,sat4 #e4 ,learn how to grow rich4      
#cifb4 ,solomon ,eccles4 ix4 #aa4       
#cifc4 ,sat4 ,menip4  #cifd4 ,o wretched
 virtue6 you are therefore nothing but  
words1 and ,i have all this time been   
looking upon you as a reality1 while you
 are yourself the slave of fortune4     
#cife4 ,tale quid est apud ,valent4     
,andream ,apolog4 manip4 #e4 apol4 #ci4 
#ciff4 ,stella ,fomahant immortalitatem 
dabit4  #cifg4 ,lib4 de lib4 propiis4   
#cifh4 ,hor4 ,the muse forbids the      
praiseworthy man to die4  #cifi4 ,qui   

induit thoracem aut galeam1 c4  #cigj4  
,lib4 #d4 de guber4 ,dei4 ,quid est     
dignitas indigno nisi circulus aureus in
 naribus suis4  #ciga4 ,in ,lysandro4   
#cigb4 ,ovid4 ,met4  #cigc4 ,magistratus
 virum indicat4  #cigd4 ,ideo boni viri 
aliquando gratiam non accipiunt1 ne in  
superbiam eleventur venositate          
jactantiae1 ne altitudo muneris         
neglentiores efficiat4  #cige4 ,aelian4 
#cigf4 ,injuriarum remedium est oblivio4
  #cigg4 ,mat4 xviii4 #bb4 ,mat4 v4 #ci4
  #cigh4 ,rom4 xii4 #ag4  #cigi4 ,si    
toleras injuriam1 victor evadis2 qui    
enim pecuniis privatus est1 non est     
privatus victoria in hac philosophia4   
#cihj4 ,dispeream nisi te ultus fuero3  
dispeream nisi ut me deinceps ames      
effecero4  #ciha4 ,joach4 ,camerarius   
,embl4 #ba4 cent4 #a4  #cihb4           
,heliodorus4  #cihc4 ,reipsa reperi     
nihil esse homini melius facilitate et  
clementia4 ,ter4 ,adelph4  #cihd4 ,ovid4
  #cihe4 ,camden in ,glouc4  #cihf4     
,usque ad pectus ingressus est1 aquam1  

c4 cymbam amplectens1 sapientissime1 rex
 ait1 tua humilitas meam vicit          
superbiam1 et sapientia triumphavit     
ineptiam2 collum ascende quod contra te 
fatuus erexi1 intrabis terram quam hodie
 fecit tuam benignitas1 c4  #cihg4      
,chrysostom1 contumeliis affectus est et
 eas pertulit2 opprobriis1 nec ultus    
est2 verberibus caesus1 nec vicem       
reddidit4  #cihh4 ,rom4 xii4 #ad4       
#cihi4 ,pro4  #ciij4 ,contend not with a
 greater man1 ,pro4  #ciia4 ,occidere   
possunt4  #ciib4 ,non facile aut tutum  
in eum scribere qui potest proscribere4 
#ciic4 ,arcana tacere1 otium recte      
collocare1 injuriam posse ferre1        
difficillimum4  #ciid4 ,psal4 xlv4      
#ciie4 ,rom4 xii4  #ciif4 ,psa4 xiii4   
#ab4  #ciig4 ,nullus tam severe inimicum
 suum ulcisci potest1 quam ,deus solet  
miserorum oppressores4  #ciih4 ,arcturus
 in ,plaut4 ,he adjudicates judgment    
again1 and punishes with a still greater
 penalty4  #ciii4 ,hor4 #c4 od4 #b4     
#djjj4 ,wisd4 xi4 #f4  #djja4 ,juvenal4 

#djjb4 ,apud ,christianos non qui       
patitur1 sed qui facit injuriam miser   
est4 ,leo ser4  #djjc4 ,neque           
praecepisset ,deus si grave fuisset2 sed
 qua ratione potero8 facile si coelum   
suspexeris2 et ejus pulchritudine1 et   
quod pollicetur ,deus1 c4  #djjd4       
,valer4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #a4  #djje4 ,ep4  
,q4 frat4  #djjf4 ,camerarius1 emb4 #ge4
 cen4 #b4  #djjg4 ,pape1 inquit3 nullum 
animal tam pusillum quod non cupiat     
ulcisci4  #djjh4 ,quod tibi fieri non   
vis1 alteri ne feceris4  #djji4 #a ,pet4
 ii4  #djaj4 ,siquidem malorum proprium 
est inferre damna1 et bonorum pedissequa
 est injuria4  #djaa4 ,alciat4 emb4     
#djab4 ,naturam expellas furca licet    
usque recurret4  #djac4 ,by many        
indignities we come to dignities4 ,tibi 
subjicito quae fiunt aliis1 furtum      
convitia1 c4 ,et in iis in te admissis  
non excandesces4 ,epictetus4  #djad4    
,plutarch4 quinquagies ,catoni dies     
dicta ab inimicis4  #djae4 ,lib4 #ah4   
#djaf4 ,hoc scio pro certo quod si cum  

stercore certo1 vinco seu vincor1 semper
 ego maculor4  #djag4 ,lib4 #h4 cap4 #b4
  #djah4 ,obloquutus est1 probrumque    
tibi intulit quispiam1 sive vera is     
dixerit1 sive falsa1 maximam tibi       
coronam texueris si mansuete convitium  
tuleris4 ,chrys4 in #f4 cap4 ad ,rom4   
ser4 #aj4  #djai4 ,tullius epist4       
,dolabella1 tu forti sis animo2 et tua  
moderatio1 constantia1 eorum infamet    
injuriam4  #djbj4 ,boethius consol4 lib4
 #d4 pros4 #c4  #djba4 ,amongst people  
in every climate4  #djbb4 ,ter4 ,phor4  
#djbc4 ,camerar4 emb4 #fa4 cent4 #c4    
,why should you regard the harmless     
shafts of a vain-speaking tongue--does  
the exalted ,diana care for the barking 
of a dog8  #djbd4 ,lipsius elect4 lib4  
#c4 ult4 ,latrant me jaceo1 ac taceo1 c4
  #djbe4 ,catullus4  #djbf4 ,the symbol 
of ,i4 ,kevenheder1 a ,carinthian baron1
 saith ,sambucus4  #djbg4 ,the symbol of
 ,gonzaga1 ,duke of ,mantua4  #djbh4    
,pers4 sat4 #a4  #djbi4 ,magni animi est
 injurias despicere1 ,seneca de ira1    

cap4 #ca4  #djcj4 ,quid turpius quam    
sapientis vitam ex insipientis sermone  
pendere8 ,tullius #b4 de finibus4       
#djca4 ,tua te conscientia salvare1 in  
cubiculum ingredere1 ubi secure         
requiescas4 ,minuit se quodammodo proba 
bonitas conscientiae secretum1          
,boethius1 l4 #a4 pros4 #d4  #djcb4     
,ringantur licet et maledicant2         
,palladium illud pectori oppono1 non    
moveri3 consisto modestiae veluti sudi  
innitens1 excipio et frango stultissimum
 impetum livoris4 ,putean4 lib4 #b4     
epist4 #ec4  #djcc4 ,mil4 glor4 ,act4   
#c4 ,plautus4  #djcd4 ,bion said his    
father was a rogue1 his mother a whore1 
to prevent obloquy1 and to show that    
nought belonged to him but goods of the 
mind4  #djce4 ,lib4 #b4 ep4 #be4  #djcf4
 ,nosce teipsum4  #djcg4 ,contentus abi4
  #djch4 ,ne fidas opibus1 neque        
parasitis1 trahunt in praecipitium4     
#djci4 ,pace cum hominibus habe1 bellum 
cum vitiis4 ,otho4 #b4 imperat4 symb4   
#djdj4 ,daemon te nunquam otiosum       

inveniat4 ,hieron4  #djda4 ,diu         
deliberandum quod statuendum est semel4 
#djdb4 ,insipientis est dicere non      
putaram4  #djdc4 ,ames parentem1 si     
equum1 aliter feras2 praestes parentibus
 pietatem1 amicis dilectionem4  #djdd4  
,comprime linguam4 ,quid de quoque viro 
et cui dicas saepe caveto4 ,libentius   
audias quam loquaris2 vive ut vivas4    
#djde4 ,epictetus3 optime feceris si ea 
fugeris quae in alio reprehendis4       
,nemini dixeris quae nolis efferri4     
#djdf4 ,fuge sussurones4 ,percontatorem 
fugito1 c4  #djdg4 ,sint sales sine     
vilitate4 ,sen4  #djdh4 ,sponde1 presto 
noxa4  #djdi4 ,camerar4 emb4 #ee4 cent4 
#b4 cave cui credas1 vel nemini fidas   
,epicarmus4  #djej4 ,tecum habita4      
#djea4 ,bis dat qui cito dat4  #djeb4   
,post est occasio calva4  #djec4 ,nimia 
familiaritas parit contemptum4  #djed4  
,mendacium servile vitium4  #djee4      
,arcanum neque inscrutaberis ullius     
unquam1 commissumque teges1 ,hor4 lib4  
#a1 ep4 #ai4 ,nec tua laudabis studia   

aut aliena reprendes4 ,hor4 ep4 lib4    
#ah4  #djef4 ,ne te quaesiveris extra4  
#djeg4 ,stultum est timere1 quod vitari 
non potest4  #djeh4 ,de re amissa       
irreparabili ne doleas4  #djei4 ,tant   
eris aliis quanti tibi fueris4  #djfj4  
,neminem esto laudes vel accuses4       
#djfa4 ,nullius hospitis grata est mora 
longa4  #djfb4 ,solonis lex apud4       
,aristotelem ,gellius lib4 #b4 cap4 #ab4
  #djfc4 ,nullum locum putes sine teste1
 semper adesse ,deum cogita4  #djfd4    
,secreto amicos admone1 lauda palam4    
#djfe4 ,ut ameris amabilis esto4 ,eros  
et anteros gemelli ,veneris1 amatio et  
redamatio4 ,plat4  #djff4 ,dum fata     
sinunt vivite laeti1 ,seneca4  #djfg4   
,id apprime in vita utile1 ex aliis     
observare sibi quod ex usu siet4 ,ter4  
#djfh4 ,dum furor in cursu currenti cede
 furori4 ,cretizandum cum ,crete4       
,temporibus servi1 nec contra flamina   
flato4  #djfi4 ,nulla certior custodia  
innocentia3 inexpugnabile munimentum    
munimento non egere4  #djgj4 ,unicuique 

suum onus intolerabile videtur4  #djga4 
,livius4  #djgb4 ,ter4 scen4 #b4        
,adelphus4  #djgc4 ',twas not the will  
but the way that was wanting4  #djgd4   
,plautus4  #djge4 ,petronius ,catul4    
#djgf4 ,parmeno ,caelestinae1 ,act4 #h4 
,si stultita dolor esset1 in nulla non  
domo ejulatus audires4  #djgg4          
,busbequius4 ,sands4 lib4 #a4 fol4 #hi4 
#djgh4 ,quis hodie beatior1 quam cui    
licet stultum esse1 et eorundam         
immunitatibus frui4 ,sat4 ,menip4       
#djgi4 ,lib4 ,hist4  #djhj4 ,parvo      
viventes laboriosi1 longaevi1 suo       
contenti1 ad centum annos vivunt4       
#djha4 ,lib4 #f4 de ,nup4 ,philol4      
,ultra humanam fragilitatem prolixi1 ut 
immature pereat qui centenarius         
moriatur1 c4  #djhb4 ,victus eorum caseo
 et laete consistit1 potus aqua et      
serum2 pisces loco panis habent2 ita    
multos annos saepe #bej absque medico et
 medicina vivunt4  #djhc4 ,lib4 de #d4  
complex4  #djhd4 ,per mortes agunt      
experimenta et animas nostras           

negotiantur2 et quod aliis exitiale     
hominem occidere iis impunitas summa4   
,plinius4  #djhe4 ,juven4  #djhf4 ,omnis
 morbus lethalis aut curabilis1 in vitam
 definit aut in mortem4 ,utroque igitur 
modo medicina inutilis2 si lethalis1    
curari non potest2 si curabilis1 non    
requirit medicum3 natura expellet4      
#djhg4 ,in interpretationes             
politico-morales in #g ,aphorism4       
,hippoc4 libros4  #djhh4 ,praefat4 de   
contrad4 med4  #djhi4 ,opinio facit     
medicos3 a fair gown1 a velvet cap1 the 
name of a doctor is all in all4  #djij4 
,morbus alius pro alio curatur2 aliud   
remedium pro alio4  #djia4 ,contrarias  
proferunt sententias4 ,card4  #djib4    
,lib4 #c4 de sap4 ,omnes artes fraudem  
admittunt1 sola medicina sponte eam     
accersit4  #djic4 ,omnis aegrotus1      
propria culpa perit1 sed nemo nisi      
medici beneficio restituitur4 ,agrippa4 
#djid4 ,how does the surgeon differ from
 the doctor8 ,in this respect3 one kills
 by drugs1 the other by the hand2 both  

only differ from the hangman in this    
way1 they do slowly what he does in an  
instant4  #djie4 ,medicine cannot cure  
the knotty gout4  #djif4 ,lib4 #c4      
,crat4 ep4 ,winceslao ,raphaeno4 ,ausim 
dicere1 tot pulsuum differentias1 quae  
describuntur a ,galeno1 nec a quoquam   
intelligi1 nec observari posse4  #djig4 
,lib4 #bh4 cap4 #g4 syntax1 art4 mirab4 
,mallem ego expertis credere solum1 quam
 mere ratiocinantibus3 neque satis      
laudare possum institutum ,babylonicum1 
c4  #djih4 ,herod4 ,euterpe de          
,egyptiis4 ,apud eos singulorum morborum
 sunt singuli medici2 alius curat       
oculos1 alius dentes1 alius caput1      
partes occultas alius4  #djii4 ,cyrip4  
lib4 #a4 ,velut vestium fractarum       
resarcinatores1 c4  #dajj4 ,chrys4 hom4 
#daja4 ,prudens et pius medicus1 morbum 
ante expellere satagit1 cibis           
medicinalibus1 quam puris medicinis4    
#dajb4 ,cuicunque potest per alimenta   
restitui sanitas1 frugiendus est penitus
 usus medicamentorum4  #dajc4 ,modestus 

et sapiens medicus1 nunquam properabit  
ad pharmaciam1 nisi cogente necessitate4
  #dajd4 ,quicunque pharmacatur in      
juventute1 deflebit in senectute4       
#daje4 ,hildesh4 spic4 #b4 de mel4 fol4 
#bgf4 ,nulla est firme medicina purgans1
 quae non aliquam de viribus et partibus
 corporis depraedatur4  #dajf4 ,lib4 #a4
 et ,bart4 lib4 #h4 cap4 #ab4  #dajg4   
,de vict4 acut4 ,omne purgans           
medicamentum1 corpori purgato           
contrarium1 c4 succos et spiritus       
abducit1 substantiam corporis aufert4   
#dajh4 ,hesiod4 op4  #daji4 ,heurnius   
praef4 pra4 med4 ,quot morborum sunt    
ideae1 tot remediorum genera variis     
potentiis decorata4  #daaj4 ,penottus   
denar4 med4 ,quaecunque regio producit  
simplicia1 pro morbis regionis2 crescit 
raro absynthium in ,italia1 quod ibi    
plerumque morbi calidi1 sed cicuta1     
papaver1 et herbae frigidae2 apud nos   
,germanos et ,polonos ubique provenit   
absynthium4  #daaa4 ,quum in villam     
venit1 consideravit quae ibi crescebant 

medicamenta1 simplicia frequentiora1 et 
iis plerunque usus distillatis1 et      
aliter1 alimbacum ideo argenteum        
circumferens4  #daab4 ,herbae medicis   
utiles omnium in ,apulia feracissimae4  
#daac4 ,geog4 ad quos magnus herbariorum
 numerus undique confluit4 ,sincerus    
,itiner4 ,gallia4  #daad4 ,baldus mons  
prope ,benacum herbilegis maxime notus4 
#daae4 ,qui se nihil effecisse          
arbitrantur1 nisi ,indiam1 ,aethiopiam1 
,arabiam1 et ultra ,garamantas a tribus 
mundi partibus exquisita remedia        
corradunt4 ,tutius saepe medetur rustica
 anus una1 c4  #daaf4 ,ep4 lib4 #h4     
,proximorum incuriosi longinqua         
sectamur1 et ad ea cognoscenda iter     
ingredi et mare transmittere solemus2 at
 quae sub oculis posita negligimus4     
#daag4 ,exotica rejecit1 domesticis     
solum nos contentos esse voluit4 ,melch4
 ,adamus vit4 ejus4  #daah4 ,instit1 l4 
#a4 cap4 #h4 sec4 #a4 ad exquisitam     
curandi rationem1 quorum cognitio       
imprimis necessaria est4  #daai4 ,quae  

caeca vi ac specifica qualitate morbos  
futuros arcent4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #aj4      
,instit4 ,phar4  #dabj4 ,galen4 lib4    
epar lupi epaticos curat4  #daba4       
,stercus pecoris ad ,epilepsiam1 c4     
#dabb4 ,priestpintle1 rocket4  #dabc4   
,sabina faetum educit4  #dabd4 ,wecker4 
,vide ,oswaldum ,crollium1 lib4 de      
internis rerum signaturis1 de herbis    
particularibus parti cuique             
convenientibus4  #dabe4 ,idem           
,laurentius1 c4 #i4  #dabf4 ,dicor      
borago gaudia semper ago4  #dabg4 ,vino 
infusam hilaritatem facit4  #dabh4      
,odyss4 ,a4  #dabi4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #b4  
prax4 med4 mira vi laetitiam praebet et 
cor confirmat1 vapores melancholicos    
purgat a spiritibus4  #dacj4 ,proprium  
est ejus animum hilarem reddere1        
concoctionem juvare1 ccrebri            
obstructiones resecare1 sollicitudines  
fugare1 sollicitas imaginationes        
tollere4 ,scorzonera4  #daca4 ,non solum
 ad viperarum morsus1 comitiales1       
vertiginosos2 sed per se accommodata    

radix tristitiam discutit1              
hilaritatemque conciliat4  #dacb4 ,bilem
 utramque detrahit1 sanguinem purgat4   
#dacc4 ,lib4 #g4 cap4 #e4 ,laiet4 occit4
 ,indiae descrip4 lib4 #aj4 cap4 #b4    
#dacd4 ,heurnius1 l4 #b4 consil4 #ahe4  
,scoltzii consil4 #gg4  #dace4 ,praef4  
denar4 med4 ,omnes capitis dolores et   
phantasmata tollit2 scias nullam herbam 
in terris huic comparandam viribus et   
bonitate nasci4  #dacf4 ,optimum        
medicamentum in ceteri cordis           
confortatione1 et ad omnes qui          
tristantur1 c4  #dacg4 ,rondoletius4    
,elenum quod vim habet miram ad         
hilaritatem et multi pro secreto habent4
 ,sckenkius observ4 med4 cen4 #e4       
observ4 #hf4  #dach4 ,afflictas mentes  
relevat1 animi imaginationes et daemones
 expellit4  #daci4 ,sckenkius1          
,mizaldus1 ,rhasis4  #dadj4 ,cratonis   
ep4 vol4 #a4 ,credat qui vult gemmas    
mirabilia efficere2 mihi qui et ratione 
et experientia didici aliter rem habere1
 nullus facile persuadebit falsum esse  

verum4  #dada4 ,l4 de gemmis4  #dadb4   
,margaritae et corallum ad melancholiam 
praecipue valent4  #dadc4 ,margaritae et
 gemmae spiritus confortant et cor1     
melancholiam fugant4  #dadd4 ,praefat4  
ad lap4 prec4 lib4 #b4 sect4 #b4 de mat4
 med4 ,regum coronas ornant1 digitos    
illustrant1 supellectilem ditant1 e     
fascino tuentur1 morbis medentur1       
sanitatem conservant1 mentem exhilarant1
 tristitiam pellunt4  #dade4 ,encelius1 
l4 #c4 c4 #d4 ,suspensus vel ebibitus   
tristitiae multum resistit1 et cor      
recreat4  #dadf4 ,idem4 cap4 #e4 et cap4
 #f4 de ,hyacintho et ,topazio4 ,iram   
sedat et animi tristitiam pellit4       
#dadg4 ,lapis hic gestatus aut ebibitus 
prudentiam auget1 nocturnos timores     
pellit2 insanos hac sanavi1 et quum     
lapidem abjecerint1 erupit iterum       
stultitia4  #dadh4 ,inducit sapientiam1 
fugat stultitiam4 ,idem ,cardanus1      
lunaticos juvat4  #dadi4 ,confert ad    
bonum intellectum1 comprimit malas      
cogitationes1 c4 ,alacres reddit4       

#daej4 ,albertus1 ,encelius1 cap4 #dd4  
lib4 #c4 ,plin4 lib4 #cg4 cap4 #aj4     
,jacobus de ,dondis3 dextro brachio     
alligatus sanat lunaticos1 insanos1     
facit amabiles1 jucundos4  #daea4 ,valet
 contra phantasticas illusiones ex      
melancholia4  #daeb4 ,amentes sanat1    
tristitiam pellit1 iram1 c4  #daec4     
,valet ad fugandos timores et daemones1 
turbulenta somnia abigit1 et nocturnos  
puerorum timores compescit4  #daed4     
,somnia laeta facit argenteo annulo     
gestatus4  #daee4 ,atrae bili           
adversatur1 omnium gemmarum pulcherrima1
 coeli colorem refert1 animum ab errore 
liberat1 mores in melius mutat4  #daef4 
,longis moeroribus feliciter medetur1   
deliquiis1 c4  #daeg4 ,sec4 #e4 ,memb4  
#a4 ,subs4 #e4  #daeh4 ,gestamen lapidum
 et gemmarum maximum fert auxilium et   
juvamen2 unde qui dites sunt gemmas     
secum ferre student4  #daei4 ,margaritae
 et uniones quae a conchis et piscibus  
apud ,persas et ,indos1 valde cordiales 
sunt1 c4  #dafj4 ,aurum laetitiam       

general1 non in corde1 sed in arca      
virorum4  #dafa4 ,chaucer4  #dafb4      
,aurum non aurum4 ,noxium ob aquas      
rodentes4  #dafc4 ,ep4 ad ,monavium4    
,metallica omnia in universum quovismodo
 parata1 nec tuto nec commode intra     
corpus sumi4  #dafd4 ,in parag4         
,stultissimus pilus occipitis mei plus  
scit1 quam omnes vestri doctores1 et    
calceorum meorum annuli doctiores sunt  
quam vester ,galenus et ,avicenna1 barba
 mea plus experta est quam vestrae omnes
 ,academiae4  #dafe4 ,vide ,ernestum    
,burgratium1 edit4 ,franaker4 #hvo4     
#afaa4 ,crollius and others4  #daff4    
,plus proficiet gutta mea1 quam tot     
eorum drachmae et unciae4  #dafg4       
,nonnulli huic supra modum indulgent1   
usum etsi non adeo magnum1 non tamen    
abjiciendum censeo4  #dafh4 ,ausim      
dicere neminem medicum excellentem qui  
non in hac distillatione chymica sit    
versatus4 ,morbi chronici devinci citra 
metallica vix possint1 aut ubi sanguis  
corrumpitur4  #dafi4 ,fraudes hominum et

 ingeniorum capturae1 officinas invenere
 istas1 in quibus sua cuique venalis    
promittitur vita2 statim compositiones  
et mixturae inexplicabiles ex ,arabia et
 ,india1 ulceri parvo medicina a rubro  
mari importatur4  #dagj4 ,arnoldus      
,aphor4 #ae4 ,fallax medicus qui potens 
mederi simplicibus1 composita dolose aut
 frustra quaerit4  #daga4 ,lib4 #a4     
sect4 #a4 cap4 #h4 ,dum infinita        
medicamenta miscent1 laudem sibi        
comparare student1 et in hoc studio     
alter alterum superare conatur1 dum     
quisque quo plura miscuerit1 eo se      
doctiorem putet1 inde fit ut suam       
prodant inscitiam1 dum ostentant        
peritiam1 et se ridiculos exhibeant1 c4 
#dagb4 ,multo plus periculi a           
medicamento1 quam a morbo1 c4  #dagc4   
,expedit4 in ,sinas1 lib4 #a4 c4 #e4    
,praecepta medici dant nostris diversa1 
in medendo non infelices1 pharmacis     
utuntur simplicibus1 herbis1 radicibus1 
c4 tota eorum medicina nostrae herbariae
 praeceptis continetur1 nullus ludus    

hujus artis1 quisque privatus a quolibet
 magistro eruditur4  #dagd4 ,lib4 de    
,aqua4  #dage4 ,opusc4 de ,dos4  #dagf4 
,subtil4 cap4 de scientiis4  #dagg4     
,quaercetan4 pharmacop4 restitut4 cap4  
#b4 ,nobilissimum et utilissimum        
inventum summa cum necessitate          
adinventum et introductum4  #dagh4 ,cap4
 #be4 ,tetrabib4 #d4 ser4 #b4           
,necessitas nunc cogit aliquando noxia  
quaerere remedia1 et ex simplicibus     
compositas facere1 tum ad saporem1      
odorem1 palati gratiam1 ad correctionem 
simplicium1 tum ad futuros usus1        
conservationem1 c4  #dagi4 ,cum         
simplicia non possunt neccessitas cogit 
ad composita4  #dahj4 ,lips4 ,epist4    
#daha4 ,theod4 ,podromus ,amor4 lib4 #i4
  #dahb4 ,sanguinem corruptum emaculat1 
scabiem abolet1 lepram curat1 spiritus  
recreat1 et animum exhilarat4           
,melancholicos humores per urinam       
educit1 et cerebrum a crassis1          
aerumnosis melancholiae fumis purgat1   
quibus addo dementes et furiosos        

vinculis retinendos plurimum juvat1 et  
ad rationis usum ducit4 ,testis est mihi
 conscientia1 quod viderim matronam     
quandam hinc liberatam1 quae frequentius
 ex iracundia demens1 et impos animi    
dicenda tacenda loquebatur1 adeo furens 
ut ligari cogeretur4 ,fuit ei           
praestantissimo remedio1 vini istius    
usus1 indicatus a peregrino homine      
mendico1 eleemosynam prae foribus dictae
 matronae implorante4  #dahc4 ,iis qui  
tristautur sine causa1 et vitant        
amicorum societatem et tremunt corde4   
#dahd4 ,modo non inflammetur            
melancholia1 aut calidiore temperamento 
sint4  #dahe4 ,heurnius3 datur in sero  
lactis1 aut vino4  #dahf4 ,veratri modo 
expurgat cerebrum1 roborat memoriam4    
,fuchsias4  #dahg4 ,crassos et biliosos 
humores per vomitum educit4  #dahh4     
,vomitum et menses cit4 valet ad hydrop4
 c4  #dahi4 ,materias atras educit4     
#daij4 ,ab arte ideo rejiciendum1 ob    
periculum suffocationis4  #daia4 ,cap4  
#af4 magna vi educit1 et molestia cum   

summa4  #daib4 ,quondam terribile4      
#daic4 ,multi studiorum gratia ad       
providenda acrius quae commentabantur4  
#daid4 ,medetur comitialibus1           
melancholicis1 podagricis2 vetatur      
senibus1 pueris1 mollibus et            
effaeminatis4  #daie4 ,collect4 lib4 #h4
 cap4 #c4 in affectionibus iis quae     
difficulter curantur1 ,helleborum damus4
  #daif4 ,non sine summa cautio ne hoc  
remedio utemur2 est enim validissimum1  
et quum vires ,antimonii contemnit      
morbus1 in auxilium evocatur1 modo      
valide vires efflorescant4  #daig4      
,aetias tetrab4 cap4 #a4 ser4 #b4 ,iis  
solum dari vult ,helleborum album1 qui  
secus spem non habent1 non iis qui      
,syncopem timent1 c4  #daih4 ,cum salute
 multorum4  #daii4 ,cap4 #ab de morbis  
cap4  #dbjj4 ,nos facillime utimur      
nostro prepaerato ,helleboro albo4      
#dbja4 ,in lib4 #e4 ,dioscor4 cap4 #c4  
,omnibus opitulator morbis1 quos        
atrabilis excitavit comitialibus iisque 
presertim qui ,hypocondriacas obtinent  

passiones4  #dbjb4 ,andreas ,gallus1    
,tridentinus medicus1 salutem huic      
medicamento post ,deum debet4  #dbjc4   
,integrae sanitati brevi restitutus4 ,id
 quod aliis accidisse scio1 qui hoc     
mirabili medicamento usi sunt4  #dbjd4  
,qui melancholicus factus plane         
desipiebat1 multaque stulte loquebaturr1
 huic exhibitum #ab4 gr4 stibium1 quod  
paulo post atram bilem ex alvo eduxit   
7ut ego vidi1 qui vocatus tanquam ad    
miraculum adfui testari possum17 et     
ramenta tunquam carnis dissecta in      
partes totum excrementum tanquam        
sanguinem nigerrimum repraesentabat4    
#dbje4 ,antimonium venenum1 non         
medicamentum4  #dbjf4 ,cratonis ep4     
sect4 vel ad ,monavium ep4 ,in utramque 
partem dignissimum medicamentum1 si     
recte utentur1 secus venenum4  #dbjg4   
,maerores fugant2 utilissime dantur     
melancholicis et quaternariis4  #dbjh4  
,millies horum vires expertus sum4      
#dbji4 ,sal nitrium1 sal ammoniaeum1    
,dracontii radix1 doctamnum4  #dbaj4    

,calet ordine secundo1 siccat primo1    
adversus omnia vitia atrae bilis valet1 
sanguinem mundat1 spiritus illustrat1   
maerorem discutit herba mirifica4       
#dbaa4 ,cap4 #d4 lib4 #b4  #dbab4       
,recentiores negant ora venarum         
resecare4  #dbac4 ,an aloe aperiat ora  
venarum4 lib4 #i4 cont4 #c4  #dbad4     
,vapores abstergit a vitalibus partibus4
  #dbae4 ,tract4 #ae4 c4 #f4 ,bonus     
,alexander1 tantam lapide ,arnteno      
confidentiam habuit1 ut omnes           
melancholicas passiones ab eo curari    
posse crederet1 et ego inde saepissime  
usus sum1 et in ejus exhibitione nunquam
 fraudatus fui4  #dbaf4 ,maurorum medici
 hoc lapide plerumque purgant           
melancholiam1 c4  #dbag4 ,quo ego saepe 
feliciter usus sum1 et magno cum        
auxilio4  #dbah4 ,si non hoc1 nihil     
restat nisi ,helleborus1 et lapis       
,armenus4 ,consil4 #ahd4 ,scoltzii4     
#dbai4 ,multa corpora vidi gravissime   
hinc agitata1 et stomacho multum        
obfuisse4  #dbbj4 ,cum vidissit ab eo   

curari capras furentes1 c4  #dbba4 ,lib4
 #f4 simpl4 med4  #dbbb4 ,pseudolo act4 
#d4 scen4 ult4 helleboro hisce hominibus
 opus est4  #dbbc4 ,hor4  #dbbd4 ,in    
,satyr4  #dbbe4 ,crato consil4 #af4 l4  
#b4 ,etsi multi magni viri probent1 in  
bonam partem accipiant medici1 non      
probem4  #dbbf4 ,vescuntur veratro      
coturnices quod hominibus toxicum est4  
#dbbg4 ,lib4 #bc4 c4 #g4 #ab4 #ad4      
#dbbh4 ,de var4 hist4  #dbbi4 ,corpus   
incolume reddit1 et juvenile efficit4   
#dbcj4 ,veteres non sine causa usi sunt3
 ,difficilis ex ,helleboro purgatio1 et 
terroris plena1 sed robustis datur      
tamen1 c4  #dbca4 ,innocens             
medicamentum1 modo rite paretur4  #dbcb4
 ,absit jactantia1 ego primus praebere  
caepi1 c4  #dbcc4 ,in ,catart4 ,ex una  
sola evacuatione furor cessavit et      
quietus inde vixit4 ,tale exemplum apud 
,sckenkium et apud ,scoltzium1 ep4 #bca4
 ,p4 ,monavius se stolidum curasse      
jactat hoc epoto tribus aut quatuor     
vicibus4  #dbcd4 ,ultimum refugium1     

extremum medicamentum1 quod caetera     
omnia claudit1 quaecunque caeteris      
laxativis pelli non possunt ad hunc     
pertinent2 si non huic1 nulli cedunt4   
#dbce4 ,testari possum me sexcentis     
hominibus ,helleborum nigrum exhibuisse1
 nullo prorsus incommodo1 c4  #dbcf4    
,pharmacop4 ,optimum est ad maniam et   
omnes melancholicos affactus1 tum intra 
assumptum1 tum extra1 secus capiti cum  
linteolis in eo madefactis tepide       
admotutm4  #dbcg4 ,epist4 ,math4 lib4   
#c4 ,tales ,syrupi nocentissimi et      
omnibus modis extirpandi4  #dbch4       
,purgantia censebant medicamenta1 non   
unum humorem attrahere1 sed quemcunque  
attigerint in suam naturam convertere4  
#dbci4 ,religantur omnes exsiccantes    
medicinae1 ut ,aloe1 ,hiera1 pilulae    
quaecunque4  #dbdj4 ,contra eos qui     
lingua vulgari et vernacula remedia et  
medicamenta praescribunt1 et quibusvis  
communia faciunt4  #dbda4 ,quis1        
quantum1 quando4  #dbdb4 ,fernelius1    
lib4 #b4 cap4 #ai4  #dbdc4 ,renodeus1   

lib4 #e4 cap4 #ba4 de his ,mercurialis  
lib4 #c4 de composit4 med4 cap4 #bd4    
,heurnius1 lib4 #a4 prax4 med4 ,wecker1 
c4  #dbdd4 ,cont4 lib4 #a4 c4 #i1       
festines ad impinguationem1 et cum      
impinguantur1 removetur malum4  #dbde4  
,beneficium ventris4  #dbdf4 ,si ex     
primario cerebri affectu melancholici   
evaserint1 sanguinis detractione non    
indigent1 nisi ob alias causas sanguis  
mittatur1 si multus in vasis1 c4 frustra
 enim fatigatur corpus1 c4  #dbdg4      
,competit iis phlebotomia frontis4      
#dbdh4 ,si sanguis abundet1 quod scitur 
ex venarum repletione1 victus ratione   
praecedente1 risu aegri1 aetate et      
aliis4 ,tundatur mediana2 et si sanguis 
apparet clarus et ruber1 supprimatur2   
aut si yere1 si niger aut crassus       
permittatur fluere pro viribus aegri1   
dein post #h4 vel4 #ab4 diem aperiatur  
cephalica partis magis affectae1 et vena
 frontis1 aut sanguis provocetur setis  
per nares1 c4  #dbdi4 ,si quibus        
consuetae suae suppressae sunt menses1  

c4 talo secare oportet1 aut vena frontis
 si sanguis peccet cerebro4  #dbej4     
,nisi ortum ducat a sanguine1 ne morbus 
inde augeatur2 phlebotomia refrigerat et
 exiceat1 nisi corpus sit valde         
sanguineum1 rubicundum4  #dbea4 ,cum    
sanguinem detrahere oportet1            
deliberatione indiget4 ,areteus1 lib4   
#g4 c4 #e4  #dbeb4 ,a lenioribus        
auspicandum4 7,valescus1 ,fiso1 ,bruel7 
rariusque medicamentis purgantibus      
utendum1 ni sit opus4  #dbec4 ,quia     
corpus exiccant1 morbum augent4  #dbed4 
,guianerius ,tract4 #ae4 c4 #f4  #dbee4 
,piso4  #dbef4 ,rhasis1 saepe valent ex 
,helleboro4  #dbeg4 ,lib4 #g4 ,exigius  
medicamentis morbus non obsequitur4     
#dbeh4 ,modo caute detur et robustis4   
#dbei4 ,consil4 #aj4 l4 #a4  #dbfj4     
,plin4 l4 #ca4 c4 #f4 ,navigationes ob  
vomitionem prosunt plurimis morbis      
capitis1 et omnibus ob quae ,helleborum 
bibitur4 ,idem ,dioscorides1 lib4 #e4   
cap4 #ac4 ,avicenna tertia imprimis4    
#dbfa4 ,nunquam dedimus1 quin ex una aut

 altera assumptione1 ,deo juvante1      
fuerint ad salutem restituti4  #dbfb4   
,lib4 #b4 ,inter composita purgantia    
melancholiam4  #dbfc4 ,longo experimento
 a se observatum esse1 melancholicos    
sine offensa egregie curandos valere4   
,idem responsione ad ,aubertum1 veratrum
 nigrum1 alias timidum et periculosum   
vini spiritu etiam et olco commodum sic 
usui redditur ut etiam pueris tuto      
administrari possit4  #dbfd4 ,certum est
 hujus herbae virtutem maximam et       
mirabilem esse1 parumque distare a      
balsamo4 ,et qui norit eo recte uti1    
plus habet artis quam tota scribentium  
cohors aut omnes doctores in ,germania4 
#dbfe4 ,quo feliciter usus sum4  #dbff4 
,hoc posito quod aliae medicina non     
valeant1 ista tune ,dei misericordia    
valebit1 et est medicina coronata1 quae 
secretissime tenentur4  #dbfg4 ,lib4 de 
artif4 med4  #dbfh4 ,sect4 #c4 ,optimum 
remedium aqua composita ,savanarolae4   
#dbfi4 ,sckenkius1 observ4 #ca4  #dbgj4 
,donatus ab ,altomari1 cap4 #g4 ,tester 

,deum1 me multos melancholicos hujus    
solius syrupi usu curasse1 facta prius  
purgatione4  #dbga4 ,centum ova et unum1
 quolibet mane sumant ova sorbilia1 cum 
sequenti pulvere supra ovum aspersa1 et 
contineant quousque assumpserint centum 
et unum1 maniacis et melancholicis      
utilissimum remedium4  #dbgb4           
,quercetan1 cap4 #d4 ,phar4 ,oswaldus   
,crollius4  #dbgc4 ,cap4 #a4 ,licet tota
 ,galenistarum schola1 mineralia non    
sine impio et ingrato fastu a sua       
practica detestentur2 tamen in          
gravioribus morbis omni vegetabilium    
derelicto subsidio1 ad mineralia        
confugiunt1 licet ea temere1 ignaviter1 
et inutiliter usurpent4 ,ad finem libri4
  #dbgd4 ,veteres maledictis incessit1  
vincit1 et contra omnem antiquitatem    
coronatur1 ipseque a se victor          
declaratur4 ,gal4 lib4 #a4 meth4 c4 #b4 
#dbge4 ,codronchus de sale absynthii4   
#dbgf4 ,idem ,paracelsus in medicina1   
quod ,lutherus in ,theologia4  #dbgg4   
,disput4 in eundem1 parte #a4 ,magus    

ebrius1 illiteratus1 daemonem           
praeceptorem habuit1 daemones           
familiares1  c4  #dbgh4 ,master ,d4     
,lapworth4  #dbgi4 ,ant4 ,philos4 cap4  
de melan4 frictio vertice1 c4  #dbhj4   
,aqua fortissima purgans os1 nares1 quam
 non vult auro vendere4  #dbha4         
,mercurialis consil4 #f4 et #cj4        
haemorroidum et mensium provocatio      
juvat1 modo ex eorum suppressione ortum 
habuerit4  #dbhb4 ,laurentius1 ,bruel1  
c4  #dbhc4 ,p4 ,bayerus1 l4 #b4 cap4    
#ac4 naribus1 c4  #dbhd4 ,cucurbitulae  
siccae1 et fontanellae crure sinistro4  
#dbhe4 ,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 ,vapores 
a cerebro trahendi sunt frictionibus    
universi1 cucurbitulis siccis1 humeris  
ac dorso affixis1 circa pedes et crura4 
#dbhf4 ,fontanellam aperi juxta         
occipitum1 aut brachium4  #dbhg4        
,baleni1 ligaturae1 frictiones1 c4      
#dbhh4 ,canterium fiat sutura coronali1 
diu fluere permittantur loca ulcerosa4  
,trepano etiam cranii densitas imminui  
poterit1 ut vaporibus fuliginosis exitus

 pateat4  #dbhi4 ,quoniam difficulter   
cedit aliis medicamentis1 ideo fiat in  
vertice cauterium1 aut crure sinistro   
infra genu4  #dbij4 ,fiant duo aut tria 
cauteria1 cum ossis perforatione4       
#dbia4 ,vidi ,romae melancholicum qui   
adhibitis multis remediis1 sanari non   
poterat2 sed cum cranium gladio fractum 
esset1 optime sanatus est4  #dbib4 ,et  
alterum vidi melancholicum1 qui ex alto 
cadens non sine astantium admiratione1  
liberatus est4  #dbic4 ,radatur caput et
 fiat cauterium in capite2 procul dubio 
ista faciunt ad fumorum exhalationem2   
vidi melancholicum a fortuna gladio     
vulneratum1 et cranium fractum1 quam diu
 vulnus apertum1 curatus optime2 at cum 
vulnus sanatum1 reversa est mania4      
#dbid4 ,usque ad duram matrem trepanari 
feci1 et per mensam aperte stetit4      
#dbie4 ,cordis ratio semper habenda quod
 cerebro compatitur1 et sese invicem    
officiunt4  #dbif4 ,aphor4 #ch4         
,medicina ,theriacalis praecaeteris     
eligenda4  #dbig4 ,galen1 de temp4 lib4 

#c4 c4 #c4 moderate vinum sumptum1 acuit
 ingenium4  #dbih4 ,tardos aliter et    
tristes thuris in modum exhalare facit4 
#dbii4 ,hilaritatem ut oleum flammam    
excitat4  #dcjj4 ,viribus retinendis    
cardiacum eximium1 nutriendo corpori    
ailimentum optimum1 aetatem floridam    
facit1 calorem innatum fovet1           
concoctionem juvat1 stomachum roborat1  
excrementis viam parat1 urinam movet1   
somnum conciliat1 venena frigidos flatus
 dissipat1 crassos humores attenuat1 co 
quit1 discutit1 c4  #dcja4 ,hor4 lib4   
#b4 od4 #aa4 ,bacchus dissipates        
corroding cares4  #dcjb4 ,odyss4 ,a4    
#dcjc4 ,pausanias4  #dcjd4 ,siracides1  
#ca4 #bh4  #dcje4 ,legitur et prisci    
,catonis4 ,saepe mero caluisse virtus4  
#dcjf4 ,in pocula et aleam se           
praecipitavit1 et iis fere tempus       
traduxit1 ut aegram crapula mentem      
levaret1 et conditionis praesentis      
cogitationes quibus agitabatur sobrius  
vitaret4  #dcjg4 ,so did the ,athenians 
of old1 as ,suidas relates1 and so do   

the ,germans at this day4  #dcjh4 ,lib4 
#f4 cap4 #bc4 et #bd4 de rerum          
proprietat4  #dcji4 ,esther1 i4 #h4     
#dcaj4 ,tract4 #a4 cont4 l4 #a4 ,non est
 res laudabilior eo1 vel cura melior2   
qui melancholicus1 utatur societate     
hominum et biberia2 et qui potest       
sustinere usum vini1 non indiget alia   
medicina1 quod eo sunt omnia ad usum    
necessaria hujus passionis4  #dcaa4 ,tum
 quod sequatur inde sudor1 vomitio1     
urina1 a quibus superfluitates a corpore
 removentur et remanet corpus mundum4   
#dcab4 ,hor4  #dcac4 ,lib4 #ae4 #b4     
noct4 ,alt4 ,vigorem animi moderate vini
 usu tueamur1 et calefacto simul1       
refotoque animo si quid in eo vel       
frigidae tristitiae1 vel torpentis      
verecundiae fuerit1 diluamus4  #dcad4   
,hor4 l4 #a4 od4 #bg4  #dcae4 ,od4 #g4  
lib4 #a4 #bf4 ,nam praestat ebrium me   
quam mortuum jacere4  #dcaf4 ,ephes4 v4 
#ah4 ser4 #ai4 in cap4 #e4  #dcag4 ,lib4
 #ad4 #e4 ,nihil perniciosus viribus si 
modus absit1 venenum4  #dcah4           

,theocritus idyl4 #ac4 vino dari        
laetitiam et dolorem4  #dcai4 ,renodeus4
  #dcbj4 ,mercurialis consil4 #be4      
,vinum frigidis optimum1 et pessimum    
ferina melancholia4  #dcba4 ,fernelius  
consil4 #dd et #de1 vinum prohibet      
assiduum1 et aromata4  #dcbb4 ,modo     
jecur non incendatur4  #dcbc4 ,per #bd  
horas sensum doloris omnem tollit1 et   
ridere facit4  #dcbd4 ,hildesheim1      
spicel4 #b4  #dcbe4 ,alkermes1 omnia    
vitalia viscera mire confortat4  #dcbf4 
,contra omnes melancholicos affectus    
confert1 ac certum est ipsius usu omnes 
cordis et corporis vires mirum in modum 
refici4  #dcbg4 ,succinum vero          
albissimum confortat ventriculum1 statum
 discutit1 urinam movet1 c4  #dcbh4     
,gartias ab ,horto aromatum lib4 #a4    
cap4 #ae4 adversus omnes morbos         
melancholicos conducit1 et venenum4 ,ego
 7inquit7 utor in morbis melancholicis1 
c4 et deploratos hujus usu ad pristinam 
sanitatem restitui4 ,see more in        
,bauhinas' book de lap4 ,bezoar c4 #de4 

#dcbi4 ,edit4 #afag4 ,monspelii         
electuarium fit preciocissimum ,alcherm4
 c4  #dccj4 ,nihil morbum hunc aeque    
exasperat1 ac alimentorum vel calidiorum
 usus4 ,alchermes ideo suspectus1 et    
quod semel moneam1 caute adhibenda      
calida medicamenta4  #dcca4 ,sckenkius  
,i4 ,i4 ,observat4 de ,mania1 ad mentis 
alienationem1 et desipientiam vitio     
cerebri obortam1 in manuscripto codice  
,germanico1 tale medicamentum reperi4   
#dccb4 ,caput arietis nondum experti    
venerem1 uno ictu amputatum1 cornibus   
tantum demotis1 integrum cum lana et    
pelle bene elixabis1 tum aperto cerebrum
 eximes1 et addens aromata1 c4  #dccc4  
,cinis testudinis ustus1 et vino potus  
melancholiam curat1 et rasura cornu     
,rhinocerotis1 c4 ,sckenkius4  #dccd4   
,instat in matrice1 quod sursum et      
deorsum ad odoris sensum praecipitatur4 
#dcce4 ,viscount ,st4 ,alban's4  #dccf4 
,ex decocto florum nympheae1 lactuae1   
violarum1 chamomilae1 alibeae1 capitis  
vervecum1 c4  #dccg4 ,inter auxilia     

multa adhibita1 duo visa sunt remedium  
adferre1 usus seri caprini cum extracto 
,hellebori1 et irrigatio ex lacte       
,nympheae1 violarum1 c4 suturae coronali
 adhibita2 his remediis sanitate        
pristinam adeptus est4  #dcch4 ,confert 
et pulmo arietis1 calidus agnus per     
dorsum divisus1 exenteratus1 admotus    
sincipiti4  #dcci4 ,semina cumini1      
rutae1 dauci anethi cocta4  #dcdj4 ,lib4
 #c4 de locis affect4  #dcda4 ,tetrab4  
#b4 ser4 #a4 cap4 #aj4  #dcdb4 ,cap4 de 
mel4 collectum die vener4 hora ,jovis   
cum ad ,energiam venit c4 #a4 ad        
plenilunium ,julii1 inde gesta et collo 
appensa hunc affectum apprime juvat et  
fanaticos spiritus expellit4  #dcdc4 ,l4
 de proprietat4 animal4 ovis a lupo     
correptae pellem non esse pro indumenta 
corporis usurpandam1 cordis enim        
palpitationem excitat1 c4  #dcdd4 ,mart4
  #dcde4 ,phar4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ab4      
#dcdf4 ,aetius cap4 #ca4 ,tet4 #c4 ser4 
#d4  #dcdg4 ,dioscorides1 ,ulysses      
,alderovandus de aranea4  #dcdh4        

,mistress ,dorothy ,burton1 she died1   
#afbi4  #dcdi4 ,solo somno curata est   
citra medici auxilium1 fol4 #aed4       
#dcej4 ,bellonius observat4 l4 #c4 c4   
#ae4 lassitudinem et labores animi      
tollunt2 inde ,garcias ab ,horto1 lib4  
#a4 cap4 #d4 simp4 med4  #dcea4         
,absynthium somnos allicit olfactu4     
#dceb4 ,read ,lemnius lib4 her4 bib4    
cap4 #b4 of ,mandrake4  #dcec4          
,hyoscyamus sub cervicali viridis4      
#dced4 ,plantum pedis inungere          
pinguedine gliris dicunt efficacissimum1
 et quod vix credi potest1 dentes       
inunctos ex sorditie aurium canis somnum
 profundum conciliare1 c4 ,cardan de    
rerum varietat4  #dcee4 ,veni mecum lib4
  #dcef4 ,aut si quid incautius         
exciderit aut1 c4  #dceg4 ,nam qua parte
 pavor simul est pudor additus illi4    
,statius4  #dceh4 ,olysipponensis       
medicus2 pudor aut juvat aut laedit4    
#dcei4 ,de mentis alienat4  #dcfj4 ,m4  
,doctor ,ashworth4  #dcfa4 ,facies      
nonnullis maxime calet rubetque si se   

paululum exercuerint2 nonnullis         
quiescentibus idem accidit1 faeminis    
praesertim2 causa quicquid fervidum aut 
halituosum sanguinem facit4  #dcfb4     
,interim faciei prospiciendum ut ipsa   
refrigeretur2 utrumque praestabit       
frequens potio ex aqua rosarum1         
violarum1 nenupharis1 c4  #dcfc4 ,ad    
faciei ruborem aqua spermatis ranarum4  
#dcfd4 ,recta utantur in aestate        
floribus ,cichorii sacchoro conditis vel
 saccharo rosaceo1 c4  #dcfe4 ,solo usu 
decocti ,cichorii4  #dcff4 ,utile       
imprimis noctu faciem illinire sanguine 
leporino1 et mane aqua fragrorum vel    
aqua floribus verbasci cum succo limonum
 distillato abluere4  #dcfg4 ,utile     
rubenti faciei caseum recentem imponere4
  #dcfh4 ,consil4 #bb lib4 unico vini   
haustu sit contentus4  #dcfi4 ,idem     
consil4 #bhc4 ,scoltzii laudatur        
conditus rosae caninae fructus ante     
prandium et caenem ad magnitudinem      
castaneae4 ,decoctum radium ,sonchi1 si 
ante cibum sumatur1 valet plurimum4     

#dcgj4 ,cucurbit1 ad scapulas apposite4 
#dcga4 ,piso4  #dcgb4 ,mediana prae     
caeteris4  #dcgc4 ,succi melancholici   
malitia a sanguinis bonitate corrigitur4
  #dcgd4 ,perseverante malo ex quacunque
 parto sanguinis detrahi debet4  #dcge4 
,observat4 fol4 #aed4 curarus ex vulnere
 in crure ob cruorem arnissum4  #dcgf4  
,studium sit omne ut melancholicus      
impinguetur3 ex quo enim pingues et     
carnosi1 illico sani sunt4  #dcgg4      
,hildesheim spicel4 #b4 ,inter calida   
radix petrofelini1 apii1 feniculi2      
,inter frigida emulsio seminis melonum  
cum sero caprino quod est commune       
vehiculum4  #dcgh4 ,hoc unum praemoneo  
domine ut sis diligens circa victum1    
sine quo cetera remedia frustra         
adhibentur4  #dcgi4 ,laurentius cap4    
#ae4 evulsionis gratia venam internam   
alterius brachii secamus4  #dchj4 ,si   
pertinax morbus1 venam fronte secabis4  
,bruell4  #dcha4 ,ego maximam curam     
stomacho delegabo4 ,octa4 ,horatianus   
lib4 #b4 c4 #g4  #dchb4 ,citius et      

efficacius suas vires exercet quam      
solent decocta ac diluta in quantitate  
multa1 et magna cum assumentium molestia
 desumpta4 ,flatus hic sal efficaciter  
dissipat1 urinam movet1 humores crassos 
abstergit1 stomachum egregie confortat1 
cruditatem1 nauseam1 appetentiam mirum  
in modum renovat1 c4  #dchc4 ,piso1     
,altomarus1 ,laurentius c4 #ae4  #dchd4 
,his utendum saepius iteratis3 a        
vehementioribus semper abstinendum ne   
ventrem exasperent4  #dche4 ,lib4 #b4   
cap4 #a4 ,quoniam caliditate conjuncta  
est siccitas quae malum auget4  #dchf4  
quisquis frigidis auxiliis hoc morbo    
usus fuerit1 is obstructionem aliaque   
symptomata augebit4  #dchg4 ,ventriculus
 plerumque frigidus1 epar calidum2      
quomodo ergo ventriculum calefaciet1 vel
 refrigerabit hepar sine alterius maximo
 detrimento8  #dchh4 ,significatum per  
literas1 incredibilem utilitatem ex     
decocto ,chinae1 et ,sassafras          
percepisse4  #dchi4 ,tumorem splenis    
incurabilem sola cappari curavit1 cibo  

tali aegritudine aptissimo3 ,soloque usu
 aquae1 in qua faber ferrarius saepe    
candens ferrum extinxerat1 c4  #dcij4   
,animalia quae apud hos fabros          
educantur1 exiguos habent lienes4       
#dcia4 ,l4 #a4 cap #ag4  #dcib4         
,continuum ejus usus semper felicem in  
aegris finem est assequutus4  #dcic4 ,si
 ,hemorroides fluxerint1 nullum         
praestantius esset remedium1            
quaesanguifugis admotis provocari       
poterunt4 observat4 lib4 #a4 pro hypoc4 
legulcio4  #dcid4 ,aliis apertio haec in
 hoc morbo videtur utilissima2 mihi non 
admodum probatur1 quia sanguinem tenuem 
attrahit et crassum relinquit4  #dcie4  
,lib4 #b4 cap4 #ac4 omnes melancholici  
debent omittere urinam provocantia1     
quoniam per ea educitur subtile1 et     
remanet crassum4  #dcif4 ,ego           
experientia probavi1 multos             
,hypocondriacos solo usu ,clysterum     
fuisse sanatos4  #dcig4 ,in eradicate   
optimum1 ventriculum aretius alligari4  
#dcih4 j4 ,theriacae1 ,vere praesertim  

et aestate4  #dcii4 ,cons4 #ab4 l4 #a4  
#ddjj4 ,cap4 #cc4  #ddja4 ,trincavellius
 consil4 #ae4 cerotum pro sene          
melancholico ad jecur optimum4  #ddjb4  
,emplastra pro splene4 ,fernel4 consil4 
#de4  #ddjc4 ,dropax e pice navali1 et  
oleo rutuceo affigatur ventriculo1 et   
toti metaphreni4  #ddjd4 ,cauteria      
cruribus inusta4  #ddje4 ,fontanellae   
sint in utroque crure4  #ddjf4 ,lib4 #a4
 c4 #ag4  #ddjg4 ,de mentis alienat4 c4 
#c4 flatus egregie discutiunt           
materiamque evocant4  #ddjh4 ,gavendum  
hic diligenter a1 multum1               
calefacientibus1 atque exsiccantibus1   
sive alimenta fuerint haec1 sive        
medicamenta3 nonnulli enim ut           
ventositates et rugitus conpescant1     
hujusmodi utentes medicamentis1 plurimum
 peccant1 morbum sit augentes3 debent   
enim medicamenta declinare ad calidum   
vel frigidum secundum exigentiam        
circumstantiarum1 vel ut patiens        
inclinat ad cal4 et frigid4  #ddji4     
,cap4 #e lib4 #g4  #ddaj4 ,piso ,bruel4 

mire flatus resolvit4  #ddaa4 ,lib4 #a4 
c4 #ag4 nonnullos praetensione ventris  
deploratos illico restitutos bis        
videmus4  #ddab4 ,velut incantamentum   
quoddam ex flatuoso spiritu1 dolorem    
ortum levant4  #ddac4 ,terebinthinam    
,cypriam habeant familiarem1 ad         
quantitatem deglutiant nucis parvae1    
tribus horis ante prandium vel coenam1  
ter singulis septimanis prout expedire  
videbitur2 nam praeterquam quod alvum   
mollem efficit1 obstructiones aperit1   
ventriculum purgat1 urinam provocat     
hepar mundificat4  #ddad4 ,encom4       
,moriae leviores esse nugas quam ut     
,theologum deceant4  #ddae4 ,lib4 #h4   
,eloquent1 cap #ad4 de affectibus       
mortalium vitio fit qui praeclara       
quaeque in pravos usus vertunt4  #ddaf4 
,quoties de amatoriis mentio facta est1 
tam vehementer excandui2 tam severa     
tristitia violari aures meas obsceno    
sermone nolui1 ut me tanquam unam ex    
,philosophis intuerentur4  #ddag4       
,martial4 ,in ,brutus' presence         

,lucretia blushed and laid my book      
aside2 when he retired1 she took it up  
again and read4  #ddah4 ,lib4 #d4 of    
civil conversation4  #ddai4 ,si male    
locata est opera scribendo1 ne ipsi     
locent in legendo4  #ddbj4 ,med4 epist4 
l4 #a4 ep4 #ad4 ,cadmus ,milesius teste 
,suida4 de hoc ,erotico ,amore4 #ad4    
libros scripsit nec me pigebit in       
gratiam adolescentum hanc scribere      
epistolam4  #ddba4 ,comment4 in #b4     
,aeneid4  #ddbb4 ,meros amores meram    
impudicitiam sonare videtur nisi1 c4    
#ddbc4 ,ser4 #h4  #ddbd4 ,quod risum et 
eorum amores commemoret4  #ddbe4 ,quum  
multa ei objecissent quod ,critiam      
tyrannidem docuisset1 quod ,platonem    
juraret loquacem sophistem1 c4          
accusationem amoris nullam fecerunt4    
,ideoque honestus amor1 c4  #ddbf4      
,carpunt alii ,platonicam majestatem    
quod amori nimium indulserit1           
,dicearchus et alii2 sed male4 ,omnis   
amor honestus et bonus1 et amore digni  
qui bene dicunt de ,amore4  #ddbg4 ,med4

 obser4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #g4 de admirando  
amoris affectu dicturus2 ingens patet   
campus ei philosophicus1 quo saepe      
homines ducuntur ad insaniam1 libeat    
modo vagari1 c4 ,quae non ornent modo1  
sed fragrantia et succulentia jucunda   
plenius alant1 c4  #ddbh4 ,lib4 #a4     
praefat4 de amoribus agens relaxandi    
animi causa laboriosissimis studiis     
fatigati2 quando et ,theologi se his    
juvari et juvare illaesis moribus       
volunt8  #ddbi4 ,hist4 lib4 #ab4 cap4   
#cd4  #ddcj4 ,praefat4 quid             
quadragenario convenit cum amore8 ,ego  
vero agnosco amatorium scriptum mihi non
 convenire3 qui jam meridiem            
praetergressus in vesperem feror4       
,aeneas ,sylvius praefat4  #ddca4 ,ut   
severiora studia iis amaenitatibus      
lector condire possit4 ,accius4  #ddcb4 
,discum quam philosophum audire malunt4 
#ddcc4 ,in ,som4 ,sip4 e sacrario suo   
tum ad cunas nutricum sapientes         
eliminarunt1 solas aurium delitias      
profitentes4  #ddcd4 ,babylonius et     

,ephesius1 qui de ,amore scripserunt1   
uterque amores ,myrrhae1 ,cyrenes1 et   
,adonidis4 ,suidas4  #ddce4 ,pet4       
,aretine dial4 ,ital4  #ddcf4 ,hor4 ,he 
has accomplished every point who has    
joined the useful to the agreeable4     
#ddcg4 ,legendi cupidiores1 quam ego    
scribendi1 saith ,lucian4  #ddch4 ,plus 
capio voluptatis inde1 quam spectandis  
in theatro ludis4  #ddci4 ,prooemio in  
,isaim4 ,multo major pars ,milesias     
fabulas revolventium quam ,platonis     
libros4  #dddj4 ,this he took to be his 
only business1 that the plays which he  
wrote should please the people4  #ddda4 
,in vita philosophus1 in ,epigram1      
amator1 in ,epistolis petulanus1 in     
praeceptis severus4  #dddb4 ,the poet   
himself should be chaste and pious1 but 
his verses need not imitate him in these
 respects2 they may therefore contain   
wit and humour4  #dddc4 ,this that ,i   
write depends sometimes upon the opinion
 and authority of others3 nor perhaps am
 ,i frantic1 ,i only follow madmen3 ,but

 thus far ,i may be deranged3 we have   
all been so at some one time1 and       
yourself1 ,i think1 art sometimes       
insane1 and this man1 and that man1 and 
,i also4  #dddd4 ,i am mortal1 and think
 no humane action unsuited to me4       
#ddde4 ,mart4  #dddf4 ,ovid4  #dddg4    
,isago4 ad sac4 scrip4 cap4 #ac4  #dddh4
 ,barthius notis in ,coelestinam1 ludum 
,hisp4  #dddi4 ,ficinus ,comment4 c4    
#ag4 ,amore incensi inveniendi amoris1  
aniorem quaesivimus et invenimus4       
#ddej4 ,author ,coelestinae ,barth4     
interprete4 ,that1 overcome by the      
solicitations of friends1 who requested 
me to enlarge and improve my volumes1 ,i
 have devoted my otherwise reluctant    
mind to the labour2 and now for the     
sixth time have ,i taken up my pen1 and 
applied myself to literature very       
foreign indeed to my studies and        
professional occupations1 stealing a few
 hours from serious pursuits1 and       
devoting them1 as it were1 to           
recreation4  #ddea4 ,hor4 lib4 #a4 ,ode 

#cd4 ,i am compelled to reverse my      
sails1 and retrace my former course4    
#ddeb4 ,although ,i was by no means     
ignorant that new calumniators would not
 be wanting to censure my new           
introductions4  #ddec4 ,haec praedixi ne
 quis temere nos putaret scripsisse de  
amorum lenociniis1 de praxi1            
fornicationibus1 adulteriis1 c4  #dded4 
,taxando et ab his deterrendo humanam   
lasciviam et insaniam1 sed et remedia   
docendo3 non igitur candidus lector     
nobis succenseat1 c4 ,commonitio erit   
juvenibus haec1 hisce ut abstineant     
magis1 et omissa lascivia quae homines  
reddit insanos1 virtutis incumbant      
studiis 7,aeneas ,sylv47 et curam amoris
 si quis nescit hinc poterit scire4     
#ddee4 ,martianus ,capella lib4 #a4 de  
nupt4 philol4 virginali suffusa rubore  
oculos peplo obnubens1 c4  #ddef4       
,catullus4 ,what ,i tell you1 do you    
tell to the multitude1 and make this    
treatise gossip like an old woman4      
#ddeg4 ,viros nudos castae feminae nihil

 a statuis distare4  #ddeh4 ,hony soit  
qui mal y pense4  #ddei4 ,praef4 ,suid4 
#ddfj4 ,o ,arethusa smile on this my    
last labour4  #ddfa4 ,exerc4 #cja4      
,campus amoris maximus et spinis        
obsitus1 nec levissimo pede             
transvolandus4  #ddfb4 ,grad4 #a4 cap4  
#bi4 ,ex ,platone1 primae et            
communissimae perturbationes ex quibus  
ceterae oriuntur et earum sunt          
pedissequae4  #ddfc4 ,amor est          
voluntarius affectus et desiderium re   
bona fruendi4  #ddfd4 ,desiderium       
optantis1 amor eorum quibus fruimur2    
amoris principium1 desiderii finis1     
amatum adest4  #ddfe4 ,principio l4 de  
amore4 ,operae pretium est de amore     
considerare1 utrum ,deus1 an ,daemon1 an
 passio quaedam animae1 an partim ,deus1
 partim ,daemon1 passio partim1 c4 ,amor
 est aetus animi bonum desiderans4      
#ddff4 ,magnus ,daemon convivio4  #ddfg4
 ,boni pulchrique fruendi desiderium4   
#ddfh4 ,godefridus1 l4 #a4 cap4 #b ,amor
 est delectatio cordis1 alicujus ad     

aliquid1 propter aliquod desiderium in  
appertendo1 et gaudium perfruendo per   
desiderium currens1 requiescens per     
gaudium4  #ddfi4 ,non est amor          
desiderium aut appetitus ut ab omnibus  
hactenus traditim2 nam cum potimur amata
 re1 non manet appetitus2 est igitur    
affectus quo cum re amata aut unimur1   
aut unionem perpetuamus4  #ddgj4 ,omnia 
appetunt bonum4  #ddga4 ,terram non vis 
malam1 malam segetem1 sed bonam arborem1
 equum bonum1 c4  #ddgb4 ,nemo amore    
capitur nisi qui fuerit ante forma      
specieque delectatus4  #ddgc4 ,amabile  
objectum amoris et scopus1 cujus adeptio
 est finis1 cujus gratia amamus4 ,animus
 enim aspirat ut eo fruator1 et formam  
boni habet et praecipue videtur et      
placet4 ,picolomineus1 grad4 #g4 cap4   
#b4 et grad4 #h4 cap4 #ce4  #ddgd4      
,forma est vitalis fulgor ex ipso bono  
manans per ideas1 semina1 rationes1     
umbras effusus1 animos excitans ut per  
bonum in unum redigantur4  #ddge4       
,pulchritudo est perfectio compositi ex 

congruente ordine1 mensura et ratione   
partium consurgens1 et venustas inde    
prodiens gratia dicitur et res omnes    
pulchrae gratiosae4  #ddgf4 ,gratia et  
pulchritudo ita suaviter animos         
demulcent1 ita vehementer alluciunt1 et 
admirabiliter connectuntur1 ut in inum  
confundant et distingui non possunt et  
sunt tanquam radii et splendores divini 
solis in rebus variis vario modo        
fulgentes4  #ddgg4 ,species             
pulchrituninis hauriuntur oculis1       
auribus1 aut concipiuntur interna mente4
  #ddgh4 ,nihil hine magis animos       
conciliat quam musica1 pulchrae1 aedes1 
c4  #ddgi4 ,in reliquis sensibus        
voluptas1 in his pulchritudo et gratia4 
#ddhj4 ,lib4 #d4 de divinis4 ,convivio  
,platonis4  #ddha4 ,duae ,veneres duo   
amores2 quarum una antiquior et sine    
matre1 coelo nata1 quam coelestem       
,venerem nuncupamus2 altera vero junior 
a ,jove et ,dione prognata1 quam        
vulgarem ,venerem vocamus4  #ddhb4      
,alter ad superna erigit1 alter deprimit

 ad inferna4  #ddhc4 ,alter excitat     
hominem ad divinam pulchritudinem       
lustrandam1 cujus causa philosophiae    
studia et justitiae1 c4  #ddhd4 ,omnis  
creatura cum bona sit1 et bene amari    
potest et male4  #ddhe4 ,duas civitates 
duo faciunt amores2 ,jerusalem facit    
amor ,dei1 ,babylonem amor saeculi2     
unusquisque se quid amet interroget1 et 
inveniet unde sit civis4  #ddhf4 ,alter 
mari ortus1 ferox1 varius1 fluctuans1   
inanis1 juvenum1 mare referens1 c4      
,alter aurea catena coelo demissa bonum 
furorem mentibus mittens1 c4  #ddhg4    
,tria sunt1 quae amari a nobis bene vel 
male possunt2 ,deus1 proximus1 mundus2  
,deus supra nos2 juxta nos proximus2    
infra nos mundus4 ,tria ,deus1 duo      
proximus1 unum mundus habet1 c4  #ddhh4 
,ne confundam vesanos et foedos amores  
beatis1 sceleratum cum puro divino et   
vero1 c4  #ddhi4 ,fonseca cap4 #a4 ,amor
 ex ,augustini forsan lib4 #aa4 de      
,civit4 ,dei4 ,amore inconcussus stat   
mundus1 c4  #ddij4 ,alciat4  #ddia4     

,porta ,vitis laurum non amat1 nec ejus 
odorem2 si prope crescat1 enecat4       
,lappus lenti adversatur4  #ddib4       
,sympathia olei et myrti ramorum et     
radicum se complectentium4 ,mizaldus    
secret4 cent4 l4 #dg4  #ddic4           
,theocritus4 eidyll4 #i4  #ddid4        
,mantuan4  #ddie4 ,charitas munifica1   
qua mercamur de ,deo regnum ,dei4       
#ddif4 ,polanus partit4 ,zanchius de    
natura ,dei1 c4 #c4 copiose de hoc amore
 ,dei agit4  #ddig4 ,nich4 ,bellus1     
discurs4 #bh4 de amatoribus1 virtutem   
provocat1 conservat pacem in terra1     
tranquillitatem in aere1 ventis         
laetitiam1 c4  #ddih4 ,camerarius ,emb4 
#ajj4 cen4 #b4  #ddii4 ,dial4 #c4       
#dejj4 ,juven4  #deja4 ,gen4 #a4  #dejb4
 ,caussinus4  #dejc4 ,theodoret e       
,plotino4  #dejd4 ,where charity        
prevails1 sweet desire1 joy1 and love   
towards ,god are also present4  #deje4  
,affectus nunc appetitivae potentiae1   
nunc rationalis1 alter cerebro residet1 
alter hepate1 corde1 c4  #dejf4 ,cor    

varie inclinatur1 nunc gaudens1 nunc    
moerens2 statim ex timore nascitur      
,zelotypia1 furor1 spes1 desperatio4    
#dejg4 ,ad utile sanitas refertur2      
utilium est ambitio1 cupido desiderium  
potius quam amor excessus avaritia4     
#dejh4 ,picolom4 grad4 #g4 cap4 #a4     
#deji4 ,lib4 de amicit4 utile mundanum1 
carnale jucundum1 spirituale honestum4  
#deaj4 ,ex4 singulis tribus fit charitas
 et amicitia1 quae respicit deum et     
proximum4  #deaa4 ,benefactores         
praecipue amamus4 ,vives #c4 de anima4  
#deab4 ,jos4 #g4  #deac4 ,petronius     
,arbiter4  #dead4 ,juvenalis4  #deae4   
,job4 ,second1 lib4 sylvarum4  #deaf4   
,lucianus ,timon4  #deag4 ,pers4  #deah4
 bust of a beautiful woman with the tail
 of a fish4  #deai4 ,part4 #a4 sec4 #b4 
memb4 sub4 #ab4  #debj4 #a ,tim4 i4 #h4 
#deba4 ,lips1 epist4 ,camdeno4  #debb4  
,leland of ,st4 ,edmondsbury4  #debc4   
,coelum serenum1 coelum visum foedum4   
,polid4 lib4 #a4 de ,anglia4  #debd4    
,credo equidem vivos ducent e marmore   

vultus4  #debe4 ,max4 ,tyrius1 ser4 #i4 
#debf4 ,part #a4 sec4 #b4 memb4 #c4     
#debg4 ,mart4  #debh4 ,omnif4 mag4 lib4 
#ab4 cap4 #c4  #debi4 ,de sale geniali1 
l4 #c4 c4 #ae4  #decj4 ,theod4          
,prodromus1 amor4 lib4 #c4  #deca4      
,similitudo morum parit amicitiam4      
#decb4 ,vives #c4 de anima4  #decc4 ,qui
 simul fecere naufragium1 aut una       
pertulere vincula vel consilii          
conjurationisve societate junguntur1    
invicem amant3 ,brutum et ,cassium      
invicem infensos ,caesarianus dominatus 
conciliavit4 ,aemilius ,lepidus et      
,julius ,flaccus1 quum essent           
inimicissimi1 censores renunciati       
simultates illico deposuere4 ,scultet4  
cap4 #d4 de causa amor4  #decd4         
,papinius4  #dece4 ,isocrates demonico  
praecipit ut quum alicujus amicitiam    
vellet illum laudet1 quod laus initium  
amoris sit1 vituperatio simultatum4     
#decf4 ,suspect1 lect4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #b4
  #decg4 ,the priest of wisdom1         
perpetual dictator1 ornament of         

literature1 wonder of ,europe4  #dech4  
,oh incredible excellence of genius1 c41
 more comparable to gods' than man's1 in
 every respect1 we venerate your        
writings on bended knees1 as we do the  
shield that fell from heaven4  #deci4   
,isa4 xlix4  #dedj4 ,rara est concordia 
fratrum4  #deda4 ,grad4 #a4 cap4 #bb4   
#dedb4 ,vives #c4 de anima1 ut paleam   
succinum sic formam amor trahit4  #dedc4
 ,sect4 seq4  #dedd4 ,nihil divinius    
homine probo4  #dede4 ,james iii4 #aj4  
#dedf4 ,gratior est pulchro veniens e   
corpore virtus4  #dedg4 ,oral4 #ah4     
deformes plerumque philosophi ad id quod
 in aspectum cadit ea parte elegantes   
quae oculos fugit4  #dedh4 #dc de       
consol4  #dedi4 ,causa ei paupertatis1  
philosophia1 sicut plerisque probitas   
fuit4  #deej4 ,ablue corpus et cape     
regis animum1 et in eam fortunam qua    
dignus es continentiam istam profer4    
#deea4 ,vita ejus4  #deeb4 ,qui prae    
divitiis humana spernunt1 nec virtuti   
locum putant nisi opes affluant4 ,q4    

,cincinnatus consensu patrum in         
dictatorem ,romanum electus4  #deec4    
,curtius4  #deed4 ,edgar ,etheling1     
,england's darling4  #deee4 ,morum      
suavitas1 obvia comitas1 prompta officia
 mortalium animos demerentur4  #deef4   
,epist4 lib4 #h4 ,semper amavi ut tu    
scis1 ,m4 ,brutum propter ejus summum   
ingenium1 suavissimos mores1 singularem 
probitatem et constantiam3 nihil est1   
mihi crede1 virtute formosius1 nihil    
amabilius4  #deeg4 ,ardentes amores     
excitaret1 si simulacrum ejus ad oculos 
penetraret4 ,plato ,phaedone4  #deeh4   
,epist4 lib4 #d4 ,validissime diligo    
virum rectum1 disertum1 quod apud me    
potentissimum est4  #deei4 ,est quaedam 
pulchritudo justitiae quam videmus      
oculis cordis1 amamus1 et exardescimus1 
ut in martyribus1 quum eorum membra     
bestiae lacerarent1 etsi alias deformes1
 c4  #defj4 ,lipsius manuduc4 ad ,phys4 
,stoic4 lib4 #c4 diff4 #ag1 solus       
sapiens pulcher4  #defa4 ,fortitudo et  
prudentia pulchritudinis laudem         

praecipue merentur4  #defb4 ,franc4     
,belforist4 in hist4 an4 #adcj4  #defc4 
,erat autem foede deformis1 et ea forma1
 qua citius pueri terreri possent1 quam 
invitari ad osculum puellae4  #defd4    
,deformis iste etsi videatur senex1     
divinum animum habet4  #defe4 ,fulgebat 
vultu suo3 fulgor et divina majestas    
homines ad se trahens4  #deff4 ,she     
excelled all others in beauty4  #defg4  
,praefat4 bib4 vulgar4  #defh4 ,pars    
inscrip4 ,tit4 ,livii statuae ,patavii4 
#defi4 ,a true love's knot4  #degj4     
,stobaeus e ,graeco4  #dega4 ,solinus1  
pulchri nulla est facies4  #degb4 ,o    
dulcissimi laquei1 qui tam feliciter    
devinciunt1 ut etiam a vinctis          
diligantur1 qui a gratiis vincti sunt1  
cupiunt arctius deligari et in unum     
redigi4  #degc4 ,statius4  #degd4 ,he   
loved him as he loved his own soul1 #a  
,sam4 xv4 #a4 ,beyond the love of women4
  #dege4 ,virg4 #i4 ,aen4 ,qui super    
exanimem sese conjecit amicum confessus4
  #degf4 ,amicus animae dimidium1       

,austin1 confess4 #d4 cap4 #f4 ,quod de 
,virgilio ,horatius1 et serves animae   
dimidium meae4  #degg4 ,plinius4  #degh4
 ,illum argento et auro1 illum ebore1   
marmore effingit1 et nuper ingenti      
adhibito auditorio ingentem de vita ejus
 librum recitavit4 epist4 lib4 #d4      
epist4 #fh4  #degi4 ,lib4 iv4 ep4 #fa4  
,prisco suo2 ,dedit mihi quantum potuit 
maximum1 daturas amplius si potuisset4  
,tametsi quid homini dari potest majus  
quum gloria1 laus1 et aeternitas8 ,at   
non erunt fortasse quae scripsit4 ,ille 
tamen scripsit tanquam essent futura4   
#dehj4 ,for4 genus irritabile vatum4    
#deha4 ,lib4 #ac de ,legibus4 ,magnam   
enim vim habent1 c4  #dehb4 ,peri tamen 
studio et pietate conscribendae vitae   
ejus munus suscepi1 et postquam         
sumptuosa condere pro fortuna non       
licuit1 exiguo sed eo forte liberalis   
ingenii monumento justa sanctissimo     
cineri solventur4  #dehc4 #a ,sam4 xxv4 
#c4  #dehd4 ,esther1 iii4 #b4  #dehe4   
,amm4 ,marcellinus1 l4 #ad4  #dehf4 ,ut 

mundus duobus polis sustentatur3 ita lex
 ,dei1 amore ,dei et proximi2 duobus his
 fundamentis vincitur2 machina mundi    
corruit1 si una de polis turbatur2 lex  
perit divina si una ex his4  #dehg4 #h  
et #i libro4  #dehh4 ,ter4 ,adelph4 #d1 
#e4  #dehi4 ,de amicit4  #deij4         
,charitas parentum dilui nisi           
detestabili scelere non potest1 lapidum 
fornicibus simillima1 casura1 nisi se   
invicem sustentaret4 ,seneca4  #deia4   
,it is sweet to die for one's country4  
#deib4 ,dii immortales1 dici non potest 
quantum charitatis nomen illud habet4   
#deic4 ,ovid4 ,fast4  #deid4 ,anno      
#acdg4 ,jacob ,mayer4 ,annal4 ,fland4   
lib4 #ab4  #deie4 ,tally4  #deif4       
,lucianus ,toxari4 ,amicitia ut sol in  
mundo1 c4  #deig4 ,vit4 ,pompon4        
,attici4  #deih4 ,spencer1 ,faerie      
,queene1 lib4 #e4 cant4 #i4 staff4 #a1  
#b4  #deii4 ,siracides4  #dfjj4         
,plutarch1 preciosum numisma4  #dfja4   
,xenophon1 verus amicus praestantissima 
possessio4  #dfjb4 ,epist4 #eb4  #dfjc4 

,greg4 ,per amorem ,dei1 proximi        
gignitur2 et per hunc amorem proximi1   
,dei nutritur4  #dfjd4 ,picolomineus1   
grad4 #g4 cap4 #bg4 hoc felici amoris   
nodo ligantur familiae civitates1 c4    
#dfje4 ,veras absolutas haec parit      
virtutes1 radix omnium virtutum1 mens et
 spiritus4  #dfjf4 ,divino calore animos
 incendit1 incensos purgat1 purgatos    
elevat ad ,deum1 ,deum placat1 hominem  
,deo conciliat4 ,bernard4  #dfjg4 ,ille 
inficit1 hic perficit1 ille deprimit1   
hic elevat2 hic tranquillitatem ille    
curas parit3 hic vitam recte informat1  
ille deformat c4  #dfjh4 ,boethius1 lib4
 #b4 met4 #h4  #dfji4 ,deliquium patitur
 charitas1 odium ejus loco succedit4    
,basil4 #a4 ser4 de instit4 mon4  #dfaj4
 ,nodum in scirpo quaerentes4  #dfaa4   
,hircanaeque admorunt ubera tigres4     
#dfab4 ,heraclitus4  #dfac4 ,si in      
gehennam abit1 pauperem qui non alat3   
quid de eo fiet qui pauperem denudat8   
,austin4  #dfad4 ,jovius1 vita ejus4    
#dfae4 ,immortalitatem beneficio        

literarum1 immortali gloriosa quadam    
cupiditate concupivit4 ,quod cives      
quibus benefecisset perituri1 moenia    
ruitura1 etsi regio sumptu aedificata1  
non libri4  #dfaf4 ,plutarch1 ,pericle4 
#dfag4 ,tullius1 lib4 #a4 de legibus4   
#dfah4 ,gen4 xxxv4 #h4  #dfai4 ,hor4    
#dfbj4 ,durum genus sumus4  #dfba4 ,the 
sister of justice1 honour inviolate1 and
 naked truth4  #dfbb4 ,tull4 pro ,rose4 
,mentiri vis causa mea8 ego vero cupide 
et libenter mentiar tua causa2 et si    
quando me vis perjurare1 ut paululum tu 
compendii facias1 paratum fore scito4   
#dfbc4 ,gallienus in ,treb4 ,pollio     
lacera1 occide1 mea mente irascere4     
,rabie jecur incendente feruntur        
praecipites1 ,vopiscus of ,aurelian4    
,tantum fudit sanguinis quantum quis    
vini potavit4  #dfbd4 ,evangelii tubam  
belli tubam faciunt2 in pulpitis pacem1 
in colloquiis bellum suadent4  #dfbe4   
,psal4 xiii4 #a4  #dfbf4 ,de bello      
,judaico1 lib4 #f4 c4 #af4 ,puto si     
,romani contra hos venire tardassent1   

aut hiatu terrae devorandam fuisse      
civitatem1 aut diluvio perituram1 aut   
fulmina ac ,sodoma cum incendio         
passuram1 ob desperatum populi1 c4      
#dfbg4 ,benefacit animae suae vir       
misericors4  #dfbh4 ,concordia magnae   
res crescunt1 discordia maximae         
dilabuntur4  #dfbi4 ,lipsius4  #dfcj4   
,memb4 #a4 ,subs4 #b4  #dfca4 ,amor et  
amicitia4  #dfcb4 ,phaedrus orat4 in    
laudem amoris ,platonis convivio4       
#dfcc4 ,vide ,boccas4 de ,genial deorum4
  #dfcd4 ,see the moral in ,plut4 of    
that fiction4  #dfce4 ,affluentiae      
,deus4  #dfcf4 ,cap4 #g4 ,comment4 in   
,plat4 convivium4  #dfcg4 ,see more in  
,valesius1 lib4 #c4 cont4 med4 et cont4 
#ac4  #dfch4 ,vives #c4 de anima2 oramus
 te ut tuis artibus et caminis nos      
refingas1 et ex duobus unum facias2 quod
 et fecit1 et exinde amatores unum sunt 
et unum esse petunt4  #dfci4 ,see more  
in ,natalis ,comes ,imag4 ,deorum       
,philostratus de ,imaginibus4 ,litius   
,giraldus ,syntag4 de diis4 ,phornutus1 

c4  #dfdj4 ,juvenis pingitur quod amore 
plerumque juvenes capiuntur2 sic et     
mollis1 formosus1 nudus1 quod simplex et
 apertus hic affectus2 ridet quod       
oblectamentum prae se ferat1 cum        
pharetra1 c4  #dfda4 ,a petty ,pope     
claves habet superorum et inferorum1 as 
,orpheus1 c4  #dfdb4 ,lib4 #ac4 cap4 #e4
 ,dypnoso4  #dfdc4 ,regnat et in superos
 jus habet ille deos4 ,ovid4  #dfdd4    
,plautus4  #dfde4 ,selden pro leg4 #c4  
cap4 de diis ,syris4  #dfdf4 ,dial4 #c4 
#dfdg4 ,a concilia ,deorum rejectus et  
ad majorem ejus ignominiam1 c4  #dfdh4  
,fulmine concitatior4  #dfdi4           
,sophocles4  #dfej4 ,he divides the     
empire of the sea with ,thetis1--of the 
,shades1 with ,aeacus1--of the ,heaven1 
with ,jove4  #dfea4 ,tom4 #d4  #dfeb4   
,dial4 deorum1 tom4 #c4  #dfec4 ,quippe 
matrem ipsius quibus modis me afficit1  
nunc in ,idam adigens ,anchisae causa1  
c4  #dfed4 ,jampridem et plagas ipsi in 
nates incussi sandalio4  #dfee4         
,altopilus1 fol4 #gi4  #dfef4 ,nullis   

amor est medicabilis herbis4  #dfeg4    
,plutarch in ,amatorio4 ,dictator quo   
creato cessant reliqui magistratus4     
#dfeh4 ,claadian4 descript4 vener4      
aulae4 ,trees are influenced by love1   
and every flourishing tree in turn feels
 the passion3 palms nod mutual vows1    
poplar sighs to poplar1 plane to plane1 
and alder breathes to alder4  #dfei4    
,neque prius in iis desiderium cessat   
dum dejectus consoletur2 videre enim est
 ipsam arborem incurvatam1 ultro ramis  
ab utrisque vicissim ad osculum         
exporrectis4 ,manifesta dant mutui      
desiderii signa4  #dffj4 ,multas palmas 
contingens quae simul crescant1         
rursusque ad amantem regrediens1 eamque 
manu attingens1 quasi osculum mutuo     
ministrare videtur1 et expediti         
concubitus gratiam facit4  #dffa4 ,quam 
vero ipsa desideret affectu ramorum     
significat1 et adullam respicit2        
amantur1 c4  #dffb4 ,virg4 #c4 ,georg4  
#dffc4 ,propertius4  #dffd4 ,dial4      
deorum4 ,confide mater1 leonibus ipsis  

familiaris jam factus sum1 et saepe     
conscendi eorum terga et apprehendi     
jubas2 equorum more insidens eos agito1 
et illi mihi caudis adblandiuntur4      
#dffe4 ,leones prae amore furunt1 ,plin4
 l4 #h4 c4 #af4 ,arist4 l4 #f4 hist4    
animal4  #dfff4 ,cap4 #ag4 of his book  
of hunting4  #dffg4 ,lucretius4  #dffh4 
,de sale lib4 #a4 c4 #ba4 ,pisces ob    
amorem marcescunt1 pallescunt1 c4       
#dffi4 ,hauriendae aquae causa venientes
 ex insidiis a ,tritone comprehensae1 c4
  #dfgj4 ,plin4 l4 #aj4 c4 #e quumque   
aborta tempestate periisset ,hernias in 
sicco piscis expiravit4  #dfga4         
,postquam puer morbo abiit1 et ipse     
delphinus periit4  #dfgb4 ,pleni sunt   
libri quibus ferae in homines           
inflammatae fuerunt1 in quibus ego      
quidem semper assensum sustinui1 veritus
 ne fabulosa crederem2 ,donec vidi      
lyncem quem habui ab ,assyria1 sic      
affectum erga unum de meis hominibus1 c4
  #dfgc4 ,desiderium suum testatus post 
inediam aliquot dierum interiit4  #dfgd4

 ,orpheus hymno ,ven4 ,venus keeps the  
keys of the air1 earth1 sea1 and she    
alone retains the command of all4       
#dfge4 ,qui haec in artrae bilis aut    
,imaginationis vim referre conati sunt1 
nihil faciunt4  #dfgf4 ,cantantem audies
 et vinum bibes1 quale antea nunquam    
bibisti2 te rivalis turbabit nullus2    
pulchra autem pulchro autem pulchro     
contente vivam1 et moriar4  #dfgg4      
,multi factum hoc cognovere1 quod in    
media ,graecia gestum sit4  #dfgh4 ,rem 
curans domesticam1 ut ante1 peperit     
aliquot liberos1 semper tamen tristis et
 pallida4  #dfgi4 ,haec audivi a multis 
fide dignis qui asseverabant ducem      
,bavariae eadem retulisse ,duci         
,saxoniae pro veris4  #dfhj4 ,fabula    
,damarati et ,aristonis in ,herodoto    
lib4 #f4 ,erato4  #dfha4 ,interpret4    
,mersio4  #dfhb4 ,deus ,angelos misit ad
 tutelam cultumque generis humani2 sed  
illos cum hominibus commorantes1        
dominator ille terrae salacissimus      
paulatim ad vitia pellexit1 et mulierum 

congressibus inquinavit4  #dfhc4 ,quidam
 ex illo capti sunt amore virginum1 et  
libidine victi defecerunt1 ex quibus    
gigantes qui vocantur1 nati sunt4       
#dfhd4 ,pererius in ,gen4 lib4 #h4 c4   
#f4 ver4 #a4 ,zanc4 c4  #dfhe4 ,purchas 
,hack posth4 par4 #a4 lib4 #d4 ,cap4 #a4
 ,s4 #g4  #dfhf4 ,in ,clio4  #dfhg4     
,deus ipse hoc cubili requiescens4      
#dfhh4 ,physiologiae ,stoicorum l4 #a4  
cap4 #bj4 ,si spiritus unde semen iis1  
c4 at exempla turbant nos2 mulierum     
quotidianae confessiones de mistione    
omnes asserunt1 et sunt in hac urbe     
,loviano exempla4  #dfhi4 ,unum dixero1 
non opinari me ullo retro aevo tantam   
copiam ,satyrorum1 et salacium istorum  
,geniorum se ostendisse1 quantum nunc   
quotidianae narrationes1 et judiciales  
sententiae proferunt4  #dfij4 ,virg4    
#dfia4 ,for it is a shame to speak of   
those things which are done of them in  
secret1 ,eph4 v4 #ab4  #dfib4 ,plutarch1
 amator lib4  #dfic4 ,lib4 #ac4  #dfid4 
,rom4 i4 #bg4  #dfie4 ,lilius ,giraldus1

 vita ejus4  #dfif4 ,pueros amare solis 
,philosophis relinquendum vult ,lucianus
 dial4 ,amorum4  #dfig4 ,busbequius4    
#dfih4 ,achilles ,tatius lib4 #b4       
#dfii4 ,lucianus ,charidemo4  #dgjj4    
,non est haec mentula demens4 ,mart4    
#dgja4 ,jovius ,musc4  #dgjb4 ,praefat4 
lectori lib4 de vitis pontif4  #dgjc4   
,mercurialis cap4 de ,priapismo4        
,coelius l4 #aa4 antic4 lect4 cap4 #ad4 
,galenis #f4 de locis aff4  #dgjd4 ,de  
morb4 mulier4 lib4 ,i4 c4 #ae4  #dgje4  
,herodotus l4 #b4 ,euterpae3 uxores     
insignium virorum non statim vita       
functas tradunt condendas1 ac ne eas    
quidem foeminas quae formosae sunt1 sed 
quatriduo ante defunctas1 ne cum iis    
salinarii concumbant1 c4  #dgjf4 ,metam4
 #ac4  #dgjg4 ,seneca de ira1 l4 #aa4 c4
 #ah4  #dgjh4 ,nullus est meatus ad quem
 non pateat aditus impudicitiae4 ,clem  
,alex4 paedag1 lib4 #c4 c #c4  #dgji4   
,seneca #a4 nat4 quaest4  #dgaj4 ,tom4  
,p4 ,gryllo4  #dgaa4 ,de morbis mulierum
 l4 #a4 c4 #ae4  #dgab4 ,amphitheat4    

amore4 cap4 #d4 interpret4 ,curtio4     
#dgac4 ,aeneas ,sylvius ,juvenal4 ,and  
he who has not felt the influence of    
love is either a stone or a beast4      
#dgad4 ,tertul4 prover4 lib4  #dgae4    
,one whom no maiden's beauty has ever   
affected4  #dgaf4 ,chaucer4  #dgag4     
,tom4 #a4 dial4 deorum ,lucianus4 ,amore
 non ardent ,musae4  #dgah4 ,as matter  
seeks form1 so woman turns towards man4 
#dgai4 ,in amator4 dialog4  #dgbj4 ,hor4
  #dgba4 ,lucretius4  #dgbb4 ,fonseca4  
#dgbc4 ,hor4  #dgbd4 ,propert4  #dgbe4  
,simonides1 graec4 ,she grows old in    
love and in years together4  #dgbf4     
,ausonius4  #dgbg4 ,geryon amicitae     
symbolum4  #dgbh4 ,propert4 l4 #b4      
#dgbi4 ,plutarch4 c4 #cj4 ,rom4 ,hist4  
#dgcj4 ,junonem habeam iratam1 si unquam
 meminerim me virginem fuisse4 ,infans  
enim paribus inquinata sum1 et subinde  
majoribus me applicui1 donec ad aetatem 
perveni2 ut ,milo vitulum1 c4  #dgca4   
,parnodidasc4 dial4 lat4 interp4 ,casp4 
,barthio ex ,ital4  #dgcb4 ,angelico    

scriptur concentu4  #dgcc4 ,epictetus c4
 #db4 mulieres statim ab anno #ad4      
movere incipiunt1 c4 attrectari se      
sinunt et exponunt4 ,levinu ,lemnius4   
#dgcd4 ,lib4 #c4 fol4 #abf4  #dgce4     
,catullus4  #dgcf4 ,whithersoever       
enraged you fly there is no escape4     
,although you reach the ,tanais1 love   
will still pursue you4  #dgcg4 ,de      
mulierum inexhausta libidine luxuque    
insatiabili omnes aeque regiones        
conqueri posse existimo4 ,steph4  #dgch4
 ,what have lust and unrestrained desire
 left chaste or enviolate upon earth8   
#dgci4 ,plautus4  #dgdj4 ,oculi         
caligant1 aures graviter audiunt1       
capilli fluunt1 cutis arescit1 flatus   
olet1 tussis1 c4 ,cyprian4  #dgda4 ,lib4
 #h4 ,epist4 ,ruffinus4  #dgdb4 ,hiatque
 turpis inter aridas nates podex4       
#dgdc4 ,cadaverosa adeo ut ab inferis   
reversa videri possit1 vult adhuc       
catullire4  #dgdd4 ,nam et matrimoniis  
est despectum senium4 ,aeneas ,silvius4 
#dgde4 ,quid toto terrarum orbe         

communius8 quae civitas1 quod oppidum1  
quae familia vacat amatorum exemplis8   
,aeneas ,silvius4 ,quis trigesimum annum
 natus nullum amoris causa peregit      
insigne facinus8 ego de me facio        
conjecturam1 quem amor in mille pericula
 misit4  #dgdf4 ,forestus4 ,plato4      
#dgdg4 ,pract4 major4 ,tract4 #f4 cap4  
#a4 ,rub4 #aa4 de aegrit4 cap4 quod his 
multum contingat4  #dgdh4 ,haec         
aegritudo est solicitudo melancholica in
 qua homo applicat sibi continuam       
cogitationem super pulchritudine ipsius 
quam amat1 gestuum morum4  #dgdi4 ,animi
 forte accidens quo quis rem habere     
nimia aviditate concupiscit1 ut ludos   
venatores1 aurum et opes avari4  #dgej4 
,assidua cogitatio super rem            
desideratum1 cum confidentia obtinendi1 
ut spe apprehensum delectabile1 c4      
#dgea4 ,morbus corporis potius quam     
animi4  #dgeb4 ,amor est passio         
melancholica4  #dgec4 ,ob calefactionem 
spirituum pars anterior capitis laborat 
ob consumptionem humiditatis4  #dged4   

,affectus animi concupiscibilis e       
desiderio rei amatae per oculus in mente
 concepto1 spiritus in corde et jecore  
incendens4  #dgee4 ,odyss4 et ,metamor4 
#d4 ,ovid4  #dgef4 ,quod talem          
carnificinam in adolescentum visceribus 
amor faciat inexplebilis4  #dgeg4       
,testiculi quoad causam conjunctam1 epar
 antecedentem1 possunt esse subjectum4  
#dgeh4 ,proprie passio cerebri est ob   
corruptam imaginationem4  #dgei4 ,cap4  
de affectibus4  #dgfj4 ,est corruptio   
imaginativae et aestimativae facultatis1
 ob formam fortiter affixam1            
corruptumque judicium1 ut semper de eo  
cogitet1 ideoque recte melancholicus    
appellatur4 ,concupiscentia vehemens ex 
corrupto judicio aestimativae virtutis4 
#dgfa4 ,comment4 in convivium ,platonis4
 ,irretiuntur cito quibus nascentibus   
,venus fuerit in ,leone1 vel ,luna      
venerem vehementer aspexerit1 et qui    
eadem complexione sunt praediti4  #dgfb4
 ,plerumque amatores sunt1 et si        
foeminae meretrices1 #a4 de audiend4    

#dgfc4 ,comment1 in ,genes1 cap4 #c4    
#dgfd4 ,et si in hoc parum a praeclara  
infamia stultitiaque abero1 vincit tamen
 amor veritatis4  #dgfe4 ,edit4 ,basil4 
#aeec4 ,cum ,commentar4 in ,ptolomaei   
quadripartitum4  #dgff4 ,fol4 #dde4     
,basil4 ,edit4  #dgfg4 ,dial1 amorum4   
#dgfh4 ,citius maris fluctus et nives   
coelo delabentes numeraris quam amores  
meos2 alii amores aliis succedunt1 ac   
priusquam desinant priores1 incipiunt   
sequentes4 ,adeo humidis oculis meus    
inhabitat ,asylus omnem formam ad se    
rapiens1 ut nulla satietate expleatur4  
,quaenam haec ira ,veneris1 c4  #dgfi4  
,num4 xxxii4  #dggj4 ,qui calidum       
testiculorum crisin habent1 c4  #dgga4  
,printed at ,paris #afbd1 seven years   
after my first edition4  #dggb4 ,ovid de
 art4  #dggc4 ,gerbelius1 descript4     
,graeciae4 ,rerum omnium affluentia et  
loci mira opportunitas1 nullo non die   
hospites in portas advertebant4 ,templo 
,veneris mille meretrices se            
prostituebant4  #dggd4 ,tota ,cypri     

insula delitiis incumbit1 et ob id      
tantum luxuriae dedita ut sit olim      
,veneri sacrata4 ,ortelius1 ,lampsacus1 
olim ,priapo sacer ob vinum generosum1  
et loci delicias4 ,idem4  #dgge4 ,agri  
,neapolitani delectatio1 elegantia1     
amoenitas1 vix intra modum humanum      
consistere videtur2 unde1 c4 ,leand1    
,alber4 in ,campania4  #dggf4 ,lib4 de  
laud4 urb4 ,neap4 ,disputat4 de morbis  
animi4 ,reinoldo ,interpret4  #dggg4    
,lampridius1 ,quod decem noctibus centum
 virgines fecisset mulieres4  #dggh4    
,vita ejus4  #dggi4 ,if they contain    
themselves1 many times it is not        
virtutis amore2 non deest voluntas sed  
facultas4  #dghj4 ,in ,muscov4  #dgha4  
,catullus ad ,lesbiam4  #dghb4 ,hor4    
#dghc4 ,polit4 #h4 num4 #bh4 ut naptha1 
ad ignem1 sic amor ad illos qui         
torpescunt ocio4  #dghd4 ,pausanias     
,attic1 lib4 #a4 ,cephalus egregiae     
formae juvenis ab aurora raptus quod    
ejus amore capta esset4  #dghe4 ,in     
amatorio4  #dghf4 ,e4 ,stobaeo ser4 #fb4

  #dghg4 ,amor otiosae cura est         
sollicitudinus4  #dghh4 ,principes      
plerumque ob licentiam et adfluentiam   
divitiarum istam passionem solent       
incurrere4  #dghi4 ,ardenter appetit qui
 otiosam vitam agit1 et communiter      
incurrit haec passio solitarios         
delitiose viventes1 incontinentes1      
religiosos1 c4  #dgij4 ,plutarch4 vit4  
ejus4  #dgia4 ,vina parant animos       
veneri4  #dgib4 ,sed nihil erucae       
faciunt bulbique salaces2 ,improba nec  
prosit jam satureia tibi4 ,ovid4  #dgic4
 ,petronius4  #dgid4 ,uti ille apud     
,skenkium1 qui post potionem1 uxorem et 
quatuor ancillas proximo cubiculo       
cubantes1 compressit4  #dgie4 ,pers4    
,sat4 #c4  #dgif4 ,siracides4 ,nox1 et  
amor vinumque nihil moderabile suadent4 
#dgig4 ,lip4 ad ,olympiam4  #dgih4      
,hymno4  #dgii4 ,hor4 l4 #c4 ,od4 #be4  
#dhjj4 ,de sale lib4 cap4 #ba4  #dhja4  
,kornmannus lib4 de virginitate4  #dhjb4
 ,garcias ab horto aromatum1 lib4 #a4   
cap4 #bh4  #dhjc4 ,surax radix ad coitum

 summe facit si quis comedat1 aut       
infusionem bibat1 membrum subito        
erigitur4 ,leo ,afer4 lib4 #i4 cap4 ult4
  #dhjd4 ,quae non solum edentibus sed  
et genitale tangentibus tantum valet1 ut
 coire summe desiderent2 quoties fere   
velint1 possint2 alios duodecies        
profecisse1 alios ad #fj vices          
pervenisse refert4  #dhje4 ,lucian4     
,tom4 #d4 ,dial4 amorum4  #dhjf4 ,sight1
 conference1 association1 kisses1 touch4
  #dhjg4 ,ea enim hominum intemperantium
 libido est ut etiam fama ad amandum    
impellantur1 et audientes aeque         
afficiuntur ac videntes4  #dhjh4        
,formosam ,sostrato filiam audiens1     
uxorem cupit1 et sola illius1 auditione 
ardet4  #dhji4 ,quoties de ,panthea     
,xenophontis locum perlego1 ita animo   
affectus ac si coram intuerer4  #dhaj4  
,pulchritudinem sibi ipsis configunt1   
,imagines4  #dhaa4 ,de aulico lib4 #b4  
fol4 #aaf4'tis a pleasant story1 and    
related at large by him4  #dhab4 ,gratia
 venit ab auditu aeque ac visu et       

species amoris in phantasiam recipiunt  
sola relatione4 ,picolomineus grad4 #h4 
c4 #ch4  #dhac4 ,lips4 cent4 #b4 epist4 
#bb4 ,beautie's ,encomions4  #dhad4     
,propert4  #dhae4 ,amoris primum gradum 
visus habet1 ut aspiciat rem amatam4    
#dhaf4 ,achilles ,tatius lib4 #a4 ,forma
 telo quovis acutior ad inferendum      
vulnus1 perque oculos amatorio vulneri  
aditum patefaciens in animum penetrat4  
#dhag4 ,in tota rerum natura nihil forma
 divinius1 nihil augustius1 nihil       
pretiosius1 cujus vires hinc facile     
intelliguntur1 c4  #dhah4 ,christ4      
,fonseca4  #dhai4 ,s4 ,l4  #dhbj4 ,bruys
 prob4 #aa4 de forma e ,lucianos4       
#dhba4 ,lib4 de calumnia4 ,formosi      
,calumninia vacant2 dolemus alios       
meliore loco positos1 fortunam nobis    
novercam illis1 c4  #dhbb4 ,invidemus   
sapientibus1 justis1 nisi beneficiis    
assidue amorem extorquent2 solos        
formosos amamus et primo velut aspectu  
benevolentia conjungimur1 et eos tanquam
 ,deos colimus1 libentius iis servimus  

quam aliis imperamus1 majoremque1 c4    
#dhbc4 ,formae majestatem ,barbari      
verentur1 nec alii majores quam quos    
eximia forma natura donata est1 ,herod1 
lib4 #e4 ,curtius ,g4 ,arist4 ,polit4   
#dhbd4 ,serm4 #fc4 ,plutarch1 vit4 ejus4
 ,brisonius ,strabo4  #dhbe4 ,virtue    
appears more gracefully in a lovely     
personage4  #dhbf4 ,lib4 #e4            
magnorumque2 operum non alios capaces   
putant quam quos eximia specie natura   
donavit4  #dhbg4 ,lib4 de vitis         
,pontificum4 ,rom4  #dhbh4 ,lib4 #b4    
cap4 #f4  #dhbi4 ,dial4 amorum4 c4 #b4  
de magia4 ,lib4 #b4 connub4 cap4 #bg4   
,virgo formosa et si oppido pauper1     
abunde est dotata4  #dhcj4 ,isocrates   
plures ob formam immortalitatem adepti  
sunt quam ob reliquas omnes virtutes4   
#dhca4 ,lucian ,tom4 #d4 ,charidaemon4  
,qui pulchri1 merito apud ,deos et apud 
homines honore affecti4 ,muta           
commentatio1 quavis epistola ad         
commendandum efficacior4  #dhcb4 ,lib4  
#i4 ,var4 hist1 tanta formae elegantia  

ut ab ea nuda1 c4  #dhcc4 ,esdras1 iv4  
#bi4  #dhcd4 ,origen hom4 #bc4 in ,numb4
 ,in ipsos tyrannos tyrannidem exercet4 
#dhce4 ,illud certe magnum ob quod      
gloriari possunt formosi1 quod robustis 
necessarium sit laborare1 fortem        
periculis se objicere1 sapientem1 c4    
#dhcf4 ,majorem vim habet ad            
commendandam forma1 quam accurate       
scripta epistola4 ,arist4  #dhcg4       
,heliodor4 lib4 ,i4  #dhch4 ,knowles4   
hist4 ,turcica4  #dhci4 ,daniel in      
complaint of ,rosamond4  #dhdj4 ,stroza 
filius ,epig4 ,the king of the gods on  
account of this beauty became a bull1 a 
shower1 a swan4  #dhda4 ,sect4 #b4 ,mem4
 #a4 ,sub4 #a4  #dhdb4 ,stromatum l4    
post captam ,trojam cum impetu ferretur1
 ad occidendam ,helenam1 stupore adeo   
pulchritudinis correptus ut ferrum      
excideret1 c4  #dhdc4 ,tantae formae    
fuit ut cum vincta loris1 feris exposita
 foret1 equorum calcibus obterenda1     
ipsis jumentis admiratione fuit2 laedere
 noluerunt4  #dhdd4 ,lib4 #h4 mules4    

#dhde4 ,if you will restore me to my    
parents1 and my beautiful lover1 what   
thanks1 what honour shall ,i owe you1   
what provender shall ,i not supply you8 
#dhdf4 ,aethiop4 l4 #c4  #dhdg4         
,atheneus1 lib4 #h4  #dhdh4 ,apuleius   
,aur4 asino4  #dhdi4 ,shakespeare4      
#dhej4 ,marlowe4  #dhea4 ,ov4 ,met4 #a4 
#dheb4 ,ovid4 ,met4 lib4 #e4  #dhec4    
,and with her hand wiping off the drops 
from her green tresses1 thus began to   
relate the loves of ,alpheus4 ,i was    
formerly an ,achaian nymph4  #dhed4     
,leland4 ,their lips resound with       
thousand kisses1 their arms are pallid  
with the close embrace1 and their necks 
are mutually entwined by their fond     
caresses4  #dhee4 ,angerianus4  #dhef4  
,si longe aspiciens haec urit lumine    
divos atque homines prope1 cur urere    
lina nequit8 ,angerianus4  #dheg4 ,we   
wonder how great the vapour1 and whence 
it comes4  #dheh4 ,idem ,anger4  #dhei4 
,obstupuit mirabundas membrorum         
elegantiam1 c4 ,ep4 #g4  #dhfj4         

,stobaeus e graeco4 ,my limbs became    
relaxed1 ,i was overcome from head to   
foot1 all self-possession fled1 so great
 a stupor overburdened my mind4  #dhfa4 
,parum abfuit quo minus saxum ex nomine 
factus sum1 ipsis statuis immobiliorem  
me fecit4  #dhfb4 ,veteres ,gorgonis    
fabulam confinxerunt1 eximium formae    
decus stupidos reddens4  #dhfc4 ,hor4   
,ode #e4  #dhfd4 ,marlos ,hero4  #dhfe4 
,aspectum virginis sponte fugit insanus 
fere1 et impossibile existimans ut simul
 eam aspicere quis possit1 et intra     
temperantiae metas se continere4  #dhff4
 ,apuleius1 l4 #d4 ,multi mortales      
longis itineribus1 c4  #dhfg4 ,nic4     
,gerbel4 l4 #e4 ,achaia4  #dhfh4 ,i4    
,secundus basiorum lib4  #dhfi4 ,musaeus
 ,illa autem bene morata1 per aedem     
quocunque vagabatur1 sequentem mentem   
habebat1 e oculos1 et corda virorum4    
#dhgj4 ,homer4  #dhga4 ,marlowe4  #dhgb4
 ,perno didascalo dial4 ,ital4 ,latin4  
donat4 a ,gasp4 ,barthio ,germano4      
#dhgc4 ,propertius4  #dhgd4 ,vestium    

splendore et elegantia ambitione        
incessus1 donis1 cantilenis1 c4 gratiam 
adipisci4  #dhge4 ,prae caeteris        
corporis proceritate et egregia indole  
mirandus apparebat1 caeteri autem capti 
ejus amore videbantur1 c4  #dhgf4       
,aristenaetus1 ep4 #aj4  #dhgg4 ,tom4   
#d4 dial4 meretr4 respicientes et ad    
formam ejus obstupescentes4  #dhgh4 ,in 
,charidemo sapientiae merito pulchritudo
 praefertur et opibus4  #dhgi4 ,indignum
 nihil est ,troas fortes et ,achivos    
tempore tam longo perpessos esse labore4
  #dhhj4 ,digna quidem facies pro qua   
vel obiret ,achilles1 vel ,priamus1     
belli causa probanda fuit4 ,proper4 lib4
 #b4  #dhha4 ,coecus qui ,helenae formam
 carpserat4  #dhhb4 ,those mutinous     
,turks that murmured at ,mahomet1 when  
they saw ,irene1 excused his absence4   
,knowls4  #dhhc4 ,in laudem ,helenae    
erat4  #dhhd4 ,apul4 miles4 lib4 #d4    
#dhhe4 ,secun4 bas4 #ac4  #dhhf4        
,curtius1 l4 #a4  #dhhg4 ,confessi4     
#dhhh4 ,seneca4 ,amor in oculis oritur4 

#dhhi4 ,ovid ,fast4  #dhij4 ,plutarch4  
#dhia4 ,lib4 de pulchrit4 ,jesu et      
,mariae4  #dhib4 ,lucian ,charidemon    
supra omnes mortales felicissimum si hac
 frui possit4  #dhic4 ,lucian amor4     
,insanum quiddam ac furibundum          
exclamans4 ,o fortunatissime deorum     
,mars qui propter hanc vinctus fuisti4  
#dhid4 ,ov4 ,met4 l4 #c4  #dhie4 ,omnes 
dii complexi sunt1 et in uxorem sibi    
petierunt1 ,nat4 ,comes de ,venere4     
#dhif4 ,ut cum lux noctis affulget1     
omnium oculos incurrit3 sic ,antiloquus 
c4  #dhig4 ,dolovit omnes ex animo      
mulieres4  #dhih4 ,nam vincit et vel    
ignem1 ferrumque si qua pulchra est4    
,anacreon1 #b4  #dhii4 ,spenser in his  
,faerie ,queene4  #dijj4 ,achilles      
,tatius1 lib4 #a4  #dija4 ,statim ac eam
 contemplatus sum1 occidi2 oculos a     
virgine avertere conatus sum1 sed illi  
repugnabant4  #dijb4 ,pudet dicere1 non 
celabo tamen4 ,memphim veniens me vicit1
 et continentiam expugnavit1 quam ad    
senectutem usque servarum1 oculis       

corporis1 c4  #dijc4 ,nunc primum circa 
hanc anxius animi haereo4 ,aristaenetus1
 ep4 #ag4  #dijd4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #d4 ,she 
alone hath captivated my feelings1 and  
fixed my wavering mind4  #dije4         
,amaranto dial4  #dijf4 ,comasque ad    
speculum disposuit4  #dijg4 ,imag4      
,polystrato4 ,si illam saltem intuearis1
 statuis immobiliorem te faciet3 si     
conspexeris eam1 non relinquetur        
facultas oculos ab ea amovendi2 abducet 
te alligatum quocunque voluerit1 ut     
ferrum ad se trahere ferunt adamantem4  
#dijh4 ,plaut4 ,merc4  #diji4 ,in the   
,knight's ,tale4  #diaj4 ,ex debita     
totius proportione aptaque partium      
compositione4 ,picolomineus4  #diaa4    
,hor4 ,od4 #ai4 lib4 #a4  #diab4 ,ter4  
,eunuch4 ,act4 #b4 ,scen4 #c4  #diac4   
,petronius ,catall4  #diad4 ,sophocles4 
,antigone4  #diae4 ,jo4 ,secundus bas4  
#ai4  #diaf4 ,loecheus4  #diag4         
,arandus4 ,vallis amoenissima e duobus  
montibus composita niveis4  #diah4      
,ovid4  #diai4 ,fol4 #gg4 ,dapsiles     

hilares amatores1 c4  #dibj4 ,when      
,cupid slept4 ,caesariem auream         
habentem1 ubi ,psyche vidit1 mollemque  
ex ambrosia cervicem inspexit1 crines   
crispos1 purpureas genas candidasque1 c4
 ,apuleius4  #diba4 ,in laudem calvi2   
splendida coma quisque adulter est2     
allicit aurea coma4  #dibb4 ,venus ipsa 
non placeret comis nudata1 capite       
spoliata1 si qualis ipsa ,venus cum fuit
 virgo omni gratiarum choro stipata1 et 
toto cupidinun populo concinnata1       
baltheo suo cincta1 cinnama fragrans1 et
 balsama1 si calva processerit1 placere 
non potest ,vulcano suo4  #dibc4        
,arandus4 ,capilli retia ,cupidinis1    
sylva caedua1 in qua nidificat ,cupido1 
sub cujus umbra amores mille modis se   
exercent4  #dibd4 ,theod4 ,prodromus    
,amor4 lib4 #a4  #dibe4 ,epist4 #gb4    
,ubi pulchram tibiam1 bene compactum    
tenuemque pedem vidi4  #dibf4 ,plaut4   
,cas4  #dibg4 ,claudus optime rem agit4 
#dibh4 ,fol4 #e4 ,si servum viderint1   
aut flatorem altius cinctum1 aut pulvere

 perfusum1 aut histrionem in scenam     
traductum1 c4  #dibi4 ,me pulchra fateor
 carere forma1 verum luculenta--nostra  
est4 ,petronius ,catal4 de ,priapo4     
#dicj4 ,galen4  #dica4 ,calcagninus     
,apologis4 ,quae pars maxime            
desiderabilis8 ,alius frontem1 alius    
genas1 c4  #dicb4 ,inter foemineum4     
#dicc4 ,hensius4  #dicd4 ,sunt enim     
oculi1 praecipuae pulchritudinis sedes4 
lib4 #f4  #dice4 ,amoris hami1 duces1   
judices et indices qui momento insanos  
sanant1 sanos insanire cogunt1          
oculatissimi corporis excubitores1 quid 
non agunt8 ,quid non cogunt8  #dicf4    
,ocelli carna4 #ag4 cujus et ,lipsius   
epist4 quaest4 lib4 #c4 cap4 #aa4       
meminit ob elegantiam4  #dicg4 ,cynthia 
prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis1    
contactum nullis ante cupidinibus4      
,propert4 l4 #a4  #dich4 ,in catalect4  
#dici4 ,de ,sulpicio1 lib4 #d4  #didj4  
,pulchritudo ipsa per occultos radios in
 pectus amantis dimanans amatae rei     
formam insculpsit1 ,tatius1 l4 #e4      

#dida4 ,jacob ,cornelius ,amnon         
,tragoed4 ,act4 #a4 sc4 #a4  #didb4     
,rosae formosaram oculis nascuntur1 et  
hilaritas vultus elegantiae corona4     
,philostratus deliciis4  #didc4 ,epist4 
et in deliciis1 abi et oppugnationem    
relinque1 quam flamma non extinguit2 nam
 ab amore ipsa flamma sentit incendium3 
quae corporum penetratio1 quae tyrannis 
haec8 c4  #didd4 ,loecheus ,panthea4    
#dide4 ,propertius4 ,the wretched       
,cynthia first captivates with her      
sparkling eyes4  #didf4 ,ovid1 amorum1  
lib4 #b4 eleg4 #d4  #didg4 ,scut4       
,hercul4  #didh4 ,calcagninus dial4     
#didi4 ,iliad #a4  #diej4 ,hist4 lib4   
#a4  #diea4 ,sands' relation1 fol4 #fg4 
#dieb4 ,mantuan4  #diec4 ,amor per      
oculos1 nares1 poros influens1 c4       
,mortales tum summopere fascinantur     
quando frequentissimo intuitu aciem     
dirigentes1 c4 ,ideo si quis nitore     
polleat oculorum1 c4  #died4 ,spiritus  
puriores fascinantur1 oculus a se radios
 emittit1 c4  #diee4 ,lib4 de pulch4    

,jes4 et ,mar4  #dief4 ,lib4 #b4 c4 #bc4
 colore triticum referente1 crine1      
flava1 acribus oculis4  #dieg4 ,lippi   
solo intuitu alios lippos faciunt1 et   
patet una cum radio vaporem corrupti    
sanguinis emanare1 cujus contagione     
oculis spectantis inficitur4  #dieh4    
,vita ,apollon4  #diei4 ,comment4 in    
,aristot4 ,probl4  #difj4 ,sic radius a 
corde percutientis missus1 regimen      
proprium repetit1 cor vulnerat1 per     
oculos et sanguinem inficit et spiritus1
 subtili quadam vi4 ,castil4 lib4 #c4 de
 aulico4  #difa4 ,lib4 #aj4 ,causa omnis
 et origo omnis prae sentis doloris tute
 es2 isti enim tui oculi1 per meos      
oculos ad intima delapsi praecordia1    
acerrimum meis medullis commovent       
incendium2 ergo miserere tui causa      
pereuntis4  #difb4 ,lycias in ,phaedri  
vultum inhiat1 ,phaedrus in oculos      
,lyciae scintillas suorum defigit       
oculorum2 cumque scintillis1 c4         
,sequitur ,phaedrus ,lyciam1 quia cor   
suum petit spiritum2 ,phaedrum ,lycias1 

quia spiritus propriam sedem postulat4  
,verum ,lycias1 c4  #difc4 ,daemonia    
inquit quae in hoc ,eremo nuper         
occurebant4  #difd4 ,castilio de aulico1
 l4 #c4 fol4 #bbh4 ,oculi ut milites in 
insidiis semper recubant1 et subito ad  
visum sagittas emittunt1 c4  #dife4 ,nec
 mirum si reliquos morbos qui ex        
contagione nascuntur consideremus1      
pestem1 pruritum1 scabiem1 c4  #diff4   
,lucretius4 ,and the body naturally     
seeks whence it is that the mind is so  
wounded by love4  #difg4 ,in beauty1    
that of favour is preferred before that 
of colours1 and decent motion is more   
than that of favour4 ,bacon's ,essays4  
#difh4 ,martialis4  #difi4 ,multi tacit 
e opinantur commercium illud adeo       
frequens cum barbaris nudis1 ac         
presertim cum foeminis ad libidinem     
provocare1 at minus multo noxia illorum 
nuditas quam nostrarum foeminarum       
cultus4 ,ausim asseverare splendidum    
illum cultum1 fucos1 c4  #digj4 ,harmo4 
evangel4 lib4 #f4 cap4 #f4  #diga4      

,serm4 de concep4 ,virg4 ,physiognomia  
virginis omnes movet ad casitatem4      
#digb4 #c4 sent4 d4 #c4 q4 #c4 mirum    
virgo formosissima1 sed a nemine        
concupita4  #digc4 ,met4 #aj4  #digd4   
,rosamond's complaint1 by ,sam4 ,daniel4
  #dige4 ,aeneas ,silv4  #digf4         
,heliodor4 l4 #b4 ,rodolphe ,thracia tam
 inevitabili fascino instructa1 tam     
exacte oculis intuens attraxit1 ni si in
 illam quis incidisset1 fieri non posset
 quin capertur4  #digg4 ,lib4 #c4 de    
providentia3 ,animi fenestrae oculi1 et 
omnis improba cupiditas per ocellos     
tanquam canales introit4  #digh4        
,buchanan4  #digi4 ,ovid de arte amandi4
  #dihj4 ,pers4 #c4 ,sat4  #diha4 ,vel  
centum ,chariles ridere putaret4 ,museus
 of ,hero4  #dihb4 ,hor4 ,od4 #bb lib4  
#a4  #dihc4 ,eustathius1 l4 #e4  #dihd4 
,mantuan4  #dihe4 ,tom4 #d4 merit1 dial4
 ,exornando seipsam eleganter1 facilem  
et hilarem se gerendo erga cunctos1     
ridendo suave ac blandum quid1 c4       
#dihf4 ,angeriaims4  #dihg4 ,vel si     

forte vestimentum de industria elevetur1
 ut pedum ac tibiarum pars aliqua       
conspiciatur1 dum templum aut locum     
aliquem adierit4  #dihh4 ,sermone1 quod 
non foeminae4 viris cohabitent4 ,non    
loquuta es lingua1 sed loquuta es       
gressu3 non loquuta es voce1 sed oculis 
loquuta es clarius quam voce4  #dihi4   
,jovianus ,pontanus ,baiar4 lib4 #a4 ad 
,hermionem4 ,for why do you exhibit your
 'milky way1' your uncovered bosoms8    
,what else is it but to say plainly4    
,ask me1 ask me1 ,i will surrender2 and 
what is that but love's call8  #diij4   
,de luxu vestium discurs4 #f4 ,nihil    
aliud deest nisi ut praeco vos          
praecedat1 c4  #diia4 ,if you can tell  
how1 you may sing this to the tune a    
sow-gelder blows4  #diib4 ,auson4 epig4 
#bh4 ,neither draped ,diana nor naked   
,venus pleases me4 ,one has too much    
voluptuousness about her1 the other     
none4  #diic4 ,plin4 lib4 #cc4 cap4 #aj4
 ,gampaspen nudam picturus ,apelles1    
amore ejus illaqueatus est4  #diid4 ,in 

,tyrrhenis conviviis nudae mulieres     
ministrabant4  #diie4 ,amatoria         
miscentes vidit1 et in ipsis complexibus
 audit1 c4 emersit inde cupido in pectus
 virginis4  #diif4 ,epist4 #g4 lib4 #b4 
#diig4 ,spartian4  #diih4 ,sidney's     
,arcadia4  #diii4 ,de immod4 mulier4    
cultu4  #ejjj4 ,discurs4 #f4 de luxu    
vestium4  #ejja4 ,petronius fol4 #ie4   
quo spectant flexae comae8 quo facies   
medicamine attrita et oculorum mollis   
petulantia8 quo incessus tam compositus1
 c4  #ejjb4 ,ter4 ,they take a year to  
deck and comb themselves4  #ejjc4 ,p4   
,aretine4 ,hortulanus non ita exercetur 
visendis hortis1 eques equis1 armis1    
nauta navibus1 c4  #ejjd4 ,epist4 #d4   
,sonus armillarum bene sonantium1 odor  
unguentorm1 c4  #ejje4 ,tom4 #d4 dial4  
,amor4 vascula plena multae             
infelicitatis omnem mariotorum          
opulentiam in haec inpendunt1 dracones  
pro monilibus habent1 qui utinam vere   
dracones essent4 ,lucian4  #ejjf4       
,seneca4  #ejjg4 ,castilio de aulic4    

lib4 ,i4 ,mulieribus omnibus hoc        
imprimis in votis est1 ut formosae sint1
 aut si reipsa non sint1 videantur tamen
 esse2 et si qua parte natura defuit1   
artis supetias adjungunt3 unde illae    
faciei unctiones1 dolor et cruciatus in 
arctandis corporibus1 c4  #ejjh4 ,ovid4 
epist4 ,med4 ,jasoni4  #ejji4 ,a        
distorted dwarf1 an ,europa4  #ejaj4    
,modo caudatas tunicas1 c4 ,bossus4     
#ejaa4 ,scribanius philos4 ,christ4 cap4
 #f4  #ejab4 ,ter4 ,eunuc4 ,act4 #b4    
scen4 #c4  #ejac4 ,stroza fil4  #ejad4  
,ovid4  #ejae4 ,s4 ,daniel4  #ejaf4     
,lib4 de victimis4 ,fracto incessu      
obtuitu lascivo1 calamistrata1          
cincinnata1 fucata1 recens lota1        
purpurissata1 pretioso que amicta       
palliolo1 spirans unguenta1 ut juvenum  
animos circumveniat4  #ejag4 ,orat4 in  
ebrios4 ,impudenter so masculorum       
aspectibus exponunt1 insolenter comas   
jactantes1 trahunt tunicas pedibus      
collidentes1 oculoque petulanti1 risu   
effuso1 ad tripudium insanientes1 omnem 

adolescentum intemperantiam in se       
provocantes1 inque in templis memoriae  
martyrum consecratis2 pomoerium         
civitatis officinam fecerunt            
impudentiae4  #ejah4 ,hymno ,veneri     
dicato4  #ejai4 ,argonaut4 l4 #d4       
#ejbj4 ,vit4 ,anton4  #ejba4 ,regia domo
 ornatuque certantes1 sese ac formam    
suam ,antonio offerentes1 c4 ,cum ornatu
 et incredibili pompa per ,cydnum       
fluvium navigarent aurata puppi1 ipsa ad
 similitudinem ,veneris ornata1 puellae 
,gratiis similes1 pueri ,cupidinibus1   
,antonius ad visum stupefactus4  #ejbb4 
,amictum ,chlamyde et coronis1 quum     
primum aspexit ,cnemonem1 ex potestate  
mentis excidit4  #ejbc4 ,lib4 de lib4   
prop4  #ejbd4 ,ruth1 iii4 #c4  #ejbe4   
,cap4 ix4 #e4  #ejbf4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #f4   
#ejbg4 ,hor4 lib4 #b4 ,od4 #aa4  #ejbh4 
,cap4 #bg4  #ejbi4 ,epist4 #ij4  #ejcj4 
,quicquid est boni moris levitate       
extinguitur1 et politura corporis       
muliebres munditias antecessimus colores
 meretricios viri sumimus1 tenero et    

molli gradu suspendimus gradum1 non     
ambulamus1 nat4 quaest4 lib4 #g4 cap4   
#ca4  #ejca4 ,liv4 lib4 #d4 dec4 #d4    
#ejcb4 ,quid exultas in pulchritudine   
panni8 ,quid gloriaris in gemmis ut     
facilius invites ad libidiniosum        
incendium8 ,mat4 ,bossus de immoder4    
mulie4 cultu4  #ejcc4 ,epist4 #aac4     
fulgent monilibus1 moribus sordent1     
purpurata vestis1 conscientia pannosa1  
cap4 #c4 #ag4  #ejcd4 ,de virginali     
habitu3 dum ornari cultius1 dum evagari 
virgines volunt1 desinunt esse virgines4
 ,clemens ,alexandrinus1 lib4 de pulchr4
 animae1 ibid4  #ejce4 ,lib4 #b4 de     
cultu mulierum1 oculos depictos         
verecundia1 inferentes in aures sermonem
 dei1 annectentes crinibus jugum        
,christi1 caput maritis subjicientes1   
sic facile et satis eritis ornatae3     
vestite vos serico probitatis1 byssino  
sanctitatis1 purpura pudicitiae2 taliter
 pigmentatae deum habebitis amatorem4   
#ejcf4 ,suas habeant ,romanae8          
lascivias2 purpurissa1 ac cerussa ora   

perungant1 fomenta libidinum1 et        
corruptae mentis indicia2 vestrum       
ornamentum deus sit1 pudicitia1 virtutis
 studium4 ,rossus ,plautus4  #ejcg4     
,sollicitiores de capitis sui decore    
quam de salute1 inter pectinem et       
speculum diem perdunt1 concinniores esse
 malunt quam honestiores1 et rempub4    
minus turbari curant quam comam4        
,seneca4  #ejch4 ,lucian4  #ejci4 ,non  
sic ,furius de ,gallis1 not ,papyrius de
 ,samnitibus1 ,scipio de ,numantia      
triumphavit1 ac illa se vincendo in hac 
parte4  #ejdj4 ,anacreon4 #d4 solum     
intuemur aurum4  #ejda4 ,asser tecum si 
vis vivere mecum4  #ejdb4 ,theognis4    
#ejdc4 ,chaloner1 l4 #i4 de ,repub4     
,ang4  #ejdd4 ,uxorem ducat ,danaen1 c4 
#ejde4 ,ovid4  #ejdf4 ,epist4 #ad formam
 spectant alii per gratias1 ego         
pecuniam1 c4 ne mihi negotium facesse4  
#ejdg4 ,qui caret argento1 frustra      
utitur argumento4  #ejdh4 ,juvenalis4   
#ejdi4 ,tom4 #d4 merit4 dial4 multos    
amatores rejecit1 quia pater ejus nuper 

mortuus1 ac dominus ipse factus bonorum 
omnium4  #ejej4 ,lib4 #c4 cap4 #ad4 quis
 nobilium eo tempore1 sibi aut filio aut
 nepoti uxorem accipere cupiens1 oblatam
 sibi aliquam propinquarum ejus non     
acciperet obviis manibus8 ,quarum turbam
 acciverat e ,normannia in ,angliam ejus
 rei gratia4  #ejea4 ,alexander         
,gaguinus ,sarmat4 ,europ4 descript4    
#ejeb4 ,tom4 #c4 ,annal4  #ejec4 ,libido
 statim deferbuit1 fastidium caepit1 et 
quod in ea tantopere adamavit           
aspernatur1 et ab aegritudine liberatus 
in angorem incidit4  #ejed4 ,de puellae 
voluntate periculum facere solis oculis 
non est satis1 sed efficacius aliquid   
agere oportet1 ibique etiam machinam    
alteram ahibere3 itaque manus tange1    
digitos constringe1 atque inter         
stringendum suspira2 si haec agentem    
aequo se animo feret1 neque facta       
hujusmodi aspernabitur1 tum vero dominam
 appella1 ejusque collum suaviare4      
#ejee4 ,hungry dogs will eat dirty      
puddings4  #ejef4 ,shakspeare4  #ejeg4  

,tatius1 lib4 #a4  #ejeh4 ,in mammarum  
attractu1 non aspernanda inest          
jucunditas1 et attrectatus1 c4  #ejei4  
,mantuam4  #ejfj4 ,ovid4 #a4 ,met4      
#ejfa4 ,manus ad cubitum nuda1 coram    
astans1 fortius intuita1 tenuem de      
pectore spiritum ducens1 digitum meum   
pressit1 et bibens pedem pressit2 mutuae
 compressiones corporum1 labiorum       
commixtiones1 pedum connexiones1 c4 ,et 
bibit eodem loco1 c4  #ejfb4 ,epist4 #d4
 ,respexi1 respexit et1 illa subridens1 
c4  #ejfc4 ,vir4 ,aen4 #d4 ,that was the
 first hour of destruction1 and the     
first beginning of my miseries4  #ejfd4 
,propertius4  #ejfe4 ,ovid4 amor4 lib4  
#b4 eleg4 #b4 ,place modesty itself in  
such a situation1 desire will intrude4  
#ejff4 ,romae vivens flore fortunae1 et 
opulentiae meae1 aetas1 forma1 gratia   
conversationis1 maxime me fecerunt      
expetibilem1 c4  #ejfg4 ,de ,aulic4 lib4
 #a4 fol4 #fc4  #ejfh4 ,ut adulterini   
mercatorum panni4  #ejfi4 ,busbeq4      
epist4  #ejgj4 ,paranympha in cubiculum 

adducta capillos ad cutem referebat2    
sponsus inde ad eam ingressus cingulum  
solvebat1 nec prius sponsam aspexit     
interdiu quam ex illa factus esset      
pater4  #ejga4 ,serm4 cont4 concub4     
#ejgb4 ,lib4 #b4 epist4 ad filium1 et   
virginem et matrem viduam epist4 #aj4   
dabit tibi barbatulus quispiam manum1   
sustentabit lassam1 et pressis digitis  
aut tentabitur aut tentabit1 c4  #ejgc4 
,loquetur alius nutibus1 et quicquid    
metuit dicere1 significabit affectibus4 
,inter bas tantas voluptatum illecebras 
etiam ferreas mentes libido domat4      
,difficile inter epulas servatur        
pudicitia4  #ejgd4 ,clamore vestium ad  
se juvenes vocat2 capilli fasciolis     
comprimuntur crispati1 cingulo pectus   
arctatur1 capilii vel in frontem1 vel in
 aures defluunt3 palliolum interdum     
cadit1 ut nudet humeros1 et quasi videri
 noluerit1 festinans celat1 quod volens 
detexerit4  #ejge4 ,serm4 cont4 concub4 
,in sancto et reverendo sacramentorum   
tempore multas occasiones1 ut illis     

placeant qui eas vident1 praebent4      
#ejgf4 ,pont4 ,baia4 l4 #a4  #ejgg4     
,descr4 ,brit4  #ejgh4 ,res est blanda  
canor1 discant cantare puellae pro      
facie1 c4 ,ovid4 #c4 de art4 amandi4    
#ejgi4 ,epist4 l4 #a4 ,cum loquitur     
,lais1 quanta1 ,o dii boni1 vocis ejus  
dulcedo6  #ejhj4 ,the sweet sound of his
 voice reanimates my soul through my    
covetous ears4  #ejha4 ,aristenaetus1   
lib4 #b4 epist4 #e4 ,quam suave canit6  
verbum audax dixi1 omnium quos vidi     
formosissimus1 utinam amare me dignetur6
  #ejhb4 ,imagines1 si cantantem        
audieris1 ita demulcebere1 ut parentum  
et patriae statim obliviscaris4  #ejhc4 
,edyll4 #ah4 neque sane ulla sic        
,cytharam pulsare novit4  #ejhd4        
,amatorio ,dialogo4  #ejhe4 ,puellam    
,cythara canentem vidimus4  #ejhf4      
,apollonius1 ,argonaut4 l4 #c4 ,the mind
 is delighted as much by eloquence as   
beauty4  #ejhg4 ,catullus4  #ejhh4      
,parnodidascalo dial4 ,ital4 ,latin4    
interp4 ,jasper4 ,barthio4 ,germ4       

,fingebam honestatem plusquam virginis  
vestalis1 intuebar oculis uxoris1       
addebam gestus1 c4  #ejhi4 ,tom4 #d4    
dial4 merit4  #ejij4 ,amatorius sermo   
vehemens vehementis cupiditatis         
incitatio est1 ,tatius l4 #a4  #ejia4   
,de luxuria et deliciis compositi4      
#ejib4 ,aeneas ,sylvius4 ,nulla machina 
validior quam lecto lascivae historiae3 
saepe etiam hujusmodi fabulis ad furorem
 incenduntur4  #ejic4 ,martial4 l4 #d4  
#ejid4 ,lib4 #a4 c4 #g4  #ejie4         
,eustathius1 l4 #a4 ,pictures parant    
animum ad ,venerem1 c4 ,horatius ed res 
venereas intemperantior traditur2 nam   
cubiculo suo sic specula dicitur        
habuisse disposita1 ut quocunque        
respexisset imaginem coitus referrent4  
,suetonius vit4 ejus4  #ejif4 ,osculum  
ut phylangium inficit4  #ejig4 ,hor4    
,venus hath imbued with the quintessence
 of her nectar4  #ejih4 ,heinsius4 ,you 
may conquer with the sword1 but you are 
conquered by a kiss4  #ejii4 ,applico me
 illi proximius et spisse deosculata    

sagum peto4  #eajj4 ,petronius catalect4
  #eaja4 ,catullus ad ,lesbiam3 da mihi 
basia mille1 deinde centum1 c4  #eajb4  
,petronius4 ,only attempt to touch her  
person1 and immediately your members    
will be filled with a glow of delicious 
warmth4  #eajc4 ,apuleius1 l4 #cj4 et   
,catalect4  #eajd4 ,petronius4  #eaje4  
,apuleius4  #eajf4 ,petronius ,proselios
 ad ,circen4  #eajg4 ,petronius4  #eajh4
 ,animus conjungitur1 et spiritus etiam 
noster per osculum effluit2 alternatim  
se in utriusque corpus infundentes      
commiscent2 animae potius quam corporis 
connectio4  #eaji4 ,catullus4  #eaaj4   
,lucian4 ,tom4 #d4  #eaaa4 ,non dat     
basia1 dat ,nera nectar1 dat rores      
animae suaveolentes1 dat nardum1        
thymumque1 cinnamumque et mel1 c4       
,secundus bas4 #d4  #eaab4 ,eustathius  
lib4 #d4  #eaac4 ,catullus4  #eaad4     
,buchanan4  #eaae4 ,ovid4 art4 am4      
,eleg4 #ah4  #eaaf4 ,ovid4 ,she folded  
her arms around my neck4  #eaag4 ,cum   
capita liment solitis morsiunculis1 et  

cum mammillarum pressiunculis4 ,lip4 od4
 ant4 lec4 lib4 #c4  #eaah4 ,tom4 #d4   
dial4 meretr4  #eaai4 ,apuleius ,miles4 
#f4 ,et unum blandientis linguae        
admulsum longe mellitum3 et post lib4   
#aa4 ,arctius eam complexus caepi       
suaviari jamque pariter patentis oris   
inhalitu cinnameo et occursantis linguae
 illisu nectareo1 c4  #eabj4 ,lib4 #a   
advers4 ,jovin4 cap4 #cj4  #eaba4       
,oscula qui sumpsit1 si non et cetera   
sumpsit1 c4  #eabb4 ,corpus ,placuit    
mariti sui tolli ex arca1 atque illi    
quae vacabat cruci adfigi4  #eabc4 ,novi
 ingenium mulierum1 nolunt1 ubi velis1  
ubi nolis capiunt ultro4 ,ter4 ,eunuc4  
act4 #d4 sc4 #g4  #eabd4 ,marlowe4      
#eabe4 ,pornodidascolo dial4 ,ital4     
,latin4 donat4 a ,gasp4 ,barthio        
,germano4 ,quanquam natura1 et arte eram
 formosissima1 isto tamen astu tanto    
speciosior videbar1 quod enim oculis    
cupitum aegre praebetur1 multo magis    
affectus humanos incendit4  #eabf4 ,quo 
majoribus me donis probatiabat1 eo      

pejoribus illum modis tractabam1 ne     
basium impetravis1 c4  #eabg4 ,comes de 
monte ,turco ,hispanus has de venatione 
sua partes misit1 jussitque peramanter  
orare1 ut hoc qualecunque donum suo     
nomine accipias4  #eabh4 ,his artibus   
hominem ita excantabam1 ut pro me ille  
ad omnia parutas1 c4  #eabi4 ,tom4 #d4  
dial1 merit4  #eacj4 ,relicto illo1     
aegre ipsi interim faciens1 et omnino   
difficilis4  #eaca4 ,si quis enim nec   
,zelotypus irascitur1 nec pugnat        
aliquando amator1 nec perjurat1 non est 
habendus amator1 c4 ,totus hic ignis    
,zelotypia constat1 c4 maxime amores    
inde nascuntur4 ,sed si persuasum illi  
fuerit te solum habere1 elanguescit     
illico amor suus4  #eacb4 ,venientem    
videbis ipsum denuo inflammatum et      
prorsus insanientem4  #eacc4 ,et sic cum
 fere de illo desperassem1 post menses  
quatuor ad me rediit4  #eacd4 ,petronius
 ,catal4  #eace4 ,imagines deorum4 fol4 
#cbg4 varios amores facit1 quos aliqui  
interpretantur multiplices affectus et  

illecebras1 alios puellos1 puellas1     
alatos1 alios poma aurea1 alios         
sagittas1 alios laqueos1 c4  #eacf4     
,epist4 lib4 #c4 vita ,pauli ,eremitae4 
#eacg4 ,meretrix speciosa cepit         
delicatius stringere colla complexibus1 
et corpora in libidinem concitato1 c4   
#each4 ,camden in ,gloucestershire1 huic
 praefuit nobilis et formosa abbatissa1 
,godwinus comes indole subtilis1 non    
ipsam1 sed sua cupiens1 reliquit nepotem
 suum forma elegantissimum1 tanquam     
infirmum donec reverteretur1 instruit1  
c4  #eaci4 ,ille impiger regem adit1    
abatissam et suas praegnantes edocet1   
exploratoribus missis probat1 et iis    
ejectis1 a domino suo manerium accepit4 
#eadj4 ,post sermones de casu suo       
suavitate sermones conciliat animum     
hominis1 manumque inter colloquia et    
risus ad barbam protendit et palpare    
coepit cervicem suam et osculari2 quid  
multa8 ,captivum ducit militem ,christi4
 ,complexura evanescit1 demones in aere 
monachum riserunt4  #eada4 ,choraea     

circulus1 cujus centrum diab4  #eadb4   
,multae inde impudicae domum rediere1   
plures ambiguae1 melior nulla4  #eadc4  
,turpium deliciarum comes est externa   
saltatio2 neque certe facile dictu quae 
mala hinc visus hauriat1 et quae pariat1
 colloquia1 monstrosus1 inconditos      
gestus1 c4  #eadd4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #aa4     
,perhaps you may expect that a          
,gaditanian with a tuneful company may  
begin to wanton1 and girls approved with
 applause lower themselves to the ground
 in a lascivious manner1 a provocative  
of languishing desire4  #eade4 ,justin4 
l4 #aj4 ,adduntur instrumenta luxuriae1 
tympana et tripudia2 nec tam spectator  
rex1 sed nequitiae magister1 c4  #eadf4 
,hor4 l4 #e4 od4 #f4  #eadg4 ,havarde   
vita ejus4  #eadh4 ,of whom he begat    
,william the ,conqueror2 by the same    
token she tore her smock down1 saying1  
c4  #eadi4 ,epist4 c4 ,quis non miratus 
est saltantem8 ,quis non vidit et       
amavit8 veterem et novam vidi ,romam1   
sed tibi similem non vidi ,panareta2    

felix qui ,panareta fruitur1 c4  #eaej4 
,prinicipio ,ariadne velut sponsa       
prodit1 ac sola recedit2 prodiens illico
 ,dionysius ad numeros cantante tibia   
saltabat2 admirati sunt omnes saltantem 
juvenem1 ipsaque ,ariadne1 ut vix       
potuerit conquiescere2 post ea vero cum 
,dionysius eam aspexit1 c4 ut autem     
surrexit ,dionysius1 erexit simul       
,ariadnem1 licebatque spectare gestus   
osculantium1 et inter se complectentium2
 qui autem spectabant1 c4 ,ad extremum  
videntes eos mutuis amplexibus          
implicatos et jamjam ad thalamum ituros2
 qui non duxerant uxores jurabant uxores
 se ductoreos2 qui autem duxerant       
conscensis equis et incitatis1 ut iisdem
 fruerentur1 domum festinarunt4  #eaea4 
,lib4 #d4 de contemnend4 amoribus4      
#eaeb4 ,ad ,anysium epist4 #eg4  #eaec4 
,intempestivum enim est1 et a nuptiis   
abhorrens1 inter saltantes podagricum   
videre senem1 et episcopum4  #eaed4 ,rem
 omnium in mortalium vita optimam       
innocenter accusare4  #eaee4 ,quae      

honestam voluptatem respicit1 aut       
corporis exercitium1 contemni non debet4
  #eaef4 ,elegantissima res est1 quae et
 mentem acuit1 corpus exerceat1 et      
spectantes oblectet1 multos gestus      
decoros docens1 oculos1 aures1 animum ex
 aeque demulcens4  #eaeg4 ,ovid4  #eaeh4
 ,system1 moralis philosophiae4  #eaei4 
,apuleius4 #aj4 ,pueili1 puellaeque     
virenti florentes aetatula1 forma       
conspicui1 veste nitidi1 incessu        
gratiosi1 ,graecanicam saltantes        
,pyrrhicam1 dispositis ordinationibus1  
decoros ambitus inerrabant1 nunc in     
orbem flexi1 nunc in obliquam seriem    
connexi1 nunc in quadrum cuneati1 nunc  
inde separati1 c4  #eafj4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4
 #aa4  #eafa4 ,vit4 ,epaminondae4       
#eafb4 ,lib4 #e4  #eafc4 ,read ,p4      
,martyr ,ocean ,decad4 ,benzo1 ,lerius  
,hacluit1 c4  #eafd4 ,angerianus        
,erotopaedium4  #eafe4 #aj ,leg4     1  
c4 hujus causa oportuit disciplinam     
constitui1 ut tam pueri quam puellae    
choreas celebrent1 spectenturque ac     

spectent1 c4  #eaff4 ,aspectus enim     
nudorum corporum tam mares quam feminas 
irritare solet ad enormes lasciviae     
appetitus4  #eafg4 ,camden ,annal4 anno 
#aegh1 fol4 #bgf4 ,amatoriis facetiis et
 illecebris exquisitissimus4  #eafh4    
,met4 #a4 ,ovid4  #eafi4 ,erasmus egl4  
mille mei siculis errant in montibus    
agni4  #eagj4 ,virg4  #eaga4 #eh        
,lecheus4  #eagb4 ,tom4 #d4 merit4 dial4
 amare se jurat et lachrimatur dicitque 
uxorem me ducere velle1 quum pater      
oculos claussisset4  #eagc4 ,quum dotem 
alibi multo majorem aspiciet1 c4  #eagd4
 ,or upper garment4 ,quem ,juno miserata
 veste contexit4  #eage4 ,hor4  #eagf4  
,dejeravit illa secundum supra          
trigesimum ad proximum ,decembrem       
completuram se esse4  #eagg4 ,ovid4     
#eagh4 ,nam donis vincitur omnis amor4  
,catullus #a4 el4 #e4  #eagi4 ,fox1 act4
 #c4 sc4 #c4  #eahj4 ,catullus4  #eaha4 
,perjuria ridet amantum ,jupiter1 et    
ventos irrita ferre jubet ,tibul4 lib4  
#c4 et #f4  #eahb4 ,in ,philebo4        

pejerantibus1 nis dii soli ignoscunt4   
#eahc4 ,catul4  #eahd4 ,lib4 #a4 de     
contemnendis amoribus4  #eahe4 ,dial4   
,ital4 argentum ut paleas projiciebat4  
,biliosum habui amatorem qui supplex    
flexis genibus1 c4 ,nullus recens       
allatus terrae fructus1 nullum          
cupediarum genus tam carum erat1 nullum 
vinum ,creticum pretiosum1 quin ad me   
ferret illico2 credo alterum oculum     
pignori daturus1 c4  #eahf4 ,post       
musicam opiperas epulas1 et tantis      
juramentis1 donis1 c4  #eahg4 ,nunquam  
aliquis umbrarum conjurator tanta       
attentione1 tamque potentibus verbis    
usus est1 quam ille exquisitis mihi     
dictis1 c4  #eahh4 ,chaucer4  #eahi4 ,ah
 crudele genas nec tutum foemina nomen6 
,tibul4 l4 #c4 eleg4 #d4  #eaij4        
,jovianus ,pon4  #eaia4 ,aristaenetus1  
lib4 #b4 epist4 #ac4  #eaib4 ,suaviter  
flebam1 ut persuasum habeat lachrymas   
prae gaudio illius reditus mihi emanare4
  #eaic4 ,lib4 #c4 his accedunt1 vultus 
subtristis1 color pallidus1 gemebunda   

vox1 ignita suspiria1 lachrymae prope   
innumerabiles4 ,istae se statim umbrae  
offerunt tanto squalore et in omni fere 
diverticulo tanta macie1 ut illas jamjam
 moribundas putes4  #eaid4 ,petronius4  
,trust not your heart to women1 for the 
wave is less treacherous than their     
fidelity4  #eaie4 ,coelestina1 act #g4  
,barthio interpret omnibus arridet1 et a
 singulis amari se solam dicit4  #eaif4 
,ovid4 ,they have made the same promises
 to a thousand girls that they make to  
you4  #eaig4 ,seneca ,hippol4  #eaih4   
,tom4 #d4 dial4 merit4 tu vero aliquando
 maerore afficieris ubi andieris me a   
meipsa laqueo tui causa suffocatam aut  
in puteum praecipitatam4  #eaii4 ,epist4
 #bj4 l4 #b4  #ebjj4 ,matronae flent    
duobus oculis1 moniales quatuor1        
virgines uno1 meretrices nullo4  #ebja4 
,ovid4  #ebjb4 ,imagines deorum1 fol4   
#ccb4 e ,moschi amore fugitive1 quem    
,politianus ,latinum fecit4  #ebjc4     
,lib4 #c4 mille vix anni sufficerent ad 
omnes illas machinationes1 dolosque     

commemorandos1 quos viri et mulieres ut 
se invicem circumveniant1 excogitare    
solent4  #ebjd4 ,petronius4  #ebje4     
,plautus ,tritemius4 ,three hundred     
verses would not comprise their         
indecencies4  #ebjf4 ,de ,magnet4       
,philos4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #aj4  #ebjg4     
,catul4 eleg4 #e4 lib4 #a4 ,venit in    
exitium callida lena meum4  #ebjh4      
,ovid4 #aj4 met4  #ebji4 ,parabosc4     
,barthii4  #ebaj4 ,de vit4 ,erem c4 #c4 
ad sororem vix aliquam reclusarum hujus 
temporis solam invenies1 ante cujus     
fenestram non anus garrula1 vel         
nugigerula mulier sedet1 quae eam       
fabulis occupet1 rumoribus pascat1 hujus
 vel illius monachi1 c4  #ebaa4 ,agreste
 olus anus vendebat1 et rogo inquam1    
mater1 nunquid scis ubi ego habitem8    
delectata illa urbanitate tam stulta1 et
 quid nesciam inquit8 consurrexitque et 
cepit me praecedere2 divinam ego        
putabam1 c4 nudas video meretrices et in
 lupanar me adductum1 sero execrutus    
aniculae insidias4  #ebab4 ,plautus     

,menech4 ,these harlots send little     
maidens down to the quays to ascertain  
the name and nation of every ship that  
arrives1 after which they themselves    
hasten to address the new-comers4       
#ebac4 ,promissis everberant1 molliunt  
dulciloquiis1 et opportunum tempus      
aucupantes laqueos ingerunt quos vix    
,lucretia vitare2 escam parant quam vel 
satur ,hippolitus sumeret1 c4 ,hae sane 
sunt virgae soporiferae quibus contactae
 animae ad ,orcum descendunt2 hoc gluten
 quo compactae mentium alae evolare     
nequeunt1 daemonis ancillae1 quae       
sollicitant1 c4  #ebad4 ,see the        
practices of the ,jesuits1 ,anglice1    
edit4 #afcj4  #ebae4 ,aen4 ,sylv4       
#ebaf4 ,chaucer1 in the wife of ,bath's 
tale4  #ebag4 ,h4 ,stephanus ,apol4     
,herod1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ba4  #ebah4      
,bale4 ,puellae in lectis dormire non   
poterant4  #ebai4 ,idem ,josephus1 lib4 
#ah4 cap4 #d4  #ebbj4 ,lib credit4      
,augustae ,vindelicorum1 ,an4 #afjh4    
#ebba4 ,quarum animas lucrari debent    

,deo1 sacrificant diabolo4  #ebbb4 ,m4  
,drayton1 ,her4 epist4  #ebbc4          
,pornodidascolo dial4 ,ital4 ,latin1    
fact4 a ,gasp4 ,barthio4 ,plus possum   
quam omnes philosophi1 astrologi1       
necromantici1 c4 sola saliva inungens1  
#a4 amplexu et basiis tam furiose       
furere1 tam bestialiter obstupesieri    
coegi1 ut instar idoli me adorarint4    
#ebbd4 ,sagae omnes sibi arrogant       
notitiam1 et facultatem in amorem       
alliciendi quos velint2 odia inter      
conjuges serendi1 tempestates excitandi1
 morbos infligendi1 c4  #ebbe4          
,juvenalis ,sat4  #ebbf4 ,idem refert   
,hen4 ,kormannus de mir4 mort4 lib4 #a  
cap4 #ad4 ,perdite amavit mulierculam   
quandam1 illius amplexibus acquiescens1 
summa cum indignatione suorum et dolore4
  #ebbg4 ,et inde totus in ,episcopum   
furere1 illum colere4  #ebbh4           
,aquisgranum1 vulgo ,aixe4  #ebbi4      
,immenso sumptu templum et aedes1 c4    
#ebcj4 ,apolog4 quod ,pudentillam viduam
 ditem et provectioris aetatis foeminam 

cantaminibus in amorem sui pellexisset4 
#ebca4 ,philopseude1 tom4 #c4  #ebcb4   
,impudicae mulieres opera veneficarum1  
diaboli coquarum1 amatores suos ad se   
nuctu ducunt et reducunt1 ministerio    
hirci in aere volantis3 multos novi qui 
hoc fassi sunt1 c4  #ebcc4 ,mandrake    
apples1 ,lemnius lib4 herb4 bib4 c4 #c4 
#ebcd4 ,of which read ,plin4 lib4 #h4   
cap4 #bb4 et lib4 #ac4 c4 #be4 et       
,quintilianum1 lib4 #g4  #ebce4 ,lib4   
#aa4 c4 #h4 ,venere implicat eos1 qui ex
 eo bibunt4 ,idem ,ov4 ,met4 #d4        
,strabo4 ,geog4 l4 #ad4  #ebcf4 ,lod4   
,guicciardine's descript4 ,ger4 in      
,aquisgrano4  #ebcg4 ,baltheus ,veneris1
 in quo suavitas1 et dulcia colloquia1  
benevolentiae1 et blanditiae1 suasiones1
 fraudes et veneficia includebantur4    
,whence that heat to waters bubbling    
from the cold moist earth8 ,cupid1 once 
upon a time1 playfully dipped herein his
 arrows of steel1 and delighted with the
 hissing sound1 he said1 boil on for    
ever1 and retain the memory of my       

quiver4 ,from that time it is a thermal 
spring1 in which few venture to bathe1  
but whosoever does1 his heart is        
instantly touched with love4  #ebch4    
,ovid4 ,facit hunc amor ipse colorem4   
,met4 #d4  #ebci4 ,signa ejus           
profunditas oculorum1 privatio          
lachrymarum1 suspiria1 saepe rident     
sibi1 ac si quod delectabile2 viderent1 
aut audirent4  #ebdj4 ,seneca ,hip4     
#ebda4 ,seneca ,hip4  #ebdb4 ,de moris  
cerebri de erot4 amore4 ,ob spirituum   
distractionem hepar officio suo non     
fungitur1 nec vertit alimentum in       
sanguinem1 ut debeat4 ,ergo membra      
debilia1 et penuria alibilis succi      
marcescunt1 squalentque ut herbae in    
horto meo hoc mense ,maio ,zeriscae1 ob 
imbrium defectum4  #ebdc4 ,faerie       
,queene1 l4 #c4 cant4 #aa4  #ebdd4      
,amator ,emblem4 #c4  #ebde4 ,lib4 #d4  
,animo errat1 et quidvis obvium         
loquitur1 vigilias absque causa         
sustinet1 et succum corporis subito     
amisit4  #ebdf4 ,apuleius4  #ebdg4      

,chaucer1 in the ,knight's ,tale4       
#ebdh4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #d4  #ebdi4 ,dum    
vaga passim sidera fulgent1 numerat     
longas tetricus horas1 et sollicito     
nixus cubito suspirando viscera rumpit4 
#ebej4 ,saliebat crebro tepidum cor ad  
aspectum ,ismenes4  #ebea4 ,gordonius c4
 #bj4 amittunt saepe cibum1 potum1 et   
merceratur inde totum corpus4  #ebeb4   
,ter4 ,eunuch4 ,dii boni1 quid hoc est1 
adeone homines mutari ex amore1 ut non  
cognoscas eundem esse6  #ebec4 ,ovid4   
,met4 #d4 ,the more it is concealed the 
more it struggles to break through its  
concealment4  #ebed4 ,ad ejus nomen1    
rubebut1 et ad aspectum pulsus          
variebatur4 ,plutar4  #ebee4 ,epist4    
#ac4  #ebef4 ,barck4 lib4 #a4 ,oculi    
medico tremore errabant4  #ebeg4 ,pulsus
 eorum velox et inordinatus1 si mulier  
quam amat forte transeat4  #ebeh4 ,signa
 sunt cessatio ab omni opere insueto1   
privatio somni1 suspiria crebra1 rubor  
cum sit sermo de re amata1 et commotio  
pulsus4  #ebei4 ,si noscere vis an      

homines suspecti tales sint1 tangito    
eorum arterias4  #ebfj4 ,amor facit     
inaequales1 inordinatos4  #ebfa4 ,in    
nobilis cujusdam uxore quum subolfacerem
 adulteri amore fuisse correptam et quam
 maritus1 c4  #ebfb4 ,cepit illico      
pulsus variari et ferri celerius et sic 
inveni4  #ebfc4 ,eunuch1 act4 #b4 scen4 
#b4  #ebfd4 ,epist4 #g4 lib4 #b4 ,tener 
sudor et creber anhelitus1 palpitatio   
cordis1 c4  #ebfe4 ,lib4 #a4  #ebff4    
,lexoviensis episcopus4  #ebfg4         
,theodorus prodromus ,amaranto dial4    
,gaulimo interpret4  #ebfh4 ,petron4    
,catal4  #ebfi4 ,sed unum ego usque et  
unum ,petam a tuis labellis1 postque    
unum et unum et unum1 dari rogabo4      
,loecheus ,anacreon4  #ebgj4 ,jo4       
,secundus1 bas4 #g4  #ebga4 ,translated 
or imitated by ,m4 ,b4 ,johnson1 our    
arch poet1 in his #aai ep4  #ebgb4      
,lucret4 l4 #d4  #ebgc4 ,lucian4 dial4  
,tom4 #d4 ,merit1 sed et aperientes1 c4 
#ebgd4 ,epist4 #af4  #ebge4 ,deducto ore
 longo me basio demulcet4  #ebgf4 ,in   

deliciis mammas tuas tango1 c4  #ebgg4  
,terent4  #ebgh4 ,tom4 #d4 merit1 dial4 
#ebgi4 ,attente adeo in me aspexit1 et  
interdum ingemiscebat1 et lachrymabatur4
 ,et si quando bibens1 c4  #ebhj4       
,quique omnia cernere debes ,leucothoen 
spectas1 et virgine figis in una quos   
mundo debes oculos1 ,ovid4 ,met4 #d4    
#ebha4 ,lucian4 tom4 #c4 quoties ad     
cariam venis currum sistis1 et desuper  
aspectas4  #ebhb4 ,ex quo te primum vidi
 ,pythia alio oculos vertere non fuit4  
#ebhc4 ,lib4 #d4  #ebhd4 ,dial1 amorum4 
#ebhe4 ,ad occasum solis aegre domum    
rediens1 atque totum die ex adverso deae
 sedens recto1 in ipsam perpetuo        
oculorum ictus direxit1 c4  #ebhf4 ,lib4
 #c4  #ebhg4 ,regum palatium non tam    
diligenti custodia septum fuit1 ac aedes
 meas stipabant1 c4  #ebhh4 ,uno1 et    
eodem die sexties vel septies ambulant  
per eandem plateam ut vel unico amicae  
suae fruantur aspectu1 lib4 #c4 ,theat4 
,mundi4  #ebhi4 ,hor4  #ebij4 ,ovid4    
#ebia4 ,ovid4  #ebib4 ,hyginus1 fab4    

#ei4 ,eo die dicitur nonies ad littus   
currisse4  #ebic4 ,chaucer4  #ebid4     
,gen4 xxix4 #bj4  #ebie4 ,plautus       
,cistel4  #ebif4 ,stobaeus e ,graeco4   
,sweeter than honey it pleases me1 more 
bitter than gall1 it teases me4  #ebig4 
,plautus3 ,credo ego ad hominis         
carnificinam amorem inventum esse4      
#ebih4 ,de civitat4 lib4 #bb4 cap4 #bj4 
,ex eo oriuntur mordaces curae1         
perturbationes1 maerores1 formidines1   
insana gaudia1 discordiae1 lites1 bella1
 insidiae1 iracundiae1 inimicitiae1     
fallaciae1 adulatio1 fraus1 furtum1     
nequitia1 impudentia4  #ebii4 ,marullus1
 l4 #a4  #ecjj4 ,ter4 ,eunuch4  #ecja4  
,plautus ,mercat4  #ecjb4 ,ovid4  #ecjc4
 ,adelphi1 ,act4 #d4 scen4 #e4 ,m4 ,bono
 animo es1 duces uxorem hanc ,aeschines4
 ,ae4 ,hem4 pater1 num tu ludis me nunc8
 ,m4 ,egone te1 quamobrem8 ,ae4 ,quod   
tam misere cupio1 c4  #ecjd4 ,tom4 #d4  
dial4 amorum4  #ecje4 ,aristotle1 #b4   
,rhet4 puts love therefore in the       
irascible part4 ,ovid4  #ecjf4 ,ter4    

,eunuch4 ,act4 #a4 sc4 #b4  #ecjg4      
,plautus4  #ecjh4 ,tom4 #c4  #ecji4     
,scis quod posthac dicturus fuerim4     
#ecaj4 ,tom4 #d4 dial4 merit4 ,tryphena1
 amor me perdit1 neque malum hoc amplius
 sustinere possum4  #ecaa4              
,aristaenetus1 lib4 #b4 epist4 #h4      
#ecab4 ,coelestinae1 act #a4 ,sancti    
majora laetitia non fruuntur4 ,si mihi  
,deus omnium votorum mortalium summam   
concedat1 non magis1 c4  #ecac4         
,catullus de ,lesbia4  #ecad4 ,hor4 ode 
#i4 lib4 #c4  #ecae4 ,act4 #c4 scen4 #e4
 ,eunuch4 ,ter4  #ecaf4 ,act4 #e4 scen4 
#i4  #ecag4 ,mantuan4  #ecah4 ,ter4     
,adelph4 #c4 #d4  #ecai4 ,lib4 #a4 de   
contemn4 amoribus4 ,si quem alium       
respexerit amica suavius1 et            
familiarius1 si quem aloquuta fuerit1 si
 nutu1 nuncio1 c4 statim cruciatar4     
#ecbj4 ,calisto in ,celestina4  #ecba4  
,pornodidasc4 dial4 ,ital4 ,patre et    
matre se singultu orbos censebant1 quod 
meo contubernio carendum esset4  #ecbb4 
,ter4 tui carendum quod erat4  #ecbc4   

,si responsum esset dominam occupatam   
esse aliisque vacaret1 ille statim vix  
hoc audito velut in amor obriguit1 alii 
se damnare1 c4 at cui favebam1 in campis
 ,elysiis esse videbatur1 c4  #ecbd4    
,mantuan4  #ecbe4 ,laecheus4  #ecbf4    
,sole se occultante1 aut tempestate     
veniente1 statim clauditur ac           
languescit4  #ecbg4 ,emblem1 amat4 #ac4 
#ecbh4 ,calisto de ,melebaea4  #ecbi4   
,anima non est ubi animat1 sed ubi amat4
  #eccj4 ,celestine1 act4 #a4 credo in  
,melebaeam1 c4  #ecca4 ,ter4 ,eunuch1   
act4 #a4 sc4 #b4  #eccb4 ,virg4 #d4     
,aen4  #eccc4 ,interdiu oculi1 et aures 
occupatae distrahunt animum1 at noctu   
solus jactor1 ad auroram somnus paulum  
misertus1 nec tamen ex animo puella     
abiit1 sed omnia mihi de ,leucippe      
somnia erant4  #eccd4 ,tota hac nocte   
somnum hisce oculis non vidi4 ,ter4     
#ecce4 ,buchanan4 syl4  #eccf4 ,aen4    
,sylv4 ,te dies1 noctesque amo1 te      
cogito1 te desidero1 te voco1 te        
expecto1 te spero1 tecum oblecto me1    

totus in te sum4  #eccg4 ,hor4 lib4 #b4 
ode #i4  #ecch4 ,petronius4  #ecci4     
,tibullus1 l4 #c4 ,eleg4 #c4  #ecdj4    
,ovid4 ,fast4 #b4 ver4 #gge4 ,although  
the presence of her fair form is        
wanting1 the love which it kindled      
remains4  #ecda4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #d4       
#ecdb4 ,de ,pythonissa4  #ecdc4 ,juno1  
nec ira deum tantum1 nec tela1 nec      
hostis1 quantum tute potis animis       
illapsus4 ,silius ,ital4 #ae4 bel4      
,punic4 de amore4  #ecdd4 ,philostratus 
vita ejus4 ,maximum tormentum quod      
excogitare1 vel docere te possum1 est   
ipse amor4  #ecde4 ,ausonius c4 #ce4    
#ecdf4 ,et caeco carpitur igne2 et mihi 
sese offert ultra meus ignis ,amyntas4  
#ecdg4 ,ter4 ,eunuc4  #ecdh4 ,sen4      
,hippol4  #ecdi4 ,theocritus1 edyl4 #b4 
,levibus cor est violabile telis4       
#ecej4 ,ignis tangentes solum urit1 at  
forma procul astantes inflammat4  #ecea4
 ,nonius4  #eceb4 ,major illa flamma    
quae consumit unam animam1 quam quae    
centum millia corporum4  #ecec4 ,mant4  

egl4 #b4  #eced4 ,marullus ,epig4 lib4  
#a4  #ecee4 ,imagines deorum4  #ecef4   
,ovid4  #eceg4 ,aeneid4 #d4  #eceh4     
,seneca4  #ecei4 ,cor totum combustum1  
jecur suffumigatum1 pulmo arefactus1 ut 
credam miseram illam animam bis elixam  
aut combustam1 ob maximum ardorem quem  
patiuntur ob ignem amoris4  #ecfj4      
,embl4 ,amat4 #d4 et #e4  #ecfa4        
,grotius4  #ecfb4 ,lib4 #d4 nam istius  
amoris neque principia1 neque media     
aliud habent quid1 quam molestias1      
dolores1 cruciatus1 defatigationes1 adeo
 ut miserum esse maerore1 gemitu1       
solitudine torqueri1 mortem optare4     
semperque debacchari1 sint certa        
amantium signa et certae actiones4      
#ecfc4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #d4 ,the works are  
interrupted1 promises of great walls1   
and scaffoldings rising towards the     
skies1 are all suspended4  #ecfd4       
,seneca ,hip4 act4 ,the shuttle stops1  
and the web hangs unfinished from her   
hands4  #ecfe4 ,eclog4 #a4 ,no rest1 no 
business pleased my lovesick breast1 my 

faculties became dormant1 my mind       
torpid1 and ,i lost my taste for poetry 
and song4  #ecff4 ,edyl4 #ad4  #ecfg4   
,mant4 ,eclog4  #ecfh4 ,ter4 ,eunuch4   
#ecfi4 ,ov4 ,met4 de ,polyphemo3 uritur 
oblitus pecorum1 antrorumque suorum2    
jamque tibi formae1 c4  #ecgj4 ,qui     
quaeso8 ,amo4  #ecga4 ,ter4 ,eunuch4    
#ecgb4 ,qui olim cogitabat quae vellet1 
et pulcherrimis philosophiae praeceptis 
operam insumpsit1 qui universi          
circuitiones coelique naturam1 c4 ,hanc 
unam intendit operam1 de sola cogitat1  
noctes et dies se componit ad hanc1 et  
ad acerbam servitutem redactus animus1  
c4  #ecgc4 ,pars epitaphii ejus4  #ecgd4
 ,epist4 prima4  #ecge4 ,boethius l4 #c 
,met4 ult4  #ecgf4 ,epist4 lib4 #f4     
,valeat pudor1 valeat honestas1 valeat  
honor4  #ecgg4 ,theodor4 prodromus1 lib4
 #c4 ,amor ,mystili genibus ovolutis1   
ubertemque lachrimas1 c4 ,nihil ex tota 
praeda praeter ,rhodanthem virginem     
accipiam4  #ecgh4 ,lib4 #b4 ,certe vix  
credam1 et bona fide fateare ,aratine1  

te no amasse adeo vehementer2 si enim   
vere amasses1 nihil prius aut potius    
optasses1 quam amatae mulieri placere4  
,ea enim amoris lex est idem velle et   
nolle4  #ecgi4 ,stroza1 sil4 ,epig4     
#echj4 ,quippe haec omnia ex atra bile  
et amore proveniunt4 ,jason ,pratensis4 
#echa4 ,immense amor ipse stultitia est4
 ,carda1 lib4 #a4 de sapientia4  #echb4 
,mantuan4 ,whoever is in love is in     
slavery1 he follows his sweetheart as a 
captive his captor1 and wears a yoke on 
his sumbissibe neck4  #echc4 ,virg4     
,aen4 #d4 ,she began to speak but       
stopped in the middle of her discourse4 
#echd4 ,seneca1 ,hippol4 ,what reason   
requires1 raging love forbids4  #eche4  
,met4 #aj4  #echf4 ,buchanan4 ,oh fraud1
 and love1 and distraction of mind1     
whither have you led me8  #echg4 ,an    
immodest woman is like a bear4  #echh4  
,feram induit cum rosas comedat1 idem ad
 se redeat4  #echi4 ,alciatus de upupa  
,embl4 ,animal immundum upupa stercora  
amans2 ave hac nihil foedius1 nihil     

libidinosius4 ,sabin in ,ovid4 ,met4    
#ecij4 is like a false glass1 which     
represents everything fairer than it is4
  #ecia4 ,hor4 ser4 lib4 sat4 l4 #c4    
,these very things please him1 as the   
wen of ,agna did ,balbinus4  #ecib4 ,the
 daughter and heir of ,carolus ,pugnax4 
#ecic4 ,seneca in ,octavia4 ,her beauty 
excels the ,tyndarian ,helen's1 which   
caused such dreadful wars4  #ecid4      
,loecheus4  #ecie4 ,mantuan1 ,egl #a4   
#ecif4 ,angerianus4  #ecig4 ,faerie     
,queene1 ,cant4 lyr4 #d4  #ecih4 ,epist4
 #ab4 ,quis unquam formas vidit         
orientis1 quis occidentis1 veniant      
undique omnes1 et dicant veraces an tam 
insignem viderint formam4  #ecii4 ,nulla
 vox formam ejus possit comprehendere4  
#edjj4 ,caleagnini dit4 ,galat4  #edja4 
,catullus4  #edjb4 ,petronii ,catalect4 
#edjc4 ,chaucer1 in the ,knight's ,tale4
  #edjd4 ,ovid1 ,met4 #ac4  #edje4 ,it  
is envy evidently that prompts you1     
because ,polyphemus does not love you as
 he does me4  #edjf4 ,plutarch4 sibi    

dixit tam pulchram non videri1 c4       
#edjg4 ,quanto quam ,lucifer aurea      
,phoebe1 tanto virginibus conspectior   
omnibus ,herce4 ,ovid4  #edjh4 ,m4 ,d4  
,son4 #cj4  #edji4 ,martial41 l4 #e4    
,epig4 #ch4  #edaj4 ,ariosto4  #edaa4   
,tully lib4 #a4 de nat4 deor4 pulchrior 
deo1 et tamen erat oculis               
perversissimis4  #edab4 ,marullus ad    
,neaeram epig4 #a4 lib4  #edac4         
,barthius4  #edad4 ,ariosto1 lib4 #bi4  
hist4 #h4  #edae4 ,tibulius4  #edaf4    
,marul4 lib4 #b4  #edag4 ,tibullus l4   
#d4 de ,sulpicia4  #edah4 ,aristenaetus1
 ,epist4 #a4  #edai4 ,epist4 #bd4 veni  
cito charissime ,lycia1 cito veni2 prae 
te ,satyri omnes videntur non homines1  
nullo loco solus es1 c4  #edbj4 ,lib4   
#c4 de aulico1 alterius affectui se     
totum componit1 totus placere studet1 et
 ipsius animam amatae pedisequam facit4 
#edba4 ,cyropaed4 l4 #e4 amor servitus1 
et qui amant optat se liberari non secus
 ac alio quovis morbo1 neque liberari   
tamen possunt1 sed validiori necessitate

 ligati sunt quam si in ferrea vincula  
confectiforent4  #edbb4 ,in paradoxis1  
,an ille mihi liber videtur cui mulier  
imperat8 ,cui leges imponit1            
praescribit1 jubet1 vetat quod videtur4 
,qui nihil imperanti negat1 nihil audet1
 c4 poscit8 dandum2 vocat8 veniendum2   
minatur8 extimiscendum4  #edbc4 ,illane 
parva est servitus amatorum singulis    
fere horis pectine capillum1            
calimistroque barbam componere1 faciem  
aquis redolentibus diluere1 c4  #edbd4  
,si quando in pavimentum incautius quid 
mihi excidisset1 elevare inde quam      
promptissime1 nec nisi osculo compacto  
mihi commendare1 c4  #edbe4 ,nor will   
the rude rocks affright1 me1 nor the    
crooked-tusked bear1 so that ,i shall   
not visit my mistress in pleasant mood4 
#edbf4 ,plutarchus amat4 dial4  #edbg4  
,lib4 #a4 de contem4 amor4 quid referam 
eorum pericula et clades1 qui in        
amicarum aedes per fenestras ingressi   
stillicidiaque egressi indeque          
deturbati1 sed aut praecipites1 membra  

frangunt1 collidunt1 aut animam         
amittunt4  #edbh4 ,ter4 ,eunuch4 ,act4  
#e4 ,scen4 #h4  #edbi4 ,paratus sum ad  
obeundum mortem1 si tu jubeas2 hanc     
sitim aestuantis seda1 quam tuum sidus  
perdidit1 aquae et fontes non negant1 c4
  #edcj4 ,si occidere placet1 ferrum    
meum vides1 si verberibus contenta es1  
curro nudus ad poenam4  #edca4 ,act4    
#ae4 #ah4 ,impera mihi2 occidam decem   
viros1 c4  #edcb4 ,gasper ,ens4 puellam 
misere deperiens1 per jocum ab ea in    
,padum desilire jussus statim e ponte se
 praecipitavit4 ,alius ,ficino insano   
amore ardens ab amica jussus se         
suspendere1 illico fecit4  #edcc4       
,intelligo pecuniam rem esse            
jucundissimam1 meam tamen libentius     
darem ,cliniae quam ab aliis acciperem2 
libentius huic servirem1 quam aliis     
imperarem1 c4 ,noctem et somnum accuso1 
quod illum non videam1 luci autem et    
soli gratiam habeo quod mihi ,cliniam   
ostendant4 ,ego etiam cum ,clinia in    
ignem currerem2 et scio vos quoque mecum

 ingressuros si videretis4  #edcd4      
,impera quidvis2 navigare jube1 navem   
conscendo2 plagas accipere1 plector2    
animum profundere1 in ignem currere1 non
 recuso1 lubens facio4  #edce4 ,seneca  
in ,hipp4 act4 #b4  #edcf4 ,hujus ero   
vivus1 mortuus hujus ero4 ,propert4 lib4
 #b4 vivam si vivat2 si cadat illa1     
cadam1 ,id4  #edcg4 ,dial4 ,amorum4     
,mihi o dii coelestes ultra sit vita    
haec perpetua ex adverso amicae sedere1 
et suave loquentem audire1 c4 si        
moriatur1 vivere non sustinebo1 et idem 
erit se pulchrum utrisque4  #edch4      
,buchanan4 ,when she dies my love shall 
also be at rest in the tomb4  #edci4    
,epist4 #ba4 ,sit hoc votum a diis amare
 ,delphidem1 ab ea amari1 adloqui       
pulchram et loquentem audire4  #eddj4   
,hor4  #edda4 ,mart4  #eddb4 ,lege      
,calimitates ,pet4 ,abelhardi ,epist4   
prima4  #eddc4 ,ariosto4  #eddd4        
,chaucer1 in the ,knight's ,tale4       
#edde4 ,theodorus prodromus1 ,amorum    
lib4 #f4 ,interpret4 ,gaulmino4  #eddf4 

,ovid4 #aj4 ,met4 ,higinius1 c4 #ahe4   
#eddg4 ,ariost4 lib4 #a4 ,cant4 #a4     
staff4 #e4  #eddh4 ,plut4 dial4 amor4   
#eddi4 ,faerie ,queene1 cant4 #a4 lib4  
#d4 et cant4 #c4 lib4 #d4  #edej4 ,dum  
cassis pertusa1 ensis instar ,serrae    
excisus1 scutum1 c4 ,barthius           
,caelestina4  #edea4 ,lesbia sex        
cyathis1 septem ,justina bibatur4       
#edeb4 ,as ,xanthus for the love of     
,eurippe1 omnem ,europam peragravit4    
,parthenius ,erot cap4 #h4  #edec4      
,beroaldus e ,bocatio4  #eded4 ,epist4  
#ag4 l4 #b4  #edee4 ,lucretius4 ,for if 
the object of your love be absent1 her  
image is present1 and her sweet name is 
still familiar in my ears4  #edef4      
,aeneas ,sylvius1 ,lucretie quum accepit
 ,euriali literas hilaris statim        
milliesqua papirum basiavit4  #edeg4    
,mediis inseruit papillis litteram ejus1
 mille prius pangens suavia4 ,arist4 #b4
 epist4 #ac4  #edeh4 ,plautus ,asinar4  
#edei4 ,hor4 ,some token snatched from  
her arm or her gently resisting finger4 

#edfj4 ,illa domi sedens imaginem ejus  
fixis oculis assidue conspicata4  #edfa4
 ,and distracted will imprint kisses on 
the doors4  #edfb4 ,buchanan ,sylva4    
#edfc4 ,fracastorius ,naugerio4 ,ye     
alpine winds1 ye mountain breezes1 bear 
these gifts to her4  #edfd4 ,happy      
servants that serve her1 happy men that 
are in her company4  #edfe4 ,non ipsos  
solum sed ipsorum memoriam amant4       
,lucian4  #edff4 ,epist4 ,o ter felix   
solum6 beatus ego1 si me calcaveris2    
vultus tuus amnes sistere potest1 c4    
#edfg4 ,idem epist4 in prato cum sit    
flores superat2 illi pulchri sed unius  
tantum diei2 fluvius gratis sed         
evanescit2 at tuus fluvius mari major4  
,si coelum aspicio1 solem exis timo     
cecidisse1 et in terra ambulare1 c4     
#edfh4 ,si civitate egrederis1 sequentur
 te dii custodes1 spectaculo commoti2 si
 naviges sequentur2 quis fluvius salum  
tuum non rigaret8  #edfi4 ,el4 #ae4 #b4 
#edgj4 ,oh1 if ,i might only dally with 
thee1 and alleviate the wasting sorrows 

of my mind4  #edga4 ,carm4 #cj4  #edgb4 
,englished by ,m4 ,b4 ,holliday1 in his 
,technog4 act #a4 scen4 #g4  #edgc4     
,ovid4 ,met4 lib4 #d4  #edgd4 ,xenophon 
,cyropaed4 lib4 #e4  #edge4 ,plautus de 
milite4  #edgf4 ,lucian4  #edgg4 ,e     
,graeco ,ruf4  #edgh4 ,petronius4       
#edgi4 ,he is happy who sees thee1 more 
happy who hears1 a god who enjoys thee4 
#edhj4 ,lod4 ,vertomannus navig4 lib4   
#b4 c4 #e4 ,o deus1 hunc creasti sole   
candidiorem1 e diverso me et conjugem   
meum et natos meos omnes nigricantes4   
,utinam hic1 c4 ,ibit ,gazella1 ,tegeia1
 ,galzerana1 et promissis oneravit1 et  
donis4 c4  #edha4 ,m4 ,d4  #edhb4 ,hor4 
,ode #i4 lib4 #c4  #edhc4 ,ov4 ,met4    
#aj4  #edhd4 ,buchanan4 ,hendecasyl4    
#edhe4 ,petrarch4  #edhf4 ,cardan1 lib4 
#b4 de sap ex vilibus generosos efficere
 solet1 ex timidis audaces1 ex avaris   
splendidos1 ex agrestibus civiles1 ex   
crudelibus mansuetos1 ex impiis         
religiosos1 ex sordidis nitidos atque   
cultos1 ex duris misericordes1 ex mutis 

eloquentes4  #edhg4 ,anima hominis amore
 capti tota referta suffitibus et       
odoribus3 ,paeanes resonat1 c4  #edhh4  
,ovid4  #edhi4 ,in convivio1 amor       
,veneris ,martem detinet1 et fortem     
facit2 adolescentem maxime erubescere   
cernimus quum amatrixeum eum turpe quid 
committentem ostendit4  #edij4          
,plutarch4 ,amator4 dial4  #edia4 ,si   
quo pacto fieri civitas aut exercitus   
posset partim ex his qui amant1 partim  
ex his1 c4  #edib4 ,angerianus4  #edic4 
,faerie ,qu4 lib4 #d4 cant4 #b4  #edid4 
,zened4 proverb4 cont4 #f4  #edie4      
,plat4 conviv4  #edif4 ,lib4 #c4 de     
,aulico4 ,non dubito quin is qui talem  
exercitum haberet1 totius orbis statim  
victor esset1 nisi forte cum aliquo     
exercitu confligendum esset in quo omnes
 amatores essent4  #edig4 ,higinus de   
cane et lepore coelesti1 et decimator4  
#edih4 ,vix dici potest quantam inde    
audaciam assumerent ,hispani1 inde pauci
 infinitas ,maurorum copias superarunt4 
#edii4 ,lib4 #e4 de legibus4  #eejj4    

,spenser's ,faerie ,queene1 #c4 book4   
cant4 #h4  #eeja4 ,hyginus1 l4 #b4 ,for 
love both inspires us with stratagems1  
and suggests to us frauds4  #eejb4      
,aratus in phaenom4  #eejc4 ,virg4 ,who 
can deceive a lover4  #eejd4 ,hanc ubi  
conspicatus est ,cymon1 baculo innixus1 
immobilis stetit1 et mirabundus1 c4     
#eeje4 ,plautus ,casina1 act4 #b4 sc4   
#d4  #eejf4 ,plautus4  #eejg4 ,ovid4    
,met4 #b4  #eejh4 ,ovid4 ,met4 #d4      
#eeji4 ,virg4 #a4 ,aen4 ,he resembled a 
god as to his head and shoulders1 for   
his mother had made his hair seem       
beautiful1 bestowed upon him the lovely 
bloom of youth1 and given the happiest  
lustre to his eyes4  #eeaj4 ,ovid4 ,met4
 #ac4  #eeaa4 ,virg4 ,e4 l4 #b4 ,i am   
not so deformed1 ,i lately saw myself in
 the tranquil glassy sea1 as ,i stood   
upon the shore4  #eeab4 ,epist4 ,an uxor
 literato sit ducenda4 ,noctes insomnes 
traducendae1 literis renunciandum1 saepe
 gemendum1 nonnunquam et illacrymandum  
sorti et conditioni tuae4 ,videndum quae

 vestes1 quis cultus1 te deceat1 quis in
 usu sit1 utrum latus barbae1 c4 ,cum   
cura loquendum1 incedendum1 bibendum et 
cum cura insaniendum4  #eeac4 ,mart4    
,epig4 #e4  #eead4 ,chil4 #d4 cent4 #e4 
pro4 #af4  #eeae4 ,martianus4 ,capella  
lib4 #a4 de nupt4 philol4 ,jam4 ,illum  
sentio amore teneri1 ejusque studio     
plures habere comparatas in famultio    
disciplinas1 c4  #eeaf4 ,lib4 #c4 de    
aulico4 ,quis choreis insudaret1 nisi   
foeminarum causa8 ,quis musicae tantam  
navaret operam nisi quod illius         
dulcedine permulcere speret8 ,quis tot  
carmina componeret1 nisi ut inde        
affectus suos in mulieres explicaret8   
#eeag4 ,craterem nectaris evertit       
saltans apud ,deos1 qui in terram       
cadens1 rosam prius albam rubore        
infecit4  #eeah4 ,puellas choreantes    
circa juvenilem ,cupidinis statuam      
fecit4 ,philostrat4 ,imag4 lib4 #c4 de  
statuis4 ,exercitium amori aptissimum4  
#eeai4 ,lib4 #f4 ,met4  #eebj4 ,tom4 #d4
  #eeba4 ,kornman de cur4 mort4 part4 #e

 cap4 #bh4 ,sat4 puellae dormienti      
insultantium1 c4  #eebb4 ,view of ,fr4  
#eebc4 ,vita ejus ,puellae1 amore       
septuagenarius senex usque ad insaniam  
correptus1 multis liberis susceptis3    
multi non sine pudore conspexerunt senem
 et philosophum podagricium1 non sine   
risu saltantem ad tibiae modos4  #eebd4 
,anacreon4 ,carm4 #g4  #eebe4 ,joach4   
,bellius ,epig4 ,thus youth dies1 thus  
in death he loves4  #eebf4 ,de taciturno
 loquacem facit1 et de verecundo        
officiosum reddit1 de negligente        
industrium1 de socorde impigrum4  #eebg4
 ,josephus antiq4 ,jud4 lib4 #ah4 cap4  
#d4  #eebh4 ,gellius1 l4 #a4 cap4 #h4   
,pretium noctis centum sestertia4       
#eebi4 ,ipsi enim volunt suarum         
amasiarum pulchritudinis praeecones ac  
testes esse1 eas laudibus1 et cantilenis
 et versibus exonare1 ut auro statuas1  
ut memorentur1 et ab omnibus admirentur4
  #eecj4 ,tom4 #b4 ,ant4 ,dialogo4      
#eeca4 ,flores hist4 fol4 #bih4  #eecb4 
,per totum annum cantarunt1 pluvia super

 illos non cecidit2 non frigus1 non     
calor1 non sitis1 nec lassitudo illos   
affecit1 c4  #eecc4 ,his eorum nomina   
inscribuntur de quibus quaerunt4  #eecd4
 ,huic munditias1 ornatum1 leporem1     
delicias1 ludos1 elegantiam1 omnem      
denique vitae suavitatem debemus4       
#eece4 ,hyginus cap4 #bgb4  #eecf4 ,e   
,graeco4  #eecg4 ,angerianus4  #eech4   
,lib4 #d4 tit4 #aa4 de prin4 instit4    
#eeci4 ,plin4 lib4 #ce4 cap4 #ab4       
#eedj4 ,gerbelius1 l4 #f4 descript4 ,gr4
  #eeda4 ,fransus1 l4 #c4 de symbolis   
qui primus symbolum excogitavit voluit  
nimirum hac ratione implicatum animum   
evolvere1 eumque vel dominae vel aliis  
intuentibus ostendere4  #eedb4 ,lib4 #d4
 num4 #ajb4 ,sylvae nuptialis poetae non
 inveniunt fabulas1 aut versus laudatos 
faciunt1 nisi qui ab amore fuerint      
excitati4  #eedc4 ,martial1 ep4 #gc4    
lib4 #i4  #eedd4 ,virg4 ,eclog4 #d4     
,none shall excel me in poetry1 neither 
the ,thracian ,orpheus1 nor ,apollo4    
#eede4 ,teneris arboribus amicarum      

nomina inscribentes ut simul crescant4  
,haed4  #eedf4 ,s4 ,r4 #afjj4  #eedg4   
,lib4 #ac4 cap4 ,dipnosophist4  #eedh4  
,see ,putean4 epist4 #cc de sua         
,margareta ,beroaldus1 c4  #eedi4 ,hen4 
,steph4 apol4 pro ,herod4  #eeej4 ,tully
 orat4 #e4 ver4  #eeea4 ,esth4 v4       
#eeeb4 ,mat4 l4 #dg4  #eeec4            
,gravissimis regni negotiis nihil sine  
amasiae suae consensu fecit1 omnesque   
actiones suas scortillo communicavit1 c4
 ,nich4 ,bellus4 discours4 #bf4 de amat4
  #eeed4 ,amoris famulus omnem scientiam
 diffitetur1 amandi tamen se            
scientissimum doctorem agnoscit4  #eeee4
 ,serm4 #h4  #eeef4 ,quis horum scribere
 molestias potest1 nisi qui et is       
aliquantum insanit8  #eeeg4 ,lib4 #a4 de
 non temnendis amoribus2 opinor hac de  
re neminem aut desceptare recte posse   
aut judicare qui non in ea versatur1 aut
 magnum fecerit periculum4  #eeeh4 ,i am
 not in love1 nor do ,i know what love  
may be4  #eeei4 ,semper moritur1 nunquam
 mortuus est qui amat4 ,aen4 ,sylv4     

#eefj4 ,eurial4 ep4 ad ,lucretiam1 apud 
,aeneam ,sylvium2 ,rogas ut amare       
deficiam8 roga montes ut in planum      
deveniant1 ut fontes flumina repetant2  
tam possum te non amare ac suum ,phoebus
 relinquere cursum4  #eefa4 ,buchanan   
,syl4  #eefb4 ,propert4 lib4 #b4 eleg4  
#a4  #eefc4 ,est orcus illa vis1 est    
immedicabilis1 est rabies insana4       
#eefd4 ,lib4 #b4  #eefe4 ,virg4 ,ecl4   
#c4  #eeff4 ,r4 ,t4  #eefg4 ,qui quidem 
amor utrosque et totam ,egyptum extremis
 calamitatibus involvit4  #eefh4        
,plautus4  #eefi4 ,ut corpus pondere1   
sic animus amore praecipitatur4 ,austin4
 l4 #b4 de civ4 dei1 c4 #bh4  #eegj4    
,dial4 hinc oritur paenitentia          
desperatio1 et non vident ingenium se   
cum re simul amisisse4  #eega4 ,idem    
,savanarola1 et plures alii1 c4 ,rabidem
 facturus ,orexin4 ,juven4  #eegb4 ,cap4
 de ,heroico ,amore4 ,haec passio durans
 sanguinem torridum et atrabiliarum     
reddit2 ale vero ad cerebrum delatus1   
insaniam parat1 vigilia et crebro       

desiderio exsiccans4  #eegc4 ,virg4     
,egl4 #b4 ,oh ,corydon1 ,corydon6 what  
madness possesses you8  #eegd4 ,insani  
fiunt aut sibi ipsis desperantes mortem 
afferunt4 ,languentes cito mortem aut   
maniam patiuntur4  #eege4 ,calcagninus4 
#eegf4 ,lucian ,imag4 ,so for ,lucian's 
mistress1 all that saw her1 and could   
not enjoy her1 ran mad1 or hanged       
themselves4  #eegg4 ,musaeus4  #eegh4   
,ovid4 ,met4 #aj4 ,aeneas ,sylvius4 ,ad 
ejus decessum nunquam visa ,lucretia    
ridere1 nullis facetiis1 jocis1 nullo   
gaudio potuit ad laetitiam renovari1 mox
 in aegritudinem incidit1 et sic brevi  
contabuit4  #eegi4 ,anacreon4  #eehj4   
,but let me die1 she says1 thus2 thus it
 is better to descend to the shades4    
#eeha4 ,pausanias ,achaicis1 l4 #g4     
#eehb4 ,megarensis amore flagrans       
,lucian4 ,tom4 #d4  #eehc4 ,ovid4 #c4   
met4  #eehd4 ,furibundus putavit se     
videre imaginem puellae1 et coram loqui 
blandiens illi1 c4  #eehe4 ,juven4      
,hebreus4  #eehf4 ,juvenis ,medicinae   

operam dans doctoris filiam deperibat1  
c4  #eehg4 ,gotardus ,arthus            
,gallobelgicus1 nund4 vernal4 #afae4    
collum novacula aperuit3 et inde        
expiravit4  #eehh4 ,cum renuente parente
 utroque et ipsa virgine frui non       
posset1 ipsum et ipsam interfecit1 hoc a
 magistratu petens1 ut in eodem         
sepulchro sepeliri possent4  #eehi4     
,boccaccio4  #eeij4 ,sedes eorum qui pro
 amoris impatientia pereunt1 ,virg4 #f4 
,aenid4  #eeia4 ,whom cruel love with   
its wasting power destroyed4  #eeib4    
,and a myrtle grove overshadow thee2 nor
 do cares relinquish thee even in death 
itself4  #eeic4 ,sal4 ,val4  #eeid4     
,sabel4 lib4 #c4 ,en4 #f4  #eeie4       
,curtius1 lib4 #e4  #eeif4              
,chalcocondilas de reb4 ,tuscicis1 lib4 
#i4 ,nerei uxor ,athenarum domina1 c4   
#eeig4 ,nicephorus ,greg4 hist4 lib4 #h4
 ,uxorem occidit liberos et ,michaelem  
filium videre abhorruit4 ,thessalonicae 
amore captus pronotarii1 filiae1 c4     
#eeih4 ,parthenius ,erot4 lib4 cap4 #e4 

#eeii4 ,idem ca4 #ba4 ,gubernatoris alia
 ,achillis amore capta civitatem        
proditit4  #efjj4 ,idem4 cap4 #i4       
#efja4 ,virg4 ,aen #f4  #efjb4 ,otium   
naufragium castitatis4 ,austin4  #efjc4 
,buchanan4 ,hendeca syl4  #efjd4 ,ovid  
lib4 #a4 remed4 ,love yields to         
business2 be employed1 and you'll be    
safe4  #efje4 ,cap4 #af4 circares arduas
 exerceri4  #efjf4 ,part #b4 c4 #bc4    
reg4 ,san4 ,his1 praeter horam somni1   
nulla per otium transeat4  #efjg4 ,hor4 
lib4 ,i4 epist4 #b4  #efjh4 ,seneca4    
#efji4 ,poverty has not the means of    
feeding her passion4  #efaj4 ,tract4    
#af4 cap4 #ah4 saepe nuda carne cilicium
 portent tempore frigido sine caligis1  
et nudis pedibus incedant1 in pane et   
aqua jejunent1 saepius se verberbus     
caedant1 c4  #efaa4 ,daemonibus referta 
sunt corpora nostra1 illorum praecipue  
qui delicatis vescuntur eduliis1        
advolitant1 et corporibus inherent2 hanc
 ob rem jejunium impendio probatur ad   
pudicitiam4  #efab4 ,victus sit         

attenuatus1 balnei frequens usus et     
sudationes1 cold baths1 not hot1 saith  
,magninus1 part #c4 ca4 #bc4 to dive    
over head and ears in a cold river1 c4  
#efac4 ,ser4 de gula2 fames amica       
virginitati est1 inimica lasciviae3     
saturitas vero castitatem perdit1 et    
nutrit illecebras4  #efad4 ,vita        
,hilarionis1 lib4 #c4 epist4 cum        
tentasset eum daemon titillatione inter 
caetera1 ,ego inquit1 aselle1 ad corpus 
suum1 faciam1 c4  #efae4 ,strabo4 l4    
#ae4 ,geog4 sub pellibus1 cubant1 c4    
#efaf4 ,cup4 #b4 part4 #b4 ,si sit      
juvenis1 et non vult obedire1           
flagelletur frequenter et fortiter1 dum 
incipiat foetere4  #efag4 ,laertius1    
lib4 #f4 cap4 #e4 amori medetur fames2  
sin aliter1 tempus2 sin non hoc1        
laqueus4  #efah4 ,vina parant animos    
,veneri1 c4  #efai4 #c4 de ,legibus4    
#efbj4 ,non minus si vinum bibissent ac 
si adulterium admisissent1 ,gellius1    
lib4 #aj4 c4 #bc4  #efba4 ,rer4 ,sam4   
part4 #c4 cap4 #bc4 ,mirabilem vim      

habet4  #efbb4 ,cum muliere aliqua      
gratiosa saepe coire erit utilissimum4  
,idem ,laurentius1 cap4 #aa4  #efbc4    
,hor4  #efbd4 ,cap4 #bi4 de morb4 cereb4
  #efbe4 ,beroaldus orat4 de amore4     
#efbf4 ,amatori1 cujus est pro          
impotentia mens amota1 opus est ut      
paulatim animus velut a peregrinatione  
domum revocetur per musicam1 convivia1  
c4 ,per aucupium1 fabulas1 et festivas  
narrationes1 laborem usque ad sudorem1  
c4  #efbg4 ,caelestinae1 ,act4 #b       
,barthio interpret4  #efbh4 ,cap4 de    
,illishi4 ,multus hoc affectu sanat     
cantilena1 laetitia1 musica2 et quidam  
sunt quoshaec angent4  #efbi4 ,this     
author came to my hands since the third 
edition of this book4  #efcj4 ,cent4 #c 
curat4 #ef4 ,syrupo helleborato et aliis
 quae ad atram bilem pertinent4  #efca4 
,purgetur si ejus dispositio venerit ad 
adust1 humoris1 et phlebotomizetur4     
#efcb4 ,amantium morbus ut pruritus     
solvitur1 venae sectione et             
cucurbitulus4  #efcc4 ,cura a venae     

sectione per aures1 unde semper         
steriles4  #efcd4 ,seneca4  #efce4 ,cum 
in mulierem incident1 quae cum forma    
morum suavitatem conjunctam habet1 et   
jam oculos persenserit formae ad se     
imaginem cum aviditate quadam rapere cum
 eadem1 c4  #efcf4 #bc ,ovid1 de rem4   
lib4 #a4  #efcg4 ,aeneas ,silvius4      
#efch4 ,plautus gurcu4 ,remove and throw
 her quite out of doors1 she who has    
drank my lovesick blood4  #efci4 ,tom4  
#b4 lib4 #d4 cap4 #aj4 ,syntag4 med4    
arc4 ,mira4 vitentur oscula1 tactus     
sermo1 et scripta impudica1 literae1 c4 
#efdj4 ,lib4 de singul4 ,cler4  #efda4  
,tam admirabilem splendorem declinet1   
gratiam1 scintillas1 amabiles risus1    
gestus suavissimos1 c4  #efdb4 ,lipsius1
 hort4 leg4 lib4 #c4 antiq4 lec4  #efdc4
 ,lib4 #c4 de vit4 coelitus compar4 cap4
 #f4  #efdd4 ,lucretius4 ,it is best to 
shun the semblance and the food of love1
 to abstain from it1 and totally avert  
the mind from the object4  #efde4 ,lib4 
#c4 eleg4 #aj4  #efdf4 ,job xxxi4       

,pepigi foedus cum oculis meis ne       
cogitarem de virgine4  #efdg4 ,dial4 #c4
 de contemptu mundi2 nihil facilius     
recrudescit quam amor2 ut pompa visa    
renovat ambitionem1 auri species        
avaritiam1 spectata corporis forma      
incendit luxuriam4  #efdh4 ,seneca cont4
 lib4 #b4 cont4 #i4  #efdi4 ,ovid4      
#efej4 ,met4 #g4 ut solet a ventis      
alimenta resumere1 quaeque ,pavia sub   
inducta latuit scintilla favilla4       
,crescere et in veteres agitata         
resurgere flammas4  #efea4 ,eustathii l4
 #c4 aspectus amorem incendit1 ut       
marcescentem in palea ignem ventus2     
ardebam interea majore concepto         
incendio4  #efeb4 ,heliodorus1 l4 #d4   
inflammat mentem novus aspectus1 perinde
 ac ignis materiae admotus1 ,chariclia1 
c4  #efec4 ,epist4 #ae4 l4 #b4  #efed4  
,epist4 #d4 l4 #b4  #efee4 ,curtius1    
lib4 #c4 cum uxorem ,darii laudatam     
audivisset1 tantum cupiditati suae      
fraenum injecit1 ut illam vix vellet    
intueri4  #efef4 ,cyropaedia4 cum       

,pantheae forman evexisset ,araspus1    
tanto magis1 inquit ,cyrus abstinere    
oportet1 quanto pulchrior est4  #efeg4  
,livius1 cum eam regulo cuidam          
desponsaram audivisset muneribus        
cumulatam remisit4  #efeh4 ,ep4 #ci4    
lib4 #g4  #efei4 ,et ea loqui posset    
quae soli amatores loqui solent4  #effj4
 ,platonis ,convivio4  #effa4           
,heliodorus1 lib4 #d4 expertem esse     
amoris beatitudo est2 at quum captus    
sis1 ad moderationem revocare animum    
prudentia singularis4  #effb4           
,lucretius1 l4 #d4  #effc4 ,haedus1 lib4
 #a4 de amor4 contem4  #effd4 ,loci     
mutatione tanquam non convalescens      
curandus est4 cap4 #aa4  #effe4 ,fly the
 cherished shore4 ,it is advisable to   
withdraw from the places near it4       
#efff4 ,amorum1 l4 #b4 ,depart1 and take
 a long journey--safety is in flight    
only4  #effg4 ,quisquis amat1 loca nota 
nocent2 dies aegritudinem adimit1       
absentia delet4 ,ire licet procul hinc  
patriaeque relinquere fines4 ,ovid4     

#effh4 ,lib4 #c4 eleg4 #bj4  #effi4     
,lib4 #a4 ,socrat4 memor4 ,tibi ,o      
,critobule consulo ut integrum annum    
absis1 c4  #efgj4 ,proximum est ut      
esurias #b4 ut moram temporis opponas4  
#c4 et locum mutes4 #d4 ut de laqueo    
cogites4  #efga4 ,philostratus de vita  
,sophistratum4  #efgb4 ,virg1 #f4 ,aen4 
#efgc4 ,buchanan4  #efgd4 ,annuncientur 
valde tristia1 ut major tristitia possit
 minorem obfuscare4  #efge4 ,aut quod   
sit factus senescallus1 aut habeat      
honorem magnum4  #efgf4 ,adolescens     
,graecus erat in ,egypti coenobio qui   
nulla operis magnitudine1 nulla         
persuasione flammam poterat sedare3     
monasterii pater hac arte servavit4     
,imperat cuidam e sociis1 c4 ,flebat    
ille1 omnes adversabantur2 solus pater  
calide opponere1 ne abundantia          
tristitiae absorberetur1 quid multa8 hoc
 invento curatus est1 et a              
cogitationibus pristinis avocatus4      
#efgg4 ,tom4 #d4  #efgh4 ,ter4  #efgi4  
,hypatia ,alexandrina quendam se        

adamantem prolatis muliebribus pannis1  
et in cum conjectis ab amoris insania   
laboravit4 ,suidas et ,eunapius4  #efhj4
 ,savanarola1 reg4 #e4  #efha4 ,virg4   
,ecl4 #c ,you will easily find another  
if this ,alexis disdains you4  #efhb4   
,distributio amoris fiat in plures1 ad  
plures amicas animum applicet4  #efhc4  
,ovid4 ,i recommend you to have two     
mistresses4  #efhd4 ,higinus1 sab4 #dc4 
#efhe4 ,petronius4  #efhf4 ,lib4 de     
salt4  #efhg4 ,e theatro egressus       
hilaris1 ac si pharmacum oblivionis     
bibisset4  #efhh4 ,mus in cista natus1  
c4  #efhi4 ,in quem e specu subterraneo 
modicum lucis illabitur4  #efij4        
,deplorabant eorum miseriam qui         
subterraneis illis locis vitam degunt4  
#efia4 ,tatius lib4 #f4  #efib4         
,aristaenetus1 epist4 #d4  #efic4       
,calcaguin4 ,dial4 ,galat4 ,mox aliam   
praetulit1 aliam praelaturus quam primum
 occasio arriserit4  #efid4 ,epist4 lib4
 #b4 #af4 ,philosophi saeculi veterem   
amorem novo1 quasi clavum clavo         

repellere1 quod et ,assuero regi septem 
principes ,persarum fecere1 ut ,vastae  
reginae desiderium amore compensarent4  
#efie4 ,ovid4 ,one love extracts the    
influence of another4  #efif4 ,lugubri  
veste indutus2 consolationes non        
admisit1 donec ,caesar ex ducali        
sanguine1 formosam virginem matrimonio  
conjunxit4 ,aeneas ,sylvias hist4 de    
,euryalo et ,lucretia4  #efig4 ,ter4    
#efih4 ,virg4 ,ecl4 #b4 ,for what limit 
has love8  #efii4 ,lib4 de beat4 vit4   
cap4 #ad4  #egjj4 ,longo usu dicimus1   
longa desuetudine dediscendum est4      
,petrarch1 epist4 lib4 #e4 #h4  #egja4  
,tom4 #d4 dial4 meret4 ,fortusse etiam  
ipsa ad amorem istum connihil contulero4
  #egjb4 ,quid enim meretrix nisi       
juventutis expilatrix1 virorum rapina   
seu mors2 patrimonii devoratrix1 honoris
 pernicies1 pabulum diaboli1 janua      
mortis1 inferni supplementum8  #egjc4   
,sanguinem hominum sorbent4  #egjd4     
,contemplatione ,idiotae1 c4 #cd4       
discrimen vitae1 mors blanda1 mel       

sclleum1 dulce venenum1 pernicies       
delicata1 mallum spontaneum1 c4  #egje4 
,pornodidasc4 dial4 ,ital4 gula1 ira1   
invidia1 superbia1 sacritegia1          
latrocinia1 caedes1 eo die nata sunt1   
quo primum meretrix professionem fecit4 
,superbia major quam opulenti rustici1  
invidia quam luis venerae inimicitia    
nocentior melancholia1 avaritia in      
immensum profunda4  #egjf4 ,qualis extra
 sum vides1 qualis intra novit ,deus4   
#egjg4 ,virg4 ,he calls ,mnestheus1     
,surgestus1 and the brave ,cloanthus1   
and orders them silently to prepare the 
fleet4  #egjh4 ,he is moved by no tears1
 he cannot he induced to hear her words4
  #egji4 ,tom4 #b4 in votis4 ,caivus cum
 sis1 nasum habeas simum1 c4  #egaj4    
,petronius4  #egaa4 ,ovid4  #egab4 ,in  
,catarticis1 lib4 #b4  #egac4 ,si       
ferveat deformis1 ecce formosa est2 si  
frigeat formosa1 jam sis informis4 ,th4 
,morus ,epigram4  #egad4 ,amorum dial4  
tom4 #d4 si quis ad auroram contempletur
 multas mulieres a nocte lecto          

surgentes1 turpiores putabit esse       
bestiis4  #egae4 ,hugo de claustro      
,animae1 lib4 #a4 c4 #a4 ,if you quietly
 reflect upon what passes through her   
mouth1 nostrils1 and other conduits of  
her body1 you never saw viler stuff4    
#egaf4 ,hist4 nat4 #aa4 cap4 #ce4 ,a fly
 that hath golden wings but a poisoned  
body4  #egag4 ,buchanan1 ,hendecasyl4   
#egah4 ,apol4 pro ,rem4 ,seb4  #egai4 #f
 ,ovid4 #b4 rem4  #egbj4 ,post unam     
noctem incertum unde offensam cepit     
propter foetentem ejus spiritum alii    
dicunt1 vel latentem foeditatem         
repudiavit1 rem faciens plane illicitam1
 et regiae personae multum indecoram4   
#egba4 ,hall and ,grafton belike4       
#egbb4 ,juvenal4 ,when the wrinkled skin
 becomes flabby1 and the teeth black4   
#egbc4 ,mart4  #egbd4 ,tully in ,cat4   
,because wrinkles and hoary locks       
disfigure you4  #egbe4 ,hor4 ode4 #ac4  
lib4 #d4  #egbf4 ,locheus4 ,beautiful   
cheeks1 rosy lips1 and languishing eyes4
  #egbg4 ,qualis fuit ,venus cum fuit   

virgo1 balsamum spirans1 c4  #egbh4     
,seneca4  #egbi4 ,seneca ,hyp4 ,beauty  
is a gift of dubious worth to mortals1  
and of brief duration4  #egcj4          
,camerarius1 emb4 #fh4 cent4 #a4 flos   
omnium pulcherrimus statim languescit1  
formae typus4  #egca4 ,bernar4          
,bauhusius ,ep4 l4 #d4  #egcb4          
,pausanias ,lacon4 lib4 #c4 uxorem duxit
 ,spartae mulierum omnium post ,helenam 
formosissimam1 at ob mores omnium       
turpissimam4  #egcc4 ,epist4 #gf4       
gladium bonum dices1 non cui deauratus  
est baltheus1 nec cui vagina gemmis     
distinguitur1 sed cui ad secandum       
subtilis acies et mucro munimentum omne 
rupturus4  #egcd4 ,pulchritudo corporis1
 temporis et fugacior ludibrium4 orat4  
#b4  #egce4 ,florum mutabilitate        
fugacior1 nec sua natura formosas facit1
 sed spectantium infirmitas4  #egcf4    
,epist4 #aa4 ,quem ego depereo juvenis  
mihi pulcherimus videtur2 sed forsan    
amore percita de amore non recte judico4
  #egcg4 ,luc4 ,brugensis4 ,bright eyes 

and snow-white neck4  #egch4 ,idem4 ,let
 my ,melita's eyes be like ,juno's1 her 
hand ,minerva's1 her breasts ,venus'1   
her leg ,ampbitiles'4  #egci4 ,bebelius 
adagiis ,ger4  #egdj4 ,petron4 ,cat4    
,let her eyes be as bright as the stars1
 her neck smell like the rose1 her hair 
shine more than gold1 her honied lips be
 ruby coloured2 let her beauty be       
resplendent1 and superior to ,venus1 let
 her be in all respects a deity1 c4     
#egda4 ,m4 ,drayton4  #egdb4 ,senec4    
act4 #b4 ,herc4 ,oeteus4  #egdc4 ,vides 
venustam mulierem1 fulgidum habentem    
oculum1 vultu hilari coruscantem1       
eximium quendam aspectum et decorem     
praese ferentem1 urentem mentem tuam1 et
 concupiscentiam agentem2 cogita terram 
esse id quod amas1 et quod admiraris    
stercus1 et quod te urit1 c41 cogita    
illam jam senescere jam rugosam cavis   
genis1 aegrotam2 tantis sordibus intus  
plena est1 pituita1 stercore2 reputa    
quid intra nares1 oculos1 cerebrum      
gestat1 quas sordes1 c4  #egdd4 ,subtil4

 #ac4  #egde4 ,cardan1 subtil4 lib4 #ac4
  #egdf4 ,show me your company and ,i'll
 tell you who you are4  #egdg4 ,hark1   
you merry maids1 do not dance so1 for   
see the he-goat is at hand1 ready to    
pounce upon you4  #egdh4 ,lib4 de centum
 amoribus1 earum mendas volvant animo1  
saepe ante oculos constituant1 saepe    
damnent4  #egdi4 ,in deliciis4  #egej4  
,quum amator annulum se amicae optaret1 
ut ejus amplexu frui posset1 c4 ,o te   
miserum ait annulus1 si meas vices      
obires1 videres1 audires1 c4 nihil non  
odio dignimi observares4  #egea4        
,laedieus4 ,snares of the human species1
 torments of life1 spoils of the night1 
bitterest cares of day1 the torture of  
husbands1 the ruin of youths4  #egeb4   
,see our ,english ,tatius1 lib4 #a4     
#egec4 ,chaucer1 in ,romaunt of the     
,rose4  #eged4 ,qui se facilem in amore 
probarit1 hanc succendito4 ,at qui      
succendat1 ad hunc diem repertus nemo4  
,calcagninus4  #egee4 ,ariosto4  #egef4 
,hor4  #egeg4 ,christoph4 ,fonseca4     

#egeh4 ,encom4 ,demonthen4  #egei4      
,febris hectica uxor1 et non nisi morte 
avellenda4  #egfj4 ,synesius1 libros ego
 liberos genui ,lipsius antiq4 ,lect4   
lib4  #egfa4 ,avaunt1 ye nymphs1        
maidens1 ye are a deceitful race1 no    
married life for me1 c4  #egfb4 ,plautus
 ,asin4 act4 #a4  #egfc4 ,senec4 in     
,hercul4  #egfd4 ,seneca4  #egfe4       
,amator4 ,emblem4  #egff4 ,de rebus     
,hibernicis l4 #c4  #egfg4 ,gemmea      
pocula1 argentea vasa1 caelata          
candelabra1 aurea4 c4 ,conchileata      
aulaea1 buccinarum clangorem1 tibiarum  
cantnum1 et symphoniae suavitatem1      
majestatemque principis coronati cum    
vidissent sella deaurata c4  #egfh4     
,eubulus in ,crisil4 ,athenaeus         
dypnosophist1 l4 #ac4 c4 #c4  #egfi4    
,translated by my brother1 ,ralph       
,burton4  #eggj4 ,juvenal4 ,who thrusts 
his foolish neck a second time into the 
halter4  #egga4 ,haec in speciem dicta  
cave ut credas4  #eggb4 ,bachelors      
always are the bravest men4 ,bacon4     

,seek eternity in memory1 not in        
posterity1 like ,epaminondas1 that      
instead of children1 left two great     
victories behind him1 which he called   
his two daughters4  #eggc4 ,ecclus4     
xxviii4 #a4  #eggd4 ,euripides          
,andromach4  #egge4 ,aelius ,verus      
imperator4 ,spar4 vit4 ejus4  #eggf4    
,hor4  #eggg4 ,quod licet1 ingratum est4
  #eggh4 ,for better for worse1 for     
richer for poorer1 in sickness and in   
health1 c4  #eggi4 ,ter4 act4 #a ,sc4   
#b4 ,eunuch4  #eghj4 ,lucian4 tom4 #d4  
neque cum una aliqua rem habere         
contentus forem4  #egha4 ,juvenal4      
#eghb4 ,lib4 #bh4  #eghc4 ,camerar4 #hb4
 cent4 #c4  #eghd4 ,simonides4  #eghe4  
,children make misfortunes more bitter4 
,bacon4  #eghf4 ,she will sink your     
whole establishment by her fecundity4   
#eghg4 ,heinsius4 ,epist4 ,primiero4    
,nihil miserius quam procreare liberos  
ad quos nihil ex haereditate tua        
pervenire videas praeter famem et sitim4
  #eghh4 ,chrys4 ,fonseca4  #eghi4      

,liberi sibi carcinomata4  #egij4       
,melius fuerat eos sine liberis         
discessisse4  #egia4 ,lemnius1 cap4 #f4 
lib4 #a4 ,si morosa1 si non in omnibus  
obsequaris1 omnia impacata in aedibus1  
omnia sursum misceri videas1 multae     
tempestates1 c4 ,lib4 #b4 numer4 #aja4  
sil4 nup4  #egib4 ,juvenal4 ,i would    
rather have a ,venusinian wench than    
thee1 ,cornelia1 mother of the ,gracchi1
 c4  #egic4 ,tom4 #d4 ,amores1 omnem    
mariti opulentiam profundet1 totam      
,arabiam capillis redolens4  #egid4     
,idem1 et quis sanae mentis sustinere   
queat1 c4  #egie4 ,subegit ancillas quod
 uxor ejus deformior esset4  #egif4     
,perhaps she will not suit you4  #egig4 
,sil4 nup4 l4 #b4 num4 #be4 ,dives      
inducit tempestatem1 pauper curam2      
ducens viduam se inducit in laqueum4    
#egih4 ,sic quisque dicit1 alteram ducit
 tamen ,who can endure a virago for a   
wife8  #egii4 ,si dotata erit1          
imperiosa1 continuoque viro inequitare  
conabitur4 ,petrarch4  #ehjj4 ,if a     

woman nourish her husband1 she is angry 
and impudent1 and full of reproach4     
,eccles4 xxv4 #bb4 ,scilicet uxori      
nubere nolo meae4  #ehja4 ,plautus ,mil4
 ,glor4 act4 #c4 sc4 #a4 ,to be a father
 is very pleasant1 but to be a freeman  
still more so4  #ehjb4 ,stobaeus1 fer4  
#ff4 ,alex4 ab ,alexand4 lib4 #d4 cap4  
#h4  #ehjc4 ,they shall attend the lamb 
in heaven1 because they were not defiled
 with women1 ,apoc #ad4  #ehjd4 ,nuptiae
 repleat terram1 virginitas ,paradisum4 
,hier4  #ehje4 ,daphne in laurum semper 
virentem1 immortalem docet gloriam      
paratam virginibus pudicitiam           
servantibus4  #ehjf4 ,catul4 car4       
nuptiali4 ,as the flower that grows in  
the secret inclosure of the garden1     
unknown to the flocks1 impressed by the 
ploughshare1 which also the breezes     
refresh1 the heat strengthens1 the rain 
makes grow3 so is a virgin whilst       
untouched1 whilst dear to her relatives1
 but when once she forfeits her         
chastity1 c4  #ehjg4 ,diet4 salut4 c4   

#bb4 pulcherrimum sertum infiniti       
precii1 gemma1 et pictura speciosa4     
#ehjh4 ,mart4  #ehji4 ,lib4 #bd4 qua    
obsequiorum diversitate colantur homines
 sine liberis4  #ehaj4 ,hunc alii ad    
coenam invitant1 princeps huic          
famulatur1 oratores gratis              
patrocinantur4 ,lib4 de amore ,prolis4  
#ehaa4 ,annal4 #aa4 ,if you wish to be  
master of your house1 let no little ones
 play in your halls1 nor any little     
daughter yet more dear1 a barren wife   
makes a pleasant and affectionate       
companion4  #ehab4 #fj de benefic4 #ch4 
#ehac4 ,e ,graeco4  #ehad4 ,ter4        
,adelph4 ,i have married a wife2 what   
misery it has entailed upon me6 sons    
were born and other cares followed4     
#ehae4 ,itineraria in psalmo            
instructione ad lectorem4  #ehaf4       
,bruson1 lib4 #g4 #bb4 cap4 ,si uxor    
deesset1 nihil mihi ad summam           
felicitatem defuisset4  #ehag4          
,extinguitur virilitas ex               
incantamentorum maleficiis2 neque enim  

fabula est1 nonnulli reperti sunt1 qui  
ex veneficiis amore privati sunt1 ut ex 
multis historiis patet4  #ehah4 ,curat  
omnes morbos1 phthises1 hydropes et     
oculorum morbos1 et febre quartana      
laborantes et amore captos1 miris       
artibus eos demulcet4  #ehai4 ,the moral
 is1 vehement fear expels love4  #ehbj4 
,catullus4  #ehba4 ,quum ,junonem       
deperiret ,jupiter impotenter1 ibi      
solitus lavare1 c4  #ehbb4 ,menander4   
,stricken by the gad-fly of love1 rushed
 headlong from the summit4  #ehbc4      
,ovid4 ep4 #ba4  #ehbd4 ,apud antiquos  
amor ,lethes olim fuit1 is ardentes     
faeces in profluentum inclinabat2 hujus 
statua ,veneris ,eleusinae templo       
visebatur1 quo amantes confluebant1 qui 
amicae memoriam deponere volebant4      
#ehbe4 ,lib4 #aj4 ,vota ei nuncupant    
amatores1 multis de causis1 sed imprimis
 viduae mulieres1 ut sibi alteras a dea 
nuptias exposcant4  #ehbf4 ,rodiginus1  
ant4 lect4 lib4 #af4 cap4 #be4 calls it 
,selenus1 ,omni amore liberat4  #ehbg4  

,seneca4 ,the rise and remedy of love   
the same4  #ehbh4 ,cupido crucifixus3   
,lepidum poema4  #ehbi4 ,cap4 #ai4 de   
morb4 cerebri4  #ehcj4 ,patiens potiatur
 re amata1 si fieri possit1 optima cura1
 cap4 #af4 in #i ,rhasis4  #ehca4 ,si   
nihil aliud1 nuptiae et copulatio cum   
ea4  #ehcb4 ,petronius ,catal4  #ehcc4  
,cap4 de ,ilishi4 ,non invenitur cura1  
nisi regimen connexionis inter eos1     
secundum modum promissionis1 et legis1  
et sic vidimus ad carnem restitutum1 qui
 jam venerat ad arofactionem2 evanuit   
cura postquam sensit1 c4  #ehcd4 ,fama  
est melancholicum quendam ex amore      
insanabiliter se habentem1 ubi puellae  
se conjunxisset1 restitutum1 c4  #ehce4 
,jovian4 ,pontanus1 ,basi4 lib4 #a4     
#ehcf4 ,speede's hist4 e ,m4,s4 ,ber4   
,andreae4  #ehcg4 ,lucretia in          
,ocelestina1 act4 #ai4 ,barthio         
interpret4  #ehch4 ,virg4 #d ,aen4 ,how 
shall ,i begin8  #ehci4 ,e ,graecho     
,moschi4  #ehdj4 ,ovid4 ,met4 #a4 ,the  
efficacious one is golden4  #ehda4      

,pausanias ,achaicis1 lib4 #g4 ,perdite 
amabat ,callyrhoen virginem1 et quanto  
erat ,choresi amor vehememior erat1     
tanto erat puellae animus ab ejus amore 
alienior4  #ehdb4 ,virg4 #f ,aen4       
#ehdc4 ,erasmus ,egl4 ,galatea4  #ehdd4 
,having no compassion for my tears1 she 
avoids my prayers1 and is inflexible to 
my plaints4  #ehde4 ,angerianus         
,erotopaegnion4  #ehdf4 ,virg4  #ehdg4  
,laecheus4  #ehdh4 ,ovid4 ,met4 #a4     
#ehdi4 ,erot4 lib4 #b4  #ehej4 ,t4 ,h4  
,to captivate the men1 but despise them 
when captive4  #ehea4 ,virg4 #d ,aen4   
#eheb4 ,metamor4 #c4  #ehec4            
,fracastorius ,dial4 de anim4  #ehed4   
,dial4 ,am4  #ehee4 ,ausonius4  #ehef4  
,ovid4 ,met4  #eheg4 ,hom4 #e4 in #a4   
epist4 ,thess4 cap4 #d1 vers4 #a4       
#eheh4 ,ter4  #ehei4 ,ter4 ,heaut4      
,scen4 ult4 ,he will marry the daughter 
of rich parents1 a red-haired1          
blear-eyed1 big-mouthed1 crooked-nosed  
wench4  #ehfj4 ,plebeius et nobilis     
ambiebant puellam1 puellae certamen in  

partes venit1 c4  #ehfa4 ,apuleius apol4
  #ehfb4 ,gen4 xxvi4  #ehfc4 ,non peccat
 venialiter qui mulierem ducit ob       
pulchritudinem4  #ehfd4 ,lib4 #f4 de    
leg4 ,ex usu reipub4 est ut in nuptiis  
juvenes neque pauperum affinitatem      
fugiant1 neque divitum sectentur4       
#ehfe4 ,philost4 ep4 ,quoniam pauper    
sum1 idcirco contemptior et abjectior   
tibi videar8 ,amor ipse nundus est1     
gratiae et astra2 ,hercules pelle       
leonina indutus4  #ehff4 ,juvenal4      
#ehfg4 ,lib4 #b4 ep4 #g4  #ehfh4        
,ejulans inquit1 non mentem una addixit 
mihi fortuna servitute4  #ehfi4 ,de     
repub4 c4 de period1 rerumpub4  #ehgj4  
,com4 in car4 ,chron4  #ehga4 ,plin4 in 
pan4  #ehgb4 ,declam4 #cjf4  #ehgc4     
,puellis imprimis nulla danda occasio   
lapsus4 ,lemn4 lib4 l4 #ed4 de vit      
instit4  #ehgd4 ,see more part #a4 s4   
mem4 #b4 subs4 #d4  #ehge4 ,filia       
excedens annum #be4 potest inscio patre 
nubere1 licet indignus sit maritus1 et  
eum cogere ad congrue dotandum4  #ehgf4 

,ne appetentiae procacioris reputetur   
auctor4  #ehgg4 ,expetitia enim magis   
debet vider a viro quam ipsa virum      
expetisse4  #ehgh4 ,mulier apud nos #bd4
 annorum vetula est et projectitia4     
#ehgi4 ,comoed4 ,lycistrat4 ,and4 ,divo 
,interpr4  #ehhj4 ,ausonius edy4 #ad4   
#ehha4 ,idem4  #ehhb4 ,catullus4  #ehhc4
 ,translated by ,m4 ,b4 ,johnson4       
#ehhd4 ,horn4 #e4 in #a4 ,thes4 cap4 #d4
 #a4  #ehhe4 ,plautus4  #ehhf4 ,ovid4   
#ehhg4 ,epist4 #ab4 l4 #b4 ,eligit      
conjugem pauperem1 indotatatam et subito
 deamavit1 et commiseratione ejus       
inopiae4  #ehhh4 ,virg4 ,aen4  #ehhi4   
,fabius pictor3 amor ipse conjunxit     
populos1 c4  #ehij4 ,lipsius polit4     
,sebast4 ,mayer4 ,select4 ,sect4 #a4    
cap4 #ac4  #ehia4 ,mayerus select4 sect4
 #a4 c4 #ad4 et ,aelian4 l4 #ac4 c4 #cc4
 cum famulae lavantis vestes incuriosus 
custodirent1 c4 mandavit per universam  
,aegyptum ut foemina quaereretur1 cujus 
is calceus esset eamque sic inventam4 in
 matrimonium accepit4  #ehib4 ,pausnnias

 lib4 #c4 de ,laconicis4 ,dimisit que   
nunciarunt1 c4 optionem puellis dedit1  
ut earum quaelibet eum sibi virum       
deligeret1 cujus maxime esset forma     
complacita4  #ehic4 ,illius conjugium   
abominabitur4  #ehid4 ,socera quinque   
circiter annos natu minor4  #ehie4 ,vit4
 ,caleat4 secundi4  #ehif4 ,apuleius in 
,catel4 nobis cupido velle dat1 posse   
abnegat4  #ehig4 ,anacreon4 #ef4  #ehih4
 ,continentiae donum ex fide postulet   
quia certum sit eum vocari ad coelibatum
 cui domis1 c4  #ehii4 ,act4 xvi4 #g4   
#eijj4 ,rom4 i4 #ac4  #eija4 ,praefix4  
gen4 ,leovitii4  #eijb4 ,the stars in   
the skies preside over our persons1 for 
they are made of humble matter4 ,they   
cannot bind a rational mind1 for that is
 under the control of ,god only4  #eijc4
 ,idem ,wolfius dial4  #eijd4 ,that is1 
make the best of it1 and take his lot as
 it falls4  #eije4 ,ovid4 #a4 ,met      
,their beauty is inconsistent with their
 vows4  #eijf4 ,mercurialis de          
,priapismo4  #eijg4 ,memorabile quod    

,ulricus epistola refert ,gregorium quum
 ex piscina quadam allata plus quam sex 
mille infantum capita vidisset1         
ingemuisse et decretum de coelibatu     
tantam caedis causam confesses condigno 
illud poenitentiae fructu purgasse4     
,kemnisius ex concil4 ,trident1 part4   
#c4 de coelibatu sacerdotum4  #eijh4 ,si
 nubat1 quam si domi concubinam alat4   
#eiji4 ,alphonsus ,cicaonius lib4 de    
gest4 pontificum4  #eiaj4 ,cum medici   
suaderent ut aut nuberet aut coitu      
uteretur1 sic mortem vitari posse mortem
 potius intrepidus expectavit1 c4       
#eiaa4 ,epist4 #cj4  #eiab4 ,vide vitam 
ejus edit4 #afbc4 by ,d4 ,t4 ,james4    
#eiac4 ,lidgate1 in ,chaucer's ,flower  
of ,curtesie4  #eiad4 ',tis not         
multitude but idleness which causeth    
beggary4  #eiae4 ,or to set them awork1 
and bring them up in some honest trades4
  #eiaf4 ,dion4 ,cassius1 lib4 #ef4     
#eiag4 ,sardus ,buxtorphius4  #eiah4    
,claude ,albaville in his hist4 of the  
,frenchmen to the ,isle of ,maragnan4   

,an4 #afad4  #eiai4 ,rara quidem dea tu 
es ,o chastitas in his terris1 nec      
facile perfecta1 rarius perpetua1 cogi  
nonnunquam potest1 ob naturae defectum1 
vel si disciplina pervaserit1 censura   
compresserit4  #eibj4 ,peregrin4        
,hierosol4  #eiba4 ,plutarch1 vita ejus1
 adolescentiae medio constitutus4       
#eibb4 ,ancilias duas egregia forma et  
aetatis flore4  #eibc4 ,alex4 ab4 ,alex4
 l4 #d4 c4 #h4  #eibd4 ,tres filii      
patrem ab excubiis1 quinque ab omnibus  
officiis liberabanto4  #eibe4 ,praecepto
 primo1 cogatur nubere aut mulctetur et 
pecunia templo ,junonis dedicetur et    
publica fiat4  #eibf4 ,consol4 #c4 pros4
 #g4  #eibg4 ,nic4 ,hill4 ,epic4 philos4
  #eibh4 ,qui se capistro matrimonii    
alligari non patiuntur1 ,lemn1 lib4 #d4 
#ac4 de occult4 nat4 ,abhorrent multi a 
matrimonio1 ne morosam1 querulam1       
acerbam1 amaram uxorem perferre         
cogantur4  #eibi4 ,senec4 ,hippol4      
#eicj4 ,caelebs enim vixerat nec ad     
uxorem ducendam unquam induci potuit4   

#eica4 ,senec4 ,hip4 ,there is nothing  
better1 nothing preferable to a single  
life4  #eicb4 ,hor4  #eicc4 ,aeneas     
,sylvius de dictis ,sigismundi4         
,hensius4 ,primiero4  #eicd4 ,habeo     
uxorem ex animi sententia ,camillam     
,paleotti ,jurisconsulti filiam4  #eice4
 ,legentibus et meditantibus candelas et
 candelabrum tenuerunt4  #eicf4 ,hor4   
,neither despise agreeable love1 nor    
mirthful pleasure4  #eicg4 ,ovid4       
#eich4 ,aphranius4 ,he who chooses a    
wife1 takes a brother and a sister4     
#eici4 ,locheus4 ,the delight of        
mankind1 the solace of life1 the        
blandishments of night1 delicious cares 
of day1 the wishes of older men1 the    
hopes of young4  #eidj4 ,bacon's        
,essays4  #eida4 ,euripides4  #eidb4    
,how harmoniously do a loving wife and  
constant husband lead their lives4      
#eidc4 ,cum juxta mare agrum coleret3   
,omnis enim miseriae immemorem1         
conjugalis amor eum fecerat4 ,non sine  
ingenti admiratione1 tanta hominis      

charitate motus rex liberos esse jussit1
 c4  #eidd4 ,qui vult vitare molestias  
vitet mundum4  #eide4       4 ,quid vita
 est quaeso quidve est sine ,cypride    
dulce8 ,mimner4  #eidf4 ,erasmus4       
#eidg4 ,e ,stobeo4  #eidh4 ,menander4   
#eidi4 ,seneca ,hyp4 lib4 #c4 num4 #a4  
#eiej4 ,hist4 lib4 #d4  #eiea4          
,palingenius4 ,he lives contemptibly by 
whom no other lives4  #eieb4 ,bruson4   
lib4 #g4 cap4 #bc4  #eiec4 ,noli        
societatem habere1 c4  #eied4 ,lib4 #a4 
cap4 #f4 ,si1 inquit1 ,quirites1 sine   
uxore esse possemus1 omnes careremus2   
,sed quoniam sic est1 saluti potius     
publicae quam voluptati consulendum4    
#eiee4 ,beatum foret si liberos auro et 
argento mercari1 c4  #eief4 ,seneca4    
,hyp4  #eieg4 ,gen4 ii4 ,adjutorium     
simile1 c4  #eieh4 ,ovid4 ,find her to  
whom you may say1 'thou art my only     
pleasure4'  #eiei4 ,euripides4 ,unhappy 
the man who has met a bad wife1 happy   
who found a good one4  #eifj4 ,e ,graeco
 ,valerius1 lib4 #g4 cap4 #g4 ,to marry1

 and not to marry1 are equally base4    
#eifa4 ,pervigilium ,veneris e vetere   
poeta4  #eifb4 ,donaus non potest       
consistere sine uxore4 ,nevisanus lib4  
#b4 num4 #ah4  #eifc4 ,nemo in          
severissima ,stoicorum familia qui non  
barbam quoque et supercilium amplexibus 
uxores submiserit1 aut in ista parte a  
reliquis dissenserit4 ,hensius          
,primiero4  #eifd4 ,quid libentius homo 
masculus videre debet quam bellam       
uxorem8  #eife4 ,chaucer4  #eiff4       
,conclusio ,theod4 ,podro4 mi4 #i4 l4   
,amor4  #eifg4 ,ovid4  #eifh4 ,epist4   
#d4 l4 #b4 ,jucundiores multo et        
suaviores longe post molestas turbas    
amantium nuptiae4  #eifi4 ,olim         
meminisse juvabit4  #eigj4 ,quid        
expectatis1 intus fiunt nuptiae1 the    
music1 guests1 and all the good cheer is
 within4  #eiga4 ,the conclusion of     
,chaucer's poem of ,troilus and         
,creseid4  #eigb4 ,catullus4  #eigc4    
,catullus4 ,j4 ,secundus ,sylvar4 lib4  
,jam ,virgo thalamum subibit unde ne    

virgo redeat1 marite cura4  #eigd4      
,ecclus4 xxxix4 #ad4  #eige4 ,galeni    
,epithal4  #eigf4 ,o noctem quater et   
quater beatam4  #eigg4 ,theocritus idyl4
 #ah4  #eigh4 ,erasm4 ,epithal4 ,p4     
,aegidij4 ,nec saltent modo sed duo     
charissima pectora indissolubili mutuae 
benevolentiae nodo corpulent1 ut nihil  
unquam eos incedere possit irae vel     
taedii4 ,illa perpetuo nihil audiat     
nisi1 mea lux3 ille vicissim nihil nisi 
anime mi3 atque huic jucunditati ne     
senectus detrahat1 imo potius aliquid   
adaugeat4  #eigi4 ,happy both1 if my    
verses have any charms1 nor shall time  
ever detract from the memorable example 
of your lives4  #eihj4 ,kornmannus de   
linea amoris4  #eiha4 ,finis #c book of 
,troilus and ,creseid4  #eihb4 ,in his  
,oration of ,jealousy1 put out by ,fr4  
,sansavin4  #eihc4 ,benedetto ,varchi4  
#eihd4 ,exercitat4 #cag4 ,cum metuimus  
ne amatae rei exturbimur possessione4   
#eihe4 ,zelus de forma est invidentiae  
species ne quis forma quam amamus       

fruatur4  #eihf4 #c de ,anima4  #eihg4  
,has not every one of the slaves that   
went to meet him returned this night    
from the supper8  #eihh4 ,r4 de ,anima4 
,tangimur zelotypia de pupillis1 liberis
 charisque curae nostrae concreditis1   
non de forma1 sed ne male sit iis1 aut  
ne nobis sibique parent ignominiam4     
#eihi4 ,plutarch4  #eiij4 ,senec4 in    
,herc4 fur4  #eiia4 ,exod4 xx4  #eiib4  
,lucan4  #eiic4 ,danaeus ,aphoris4      
polit4 semper metuunt ne eorum          
auctoritas minuatur4  #eiid4 ,belli     
,neapol4 lib4 #e4  #eiie4 ,dici non     
potest quam tenues et infirmas causas   
habent moeroris et suspicionis1 et hic  
est morbus occultus1 qui in familiis    
principum regnat4  #eiif4 ,omnes aemulos
 interfect4 ,lamprid4  #eiig4 ,constant4
 agricult4 lib4 #aj4 c4 #e4 ,cyparissae 
,eteoclis filiae1 saltantes ad          
emulationem dearum in puteum demolitae  
sunt1 sed terra miserata1 cupressos inde
 produxit4  #eiih4 ,ovid4 ,met4  #eiii4 
,seneca4  #fjjj4 ,quis autem carifex    

addictum supplicio crudelius afficiat1  
quam metus8 ,metus inquam mortis1       
infamiae cruciatus1 sunt ille utrices   
furiae quae tyrannos exagitant1 c4      
,multo acerbius sauciant et pungunt1    
quam crudeles domini servos vinctos     
fustibus ac tormentis exulcerare        
possunt4  #fjja4 ,lonicerus1 ,to4 #a4   
,turc4 hist4 c4 #bd4  #fjjb4 ,jovius    
vita ejus4  #fjjc4 ,knowles4            
,busbequius4 ,sand4 fol4 #eb4  #fjjd4   
,nicephorus1 lib4 #aa4 c4 #de4          
,socrates1 lib4 #g4 cap4 #ce4 ,neque    
,valens alicui pepercit qui ,theo       
cognomine vocaretur4  #fjje4 ,alexand4  
,gaguin4 ,muscov4 hist4 descrip4 c4 #e4 
#fjjf4 ,d4 ,fletcher1 timet omnes ne    
insidiae essent1 ,herodot4 l4 #g4       
,maximinus invisum se sentiens1 quod ex 
infimo loco in tantam fortunam venisset 
moribus ac genere barbarus1 metuens ne  
natalium obscuritas objiceretur1 omnes  
,alexandri praedecessoris ministros ex  
aula ejecit1 pluribus interfectis quod  
moesti essent ad mortem ,alexandri1     

insidias inde metuens4  #fjjg4 ,lib4 #h4
 tanquam ferae solitudine vivebant1     
terrentes alios1 timentes4  #fjjh4      
,serres1 fol4 #ef4  #fjji4 ,neap4 belli1
 lib4 #e nulli prorsus homini fidebat1  
omnes insidiari sibi putabat4  #fjaj4   
,camden's ,remains4  #fjaa4 ,mat4       
,paris4  #fjab4 ,r4 ,t4 notis in blason 
jealousie4  #fjac4 ,daniel in his       
,panegyric to the king4  #fjad4 #c4 de  
anima1 cap4 de zel4 ,animalia quaedam   
zelotypia tanguntur1 ut olores1         
columbae1 galli1 tauri1 c4 ob metum     
communionis4  #fjae4 ,seneca4  #fjaf4   
,lib4 #aa4 ,cynoget4  #fjag4 ,chaucer1  
in his ,assembly of ,fowls4  #fjah4     
,alderovand4  #fjai4 ,lib4 #ab4  #fjbj4 
,sibi timens circa res venereas1        
solitudines amat quo solus sola foemina 
fruatur4  #fjba4 ,crocodili zelotypi et 
uxorum amantissimi1 c4  #fjbb4 ,qui     
dividit agrum communem2 inde deducitur  
ad amantes4  #fjbc4 ,erasmus chil4 #a4  
cent4 #i4 adag4 #ii4  #fjbd4 ,ter4 ,eun4
 ,act4 #a4 sc4 #a4 ,munus nostrum ornato

 verbis1 et istum aemulum1 quoad        
poteris1 ab ea pellito4  #fjbe4 ,pinus  
puella quondam fuit1 c4  #fjbf4 ,mars   
zelotypus ,adonidem interfecit4  #fjbg4 
,r4 ,t4  #fjbh4 #a ,sam4 i4 #f4  #fjbi4 
,blazon of ,jealousy4  #fjcj4 ,mulierum 
conditio misera2 nullam honestam credunt
 nisi domo conclusa vivat4  #fjca4      
,fines ,morison4  #fjcb4 ,nomen         
zelotypiae apud istos locum non habet1  
lib4 #c4 c4 #h4  #fjcc4 ,fines ,moris4  
part4 #c4 cap4 #b4  #fjcd4 ,busbequius4 
,sands4  #fjce4 ,prae amore et zelotypia
 saepius insaniunt4  #fjcf4 ,australes  
ne sacra quidem publica fieri patiuntur1
 nisi uterque sexus pariete medio       
dividatur3 et quum in ,angliam inquit1  
legationis causa profectus essem1 audivi
 ,mendozam legatum ,hispaniarum dicentem
 turpe esse viros et foeminas in1 c4    
#fjcg4 ,idea3 mulieres praeterquam quod 
sunt infidae1 suspicaces1 inconstantes1 
insidiosae1 simulatrices1               
superstitiosae1 et si potentes1         
intolerabiles1 amore zelotypae supra    

modum4 ,ovid4 #b4 de art4  #fjch4       
,bartello4  #fjci4 ,r4 ,t4  #fjdj4 ,lib4
 #b4 num4 #h4 mulier otiosa facile      
praesumitur luxuriosa1 et saepe         
zelotypa4  #fjda4 ,and now she requires 
other youths and other loves1 calls me  
the imbecile and decrepit old man4      
#fjdb4 ,lib #b4 num4 #d4  #fjdc4 ,quum  
omnibus infideles foeminae1 senibus     
infidelissimae4  #fjdd4 ,mimnermus4     
#fjde4 ,vix aliqua non impudica1 et quam
 non suspectam merito quis habeat4      
#fjdf4 ,lib4 #e4 de aur4 asino4 ,at ego 
misera patre meo seniorem maritum nacta 
sum1 cum cucurbita calviorom et quovis  
puero pumiliorem1 cunctam domum seris et
 catenis obditam custodientem4  #fjdg4  
,chaloner4  #fjdh4 ,lib4 #d4 n4 #hj4    
#fjdi4 ,ovid #b4 de art4 amandi4  #fjej4
 ,every ,man out of his ,humour4  #fjea4
 ,calcagninus ,apol4 ,tiberini ab uxorum
 partu earum vices subeunt1 ut aves per 
vices incubant1 c4  #fjeb4 ,exiturus    
fascia uxoris pectus alligabat1 nec     
momento praeesentia ejus carere poterat1

 potumque non hauriebat nisi            
praegustatum labris ejus4  #fjec4       
,chaloner4  #fjed4 ,panegyr4 ,trajano4  
#fjee4 ,ter4 ,adelph4 act4 #a4 sce4 #a4 
#fjef4 ,fab4 ,calvo4 ,ravennate         
interprete4  #fjeg4 ,dum rediero domum  
meam habitabis1 et licet cum parentibus 
habitet1 hac mea peregrinatione2 eam    
tamen et ejus mores observabis uti      
absentia viri sui probe degat1 nec alios
 viros cogitet aut quaerat4  #fjeh4     
,foemina semper custode eget qui se     
pudicam contineat2 suapte enim natura   
nequitias insitas habet1 quas nisi      
indies comprimat1 ut arbores stolones   
emittunt1 c4  #fjei4 ,heinsius4  #fjfj4 
,uxor cujusdam nobilis quum debitum     
maritale sacro passionis hebdomada non  
obtineret1 alterum adiit4  #fjfa4 ,ne   
tribus prioribus noctibus rem haberet   
cum ea4 ut esset in pecoribus           
fortunatus1 ab uxore morae impatiente1  
c4  #fjfb4 ,totam noctem bene et pudice 
nemini molestus dormiendo transegit2    
mane autem quum nullius conscius        

facinoris sibi esset1 et inertiae       
puderet1 audisse se dicebat eum dolore  
calculi solere eam conflictari4 ,duo    
praecepta juris una nocte expressit1    
neminem laeserat et honeste vixerat1 sed
 an suum cuique reddidisset1 quaeri     
poterat4 ,mutius opinor et ,trebatius   
hoc negassent4 lib4 #a4  #fjfc4         
,alterius loci emendationem serio       
optabat1 quem corruptum esse ille non   
invenit4  #fjfd4 ,such another tale is  
in ,neander de ,jocoseriis1 his first   
tale4  #fjfe4 ,lib4 #b4 ,ep4 #c4 ,si    
pergit alienis negotiis operam dare sui 
negligens1 erit alius mihi orator qui   
rem meam agat4  #fjff4 ,ovid4 rara est  
concordia formae atque pudicitiae4      
#fjfg4 ,epist4  #fjfh4 ,quod strideret  
ejus calceamentum4  #fjfi4 ,hor4 epist4 
#ae4 ,often has the serpent lain hid    
beneath the coloured grass1 under a     
beauliful aspect1 and often has the evil
 inclination affected a sale without the
 husband's privity4  #fjgj4 ,de re      
uxoria1 lib4 #a4 cap4 #e4  #fjga4 ,cum  

steriles sunt1 ex mutatione viri se     
putant concipere4  #fjgb4 ,tibullus1    
eleg4 #f4  #fjgc4 ,wither's ,sat4       
#fjgd4 #c de ,anima4 ,crescit ac        
decrescit zelotypia cum personis1 locis1
 temporibus1 negotiis4  #fjge4          
,marullus4  #fjgf4 ,tibullus ,epig4     
#fjgg4 ,prov4 ix4 #ag4  #fjgh4 ,propert4
 eleg4 #b4  #fjgi4 ,ovid4 lib4 #i4 ,met4
 ,pausanias ,strabo1 quum crevit        
imbribus hyemalibus4 ,deianiram         
suscipit1 ,herculem nando sequi jubet4  
#fjhj4 ,lucian1 tom4 #d4  #fjha4        
,plutarch4  #fjhb4 ,cap4 v4 #h4  #fjhc4 
,seneca4  #fjhd4 ,lib4 #b4 cap4 #bc4    
#fjhe4 ,petronius ,catal4  #fjhf4       
,sueton4  #fjhg4 ,pontus ,heuter1 vita  
ejus4  #fjhh4 ,lib4 #h4 ,flor4 hist4    
,dux omnium optimus et sapientissimus1  
sed in re venerea prodigiosus4  #fjhi4  
,vita ,castruccii4 ,idem uxores maritis 
abalienavit4  #fjij4 ,sesellius1 lib4   
#b4 de ,repub4 ,gallorum4 ,ita nunc apud
 infimos obtinuit hoc vitium1 ut nullius
 fere pretii sit1 et ignavus miles qui  

non in scortatione maxime excellat1 et  
adulterio4  #fjia4 ,virg4 ,aen4 #d4     
,what now must have been ,dido's        
sensations when she witnessed these     
doings8  #fjib4 ,epig4 #i4 lib4 #d4     
#fjic4 ,virg4 #d4 ,aen4  #fjid4         
,secundus syl4  #fjie4 ,and belches out 
the smell of onions and garlic4  #fjif4 
,aeneas ,sylvius4  #fjig4 ,neither a god
 honoured him with his table1 nor a     
goddess with her bed4  #fjih4 ,virg4 #d4
 ,aen4 ,such beauty shines in his       
graceful features4  #fjii4 ,s4 ,graeco  
,simonides4  #fajj4 ,cont4 #b4 ca4 #ch4 
,oper4 subcis4 mulieris liberius et     
familiarius communicantis cum omnibus   
licentia et immodestia1 sinistri        
sermonis et suspicionis materiam viro   
praebet4  #faja4 ,voces liberae1        
oculorum colloquia1 contractiones parum 
verecundae1 motus immodici1 c4          
,heinsius4  #fajb4 ,challoner4  #fajc4  
,what is here said1 is not prejudicial  
to honest women4  #fajd4 ,lib4 #bh1 sc  
#ac4  #faje4 ,dial4 amor4 ,pendet fallax

 et blanda circa oscula mariti1 quem in 
cruce1 si fieri posset1 deosculari      
velit3 illius vitam chariorem esse sua  
jurejurando affirmat3 quem certe non    
redimeret anima catelli si posset4      
#fajf4 ,adeunt templum ut rem divinam   
audiant1 ut ipsae simulant1 sed vel ut  
monachum fratrem1 vel adulterum lingua1 
oculis1 ad libidinem provoceat4  #fajg4 
,lib4 #d4 num4 #ha4 ,ipse sibi          
persuadent1 quod adulterium cum principe
 vel cum praesule1 non est pudor nec    
peccatum4  #fajh4 ,deum rogat1 non pro  
salute mariti1 filii1 cognati vota      
suscipit1 sed pro reditu moechi si      
abest1 pro valetudine lenonis si        
aegrotet4  #faji4 ,tibullus4  #faaj4    
,gortardus ,arthus descrip4 ,indiae     
,orient4 ,linchoften4  #faaa4 ,garcias  
ab ,horto1 hist4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #bd4     
,daturam herbam vocat et describit1 tam 
proclives sunt ad venerem mulieres ut   
viros inebrient per #bd horas1 liquore  
quodam1 ut nihil videant1 recordentur at
 dormiant1 et post lotionem pedum1 ad se

 restituunt1 c4  #faab4 ,ariosto1 lib4  
#bh4 st4 #ge4  #faac4 ,lipsius polit4   
#faad4 ,seneca1 lib4 #b4 controv4 #h4   
#faae4 ,bodicher4 ,sat4  #faaf4 ,sitting
 close to her1 and shaking her hand     
lovingly4  #faag4 ,tibullus4  #faah4    
,after wine the mistress is often unable
 to distinguish her own lover4  #faai4  
,epist4 #he4 ad ,oceanum4 ,ad unius     
horae ebrietatem nudat femora1 quae per 
sexcentos annos sobrietate contexerat4  
#fabj4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #ac4  #faba4 ,nihil  
audent primo1 post ab aliis confirmatae1
 audaces et confidentes sunt4 ,ubi semel
 verecundiae limites transierint4       
#fabb4 ,euripides1 l4 #fc4 ,love of gain
 induces one to break her marriage vow1 
a wish to have associates to keep her in
 countenance actuates others4  #fabc4   
,de miser4 ,curialium4 ,aut alium cum ea
 invenies1 aut isse alium reperies4     
#fabd4 ,cap4 #ah de ,virg4  #fabe4 ,hom4
 #ch4 in c4 #ag4 ,gen4 ,etsi magnis     
affluunt divitiis1 c4  #fabf4 #c de     
,anima4 ,omnes voces1 auras1 omnes      

susurros captat zelotypus1 et amplificat
 apud se cum iniquissima de singulis    
calumnia4 ,maxime suspiciosi1 et ad     
pejora credendum proclives4  #fabg4     
,these thunders pour down their peculiar
 showers4  #fabh4 ,propertius4  #fabi4  
,aeneas ,silv4  #facj4 ,ant4 ,dial4     
#faca4 ,rabie concepta1 caesariem       
abrasit1 puellaeque mirabiliter         
insultans faciem vibicibus foedavit4    
#facb4 ,daniel4  #facc4 ,annal4 lib4    
#ab4 ,principis mulieris zelotypae est  
in alias mulieres quas suspectas habet1 
odium inseparabile4  #facd4 ,seneca in  
,medea4  #face4 ,alcoran cap4 ,bovis1   
interprete ,ricardo praed4 c4 #h4       
,confutationis4  #facf4 ,plautus4       
#facg4 ,expedit4 in ,sinas4 l4 #c4 c4   
#i4  #fach4 ,decem eunuchorum millia    
numerantur in regia familia1 qui servant
 uxores ejus4  #faci4 ,lib4 #eg4 ep4    
#ha4  #fadj4 ,semotis a viris servant in
 interioribus1 ab eorum conspectu       
immanes4  #fada4 ,lib4 #a4 fol4 #g4     
#fadb4 ,diruptiones hymenis flunt a     

propriis digitis vel ab aliis           
instrumentis4  #fadc4 ,idem ,rhasis     
,arab4 cont4  #fadd4 ,ita clausae       
pharmacis ut non possunt coitum         
exercere4  #fade4 ,qui et pharmacum     
praescribit docetque4  #fadf4 ,epist4   
#f4 ,mercero ,inter4  #fadg4 ,barthius4 
,ludus illi temeratum pudicitiae florem 
mentitis machinis pro integro vendere4  
,ego docebo te1 qui mulier ante nuptias 
sponso te probes virginem4  #fadh4 ,qui 
mulierem violasset1 virilia execabant1  
et mille virgas dabant4  #fadi4 ,dion4  
,halic4  #faej4 ,viridi gaudens ,feronia
 luco4 ,virg4  #faea4 ,ismene was so    
tried by ,dian's well1 in which maids   
did swim1 unchaste were drowned4        
,eustathius1 lib4 #h4  #faeb4 ,contra   
mendac4 an confess4 #ba cap4  #faec4    
,phaerus ,aegipti rex captus oculis per 
decennium1 oraculum consuluit de uxoris 
pudicitia4  #faed4 ,caesar4 lib4 #f4    
bello ,gall4 vitae necisque in uxores   
habuerunt potestatem4  #faee4 ,animi    
dolores et zelotypia si diutius         

perserverent1 dementes reddunt4 ,acak4  
comment4 in par4 art4 ,galeni4  #faef4  
,ariosto1 lib4 #ca4 staff4 #f4  #faeg4  
#c de anima1 c4 #c4 de zelotyp4 transit 
in rabiem et odium1 et sibi et aliis    
violentas saepe manus injiciunt4  #faeh4
 ,higinus1 cap4 #ahi4 ,ovid1 c4  #faei4 
,phaerus ,aegypti rex de caecitate      
oraculum consulens1 visum ei rediturum  
accepit1 si oculos abluisset lotio      
mulieris quae aliorum virorum esset     
expers2 uxoris urinam expertus nihil    
profecit1 et aliarum frustra1 eas omnes 
7ea excepta per quam curatus fuit7 unum 
in locum coactas concremavit4 ,herod4   
,euterp4  #fafj4 ,offic4 lib4 #b4       
#fafa4 ,aurelius ,victor4  #fafb4       
,herod1 lib4 #i4 in ,calliope4 ,masistae
 uxorem excarnificat1 mammillas         
praescindit1 aesque canibus abjicit1    
filiae nares praescidit1 labra1 linguam1
 c4  #fafc4 ,lib4 #a4 ,dum formae       
curandae intenta capillum in sole       
pectit1 a marito per lusum leviter      
percussa furtirm superveniente virga1   

risu suborto1 mi ,landrice dixit1       
frontem vir fortis petet1 c4 ,marito    
conspecto attonita1 cum ,landrico mox in
 ejus mortem conspirat1 et statim inter 
venandum efficit4  #fafd4 ,qui ,goae    
uxorem habens1 ,gotherinum principem    
quendam virum quod uxori suae oculos    
adjecisset1 ingenti vulnere deformavit  
in facie1 et tibiam abscidit1 unde      
mutuae caedes4  #fafe4 ,eo quod infans  
natus involutus esset panniculo1        
credebat eum filium fratris ,francisci1 
c4  #faff4 ,zelotypia reginas regis     
mortem acceleravit paulo post1 ut       
,martianus medicus mihi retulit4 ,illa  
autem atra bile inde exagitata in       
latebras se subducens prae aegritudine  
animi reliquum tempus consumpsit4       
#fafg4 ,a zelotypia redactus ad insaniam
 et desperationem4  #fafh4 ,uxorem      
interemit1 inde desperabundus ex alto se
 praecipitavit4  #fafi4 ,tollere nodosam
 nescit medicina podagram4  #fagj4      
,ariosto1 lib4 #ca4 staff4  #faga4      
,veteres mature suadent ungues amoris   

esse radendos1 priusquam producant se   
nimis4  #fagb4 ,in ,jovianum4  #fagc4   
,gomesius1 lib4 #c4 de reb4 gestis      
,ximenii4  #fagd4 ,urit enim praecordia 
aegritudo animi compressa1 et in        
angustiis adducta mentem4 subvertit1 nec
 alio medicamine facilius erigitur1 quam
 cordati hominis sermone4  #fage4 #c ,de
 anima4  #fagf4 ,lib4 #c4  #fagg4       
,argetocoxi ,caledoni ,reguli uxor1     
,juliae ,augustae cum ipsam morderet    
quod inhoneste versaretur1 respondet1   
nos cum optimis viris consuetudinem     
habemus2 vos ,romanas autem occulte     
passim homines constuprant4  #fagh4     
,leges de moechis fecit1 ex civibus     
plures in jus vocati4  #fagi4 ,l4 #c4   
,epig4 #bf4  #fahj4 ,asser ,arthuri2    
parcerem libenter heroinarum laesae     
majestati1 si non historiae veritas     
aurem vellicaret1 ,leland4  #faha4      
,leland's assert4 ,a thuri4  #fahb4     
,epigram4  #fahc4 ,cogita an sic aliis  
tu unquam feceris2 an hoc tibi nunc     
fieri dignum sit8 severus aliis1        

indulgens tibi1 cur4 ab uxore exigis    
quod nori ipse praestas8 ,plutar4       
#fahd4 ,vaga libidine cum ipse quovis   
rapiaris1 cur si vel modicum aberret    
ipsa1 insanias8  #fahe4 ,ariosto1 li4   
#bh4 staffe #hj4  #fahf4 ,sylva nupt4 l4
 #d4 num4 #gb4  #fahg4 ,lemnius1 lib4   
#d4 cap4 #ac4 de occult4 nat4 mir4      
#fahh4 ,optimum bene nasci4  #fahi4     
,mart4  #faij4 ,ovid4 amor4 lib4 #c4    
eleg4  #faia4 ,lib4 #d4 ,st4 #gb4       
#faib4 ,policrat4 lib4 #h4 c4 #aa4 ,de  
amor4  #faic4 ,euriel4 et ,lucret4 qui  
uxores occludunt1 meo judicio minus     
utiliter faciunt2 sunt enim eo ingenio  
mulieres ut id potissimum cupiant1 quod 
maxime denegatur3 si liberas habent     
habenas1 minus delinquunt2 frustra seram
 adhibes1 si non sit sponte casta4      
#faid4 ,quando cognoscunt maritos hoc   
advertere4  #faie4 ,ausonius4  #faif4   
,opes suas1 mundum suum1 thesaurum suum1
 c4  #faig4 ,virg4 ,aen4  #faih4        
,daniel4  #faii4 #a de serm4 d4 in monte
 ros4 #af4  #fbjj4 ,o quam formosus     

lacertus hic quidam inquit ad aequales  
conversus2 at illa1 publicus1 inquit1   
non est4  #fbja4 ,bilia ,dinutum virum  
senem habuit et spiritum foetidum       
habentem1 quem quum quidam exprobrasset1
 c4  #fbjb4 ,numquid tibi1 ,armena1     
,tigranes videbatur esse pulcher8 et    
illum1 inquit1 aedepol1 c4 ,xenoph4     
,cyropaed4 l4 #c4  #fbjc4 ,ovid4  #fbjd4
 ,read ,petrarch's ,tale of ,patient    
,grizel in ,chaucer4  #fbje4 ,sil4 nup4 
lib4 #d4 num4 #hj4  #fbjf4 ,erasmus4    
#fbjg4 ,quum accepisset uxorem peperisse
 secundo a nuptiis mense1 cunas quinas  
vel senas coemit1 ut si forte uxor      
singulis bimensibus pareret4  #fbjh4    
,julius ,capitol1 vita ejus1 quum palam 
,citharaedus uxorem diligeret1 minime   
curiosus fuit4  #fbji4 ,disposuit       
armatos qui ipsum interficerent3 hi     
protenus mandatum exequentes1 c4 ,ille  
et rex declarator1 et ,stratonicem quae 
fratri nupserat1 uxorem ducit3 sed      
postquam audivit fratrem vivere1 c4     
,attalum comiter accepit1 pristinamque  

uxorem complexus1 magno honore apud se  
habuit4  #fbaj4 ,see ,john ,harrington's
 notes in #bh4 book of ,ariosto4  #fbaa4
 ,amator4 dial4  #fbab4 ,plautus scen4  
ult4 ,amphit4  #fbac4 ,idem4  #fbad4 ,t4
 ,daniel conjurat4 ,french4  #fbae4     
,lib4 #d4 num4 #hj4  #fbaf4 ,r4 ,t4     
#fbag4 ,lib4 de heres4 ,quum de zele    
culparetur1 purgandi se causa permisisse
 fertur ut ea qui vellet uteretur2 quod 
ejus factum in sectam turpissimam versum
 est1 qua placet usus indifferens       
foeminamm4  #fbah4 ,sleiden1 ,com4      
#fbai4 ,alcoran4  #fbbj4 ,alcoran edit1 
et ,bibliandro4  #fbba4 ,de mor4 gent4  
lib4 #a4 cap4 #f4 ,nupturae regi de     
virginandae exhibentur4  #fbbb4 ,lumina 
extinguebantur1 nec persons7 et aetatis 
habila reverentia1 in quam quisque per  
tenebras incidit1 mulierem cognoscit4   
#fbbc4 ,leander ,albertus4 ,flagitioso  
ritu cuncti in aedem convenientes post  
impuram concionem1 extinctis luminibus  
in ,venerem ruunt4  #fbbd4 ,lod4        
,vertomannus navig4 lib4 #f4 cap4 #h4 et

 ,marcus ,polus lib4 #a4 cap4 #df4      
,uxores viatoribus prostituunt4  #fbbe4 
,dithmarus1 ,bleskenius1 ut ,agetas     
,aristoni1 pulcherrimam uxorem habens   
prostituit4  #fbbf4 ,herodot4 in ,erato4
 ,mulieres ,babyloni caecum hospite     
permiscentur ob argentum quod post      
,veneri sacrum4 ,bohernus1 lib4 #b4     
#fbbg4 ,navigat4 lib4 #e4 cap4 #d4 prius
 thorum non init1 quam a digniore       
sacerdote nova nupta deflorata sit4     
#fbbh4 ,bohemus lib4 #b4 cap4 #c4 ,ideo 
nubere nollent ob mulierum              
intemperantiam1 nullam servare viro     
fidem putabant4  #fbbi4 ,stephanus      
praefat4 ,herod4 ,alius e lupanari      
meretricem1 ,pitho dictam1 in uxorem    
duxit2 ,ptolomaeus ,thaidem nobile      
scortum duxit et ex ea duos filios      
suscepit1 c4  #fbcj4 ,poggius ,floreno4 
#fbca4 ,felix ,plater4  #fbcb4          
,plutarch1 ,lucian1 ,salmutz ,tit4 #b4  
de porcellanis cum in ,panciro #a4 de   
nov4 repert4 et ,plutarchus4  #fbcc4    
,stephanus e #a4 confor4 ,bonavent4 c4  

#f4 vit4 ,francisci4  #fbcd4 ,plutarch4 
vit4 ejus4  #fbce4 ,vecker4 lib4 #g4    
secret4  #fbcf4 ,citatur a ,gellio4     
#fbcg4 ,lib4 #a4 ,til4 #d4 de instit4   
reipub4 de officio mariti4  #fbch4 ,ne  
cum ea blande nimis agas1 ne objurges   
praesentibus extraneis4  #fbci4 ,epist4 
#gj4  #fbdj4 ,ovid4 ,how badly steers of
 different ages are yoked to the plough4
  #fbda4 ,alciat4 emb4 #aaf4  #fbdb4    
,deipnosoph4 l4 #c4 cap4 #ab4  #fbdc4   
,euripides4  #fbdd4 ,pontanus hiarum    
lib4 #a4 ,maidens shun their embraces2  
,love1 ,venus1 ,hymen1 all abhor them4  
#fbde4 ,offic4 lib4 ,luxuria cum omni   
aetati turpis1 tum senectuti foedissima4
  #fbdf4 ,ecclus4 xxv4 #b4 ,an old man  
that dotes1 c4  #fbdg4 ,hor4 lib4 #c4   
ode #bf4 ,he was lately a match for a   
maid1 and contended not ingloriously4   
#fbdh4 ,alecto herself holds the torch  
at such nuptials1 and malicious ,hymen  
sadly howls4  #fbdi4 ,cap4 #e4 instit4  
ad optimum vitam2 maxima mortalium pars 
praecipitanter et inconsiderate nubit1  

idque ea aetate quae minus apta est1    
quum senex adolescentulae1 sanus        
morbidae1 dives pauperi1 c4  #fbej4     
,obsoleto1 intempestivo1 turpi remedio  
fatentur se uti2 recordatione           
pristinarum voluptatum se recreant1 et  
adversante natura1 pollinctam carnetn et
 enectam excitant4  #fbea4 ,lib4 #b4 nu4
 #be4  #fbeb4 ,qui vero non procreandae 
prolis1 sed explendae2 libidinis causa  
sibi invicem copulantur1 non tam        
conjuges quam fornicarii habentur4      
#fbec4 ,lex ,papia4 ,sueton4 ,claud4 c4 
#bc4  #fbed4 ,pontanus biarum lib4 #a4  
,more salacious than the sparrow in     
spring1 or the snow-white ring-doves4   
#fbee4 ,plautus mercator4  #fbef4       
,symposio4  #fbeg4 ,vide ,thuani        
historiam4  #fbeh4 ,calabect4 vet4      
poetarum4  #fbei4 ,martial1 lib4 #c4    
#fb4 ,epig4  #fbfj4 ,lib4 #a4 ,miles4   
#fbfa4 ,ovid4 ,if you would marry       
suitably1 marry your equal in every     
respect4  #fbfb4 ,parental virtue is a  
rich inheritance1 as well as that       

chastity which habitually avoids a      
second husband4  #fbfc4 ,rabelais hist4 
,pantagruel3 l4 #c4 cap4 #cc4  #fbfd4   
,hom4 #hj4 ,qui pulchram habet uxorem1  
nihil pejus habere potest4  #fbfe4      
,arniseus4  #fbff4 ,itinerar4 ,ital4    
,coloniae edit4 #afbj4 ,nomine trium4   
,ger4 fol4 #cjd4 displicuit quod dominae
 filiabus immutent nomen inditum1 in    
,baptisime1 et pro ,catharina1          
,margareta1 c4 ne quid desit ad         
luxuriam1 appellant ipsas nominibus     
,cynthiae1 ,camaenae1 c4  #fbfg4        
,leonicus de var4 lib4 #c4 c4 #dc4      
,asylus virginum deformium ,cassandrae  
templum4 ,plutarch4  #fbfh4 ,polycrat4  
l4 #h4 cap4 #aa4  #fbfi4 ,if your wife  
seem deformed1 your maid beautiful1     
still abstain from the latter4  #fbgj4  
,marullus4 ,not the most fair but the   
most virtuous pleases me4  #fbga4       
,chaloner lib4 #i4 de repub4 ,ang4      
#fbgb4 ,lib4 #b4 num4 #aei4  #fbgc4 ,si 
genetrix caste1 caste quoque filia      
vivit2 si meretrix mater1 filia talis   

erit4  #fbgd4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #f4  #fbge4 
,camerarius cent4 #b4 cap4 #ed4 oper4   
subcis4  #fbgf4 ,ser4 #gb4 ,quod amicus 
quidam uxorem habens mihi dixit1 dicam  
vobis4 ,in cubili cavendae adulationes  
vesperi1 mane clamores4  #fbgg4 ,lib4   
#d4 tit4 #d4 de institut4 ,reipub4 cap4 
de officio mariti et uxoris4  #fbgh4    
,lib4 #d4 syl4 nup4 num4 #ha4 ,non      
curant de uxoribus1 nec volunt iis      
subvenire de victu1 vestitu1 c4  #fbgi4 
,in ,clio4 ,speciem uxoris supra modum  
extollens1 fecit ut illam nudam coram   
aspiceret4  #fbhj4 ,juven4 ,sat4 #f4 ,he
 cannot kiss his wife for paint4  #fbha4
 ,orat1 contra ebr4  #fbhb4 ,that a     
matron should not be seen in public     
without her husband as her spokesman4   
#fbhc4 ,helpless deer1 what are we but a
 prey8  #fbhd4 ,ad baptismum1           
matrimonium et tumultum4  #fbhe4 ,non   
vociferatur illa si maritus obganniat4  
#fbhf4 ,fraudem aperiens ostendit ei non
 aquam sed silentium iracundiae         
moderari4  #fbhg4 ,horol4 princi4 lib4  

#b4 cap4 #h4 ,diligenter cavendum       
foeminis illustribus ne frequenter      
exeant4  #fbhh4 ,chaloner4 ,one who     
delights in the labour of the distaff1  
and beguiles the hours of labour with a 
song3 her duties assume an air of       
virtuous beauty when she is busied at   
the wheel and the spindle with her      
maids4  #fbhi4 ,menander4 ,whoever      
guards his wife with bolts and bars will
 repent his narrow policy4  #fbij4 ,lib4
 #e4 num4 #aa4  #fbia4 ,ctesias in      
,persicis finxit vulvae morbum esse nec 
curari posse nisi cum viro concumberet1 
hac arte voti compos1 c4  #fbib4        
,exsolvit vinculis solutumque demisit1  
at ille inhumanus stupravit conjugem4   
#fbic4 ,plutarch4 vita ejus4  #fbid4    
,rosinus lib4 #b4 #ai4 ,valerius lib4   
#b4 cap4 #a4  #fbie4 ,alexander ab      
,alexandro l4 #d4 cap4 #h4 gen4 dier4   
#fbif4 ,fr4 ,rueus de gemmis l4 #b4 cap4
 #h4 et #ae4  #fbig4 ,strozzius ,cicogna
 lib4 #b4 cap4 #ae4 spiritet in can4    
habent ibidem uxores quot volunt cum    

oculis clarissimis1 quos nunquam in     
aliquem praeter maritum fixuri sunt1 c4 
,bredenbacchius1 ,idem et ,bohemus1 c4  
#fbih4 ,uxor caeca ducat maritum surdum1
 c4  #fbii4 ,see ,valent4 ,nabod4       
differ4 com4 in ,alcabitium1 ubi plura4 
#fcjj4 ,cap4 #df4 ,apol4 quod mulieres  
sine concupiscentia aspicere non posset1
 c4  #fcja4 ,ye gods avert such a       
pestilence from the world4  #fcjb4      
,called religious because it is still   
conversant about religion and such      
divine objects4  #fcjc4 ,grotius4       
,proceed1 ye muses1 nor desert me in the
 middle of my journey1 where no         
footsteps lead me1 no wheeltracks       
indicate the transit of former chariots4
  #fcjd4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4 nonnulli   
opinionibus addicti sunt1 et futura se  
praedicere arbitrantur4  #fcje4 ,aliis  
videtur quod sunt prophetae et inspirati
 a ,spiritu sancto1 et incipiunt        
prophetare1 et multa futura praedicunt4 
#fcjf4 ,cap4 #f4 de ,melanch4  #fcjg4   
,cap4 #e1 ,tractat4 multi ob timorem    

,dei sunt melancholici1 et timorem      
gehennae4 ,they are still troubled for  
their sins4  #fcjh4 ,plater c4 #ac4     
#fcji4 ,melancholia ,erotica vel quae   
cum amore est1 duplex est3 prima quae ab
 aliis forsan non meretur nomen         
melancholiae1 est affectio eorum quae   
pro objecto proponunt ,deum et ideo     
nihil aliud curant aut cogitant quam    
,deum1 jejunia1 vigilias3 altera ob     
mulieres4  #fcaj4 ,alia reperitur       
furoris species a prima vel a secunda1  
deorum rogantium1 vel afflatu numinum   
furor hic venit4  #fcaa4 ,qui in        
,delphis futura praedicunt vates1 et in 
,dodona sacerdotes furentes quidem multa
 jocunda ,graecis deferunt1 sani vero   
exigua am nulla4  #fcab4 ,deus bonus1   
,justus1 pulcher1 juxta ,platonem4      
#fcac4 ,miror et stupeo cum coelum      
aspicio et pulchritudinem siderum1      
angelorum1 c4 et quis digne laudet quod 
an nobis viget1 corpus tam pulchrum1    
frontem pulchram1 nares1 genas1 oculos1 
in ellectum1 omnia pulchra2 si sic in   

creaturis laboramus2 quid in ipso deo8  
#fcad4 ,drexelius ,nicet4 lib4 #b4 cap4 
#aa4  #fcae4 ,fulgor divinae majestatis4
 ,aug4  #fcaf4 ,in ,psal4 lxiv4 misit ad
 nos ,epistolas et totam scripturam1    
quibus nobis faceret amandi desiderium4 
#fcag4 ,epist4 #dh4 l4 #d4 quid est tota
 scriptura nisi ,epistola omnipotentis  
,dei ad creaturum suam8  #fcah4 ,cap4   
vi4 #h4  #fcai4 ,cap4 xxvii4 #aa4       
#fcbj4 ,in ,psal4 lxxxv4 omnes          
pulchritudines terrenas auri1 argenti1  
nemorum et camporum pulchritudinem      
,solis et ,lunae1 stellarum1 omnia      
pulchra superans4  #fcba4 ,immortalis   
haec visio immortalis amor1 indefessus  
amor et visio4  #fcbb4 ,osorius2        
ubicunque visio et pulchritudo divini   
aspectus1 ibi voluptas ex eodem fonte   
omnisque beatitudo1 nec ab ejus aspectu 
voluptas1 nec ab illa voluptate aspectus
 separari potest4  #fcbc4 ,leon         
,haebreus4 ,dubitatur an humana         
felicitas ,deo cognoscendo an amando    
terminetur4  #fcbd4 ,lib4 de anima4 ,ad 

hoc objectum amandum et fruendum nati   
sumus2 et hunc expetisset1 unicum hunc  
amasset humana1 voluntas1 ut summum     
bonum1 et caeteras res omnes eo ordine4 
#fcbe4 #i4 de ,repub4  #fcbf4 ,hom4 #i4 
in epist4 ,johannis cap4 #b4 ,multos    
conjugium decepit1 res alioqui salutaris
 et necessaria1 eo quod caeco ejus amore
 decepti1 divini amoris et gloriae      
studium in universum abjecerunt2        
plurimos cibus et potus perdit4  #fcbg4 
,in mundo splendor opum gloriae         
majestas1 amicitiarum praesidia1        
verborum blanditiae1 voluptatum omnis   
generis illecebrae1 victoriae1 triumphi1
 et infinita alia ab amore dei nos      
abstrahunt1 c4  #fcbh4 ,in ,psal4 xxxii4
 ,dei amicus esse non potest qui mundi  
studiis delectatur2 ut hanc1 formam     
videas munda cor1 serena cor1 c4  #fcbi4
 ,contemplationis pluma nos sublevat1   
atque inde erigimur intentione cordis1  
dulcedine contemplationis distinct4 #f4 
de #g4 ,itineribus4  #fccj4 ,lib4 de    
victimis3 amans ,deum1 sublimia petit1  

sumptis alis et in coelum recte volat1  
relicta terra1 cupidus aberrandi cum    
sole1 luna1 stellarumque sacra militia1 
ipso ,deo duce4  #fcca4 ,in com4 ,plat4 
cap4 #g4 ut ,solem videas oculis1 fieri 
debes ,solaris3 ut divinam aspicias     
pulchritudinem1 demitte materiam1       
demitte sensum1 et ,deum qualis sit     
videbis4  #fccb4 ,avare1 quid inhias    
his1 c4 pulchrior est qui te ambit ipsum
 visurus1 ipsum habiturus4  #fccc4      
,prov4 viii4  #fccd4 ,cap4 #ah4 ,rom4   
,amorem hunc divinum totis viribus      
amplexamini2 ,deum vobis omni officiorum
 genere propitium facite4  #fcce4 ,cap4 
#g4 de pulchritudine regna et imperia   
totius terras et maris et coeli oportet 
abjicere si ad ipsum conversus veils    
inseri4  #fccf4 ,habitus a ,deo infusus1
 per quem inclinatur homo ad diligendum 
,deum super omnia4  #fccg4 ,dial4 #a4   
,omnia4 convertit amor in ipsius pulchri
 naturam4  #fcch4 ,stromatum lib4 #b4   
#fcci4 ,greenham4  #fcdj4 ,de primo     
praecepto4  #fcda4 ,de relig4 l4 #b4    

,thes4 #a4  #fcdb4 #b ,de nat4 deorum4  
#fcdc4 ,hist4 ,belgic4 lib4 #h4  #fcdd4 
,superstitio error insanus est epist4   
#bbc4  #fcde4 ,nam qui superstitione    
imbutus est1 quietus esse nunquam       
potest4  #fcdf4 ,greg4  #fcdg4 ,polit4  
lib4 #a4 cap4 #ac4  #fcdh4 ,hor4  #fcdi4
 ,epist1 ,phalar4  #fcej4 ,in ,psal4    
iii4  #fcea4 ,lib4 #i4 cap4 #f4  #fceb4 
,lib4 #c4  #fcec4 ,lib4 #f4 descrip4    
,graec4 nulla est via qua non innumeris 
idolis est referta4 ,tantum tunc        
temporis in miserrimos mortales         
potentiae et crudelis ,tyrannidis ,satan
 exercuit4  #fced4 ,the devil divides   
the empire with ,jupiter4  #fcee4 ,alex4
 ab4 ,alex4 lib4 #f4 cap4 #bf4  #fcef4  
,purchas ,pilgrim4 lib4 #a4 c4 #c4      
#fceg4 ,lib4 #c4  #fceh4 #b ,part4 sect4
 #c4 lib4 #a4 cap4 et deinceps4  #fcei4 
,titelmannus4 ,maginus4 ,bredenbachius4 
,fr4 ,aluaresius ,itin4 de ,abyssinis   
,herbis solum vescuntur votarii1 aquis  
mento tenus dormiunt1 c4  #fcfj4        
,bredenbactoius ,jod4 a ,meggen4  #fcfa4

 ,see ,passevinus ,herbastein1 ,magin4  
,d4 ,fletcher1 ,jovius1 ,hacluit4       
,purchas1 c4 of their errors4  #fcfb4   
,deplorat4 ,gentis ,lapp4  #fcfc4 ,gens 
superstitioni obnoxia1 religionibus     
adversa4  #fcfd4 ,boissardus de ,magia4 
,intra septimum aut nonum a baptismo    
diem moriuntur4 ,hinc fit1 c4  #fcfe4   
,cap4 de ,incolis terrae sanctae4       
#fcff4 ,plato in ,crit4 ,daemones       
custodes sunt hominum et eorum domini1  
ut nos animalium2 nec hominibus1 sed et 
regionibus imperant1 vaticiniis1        
auguriis1 nos regunt4 ,idem fere ,max4  
,tyrius ser4 #a4 et #bf4 #bg4 medios    
vult daemones inter ,deos et homines    
deorum ministros1 praesides hominum1 a  
coelo ad homines descendentes4  #fcfg4  
,depraeparat4 ,evangel4  #fcfh4 ,vel in 
abusum ,dei vel in aemulationem4        
,dandinus com4 in lib4 #b4 ,arist4 de   
,an4 ,text4 #bi4  #fcfi4 ,daemones      
consulunt1 et familiares habent daemones
 plerique sacerdotes4 ,riccius lib4 #a4 
cap4 #aj4 expedit ,sinar4  #fcgj4 ,vitam

 turbant1 somnos inquietant1 irrepentes 
etiam in corpora merites terrent1       
valetudinem frangunt1 morbos lacessant1 
ut ad cultum sui cogant1 nec aliud his  
studium1 quam ut a vera religione1 ad   
superstitionem vertant3 cum sint ipsi   
poenales1 quaerunt sibi adpoenas        
comites1 ut habeant erroris participes4 
#fcga4 ,lib4 #d4 praeparat4 ,evangel1 c4
 ,tantamque victoriam amentia hominum   
consequuti sunt1 ut si colligere in unum
 velis1 universum orbem istis           
scelestibus spiritibus subjectum fuisse 
invenies3 ,usque ad ,salvaloris adventum
 hominum caede perniciosissimos daemones
 placabant1 c4  #fcgb4 ,plato4  #fcgc4  
,strozzius ,cicogna omnif4 mag4 lib4 #c4
 cap4 #g4 ,ezek4 viii4 #d42 ,reg4 #aa4  
#d42 ,reg4 #c4 et #ag4 #ad2 ,jer4 xlix42
 ,num4 xi4 #c42 ,reg4 #ac4  #fcgd4 ,lib4
 #d4 cap4 #h4 praepar4  #fcge4 ,bapt4   
,mant4 #d4 ,fast1 de ,sancto ,georgio4  
,o great master of war1 whom our youths 
worship as if he were ,mars self4       
#fcgf4 ,part4 #a4 cap4 #a4 et lib4 #b4  

cap4 #i4  #fcgg4 ,polyd4 ,virg4 lib4 #a4
 de prodig4  #fcgh4 ,hor4 l4 #c4 od4 #f4
  #fcgi4 ,lib4 #c4 hist4  #fchj4 ,orata 
lege me dicastis mulieres ,dion4        
,halicarn4  #fcha4 ,tully de nat4 deorum
 lib4 #b4 ,aequa ,venus ,teucris ,pallas
 iniqua fuit4  #fchb4 ,jo4 ,molanus lib4
 #c4 cap4 #ei4  #fchc4 ,pet4 ,oliver4 de
 ,johanne primo ,portugalliae ,rege     
strenue pugnans1 et diversae partis     
ictus clypeo excipiens4  #fchd4 ,l4 #ad4
 ,loculos sponte aperuisse et pro iis   
pugnasse4  #fche4 ,religion1 as they    
hold1 is policy1 invented alone to keep 
men in awe4  #fchf4 ,annal4  #fchg4     
,omnes religione moventur4 #e4 in       
,verrem4  #fchh4 ,zeleuchus1 praefat4   
legis qui urbem aut regionem inhabitant1
 persuasos esse oportet esse ,deos4     
#fchi4 #aj4 de legibus4 ,religio        
neglecta maximam pestem in civitatem    
infert1 omnium scelerum fenestram       
aperit4  #fcij4 ,cardarius ,com4 in     
,ptolomeum quadripart4  #fcia4 ,lipsius 
l4 #a4 c4 #c4  #fcib4 ,homo sine        

religione1 sicut equus sine fraeno4     
#fcic4 ,vaninus dial4 #eb4 de oraculis4 
#fcid4 ,if a religion be false1 only let
 it be supposed to be true1 and it will 
tame mental ferocity1 restrain lusts1   
and make loyal subjects4  #fcie4 ,lib4  
#aj4 ,ideo ,lycurgus1 c4 non quod ipse  
superstitiosus1 sed quod videret        
mortales paradoxa facilius amplecti1 nec
 res graves audere sine periculo deorum4
  #fcif4 ,cleonardus epist4 #a4 ,novas  
leges suas ad ,angelum ,gabrielem       
referebat1 pro monitore mentiebatur     
omnia se gerere4  #fcig4 ,lib4 #af4     
belli ,gallici4 ,ut metu mortis         
neglecto1 ad virtutem incitarent4       
#fcih4 ,de his lege ,luciatium de luctu 
tom4 #a4 ,homer4 ,odyss4 #aa4 ,virg4    
,aen4 #f4  #fcii4 ,baratheo sulfure et  
flamma stagnante sternum demergebantur4 
#fdjj4 ,et #c4 de repub4 omnis          
institutio adolescentum eo referenda ut 
de deo bene sentiant ob commune bonum4  
#fdja4 ,boterus4  #fdjb4 ,citra aquam1  
viridarium plantavit maximum et         

pulcherrimum1 floribus odoriferis et    
suavibus plenum1 c4  #fdjc4 ,potum      
quendam dedit quo inescatus1 et gravi   
sopore oppressus1 in viridarium interim 
ducebatur1 c4  #fdjd4 ,atque iterum     
memoratum potum bibendum exhibuit1 et   
sic extra ,paradisum reduxit1 ut cum    
evigilaret1 sopore soluto1 c4  #fdje4   
,lib4 #a4 de orb4 ,concord4 cap4 #g4    
#fdjf4 ,lib4 #d4  #fdjg4 ,lib4 #d4      
#fdjh4 ,exerc4 #bbh4  #fdji4 ,s4 ,ed4   
,sands4  #fdaj4 ,in consult4 de princ4  
inter provinc4 ,europ4  #fdaa4 ,lucian4 
,by themselves sustain the brunt of     
every battle4  #fdab4 ,s4 ,ed4 ,sands in
 his ,relation4  #fdac4 ,seneca4  #fdad4
 ,vice cotis1 acutum ,reddere quae      
ferrum valet1 exors ipsa secandi4       
#fdae4 ,de civ4 ,dei lib4 #d4 cap4 #ca4 
#fdaf4 ,seeking their own1 saith ,paul1 
not ,christ's4  #fdag4 ,he hath the     
,duchy of ,spoleto in ,italy1 the       
,marquisate of ,ancona1 beside ,rome1   
and the territories adjacent1 ,bologna1 
,ferrara1 c4 ,avignon in ,france1 c4    

#fdah4 ,estote fratres mei1 et principes
 hujus mundi4  #fdai4 ,the ,laity       
suspect their greatness1 witness those  
statutes of mortmain4  #fdbj4 ,lib4 #h4 
de ,academ4  #fdba4 ,praefat4 lib4 de   
paradox4 ,jesuit-,rom4 provincia habet  
,col4 #cf4 ,neapol4 #bc4 ,veneta #ac4   
,lucit4 #ae4 ,india1 orient4 #ag4       
,brazil4 #bj1 c4  #fdbb4 ,in his        
,chronic4 vit4 ,hen4 #h4  #fdbc4 #ae4   
cap4 of his funeral monuments4  #fdbd4  
,pausanias in ,laconicis lib4 #c4 ,idem 
de ,achaicas lib4 #g4 cujus summae opes1
 et valde inclyta fama4  #fdbe4         
,exercit4 ,eth4 ,colleg4 #c4 disp4 #c4  
#fdbf4 ,act4 xix4 #bh4  #fdbg4 ,pontifex
 ,romanus prorsus inermis regibus terrae
 jura dat1 ad regna evehit ad pacem     
cogit1 et peccantes castigat1 c4 quod   
imperatores ,romani #dj4 legionibus     
armati non effecerunt4  #fdbh4 ,mirum   
quanta passus sit ,h4 #b4 quomodo se    
submisit1 ea se facturum pollicitus1    
quorum hodie ne privatus quidem partem  
faceret4  #fdbi4 ,sigonius #i4 hist4    

,ital4  #fdcj4 ,curio lib4 #d4 ,fox     
,martyrol4  #fdca4 ,hierocles contends  
,apollonius to have been as great a     
prophet as ,christ1 whom ,eusebius      
confutes4  #fdcb4 ,munster ,cosmog4 l4  
#c4 c4 #cg4 ,artifices ex officinis1    
arator e stiva1 foeminae e colo1 c4     
quasi numine quodam rapti1 nesciis      
parentibus et dominis recta adeunt1 c4  
,combustus demum ab ,herbipolensi       
,episcopo2 haeresis evanuit4  #fdcc4    
,nulla non provincia haeresibus1        
,atheismis1 c1 plena4 ,nullus orbis     
angulus ab hisce belluis immunis4       
#fdcd4 ,lib4 #a4 de nat4 ,deorum4 ,he   
gave to man an upward gaze1 commanding  
him to fix his eyes on heaven4  #fdce4  
,zanchius4  #fdcf4 ,virg4 #f4 ,aen4     
#fdcg4 ,superstitio ex ignorantia       
divinitatis emersit1 ex vitiosa         
aemulatione et daemonis illecebris1     
inconstans1 timens1 fluctuans1 et cui se
 addicat nesciens1 quem imploret1 cui se
 committat1 a daemone facile decepta4   
,lemnius1 lib4 #c4 c4 #h4  #fdch4       

,seneca4  #fdci4 ,vide ,baronium #c     
,annalium ad annum #cbd4 vit4           
,constantin4  #fddj4 ,de rerum          
varietate1 l4 #c4 c4 #ch4 ,parum vero   
distat sapientia virorum a puerili1     
multo minus senum et mulierum1 cum metu 
et superstitione et aliena stultitia et 
improbitate simplices agitantur4  #fdda4
 ,in all superstition wise men follow   
fools4 ,bacon's ,essays4  #fddb4        
,peregrin1 ,hieros4 ca4 #e4 totum       
scriptum confusum sine ordine vel       
colore1 absque sensu et ratione ad      
rusticissimos1 idem dedit1 rudissimos1  
et prorsus agrestes1 qui nullius erant  
discretionis1 ut dijudicare possent4    
#fddc4 ,lib4 #a4 cap4 #i4 ,valent4      
haeres4 #i4  #fddd4 ,meteranus li4 #h4  
hist4 ,belg4  #fdde4 ,si doctores suum  
fecissent officium1 et plebem fidei     
commissam recte instituissent de        
doctrirnae christianae1 capitib4 nec    
sacris scripturis interdixissent1 de    
multis proculdubio recte sensissent4    
#fddf4 ,curtius li4 #d4  #fddg4 ,see    

more in ,kemnisius' ,examen ,concil4    
,trident4 de ,purgatorio4  #fddh4 ,part 
#a4 c4 #af1 part #c4 cap4 #ah4 et #ad4  
#fddi4 ,austin4  #fdej4 ,curtius1 lib4  
#h4  #fdea4 ,lampridius vitae ejus4     
,virgines vestales1 et sacrum ignem     
,romae extinxit1 et omnes ubique per    
orbem terrae religiones1 unum hoc       
studens ut solus deus coleretur4  #fdeb4
 ,flagellatorum secta4 ,munster4 lib4   
#c4 ,cosmog4 cap4 #ai4  #fdec4 ,votum   
coelibatus1 monachatus4  #fded4 ,mater  
sanitatis1 clavis coelorum1 ala animae  
quae leves pennas producat1 ut in       
sublime ferat2 currus spiritus sancti1  
vexilium fidei1 porta paradisi1 vita    
angelorum1 c4  #fdee4 ,castigo corpus   
meum4  #fdef4 ,mor4 necom4  #fdeg4 ,lib4
 #h4 cap4 #aj4 de rerum varietate3      
admiratione digna sunt quae per jejunium
 hoc modo contingunt3 somnia1           
superstitio1 contemptus tormentorum1    
mortis desiderium obstinata opinio1     
insania3 jejunium naturaliter preparat  
ad haec omnia4  #fdeh4 ,epist4 i4 #c4   

,ita attenuatus fuit jejunio et         
vigiliis1 in tantum exeso corpora ut    
ossibus vix haerebat1 undo nocte        
infantum vagitus1 balatus pecorum1      
mugitus boum1 voces et ludibria         
daemonum1 c4  #fdei4 ,lib4 de           
abstinentia1 ,sobrietas et continentia  
mentem deo conjungunt4  #fdfj4 ,extasis 
nihil est aliud quam gustus futurae     
beatitudinis4 ,erasmus epist4 ad        
,dorpium in qua toti absorbemur in      
,deum4  #fdfa4 ,si religiosum nimis     
jejunia videris observantem1 audaciter  
melancholicum pronunciabis4 ,tract4 #e4 
cap4 #e4  #fdfb4 ,solitudo ipsa1 mens   
aegra laboribus anxiis et jejuniis1 tum 
temperatura cibis mutata agrestibus1 et 
humor melancholicus ,heremitis          
illusionum causa sunt4  #fdfc4 ,solitudo
 est causa apparitionum2 nulli          
visionibus et hinc delirio magis obnoxii
 sunt quam qui collegis et eremo vivunt 
monachi3 tales plerumque melancholici ob
 victum1 solitudinem4  #fdfd4 ,monachi  
sese putant prophetare ex ,deo1 et qui  

solitariam agunt vitam1 quum sit        
instinctu daemonum2 et sic falluntur    
fatidicae2 a malo genio habent1 quas    
putant a ,deo1 et sic enthusiastae4     
#fdfe4 ,sibylla1 ,pythii1 et prophetae  
qui divinare solent1 omnes fanatici sunt
 melancholici4  #fdff4 ,exercit4 c4 #a4 
#fdfg4 ,de divinatione et magicis       
praestigiis4  #fdfh4 ,idem4  #fdfi4     
,post4 #ae dierum preces et jejunia1    
mirabiles videbat visiones4  #fdgj4     
,fol4 #hd4 vita ,stephani1 et fol4 #agg4
 post trium mensium inediam et languorem
 per #i dies nihil comedens aut bibens4 
#fdga4 ,after contemplation in an       
ecstasy2 so ,hierom was whipped for     
reading ,tully2 see millions of examples
 in our annals4  #fdgb4 ,bede1 ,gregory1
 ,jacobus de ,voragine1 ,lippomanus1    
,hieronymus1 ,john ,major de vitiis     
patrum1 c4  #fdgc4 ,fol4 #aii4 post     
abstinentiae curas miras illusiones     
daemonum audivit4  #fdgd4 ,fol4 #aee4   
post seriam meditationem in vigila dici 
dominicae visionem habuit de purgatorio4

  #fdge4 ,ubi multos dies manent jejuni 
consilio sacerdotum auxilia invocantes4 
#fdgf4 ,in ,necromant4 ,et cibus quidem 
glandes erant1 potus aqua1 lectus sub   
divo1 c4  #fdgg4 ,john ,everardus       
,britanno4 ,romanus lib4 edit4 #afaa    
describes all the manner of it4  #fdgh4 
,varius mappa componere risum vix       
poterat4  #fdgi4 ,pleno ridet           
,catphurnius ore4 ,hor4  #fdhj4 ,alanus 
de ,insulis4  #fdha4 ,cicero #a4 de     
finibus4  #fdhb4 ,in ,micah comment4    
#fdhc4 ,gall4 hist4 lib4 #a4  #fdhd4    
,lactantius4  #fdhe4 ,juv4 ,sat4 #ae4   
#fdhf4 ,comment in ,micah4 ,ferre non   
possunt ut illorum ,messias communis    
servator sit1 nostrum gaudium1 c4       
,messias vel decem decies crucifixuri   
essent1 ipsumque ,deum si id fieri      
posset1 una cum angelis et creaturis    
omnibus1 nec absterretur ab hoc facto et
 si mille interna subeunda forent4      
#fdhg4 ,lucret4  #fdhh4 ,lucan4  #fdhi4 
,ad ,galat4 comment4 ,nomen odiosius    
meum quam ullus homicida aut fur4       

#fdij4 ,in comment4 ,micah4 ,adeo       
incomprehensibilis et aspera eorum      
superbia1 c4  #fdia4 ,synagog4          
,judaeorum1 ca4 #a4 ,inter eorum        
intelligentissimos ,rabbinos nil praeter
 ignorantiam et insipientiam grandem    
invenies1 horrendam indurationem1 et    
obsti nationem1 c4  #fdib4 ,great is    
,diana of the ,ephesians1 ,act4 xv4     
#fdic4 ,malunt cum illis insanire1 quam 
cum aliis bene sentire4  #fdid4 ,acosta1
 l4 #e4  #fdie4 ,o ,aegypte1 religionis 
tuae solae supersunt fabulae eaeque     
incredibiles posteris tuis4  #fdif4     
,meditat4 #ai4 de coena domin4  #fdig4  
,lib4 #a4 de trin4 cap4 #b4 si decepti  
sumus1 c4  #fdih4 ,vide ,samsatis       
,isphocanis objectiones in monachum     
,milesium4  #fdii4 ,lege ,hossman4 ,mus 
exenteratus4  #fejj4 ,as true as        
,homer's ,iliad1 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1
 ,aesop's ,fables4  #feja4 ,dial4 #eb4  
de oraculis4  #fejb4 ,o sanctas gentes  
quibus haec nascuntur in horto ,numina6 
,juven4 ,sat4 #ae4  #fejc4 ,prudentius4 

,having proceeded to deify leeks and    
onions1 you1 oh ,egypt1 worship such    
gods4  #fejd4 ,praefat4 ver4 hist4      
#feje4 ,tiguri4 fol4 #adid4  #fejf4     
,rosin1 antiq4 ,rom4 l4 #b4 c4 #a4 et   
deinceps4  #fejg4 ,lib4 de divinatione  
et magicis praestigiis in ,mopso4       
#fejh4 ,cosmo ,paccio ,interpret4 nihil 
ab aeris caligine aut figurarum         
varietate impeditus meram pulchritudinem
 meruit1 exultans et misericordia motus1
 cognatos amicos qui adhuc morantur in  
terra tuetur1 errantibus succurrit1 c4  
,deus hoc jussit ut essent genii dii    
tutelares hominibus1 bonos juvantes1    
males punientes1 c4  #feji4 ,sacrorum   
gent4 descript4 non bene meritos solum1 
sed et tyrannos pro diis colunt1 qui    
genus humanum horrendum in modum        
portentosa immanitate divexarunt1 c4    
foedas meretrices1 c4  #feaj4 ,cap4 #bb4
 de ver4 rel4 ,deos finxerunt eorum     
poetae1 ut infiantium puppas4  #feaa4   
,proem1 lib4 ,contra1 philos4  #feab4   
,livius1 lib4 #a4 ,deus vobis in        

posterum propitius1 ,quirites4  #feac4  
,anth4 ,verdure ,imag4 deorum4  #fead4  
,mulieris candido splendentes ainicimine
 varioque laetentes gestimine1 verno    
florentes conamine1 solum sternentes4 c4
 ,apuleius1 lib4 #aa4 de ,asino aureo4  
#feae4 ,magna religione quaeritur quae  
possit adultoria plura numerare ,minut4 
#feaf4 ,lib4 de sacrificiis1 ,fumo      
inhiantes4 et muscarum in morem         
sanguinem exugentes circum aras effusum4
  #feag4 ,imagines ,deorum lib4 sic4    
inscript4  #feah4 ,de ver4 relig4 cap4  
#bb4 ,indigni qui terram calcent1 c4    
#feai4 ,octaviano4  #febj4 ,jupiter     
,tragoedus1 de sacrificiis1 et passim   
alias4  #feba4 #fff several kinds of    
sacrifices in ,egypt ,major reckons up1 
tom4 #b4 coll4 of which read more in    
cap4 #a4 of ,laurentius ,pignorius his  
,egypt characters1 a cause of which     
,sanubiua gives subcis4 lib4 #c4 cap4   
#a4  #febb4 ,herod4 ,clio4 ,immolavit   
lecta pecora ter mille ,delphis1 una cum
 lectis phialis tribus4  #febc4         

,superstitiosus ,julianus innumeras sine
 parsirnonia pecudes mactavit4 ,amianus 
#be4 ,boves albi4 ,m4 ,caesari salutem1 
si tu viceris perimus2 lib4 #c4 ,romara 
observantissimi sunt ceremoniarum1 bello
 praesertim4  #febd4 ,de sacrificiis3   
nuculam pro bona valetudine1 boves      
quatuor pro divitiis1 centum tauros pro 
sospite a ,trojae reditu1 c4  #febe4 ,de
 sacris ,gentil4 et sacrific4 ,tyg4     
#aeif4  #febf4 ,enimvero si quis        
recenseret quae stulti mortales in      
festis1 sacrificiis1 diis adorandis1 c4 
quae vota faciant1 quid de iis statuant1
 c4 haud scio an risurus1 c4  #febg4    
,max4 ,tyrius ser4 #a4 ,croesus regum   
omnium stultissimus de lebete consulit1 
alius de numero arenarum1 dimensione    
maris1 c4  #febh4 ,lib4 #d4  #febi4     
,perigr4 ,hierosol4  #fecj4 ,solinus4   
#feca4 ,herodotus4  #fecb4 ,boterus     
polit4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #af4  #fecc4       
,plutarch vit4 ,crassi4  #fecd4 ,they   
were of the ,greek church4  #fece4 ,lib4
 #e4 de gestis ,scanderbegis4  #fecf4   

,in templis immania ,idolorum monstra   
conspiciuntur1 marmorea1 lignea1 lutea1 
c4 ,riccius4  #fecg4 ,deum enim placare 
non est opus1 quia non nocet2 sed       
daemonem sacrifices placant1 c4  #fech4 
,fer4 ,cortesius4  #feci4 ,m4 ,polas4   
,lod4 ,vertomannus navig4 lib4 #f4 cap4 
#i4 ,p4 ,martyr4 ,ocean1 dec4  #fedj4   
,propertius lib4 #c4 eleg4 #ab4 ,there  
is a contest amongst the living wives as
 to which shall follow the husband1 and 
not be allowed to die for him is        
accounted a disgrace4  #feda4 ,matthias 
a ,michou4  #fedb4 ,epist4 ,jesuit4     
anno4 #aedi4 a ,xaverto et socus4       
,idemque ,riccius expedid4 ad ,sinas l4 
#a4 per totum ,jejunatores apud eos toto
 die carnibus abstinent et piscibus ob  
religionem1 nocte et die ,idola         
colentes2 nusquam egredientes4  #fedc4  
,ad immortalitatem morte aspirant summi 
magistrates1 c4 ,et multi mortales hac  
insania1 et praepostero immortalitatis  
studio laborant1 et misere pereunt3 rex 
ipse clam venenum hausisset1 nisi a     

servo fuisset detentus4  #fedd4         
,cantione in lib4 #aj4 ,bonini de repub4
 fol4 #aaa4  #fede4 ,quin ipsius diaboli
 ut nequitiam referant4  #fedf4 ,lib4 de
 superstit4  #fedg4 ,hominibus vitas    
finis mors1 non autem superstitionis1   
profert haec suos terminos ultra vitae  
finem4  #fedh4 ,buxtorfius ,synagog4    
,jud4 c4 #d4 ,inter precandum nemo      
pediculos attingat1 vel pulicem1 aut per
 guttur inferius ventum emittas1 c4 ,id4
 c4 #e4 et4 seq4 cap4 #cf4  #fedi4      
,illic omnia animalia1 pisces1 aves1    
quos ,deus unquam creavit mactabuntur1  
et vinum generosum1 c4  #feej4 ,cujus   
lapsu cedri altissimi #cjj dejecti sunt1
 quumque e lapsu ovum fuerat confractum1
 pagi #afj inde submersi1 et alluvione  
inundati4  #feea4 ,every king of the    
world shall send him one of his         
daughters to be his wife1 because it is 
written1 ,ps4 xlv4 #aj4 ,kings'         
daughters shall attend on him1 c4       
#feeb4 ,quum quadringentis adhuc        
milliaribus ab imperatore ,leo hic      

abesset1 tam fortiter rugiebat1 ut      
mulieres ,romanae abortierint omnes1    
mutique1 c4  #feec4 ,strozzius ,cicogna 
omnif4 mag4 lib4 #a4 c4 #a4 putida multa
 recenset ex ,alcorano1 de coelo1       
stellis1 ,angelis1 ,lonicerus c4 #ba1   
#bb4 l4 #a4  #feed4 ,quinquies in die   
orare ,turcae tenentur ad meridiem4     
,bredenbachius cap4 #e4  #feee4 ,in     
quolibet anno mensem integrum jejunant  
interdiu1 nec comedentes nec bibentes1  
c4  #feef4 ,nullis unquam multi per     
totam aetatem carnibus vescuntur4 ,leo  
,afer4  #feeg4 ,lonicerus to4 #a4 cap4  
#ag4 #ah4  #feeh4 ,gotardus ,arthus ca4 
#cc4 hist4 orient4 ,indiae2 opinio est  
expiatorium esse ,gangem2 et nec mundum 
ab omni peccato nec salvum fieri posse1 
qui non hoc flumine se abluat3 quam ob  
causam ex tota ,india1 c4  #feei4 ,quia 
nil volunt deinceps videre4  #fefj4     
,nullum se conflictandi finem facit4    
#fefa4 ,ut in aliquem angulum se        
reciperet1 ne reus fieret ejus delicti  
quod ipse erat admissurus4  #fefb4      

,gregor4 ,hom4  #fefc4 ,bound to the    
dictates of no master4  #fefd4 ,epist4  
#aij4  #fefe4 ,orat4 #h4 ut vertigine   
correptis videntur omnia moveri1 omnia  
iis falsa sunt1 quum error in ipsorum   
cerebro sit4  #feff4 ,res novas         
affectant et inutiles1 falsa veris      
praeferunt4 #b4 quod temeritas          
effutierit1 id superbia post modum      
tuebitur et contumaciae1 c4  #fefg4 ,see
 more in ,vincent4 ,lyrin4  #fefh4      
,aust4 de haeres4 usus mulierum         
indifferens4  #fefi4 ,quod ante peccavit
 ,adam1 nudus erat4  #fegj4 ,alii nudis 
pedibus semper ambulant4  #fega4 ,insana
 feritate sibi non parcunt nam per      
mortes varias praecipitiorum aquarum et 
ignium4 seipsos necant1 et in istum     
furorem alios cogunt1 mortem minantes ni
 faciant4  #fegb4 ,elench4 haeret4 ab   
orbe condito4  #fegc4 ,nubrigensis4 lib4
 cap4 #ai4  #fegd4 ,jovian4 ,pont4 ,ant4
 ,dial4  #fege4 ,cum per ,paganos nomen 
ejus persequi non poterat1 sub specie   
religionis fraudulenter subvertere      

disponebat4  #fegf4 ,that writ de       
professo against ,christians1 et        
palestinum deum 7ut ,socrates lib4 #c4  
cap4 #ai47 scripturam nugis plenam1 c4  
vide ,cyrillum in ,julianum1 ,originem  
in ,celsum1 c4  #fegg4 ,one image had   
one gown worth #djj crowns and more4    
#fegh4 ,as at our lady's church at      
,bergamo in ,italy4  #fegi4 ,lucilius   
lib4 #a4 cap4 #bb4 de falsa relig4      
#fehj4 ,an4 #dda4  #feha4 ,hospinian    
,osiander4 ,an haec propositio ,deus sit
 cucurbita vel scarabeus1 sit aeque     
possibilis ac ,deus et homo8 ,an possit 
respectum producere sine fundamento et  
termino4 ,an levius sit hominem jugulare
 quam die dominico calceum consuere8    
#fehb4 ,de doct4 ,christian4  #fehc4    
,daniel4  #fehd4 ,whilst these fools    
avoid one vice they run into another of 
an opposite character4  #fehe4 ,agrip4  
ep4 #bi4  #fehf4 ,alex4 ,gaguin4 #bb4   
,discipulis ascitis mirum in modum      
populum decepit4  #fehg4 ,guicciard4    
descrip4 ,belg4 com4 plures habuit      

asseclas ab iisdem honoratus4  #fehh4   
,hen4 ,nicholas at ,leiden #aehj4 such a
 one4  #fehi4 ,see ,camden's ,annals fo4
 #bdb4 et #bhe4  #feij4 ,arius his      
bowels burst2 ,montanus hanged himself1 
c4 ,eudo de stellis1 his disciples1     
ardere potius quam ad vitam corrigi     
maluerunt2 tanta vis infixi semel       
erroris1 they died blaspheming4         
,nubrigensis c4 #i4 lib4 #a4 ,jer4 vii4 
#bc4 ,amos4 v4 #e4  #feia4 #e4 ,cap4    
#feib4 ,poplinerius ,lerius praef4 hist4
 ,rich4 ,dinoth4  #feic4 ,advers4       
gerites lib4 #a4 postquam in mundo      
,christiana gens coepit1 terrarum orbem 
periise1 et multis malis affectum esse  
genus humanum videmus4  #feid4 ,quod nec
 hyeme1 nec aestate tanta imbrium copia1
 nec frugibus torrendis solita          
flagrantia1 nec vernali temperie sata   
tam laeta sint1 nec arboreis foetibus   
autumni foecundi1 minus de montibus     
marmor ernatur1 minus aurum1 c4  #feie4 
,solitus erat oblectare se fidibus1 et  
voce musica canentium2 sed hoc omne     

sublatum ,sybillae cujusdam interventu1 
c4 ,inde quicquid erat instrumentorum   
,symphoniacorum1 aura gemmisque egregio 
opere distinctorum comminuit1 et in     
ignem injecit1 c4  #feif4 ,ob id genus  
observatiunculas videmus homines misere 
affligi1 et denique mori1 et sibi ipsis 
,christianos videri quum revera sint    
,judaei4  #feig4 ,ita in corpora nostra 
fortunasque decretis suis saeviit ut    
parum obfuerat nisi ,deus ,lutherum     
virum perpetua memoria dignissimum      
excitasset1 quin nobis faeno mox communi
 cum jumentis cibo utendum fuisset4     
#feih4 ,the ,gentiles in ,india will eat
 no sensible creatures1 or aught that   
hath blood in it4  #feii4 ,vandormilius 
de ,aucupio4 cap4 #bg4  #ffjj4 ,some    
explode all human authors1 arts1 and    
sciences1 poets1 histories1 c41 so      
precise1 their zeal overruns their wits2
 and so stupid1 they oppose all human   
learning1 because they are ignorant     
themselves and illiterate1 nothing must 
be read but ,scriptures2 but these men  

deserve to be pitied1 rather than       
confuted4 ,others are so strict they    
will admit of no honest game and        
pleasure1 no dancing1 singing1 other    
plays1 recreations and games1 hawking1  
hunting1 cock-fighting1 bear-baiting1   
c41 because to see one beast kill       
another is the fruit of our rebellion   
against ,god1 c4  #ffja4 ,nuda ac       
tremebunda cruentis ,irrepet genibus si 
candida jusserit ,ino4 ,juvenalis4      
,sect4 #f4  #ffjb4 ,munster ,cosmog4    
lib4 #c4 cap4 #ddd4 ,incidit in cloacam1
 unde se non possit eximere1 implorat   
opem sociorum1 sed illi negant1 c4      
#ffjc4 ,de benefic4 #g4 #b4  #ffjd4     
,numen venerare praesertim quod civitas 
colit4  #ffje4 ,octavio dial4  #ffjf4   
,annal4 tom4 #c4 ad annum #cbd4 #a4     
#ffjg4 ,ovid4 ,saturn is dead1 his laws 
died with him2 now that ,jupiter rules  
the world1 let us obey his laws4  #ffjh4
 ,in epist4 ,sym4  #ffji4 ,quia deus    
immensum quiddam est1 et infinitum cujus
 natura perfecte cognosci non potest1   

aequum ergo est1 ut diversa ratione     
colatur prout quisque aliquid de ,deo   
percipit aut intelligit4  #ffaj4        
,campanella ,calcaginus1 and others4    
#ffaa4 ,aeternae beatitudinis consortes 
fore1 qui sancte innocenterque hanc     
vitam traduxerint1 quamcunque illi      
religionem sequuti sunt4  #ffab4        
,comment4 in ,c4 ,tim4 #f4 ver4 #bj4 et 
#ba4 severitate cum agendum1 et non     
aliter4  #ffac4 ,quod silentium         
haereticis indixerit4  #ffad4 ,igne et  
fuste potius agendum cum haereticis quam
 cum disputationibus2 os alia loquens1  
c4  #ffae4 ,praefat4 ,hist4  #ffaf4     
,quidam conquestus est mihi de hoc      
morbo1 et deprecatus est ut ego illum   
curarem2 ego quaesivi ab eo quid        
sentiret2 respondit1 semper imaginor et 
cogito de ,deo et angelis1 c4 et ita    
demersus sum hac imaginatione1 ut nec   
edam nec dormiam1 nec negotiis1 c4 ,ego 
curavi medicine et persuasione2 et sic  
plures alios4  #ffag4 ,de anima1 c4 de  
humoribus4  #ffah4 ,juvenal4 ,that there

 are many ghosts and subterranean       
realms1 and a boat-pole1 and black frogs
 in the ,stygian gulf1 and that so many 
thousands pass over in one boat1 not    
even boys believe1 unless those not as  
yet washed for money4  #ffai4 ,lib4 #e4 
,gal4 hist1 quamplurimi reperti sunt qui
 tot pericula subeuntes irridebant2 et  
quae de fide1 religione1 c4 dicebant1   
ludibrio habebant1 nihil eorum          
admittentes de futura vita4  #ffbj4     
#ej1jjj atheists at this day in ,paris1 
,mercennus thinks4  #ffba4 ,eat1 drink1 
be merry2 there is no more pleasure     
after death4  #ffbb4 ,hor4 l4 #b4 od4   
#ac4 ,one day succeeds another1 and new 
moons hasten to their wane4  #ffbc4     
,luke xvii4  #ffbd4 ,wisd4 ii4 #b4      
#ffbe4 ,vers4 #f1 #g1 #h4  #ffbf4       
,catullus4  #ffbg4 ,prov4 vii4 #h4      
#ffbh4 ,time glides away1 and we grow   
old by years insensibly accumulating4   
#ffbi4 ,lib4 #a4  #ffcj4 ,m4 ,montan4   
lib4 #a4 cap4 #d4  #ffca4 ,orat4 ,cont4 
,hispan4 ne proximo decennio deum       

adorarent1 c4  #ffcb4 ,talem se         
exhibuit1 ut nec in ,christum1 nec      
,mahometan crederet1 unde effectum ut   
promissa nisi quatenus in suum commodum 
cederent minime servaret1 nec ullo      
scelere peccatum statueret1 ut suis     
desideriis satisfaceret4  #ffcc4 ,lib4  
de mor4 ,germ4  #ffcd4 ,or ,breslau4    
#ffce4 ,usque adeo insanus1 ut nec      
inferos1 nec superos esse dicat1        
animasque cum corporibus interire       
credat1 c4  #ffcf4 ,europae deser4 cap4 
#bd4  #ffcg4 ,fratres a ,bry ,amer4 par4
 #f4 librum a ,vincentio monacho datum  
abjecit1 nihil se videre ibi hujusmodi  
dicens rogansque unde haec sciret1 quum 
de coelo et ,tartaro contineri ibi      
diceret4  #ffch4 ,non minus hi furunt   
quam ,hercules1 qui conjugem et liberos 
interfecit2 habet haec aetas plura      
hujusmodi portentosa monstra4  #ffci4   
,de orbis con4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #g4  #ffdj4
 ,nonne ,romani sine ,deo vestro regnant
 et fruuntur orbe toto1 et vos et ,deos 
vestros captivos tenent1 c4 ,minutius   

,octaviano4  #ffda4 ,comment4 in        
,genesin copiosus in hoc subjecto4      
#ffdb4 ,ecce pars vestrum et major et   
melior alget1 fame laborat1 et deus     
patitur1 dissimulat1 non vult1 non      
potest opitulari suis1 et vel invalidus 
vel iniquus est4 ,cecilius in ,minut4   
,dum rapiunt mala fata bonos1 ignoscite 
fasso1 ,sollicitor nullos esse putare   
deos4 ,ovid4 ,vidi ego diis fretos1     
multos decipi4 ,plautus ,casina act4 #b4
 scen4 #e4  #ffdc4 ,martial4 l4 #d4     
epig4 #ba4  #ffdd4 ,ser4 #cj4 in #e4    
cap4 ad ,ephes4 hic fractii est pedibus1
 alter furit1 alius ad extremam senectam
 progressus omnem vitam paupertate      
peragit1 ille morbis gravissimis3 sunt  
haec ,providentiae opera8 hic surdus1   
ille mutus1 c4  #ffde4 ,oh6 ,jupiter1 do
 you hear those things8 ,collecting many
 such facts1 they weave a tissue of     
reproaches against ,god's providence4   
#ffdf4 ,omnia contingenter fieri volunt4
 ,melancthon in praeceptum primum4      
#ffdg4 ,dial4 #a4 lib4 #d4 de admir4    

nat4 ,arcanis4  #ffdh4 ,anima mea sit   
cum animis philosophorum4  #ffdi4 ,deum 
unum multis designant nominibus1 c4     
#ffej4 ,non intelligis te quum haec     
dicis1 negare te ipsum nomen ,dei3 quid 
enim est aliud ,natura quam ,deus8 c4   
tot habet appellationes quot munera4    
#ffea4 ,austin4  #ffeb4 ,principio      
phaemer4  #ffec4 ,in cities1 kings1     
religions1 and in individual men1 these 
things are true and obvious1 as         
,aristotle appears to imply1 and daily  
experience teaches to the reader of     
history3 for what was more sacred and   
illustrious1 by ,gentile law1 than      
,jupiter8 what now more vile and        
execrable8 ,in this way celestial       
objects suggest religions for worldly   
motives1 and when the influx ceases1 so 
does the law1 c4  #ffed4 ,and again a   
great ,achilles shall be sent against   
,troy3 religions and their ceremonies   
shall be born again2 however affairs    
relapse into the same track1 there is   
nothing now that was not formerly and   

,will not be again1 c4  #ffee4 ,vaninus 
dial4 #eb4 de oraculis4  #ffef4 ,varie  
homines affecti1 alii dei judicium ad   
tam pii exilium1 alii ad naturam        
referebant1 nec ab indignatione dei1 sed
 humanis causis1 c4 #ab4 ,natural1      
quaest4 #cc4 #ci4  #ffeg4 ,juv4 ,sat4   
#ac4 ,there are those who ascribe       
everything to chance1 and believe that  
the world is made without a director1   
nature influencing the vicissitudes1 c4 
#ffeh4 ,epist4 ad ,c4 ,caesar4 ,romani  
olim putabant fortunam regna et imperia 
dare3 ,credebant antea mortales fortunam
 solam opes et honores largiri1 idque   
duabus de causis2 primum quod indignus  
quisque dives honoratus1 potens2        
alterum1 vix quisquam perpetuo bonis iis
 frui visus4 ,postea prudentiores       
didicere fortunam suam quemque fingere4 
#ffei4 #aj de legib4 ,alii negant esse  
deos1 alii deos non curare res humanas1 
alii utraque concedunt4  #fffj4 ,lib4   
#h4 ad mathern4  #fffa4 ,origen4 contra 
,celsum4 l4 #c4 hos immerito nobiscum   

conferri fuse declarat4  #fffb4         
,crucifixum deum ignominiose ,lucianus  
vita peregrin4 ,christum vocat4  #fffc4 
,de ira1 #af4 #cd4 ,iratus coelo quod   
obstreperet1 ad pugnam vocans ,jovem1   
quanta dementia8 putavit sibi nocere non
 posse1 et se nocere tamen ,jovi posse4 
#fffd4 ,lib4 #a4 #a4  #fffe4 ,idem      
status post mortem1 ac fuit antequam    
nasceremur1 et ,seneca4 ,idem erit post 
me quod ante me fuit4  #ffff4 ,lucernae 
eadem conditio quum extinguitur1 ac fuit
 antequam accenderetur2 ita et hominis4 
#fffg4 ,dissert1 cum nunc sider4  #fffh4
 ,campanella1 cap4 #ah4 ,atheism1       
triumphat4  #fffi4 ,comment4 in ,gen4   
cap4 #g4  #ffgj4 ,so that a man may meet
 an atheist as soon in his study as in  
the street4  #ffga4 ,simonis religio    
incerto auctore ,cracoviae edit4 #aehh1 
conclusio libri est1 ,ede itaque1 bibe1 
lude1 c4 jam ,deus figmentum est4       
#ffgb4 ,lib4 de immortal4 animae4       
#ffgc4 ,pag4 #fde4 an4 #abch4 ad finem  
,henrici tertii4 ,idem ,pisterius1 pag4 

#gdc4 in compilat4 sua4  #ffgd4 ,virg4  
,they place fear1 fate1 and the sound of
 craving ,acheron under their feet4     
#ffge4 ,rom4 xii4 #b4  #ffgf4 ,omnis    
,aristippum decuit color1 et status1 et 
res4  #ffgg4 ,psal4 xiii4 #a4  #ffgh4   
,guicciardini4  #ffgi4 ,erasmus4  #ffhj4
 ,hierom4  #ffha4 ,senec4 consol4 ad    
,polyb4 ca4 #ba4  #ffhb4 ,disput4 #d4   
,philosophiae adver4 ,atheos4 ,venetiis 
#afbg1 quarto4  #ffhc4 ,edit4 ,romae1   
fol4 #afca4  #ffhd4 ,abernethy1 c4 #bd4 
of his ,physic of the ,soul4  #ffhe4    
,omissa spe victoriae in destinatam     
mortem conspirant1 tantusque ardor      
singulos cepit1 ut victores se putarent 
si non inulti morerentur4 ,justin4 l4   
#bj4  #ffhf4 ,method4 hist4 cap4 #e4    
#ffhg4 ,hosti abire volenti iter minime 
interscindas1 c4  #ffhh4 ,poster volum4 
#ffhi4 ,super praeceptum primum de      
,relig4 et partibus ejus4 ,non loquor de
 omni desperatione1 sed tantum de ea qua
 desperare solent homines de ,deo2      
opponitur spei1 et est peccatum         

gravissimum1 c4  #ffij4 ,lib4 #e4 lit4  
#ba4 de regis institut4 ,omnium         
pertubationum deterrima4  #ffia4        
,reprobi usque ad finem pertinaciter    
persistunt4 ,zanchius4  #ffib4 ,vitium  
ab infidelitate proficiscens4  #ffic4   
,abernethy4  #ffid4 #a ,sam4 ii4 #af4   
#ffie4 ,psal4 xxxviii4 vers4 #i4 #ad4   
#ffif4 ,immiscent se mali genii1 ,lem4  
lib4 #a4 cap4 #af4  #ffig4 ,cases of    
conscience1 l4 #a4 #af4  #ffih4 ,tract4 
,melan4 capp4 #cc et #cd4  #ffii4 ,cap4 
#c4 de mentis alien4 ,deo minus se curae
 esse1 nec ad salutem praedestinatos    
esse4 ,ad desperationem saepe ducit haec
 melancholia1 et est frequentissima ob  
supplicii metum aeternumque judicium2   
meror et metus in desperationem         
plerumque desinunt4  #fgjj4 ,comment4 in
 #a4 cap4 gen4 artic4 #c4 quia impii    
florent boni opprimuntur1 c4 alius ex   
consideratione hujus seria              
desperabundus4  #fgja4 ,lib4 #bj4 c4    
#ag4  #fgjb4 ,damnatam se putavit1 et   
quatuor menses ,gehennae poenam sentire4

  #fgjc4 #aeff4 ob triticum diutius     
servatum conscientiae stimulis agitatur1
 c4  #fgjd4 ,tom4 #b4 c4 #bg4 num4 #bhb4
 conversatio cum scrupulosis1 vigiliae1 
jejunia4  #fgje4 ,solitarios et         
superstitiosos plerumque exagitat       
conscientia1 non mercatores1 lenones1   
caupones1 foeneratore81 c4 largiorem hi 
nacti sunt conscientiam4 ,juvenes       
plerumque conscientiam negligunt1 senes 
autem1 c4  #fgjf4 ,annon sentis sulphur 
inquit8  #fgjg4 ,desperabundus misere   
periit4  #fgjh4 ,in #ag4 ,johannis4 ,non
 pauci se cruciant1 et excarnificant in 
tantum1 ut non parum absint ab insania2 
neque tamen aliud hac mentis anxietate  
efficiunt1 quam ut diabolo potestatem   
faciant ipsos per desperationem ad      
infernos producendi4  #fgji4 ,drexelius 
,nicet4 lib4 #b4 cap4 #aa4 ,eternity1   
that word1 that tremendous word1 more   
threatening than thunders and the       
artillery of heaven--,eternity1 that    
word1 without end or origin4 ,no        
torments affright us which are limited  

to years3 ,eternity1 eternity1 occupies 
and inflames the heart--this it is that 
daily augments our sufferings1 and      
multiplies our heart-burnings a         
hundredfold4  #fgaj4 ,ecclesiast4 #a4   
#a4 ,haud scio an majus discrimen ab his
 qui blandiuntur1 an ab his qui         
territant2 ingens utrinque periculum3   
alii ad securitatem ducunt1 alii        
afflictionum magnitudine mentem         
absorbent1 et in desperationem trahunt4 
#fgaa4 ,bern4 sup4 #af4 cant4 #a4       
alterum sine altero proferre non        
expedit2 recordatio solius judicii in   
desperationem praecipitat1 et           
misericordis2 fallax ostentatio pessimam
 generat securitatem4  #fgab4 ,in ,luc4 
hom4 #ajc4 exigunt ab aliis charitatem1 
beneficentiam1 cum ipsi nil spectent    
praeter libidinem1 invidiam1 avaritiam4 
#fgac4 ,leo ,decimus4  #fgad4 ,deo      
futuro judicio1 de damnatione horrendum 
crepunt1 et amaras illas potationes in  
ore semper habent1 ut multos inde in    
desperationem cogant4  #fgae4           

,euripides4 ,o wretched ,orestes1 what  
malady consumes you8  #fgaf4            
,conscience1 for ,i am conscious of     
evil4  #fgag4 ,pierius4  #fgah4 ,gen4   
iv4  #fgai4 #i causes ,musculus makes4  
#fgbj4 ,plutarch4  #fgba4 ,alios misere 
castigat plena scrupulis conscientia1   
nodum in scirpo quaerunt1 et ubi nulla  
causa subest1 misericordiae divinae     
diffidentes1 se ,oreo destinant4  #fgbb4
 ,coelius1 lib4 #f4  #fgbc4 ,juvenal4   
,night and day they carry their         
witnesses in the breast4  #fgbd4        
,lucian4 de dea ,syria4 ,si adstiteris1 
te aspicit2 si transeas1 visu te        
sequitur4  #fgbe4 ,prima haec est ultio1
 quod se judice nemo nocens absolvitur1 
improba quamvis gratia fallacis         
praetoris vicerit urnam4 ,juvenal4      
#fgbf4 ,quis unquam vidit avarum ringi1 
dum lucrum adest1 adulterum dum potitur 
voto1 lugere in perpetrando scelere8    
voluptate sumus ebrii1 proinde non      
sentimus1 c4  #fgbg4 ,buchanan1 lib4 #f4
 ,hist4 ,scot4  #fgbh4 ,animus          

conscientia sceleris inquietus1 nullum  
admisit gaudium1 sed semper vexatus     
noctu et interdiu per somnum visis      
horrore plenis putremefactus1 c4  #fgbi4
 ,de bello ,neapol4  #fgcj4 ,thirens de 
locis infestis1 part4 #a4 cap4 #b4      
,nero's mother was still in his eyes4   
#fgca4 ,psal4 xliv4 #a4  #fgcb4 ,and    
,nemesis pursues and notices the steps  
of men1 lest you commit any evil4       
#fgcc4 ,regina causarum et arbitra      
rerum1 nunc erectas cervices opprimit1  
c4  #fgcd4 ,alex4 ,gaguinus catal4 reg4 
,pol4  #fgce4 ,cosmog4 ,munster1 et     
,magde4  #fgcf4 ,plinius1 cap4 #aj4 l4  
#ce4 ,consumptis affectibus1            
,agamemnonis caput velavit1 ut omnes    
quem possent1 maximum moerorem in       
virginis patre cogitarent4  #fgcg4 ,cap4
 #ae4 in #i4 ,rhasis4  #fgch4 ,juv4     
,sat4 #ac4  #fgci4 ,mentem eripit timor 
hic2 vultum1 totumque corporis habitum  
immutat1 etiam in deliciis1 in          
tripudiis1 in symposiis1 in amplexu     
conjugis carnificinam exercet1 lib4 #d4 

cap4 #ba4  #fgdj4 ,non sinit conscientia
 tales homines recta verba proferre1 aut
 rectis quenquam oculis aspicere1 ab    
omni hominum coetu eosdem exterminat1 et
 dormientes perterrefacit4 ,philost4    
lib4 #a4 de vita ,apollonii4  #fgda4    
,eusebius1 ,nicephorus eccles4 hist4    
lib4 #d4 c4 #ag4  #fgdb4 ,seneca1 lib4  
#ah4 epist4 #ajf4 ,conscientia aliud    
agere non patitur1 perturbatam vitam    
agunt1 nunquam vacant1 c4  #fgdc4       
,artic4 #c4 ca4 #a4 fol4 #bcj4 quod     
horrendum dictu1 desperabundus quidam me
 presente cum ad patientiam hortaretur1 
c4  #fgdd4 ,lib4 #a4 obser4 cap4 #c4    
#fgde4 ,ad maledicendum ,deo4  #fgdf4   
,goulart4  #fgdg4 ,dum haec scribo1     
implorat opem meam monacha1 in reliquis 
sana1 et judicio recta1 per4 #e4 annos  
melancholica2 damnatum se dicit1        
conscientiae stimultis oppressa1 c4     
#fgdh4 ,alios conquerentes audivi se    
esse ex damnatorum numero4 ,deo non esse
 curae aliaque infinita quae proferre   
non audebant1 vel abhorrebant4  #fgdi4  

,musculus1 ,patritius1 ad vim sibi      
inferendam cogit homines4  #fgej4 ,de   
mentis alienat4 observ4 lib4 #a4  #fgea4
 ,uxor ,mercatoris diu vexationibus     
tentata1 c4  #fgeb4 ,abernethy4  #fgec4 
,busbequius4  #fged4 ,john ,major vitis 
patrum3 quidam negavit ,christum1 per   
,chirographum post restitutus4  #fgee4  
,trincavelius lib4 #c4  #fgef4 ,my      
brother1 ,george ,burton1 ,m4 ,james    
,whitehall1 rector of ,checkley1 in     
,staffordshire1 my quondam              
chamber-fellow1 and late fellow student 
in ,christ ,church1 ,oxon4  #fgeg4 ,scio
 quam vana sit et inefficax humanorum   
verborum penes afflictos consolatio1    
nisi verbum ,dei audiatur1 a quo vita1  
refrigeratio1 solatium1 poenitentia4    
#fgeh4 ,antid4 adversus desperationem4  
#fgei4 ,tom4 #b4 c4 #bg4 num4 #bhb4     
#fgfj4 ,aversio cogitationis a re       
scrupulosa1 contraventio scrupulorum4   
#fgfa4 ,magnam injuriam ,deo facit qui  
diffidit de ejus misericordia4  #fgfb4  
,bonitas invicti non vincitur2 infiniti 

misericordia non finitur4  #fgfc4 ,hom4 
#c4 ,de poenitentia3 ,tua quidem malitia
 mensuram habet4 ,dei autem misericordia
 mensuram non habet4 ,tua malitia       
circumscripta est1 c4 ,pelagus etsi     
magnum mensuram habet2 dei autem1 c4    
#fgfd4 ,non ut desidiores vos faciam1   
sed ut alacriores reddam4  #fgfe4 ,pro  
peccatis veniam poscere1 et mala de novo
 iterare4  #fgff4 ,si bis1 si ter1 si   
centies1 si centies millies1 toties     
poenitentiam age4  #fgfg4 ,conscientia  
mea meruit damnationem1 poenitentia non 
sufficit ad satisfactionem3 sed tua     
misericordia superat omnem offensionem4 
#fgfh4 ,multo efficacior ,christi mors  
in bonum1 quam peccata nostra in malum4 
,christus potentior ad salvandum1 quam  
daemon ad perdendum4  #fgfi4 ,peritus   
medicus potest omnes infirmitates       
sanare2 si misericors1 vult4  #fggj4    
,omnipotenti medico nullus languor      
insanabilis occurrit3 tu tantum doceri  
te sine1 manum ejus ne repelle3 novit   
quid agat2 non tantum delecteris cum    

fovet1 sed toleres quum secat4  #fgga4  
,chrys4 hom4 #c4 de poenit4  #fggb4     
,spes salutis per quam peccatores       
salvantur1 ,deus ad misericordiam       
provocatur4 ,isidor4 omnia ligata tu    
solvis1 contrita sanas1 confusa lucidas1
 desperata animas4  #fggc4 ,chrys4 hom  
#e4 non fornicatorem abnuit1 non ebrium 
avertit1 non superbum repellit1 non     
aversatur ,idololatram1 non adulterum1  
sed omnes suscipit1 omnibus communicat4 
#fggd4 ,chrys4 hom4 #e4  #fgge4 ,qui    
turpibus cantilenis aliquando inquinavit
 os1 divinis hymnis animum purgabit4    
#fggf4 ,hom4 #e4 ,introivit hic quis    
accipiter1 columba exit2 introivit      
lupus1 ovis egreditur1 c4  #fggg4 ,omnes
 languores sanat1 caecis visum1 claudis 
gressum1 gratiam confert1 c4  #fggh4    
,seneca4 ,he who repents of his sins is 
well nigh innocent4  #fggi4 ,delectatur 
,deus conversione peccatoris2 omne      
tempus vitae conversioni deputatur2 pro 
praesentibus habentur tam praeterita    
quam futura4  #fghj4 ,austin4 ,semper   

poenitentiae portus apertus est ne      
desperemus4  #fgha4 ,quicquid feceris1  
quantumcunque peccaveris1 adhuc in vita 
es1 unde te omnino si sanare te nollet  
,deus1 auferret2 parcendo clamat ut     
redeas1 c4  #fghb4 ,matt4 vi4 #bc4      
#fghc4 ,rev4 xxi4 #f4  #fghd4           
,abernethy1 ,perkins4  #fghe4 ,non est  
poenitentia1 sed ,dei misericordia      
annexa4  #fghf4 ,caecilius ,minutio1    
,omnia ista figmenta mala sanae         
religionis1 et inepta solatia a poetis  
inventa1 vel ab aliis ob commodum1      
superstitiosa misteria1 c4  #fghg4      
,these temptations and objections are   
well answered in ,john ,downam's        
,christian ,warfare4  #fghh4 ,seneca4   
#fghi4 ,licinus lies in a marble tomb1  
but ,cato in a mean one2 ,pomponius has 
none1 who can think therefore that there
 are ,gods8  #fgij4 ,vid4 ,campanella   
cap4 #f4 ,atheis4 triumphal1 et c4 #b4  
ad argumentum #ab4 ubi plura4 ,si ,deus 
bonus unde colum1 c4  #fgia4 ,lucan4 ,it
 can't be true that ,just ,jove reigns4 

#fgib4 ,perkins4  #fgic4 ,hemingius4    
,nemo peccat in spiritum sanctum nisi   
qui finaliter et voluntarie renunciat   
,christum1 eumque et ejus verbum extreme
 contemnit1 sine qua nulla salus2 a quo 
peccato liberet nos ,dominus ,jesus     
,christus4 ,amen4  #fgid4 ,abernethy4   
#fgie4 ,see whole books of these        
arguments4  #fgif4 ,lib4 #c4 fol4 #abb4 
,praejudicata opinio1 invida1 maligna1  
et apta ad impellendos animos in        
desperationem4  #fgig4 ,see the         
,antidote in ,chamier's tom4 #c4 lib4   
#g4 ,downam's ,christian ,warfare1 c4   
#fgih4 ,potentior est ,deo diabolus et  
mundi princeps1 et in multitudine       
hominum sita est majestas4  #fgii4      
,homicida qui non subvenit quum potest2 
hoc de ,deo sine scelere cogitari non   
potest1 utpote quum quod vult licet4    
,boni natura communicari4 ,bonus ,deus1 
quomodo misericordiae1 pater1 c4  #fhjj4
 ,vide ,cyrillum lib4 #d4 adversus      
,julianum1 qui poterimus illi gratias   
agere qui nobis non misit ,mosen et     

prophetas1 et contempsit boni amimarum  
nostrarum4  #fhja4 ,venia danda est iis 
qui non audiunt ob ignoratiam4 ,non est 
tam iniquus ,judex ,deus3 ut quenquam   
indicia causa damnare velit4 ,ii solum  
damnantur1 qui oblatam ,christi gratium 
rejiciunt4  #fhjb4 ,busbequius          
,lonicerus1 ,tur4 hist4 ,to4 #a l4 #b4  
#fhjc4 ,olem4 ,alex4  #fhjd4 ,paulus    
,jovius ,elog4 vir4 ,illust4  #fhje4    
,non homines sed et ipsi daemones       
aliquando servandi4  #fhjf4 ,vid ,pelsii
 ,harmoniam art4 #bb4 p4 #b4  #fhjg4    
,epist4 ,erasmi de utilitate colloquior4
 ad lectorem4--,let whoever wishes      
dispute1 ,i think the laws of our       
forefathers should be received with     
reverence1 and religiously observed1 as 
coming from ,god2 neither is it safe or 
pious to conceive1 or contrive1 an      
injurious suspicion of the public       
authority2 and should any tyranny1      
likely to drive men into the commission 
of wickedness1 exist1 it is better to   
endure it than to resist it by sedition4

  #fhjh4 ,vastata conscientia sequitur  
sensus irae divinae4 7,hemingius7       
fremitus cordis1 ingens animae          
cruciatus1 c4  #fhji4 ,austin4  #fhaj4  
,not from pleasures to pleasures4       
#fhaa4 ,super ,psal4 lii4 ,convertar ad 
liberandum eum1 quia conversus est ad   
peccatum suum puniendum4  #fhab4        
,antiqui soliti sunt hanc herbam ponere 
in coemiteriis ideo quod1 c4  #fhac4    
,non desunt nostra aetate sacrificuli1  
qui tale quid attentant1 sed a          
cacodaemone irrisi pudore suffecti sunt 
et re infecta abicrunt4  #fhad4 ,done   
into ,english by ,w4 ,b41 #afac4  #fhae4
 ,tom4 #b4 cap4 #bg1 num4 #bhb4 ,let him
 avert his thoughts from the painful    
object4  #fhaf4 ,navarrus4  #fhag4 ,is4 
l4 #d4