,,hallecks',s ,,new ,,engli% ,,lit]ature by ,,reub5 ,,po/ ,,halleck1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,au?or ( ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature & ,hi/ory ( ,am]ican ,lit]ature ,,preface ,9 ?is ,new ,engli% ,lit]ature ! au?or endeavors to pres]ve ! qualities t h caus$ 8 =m] ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature to be s widely us$2 namely1 sugge/iv5ess1 cle>ness1 organic unity1 int]e/1 & ! p[] to awak5 ?\ght & to /imulate ! /ud5t to fur!r read+4 ,! book furni%es a concise acc\nt ( ! hi/ory & gr[? ( ,engli% lit]ature f ! e>lie/ times to ! pres5t day4 ,x lays special emphasis on lit]>y movem5ts1 on ! ess5tial qualities t diff]5tiate "o p]iod f ano!r1 & on ! _s t animates ea* age4 ,above all1 ! con/ant purpose has be5 to ar\se 9 ! /ud5t an en?usia/ic desire to read ! works ( ! au?ors discuss$4 ,because ( ! au?or's belief 9 ! guide-book function ( a hi/ory ( lit]ature1 he has sp5t mu* "t & ?\ght 9 prep>+ ! unusually detail$ ,sugge/$ ,read+s t foll[ ea* *apt]4 ,x 0 necess>y = sev]al reasons to prep>e a new book4 ,tw5tie? c5tury rese>* has trans=m$ ! k ( ! ,elizabe?an !at] & has br\ght to light important new facts relat+ to ! drama & to ,%akespe>e4 ,! new social _s has *ang$ ! critical viewpo9t conc]n+ au?ors z diff]5t z ,wordswor?1 ,keats1 ,rusk91 ,dick5s1 & ,t5nyson4 ,wordswor?'s treatm5t ( *ildhood1 = in/ance1 n[ requires an am\nt ( space t w\ld a %ort "t ago h seem$ disproportionate4 ,lat] ,victorian writ]s1 l ,m]$i?1 ,h>dy1 ,sw9burne1 & ,kipl+1 c no long] be accord$ ! usual brief p]functory treatm5t4 ,increas$ mod]n int]e/ 9 contempor>y life is also dem&+ "s acc\nt ( ! lit]ature already produc$ by ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,an entire *apt] is devot$ to %[+ h[ ?is new lit]ature reveals ! ?\ght & ideals ( ?is g5]ation4 ,o!r special features ( ?is new "w are ! sugge/ions & ref]5ces = a lit]>y trip ?r\gh ,engl&1 ! hi/orical introductions to ! *apt]s1 ! c>eful treatm5t ( ! mod]n drama1 ! late/ bibliography1 & ! new illu/rations1 "s ( :i* h be5 specially drawn = ?is "w1 :ile o!rs h be5 tak5 f orig9al pa9t+s 9 ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 ,london1 & else:]e4 ,! illu/rations are ! result ( mu* individual rese>* by ! au?or dur+ 8 travels 9 ,engl&4 ,! great] "p ( ?is book 0 gradually fa%ion$ 9 ! classroom1 dur+ ! long p]iod t ! au?or has taught ?is subject4 ,exp]i5ce ) 8 classes has prov$ to him ! reasonabl5ess ( ! mod]n dem& t a textbook %all be def9ite & /imulat+4 ,! au?or desires to ?ank ! l>ge numb] ( tea*]s :o h aid$ him by _! criticism4 ,miss ,elizabe? ,h[>d ,spauld+ & ,miss ,s>ah ,e4 ,simons des]ve special m5tion = valuable assi/ance4 ,! entire treatm5t ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+ is ! "w ( ,miss ,m>y ,br[n ,humphrey4 ,! great] "p ( ! *apt]1 ,tw5tie?-,c5tury ,lit]ature1 0 prep>$ by ,miss ,anna ,blan*e ,mc,gill4 ,"s ( ! be/ & mo/ difficult p>ts ( ! book 7 writt5 by ! au?or's wife4 ,r4,p4,h4 ,,cont5ts ,,introduction--,,lit]>y ,,engl& ,,*apt]s3 ,i4 ,,f #ddi ,a4,d4 ,,to ,,! ,,norman ,,conque/1 #ajff ,,ii4 ,,f ,,! ,,norman ,,conque/1 #ajff1 ,,to ,,*auc]',s ,,dea? #adjj ,,iii4 ,,f ,,*auc]',s ,,dea? #adjj1 ,,to ,,! ,,accession ,,( ,,elizabe?1 #aeeh ,,iv4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,elizabe? #aeeh-afjc ,v4 ,,! ,,puritan ,,age1 #afjc-affj ,,vi4 ,,f ,,! ,,re/oration1 #affj1 ,,to ,,! ,,publication ,,( ,,pamela1 #agdj ,,vii4 ,,! ,,second ,,=ty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury1 #agdj-aghj ,,viii4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,romanticism1 #aghj-ahcg ,,ix4 ,,! ,,victorian ,,age1 #ahcg-aijj ,x4 ,,tw5tie?-,,c5tury ,,lit]ature ,,supplem5t>y ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?ors ,,& ,,_! ,,*ief ,,works ,,index ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations3 #a4 ,wod54 #b4 ,exet] ,ca!dral4 #c4 ,anglo-,saxon ,gleeman4 7,f ! tape/ry design$ by ,h4,a4 ,bone74 #d4 ,facsimile ( beg9n+ ( ,cotton ,,ms4 ( ,be[ulf47,briti% ,museum74 #e4 ,facsimile ( ,beg9n+ ( ,junian ,,ms4 ( ,ca$mon4 #f4 ,anglo-,saxon ,musicians4 7,f illum9at$ ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum74 #g4 ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,alfr$'s ,laws4 7,f illum9at$ ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum74 #h4 ,! ,dea? ( ,h>old at ,ha/+s4 7,f ! ,bayeux tape/ry74 #i4 ,:at ,m&eville ,saw4 7,f ,edition ( #agbe74 #aj4 ,john ,wycliffe4 7,f an old pr9t74 #aa4 ,treu!'s ,pilgryme atte ,pl[4 7,f a ,,ms4 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge74 #ab4 ,g[] ,he>+ ! ,confession ( a ,lov]4 7,f ,eg]ton ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum74 #ac4 ,ge(frey ,*auc]4 7,f an old draw+ 9 ! ,,ms4 ( ,occleve's ,poems1 ,briti% ,museum74 #ad4 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral4 #ae4 ,pilgrims ,leav+ ! ,tab>d ,inn4 7,f ,urry's ,*auc]74 #af4 ,facsimile ( ,l9es ,describ+ ! ,franklyn4 7,f ! ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,,ms474 #ag4 ,franklyn1 ,fri>1 ,knight1 ,prioress1 ,squire1 ,cl]k ( ,ox=d4 7,f ! ,ellesm]e ,,ms474 #ah4 ,morris ,danc]s4 7,f ,,ms4 ( ,*auc]'s ,"t74 #ai4 ,h5ry ,,viii1 giv+ ,bibles to ,cl]gy & ,laity4 7,f frontispiece to ,cov]dale ,bible74 #bj4 ,book ,illu/ration1 ,e>ly ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 7,briti% ,museum74 #ba4 ,facsimile ( ,caxton's ,adv]tisem5t ( 8 ,books4 7,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d74 #bb4 ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur4 7,f ,de,worde's ,edition1 #aebi74 #bc4 ,e>ly ,title ,page ( ,rob9 ,hood4 7,copl& ,edition1 #aeej74 #bd4 ,william ,tyndale4 7,f an old pr9t74 #be4 ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt4 7,aft] ,holbe974 #bf4 ,facsimile ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,signature4 #bg4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 7,aft] ! m9iature by ,isaac ,oliv]1 ,w9dsor ,ca/le74 #bh4 ,francis ,bacon4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,van ,som]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #bi4 ,title page ( ,bacon's ,essays1 #aeig4 #cj4 ,john ,donne4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,jans51 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum74 #ca4 ,edmund ,sp5s]4 7,f a pa9t+ 9 ,dubl9 ,ca/le74 #cb4 ,miracle ,play at ,cov5try4 7,f an old pr9t74 #cc4 ,hell ,m\? 9 ! ,old ,miracle ,play4 ,f a ,columbia ,univ]sity ,model4 #cd4 ,fool's ,head4 #ce4 ,air-,bag ,flapp] & ,la? ,dagg]4 #cf4 ,fool ( ! ,old ,play4 #cg4 ,?omas ,sackville4 #ch4 ,!at] 9 ,inn ,y>d4 7,f ,columbia ,univ]sity model74 #ci4 ,recon/ruct$ ,globe ,!at]1 ,e>l's ,c\rt1 ,london4 #dj4 ,! ,bankside & its ,!at]s4 7,f ! ,holl> engrav+1 ab\t #afbj74 #da4 ,contempor>y ,draw+ ( ,int]ior ( an ,elizabe?an ,!at]4 #db4 ,m>l[e's ,memorial ,/atue at ,cant]bury4 #dc4 ,william ,%akespe>e4 7,f ! ,*&os portrait1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #dd4 ,%akespe>e's ,bir?place4 ,/rat=d-on-,avon4 #de4 ,classroom 9 ,/rat=d ,gramm> ,s*ool4 #df4 ,anne ,ha?away's ,cottage1 ,%ott]y4 #dg4 ,view ( ,/rat=d-on-,avon4 #dh4 ,inscription ov] ,%akespe>e's ,tomb4 #di4 ,%akespe>e--,! ,d',av5ant ,bu/4 7,discov]$ 9 #ahde74 #ej4 ,h5ry ,irv+ z ,hamlet4 #ea4 ,ell5 ,t]ry z ,lady ,macbe? 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,s>g5t74 #eb4 ,fal/aff & 8 ,page4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #ec4 ,b5 ,jonson4 7,f ! portrait by ,hon?or/1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #ed4 ,b5 ,jonson's ,tomb 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 #ee4 ,francis ,beaumont4 #ef4 ,john ,flet*]4 #eg4 ,cromwell ,dictat+ ,dispat*es to ,milton4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,=d ,maddox ,br[n74 #eh4 ,?omas ,full]4 #ei4 ,izaak ,walton4 #fj4 ,j]emy ,taylor4 #fa4 ,john ,bunyan4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sadl]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #fb4 ,b$=d ,bridge1 ,%[+ ,gates & ,jail4 7,f an old pr9t74 #fc4 ,bunyan's ,dream4 7,f ,f\r? ,edition ,pilgrim's ,progress1 #afhj74 #fd4 ,woodcut f ! ,fir/ ,edition ( ,mr4 ,badman4 #fe4 ,rob]t ,h]rick4 #ff4 ,john ,milton4 7,aft] a draw+ by ,w4 ,fai?orne1 at ,bay=dbury74 #fg4 ,john ,milton1 ,a,et4 #aj4 #fh4 ,milton's ,visit to ,galileo 9 #afch4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,t4 ,lessi74 #fi4 ,facsimile ( ,milton's ,signature4 #affc4 #gj4 ,title ,page to ,comus1 #afcg4 #ga4 ,milton's ,motto f ,comus1 ) ,autograph1 #afci4 #gb4 ,milton ,dictat+ ,p>adise ,lo/ to 8 ,daught]4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,munkacsy74 #gc4 ,samuel ,butl]4 #gd4 ,john ,dryd54 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #ge4 ,bir?place ( ,dryd54 7,f a pr9t74 #gf4 ,daniel ,defoe4 7,f a pr9t by ,v&]gu*t74 #gg4 ,jona?an ,swift4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,c4 ,j]vas1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #gh4 ,moor ,p>k4 7,f a draw+74 #gi4 ,swift & ,/ella4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,dicksee74 #hj4 ,joseph ,addison4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y47 #ha4 ,bir?place ( ,addison4 #hb4 ,ri*>d ,/eele4 #hc4 ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley 9 ,*ur*4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #hd4 ,alex&] ,pope4 7,f ! portrait by ,william ,ho>e74 #he4 ,pope's ,villa at ,twick5ham4 7,f an old pr9t74 #hf4 ,rape ( ! ,lock4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #hg4 ,alex&] ,pope4 7,f a contempor>y portrait74 #hh4 ,horace ,walpole4 #hi4 ,?omas ,gray4 #ij4 ,/oke ,poges ,*ur*y>d4 #ia4 ,a ,bl9d ,begg> ,robb$ ( 8 ,dr9k4 7,f a ,briti% ,museum ,,ms47 #ib4 ,samuel ,ri*>dson4 7,f an orig9al draw+74 #ic4 ,h5ry ,field+4 7,f ! draw+ by ,hog>?74 #id4 ,laur5ce ,/]ne4 #ie4 ,uncle ,toby & ,corporal ,trim4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #if4 ,tobias ,smollett4 #ig4 ,edw>d ,gibbon4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds74 #ih4 ,edmund ,burke4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #ii4 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #ajj4 ,goldsmi? & ,dr4 ,johnson4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #aja4 ,goldsmi?'s ,lodg+s1 ,canonbury ,t[]1 ,london4 #ajb4 ,dr4 ,primrose & 8 ,family4 7,f a draw+ by ,g4 ,patrick ,nelson74 #ajc4 ,samuel ,johnson4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds74 #ajd4 ,samuel ,johnson's ,bir?place4 7,f an old pr9t74 #aje4 ,james ,boswell4 #ajf4 ,*e%ire ,*eese ,inn ,to-day4 #ajg4 ,rob]t ,s\!y4 #ajh4 ,*>les ,lamb4 7,f a draw+ by ,maclise74 #aji4 ,bo-,bo & ,roa/ ,pig4 7,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott74 #aaj4 ,william ,c[p]4 7,f ! portrait by ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce74 #aaa4 ,c[p]'s cottage at ,we/on4 #aab4 ,john ,gilp9's ,ride4 7,f a draw+ by ,r4 ,caldecott74 #aac4 ,rob]t ,burns4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,nasmy? ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aad4 ,bir?place ( ,burns4 #aae4 ,burns & ,highl& ,m>y4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,james ,ar*]74 #aaf4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,william ,ni*olson74 #aag4 ,abbots=d1 ,home ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 #aah4 ,scott's ,grave 9 ,dryburgh ,abbey4 #aai4 ,lo* ,katr9e & ,ell5's ,isle4 #abj4 ,walt] ,scott4 7,f a life sket* by ,maclise74 #aba4 ,scott's ,desk & ,elb[ ,*air at ,abbots=d4 #abb4 ,jane ,au/54 7,f an orig9al family portrait74 #abc4 ,jane ,au/5's ,desk4 #abd4 ,william ,wordswor?4 7,f ! portrait by ,b4,r4 ,haydon74 #abe4 ,boy ( ,w9&]4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,h4,o4 ,walk]1 ,congressional ,libr>y74 #abf4 ,wordswor?'s ,home at ,grasm]e--,dove ,cottage4 #abg4 ,grasm]e ,lake4 #abh4 ,william ,wordswor?4 7,f a sket* 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e74 #abi4 ,rydal ,m\nt ne> ,ambleside4 #acj4 ,samuel ,taylor ,col]idge4 7,f a p5cil sket* by ,c4,r4 ,leslie74 #aca4 ,col]idge's ,cottage at ,ne!r-,/[ey4 #acb4 ,col]idge z a ,"y ,man4 7,f a sket* made 9 ,g]many74 #acc4 ,"l ,byron4 7,f a portrait by ,kram]74 #acd4 ,byron at ,sev5te54 7,f a pa9t+74 #ace4 ,new/ead ,abbey1 ,byron's ,home4 #acf4 ,ca/le ( ,*illon4 #acg4 ,byron's ,home at ,pisa4 #ach4 ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley4 7,f ! portrait by ,amelia ,curran1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aci4 ,%elley's ,bir?place1 ,field ,place4 #adj4 ,grave ( ,%elley1 ,prote/ant ,cemet]y1 ,rome4 #ada4 ,facsimile ( ,/anza f ,to a ,skyl>k4 #adb4 ,john ,keats4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,hilton1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #adc4 ,keats's ,home1 ,w5twor? ,place4 #add4 ,grave ( ,keats1 ,rome4 #ade4 ,facsimile ( ,orig9al ,,ms4 ( ,endymion4 #adf4 ,endymion4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,h4,o4 ,walk]1 ,congressional ,libr>y74 #adg4 ,?omas de ,qu9cy4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,j4,w4 ,gordon1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #adh4 ,room 9 ,dove ,cottage4 #adi4 ,*>les ,d>w94 #aej4 ,john ,tyndall4 #aea4 ,?omas ,huxley4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,john ,colli]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aeb4 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti4 7,f ! draw+ by himself1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aec4 ,?omas ,bab+ton ,macaulay4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir4 ,f4 ,grant1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aed4 ,c>d9al ,newman4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,emmel9e ,deane74 #aee4 ,?omas ,c>lyle4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,james ,mc,neill ,:i/l]74 #aef4 ,craig5puttock4 #aeg4 ,mrs4 ,c>lyle4 7,f a m9iature portrait74 #aeh4 ,john ,rusk94 7,f a photograph74 #aei4 ,*>les ,dick5s4 7,f a photograph tak5 9 ,am]ica1 #ahfh74 #afj4 ,dick5's ,home1 ,gads ,hill4 #afa4 ,facsimile ( ,,ms4 ( ,a ,*ri/mas ,c>ol4 #afb4 ,william ,makepeace ,?ack]ay4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,samuel ,laur5ce1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #afc4 ,c>icature ( ,?ack]ay by ,himself4 #afd4 ,?ack]ay's ,home :]e ,vanity ,fair 0 ,writt54 #afe4 ,george ,eliot4 7,f a draw+ by ,sir ,f4,w4 ,burton1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aff4 ,george ,eliot's ,bir?place4 #afg4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 7,f a photograph74 #afh4 ,/ev5son z a ,boy4 #afi4 ,ed9burgh ,memorial ( ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 7,by ,/4 ,gaud5s74 #agj4 ,george ,m]$i?4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #aga4 ,?omas ,h>dy4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,w9ifr$ ,?ompson74 #agb4 ,max ,gate4 7,! ,home ( ,h>dy74 #agc4 ,mat!w ,arnold4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #agd4 ,rob]t ,br[n+4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #age4 ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,field ,talf\rd1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y74 #agf4 ,facsimile ( ,,ms4 f ,pippa ,passes4 #agg4 ,alfr$ ,t5nyson4 7,f a photograph by ,mayall74 #agh4 ,f>r+=d4 #agi4 ,facsimile ( ,,ms4 ( ,cross+ ! ,b>4 #ahj4 ,alg]non ,*>les ,sw9burne4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti74 #aha4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 7,f ! pa9t+ by ,john ,colli]74 #ahb4 ,m[gli & 8 ,bro!rs4 7,f ,! ,jungle ,book74 #ahc4 ,! ,cat ,t ,walk$4 7,f ,kipl+'s draw+ = ,j-,s ,/ories74 #ahd4 ,joseph ,conrad4 #ahe4 ,arnold ,b5nett4 #ahf4 ,john ,galswor?y4 #ahg4 ,h]b]t ,george ,wells4 #ahh4 ,william ,butl] ,yeats4 #ahi4 ,john ,masefield4 #aij4 ,alfr$ ,noyes4 #aia4 ,h5ry ,ar?ur ,jones4 #aib4 ,ar?ur ,w+ ,p9]o4 #aic4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw4 7,f ! bu/ by ,rod974 #aid4 ,james ,mat!w ,b>rie4 #aie4 ,/eph5 ,phillips4 #aif4 ,lady ,gregory4 #aig4 ,john ,synge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lit]>y ,,map ,,( ,,engl& ,illu/ration3 ,,lit]>y ,,map ,,( ,,engl& ,,new ,,engli% ,,lit]ature ,,introduction ,,lit]>y ,,engl& ,"s k ( ! homes & haunts ( ,engli% au?ors is necess>y = an und]/&+ ( _! "w4 ,we feel 9 mu* clos] t\* ) ,%akespe>e aft] m]ely read+ ab\t ,/rat=d-on-,avon2 b we seem to %>e 8 exp]i5ces :5 we actually walk f ,/rat=d-on-,avon to ,%ott]y & ,w>wick4 ,! sc5]y & life ( ! ,lake ,c\ntry are reflect$ 9 ,wordswor?'s poetry4 ,ayr & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry ?r[ a flood ( light on ! "w ( ,burns4 ,! /reets ( ,london are a comm5t>y on ! novels ( ,dick5s4 ,a j\rney to ,cant]bury aids u 9 recreat+ ! life ( ,*auc]'s ,pilgrims4 ,mu* may be le>n$ f a /udy ( lit]>y ,engl&4 ,:e!r "o does or does n travel1 su* /udy is necess>y4 ,^? :o hope at "s "t to visit ,engl& %\ld acquire 9 advance z mu* k z possible ab\t ! lit]>y associations ( ! places to be visit$2 = :5 ! opportunity = ! trip f9ally comes1 !re is usually insuffici5t "t = su* prep>ation z w enable ! travel] to d]ive ! greate/ enjoym5t f a visit to ! lit]>y c5t]s 9 :i* ,great ,brita9 ab\nds4 ,:5ev] an au?or is /udi$1 8 bir?place %\ld be locat$ on ! lit]>y map4 ,ba$ek]'s ,great ,brita9 w be indisp5sable 9 mak+ an it9]>y4 ,! ,ref]5ce ,li/ = ,lit]>y ,engl& is suffici5tly compreh5sive to enable any "o to plan an enjoyable lit]>y pilgrimage ?r\gh ,great ,brita9 & to le>n ! mo/ important facts ab\t ! places connect$ ) ,engli% au?ors4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions f ! au?or's exp]i5ce are int5d$ to s]ve m]ely z an illu/ration ( h[ to beg9 an it9]>y4 ,! majority ( ea/-b\nd /eam%ips call at ,plym\?1 a good place to disemb>k = a lit]>y trip4 ,f ,plym\?1 ! travel] may g to ,exet] 7a qua9t old t[n ) a f9e ca!dral1 ! home ( ,exet] ,book17 !nce by rail to ,camel=d 9 ,cornwall & by coa* f\r miles to ! fasc9at+ ,t9tagel 7,k+ ,ar?ur71 :]e1 z ,t5nyson says 9 8 ,idylls ( ! ,k+3-- ,all d[n ! ?und]+ %ores ( ,bude & ,bos1 ,!re came a day z /ill z heav51 & !n ,!y f\nd a nak$ *ild ^u ! s&s ,( d>k ,t9tagil by ! ,corni% sea1 ,& t 0 ,ar?ur4 ,next1 ! travel] may g by coa* to ,bude 7( :i* ,t5nyson rem>k$1 ,i he> t !re are l>g] waves at ,bude ?an at any o!r place4 ,i mu/ g ?i!r & be alone ) ,god7 & to unique ,clovelly & ,bide=d 7,k+sley71 by rail to ,ilfracombe1 by coa* to ,lynton 7,lorna ,doone71 & ! adjac5t ,lynm\? 7:]e ,%elley pass$ "s ( 8 happie/ days & al>m$ ! au?orities by sett+ afloat bottles conta9+ 8 ,decl>ation ( ,rights71 by coa* to ,m9ehead1 by rail to ,wat*et1 driv+ pa/ ,alfoxd5 7,wordswor?7 to ,ne!r-,/[ey 7,col]idge7 & ! ,quantock ,hills1 by motor & rail to ,gla/onbury 7,isle ( ,avalon1 burial place ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & ,que5 ,gu9ev]e71 by rail to ,wells 7ca!dral71 to ,ba? 7_m lit]>y associations71 to ,bri/ol 7,*att]ton1 ,s\!y71 to ,gl\ce/] 7f9e ca!dral1 tomb ( ,edw>d ,,ii71 & to ,ross1 ! />t+ po9t = a rem>kable all day's r[ d[n ! riv] ,wye to ,t9t]n ,abbey 7,wordswor?71 /opp+ = d9n] at ,monm\? 7,ge(frey ( ,monm\?74 ,aft] a />t simil> to ! =ego+1 ! travel] %\ld beg9 to make an it9]>y ( 8 own4 ,he w enjoy a trip m if he has a %>e 9 plann+ x4 ,f ,t9t]n ,abbey he might proce$1 = in/ance1 to ,/rat=d-on-,avon 7,%akespe>e72 !n to ,w>wick1 ,k5ilwor?1 & ! ,george ,eliot ,c\ntry 9 ,nor? ,w>wick%ire & ,/af=d%ire4 ,f> natural beauty1 !re is no?+ 9 ,engl& t is m delightful ?an a coa*+ trip ?r\gh ,wordswor?'s ,lake ,c\ntry 7,cumb]l& & ,we/morel&74 ,f !re x is n f> to ! ,c>lyle ,c\ntry 7,ecclefe*an1 ,craig5puttock71 to ! ,burns ,c\ntry 7,dumfries1 ,ayr71 & to ! ,scott ,c\ntry 7,lo* ,katr9e1 ,! ,trossa*s1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,abbots=d74 ,9 ,ed9burgh1 ,william ,%>p's /atem5t ab\t ,/ev5son %\ld be rememb]$1 ,"o c1 9 a ^w1 outl9e ,/ev5son's own c\ntry z all ! region t on a cle> day "o may 9 ! he>t ( ,ed9burgh descry f ! ,ca/le walls4 ,if ! travel] l&s at ,s\?ampton1 he is on ! ea/]n edge ( ,?omas ,h>dy's ,wessex1 ,dor*e/] 9 ,dorset%ire be+ ! c5t]4 ,! ,jane ,au/5 ,c\ntry 7,/ev5ton1 ,*awton7 is 9 ,hamp%ire4 ,to ! ea/1 9 ,surrey1 is ,bur=d ,bridge ne> ,dork+1 :]e ,keats wrote "p ( 8 ,endymion1 :]e ,george ,m]$i? _h 8 summ] home1 & :]e ! c\ntry ( 8 poetry is locat$4 ,9 ,london1 x is a pleasure to trace "s ( ! greate/ lit]>y associations 9 ! _w4 ,we may /& at ! corn] ( ,monkwell & ,silv] /reets1 on ! site ( a build+ 9 :i* ,%akespe>e wrote "s ( 8 greate/ plays4 ,milton liv$ 9 ! vic9ity & is buri$ n f> di/ant 9 ,/4 ,giles ,*ur*4 ,9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey we f9d ! graves ( _m ( ! greate/ au?ors1 f ,*auc] to ,t5nyson4 ,london is n only ,dick5s ,l& & ,?ack]ay ,l&1 b also ! ,l& ( _m o!r writ]s4 ,we may /ill eat 9 ! ,old ,*e%ire ,*eese1 :]e ,johnson & ,goldsmi? d9$4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 lit]>y ,engl& ought to include ! ca!dral t[ns 9 _! it9]>y1 s t !y may visit ! wond]ful poems 9 /one1 "s ( :i*1 e4g41 ,cant]bury 7,*auc]71 ,w9*e/] 7,izaak ,walton1 ,jane ,au/571 ,li*field 7,johnson71 h lit]>y associations4 ,= ?is reason1 all ( ! ca!dral t[ns 9 ,engl& h be5 includ$ 9 ! lit]>y map4 ,,ref]5ce ,,li/ ,,= ,,lit]>y ,,engl&3 ,ba$ek]'s ,great ,brita9 7includes ,engl& & ,scotl&74 ,ba$ek]'s ,london & its ,environs4 ,adcock's ,fam\s ,h\ses & ,lit]>y ,%r9es ( ,london4 ,lang's ,lit]>y ,london4 ,hutton's ,lit]>y ,l&m>ks 9 ,london4 ,lucas's ,a ,w&]] 9 ,london4 ,%elley's ,lit]>y ,by-,pa?s 9 ,old ,engl&4 ,baildon's ,homes & ,haunts ( ,fam\s ,au?ors4 ,bates's ,f ,gretna ,gre5 to ,l&'s ,end4 ,masson's ,9 ! ,foot/eps ( ! ,poets4 ,wolfe's ,a ,lit]>y ,pilgrimage among ! ,haunts ( ,fam\s ,briti% ,au?ors4 ,salmon's ,lit]>y ,rambles 9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl&4 ,hutton's ,a ,book ( ! ,wye4 ,headlam's ,ox=d 7,m$ieval ,t[ns ,s]ies74 ,w9t]'s ,%akespe>e's ,engl&4 ,murray's ,h&book ( ,w>wick%ire4 ,lee's ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ! ,dea? ( ,%akespe>e4 ,tompk9s's ,/rat=d-on-,avon 7,d5t's ,temple ,topographies74 ,brass+ton's ,%akespe>e's ,homel&4 ,w9t]'s ,grey ,days & ,gold 7,%akespe>e74 ,coll+wood's ,! ,lake ,c\nties 7,d5t's ,c\nty ,guides74 ,wordswor?'s ,! ,prelude 7,books ,i4-,v474 ,rawnsley's ,lit]>y ,associations ( ! ,engli% ,lakes4 ,knight's ,?r\gh ! ,wordswor? ,c\ntry4 ,bradley's ,highways & ,byways 9 ! ,engli% ,lakes4 ,j]rold's ,surrey 7,d5t's ,c\nty ,guides74 ,dew>'s ,hamp%ire ) ,isle ( ,wight 7,d5t's ,c\nty ,guides74 ,w>d's ,! ,cant]bury ,pilgrimage4 ,h>p]'s ,! ,h>dy ,c\ntry4 ,snell's ,! ,blackmore ,c\ntry4 ,melville's ,! ,?ack]ay ,c\ntry4 ,kitton's ,! ,dick5s ,c\ntry4 ,sloan's ,! ,c>lyle ,c\ntry4 ,d\gall's ,! ,burns ,c\ntry4 ,crockett's ,! ,scott ,c\ntry4 ,hill's ,jane ,au/53 ,h] ,homes & ,h] ,fri5ds4 ,cook's ,homes & ,haunts ( ,john ,rusk94 ,william ,%>p's ,lit]>y ,geography & ,travel ,sket*es 7,vol4 ,,iv4 ( ,works7 conta9s *apt]s on ,! ,c\ntry ( ,/ev5son1 ,! ,c\ntry ( ,george ,m]$i?1 ,! ,c\ntry ( ,c>lyle1 ,! ,c\ntry ( ,george4 ,eliot1 ,! ,bront ,c\ntry1 ,?ack]ay ,l&1 ,! ,?ames f ,ox=d to ! ,nore4 ,hutton's ,lit]>y ,l&m>ks ( ,ed9burgh4 ,/ev5son's ,picturesque ,notes on ,ed9burgh4 ,l(tie's ,brief ,acc\nt ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,p>k]'s ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,go?ic ,ar*itecture4 ,/anley's ,memorials ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,kimball's ,an ,engli% ,ca!dral ,j\rney4 ,s+leton's ,h[ to ,visit ! ,engli% ,ca!drals4 ,bond's ,! ,engli% ,ca!drals 7#bjj illu/rations74 ,cram's ,! ,ru9$ ,abbeys ( ,great ,brita9 7#f illu/rations74 ,home's ,:at to ,see 9 ,engl&4 ,boynton's ,london 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,,g5]al ,,ref]5ce ,,li/ ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,engli% ,,lit]ature#a3 ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 #ad vols4 ,g>nett & ,gosse's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 #d vols4 ,morley's ,engli% ,writ]s1 #aa vols4 ,juss]&'s ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,ta9e's ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,c\r?ope's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 #f vols4 ,/eph5s & ,lee's ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography 7dead au?ors74 ,new ,int]national ,cyclop$ia 7liv+ & dead au?ors74 ,engli% ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies 7abbreviat$ ref]5ce1 ,e4,m4,l47 ,great ,writ]s' ,s]ies 7abbreviat$ ref]5ce4 ,g4,w474 ,poole's ,index 7& cont9uation volumes = ref]5ce to critical articles 9 p]iodicals74 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,catalogue & ,cumulative ,book ,index4 ,,selections ,,f ,,engli% ,,lit]ature#b3 99,pancoa/ & ,spae?'s ,e>ly ,engli% ,poems4 7,p4 ,s47#c 99,w>r5's ,treasury ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,"p ,i4 7,orig9s to ,elev5? ,c5tury3 ,london1 ,"o ,%ill+47 7,w>r547 99,w>d's ,engli% ,poets1 #d vols4 7,w>d47 99,bronson's ,engli% ,poems1 #d vols4 7,bronson47 ,ox=d ,treasury ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,be[ulf to ,jacobean2 99,vol4 ,,ii41 ,gr[? ( ! ,drama2 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,jacobean to ,victorian4 7,ox=d ,treasury47 99,ox=d ,book ( ,engli% ,v]se4 7,ox=d47 99,craik's ,engli% ,prose1 #e vols4 7,craik47 99,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 7,page47 ,*amb]s's ,cyclop$ia ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 7,*amb]s47 ,manly's ,engli% ,poetry 7f #aagj74 7,manly ,i47 ,manly's ,engli% ,prose 7f #aacg74 7,manly ,,ii47 ,c5tury ,read+s = a ,c\rse 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature4 7,c5tury47 ,,*apt] ,i3 ,,f #ddi ,a4,d4 ,,to ,,! ,,norman ,,conque/1 #ajff ,subject ,matt] & ,aim4--,! hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature traces ! developm5t ( ! be/ poetry & prose writt5 9 ,engli% by ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,= m ?an twelve hundr$ ye>s ! ,anglo-,saxon race has be5 produc+ ?is great lit]ature1 :i* includes among its a*ievem5ts ! incomp>able "w ( ,%akespe>e4 ,?is lit]ature is s great 9 am\nt t ! /ud5t :o approa*es ! /udy )\t a guide is usually bewild]$4 ,he ne$s a hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature = ! same reason t a travel] 9 ,engl& requires a guidebook4 ,su* a hi/ory %\ld d m ?an indicate :]e ! *oice/ treasures ( lit]ature may be f\nd2 x %\ld also %[ ! int]e/+ /ages ( developm5t2 x %\ld emphasize "s ( ! ideals t h made ! ,anglo-,saxons "o ( ! mo/ fam\s races 9 ! _w2 & x %\ld inspire a love = ! read+ ( good lit]ature4 ,no satisfactory def9ition ( lit]ature has ev] be5 fram$4 ,milton's conception ( x 0 some?+ s writt5 to aft] times1 z !y %\ld n will+ly let x die4 ,%akespe>e's work+ def9ition ( lit]ature 0 some?+ address$ n to aft] times b to an et]nal pres5t1 & inve/$ ) su* a t\* ( nature z to make ! :ole _w k94 ,:5 he says ( ,duncan3-- ,aft] life's fitful fev] he sleeps well1 he t\*es ! feel+s ( mortals ( all times & op5s ! door = imag9ative activity1 caus+ u to wond] :y life %\ld be a fitful fev]1 foll[$ by an incommunicable sleep4 ,mu* ( :at we call lit]ature w\ld n survive ! te/ ( ,%akespe>e's def9ition2 b true lit]ature mu/ appeal to imag9ation & feel+ z well z to intellect4 ,no m]e def9ition c take ! place ( :at may be call$ a feel+ = lit]ature4 ,su* a feel+ w develop z ! be/ ,engli% poetry & prose3 are sympa!tically read4 ,wordswor? _h ?is feel+ :5 he def9$ ! poets z ^?3-- ,:o gave u nobl] loves & nobl] c>es4 ,! ,mission ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4--,x is a p]t95t "q to ask1 ,:at has ,engli% lit]ature to (f]8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 to quote ,b5 ,jonson3-- ,! ?ir/ t f ! s\l clo? rise ,do? ask a dr9k div9e4 ,engli% lit]ature is ( prem95t wor? 9 help+ to supply t ?ir/4 ,x br+s u face to face ) great ideals1 :i* increase our s5se ( responsibility = ! /ew>d%ip ( life & t5d to raise ! level ( our individual a*ievem5t4 ,we h a height5$ s5se ( ! dem&s :i* life makes & a bett] compreh5sion ( ! f>-(f div9e ev5t t[>d :i* we move1 aft] we h he>d ,sw9burne's r++ call3-- 444?is ?+ is ,god1 ,to be man ) ?y might1 ,to gr[ /raight 9 ! /r5g? ( ?y _s1 & live out ?y life z ! light4 ,we feel prompt$ to act on ! sugge/ion (-- 444him :o s+s ,to "o cle> h>p 9 div]s tones1 ,t m5 may rise on /rip+-/ones ,( _! dead selves to high] ?+s4#d ,9 ! second place1 ! v>i\s spiritual activities dem&$ = ! int]pretation ( ! be/ ?+s 9 lit]ature add to enjoym5t4 ,?is pleasure1 unlike t :i* arises f physical gratification1 increases ) age1 & (t5 becomes ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t z life advances4 ,%akespe>e has ,prosp]o say3-- 444my libr>y ,0 duk$om l>ge en\gh4 ,! sugge/ions f great m9ds disclose vi/as t we might nev] o!rwise see4 ,br[n+ truly says3-- 444we're made s t we love ,fir/ :5 we see !m pa9t$1 ?+s we h pass$ ,p]haps a hundr$ tunes nor c>$ to see4 ,sometimes x is only aft] read+ ,%akespe>e t we c see-- 444w9k+ ,m>y buds beg9 ,to ope _! gold5 eyes4 ,) ev]y?+ t pretty is4 & only aft] sp5d+ "s "t 9 ,wordswor?'s company t ! common objects ( our daily life become inve/$ )-- ,! glory & ! fre%ness ( a dream4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 we %\ld emphasize ! fact t "o great function ( ,engli% lit]ature is to br+ deliv]ance to s\ls we>y ) r\t9e1 despond5t1 or suff]+ ! /roke ( "s affliction4 ,9 ord] to transfigure ! ev]yday duties ( life1 !re is ne$ ( imag9ation1 ( a vision su* z ! poets give4 ,)\t su* a vision ! tasks ( life are drudg]y4 ,! dramas ( ! poets br+ relief & incite to nobl] action4 ,! s\l ha? ne$ ( prophet & r$eem]4 ,h] out/ret*$ w+s aga9/ h] prison+ b>s ,%e waits = tru?1 & tru? is ) ! dream] ,p]si/5t z ! myriad light ( />s4#e ,we ne$ to li/5 to a poet l ,br[n+1 :o-- ,nev] d\bt$ cl\ds w\ld break1 ,nev] dream$1 ?o' "r 7 wor/$1 wrong w\ld triumph4 ,held we fall to rise1 are baffl$ to fight bett]1 ,sleep to wake4 ,9 ! f\r? place1 ! tw5tie? c5tury is emphasiz+ ! fact t nei!r happ9ess nor p]petuity ( gov]nm5t is possible )\t ! developm5t ( a _s ( s]vice1--a tru? long s9ce taught by ,engli% lit]ature4 ,we may le>n ?is lesson f ,be[ulf1 ! fir/ ,engli% epic1 f ,alfr$ ! ,great1 f ,william ,langl&1 & f ,*auc]'s ,p>i% ,prie/4 ,all ,%akespe>e's greate/ & happie/ *>act]s1 all ! great failures ( 8 dramas1 are s]mons on ?is text4 ,9 ,! ,tempe/ he pres5ts ,ariel1 t5d]+ 8 s]vice to ,prosp]o3-- ,all hail1 great ma/]6 grave sir1 hail6 ,i come ,to answ] ?y be/ pleasure4 ,%akespe>e delights to %[ ,f]d9& w9n+ ,mir&a ?r\gh s]vice1 & ,caliban rema9+ an abhorr$ creature because he dete/$ s]vice4 ,mu* ( mod]n lit]ature is an illum9at$ text on ! glory ( s]vice4 ,col]idge voic$ = all ! com+ ye>s :at has gr[n to be almo/ an elem5tal feel+ to ! ,engli%-speak+ race3-- ,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small4 ,! ,home & ,migrations ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,race4--,j z !re 0 a "t :5 no ,engli% foot _h t\*$ ! %ores ( ,am]ica1 s !re 0 a p]iod :5 ! ance/ors ( ! ,engli% liv$ f> away f ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,= ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s prior to ! com+ ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ,brita9 _h be5 a ,roman prov9ce4 ,9 #daj ,a4,d4 ! ,romans )drew _! legions f ,brita9 to protect ,rome h]self aga9/ sw>ms ( ,teutonic invad]s4 ,ab\t #ddi a b& ( ,teutons1 call$ ,jutes1 left ,d5m>k1 l&$ on ! ,isle ( ,?anet 79 ! nor?-ea/]n "p ( ,k5t71 & began ! conque/ ( ,brita94 ,w>riors f ! tribes ( ! ,angles & ! ,saxons soon foll[$1 & drove we/w>d ! orig9al inhabitants1 ! ,britons or ,wel%1 i4e4 =eign]s1 z ! ,teutons /yl$ ! natives4 ,be=e ! invasion ( ,brita91 ! ,teutons inhabit$ ! c5tral "p ( ,europe z f> s\? z ! ,rh9e1 a tract :i* 9 a l>ge measure co9cides ) mod]n ,g]many4 ,! ,jutes1 ,angles1 & ,saxons 7 diff]5t tribes ( ,teutons4 ,^! ance/ors ( ! ,engli% dwelt 9 ,d5m>k & 9 ! l&s ext5d+ s\?w>d along ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,! ,angles1 an important ,teutonic tribe1 furni%$ ! "n = ! new home1 :i* 0 call$ ,angle-l&1 aft]w>d %ort5$ into ,engl&4 ,! language spok5 by ^! tribes is g5]ally call$ ,anglo-,saxon or ,saxon4 ,! ,tra9+ ( ! ,race4--,! climate is a pot5t factor 9 det]m9+ ! vigor & *>act]i/ics ( a race4 ,nature re>$ ! ,teuton l a wise b n indulg5t p>5t4 ,by e me?od kn[n to h]1 %e endeavor$ to r5d] him fit to colonize & sway ! _w4 ,summ] paid him b a brief visit4 ,8 companions 7 ! fro/1 ! flutt]+ sn[flake1 ! /++ hail4 ,= music1 in/ead ( ! s(t notes ( a %eph]d's pipe "u blue ,italian or ,grecian skies1 he li/5$ to ! nor? w9d :i/l+ among ! b>e bran*es1 or to ! ro> ( an angry nor!rn sea ^u ! bleak coa/4 ,! feeble c\ld n )/& ! rigor ( su* a climate1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! com=ts ( civilization4 ,only ! /ronge/ 9 ea* g5]ation surviv$2 & ^! transmitt$ to _! *ildr5 increas+ vigor4 ,w>f>e 0 incessant n only ) nature b also ) ! surr\nd+ tribes4 ,nature kept ! ,teuton 9 su* a s*ool until he seem$ fit to colonize ! _w & to produce a lit]ature t w\ld appeal to humanity 9 e age4 ,! ,e>ly ,teutonic ,religion4--,9 ! e>ly days on ! cont95t1 be=e ! ,teuton _h le>n$ ( ,*ri/ianity1 8 religi\s beliefs receiv$ _! mo/ pron\nc$ color+ f ! rigors ( 8 nor!rn climate1 f ! ,fro/ ,giants1 ! p]sonifi$ =ces ( evil1 ) :om he battl$4 ,! k9dly1 life-br++ spr+ & summ]1 :i* seem$ to him e>?'s r$eem+ div9ity1 7 soon sla9 by ! arr[s t came f ! w9t]'s quiv]s4 ,n ev5 ,?or1 ! wield] ( ! ?und]bolt1 nor ,wod51 ! ,all-,fa!r1 delay$ ! inevitable h\r :5 ! dusk ( w9t] came1 :5 ! voice ( ,baldur c\ld no long] be he>d awak+ e>? to a new life4 ,! approa* ( ! twilight ( ! gods1 ! ,gtt]dmm]ung1 0 a /]n reality to ! ,teuton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wod54 ,al?\gh in/9ct ) gloomy fatalism1 ?is religion taught brav]y4 ,none b ! brave 7 invit$ to ,valhalla to become ,wod5's gue/4 ,! brave man might p]i%1 b ev5 !n he won victory2 = he 0 invit$ to sit ) h]oes at ! table ( ! gods4 ,none b ! brave des]ves ! fair1 is m]ely a mod]n s(t5$ r5d]+ ( ! old _s4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* 0 br\ght to ! ,teuton aft] he _h come to ,engl&1 f\nd him already ca/ 9 a semi-h]oic mold4 ,b be=e he c\ld proce$ on 8 mat*less c>e] ( _w conque/1 be=e he c\ld produce a ,%akespe>e & plant 8 flag 9 ! sun%9e ( e l&1 x 0 necess>y = ?is new fai? to develop 9 him ! belief t a man ( high ideals1 work+ 9 unison ) ! div9ity t %apes 8 end1 may rise sup]ior to fate & be giv5 ! /r5g? to ov]come ! p[]s ( evil & to mold ! _w to 8 w4 ,! int5sity ( ?is fai?1 sway+ an en]getic race naturally fitt$ to respond to ! great moral =ces ( ! univ]se1 has enabl$ ! ,anglo-,saxon to produce ! _w's greate/ lit]ature1 to evolve ! be/ gov]nm5t = develop+ human capabilities1 & to make ! :ole _w feel ! effect ( 8 ideals & =ce ( "*4 ,at ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 a ,fr5* philosoph] wrote a book entitl$ ,anglo-,saxon ,sup]iority1 ,9 ,:at ,does x ,consi/8 ,8 answ] 01 ,9 self-reliance & 9 ! happ9ess f\nd 9 surm\nt+ ! mat]ial & moral difficulties ( life4 ,a /udy ( ! lit]ature 9 :i* ! ideals ( ! race are mo/ arti/ically & effectively embodi$ w lead to mu* ! same conclusion4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,anglo-,saxon ,engl&4--,! fir/ task ( ! ,anglo-,saxons aft] settl+ 9 ,engl& 0 to subdue ! ,briti%1 ! race t has giv5 ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table to ,engli% lit]ature4 ,by #fjj ,a4,d41 aft] a c5tury & a half ( /ruggle1 ! ,anglo-,saxons _h probably occupi$ ab\t half ( ,engl&4 ,!y did n build on ! civilization t ,rome _h left :5 %e )drew 9 #daj1 b de/roy$ ! t[ns & liv$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! typical ,engli%man /ill loves to dwell 9 a c\ntry home4 ,! "w ( ,anglo-,saxon ,engl& consi/$ *iefly 9 till+ ! soil & 9 fight+4 ,! ye> #eig m>ks an especially important date1 ! com+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o br\ght ! ,*ri/ian fai? to ! ,anglo-,saxons4 ,education1 lit]ature1 & art foll[$ f9d+ _! home 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,= ne>ly #djj ye>s aft] com+ to ,engl&1 ! diff]5t tribes 7 n unit$ "u "o rul]4 ,n until #hcj did ,egb]t1 k+ ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 become ov]lord ( ,engl&4 ,be=e & aft] ?is "t1 ! ,danes repeat$ly plund]$ ! l&4 ,!y f9ally settl$ 9 ! ea/]n "p above ! ,?ames4 ,alfr$ 7#hdi-ijj71 ! greate/ ( ,anglo-,saxon rul]s1 tempor>ily *eck$ !m1 b 9 ! latt] "p ( ! t5? c5tury !y 7 m tr\blesome1 & 9 #ajag !y made ,canute1 ! ,dane1 k+ ( ,engl&4 ,=tunately ! ,danes 7 ( ! same race1 & !y easily amalgamat$ ) ! ,saxons4 ,^! invasions wa/$ ! en]gies ( ,engl& dur+ m ?an two c5turies1 b ?is long p]iod ( /ruggle br\ght little *ange to ! in/itutions or mann] ( life 9 ,anglo-,saxon ,engl&4 ,! witan1 or assembly ( wise m51 ! =]unn] ( ! pres5t ,engli% p>liam5t1 met 9 #ajff & *ose ,h>old1 ! la/ ,anglo-,saxon k+4 ,dur+ ^! six hundr$ re>s1 ! ,anglo-,saxons conqu]$ ! ,briti%1 accept$ ,*ri/ianity1 f\ght ! ,danes1 f9ally amalgamat+ ) !m1 br\ght to ,engl& a la/+ repres5tative type ( gov]nm5t1 e/abli%$ ! fundam5tal cu/oms ( ! race1 surpass$ all contempor>y we/]n ,european peoples 9 ! production ( lit]ature1 & 7 ready to receive fre% impetus f ! ,normans 9 #ajff4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,language4--,our olde/ ,engli% lit]ature is writt5 9 ! language spok5 by ! ,angles & ! ,saxons4 ,?is at fir/ sight looks l a /range tongue to "o conv]sant ) mod]n ,engli% only2 b ! language t we employ to-day has ! framework1 ! bone & s9ew1 ( ! e>li] tongue4 ,mod]n ,engli% is no m unlike ,anglo-,saxon ?an a be>d$ man is unlike 8 =m] *ildi% self4 ,a few examples w %[ ! lik5ess & ! diff]5ce4 ,! noble que5 w\ld 9 ,anglo-,saxon be seo aeele cwen2 ! noble que5's1 a]e aeelan cwene4 ,seo is ! nom9ative fem99e s+ul>1 a]e ! g5itive1 ( ! def9ite article4 ,! adjective & ! n\n also *ange _! =ms ) ! v>y+ cases4 ,9 its inflections1 ,anglo-,saxon resembles its si/] language1 ! mod]n ,g]man4 ,aft] ! fir/ feel+ ( /rang5ess has pass$ away1 x is easy to recognize _m ( ! old words4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ?is f ,be[ulf3-- 444y he "o feond (]cwom1 gehnaegde helle ga/4 ,"h are eight words1 app>5tly /range1 b ev5 a novice soon recognizes five ( !m3 he1 feond 7fi5d71 (]cwom 7ov]came71 helle 7hell71 ga/ 7gho/74 ,! ^w "o1 /range z x looks1 is m]ely ! article !4 444!re=e he ov]came ! fi5d1 ,subdu$ ! gho/ ( hell4 ,let u take f ! same poem ano!r passage1 conta9+ ! fam\s simile3-- 444leoht inne /od1 efne swa ( hef5e hadre scine rodores c&el4 ,( ^! elev5 words1 sev5 may be recogniz$3 leoht 7light71 inne 7971 /od 7/ood71 (1 hef5e 7heav571scine 7%9e?71 c&el 7c&le74 444a light /ood )91 ,ev5 s f heav5 s]5ely %9e? ,! firmam5t's c&le4 ,"s pref] to use ,old ,engli% 9 place ( ,anglo-,saxon 9 ord] to emphasize ! cont9uity ( ! developm5t ( ! language4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 sometimes conv5i5t to employ diff]5t t]ms = diff]5t p]iods ( developm5t ( ! same entity4 ,we d n insi/ on call+ a man a gr[n boy1 al?\gh !re may be no absolute l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 boy & man4 ,e>lie/ ,anglo-,saxon ,lit]ature4--,z ) ! ,greeks & ,romans1 s ) ! ,teutons1 poetry af=d$ ! fir/ lit]>y outlet = ! feel+s4 ,! fir/ productions 7 h&$ d[n by memory4 ,poetry is easily memoriz$ & naturally l5ds itself to s++ & musical accompanim5t4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ev5 prose w\ld spe$ily fall into metrical =m4 ,poetry is1 fur!rmore1 ! mo/ suitable vehicle ( expression = ! emotions4 ,! anci5ts1 unlike mod]n writ]s1 seldom und]took to make lit]ature unless !y felt s deeply t sil5ce 0 impossible4 ,! ,=m ( ,anglo-,saxon ,poetry4--,ea* l9e is divid$ ,into two p>ts by a major pause4 ,because ea* ( ^! p>ts 0 (t5 pr9t$ z a complete l9e 9 old texts1 ,be[ulf has sometimes be5 call$ a poem ( #fcfh l9es1 al?\gh x has b #cahd4 ,a /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry is consonantal allit]ation2 t is1 ! repetition ( ! same consonant at ! beg9n+ ( words 9 ! same l9e3-- ,gr5del gongan2 ,godes yrre ba]4 ,gr5del go+2 ,god's ang] b>e4 ,! usual type ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry has two allit]ations 9 ! fir/ half ( ! l9e & "o 9 ! second4 ,! l9es v>y consid]ably 9 ! numb] ( syllables4 ,! l9e f ,be[ulf quot$ j above has n9e syllables4 ,! foll[+ l9e f ! same poem has elev53-- ,flota famig-heals1 fugle gelico/4 ,! float] foamy-neck$1 to a f[l mo/ l4 ,?is l9e1 also f ,be[ulf has eight syllables3-- ,nip5de niht1 & noran w9d4 ,noisome night1 & nor!rn w9d4 ,v[el allit]ation is less common4 ,:]e ?is is employ$1 ! v[els are g5]ally diff]5t1 z is %[n 9 ! pr9cipal words ( ! foll[+ l9e3-- ,on ead1 on aeht1 on eorcan /an4 ,on weal?1 on goods1 on preci\s /one4 ,end rime is uncommon1 b we mu/ bew>e ( ?9k+ t !re is no rhy?m1 = t is a pron\nc$ *>act]i/ic4 ,anglo-,saxon v]se 0 int5d$ to be sung1 & h5ce rhy?m & acc5t or /ress are important4 ,/ress & ! l5g? ( ! l9e are v>i$2 b we usually f9d t ! f\r mo/ important words1 two 9 ea* half ( ! l9e1 are /ress$ on _! mo/ important syllable4 ,allit]ation usually %[s :]e to place ?ree /resses4 ,a f\r? /ress g5]ally falls on a ^w pres5t+ an emphatic idea ne> ! end ( ! l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,exet] ,,ca!dral4 ,! ,manuscripts t h h&$ d[n ,anglo-,saxon ,lit]ature4--,! e>lie/ ,anglo-,saxon poetry 0 transmitt$ by ! memories ( m54 ,f9ally1 ) ! sl[ gr[? ( le>n+1 a few acquir$ ! art ( writ+1 & transcrib$ on p>*m5t a small portion ( ! curr5t songs4 ,! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity u%]$ 9 prose translations & a few orig9al compositions1 :i* 7 tak5 d[n on p>*m5t & kept 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,! /udy ( ,anglo-,saxon lit]ature is comp>atively rec5t1 = its treasures h n be5 long accessible4 ,its mo/ fam\s poem1 ,be[ulf1 0 n pr9t$ until ! dawn ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,9 #ahbb ,dr4 ,blume1 a ,g]man pr(essor ( law1 happ5$ to f9d 9 a mona/]y at ,v]celli1 ,italy1 a l>ge volume ( ,anglo-,saxon manuscript1 conta9+ a numb] ( f9e poems & tw5ty-two s]mons4 ,?is is n[ kn[n z ! ,v]celli ,book4 ,no "o kn[s h[ x happ5$ to rea* ,italy4 ,ano!r l>ge p>*m5t volume ( poems & miscellany 0 deposit$ by ,bi%op ,le(ric at ! ca!dral ( ,exet] 9 ,devon%ire1 ab\t #ajej ,a4,d4 ,?is collection1 "o ( ! priz$ treasures ( t ca!dral1 is n[ call$ ! ,exet] ,book4 ,_m valuable manuscripts 7 de/roy$ at ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 betwe5 #aece & #aedj4 ,john ,bale1 a contempor>y writ]1 says t ^? :o pur*as$ ! mona/]ies res]v$ ! books1 "s to sc\r _! c&le/icks1 "s to rub _! boots1 "s !y sold to ! groc]s & soap sell]s1 & "s !y s5t ov] sea to ! bookb9d]s1 n 9 small numb]s1 b at times :ole %ips full1 to ! wond] ( =eign nations4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,scop & ,gleeman4--,our e>lie/ poetry 0 made curr5t & kept fre% 9 memory by ! s+]s4 ,! k+s & nobles (t5 atta*$ to !m a scop1 or mak] ( v]ses4 ,:5 ! w>riors1 aft] "s victori\s battle1 7 fea/+ at _! long tables1 ! banquet 0 n complete )\t ! songs ( ! scop4 ,:ile ! w>riors ate ! fle% ( bo> & de]1 & w>m$ _! blood ) horns ( foam+ ale1 ! scop1 /&+ :]e ! blaze f a pile ( logs disclos$ to him ! grizzly features ( ! m51 sang 8 mo/ /irr+ songs1 (t5 accompany+ !m ) ! music ( a rude h>p4 ,z ! fea/]s r\s$ 8 en?usiasm ) _! applause1 he w\ld sometimes indulge 9 an outbur/ ( eloqu5t extempore song4 ,n infrequ5tly ! imag9ation ( "s k+ or noble w\ld be fir$1 & he w\ld s+ ( 8 own great de$s4 ,we read 9 ,be[ulf t 9 ,hro?g>'s fam\s hall-- 444a] 0 he>pan sweg1 swutol sang scopes4 444!re 0 s\nd ( h>p ,l\d ! s++ ( ! scop4 ,9 addition to ! scop1 :o 0 m or less p]man5tly atta*$ to ! royal c\rt or hall ( a noble1 !re 0 a craft ( gleem5 :o rov$ f hall to hall4 ,9 ! song ( ,widsi we cat* a glimpse ( ! life ( a gleeman3-- ,swa scriende gesceapum hweorfa gleom5 gum5a geond grunda fela4 ,?us rov+1 ) %apd songs !re w&] ,! gleem5 ( ! p ?r\gh _m l&s4 ,! scop 0 an orig9ator ( poetry1 ! gleeman m (t5 a m]e repeat]1 al?\gh ?is di/9ction 9 ! use ( ! t]ms 0 n obs]v$ 9 lat] times4 ,! ,songs ( ,scop & ,gleeman4--,! subject matt] ( ^! songs 0 sugge/$ by ! mo/ common exp]i5ces ( ! "t4 ,^! 7 ) w>1 ! sea1 & dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,gleeman4 ,f ! tape/ry design$ by ,h4,a4 ,bone4 ,! olde/ ,anglo-,saxon song kn[n1 :i* is call$ ,widsi or ! ,f> ,travel]1 has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,exet] ,book4 ,?is song 0 probably compos$ 9 ! old] ,angle-l& on ! cont95t & br\ght to ,engl& 9 ! memories ( ! s+]s4 ,! poem is an acc\nt ( ! w&]+s ( a gleeman ov] a great "p ( ,europe4 ,su* a song w mean little to u unless we c imag9atively repres5t ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 sung1 ! long hall ) its tables ( fea/+1 dr9k+ w>riors1 ! firelight ?r[+ weird %ad[s among ! smoky raft]s4 ,! imag9ation ( ! w>riors w\ld be r\s$ z simil> exp]i5ces ( _! own 7 sugge/$ by ^! l9es 9 ,widsi's song3-- ,ful (t ( am heape hwin5de fleag giell5de gar on grome eode4 ,full (t f t ho/ hiss+ flew ,! :i/l+ spe> on ! fi]ce folk4 ,! gleeman ends ?is song ) two ?\ghts *>act]i/ic ( ! poets ( ! ,saxon race4 ,he %[s 8 love fur noble de$s1 & he next ?9ks ( ! %ortness ( life1 z he s+s3-- ,9 mortal c\rt 8 de$s are n unsung1 ,su* z a noble man mill %[ to m51 ,till all do? flit away1 bo? life & light4 ,a great] scop1 look+ at life ?r\gh ,saxon eyes1 s+s3-- ,we are su* /uff ,z dreams are made on2 & our little life ,is r\nd$ ) a sleep4#f ,! scop 9 ! song call$ ,! ,w&]] 7,exet] ,book7 tells h[ fleet+ are ri*es1 fri5d1 k9sman1 maid51--all ! e>?-/ead1 & he also makes u ?9k ( ,%akespe>e's insub/antial pageant fad$ :i* leaves n a rack beh9d4 ,ano!r old song1 also f\nd 9 ! ,exet] ,book1 is ! ,seaf>]4 ,we mu/ imag9e ! scop recall+ vivid exp]i5ces to our e>ly ance/ors ) ?is song ( ! sea3-- ,hail flew 9 h>d %[]s4 ,& no?+ ,i he>d ,b ! wra? ( ! wat]s1 ,! icy-cold way ,at times ! swan's song2 ,9 ! scream ( ! gannet ,i s\ght = my joy1 ,9 ! moan ( ! sea :elp ,= laught] ( m51 ,9 ! song ( ! sea-mew ,= dr9k+ ( mead4#g ,to %[ t love ( ! sea yet rema9s "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,engli% poetry1 we may quote by way ( comp>ison a song sung m ?an a ?\s& ye>s lat]1 9 ,victoria's reign3-- ,! w9d is z iron t r+s1 ,! foam heads loos5 & flee2 ,x swells & welt]s & sw+s1 ,! pulse ( ! tide ( ! sea4 ,let ! w9d %ake our flag l a fea!r1 ,l ! plumes ( ! foam ( ! sea6 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! tee? ( ! h>d glad a wea!r1 ,9 ! bl[n wet face ( ! sea4#h ,kipl+ 9 ,a ,song ( ! ,engli% says ( ! sea3-- 444!re's nev] a wave ( all h] waves ,b m>ks our ,engli% dead4 ,ano!r song f ! ,exet] ,book is call$ ,! ,=tunes ( ,m54 ,x gives vivid pictures ( c]ta9 phases ( life among ! ,anglo-,saxons3-- ,"o %all %>p hung] slay2 ,"o %all ! /orms beat d[n2 ,"o be de/roy$ by d>ts1 ,"o die 9 w>4 ,orre %all live los+ ,! light ( 8 eyes1 ,feel bl9dly ) 8 f+]s2 ,& "o lame ( foot4 ,) s9ew-w\nd we>ily ,wa/e? away4 ,mus+ & m\rn+2 ,) dea? 9 8 m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o %all die by ! dagg]1 ,9 wra?1 dr5*$ ) ale1 ,wild ?r\gh ! w9e1 on ! mead b5* ,too swift ) 8 words ,too swift ) 8 words2 ,%all ! wret*$ "o lose4#i ,! songs t we h not$1 toge!r ) ,be[ulf1 ! greate/ ( !m all1 w give a fair idea ( scopic poetry4 ,,be[ulf ,! ,olde/ ,epic ( ! ,teutonic ,race4--,! greate/ monum5t ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry is call$ ,be[ulf1 f ! "n ( its h]o4 ,8 "* & exploits give unity & dignity to ! poem & raise x to ! rank ( an epic4 ,! subject matt] is p>tly hi/orical & p>tly my?ical4 ,! de$s & "* ( an actual h]o may h furni%$ ! fir/ sugge/ions = ! songs1 :i* 7 f9ally elaborat$ into ,be[ulf1 z we n[ h x4 ,! poem 0 probably a long "t 9 process ( evolution1 & _m diff]5t scops d\btless add$ new episodes to ! song1 alt]+ x by expansion & contraction "u ! inspiration ( diff]5t times & places4 ,f9ally1 x seems probable t "s "o ,engli% poet gave ! "w its pres5t =m1 mak+ x a m unifi$ :ole1 & incorporat+ 9 x ,*ri/ian op9ions4 ,we d n "k :5 ! fir/ scop sang ( ,be[ulf's exploits2 b he probably began be=e ! ance/ors ( ! ,engli% came to ,engl&4 ,we are unable to asc]ta9 h[ long ,be[ulf 0 9 process ( evolution2 b !re is int]nal evid5ce = ?9k+ t "p ( ! poem c\ld n h be5 compos$ be=e #ejj ,a4,d4 ,t5 ,br9k1 a great ,g]man au?ority1 ?9ks t ,be[ulf 0 giv5 its pres5t =m n f> f #gjj ,a4,d4 ,! unique manuscript 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is writt5 9 ! ,we/ ,saxon dialect ( ,alfr$ ! ,great's "t 7#hdi-ija74 ,! *>act]s1 sc5]y1 & action ( ,be[ulf belong to ! old] ,angle-l& on ! cont95t ( ,europe2 b ! poem is ess5tially ,engli%1 ev5 ?\gh ! *ief action is laid 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ,d5m>k & ! s\!rn "p ( ,sw$54 ,hro?g>'s hall1 ne> :i* ! h]o p]=m$ two ( 8 great exploits1 0 probably on ! isl& ( ,seel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,cotton ,,ms4 ,,( ,,be[ulf4 ,,translation ,lo6 we1 ( ! ,g>-,danes 9 di/ant days1 ,! folk-k+s' fame h f\nd4 ,h[ de$s ( d>+ ! ae!l+s did4 ,(t ,scyld-,scef+ f ho/s ( s*a!rs1 ,f _m m5 ! mead seats reft4 ,! /ud5t :o wi%es to ent] into ! _s ( ! poem w d well to famili>ize himself ) ! position ( ^! coa/s1 & ) a description ( _! natural features 9 w9t] z well z 9 summ]4 ,he9e says ( ! sea :i* ,be[ulf sail$3-- ,be=e me rolle? a wa/e ( wat] 444 & above me g roll+ ! /orm cl\ds1 ! =mless d>k gray daught]s ( air1 :i* f ! sea 9 cl\dy buckets scoop up ! wat]1 ev] we>i$ lift+ & lift+1 & !n p\r x aga9 9 ! sea1 a m\rnful1 we>isome bus9ess4 ,ov] ! sea1 flat on 8 face1 lies ! mon/r\s1 t]rible ,nor? ,w9d1 sigh+ & s9k+ 8 voice z 9 secret1 l an old grumbl]2 = once 9 good humor1 unto ! ocean he talks1 & he tells h] wond]ful /ories4 ,be[ulf's ,?ree ,great ,exploits4--,! h]o ( ! poem engag$ 9 ?ree great conte/s1 all ( :i* 7 prompt$ by unselfi%ness & by a desire to relieve human mis]y4 ,be[ulf _h mu* ( ! _s t animates ! social work] to-day4 ,if su* a h]o %\ld live 9 our "t1 he w\ld probably be di/+ui%$ fur social s]vice1 = fight+ ! =ces ( evil :i* cripple or de/roy s _m human be+s4 ,hro?g>1 ! k+ ( ! ,danes1 built a hall1 nam$ ,heorot1 :]e 8 foll[]s c\ld dr9k mead1 li/5 to ! scop1 enjoy ! music ( ! h>p1 & f9d solace 9 social int]c\rse dur+ ! dre>y w9t] ev5+s4 ,s liv'd on all happy ! ho/ ( ! k9sm5 ,9 game & 9 glee1 until "o night began1 ,a fi5d out ( hell-pit1 ! fram+ ( evil1 ,& ,gr5del =soo? ! grim gue/ 0 hight1 ,! mighty m>k-/rid] ! hold] ( moorl&1 ,! f5 & ! fa/ness4#aj ,?is mon/]1 ,gr5del1 came f ! moors & dev\r$ ?irty ( ! ?anes4 ,= twelve w9t]s he visit$ ,heorot & kill$ "s ( ! gue/s :5ev] he he>d ! s\nd ( fe/ivity 9 ! hall1 until at l5g? ! "y h]o ,be[ulf1 :o liv$ a day's sail f ,hro?g>1 det]m9$ to rescue ,heorot f ?is curse4 ,! y\? select$ f\rte5 w>riors & on a foamy-neck$ float]1 mo/ l to a bird1 he sail$ to ,hro?g>4 ,be[ulf /at$ 8 mission1 & he & 8 companions det]m9$ to rema9 9 ,heorot all night4 ,gr5del he>d !m & came4 444he quickly laid hold ( ,a soldi] asleep1 sudd5ly tore him1 ,bit 8 bone-prison1 ! blood drank 9 curr5ts1 ,swall[$ 9 m\?fuls4#aa ,b>e-h&$1 ,be[ulf grappl$ ) ! mon/]1 & !y wre/l$ up & d[n ! hall1 :i* 0 %ak5 to its f\ndations4 ,?is t]rible conte/ end$ :5 ,be[ulf tore away ! arm & %\ld] ( ,gr5del1 :o escap$ to ! m>%es to die4 ,9 honor ( ! victory1 ,hro?g> gave to ,be[ulf _m pres5ts & a banquet 9 ,heorot4 ,aft] ! fea/1 ! w>riors slept 9 ! hall1 b ,be[ulf w5t to ! palace4 ,he _h be5 gone b a %ort "t1 :5 9 ru%$ ,gr5del's "m1 to av5ge ! dea? ( h] son4 ,%e seiz$ a w>rior1 ! k+'s de>e/ fri5d1 & c>ri$ him away4 ,9 ! morn+1 ! k+ said to ,be[ulf3-- ,my tru/y fri5d ,a,eschere is dead444 ,! cruel hag has wreak$ on him h] v5geance4 ,! c\ntry folk said !re 7 two ( !m1 "o ! semblance ( a woman2 ! o!r ! spect] ( a man4 ,_! haunt is 9 ! remote l&1 9 ! crags ( ! wolf1 ! w9d-beat5 cliffs1 & untrodd5 bogs1 :]e ! dismal /ream plunges into ! dre> abyss ( an awful lake1 ov]hung ) a d>k & grizzly wood root$ d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 :]e a lurid flame plays nightly on ! surface ( ! flood--& !re lives n ! man :o kn[s its dep?6 ,s dreadful is ! place t ! hunt$ /ag1 h>d driv5 by ! h\nds1 w r die on ! bank ?an f9d a %elt] !re4 ,a place ( t]ror6 ,:5 ! w9d rises1 ! waves m+le hurly-burly ) ! cl\ds1 ! air is /ifl+ & rumbles ) ?und]4 ,to !e alone we look = relief4#ab ,be[ulf knew t a second & h>d] conte/ 0 at h&1 b )\t hesitation he foll[$ ! bloody trail ( ,gr5del's "m1 until x disappe>$ at ! edge ( a t]rible flood4 ,undaunt$ by ! dragons & s]p5ts t made _! home )9 ! dep?s1 he grasp$ a sword & plung$ b5ea? ! waves4 ,aft] s9k+ :at seem$ to him a day's space1 he saw ,gr5del's "m1 :o came =w>d to meet him4 ,%e dragg$ him into h] dwell+1 :]e !re 0 no wat]1 & ! fight began4 ,! issue 0 = a "t d\btful2 b at la/ ,be[ulf ran h] ?r\gh ) a gigantic sword1 & %e fell dead ^u ! floor ( h] dwell+4 ,a little di/ance away1 he saw ! dead body ( ,gr5del4 ,! h]o cut (f ! head ( ! mon/] & ha/5$ away to ,hro?g>'s c\rt4 ,aft] receiv+ mu* praise & _m pres5ts1 ,be[ulf & 8 w>riors sail$ to _! own l&1 :]e he rul$ z k+ = fifty ye>s4 ,he engag$ 9 8 ?ird & h>de/ conflict :5 he 0 old4 ,a fir$rake1 ang]$ at ! loss ( a "p ( a treasure1 :i* he _h = ?ree hundr$ ye>s be5 gu>d+ 9 a cav]n1 laid wa/e ! l& 9 ! h]o's k+dom4 ,al?\gh ,be[ulf knew t ?is dragon brea!d flames ( fire & t mortal man c\ld n long )/& su* weapons1 he s\ght ! cav]n :i* %elt]$ ! de/roy] & f\ght ! mo/ t]rible battle ( 8 life4 ,he kill$ ! dragon1 b receiv$ mortal hurt f ! envelop+ flames4 ,! old h]o _h f9ally fall52 b he _h ?r\gh life f\ght a good fight1 & he c\ld say z ! twilight pass$ into ! d>k3-- ,i h rul$ ! p fifty ye>s2 no folk-k+ 0 !re ( !m t dwelt ab\t me dur/ t\* me ) 8 sword or c[ me ?r\gh t]ror4 ,i bid$ at home ! h\rs ( de/9y1 gu>d$ well m9e own1 s\ght n feuds ) guile1 swore n _m an oa? unju/ly4#ac ,! poem closes ) ?is fitt+ epitaph = ! h]o3-- ,quo? !y t he 0 a _w-k+ =soo?1 ,! milde/ ( all m51 unto m5 k9de/1 ,to 8 folk ! mo/ g5tle/1 mo/ ye>n+ ( fame4#ad ,:]e9 ,be[ulf is ,typical ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,race4--,be[ulf is by f> ! mo/ important ,anglo-,saxon poem1 because x pres5ts 9 ! r\gh ! p]si/5t *>act]i/ics ( ! race4 ,?is epic %[s ! ideals ( our ance/ors1 :at !y held mo/ de>1 ! way !y liv$ & di$4 ,i4 ,we note ! love ( lib]ty & law1 ! read9ess to fight any dragon t ?reat5$ ^!4 ,! ,engli% ,magna ,*>ta & ,petition ( ,"r & ! ,am]ican ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce are an ext5sion ( ! application ( ! same pr9ciples embodi$ 9 ,be[ulf4 ,! old-"t _s ( w> /ill prevails 9 all bran*es ( ! race2 b ! conte/ is to-day direct$ aga9/ dragons ( a diff]5t type f ,gr5del1--aga9/ myriad =ms ( indu/rial & social inju/ice & aga9/ ^? =ces :i* h be5 secur+ special privileges = "s & d5y+ equal opportunity = all4 ,,ii4 ,be[ulf is a recognition 9 g5]al ( ! great moral =ces ( ! univ]se4 ,! poem upholds ! ideals ( p]sonal manl9ess1 brav]y1 loyalty1 devotion to duty4 ,! h]o has ! ev]-pres5t consci\sness t dea? is pref]able to di%onor4 ,he taught 8 ?ane to s+3-- ,f> bett] /a9less dea? ,?an life's di%onor$ brea?4 ,,iii4 ,9 ?is poem1 ! action outweighs ! words4 ,! keynote to ,be[ulf is de$s4 ,9 ,new ,engl&1 m ?an a ?\s& ye>s lat]1 ,?oreau wrote1 ,be n simply good2 be good = some?+4 ,9 read+ o!r lit]atures1 = in/ance ! ,celtic1 we (t5 f9d t ! words ov]balance ! action4 ,! ,celt tells u t :5 two bulls f\ght1 ! sky 0 d>k5$ by ! turf ?r[n up by _! feet & by ! foam f _! m\?s4 ,! prov9ce rang ) _! ro> & ! inhabitants hid 9 caves or climb$ ! hills4 ,aga91 m att5tion is paid to ! wor? ( ! subject matt] & to s9c]ity ( utt]ance ?an to m]e =m or poli%4 ,! lit]ature ( ?is race has usually be5 m di/+ui%$ = ! value ( ! ?\ght ?an = arti/ic pres5tation4 ,prejudice is felt to-day aga9/ matt] t relies ma9ly on art to secure effects4 ,,iv4 ,repression ( s5tim5t is a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ,be[ulf & x /ill rema9s a peculi>ity ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race4 ,"s p say va/ly m ?an !y feel4 ,?is race has be5 incl9$ to feel m ?an x expresses4 ,:5 x 0 transplant$ to ,new ,engl&1 ! same *>act]i/ic 0 prom95t1 ! same app>5t contradiction betwe5 s5tim5t & /]n1 unrel5t+ devotion to duty4 ,9 ,sn[ ,b\nd1 ! ,new ,engl& poet1 ,:itti]1 pa9ts ?is portrait ( a ,new ,engl& maid51 /ill ,anglo-,saxon to ! core3-- ,a full1 ri* nature1 free to tru/1 ,tru?ful & almo/ /]nly j1 ,impulsive1 e>ne/1 prompt to act1 ,& make h] g5]\s ?\ght a fact1 ,keep+ ) _m a light disguise ,! secret ( self-sacrifice4 ,no matt] :at />s n[ %9e ov] !m1 ! desc5dants ( ! ,engli% are /ill tru?ful & /]nly j2 !y /ill dislike to give full expression to _! feel+s2 !y /ill endeavor to translate ?\ghts into de$s1 & 9 ?is _w :]e all ne$ s mu* help1 !y take self-sacrifice z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! _s ( ,be[ulf1 s(t5$ & consecrat$ by religion1 /ill p]si/s 9 ,anglo-,saxon ?\ght & action4 ,,! ,,ca$monian ,,cycle ,ca$mon4--,9 #eig ,/4 ,augu/9e began to tea* ! ,*ri/ian religion to ! ,anglo-,saxons4 ,! results ( ?is tea*+ 7 %[n 9 ! subsequ5t lit]ature4 ,9 :at is kn[n z ,ca$mon's ,p>aphrase1 ! next great ,anglo-,saxon epic1 !re is no decrease 9 ! w>like _s4 ,in/ead ( ,gr5del1 we h ,satan z ! ar*-enemy aga9/ :om ! battle rages4 ,ca$mon1 :o di$ 9 #fhj1 0 until middle life a layman atta*$ to ! mona/]y at ,:itby1 on ! nor!a/ coa/ ( ,york%ire4 ,s9ce ! ,p>aphrase has be5 attribut$ to ,ca$mon on ! au?ority ( ! ,saxon hi/orian ,b$e1 born 9 #fgc1 we %all quote ,b$e himself on ! subject1 f 8 fam\s ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory3-- ,ca$mon1 hav+ liv$ 9 a secul> habit until he 0 well advanc$ 9 ye>s1 _h nev] le>n$ any?+ ( v]sify+2 = :i* reason1 be+ sometimes at ent]ta9m5ts1 :]e x 0 agre$ = ! sake ( mir? t all pres5t %\ld s+ 9 _! turns1 :5 he saw ! in/rum5t come t[>d him1 he rose f table & return$ home4 ,hav+ done s at a c]ta9 "t1 & gone out ( ! h\se :]e ! ent]ta9m5t 01 to ! /able1 :]e he _h to take c>e ( ! horses t night1 he !re compos$ himself to re/ at ! prop] "t2 a p]son appe>$ to him 9 8 sleep1 &1 salut+ him by 8 "n1 said1 ',ca$mon1 s+ "s song to me4' ,he answ]$1 ',i _c s+2 = t 0 ! reason :y ,i left ! ent]ta9m5t & retir$ to ?is place1 because ,i c\ld n s+4' ,! o!r :o talk$ to him repli$1 ',h[ev]1 y %all s+4' ',:at %all ,i s+8' rejo9$ he4 ',s+ ! beg9n+ ( creat$ be+s1' said ! o!r4 ,h]eupon he pres5tly began to s+ v]ses to ! praise ( ,god4 ,ca$mon rememb]$ ! poetry t he _h compos$ 9 8 dreams1 & repeat$ x 9 ! morn+ to ! inmates ( ! mona/]y4 ,!y conclud$ t ! gift ( song 0 div9ely giv5 & invit$ him to ent] ! mona/]y & devote 8 "t to poetry4 ,( ,ca$mon's "w ,b$e says3-- ,he sang ! creation ( ! _w1 ! orig9 ( man1 & all ! hi/ory ( ,g5esis3 & made _m v]ses on ! dep>ture ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel out ( ,egypt1 & _! ent]+ into ! l& ( promise1 ) _m o!r hi/ories f ,holy ,writ2 ! inc>nation1 passion1 resurrection ( our ,"l1 & 8 asc5sion into heav52 ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ! prea*+ ( ! ,apo/les2 also ! t]ror ( future judgm5t1 ! horror ( ! pa9s ( hell1 & ! delights ( heav54 ,! ,au?or%ip & ,subject ,matt] ( ! ,ca$monian ,cycle4--,! fir/ edition ( ! ,p>aphrase 0 publi%$ 9 #afee by ,junius1 an acqua9tance ( ,milton4 ,junius attribut$ ! entire ,p>aphrase to ,ca$mon1 on ! au?ority ( ! above quotations f ,b$e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,junian ,,manuscript ,,( ,,ca$mon4 ,,translation ,= u x is mickle "r t we %\ld praise ) words1 love ) our he>ts1 ! ,"l ( ! heav5s1 ! glori\s ,k+ ( ! p4 ,he is ! mighty p[]1 ! *ief ( all exalt$ creatures1 ,"l ,almighty4 ,! ,p>aphrase is really compos$ ( ?ree sep>ate poems3 ! ,g5esis1 ! ,exodus1 & ! ,daniel2 & ^! are probably ! works ( diff]5t writ]s4 ,critics are n agre$ :e!r any ( ^! poems 9 _! pres5t =m c be ascrib$ to ,ca$mon4 ,! ,g5esis %[s int]nal evid5ce ( hav+ be5 compos$ by sev]al diff]5t writ]s1 b "s p>ts ( ?is poem may be ,ca$mon's own "w4 ,! ,g5esis1 l ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 has = its subject matt] ! fall ( man & its consequ5ces4 ,! ,exodus1 ! "w ( an unkn[n writ]1 is a poem ( mu* orig9ality1 on ! escape ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ,egypt1 _! passage ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! de/ruction ( ,ph>aoh's ho/4 ,! ,daniel1 an un9t]e/+ poem ( #gfe l9es1 p>aphrases portions ( ! book ( ,daniel relat+ to ,nebu*adnezz>'s dreams1 ! fi]y furnace1 & ,bel%azz>'s fea/4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,poetry4--,no matt] :o wrote ! ,p>aphrase1 we h ! poetry1 a fact :i* critics too (t5 ov]look4 ,?\gh ! n>rative sometimes closely foll[s ! ,biblical acc\nt 9 ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 & ,daniel1 !re are frequ5t unfett]$ outbur/s ( ! imag9ation4 ,! ,exodus r+s ) ! w>like notes ( ! victori\s ,teutonic race4 ,! ,g5esis possesses special int]e/ = ! /ud5t1 s9ce _m ( its /rong passages %[ a m>k$ lik5ess to c]ta9 p>ts ( ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,z "s critics h conclud$ t ,milton mu/ h be5 famili> ) ! ,ca$monian ,g5esis1 x w be in/ructive to note ! p>allelism betwe5 ! two poems4 ,ca$mon's hell is )\t light & full ( flame4 ,milton's flames emit no light2 !y only make d>kness visible4 ,! foll[+ l9es are f ! ,g5esis3-- ,! ,"l made angui% a rew>d1 a home ,9 bani%m5t1 hell groans1 h>d pa91 & bade ,t torture h\se abide ! joyless fall4 ,:5 ) et]nal night & sulphur pa9s1 ,fullness ( fire1 dread cold1 reek & r$ flames1 ,he knew x fill$4#ae ,) ?is description we may comp>e ^! l9es f ,milton3-- ,a dungeon horrible1 on all sides r\nd4 ,z "o great furnace flam$2 yet f ^? flames ,no light2 b r d>kness visible4 444a fi]y deluge1 f$ ,) ev] burn+ sulphur unconsum$4#af ,9 ,ca$mon ! false ,ar*angel & 8 b& lay prone 9 liquid fire1 sc>ce visible amid ! cl\ds ( roll+ smoke4 ,9 ,milton1 ,satan is %[n ly+ prone on ! flood1 /ruggl+ to escape f (f ! toss+ ( ^! fi]y waves1 to a pla9 void ( light1 except :at comes f ! glimm]+ ( ^! livid flames4 ,! old] poet s+s ) =ceful simplicity3-- ,!n comes1 at dawn1 ! ea/ w9d1 ke5 ) fro/4 ,milton writes3-- 444! p>*+ air ,burns frore1 & cold p]=ms ! effect ( fire4#ag ,:5 ,satan rises on 8 w+s to cross ! flam+ vault1 ! ,g5esis gives 9 "o l9e an idea t ,milton exp&s into two & a half3-- ,swang aet fyr on twa feondes craefte4 ,/ruck ! fire asund] ) fi5di% craft4 444on ea* h& ! flames1 ,driv5 backw>d1 slope _! po9t+ spires1 &1 roll$ ,9 bill[s1 leave i' ?' mid/ a horrid vale4#ah ,x is n c]ta9 t ,milton ev] knew ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,ca$monian ,g5esis2 = he 0 bl9d ?ree ye>s be=e x 0 publi%$4 ,b :e!r he knew ( x or n1 x is a /rik+ fact t ! temp] ( ! ,teutonic m9d dur+ a ?\s& ye>s %\ld h *ang$ s little t[>d ! *oice & treatm5t ( ! subject ( an epic1 & t ! fir/ great poem kn[n to h be5 writt5 on ,engli% soil %\ld 9 s _m po9ts h anticipat$ ! greate/ epic ( ! ,engli% race4 ,,! ,,cynewulf ,,cycle ,cynewulf is ! only great ,anglo-,saxon poet :o affix$ 8 "n to c]ta9 poems & ?us settl$ ! "q ( _! au?or%ip4 ,we "k no?+ ( 8 life except :at we inf] f 8 poetry4 ,he 0 probably born ne> ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury1 & x is n unlikely t he pass$ "p ( 8 y\? z a ?ane ( "s noble4 ,he became a man ( wide le>n+1 well skill$ 9 wordcraft & 9 ! ,*ri/ian traditions ( ! "t4 ,su* le>n+ c\ld !n h>dly h be5 acquir$ outside ( "s mona/]y :i!r he may h retir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,musicians4 ,illum9at$ ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 v>iety1 inv5tiv5ess1 & lyrical qualities1 8 poetry %[s an advance ov] ! ,ca$monian cycle4 ,he has a poet's love = ! beauty ( ! sun & ! moon 7he(on-condelle71 = ! dew & ! ra91 = ! /rife ( ! waves 7holm-roece71 = ! /e$s ( ! sea 7sund-h5ge/as71 & = ! all-gre5 7eal-grene7 e>?4 ,= ,cynewulf1 says a critic1 'e>?'s cramm$ ) heav5 & e common bu% afire ) ,god4' ,cynewulf has ins]t$ 8 "n 9 runic *>act]s 9 f\r poems3 ,*ri/1 ,el5e1 ,juliana1 a /ory ( a ,*ri/ian m>tyr1 & ! lea/ important1 ,! ,fates ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! ,*ri/1 a poem on ! ,savior's ,nativity1 ,asc5sion1 & ,judgm5t ( ! _w at ! la/ day1 sometimes sugge/s ,dante's ,inf]no or ,p>adiso1 & ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,we see !-- ,flame t welt]s up & ( worms ! fi]ce aspect1 ,) ! bitt]-bit+ jaws--s*ool ( burn+ creatures4#ai ,cynewulf closes ! ,*ri/ ) almo/ z beautiful a conception ( ,p>adise z ,dante's or ,milton's1--a conception t c\ld nev] h occurr$ to a poet ( ! w>like ,saxon race be=e ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity3-- 444,hung] is n !re nor ?ir/1 ,sleep nor heavy sickness1 nor ! scor*+ ( ! ,sun2 ,nei!r cold nor c>e4#bj ,el5e is a dramatic poem1 nam$ f its h]o9e1 ,hel5a1 ! "m ( ! ,roman emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,a vision ( ! cross be>+ ! inscription1 ,) ?is %alt ?\ conqu]1 appe>$ to ,con/ant9e be=e a victori\s battle & caus$ him to s5d 8 "m to ! ,holy ,l& to discov] ! true cross4 ,! /ory ( h] successful voyage is giv5 9 ! poem ,el5e4 ,! miracul\s p[] ( ! true cross among c\nt]feits is %[n 9 a way t sugge/s k9%ip ) ! f\rte5? c5tury miracle plays4 ,a dead man is br\ght 9 contact ) ! fir/ & ! second cross1 b ! wat*]s see no div9e manife/ation until he t\*es ! ?ird cross1 :5 he is re/or$ to life4 ,el5e & ! ,dream ( ! ,road1 also probably writt5 by ,cynewulf1 are an ,anglo-,saxon apo!osis ( ! cross4 ,"s ( ?is ,cynewulfian poetry is inscrib$ on ! fam\s ,ru?well cross 9 ,dumfries%ire4 ,&reas & ,pho5ix4--,cynewulf is probably ! au?or ( ,&reas1 an unsign$ poem ( special excell5ce & dramatic p[]4 ,! poem1 a romance ( ! sea1 describes ,/4 ,&rew's voyage to ,m]m$onia to deliv] ,/4 ,mat!w f ! savages4 ,! ,savior 9 disguise is ! ,pilot4 ,! dialogue betwe5 him & ,/4 ,&rew is specially f9e4 ,! sa9t has all ! admiration ( a ,vik+ = 8 unkn[n ,pilot1 :o /&s at ! helm 9 a gale & manages ! vessel z he w\ld a ?\ght4 ,al?\gh ! poet tells ( a voyage 9 ea/]n seas1 he is describ+ ! ,g]man ocean3-- ,!n 0 sorely tr\bl$1 ,sorely wr\ght ! :ale-m]e4 ,wall[$ !re ! ,horn-fi%1 ,glode ! great deep ?r\gh2 & ! gray-back$ gull ,slaught]-gre$y :eel$4 ,d>k ! /orm-sun grew1 ,wax$ ! w9ds up1 gr9d$ waves2 ,/irr$ ! surges1 groan$ ! cordage1 ,wet ) break+ sea4#ba ,cynewulf is also ! probable au?or ( ! ,pho5ix1 :i* is 9 "p an adaptation ( an old ,lat9 poem4 ,! ,pho5ix is ! only ,saxon poem t gives u ! ri* sc5]y ( ! ,s\?1 9 place ( ! /]n nor!rn l&scape4 ,he ?us describes ! l& :]e ?is fabul\s bird dwells3-- ,calm & fair ?is glori\s field1 fla%es !re ! sunny grove2 ,happy is ! holt ( trees1 nev] )]s fruitage !re4 ,bright are !re ! blossoms444 ,9 t home ! hat+ foe h\ses n at all1 99 99 99 99 99 ,nei!r sleep nor sadness1 nor ! sick man's we>y b$1 ,nor ! w9t]-:irl+ sn[444 444b ! liquid /reamlets1 ,wond]fully beautiful1 f _! wells upspr++1 ,s(tly lap ! l& ) _! lovely floods4#bb ,,g5]al ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,poetry ,m>tial ,_s4--,! love ( w> is v m>k$ 9 ,anglo-,saxon poetry4 ,?is *>act]i/ic might h be5 expect$ 9 ! songs ( a race t _h )/ood ! well-nigh all-conqu]+ arm ( ! va/ ,roman ,empire4 ,our /udy ( ,be[ulf has already %[n ! int5sity ( ! m>tial _s 9 hea!n times4 ,^! l9es f ! ,fight at ,f9nsburg1 dat+ f ab\t ! same "t z ,be[ulf1 h only ! fla% ( ! sword to light5 _! gloom4 ,!y introduce ! rav51 = :om ! ,saxon felt x 8 duty to provide food on ! battlefield3-- 444hraef5 w&rode swe>t & sealo-brun2 swurd-leoma /od swylce eal ,f9ns-buruh fyr5u wa]e4 444! rav5 w&]$ ,sw>t & sall[-br[n2 ! sword-fla% /ood ,z if all ,f9nsburg 7 afire4 ,! love ( w> is almo/ z m>k$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian poetry4 ,!re are vivid pictures ( battle aga9/ ! hea!n & ! enemies ( ,god1 z %[n by ! foll[+ selection f "o ( ! poems ( ! ,ca$monian cycle3-- ,helmet$ m5 w5t f ! holy burgh1 ,at ! fir/ r$d5+ ( dawn1 to fight3 ,l\d /orm$ ! d9 ( %ields4 ,= t rejoic$ ! lank wolf 9 ! wood1 ,& ! black rav51 slaught]-gre$y bird4#bc ,judi?1 a fragm5t ( a religi\s poem1 is aflame ) ! _s ( w>4 ,"o ( its l9es tells h[ a bird ( prey-- ,sang ) its horny beak ! song ( w>4 ,?is v l9e aptly *>act]izes "o ( ! emphatic qualities ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry4 ,! poems (t5 describe battle z if x 7 an enjoyable game4 ,!y m5tion ! ,play ( ! spe> & speak ( putt+ to sleep ) ! sword1 z if ! d9 ( w> 7 9 _! e>s a slumb] melody4 ,"o ( ! late/ ( ,anglo-,saxon poems1 ,! ,battle ( ,brunanburh1 #icg1 is a fam\s example ( w> poetry4 ,we quote a few l9es f ,t5nyson's excell5t translation3-- ,grimly ) swords t 7 %>p f ! gr9d/one1 ,fi]cely we hack'd at ! fly]s be=e u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,five "y k+s put asleep by ! sword-/roke ,sev5 /rong e>ls ( ! army ( ,anlaf ,fell on ! w>-field1 numb]less numb]s4 ,love ( ! ,sea4--,! ,anglo-,saxon fondness = ! sea has be5 not$1 toge!r ) ! fact t ?is *>act]i/ic has be5 transmitt$ to ! m rec5t ,engli% poetry4 ,our =efa!rs rank among ! be/ seam5 t ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,_h !y n lov$ to d>e an unkn[n sea1 ,engli% lit]ature might n h exi/$1 & ! sun might nev] h ris5 on any ,engli% flag4 ,! scop s+s ?us ( ,be[ulf's adv5ture on ! ,nor? ,sea3-- ,swoln 7 ! surges1 ( /orms 'twas ! colde/1 ,d>k grew ! night1 & nor!rn ! w9d1 ,rattl+ & ro>+1 r\gh 7 ! bill[s4#bd ,9 ! ,seaf>]1 ! scop also s+s3-- ,my m9d n[ is set1 ,my he>t's ?\ght1 on wide wat]s1 ,! home ( ! :ale2 ,x w&]s away ,beyond limits ( l&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& /irs ! m9d's long+ ,to travel ! way t is trackless4#be ,9 ! ,&reas1 ! poet speaks ( ! %ip 9 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ,saxon similes3-- ,foam+ ,ocean beats our /e$3 full ( spe$ ?is boat is2 ,f>es along foam-?roat$1 flie? on ! wave1 ,like/ to a bird4#bf ,"s ( ! mo/ /rik+ ,saxon epi!ts are appli$ to ! sea4 ,we may in/ance su* a comp\nd z ar-ge-bl& 7ar1 o>2 bl5dan1 to bl5d71 :i* conveys ! idea ( ! companion%ip ( ! o> ) ! sea4 ,f ?is comp\nd1 mod]n poets h borr[$ _! o>-di/urbd sea1 o>d sea1 o>-bl5d+ sea1 & o>-w$d$ sea4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon poets call ! sun ris+ or sett+ 9 ! sea ! m]e-c&el4 ,9 ,be[ulf1 m]e-/raeta1 sea-/reets1 are spok5 ( z if !y 7 ! easily trav]s$ av5ues ( a t[n4 ,figures ( ,rhetoric4--,a special *>act]i/ic ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry is ! r>ity ( similes4 ,9 ,hom] !y are frequ5t1 b ,anglo-,saxon v]se is too abrupt & rapid 9 ! succession ( images to employ ! exp&$ simile4 ,! long poem ( ,be[ulf conta9s only five similes1 & ^! are ( ! %ort] k9d4 ,two ( !m1 ! comp>ison ( ! light 9 ,gr5del's dwell+ to ! beams ( ! sun1 & ( a vessel to a fly+ bird1 h be5 giv5 9 ! orig9al ,anglo-,saxon on pages #af1 #ag4 ,o!r similes comp>e ! light f ,gr5del's eyes to a flame1 & ! nails on 8 f+]s to /eel3 :ile ! mo/ complete simile says t ! sword1 :5 ba!d 9 ! mon/]'s poison\s blood1 melt$ l ice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is poetry uses _m direct & =cible metaphors1 su* z wave-ropes = ice1 ! :ale-road or swan-road = ! sea1 ! foamy-neck$ float] = a %ip1 ! w>-add] = an arr[1 ! bone-h\se = ! body4 ,! sword is said to s+ a w> song1 ! sla9 to be put to sleep ) ! sword1 ! sun to be a c&le1 ! flood to boil4 ,w> is appropriately call$ ! sword-game4 ,p>allelisms4--,! repetition ( ! same ideas 9 slightly diff]+ =m1 kn[n z p>allelism1 is frequ5t4 ,! au?or1 wi%+ to make c]ta9 ideas emphatic1 repeat$ !m ) v>y+ phraseology4 ,z ! fir/ sight ( l& is important to ! sailor1 ! poet us$ f\r diff]5t t]ms = ! %ore t met ,be[ulf's eyes on 8 voyage to ,hro?g>3 l&1 brimclifu1 beorgas1 sa5aessas 7l&1 sea-cliffs1 m\nta9s1 promontories74 ,?is passage f ! ,pho5ix %[s h[ repetition emphasizes ! abs5ce ( disagreeable ?+s3-- 444!re may nei!r sn[ nor ra91 ,nor ! furi\s air ( fro/1 nor ! fl>e ( fire1 ,nor ! headlong squall ( hail1 nor ! ho> fro/'s fall1 ,nor ! burn+ ( ! sun1 nor ! bitt] cold1 ,nor ! wea!r ov]-w>m1 nor ! w9t] %[]1 ,d _! wrong to any wight4#bg ,! g5]al abs5ce ( cold is "h made emphatic by m5tion+ special cold ?+s3 sn[1 fro/1 hail1 ho> fro/1 bitt] cold1 w9t] %[]4 ,! abs5ce ( heat is emphasiz$ 9 ! same way4 ,saxon contra/$ ) ,celtic ,imag]y4--,a critic rightly says3 ,! gay wit ( ! ,celt w\ld p\r into ! song ( a few m9utes m phrases ( ornam5t ?an are to be f\nd 9 ! :ole poem ( ,be[ulf4 ,9 ?ree l9es ( an old ,celtic dea? song1 we f9d ?ree similes3-- ,black z ! rav5 0 8 br[2 ,%>p z a razor 0 8 spe>2 ,:ite z lime 0 8 sk94 ,we look 9 ,anglo-,saxon poetry 9 va9 = a t\* l ?is3-- ,sweetly a bird sang on a pe> tree above ! head ( ,gw5n be=e !y cov]$ him ) a turf4#bh ,celtic lit]ature %[s m exagg]ation1 m love ( color1 & a deep] appreciation ( nature 9 h] g5tl] aspects4 ,! ,celt c\ld write3-- ,m yell[ 0 h] head ?an ! fl[] ( ! broom1 & h] sk9 0 :it] ?an ! foam ( ! wave1 & fair] 7 h] h&s & f+]s ?an ! blossoms ( ! wood anemone amid/ ! spray ( ! mead[ f\nta94#bi ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 romantic ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table are ,celtic h]oes4 ,possibly ! ,celtic /ra9 p]si/+ 9 _m ( ! ,scot* p inspires l9es l ^! 9 m mod]n times3-- ,! corn-craik 0 *irm+ ,8 sad e]ie cry #cj ,& ! wee />s 7 dream+ ,_! pa? ?r\gh ! sky4 ,9 ord] to produce a poet able to write bo? ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream & ,hamlet1 ! ,celtic imag9ation mu/ bl5d ) ! ,anglo-,saxon s]i\sness4 ,z we %all see1 ?is 0 accompli%$ by ! ,norman conque/4 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,prose ,:5 & :]e writt54--,we h se5 t poetry normally prec$es prose4 ,! pr9cipal "p ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry _h be5 produc$ be=e mu* prose 0 writt54 ,! mo/ productive poetic p]iod 0 betwe5 #fej & #hbe4 ,ne> ! close ( ! eigh? c5tury1 ! ,danes began _! plund]+ exp$itions into ,engl&4 ,by #hjj !y _h de/roy$ ! great nor!rn mona/]ies1 l ! "o at ,:itby1 :]e ,ca$mon is said to h compos$ ! fir/ religi\s song4 ,z ! home ( poetry 0 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 ^! ,dani% inroads almo/ completely sil5c$ ! s+]s4 ,:at prose !re 0 9 ! nor? 0 pr9cipally 9 ,lat94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,saxon prose 0 produc$ *iefly 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,! mo/ glori\s p]iod ( ,anglo-,saxon prose 0 dur+ ,alfr$'s reign1 #hga-ija4 ,b$e4--,?is fam\s monk 7#fgc-gce7 0 probably ! greate/ tea*] & ! be/ kn[n man ( lett]s & s*ol> 9 all contempor>y ,europe4 ,he is said to h translat$ ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john into ,saxon1 b ! translation is lo/4 ,he wrote 9 ,lat9 on a va/ range ( subjects1 f ! ,scriptures to natural sci5ce1 & f gramm> to hi/ory4 ,he has giv5 a li/ ( ?irty-sev5 works ( :i* he is ! au?or4 ,8 mo/ important "w is ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p1 :i* is really a hi/ory ( ,engl& f ,julius ,caes>'s invasion to #gca4 ,! quotation f ,b$e's "w relative to ,ca$mon %[s t ,b$e c\ld relate ?+s simply & well4 ,he pass$ almo/ all 8 useful life at ! mona/]y ( ,j>r[ on ! ,tyne4 ,alfr$ 7#hdi-ija74--,! de$s & ?\ghts ( ,alfr$1 k+ ( ! ,we/ ,saxons f #hga until 8 dea? 9 #ija1 rema9 a /rong moral influ5ce an ! _w1 al?\gh he di$ m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,po/]ity rightly gave him ! surname ( ! ,great1 z he is "o ( ! comp>atively few great m5 ( all "t4 ,e4,a4 ,freeman1 ! not$ hi/orian ( ! e>ly ,engli% p]iod1 says ( him3-- ,no man record$ 9 hi/ory seems ev] to h unit$ s _m great & good qualities444 ,a great "p ( 8 reign 0 tak5 up ) w>f>e ) an enemy ! ,danes :o ?reat5$ ! national be+2 yet he f\nd means p]sonally to d m = ! g5]al enlight5m5t ( 8 p ?an any o!r k+ 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,aft] a ,dani% lead] _h outrage\sly brok5 8 oa?s to ,alfr$1 ! ,dane's two boys & _! "m fell into ,alfr$'s h&s1 & he return$ !m unh>m$4 ,let u love ! man1 he wrote1 b hate 8 s9s4 ,8 revision ( ! legal code1 kn[n z ,alfr$'s ,laws1 %[s high moral aim4 ,he does n =get ! slave1 :o 0 to be fre$ aft] six ye>s ( s]vice4 ,8 adm9i/ration ( ! law endeavor$ to secure ! same ju/ice = ! poor z = ! ri*4 ,alfr$'s example has caus$ _m to /op mak+ excuses = n do+ m = _! k9d4 ,if any "o ev] _h an adequate excuse = n und]tak+ m "w ?an 8 position absolutely dem&$1 t man 0 ,alfr$2 yet 8 ill heal? & ! w>s ) ! ,danes did n keep him f try+ to educate 8 p or f e>n+ ! title1 fa!r ( ,engli% prose4 ,freeman ev5 says t ,engl& owes to ,alfr$'s prose writ+ & to ! enc\ragem5t t he gave to o!r writ]s ! possession ( a ri*] e>ly lit]ature ?an any o!r p ( we/]n ,europe & ! ma9t5ance ( ! habit ( writ+ aft] ! ,norman conque/1 :5 ,engli% 0 no long] us$ 9 c\rtly circles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,alfr$',s ,,laws4 ,illum9at$ ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum4 ,al?\gh mo/ ( 8 works are translations f ! ,lat91 yet he has left ! /amp ( 8 orig9ality & /]l+ s5se ^u !m all4 ,f9d+ t 8 p ne$$ textbooks 9 ! native tongue1 he /udi$ ,lat9 s t he might consult all accessible au?orities & translate ! mo/ helpful works1 mak+ alt]ations & additions to suit 8 plan4 ,= example1 he f\nd a ,lat9 "w on hi/ory & geography by ,orosius1 a ,spani% ,*ri/ian ( ! fif? c5tury2 b z ?is book conta9$ mu* mat]ial t 0 unsuit$ to ,alfr$'s purposes1 he omitt$ "s p>ts1 *ang$ o!rs1 &1 aft] int]view+ travel]s f ! f> ,nor?1 add$ mu* orig9al matt]4 ,^! additions1 :i* ev5 n[ are n un9t]e/+ read+1 are ! be/ mat]ial 9 ! book4 ,?is "w is kn[n z ,alfr$'s ,orosius4 ,alfr$ also translat$ ,pope ,gregory's ,pa/oral ,rule 9 ord] to %[ ! cl]gy h[ to tea* & c>e = _! flocks4 ,alfr$'s own words at ! beg9n+ ( ! volume %[ h[ great 0 ! ne$ = ! "w4 ,speak+ ( ! cl]gy1 he says3-- ,!re 7 v few on ?is side ,humb] :o w\ld "k h[ to r5d] _! s]vices 9 ,engli%1 or s mu* z translate an epi/le out ( ,lat9 into ,engli%2 & ,i we5 t n _m w\ld be on ! o!r side ,humb]4 ,s few ( !m 7 !re1 t ,i _c ?9k ( s mu* z a s+le "o1 s\? ( ,?ames1 :5 ,i took to ! realm4#ca ,alfr$ produc$ a "w on moral philosophy1 by alt]+ & am5d+ ! ,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae ( ,boe?ius1 a noble ,roman :o 0 brutally ?r[n into prison & execut$ ab\t #ebe ,a4,d4 ,9 simplicity & moral p[]1 "s ( ,alfr$'s orig9al matt] 9 ?is volume 0 n surpass$ by any ,engli% writ] = sev]al hundr$ ye>s4 ,we frequ5tly f9d su* ?\ghts z1 ,if x be n 9 a man's p[] to d good1 let him h ! good int5t4 ,true high bir? is ( ! m9d1 n ( ! fle%4 ,8 ,pray] 9 ! same "w makes u feel t he c\ld see ! div9e t\* 9 human nature3-- ,no enmity ha/ ,?\ t[>ds any?+444 ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 br+e/ toge!r heav5ly s\ls & e>?ly bodies1 & m+le/ !m 9 ?is _w4 ,z !y came hi!r f ,!e1 ev5 s !y also seek to g h5ce to ,!e4 ,a,elfric1 #iee8-ajbe8--,! mo/ fam\s !ologian :o foll[$ ,alfr$'s example 9 writ+ native ,engli% prose1 & :o took ,alfr$ = 8 model1 0 a prie/ nam$ ,a,elfric4 ,8 *ief works are 8 ,homilies1 a s]ies ( s]mons1 & ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,al?\gh mu* ( 8 writ+ is a compilation or a translation f ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 x is (t5 rem>kably vigor\s 9 expression & /imulat+ to ! read]4 ,we f9d su* ?\ghts z3-- ,god ha? wr\ght _m miracles1 & ,he p]=ms !m e day1 b ^! miracles h become mu* less important 9 ! sight ( m5 because !y are v common444 ,spiritual miracles are great] ?an ! physical ones4 ,to mod]n read]s ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ,aelfric's writ+s is 8 ,colloquium1 design$ to tea* ,lat9 9 ! mona/]y at ,w9*e/]4 ,! pupils 7 requir$ to le>n ! ,lat9 translation ( 8 dialogues 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon v]nacul>4 ,"s ( ^! dialogues are today valuable illu/rations ( ! social & indu/rial life ( ! "t4 ,! foll[+ is "p ( ! conv]sation betwe5 ! ,tea*] & ! ,pl[man3-- ,tea*]4 ,:at h y to say1 pl[man8 ,h[ d y c>ry on y\r "w8 ,pl[man4 ,o ma/]1 ,i "w v h>d2 ,i g out at dawn1 drive ! ox5 to ! field1 & yoke !m to ! pl[4 ,!re is no /orm s sev]e t ,i d>e to hide at home1 = fe> ( my "l1 b :5 ! ox5 are yok$1 & ! %>e & c\lt] h be5 fa/5$ to ! pl[1 ,i mu/ pl[ a :ole acre or m e day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,tea*]4 ,oh6 oh6 ! labor mu/ be great6 ,pl[man4 ,x is inde$ great drudg]y1 because ,i am n free4#cb ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle4--,?is is ! fir/ hi/ory ( any bran* ( ! ,teutonic p 9 _! own tongue4 ,! ,*ronicle has come d[n to u 9 sev]al diff]5t texts1 accord+ z x 0 compil$ or copi$ at diff]5t mona/]ies4 ,! ,*ronicle 0 probably begun 9 ,alfr$'s reign4 ,! entries relat+ to e>li] ev5ts 7 copi$ f ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory & f o!r ,lat9 au?orities4 ,! ,*ronicle conta9s *iefly ^? ev5ts :i* ea* ye> impress$ ! cl]ical compil]s z ! mo/ important 9 ! hi/ory ( ! nation4 ,?is "w is a f\nta9head to :i* writ]s ( ! hi/ory ( ^? times mu/ turn4 ,a few extracts 7translat$7 w %[ its "*3-- ,a4,d4 #ddi4 ,?is ye> 444 ,h5gi/ & ,horsa1 invit$ by ,vortig]n1 ,k+ ( ,britons1 l&$ 9 ,brita91 on ! %ore :i* is call$ ,wappidsfleet2 at fir/ 9 aid ( ! ,britons1 b aft]w>ds !y f\ght aga9/ !m4 #hjf4 ,?is ye> ! moon 0 eclips$ on ! ,kal5ds ( ,septemb]2 & ,e>dulf1 ,k+ ( ! ,nor?umbrians4 0 driv5 f 8 k+dom2 & ,eanb]t1 ,bi%op ( ,hexham1 di$4 ,sometimes ! n>rative is extremely vivid4 ,^? :o "k ! difficulty ( describ+ any?+ impressively 9 a few words w realize ! excell5ce ( ?is portraiture ( ,william ! ,conqu]or3-- #ajhg4 ,if any w\ld "k :at mann] ( man ,k+ ,william 01 ! glory t he obta9$1 & ( h[ _m l&s he 0 "l2 !n w we describe him z we h kn[n him444 ,he 0 mild to ^? good m5 :o lov$ ,god1 b sev]e beyond measure to ^? )/ood 8 w444 ,s also 0 he a v /]n & a wra?ful man1 s t none dur/ d any?+ aga9/ 8 w1 & he kept 9 prison ^? e>ls :o act$ aga9/ 8 pleasure4 ,he remov$ bi%ops f _! sees1 & abbots f _! (fices1 & he imprison$ ?anes1 & at l5g? he sp>$ n 8 own bro!r4 ,odo444 ,among/ o!r ?+s1 ! good ord] t ,william e/abli%$ is n to be =gott52 x 0 su* t any man1 :o 0 himself aught1 might travel ov] ! k+dom ) a bosom-full ( gold1 unmole/$2 & no man dur/ kill ano!r444 ,he made l>ge =e/s = ! de]1 & enact$ laws !re)1 s t :oev] kill$ a h>t or a h9d %\ld be bl9d$ 444 & he lov$ ! tall /ags z if he 7 _! fa!r4 ,,summ>y ,! ,anglo-,saxons1 a bran* ( ! ,teutonic race1 made p]man5t settlem5ts 9 ,engl& ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,l mod]n ,g]man1 _! language is highly inflect$4 ,! mo/ fl\ri%+ p]iod ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry 0 betwe5 #fej & #hbe ,a4,d4 ,x 0 produc$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 :i* 0 ov]run by ! ,danes ab\t #hjj4 ,^! m>aud]s de/roy$ _m ( ! mona/]ies & sil5c$ ! voices ( ! s+]s4 ,! prose 0 writt5 *iefly 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& aft] ! greate/ poetic ma/]pieces _h be5 produc$4 ,! ,norman ,conque/ ( ,engl&1 beg9n+ 9 #ajff1 br\ght ! p]iod to a close4 ,among ! poems ( ?is age1 we may emphasize3 7#a7 ! %ort] scopic pieces1 ( :i* ! ,f> ,travel]1 ,! ,w&]]1 ,! ,seaf>]1 ,! ,=tunes ( ,m51 & ,! ,battle ( ,brunanburh are important examples2 7#b7 ,be[ulf1 ! greate/ ,anglo-,saxon epic poem1 :i* describes ! de$s ( an unselfi% h]o1 %[s h[ ! ance/ors ( ! ,engli% liv$ & di$1 & reveals ! elem5tal ideals ( ! race2 7#c7 ! ,ca$monian ,cycle ( scriptural p>aphrases1 "s ( :i* h ,miltonic qualities2 & 7#d7 ! ,cynewulf ,cycle1 :i* has ! mo/ v>iety & lyrical excell5ce4 ,bo? ( ^! ,cycles %[ h[ ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity affect$ poetry4 ,! subject matt] ( ! poetry is pr9cipally w>1 ! sea1 & religion4 ,! m>tial _s & love ( ! sea are typical ( ! nation t has rais$ h] flag 9 e clime4 ,! *ief qualities ( ! poetry are e>ne/ness1 somb]ness1 & /r5g?1 r ?an delicacy ( t\*1 exub]ance ( imag9ation1 or arti/ic adornm5t4 ,! gold5 p]iod ( prose co9cides 9 l>ge measure ) ,alfr$'s reign1 #hga-ija1 & he is ! greate/ prose writ]4 ,8 translations ( ,lat9 works to s]ve z textbooks = 8 p conta9 excell5t additions by him4 ,a,elfric1 a t5? c5tury prose writ]1 has left a collection ( s]mons1 call$ ,homilies1 & an int]e/+ ,colloquium1 :i* ?r[s /rong lights on ! social life ( ! "t4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle is an important record ( contemporane\s ev5ts = ! hi/orian4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,9 connection ) ! progress ( lit]ature1 /ud5ts %\ld obta9 = !mselves a g5]al idea ( contempor>y hi/orical ev5ts f any ( ! foll[+ nam$ works3-- ,g>d9]'s ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,gre5's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,walk]'s ,ess5tials 9 ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,*5ey's ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,l+>d's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,traill's ,social ,engl&1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,ramsay's ,! ,f\ndations ( ,engl&4 ,,lit]>y ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,brooke's ,hi/ory ( ,e>ly ,engli% ,lit]ature to ! ,accession ( ,k+ ,alfr$4 ,morley's ,engli% ,writ]s1 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,e>le's ,anglo-,saxon ,lit]ature4 ,t5 ,br9k's ,e>ly ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,exet] ,book1 edit$ & translat$1 by ,gollancz 7,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society74 ,gurte5's ,! ,epic ( ! ,fall ( ,man3 ,a ,comp>ative ,/udy ( ,ca$mon1 ,dante1 & ,milton4 ,cook's ,! ,*ri/ ( ,cynewulf4 7,! ,introduction ( #ig pages gives a valuable acc\nt ( ! life & writ+s ( ,cynewulf47 ,k5n$y's ,translation ( ! ,poems ( ,cynewulf4 ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,engl& & ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle1 ,i vol41 translat$ by ,giles 9 ,bohn's ,antiqu>ian ,libr>y4 ,snell's ,! ,age ( ,alfr$4 ,pauli's ,life ( ,alfr$ 7,bohn's ,antiqu>ian ,libr>y74 ,gem's ,an ,anglo-,saxon ,abbot3 ,a,elfric ( ,eyn%am4 ,mab9ogion 7a collection ( ,wel% fairy tales & romances1 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y71 translat$ by ,lady ,*>lotte ,gue/4 ,pancoa/ & ,spae?'s ,e>ly ,engli% ,poems 7abbreviat$ ref]5ce7 7,p ,s474 ,cook & ,t9k]'s ,select ,translations f ,old ,engli% ,poetry 7,c4 ,t474 ,cook ,t9k]'s ,select ,translations f ,old ,engli% ,prose 7,c4 ,t4 ,prose74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,! /ud5t :o is n famili> ) ! orig9al ,anglo-,saxon %\ld read ! translations specifi$ bel[3-- ,scopic ,poetry4#cc--,widsi or ! ,f> ,travel]1 translat$ 9 ,morley's ,engli% ,writ]s1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #a-aa1 or 9 ,c4 ,t41#cd #c-h4 ,! ,w&]]1 translat$ 9 ,p4 ,s41 #fe-fh2 ,c4 ,t41 #ej-ee2 ,brooke1 #cfd-cfg4 ,! ,seaf>]1 translat$ 9 ,p4 ,s41 #fh-gj2 ,c4 ,t41 #dd-di2 ,morley1 ,,ii41 #ba-bf2 ,brooke1 #cfb1 #cfc4 ,! ,=tunes ( ,m51 trans4 9 ,p4 ,s41 #gi-ha2 ,morley1 ,,ii41 #cb-cg4 ,battle ( ,brunanburh1 ,t5nyson's translation4 ,:at 7 ! *ief subjects ( ! songs ( ! scop8 ,h[ d !y reveal ! life ( ! "t8 ,is !re any common quality runn+ ?r\gh !m8 ,:at qualities ( ?is v]se appe> 9 mod]n poetry8 ,be[ulf4--,?is important poem %\ld be read entire 9 "o ( ! foll[+ translations3 ,*ild's ,be[ulf 7,riv]side ,lit]ature ,s]ies72 ,e>le's ,! ,de$s ( ,be[ulf1 ,done into ,mod]n ,prose 7,cl>5don ,press72 ,gumm]e's ,! ,olde/ ,engli% ,epic2 ,morris & ,wyatt's ,! ,tale ( ,be[ulf2 ,hall's ,be[ulf1 ,translat$ into ,mod]n ,metres2 ,lumsd5's ,be[ulf1 an ,old ,engli% ,poem1 ,translat$ into ,mod]n ,rhymes 7! mo/ readable poetic translation74 ,translations ( _m ( ! be/ p>ts ( ,be[ulf may be f\nd 9 ,p4 ,s4 #e-bi2 ,c4 ,t41 #i-bd2 ,morley1 ,i4 #bgh-caj2 ,brooke #bf-gc4 ,:]e did ! exploits celebrat$ 9 ! poem take place8 ,:]e 0 ,heorot8 ,:at 0 ! probably "t ( ! completion ( ,be[ulf8 ,describe ! h]o's ?ree exploits4 ,:at analogy is !re betwe5 ! conflict ( natural =ces 9 ! ,norsel& & ,be[ulf's fight ) ,gr5del8 ,:at diff]5t attitude t[>d nature is manife/ 9 mod]n poetry8 ,:at is ! moral lesson ( ! poem8 ,%[ t its *ief *>act]i/ics are typical ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race4 ,ca$monian ,cycle4--,"s ( ! /ronge/ passages may be f\nd 9 ,p4 ,s41 #cj-de2 ,c4 ,t41 #ajd-abj2 ,morley1 ,,ii4 #ha-aja2 ,brooke1 #bij-cdj4 ,read at ! same "t f ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i41 l9es #dd-gd1 #afi-ahd1 #bdh-bfc1 & passim4 ,:at evid5ce d we f9d 9 ?is cycle ( ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,:o takes ! place ( ,gr5del8 ,:at acc\nt ( ,ca$mon does ,b$e give8 ,:at is ! subject matt] ( ?is cycle8 ,cynewulf ,cycle4--,! ,poems ( ,cynewulf1 translat$ by ,c4,w4 ,k5n$y4 ,translations ( p>ts ( ?is cycle may be f\nd 9 ,:itman's ,! ,*ri/ ( ,cynewulf1 & ,! ,exet] ,book1 translat$ by ,gollancz4 ,good selections are translat$ 9 ,p4 ,s41 #df-ee2 ,c4 ,t41 #gi-ajc2 & #acb-adb3 ,morley1 ,,ii41 #bjf-bda2 ,brooke1 #cga-ddc4 ,= selections f ! ,pho5ix1 see ,p ,s1 #ed-fe2 ,c4 ,t41 #adc-afc4 ,:at new qualities does ?is cycle %[8 ,:at is ! subject matt] ( its mo/ important poems8 ,:at is especially noticeable ab\t ! ,&reas & ! ,pho5ix8 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,v]se4--,:at is its usual =m8 ,:at mo/ /rik+ passages 7a7 9 ,be[ulf2 7b7 else:]e1 %[ ! ,saxon love ( w> & ( ! sea8 ,in/ance "s similes & make a li/ ( vivid metaphors4 ,:at are ! mo/ /rik+ p>allelisms f\nd 9 y\r read+s8 ,:at conspicu\s diff]5ces are !re betwe5 ,saxon & ,celtic imag]y8 7,see ,morley1 l1 #afe-bci1 or ,gue/'s ,mab9ogion74 ,:at excell5cies & defects seem to y mo/ pron\nc$ 9 ,anglo-,saxon v]se8 ,prose--,! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle & ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory are bo? translat$ 9 "o volume ( ,bohn's ,antiqu>ian ,libr>y4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ,b$e = ! /ud5t ( lit]ature is ! *apt] relat+ to ,ca$mon 7,*ap4 ,,xxiv41 pp4 #bag-bbj74 ,9 ! ,*ronicle1 read ! entries = ! ye>s #hga1 #hgh1 #hig1 #ige1 #ajhg1 & #aacg4 ,alfr$'s ,orosius is translat$ into mod]n ,engli% 9 ! volume ( ,bohn's ,antiqu>ian ,libr>y entitl$1 ,alfr$ ! ,great1 8 ,life & ,anglo-,saxon ,works1 by ,pauli4 ,s$gefield's translation ( ! ,consolations ( ,boe?ius di/+ui%es ! orig9al matt] by ,alfr$ f ! translation4 ,selections f ,alfr$'s works are giv5 9 ,c4 ,t47,prose71 #he-adf1 & 9 ,e>le's ,anglo-,saxon ,lit]ature1 #ahf-bjf4 ,= selections f ,a,elfric1 see ,c4 ,t4 7,prose71 #adi-aib4 ,read especially ! ,colloquies1 #agg-ahf4 ,:at 0 ,b$e's pr9cipal "w8 ,:y has ,alfr$ be5 call$ ! fa!r ( ,engli% prose8 ,:at 7 8 ideals8 ,m5tion 8 *ief works & _! object4 ,:at is ! "* ( ,a,elfric's "w8 ,:y are mod]n read]s int]e/$ 9 8 ,colloquium8 ,:y is ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle important8 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,i3 ,footnote #a3 ,= special ref]5ces to au?ors1 movem5ts & ! hi/ory ( ! p]iod1 see ! li/s "u ! head+1 ,sugge/ions = ,fur!r ,/udy1 at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,footnote #b3 ,s*ool libr>ies %\ld own books m>k$ 994 ,footnote #c3 ,! abbreviation 9 p>5!ses aft] titles w be us$ 9 ! ,sugge/$ ,read+s 9 place ( ! full title4 ,footnote #d3 ,t5nyson's ,9 ,memoriam4 ,footnote #e3 ,flor5ce ,e>ls ,coates's ,dream ! ,great ,dream4 ,footnote #f3 ,%akespe>e's ,! ,tempe/1 ,act ,,iv41 ,sc5e #a4 ,footnote #g3 ,morley's translation1 ,engli% ,writ]s1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #ba4 ,footnote #h3 ,sw9burne's ,a ,song 9 ,"t ( ,ord]4 ,footnote #i3 ,morley's ,engli% ,writ]s1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #cc1 #cd4 ,footnote #aj3 ,be[ulf1 translat$ by ,william ,morris & ,a4,j4 ,wyatt4 ,footnote #aa3 ,translat$ by ,j4,l4 ,hall4 ,footnote #ab3 ,e>le's ,translation4 ,footnote #ac3 ,translat$ by ,*ilds4 ,footnote #ad3 ,translat$ by ,morris & ,wyatt4 ,footnote #ae3 ,morley's translation4 ,footnote #af3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i41 l9es #fa-fi4 ,footnote #ag3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,,ii41 #eid4 ,footnote #ah3 ,ibid41 ,i41 #bbb-bbd4 ,footnotes #ai-bb3 ,brooke's translation4 ,footnote #bc3 ,morley's translation4 ,footnote #bd3 ,brooke's translation4 ,footnote #be3 ,morley's translation4 ,footnotes #bf-bg3 ,brooke's translation4 ,footnote #bh3 ,llyw>*'s ,lam5t = 8 ,son ,gw5n4 ,footnote #bi3 ,gue/'s ,mab9ogion4 ,footnote #cj3 ,william ,mo!rwell's ,we>ie's ,well4 ,footnote #ca3 ,e>le's translation4 ,footnote #cb3 ,cook & ,t9k]'s ,select ,translations f ,old ,engli% ,prose4 ,footnote #cc3 ,9 8 ,education ( ! ,c5tral ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 ,*aps4 ,,vii4-,x41 ! au?or has endeavor$ to give "s special directions = secur+ def9ite ideas 9 ! /udy ( poetry4 ,footnote #cd3 ,= full titles1 see page #ej4 ,,*apt] ,,ii3 ,,f ,,! ,,norman ,,conque/1 #ajff1 ,,to ,,*auc]',s ,,dea?1 #adjj ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,h>old ,,at ,,ha/+s4 ,f ! ,bayeaux tape/ry4 ,! ,norman ,conque/4--,! ov]?r[ ( ! ,saxon rule 9 ,engl& by ,william ! ,conqu]or 9 #ajff 0 an ev5t ( va/ importance to ,engli% lit]ature4 ,! ,normans 7,norsem5 or ,nor?m571 z !y 7 call$1 a t]m :i* %[s _! nor!rn extraction1 7 orig9ally ( ! same blood z ! ,engli% race4 ,!y settl$ 9 ,france 9 ! n9? c5tury1 m>ri$ ,fr5* wives1 & adopt$ ! ,fr5* language4 ,9 #ajff _! lead]1 ,duke ,william1 & 8 army cross$ ! ,engli% ,*annel & won ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 9 :i* ,h>old1 ! la/ ,anglo-,saxon k+1 0 kill$4 ,william ?us became k+ ( ,engl&4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,normans4--,! int]mixture ( ,teutonic & ,fr5* blood _h giv5 to ! ,normans ! be/ qualities ( bo? races4 ,! ,norman 0 nimble-witt$1 highly imag9ative1 & full ( nor!rn en]gy4 ,! ,saxon possess$ dogg$ p]sev]ance1 good common s5se1 if he _h long en\gh to ?9k1 & b little imag9ation4 ,"s "o has well said t ! union ( ,norman ) ,saxon 0 l jo9+ ! swift _s ( ! eagle to ! /rong body ( ! ox1 or1 aga91 t ! ,saxon furni%$ ! d\gh1 & ! ,norman ! yea/4 ,_h x n be5 = ! bl5d+ ( ^! necess>y qualities 9 "o race1 ,engli% lit]ature c\ld n h become ! fir/ 9 ! _w4 ,we see ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? ! ,teuton & ! ,norman 9 ,%akespe>e's greate/ plays4 ,a pure ,saxon c\ld n h turn$ f ,hamlet's soliloquy to write3-- ,:]e ! bee sucks1 !re suck ,i4#a ,progress ( ! ,nation1 #ajff-adjj4--,! ,normans 7 specially successful 9 giv+ a /rong c5tral gov]nm5t to ,engl&4 ,! feudal sy/em1 t cu/om ( p>cel+ out l& 9 return = s]vice1 0 s ext5d$ by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 t f k+ ?r\gh noble to s]f !re 0 n a break 9 ! int]dep5d5ce ( "o human be+ on ano!r4 ,at fir/ ! ,normans 7 ! rul+ classes & !y look$ d[n on ! ,saxons2 b int]m>riage & community ( int]e/s unit$ bo? races into "o /rong nation be=e ! close ( ! p]iod4 ,!re 0 great improvem5t 9 me?ods ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice4 ,accus$ p]sons no long] _h to submit to ! ordeal ( ! r$-hot iron or to trial by combat1 rely+ on heav5 to decide _! innoc5ce4 ,ecclesia/ical c\rts lo/ _! jurisdiction ov] civil cases4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 7#aaed-aahi71 great gr&son ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 judges w5t on circuits1 & ! g]m ( ! jury sy/em 0 develop$4 ,p>liam5t grew m influ5tial1 & ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury saw x organiz$ into two bodies1--! ,lords & ! ,commons4 ,?ree k+s :o gov]n$ tyrannically or unwisely 7 curb$ or depos$4 ,k+ ,john 7#aaii-abaf7 0 compell$ to sign ! ,magna ,*>ta1 :i* r$uc$ to writ+ c]ta9 f\ndation rights ( 8 subjects4 ,edw>d ,,ii4 7#acjg-acbg7 & ,ri*>d ,,ii4 7#acgg-acii7 7 bo? depos$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,"o ( ! reasons assign$ f> ! deposition ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 0 8 claim t he alone c\ld *ange & frame ! laws ( ! k+dom4 ,! ideals ( *ivalry & ! ,crusades left _! impress on ! age4 ,"o ,engli% ,mon>*1 ,ri*>d ! ,lion-,he>t$ 7#aahi-aaii7 0 ! popul> h]o ( ! ,?ird ,crusade4 ,9 ,ivanhoe & ,! ,talisman ,sir ,walt] ,scott pres5ts vivid pictures ( knights & crusad]s4 ,we may =m "s idea ( ! religi\s _s ( ! ,middle ,ages f ! ,go?ic ca!drals1 :i* _h ! same relative position 9 ! _w's ar*itecture z ,%akespe>e's "w does 9 lit]ature4 ,travel]s (t5 decl>e t !re is to-day no?+ 9 ,engl& bett] wor? see+ ?an ^! ca!drals1 :i* 7 erect$ 9 ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 & f\rte5? c5turies4#b ,! religi\s1 social1 & intellectual life ( ! "t 0 pr(\ndly affect$ by ! com+ ( ! fri>s 7#abbj71 :o includ$ ! e>ne/ foll[]s ( ,/4 ,francis 7#aahb-abbf71 t ,good ,sam>itan ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! great philosoph] & sci5ti/1 ,rog] ,bacon 7#abad-abid71 :o 0 c5turies 9 advance ( 8 "t1 0 a ,franciscan fri>4 ,he /udi$ at ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 :i* _h 9 8 "t become "o ( ! great in/itutions ( ,europe4 ,! *ur* fo/]$ s*ools & le>n+1 :ile ! b>ons 7 fight+4 ,al?\gh ,william ,langl&1 a f\rte5?-c5tury cl]ic1 po9t$ out ! abuses :i* _h crept into ! *ur*1 he gave ?is te/imony 9 its favor3-- ,= if heav5 be on ?is e>? or any ease = ! s\l1 x is 9 cloi/] or s*ool4 ,= 9 cloi/] no man come? to *ide or fight1 & 9 s*ool !re is l[l9ess & love & lik+ to le>n4 ,! rise ( ! common p 0 sl[4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod ! till]s ( ! soil 7 legally s]fs1 =bidd5 to *ange _! location4 ,! ,black ,dea? 7#acdi7 & ! ,peasants' ,revolt 7#acha71 al?\gh seem+ly b>r5 ( results1 help$ !m 9 _! /ruggle t[>d emancipation4 ,"s b\ght _! fre$om ) "p ( _! wages4 ,o!rs escap$ to ! t[ns :]e new comm]cial activities ne$$ m labor4 ,f9ally1 ! common toil] acquir$ m comm&+ influ5ce by ov]?r[+ ev5 ! ,fr5* knights ) 8 long b[4 ,?is p]iod laid ! f\ndation = ! almo/ complete disappe>ance ( s]fdom 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,france wait$ = ! t]rible ,revolution ( #aghi to free h] s]fs4 ,engl& anticipat$ o!r great mod]n nations 9 produc+ a lit]ature ( univ]sal appeal because h] common p began to ?r[ (f _! %ackles e>li]4 ,?is p]iod op5s ) a victori\s ,fr5* army 9 ,engl&1 foll[$ by ! rule ( ! conqu]ors1 :o made ,fr5* ! language ( high life4 ,x closes ) ! asc5dancy ( ,engli% gov]nm5t & spee* at home & ) ! mid-f\rte5? c5tury victories ( ,engli% armies on ,fr5* soil1 result+ 9 ! rapture ( ,calais1 :i* rema9$ = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s 9 ! possession ( ,engl&4 ,at ! close ( ?is p]iod we f9d ,wycliffe1 ! morn+ /> ( ! ,re=mation1 & ,*auc]1 ! fir/ great s+] ( ! weld$ ,anglo-,norman race4 ,8 wide int]e/ 9 human be+s & 8 k ( ! new ,italian lit]ature prefigure ! com+ to ,engl& ( ! ,revival ( ,le>n+ 9 ! next age4 ,x w n[ be necess>y to /udy ! *anges 9 ! language1 :i* 7 s pron\nc$ betwe5 #ajff & ,*auc]'s dea?4 ,,! ,,em]g5ce ,,( ,,mod]n ,,engli% ,?ree ,languages us$ 9 ,engl&--,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,norman ,conque/1 ?ree languages 7 widely us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,normans introduc$ ,fr5*1 :i* 0 ! language ( ! c\rt & ! ari/ocracy4 ,william ! ,conqu]or br\ght ov] _m ,norman prie/s1 :o us$ ,lat9 almo/ exclusively 9 _! s]vice4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is book ,lat9 is g5]ally und]e/imat$ by ^? :o d n appreciate ! p[] ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,domesday survey %[s t 9 #ajhe ! *ur* & h] dep5d5ts held m ?an "o ?ird ( "s c\nties4 ,9 addition to ! ,lat9 & ! ,fr5* 7:i* 0 itself pr9cipally ( ,lat9 orig971 !re 01 ?irdly1 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 to :i* ! middle & ! l[] classes ( ! ,engli% /ubbornly adh]$4 ,! ,loss ( ,inflections4--,anglo-,saxon 0 a language ) *ang+ end+s1 l mod]n ,g]man4 ,if a ,saxon wi%$ to say1 good gifts1 he _h to h ! prop] case end+s = bo? ! adjective & ! n\n1 & 8 expression 0 gode giefa4 ,= ! good gifts1 he said a godan giefa1 inflect+ ! & at ! same "t *ang+ ! case end+ ( good4 ,! ,norman ,conque/ help$ to lop (f ^! end+s1 :i* ,g]man has nev] entirely lo/4 ,we1 h[ev]1 no long] decl9e articles or ord9>y adjectives4 ,in/ead ( hav+ our att5tion tak5 up ) ?9k+ ( ! prop] end+s1 we are left free to att5d to ! ?\ght r ?an to ! vehicle ( its expression4 ,al?\gh our pron\ns are /ill decl9$1 ! sole inflection ( our n\ns1 ) ! exception ( a few l ox1 ox51 or m\se1 mice1 is ! addition ( 's1 s1 or es = ! possessive & ! plural4 ,mod]n ,g]man1 on ! o!r h&1 /ill reta9s ^! tr\blesome case end+s4 ,h[ did ,engli% h ! good =tune to lose !m8 ,:5ev] two peoples1 speak+ diff]5t languages1 are closely associat$1 !re is a t5d5cy to drop ! t]m9ations & to use ! /em ^w 9 all grammatical relations4 ,if an ,engli%-speak+ p]son1 :o kn[s only a little ,g]man1 travels 9 ,g]many1 he f9ds t he c make himself und]/ood by us+ only "o =m ( ! n\n or adjective4 ,if he calls = two l>ge glasses ( hot milk1 employ+ ! incorrect expression1 zwei gross ,glass heiss ,mil*1 he w probably get ! milk z quickly z if he _h said correctly1 zwei grosse ,gls] heisse ,mil*4 ,neglect ( ! prop] case end+s may provoke a smile1 b ! t\ri/ pref]s t to />vation4 ,%\ld ! ,g]mans & ! ,engli% happ5 to be ?r[n toge!r 9 ne>ly equal numb]s on an isl&1 ! ,g]mans w\ld beg9 to drop ! inflections t ! ,engli% c\ld n und]/&1 & ! ,g]man language w\ld und]go a *ange4 ,if !re 7 no books or newspap]s to circulate a fix$ =m ( spee*1 ! alt]ation 9 ! spok5 tongue w\ld be comp>atively rapid4 ,su* dropp+ ( t]m9ations is precisely :at did happ5 be=e ! ,norman ,conque/ 9 ^? p>ts ( ,engl& mo/ ov]run by ! ,danes4 ,!re1 ! adjectives lo/ _! t]m9ations to indicate g5d] & case1 & ! article ! ceas$ to be decl9$4 ,ev5 if ! ,normans _h n come to ,engl&1 ! dropp+ ( ! inflections w\ld n h ceas$4 ,_m au?orities ?9k t ! grammatical /ructure ( ,engli% w\ld1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( t ev5t1 h evolv$ into some?+ l its pres5t =m4 ,( c\rse ! ,norman ,conque/ ha/5$ _m grammatical *anges t w\ld ultimately h result$ f inh]5t causes1 b x did n ex]cise z great an influ5ce z 0 =m]ly ascrib$ to x4 ,philologi/s f9d x impossible to assign ! exact am\nt ( *ange due to ! ,conque/ & to o!r causes4 ,let u next notice "s *anges o!r ?an ! loss ( inflections4 ,*ange 9 ,g5d]4--,be=e any "o c\ld speak ,anglo-,saxon correctly1 he _h fir/ to le>n ! fanciful g5d]s t 7 atta*$ to n\ns3 tr\s]s 0 fem99e2 *ildhood1 mascul9e2 *ild1 neut]4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,engli% gradually lo/ ^! fanciful g5d]s :i* ! ,g]man /ill reta9s4 ,a critic ?us illu/rates ! use ( g5d]s 9 t language3 ,a ,g]man g5tleman writes a mascul9e lett] ( fem99e love to a neut] "y lady ) a fem99e p5 & fem99e ink on mascul9e %eets ( neut] pap]1 & incloses x 9 a mascul9e envelope ) a fem99e address to 8 d>l+1 ?\gh neut]1 ,gret*54 ,he has a mascul9e head1 a fem99e h&1 & a neut] he>t4 ,prefixes1 ,suffixes1 & ,self-expla9+ ,comp\nds4--,! ,engli% tongue lo/ mu* ( its p[] ( us+ prefixes4 ,a prefix jo9$ to a well-kn[n ^w *anges its mean+ & r5d]s ! co9+ ( a new t]m unnecess>y4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons1 by ! use ( prefixes1 =m$ t5 comp\nds f _! v]b flowan1 to fl[4 ,( ^!1 only "o survives 9 our ov]fl[4 ,f sittan1 to sit1 ?irte5 comp\nds 7 ?us =m$1 b e "o has p]i%$4 ,a l>g] p]c5tage ( suffixes 0 reta9$1 & we /ill h _m words l :olesome-ness1 *ild-hood1 s+-er4 ,! p[] ( =m+ self-expla9+ comp\nds 0 l>gely lo/4 ,! ,saxon comp\nd$ ! words = tree1 & work]1 & said tre[-wyrhta1 tree-wright1 b we n[ make use ( ! s+le ^w c>p5t]4 ,we h replac$ ! ,saxon boc-craeft1 book-art1 by lit]ature2 aef5-glom1 ev5+-gloom1 by twilight2 m]e-sw91 sea-sw9e1 by porpoise2 eag-wraec1 eye-rack1 by pa9 9 ! eye2 leornung-cild1 le>n+-*ild1 by pupil4 ,! title ( an old "w1 ,ay5-bite ( ,9-wit1 ,aga9-bite ( ,9-wit1 0 translat$ into ,remorse ( ,consci5ce4 ,grund-weall & ^w-hora 7 displac$ by f\ndation & vocabul>y4 ,! ,g]man language /ill reta9s ?is p[] & calls a glove a h&-%oe1 a ?imble a f+]-hat1 & rolls up su* clumsy comp\nd expressions z ,unabhngigkeits-erklrung4 ,we might lam5t ?is loss m if we did n rememb] t ,%akespe>e f\nd our language ample = 8 ne$s1 & t a consid]able numb] ( ! old comp\nds /ill survive1 z home-/ead1 man-hood1 9-sight1 break-fa/1 h\se-hold1 horse-back1 %ip-man1 sea-%ore1 h&-"w1 & day-light4 ,introduction ( ,new ,words & ,loss ( ,old ,ones4--,s9ce ! ,normans 7 = "s "t ! gov]n+ race1 :ile _m ( ! ,saxons occupi$ comp>atively m5ial positions1 num]\s ,fr5* words indicative ( rank1 p[]1 sci5ce1 luxury1 & fa%ion 7 introduc$4 ,_m titles 7 d]iv$ f a ,fr5* s\rce4 ,engli% ?us obta9$ words l sov]eign1 royalty1 duke1 m>quis1 mayor1 & cl]k4 ,_m t]ms ( gov]nm5t are f ! ,fr5*2 = in/ance1 p>liam5t1 pe]s1 commons4 ,! language ( law ab\nds 9 ,fr5* t]ms1 l damage1 trespass1 circuit1 judge1 jury1 v]dict1 s5t5ce1 c\nsel1 prison]4 ,_m words us$ 9 w>1 ar*itecture1 & m$ic9e also h a ,fr5* orig94 ,examples are =t1 ar*1 mason1 surg]y4 ,9 fact1 we f9d words f ! ,fr5* 9 almo/ e field4 ,uncle & c\s91 rabbit & falcon1 trot & /able1 money & soldi]1 reason & virtue1 ,bible & prea*1 are in/ances 9 po9t4 ,fr5* words (t5 displac$ ,saxon ones4 ,?us1 ! ,saxon ,hael5d1 ! ,heal]1 gave way to ! ,fr5* ,savior1 wanhope & won/ead 7 displac$ by despair & resid5ce4 ,sometimes ! ,saxon /ubbornly kept its place beside ! ,fr5* t]m4 ,! ,engli% language is ?us especially ri* 9 synonyms1 or r 9 slightly diff]5tiat$ =ms ( expression capable ( d5ot+ ! exact %ade ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,! foll[+ words are in/ances3-- ,,saxon ,,fr5* body corpse folk p sw9e pork calf veal wor? value gre5 v]dant food n\ri%m5t wrangle cont5d fa!rly pat]nal workman labor] ,engli% 0 enri*$ n only by ^? expressions1 ga9$ f ! daily spee* ( ! ,normans1 b also by words t 7 add$ f lit]>y ,lat94 ,?us1 we h ! ,saxon ask1 ! ,norman-,fr5* inquire & "q1 & ! ,lat9 int]rogate4 ,bold1 impud5t1 audaci\s2 bright1 *e]ful1 animat$2 e>n+s1 wages1 remun]ation1 %ort1 brief1 concise1 are o!r examples ( words1 l>gely synonym\s1 f ! ,saxon1 ! ,norman-,fr5*1 & ! ,lat91 respectively4 ,^! facts expla9 :y mod]n ,engli% has su* a weal? ( expression1 al?\gh probably m ?an "o half ( ! ,anglo-,saxon vocabul>y has be5 lo/4 ,! ,sup]iority ( ! ,composite ,tongue4--,:ile we insi/ on ! tru? t ,anglo-,saxon ga9$ mu* ( its wond]ful directness & p[] f /&+ 9 close relations to e>ne/ life1 x is necess>y to rememb] t _m words ( ,fr5* orig9 did1 by an appr5tice%ip at ! fireside1 9 ! field1 ! work%op1 & ! laboratory1 equally fit !mselves = tak+ _! place 9 ! language4 ,su* words f ,fr5*-,lat9 roots z fai?1 pray1 ve91 bea/1 poor1 nurse1 fl[]1 ta/e1 /ate1 & fool rema9 9 our vocabul>y because !y 7 us$ 9 ev]yday life4 ,pure ,anglo-,saxon 0 a =cible language1 b x lack$ ! weal? ( expression & ! flexibility necess>y to respond to ! mo/ delicate t\*es ( ! ma/]-musicians :o 7 to come4 ,:5 ,%akespe>e has ,le> say ( ,cordelia3-- ,h] voice 0 ev] s(t1 ,g5tle1 & l[2 an excell5t ?+ 9 woman1 we f9d t t5 ( ! ?irte5 words are ,saxon1 b ! o!r ?ree ( ,romance 7,fr5*7 orig9 are z necess>y z is a small am\nt ( t9 add$ to copp] to make bronze4 ,two ( ^! ?ree words express v>y+ %ades ( quality4 ,l\nsbury well says3 ,!re result1 inde$1 f ! union ( ! =eign & native elem5ts1 a weal? ( phraseology & a _m-sid$ness 9 ,engli%1 :i* give x 9 ^! respects a sup]iority ov] any o!r mod]n cultivat$ tongue4 ,g]man is /rictly a pure ,teutonic spee*1 b no native speak] ( x claims = x any sup]iority ov] ! ,engli% z an in/rum5t ( expression1 :ile _m are will+ to conc$e its inf]iority4 ,! ,*anges ,sl[ly ,accompli%$4--,= ov] a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,conque/1 b few ,fr5* words f\nd _! way into curr5t ,engli% use4 ,?is is %[n by ! fact t ! ,brut1 a poem ( #cb1bej l9es1 translat$ f a ,fr5* orig9al into ,engli% ab\t #abje1 has n m ?an a hundr$ words ( ,norman-,fr5* orig94 ,at fir/ ! ,normans despis$ ! tongue ( ! conqu]$ ,saxons1 b1 z "t progress$1 ! two races int]m>ri$1 & ! *ildr5 c\ld h>dly escape le>n+ "s ,saxon words f _! mo!rs or nurses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m well-to-d ,saxons1 l p>5ts 9 lat] times1 probably _h _! *ildr5 taught ,fr5* because x 0 consid]$ ari/ocratic4 ,until #abjd a k ( ,fr5* 0 an absolute necessity to ! nobles1 z !y frequ5tly w5t back & =? betwe5 _! e/ates 9 ,norm&y & 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #abjd ,k+ ,john lo/ ,norm&y1 & 9 ! next reign bo? ,engli% & ,fr5* k+s decre$ t no subject ( ! "o %\ld hold l& 9 ! t]ritory ( ! o!r4 ,?is n>r[+ ( ! att5tion ( ,engli% subjects d[n to ,engl& 0 a f\ndation /one 9 build+ up ! supremacy ( ! ,engli% tongue4 ,9 #acch began ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> betwe5 ,france & ,engl&4 ,9 ,edw>d ! ,?ird's reign 7#acbg-acgg71 x 0 demon/rat$ t "o ,engli%man c\ld :ip six ,fr5*m52 & ! language ( a ho/ile & p>tly conqu]$ race naturally began to occupy a less high position4 ,9 #acfb ,p>liam5t enact$ t ,engli% %\ld !reaft] be us$ 9 law c\rts1 because ! laws1 cu/oms1 & /atutes ( ?is realm1 be n commonly kn[n 9 ! same realm1 = t !y be plead$1 %ew$1 & judg$ 9 ! ,fr5* tongue1 :i* is mu* unkn[n 9 ! said realm4 ,,lit]ature ,,( ,,! ,,p]iod #ajff-adjj ,metrical ,romances4--,= ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,norman ,conque/ ! *ief lit]>y productions 7 metrical romances1 :i* 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance usually writt5 by ,fr5*m51 b sometimes by ,engli%m5 7e4g4 ,layamon7 "u ,fr5* influ5ce4 ,!re 7 f\r ma9 cycles ( ,fr5* romance especially popul> 9 ,engl& be=e ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,^! 7 tales ( ! rem>kable adv5tures ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights1 ,*>lemagne & 8 ,pe]s1 ,alex&] ! ,great1 & ! h]oes at ! siege ( ,troy4 ,at ! battle ( ,ha/+s a ,fr5* m9/rel is said to h sung ! ,song ( ,rol& f ! ,*>lemagne cycle4 ,^! long /ories 9 v]se usually pres5t ! glory ( *ivalry1 ! religi\s fai?1 & ! romantic loves ( a feudal age4 ,9 ,be[ulf1 woman plays a v m9or "p & !re is no love /ory2 b 9 ^! romances we (t5 f9d woman & love 9 ! asc5dancy4 ,"o ( !m1 well kn[n today 9 song1 ,tri/ram & ,iseult 7,wagn]'s ,tri/an und ,isolde71 a possession ( our composite race1 is almo/ entirely a /ory ( romantic love4 ,! romances ( ?is age t h mo/ int]e/ = ,engli% read]s are ^? :i* relate to ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,! f\ndation sugge/ions = ! mo/ ( ?is cycle are ( ,briti% 7,wel%7 orig94 ,?is p]iod w\ld n h exi/$ 9 va91 if x _h giv5 to ! _w no?+1 b ^! ,ar?urian ideals ( g5]osity1 c\rage1 honor1 & high endeav\r1 :i* are /ill a pot5t influ5ce4 ,9 8 ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 ,t5nyson calls ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights3-- ,a glori\s company1 ! fl[] ( m51 ,to s]ve z model = ! mighty _w1 ,& be ! fair beg9n+ ( a "t4 ,! ,que/ ( ! ,holy ,grail belongs to ! ,ar?urian cycle4 ,p]cival 7,wagn]'s ,p>sifal71 ! h]o ( ! e>li] v]sion & ,sir ,galahad ( ! lat]1 %[ ! same _s t animat$ ! knights 9 ! ,crusades4 ,t5nyson introduces ,sir ,galahad z a knight ^: /r5g? is z ! /r5g? ( t5 because 8 he>t is pure1 und]tak+ ! f>-que/ aft] ! div9e4 ,! ,am]ican poet ,l[ell *ose ,sir ,launfal1 a less prom95t figure 9 ,ar?urian romance1 = ! h]o ( 8 v]sion ( ! se>* = ! ,grail1 & _h him f9d x 9 e sympa!tic act along ! common way ( life4 ,! /ory ( ,gawayne & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 ! jewel ( ,engli% m$ieval lit]ature1 tells h[ ,sir ,gawayne1 ,ar?ur's favorite1 f\ght ) a giant call$ ! ,gre5 ,knight4 ,! romance might almo/ be call$ a s]mon1 if x did n reveal 9 a m int]e/+ way a great moral tru?1--t deception weak5s "* & r5d]s ! deceiv] vuln]able 9 life's conte/s4 ,9 prep>+ = ! /ruggle1 ,sir ,gawayne is guilty ( "o act ( deceit4 ,b = ?is1 he w\ld h em]g$ unsca!d f ! battle4 ,"o w\nd1 :i* leaves a la/+ sc>1 is ! result ( an app>5tly trivial deception4 ,8 purity & honor 9 all ?+s else save him f dea?4 ,?is /ory1 :i* rem9ds u ( ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que5e1 pres5ts 9 a new g>b "o ( ! (t-recurr+ ideals ( ! race1 keep tro? 7tru?74 ,*auc] s+s 9 ! same key3-- ,hold ! hye wey1 & let ?y go/ !e l$e1 ,& tr\! %all deliv]e1 x is no dr$e4 ,we %\ld rememb] t ^! romances are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic lit]>y creations ( ! ,middle ,ages1 t !y embody ! new _s ( *ivalry1 religi\s fai?1 & romantic love 9 a feudal age1 t !y _h a /ory to tell1 & t "s ( !m h nev] lo/ _! influ5ce on human ideals4 ,a ,lat9 ,*ronicl]4--,"o *ronicl]1 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 al?\gh he wrote 9 ,lat91 mu/ receive "s att5tion because ( 8 va/ influ5ce on ,engli% poetry4 ,he probably acquir$ 8 la/ "n f be+ ar*deacon ( ,monm\?4 ,he 0 appo9t$ ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,asaph 9 #aaeb & di$ ab\t #aaed4 ,unlike ! majority ( ! monki% *ronicl]s1 he possess$ a vivid imag9ation1 :i* he us$ 9 8 s-call$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,brita94 ,ge(frey pret5d$ to h f\nd an old manuscript :i* relat$ ! de$s ( all ,briti% k+s f ,brutus1 ! my?ical f\nd] ( ! k+dom ( ,brita91 & ! great-gr&son ( ,a5eas1 to ,caes>4 ,ge(frey wrote an acc\nt ( ! tradition>y ,briti% k+s d[n to ,cadwallad] 9 #fhi ) z mu* m9ut5ess & gravity z ,swift employ$ 9 ! ,voyage to ,lilliput4 ,o!r *ronicl]s decl>$ t ,ge(frey li$ saucily & %amelessly1 b 8 book became extremely popul>4 ,! monks c\ld n !n compreh5d t ! _w's greate/ lit]>y works 7 to be products ( ! imag9ation4 ,9 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,brita9 we are giv5 vivid pictures ( ,k+ ,le> & 8 daught]s1 ( ,cymbel9e1 ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights1 ( ,gu9ev]e & ! re/ ( t company :om lat] poets h immortaliz$4 ,x is probable t ,ge(frey 0 n p>ticul> :e!r he obta9$ 8 mat]ials f old *ronicl]s1 ,wel% b>ds1 float+ tradition1 or f 8 own imag9ation4 ,8 book left its impress on ! hi/orical imag9ation ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,_h x n be5 = ,ge(frey's ,hi/ory1 ! dramas ( ,k+ ,le> & ,cymbel9e might nev] h be5 sugge/$ to ,%akespe>e4 ,layamon's ,brut4--,ab\t #aaee a ,fr5*man nam$ ,wace translat$ into 8 own language ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?'s works4 ,?is translation fell into ! h&s ( ,layamon1 a prie/ liv+ 9 ,worce/]%ire1 :o proce$$ to r5d] ! poem1 ) additions ( 8 own1 into ! ,s\!rn ,engli% dialect4 ,wace's ,brut has #ae1cjj l9es2 ,layamon's1 #cb1bej4 ,z ! matt] :i* ,layamon add$ is ! be/ 9 ! poem1 he is1 9 s f>1 an orig9al au?or ( mu* imag9ative p[]4 ,he is c]ta9ly ! greate/ poet betwe5 ! ,conque/ & ,*auc]'s "t4 ,a selection f ! ,brut w give ! /ud5t an opportunity ( comp>+ ?is transition ,engli% ) ! language 9 its mod]n =m3-- ,& ,i* wulle v>an to ,avalun3 ,& ,i w f>e to ,avalon1 ,to vaire/ alre maid5e ,to ! faire/ ( all maid5s1 ,to ,argante ere qu5e1 ,to ,argante ! que51 ,alv5 swie sceone2 ,elf surpass+ fair2 ,& heo scal m9e wund5 ,& %e %all my w\nds ,maki5 alle isunde1 ,make all s\nd1 ,al hal me maki5 ,all hale me make ,mid halweige dr5*54 ,) heal+ draughts4 ,& seoe ,i* cum5 wulle ,& aft]w>ds ,i w come ,to m9e k9]i*e ,to my k+dom ,& wuni5 mid ,brutt5 ,& dwell ) ,britons ,mid mu*el]e wunne4 ,) mu* joy4 ,) ?is1 comp>e ! foll[+ l9es f ,t5nyson's ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur3-- 444,i am go+ a long way 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! isl&-valley ( ,avilion1 ,:]e falls n hail1 or ra91 or any sn[1 ,nor ev] w9d bl[s l\dly2 b x lies ,deep-mead['d1 happy1 fair ) or*>d lawns ,& b[]y holl[s cr[n'd ) summ] sea1 ,:]e ,i w heal me ( my griev\s w\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he passes to be ,k+ among ! dead1 ,& aft] heal+ ( 8 griev\s w\nd ,he comes aga94 ,layamon employ$ less allit]ation ?an is f\nd 9 ,anglo-,saxon poetry4 ,he also us$ an occasional rime1 b ! acc5t & rhy?m ( 8 v]se are m ,saxon ?an mod]n4 ,:5 read+ ,t5nyson's ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 we mu/ n =get t ,layamon 0 ! fir/ poet to celebrate 9 ,engli% ,k+ ,ar?ur's de$s4 ,! ,brut %[s little trace ( ,fr5* influ5ces1 n m ?an a hundr$ ,fr5* words be+ f\nd 9 x4 ,orm's ,ormulum4--,a monk nam$ ,orm wrote 9 ! ,midl& dialect a metrical p>aphrase ( ^? p>ts ( ! ,gospels us$ 9 ! *ur* on ea* s]vice day ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,aft] ! p>aphrase comes 8 metrical explanation & application ( ! ,scripture4 ,he says3-- ,diss boc iss nemmn$d ,orrmulum ,=ri att ,ormm itt wrohhte4 ,?is book is nam$ ,ormulum ,= t ,orm x wrote4 ,!re 0 no fix$ spell+ at ?is "t4 ,orm g5]ally d\bl$ ! consonant aft] a %ort v[el1 & insi/$ t any "o :o copi$ 8 "w %\ld be c>eful to d ! same4 ,we %all f9d on c\nt+ ! syllables 9 ! two l9es quot$ f him t ! fir/ l9e has eight2 ! second1 sev54 ,?is s*eme is foll[$ ) great precision ?r\gh\t ! poem1 :i* employs nei!r rime nor regul> allit]ation4 ,orm us$ ev5 few] ,fr5* words ?an ,layamon4 ,! date ( ! ,ormulum is probably some:]e betwe5 #abjj & #abae4 ,! ,ancr5 ,riwle4--,ab\t #abbe appe>$ ! mo/ notable prose "w 9 ! native tongue s9ce ! "t ( ,alfr$1 if we except ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle4 ,?ree "y ladies :o _h seclud$ !mselves f ! _w 9 ,dorset%ire1 wi%$ rules = guidance 9 _! seclusion4 ,an unkn[n au?or1 to oblige !m1 wrote ! ,ancr5 ,riwle 7,rule ( ,an*oresses74 ,?is book n only lays d[n rules = _! future conduct 9 all ! affairs ( life1 b also (f]s mu* religi\s consolation4 ,! foll[+ selection %[s "s ( ! curi\s rules = ! guidance ( ! an*oresses1 & furni%es a specim5 ( ! ,s\!rn dialect ( transitional ,engli% prose 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury3-- e1 m9e le\e su/r51 ne s*ul5 habb5 no be/ bute kat "o444 e s*ul5 beon i-dodd$ f\r sien1 ie ere1 uorto liht5 ow] heau$444 ,( idelnesse awak5e mu*el fles%es fondunge444 ,ir5 et li /ille g$]e sone ru/4 ,ye1 my belov$ si/]s1 %all h no bea/ b "o cat444 ,ye %all be cropp$ f\r times 9 ! ye> = to light5 y\r head444 ,( idl5ess arise? mu* temptation ( ! fle%444 ,iron t lie? /ill soon ga!re? ru/4 ,! keynote ( ! "w is ! r5unciation ( self4 ,few productions ( mod]n lit]ature conta9 f9] pictures ( ! div9e love & sympa?y4 ,! foll[+ simile af=ds an in/ance ( ?is quality 9 ! "w3-- ,de sixte kun=t is et ure ,l\]d1 hwon he iol et we beo it5t$1 he plaie mid u1 ase e mod] mid hire unge deorl+e2 vlih f him1 & hut hire1 & let hit sitt5 "o1 & lok5 eorne abut51 & cleopi5 ,dame6 dame6 & weop5 "o hwule2 & eonne mid ispr$de ermes leape lauhw9de vor1 & cluppe & cusse & wipe 8 ei54 ,riht s ure ,l\]d let u "o iwuren oer hwules1 & widrawe 8 grace & 8 kun=t1 et we ne iv9de swetnesse 9 none +e et we wel d1 ne savor ( heorte2 & auh1 iet ilke po9t ne luve he u ure leove v$] nev] e lesce1 auh he de hit = mu*el luve et he h to u4 ,! six? com=t is t our ,"l1 :5 he suff]s t we be tempt$1 he plays ) u1 z ! "m ) h] "y d>l+2 %e flees f x1 & hides h]self1 & lets x sit alone & look anxi\sly ab\t & cry ,dame6 dame6 & weep a:ile2 & !n ) outspread arms leaps laugh+ =? & clasps & kisses x & wipes its eyes4 ,exactly s our ,"l leaves u alone once 9 a :ile & )draws 8 grace & 8 com=t1 t we f9d sweetness 9 no?+ t we d well1 no reli% ( he>t2 & not)/&+1 at ! same "t1 he1 our de> ,fa!r1 loves u nev]!less1 b he does x = ! great love t he has = u4 ,pr(essor ,sweet calls ! ,ancr5 ,riwle "o ( ! mo/ p]fect models ( simple1 natural1 eloqu5t prose 9 our language4 ,= its introduction ( ,fr5* words1 ?is "w occupies a prom95t place 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,engli% language4 ,among ! words ( ,fr5* orig9 f\nd 9 x1 we may in/ance3 da9ty1 cruelty1 ve/m5ts1 com=t1 j\rney1 m]c]4 ,lyrical ,poetry4--,a fam\s ,briti% ,museum manuscript1 kn[n z ,h>leian ,,ms41 ,no4 #bbec4 :i* 0 transcrib$ ab\t #acaj1 conta9s a f9e an?ology ( ,engli% lyrics1 "s ( :i* may h be5 compos$ e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! be/ ( ^! are love lyrics1 b !y are less rem>kable = an expression ( ! t5d] passion ?an = a g5u9e appreciation ( nature4 ,"s ( !m are full ( ! joy ( birds & fl[]s & w>m spr+ days4 ,a lov]'s song1 call$ ,alys\n1 is "o ( ! be/ ( ^! lyrics3-- ,bytu5e ,m]%e ant#c ,av]il#d ,:5 spray big9ne? to spr+1 ,! lutel#e f\l ha? hire wyl ,on hyre lud#f to synge4 ,a fam\s spr+ lyric beg9n+3-- ,l5t5#g ys come ) love to t\ne1#h ,) blosm5 ant ) briddes#i r\ne4#aj is a symphony ( daisies1 roses1 lovesome lilies1 ?ru%es1 & notes suete ( nyhtegales4 ,! refra9 ( "o love song is invigorat+ ) ! brea? ( ! nor!rn w9d3-- ,bl\1 nor!rne wynd6 ,s5d ?\ me my suetyng6 ,bl\ nort]ne wynd6 bl\1 bl\1 bl\6 ,! ,cuckoo ,song1 :i* is p]haps old] ?an any ( ^!1 is ! be/ kn[n ( all ! e>ly lyrics3-- ,sum] is i-cum5 9 ,lhude s+ cuccu ,gr[e? s$ & bl[e? m$ ,& spr+e? ! wde nu4 ,s+ cuccu1 cuccu4 ,summ] is a-com+ 91 ,l\d s+ cuckoo1 ,gr[e? se$ & bloome? mead1 ,& spr+e? ! wood n[4 ,s+ cuckoo1 cuckoo4 ,a m somb] note is he>d 9 ! religi\s lyrics3-- ,wynt] wak5e? al my c>e1 ,n\ ?is leves waxe? b>e2 ,(te ,i sike#aa ant m\rne s>e#ab ,:5 hit come? 9 my ?oht ,( ?is worldes joie1 h\ hit go? al to noht4 ,we d n "k ! names ( any ( ^! s+]s1 b !y 7 wor?y =]unn]s ( ! lat] lyri/s ( love & nature4 ,rob]t ,mann+ ( ,brunne4--,we h n[ come to f\rte5?-c5tury lit]ature1 :i* beg9s to we> a m mod]n aspect4 ,rob]t ,mann+1 g5]ally kn[n z ,rob]t ( ,brunne1 because he 0 born at ,brunne1 n[ call$ ,b\rn1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 adapt$ f a ,norman-,fr5* orig9al a "w entitl$ ,h&lyng ,synne 7,manual ( ,s9s74 ,?is book1 writt5 9 ! ,midl& dialect 9 #acjc1 disc\rses ( ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s & ! be/ ways ( liv+ a godly life4 ,a c>eful inspection ( ! foll[+ selection f ! ,h&lyng ,synne w %[ t1 aside f ! spell+1 ! ,engli% is ess5tially mod]n4 ,mo/ p]sons w be able to und]/& all b a few words4 ,he 0 ! fir/ prom95t ,engli% writ] to use ! mod]n ord] ( words4 ,! end rime is also mod]n4 ,a begg>1 see+ a bea/ lad5 ) bread at ! h\se ( a ri* man1 asks = food4 ,! poem says ( ! ri* man3-- ,he /\p$ d[n to seke a /one1 ,b1 z hap 01 ?an fonde he none4 ,= ! /one he toke a l(e1 ,& at ! pore man hyt dr(e4 ,! pore man h5te hyt up belyue1 ,& 0 !re( ful f]ly bly!1 ,to hys felaws fa/ he ran ,) ! l(e1 ?ys pore man4 ,he /oop$ d[n to seek a /one1 ,b1 z *ance 01 !n f\nd he none4 ,= ! /one he took a loaf1 ,& at ! poor man x drove4 ,! poor man caught x up quickly1 ,& 0 !re( full /rangely glad1 ,to 8 fell[s fa/ he ran ,) ! loaf ?is poor man4 ,oliphant says3 ,/range x is t ,dante %\ld h be5 compil+ 8 ,inf]no1 :i* settl$ ! c\rse ( ,italian lit]ature =ev]1 9 ! selfsame ye>s t ,rob]t ( ,brunne 0 compil+ ! e>lie/ patt]n ( well-=m$ ,new ,engli%444 ,almo/ e "o ( ! ,teutonic *anges 9 idiom1 di/+ui%+ ! ,new ,engli% f ! ,old1 ! spee* ( ,que5 ,victoria f ! spee* ( ,h5gi/1 is to be f\nd 9 ,mann+'s "w4 ,m&eville's ,travels4--,sir ,john ,m&eville1 :o is popul>ly consid]$ ! au?or ( a v ent]ta9+ "w ( travels1 /ates t he 0 born 9 ,/4 ,albans 9 #acjj1 t he left ,engl& 9 #acbb1 & travel$ 9 ! ,ea/ = ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,8 ,travels relates :at he saw & he>d 9 8 w&]+s ?r\gh ,e?iopia1 ,p]sia1 ,t>t>y1 ,india1 & ,ca?ay4 ,:at he tells on 8 own au?ority1 he v\*es = z true1 b :at he relates z he>say1 he leaves to ! read]'s judgm5t = belief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,madeville ,,saw4 ,old pr9t f ,edition ( #agbe4 ,no su* s+le travel] z ,m&eville ev] exi/$4 ,! "w attribut$ to him has be5 prov$ to be a compilation f ! writ+s ( o!r travel]s4 ,a ,fr5* critic says wittily3 ,he fir/ lo/ 8 "* z a tru?ful writ]2 !n out ( ! ?ree v]sions ( 8 book1 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,lat91 two 7 )drawn f him1 leav+ him only ! fir/4 ,exi/5ce has n[ be5 tak5 f him1 & he is left ) no?+ at all4 ,no matt]1 h[ev]1 :o ! au?or 01 ! book exi/s4 ,m manuscripts ( x survive ?an ( any o!r "w except ! ,scriptures4 ,x is ! mo/ ent]ta9+ volume ( ,engli% prose t we h be=e #acfj4 ,! s5t5ces are simple & direct1 & !y describe ?+s vividly3-- ,9 ,e?iope b5 _m dyv]se folk3 & ,e?iope is clept#ac ,cusis4 ,9 t contree b5 folk1 t han b o foot3 & !i gon s fa/1 t x is m>vaylle3 & ! foot is s l>ge1 t x s*adewe! alle ! body az5#ad ! ,sonne :anne !i wole#ae lye & re/e hem4#af ,m&eville also tells ( a bird t us$ to amuse itself by fly+ away ) an elephant 9 its talons4 ,9 ! l& ( ,pre/] ,john 0 a valley :]e ,m&eville says he saw devils jump+ ab\t z ?ick z gras%opp]s4 ,/ories l ^! make ! "w z int]e/+ z ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,! s-call$ ,m&eville's ,travels 0 "o ( ! few works t ! unle>n$ ( t age c\ld und]/& & enjoy4 ,consequ5tly its popul>ity 0 s great z to br+ l>ge numb] ( ,fr5* words into famili> use4 ,! native aga9b\ght is1 h[ev]1 us$ in/ead ( ! =eign r$eem$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wycliffe4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,john ,wycliffe4--,wycliffe 7#acbd-achd7 0 born at ,hipswell1 ne> ,ri*mond1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,york%ire4 ,he became a doctor ( div9ity & a ma/] ( "o ( ! colleges at ,ox=d4 ,aft]w>d he 0 in/all$ vic> ( ,lutt]wor? 9 ,leice/]%ire1 :]e he di$4 ,9 hi/ory he is pr9cipally kn[n z ! fir/ great figure 9 ! ,engli% ,re=mation4 ,he prec$$ ! o!r re=m]s by m ?an a c5tury4 ,9 lit]ature he is be/ kn[n = ! fir/ complete translation ( ! ,bible1--a "w t ex]t$ great influ5ce on ,engli% prose4 ,all ! translation 0 n made by him p]sonally1 b all 0 done "u 8 direction4 ,! translation ( mo/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ?\ght to be 8 own special "w4 ,he is ! mo/ important prose writ] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,8 prose _h an influ5ce z wide z ! circulation ( ! ,bible4 ,! fact t x 0 =c$ to circulate 9 manuscript1 because pr9t+ _h n !n be5 inv5t$1 limit$ 8 read]s2 b 8 translation 01 nev]!less1 read by _m4 ,to help ! cause ( ! ,re=mation1 he wrote argum5tative religi\s pamphlets1 :i* are excell5t specim5s ( en]getic f\rte5?-c5tury prose4 ,( 8 place 9 lit]ature1 ,t5 ,br9k says3 ,wycliffe's lit]>y importance lies 9 ! fact t he ext5d$ ! doma9 ( ,engli% prose & enhanc$ its p[]s ( expression4 ,he accu/om$ x to t]se reason+1 & p]fect$ x z an in/rum5t = express+ rigor\s logical ?\ght & argum5t2 he br\ght x into ! s]vice ( great ideas & que/ions ( ! day1 & made x ! m$ium ( polemics & satire4 ,& above all1 he rais$ x to ! dignity ( ! national language ( ! ,bible4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 v]se ( ,wycliffe's translation4 ,we may note t ! /rong old ,engli% ^w aga9ris+ _h n !n be5 displac$ by ! ,lat9 resurrection4 ,jhesu sei? to hir1 ,i am ag5risyng & lyf2 he t bileue? 9 me1 he1 if he s*al be de$1 s*all lyue4 ,pi]s ,pl[man4--,! ,vision ( ,william ,conc]n+ ,pi]s ! ,pl[man1 popul>ly call$ ,pi]s ,pl[man1 f its mo/ important "*1 is ! "n ( an allegorical poem1 ! fir/ draft 7,a text7 ( :i* 0 probably compos$ ab\t #acfb4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury two o!r v]sions1 kn[n z texts ,b & ,c appe>$4 ,au?orities diff] 9 reg>d to :e!r ^! are ! "w ( ! same man4 ,! ,vision is ! fir/ & ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( a mu* long] "w1 kn[n z ,lib] de ,petro ,pl[man 7,! ,book ( ,pi]s ! ,pl[man74 ,! au?or%ip ( ! poem is n c]ta9ly kn[n1 b x has long be5 ascrib$ to ,william ,langl&1 born ab\t #acbb at ,cleobury ,mortim] 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,! au?or ( ,pi]s ,pl[man seems to h p]=m$ c]ta9 functions connect$ ) ! *ur*1 su* z s++ at fun]als4 ,pi]s ,pl[man op5s on a pleasant ,may morn+ amid rural sc5]y4 ,! poet falls asleep by ! side ( a brook & dreams4 ,9 8 dream he has a vision ( ! _w pass+ be=e 8 eyes1 l a drama4 ,! poem tells :at he saw4 ,its op5+ l9es are3-- ,9 a som] seson 99 :an s(t 0 ! sonne ,i %ope#ag me 9 %r\des#ah 99 z ,i a %epe#ai 7 ,9 habite z an heremite#bj - unholy ( workes ,went wyde 9 is world - wondres to "h ,ac on a ,may mornynge - on ,malu]ne hulles#ba ,me byfel a ferly#bb - ( fairy me ?\ te ,i wz wery =w&r$#bc - & went me to re/e ,"u a brode bank - bi a bornes#bd side1 ,& z ,i lay & len$#be - & lok$ 9 e wat]es ,i slombr$ 9 a slepyng - x sweyv$#bf s m]ye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,treu!',s ,,pilgryme ,,atte ,,pl[4 ,f a manuscript 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,! language ( ,pi]s ,pl[man is a mixture ( ! ,s\!rn & ,midl& dialects4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t ! poem employs ! old ,anglo-,saxon allit]ative met]4 ,!re is no end rime4 ,pi]s ,pl[man is ! la/ great poem writt5 9 ?is way4 ,! actors 9 ?is poem are l>gely allegorical4 ,ab/ractions are p]sonifi$4 ,prom95t *>act]s are ,consci5ce1 ,lady ,me$ or ,brib]y1 ,reason1 ,tru?1 ,gluttony1 ,hung]1 & ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s4 ,9 "s respects1 ! poem is n unlike ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 = ! battle 9 pass+ f ?is life to ! next is well describ$ 9 bo?2 b !re are m humor1 satire1 & descriptions ( common life 9 ,langl&4 ,pi]s is at fir/ a simple pl[man1 :o (f]s to guide m5 to tru?4 ,he is f9ally id5tifi$ ) ! ,savior4 ,?r\gh\t ! poem1 ! writ] displays all ! old ,saxon e>ne/ness4 ,8 hatr$ ( hypocrisy is manife/ on e page4 ,8 sadness1 because ?+s are n z !y ought to be1 makes itself con/antly felt4 ,he _c reconcile ! contradiction betwe5 ! real & ! ideal4 ,9 attack+ selfi%ness1 hypocrisy1 & corruption2 9 prea*+ ! value ( a life ( good de$s2 9 %[+ h[ m5 ought to progress t[>d high] ideals2 9 tea*+ t ,love is ! physician ( life & ne>e/ our ,"l himself1-- ,pi]s ,pl[man prov$ itself a reg5]at+ spiritual =ce1 a /epp+-/one t[>d ! lat] ,re=mation4 ,! au?or ( ?is poem 0 also a f\rte5?-c5tury social re=m]1 prote/+ aga9/ ! oppression ( ! poor1 insi/+ on mutual s]vice & ! good & lov+ life4 ,9 ord] to h a well-r\nd$ conception ( ! life ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 we mu/ read ,pi]s ,pl[man4 ,*auc] 0 a poet = ! upp] classes4 ,pi]s ,pl[man gives valuable pictures ( ! life ( ! common p & %[s !m work+-- ,to kepe kyne ,9 e field1 e corne fro e be/es1 ,dik5#bg or delu5#bh or dyng5#bi vppon %eues1#cj ,or helpe make mort> or "h mukke a-felde4 ,we f9d 9 ! popul> poetry ( ,pi]s ,pl[man almo/ z _m words ( ,fr5* d]ivation z 9 ! "w ( ! m ari/ocratic ,*auc]4 ,?is fact %[s h[ ?or\ghly ! ,fr5* elem5t _h become incorporat$ 9 ! spee* ( all classes4 ,! /yle ( ! au?or ( ,pi]s ,pl[man is1 h[ev]1 rem>kable = ! old ,saxon s9c]ity & = ! reali/ic directness ( ! be>] ( a wor?y message4 ,john ,g[]4--,g[]1 a v le>n$ poet1 0 born ab\t #acbe & di$ 9 #adjh4 ,z he 0 n sure t ,engli% w\ld become ! language ( 8 cultivat$ c\ntrym51 he tri$ ea* ( ! ?ree languages us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,8 fir/ important "w1 ! ,speculum ,m$itantis1 0 writt5 9 ,fr5*2 8 second1 ! ,vox ,clamantis1 9 ,lat92 8 ?ird1 ! ,confessio ,amantis1 9 ,engli%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,portrait ,,( ,,g[] ,,he>+ ,,! ,,confession ,,( ,a ,,lov] 7,,confessio ,,amantis74 ,f ! ,eg]ton ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! ,confessio ,amantis 7,confession ( a ,lov]7 is pr9cipally a collection ( "o hundr$ & twelve %ort tales4 ,an attempt to unify !m is se5 9 ! design to h ! confessor relate1 at ! lov]'s reque/1 ^? /ories :i* reveal ! causes t5d+ to h9d] or to fur!r love4 ,g[] _h ability 9 /ory-tell+1 z is %[n by ! tales ab\t ,m$ea & ! knight ,flor5t2 b he lack$ ,*auc]'s dramatic skill & humor4 ,g[]'s influ5ce has wan$ because1 al?\gh he /ood at ! ?re%old ( ! ,r5aissance1 8 gaze 0 *iefly turn$ backw>d t[>d m$ievalism4 ,8 contempor>y1 ,*auc]1 z we see1 0 affect$ by ! new _s4 ,,ge(frey ,,*auc]1 #acdj8-adjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ge(frey ,,*auc]4 ,f an old draw+ 9 ,occleve's ,poems1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,life4--,*auc] 0 born 9 ,london ab\t #acdj4 ,8 fa!r & gr&fa!r 7 v9tn]s1 :o belong$ to ! upp] class ( m]*ants4 ,our fir/ k ( ,ge(frey ,*auc] is obta9$ f ! h\sehold acc\nts ( ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 daught]-9-law ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 9 ^: family ,*auc] 0 a page4 ,an entry %[s t %e b\ght him a f9e suit ( clo!s1 includ+ a pair ( r$ & black bree*es4 ,su* evid5ce po9ts to ! fact t he 0 e>ly accu/om$ to associat+ ) ! nobility1 & enables u to und]/& :y he & ! au?or ( ,pi]s ,pl[man reg>d life f diff]5t po9ts ( view4 ,9 #acei ,*auc] accompani$ ! ,engli% army to ,france & 0 tak5 prison]4 ,edw>d ,,iii4 ?\ght en\gh ( ! y\? to pay = 8 ransom a sum equival5t to-day to ab\t #abjj4 ,aft] 8 return he 0 made valet ( ! k+'s *amb]4 ,! duties ( t (fice consi/$ 9 mak+ ! royal b$1 hold+ tor*es1 & c>ry+ messages4 ,lat]1 ,*auc] became a squire4 ,9 #acgj he 0 s5t to ! cont95t on a diplomatic mission4 ,he seems to h succe$$ s well t dur+ ! next t5 ye>s he 0 repeat$ly s5t abroad 9 ! royal s]vice4 ,he visit$ ,italy twice & may ?us h met ! ,italian poet ,petr>*4 ,^! j\rneys inspir$ ,*auc] ) a desire to /udy ,italian lit]ature1--a lit]ature t _h j be5 enri*$ by ! p5s ( ,dante & ,boccaccio4 ,we mu/ next note t ,*auc]'s life 0 n t ( a poetic dream]1 b ( a /irr+ bus9ess man4 ,= m ?an twelve ye>s he 0 controll] ( cu/oms = ,london4 ,?is (fice necessitat$ assess+ duties on wools1 sk9s1 w9es1 & c&les4 ,only a "p ( ?is "w c\ld be p]=m$ by deputy4 ,he 0 lat] ov]see+ cl]k ( ! k+'s works4 ,! repeat$ selection ( ,*auc] = =eign & diplomatic bus9ess %[s t he 0 consid]$ sagaci\s z well z tru/wor?y4 ,_h he n kept 9 close t\* ) life1 he c\ld nev] h become s great a poet4 ,9 ?is connection we may rem>k t ,engl&'s second greate/ writ]1 ,milton1 sp5t 8 prime 9 att5d+ to affairs ( /ate4 ,*auc]'s busy life did n keep him f atta9+ ?ird place on ! li/ ( ,engl&'s poets4 ,!re are _m passages ( autobiographical int]e/ 9 8 poems4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( books z well z ( m51 z is %[n by ^! l9es f ! ,h\s ( ,fame3-- ,= :an ?y lab\r doon al is1 ,& halt y-maad ?y rek5+es1 ,9 /$e ( re/ & newe ?+es1 ,?\ go/ hoom to ?y h\s anoon1 ,&1 also domb z any /oon1 ,?\ sitte/ at ano!r boke1 ,til fully dasw$#ca is ?y loke1 ,& live/ ?us z an h]myte4#cb ,*auc] 0 p5sion$ by ?ree k+s1--,edw>d ,,iii41 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 & ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,be=e ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,*auc]'s p5sions 7 ei!r n always regul>ly paid1 or !y 7 insuffici5t = c]ta9 em]g5cies1 z he compla9$ ( pov]ty 9 8 old age4 ,! p5sion ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 9 #acii mu/ h be5 ample1 h[ev]2 s9ce 9 t ye> ,*auc] leas$ a h\se 9 ! g>d5 ( a *apel at ,we/m9/] = z _m ( fifty-?ree ye>s z he %\ld live4 ,he _h occasion to use ?is h\se b t5 mon?s1 = he di$ 9 #adjj4 ,he may be said to h f\nd$ ! ,poets' ,corn] 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 z he 0 ! fir/ ( ! _m great au?ors to be buri$ !re4 ,*auc]'s ,e>li] ,poems4--,at ! age ( =ty1 ,*auc] _h probably writt5 n m ?an "o sev5? ( a total ( ab\t #ce1jjj l9es ( v]se :i* he left at 8 dea?4 ,be=e he rea*$ 8 poetic prime1 he %[$ two p]iods ( influ5ce1--,fr5* & ,italian4 ,dur+ 8 fir/ p]iod1 he /udi$ ,fr5* models4 ,he le>n$ mu* f 8 p>tial translation ( ! popul> ,fr5* ,romaunt ( ! ,rose4 ,! be/ poem ( 8 ,fr5* p]iod is ,de! ( ,blan*e ! ,du*esse1 a tribute to ! wife ( ,john ( ,gaunt1 ! son ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,*auc]'s j\rney to ,italy next turn$ 8 att5tion to ,italian models4 ,a /udy ( ^! 0 ( especial s]vice 9 help+ him to acquire t skill :i* enabl$ him to produce ! ma/]pieces ( 8 ?ird or ,engli% p]iod4 ,?is /udy came at a specially opportune "t & result$ 9 communicat+ to him some?+ ( ! _s ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,! influ5ce ( ,boccaccio &1 sometimes1 ( ,dante is noticeable 9 ! pr9cipal poems ( ! ,italian p]iod1--! ,troilus & ,criseyde1 ,h\s ( ,fame1 & ,leg5de ( ,good ,wom54 ,! ,troilus & ,criseyde is a tale ( love t 0 n true4 ,! ,h\s ( ,fame1 an unf9i%$ poem1 gives a vision ( a va/ palace ( ice on :i* ! names ( ! fam\s are c>v$ to await ! melt+ rays ( ! sun4 ,! ,leg5de ( ,good ,wom5 is a s]ies ( /ories ( ^? :o1 l ,alce/is1 are will+ to give up ev]y?+ = love4 ,9 ,a ,dream ( ,fair ,wom5 ,t5nyson says3-- ',! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51' long ago ,sung by ! morn+ /> ( song1 :o made ,8 music he>d bel[2 ,dan ,*auc]1 ! fir/ w>bl]1 ^: sweet brea? ,prelud$ ^? melodi\s bur/s t fill ,! spaci\s times ( great ,elizabe? ,) s\nds t e*o /ill4 ,9 ?is s]ies ( poems ,*auc] le>n$ h[ to rely less & less on an ,italian crut*4 ,he next took 8 immortal ride to ,cant]bury on an ,engli% ,pegasus4 ,g5]al ,plan ( ! ,cant]bury ,tales4--,p 9 g5]al h always be5 m int]e/$ 9 /ories ?an 9 any o!r =m ( lit]ature4 ,*auc] probably did n realize t he _h su* positive g5ius = tell+ tales 9 v]se t ! next five hundr$ ye>s w\ld fail to produce 8 sup]ior 9 t bran* ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cant]bury ,,ca!dral4 ,all t ,*auc] ne$$ 0 "s framework into :i* he c\ld fit ! /ories t occurr$ to him1 to make !m some?+ m ?an m]e /ray tales1 :i* might soon be =gott54 ,*auc]'s great contempor>y ,italian /orytell]1 ,boccaccio1 conceiv$ ! idea ( repres5t+ "s ( ! nobility ( ,flor5ce z flee+ f ! plague1 & tell+ 9 _! retirem5t ! tales t he us$ 9 8 ,decam]on4 ,x is n c]ta9 t ,*auc] receiv$ f ! ,decam]on 8 sugge/ions = ! ,cant]bury ,tales1 al?\gh he 0 probably 9 ,flor5ce at ! same "t z ,boccaccio4 ,9 #aagj ,?omas ,becket1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 0 murd]$ at ! alt>4 ,he 0 consid]$ bo? a m>tyr & a sa9t1 & 8 body 0 plac$ 9 a spl5did mausoleum at ! ,ca!dral4 ,x 0 said t miracles 7 work$ at 8 tomb1 t ! sick 7 cur$1 & t ! worldly affairs ( ^? :o knelt at 8 %r9e prosp]$4 ,x became ! fa%ion = m5 ( all classes to g on pilgrimages to 8 tomb4 ,z robb]s infe/$ ! highways1 ! pilgrims usually wait$ at "s inn until !re 0 a suffici5t b& to resi/ attack4 ,9 "t ! j\rney came to be look$ on z a holiday1 :i* reliev$ ! monotony ( ev]yday life4 ,ab\t #ache ,*auc] probably w5t on su* a pilgrimage4 ,to furni% amusem5t1 z ! pilgrims cant]$ along1 "s ( !m may h told /ories4 ,! idea occurr$ to ,*auc] to write a collection ( su* tales z ! v>i\s pilgrims might h be5 suppos$ to tell on _! j\rney4 ,! result 0 ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,*>act]s 9 ! ,tales4--,*auc]'s plan is sup]ior to ,boccaccio's2 = only ! nobility figure z /ory-tell]s 9 ! ,decam]on1 :ile ! ,cant]bury pilgrims repres5t all ranks ( ,engli% life1 f ! knight to ! sailor4 ,! ,prologue to ! ,tales places ^! *>act]s be=e u almo/ z di/9ctly z !y w\ld appe> 9 real life4 ,at ! ,tab>d ,inn 9 ,s\?w>k1 j across ! ,?ames f ,london1 we see t m]ry b& ( pilgrims on a pleasant ,april day4 ,we look fir/ ^u a manly figure :o /rikes u z be+ e in* a knight4 ,8 cassock %[s ! m>ks ( 8 coat ( mail4 ,at mortal batailles hadde he be5 fift5e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& ( 8 port z meke z is a mayde4 ,he nev] yet no vile9ye ne sayde ,9 al 8 lyf1 un-to no man] wight4 ,he 0 a v]ray p>fit g5til knight4 ,8 son1 ! ,squire1 next cat*es our att5tion4 ,we notice 8 curly locks1 8 g>m5ts embroid]$ ) gay fl[]s1 & ! graceful way 9 :i* he rides 8 horse4 ,by 8 side is 8 s]vant1 ! ,yeoman1 clad 9 cote & hood ( gr5e1 ) a %eaf ( arr[s at 8 belt4 ,we may ev5 note 8 cropp$ head & 8 horn susp5d$ f gre5 belt4 ,we next cat* sight ( a ,nun's gracefully pleat$ wimple1 %apely nose1 small m\?1 eyes greye z glas1 well-made cloak1 coral beads1 & broo* ( gold4 ,%e is att5d$ by a second ,nun & ?ree ,prie/s4 ,! ,monk is a /rik+ figure3-- ,8 he$ 0 ball$1 t %oon z any glas1 ,& eek 8 face1 z he hadde be5 ano9t4 ,he 0 a "l ful fat & 9 good po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pilgrims ,,leav+ ,,! ,,tab>d ,,inn4 ,f ,urry's ,*auc]4 ,!re foll[ ! ,fri> ) tw9kl+ eyes1 ! be/e begg]e 9 8 h\s1 ! ,m]*ant ) 8 =k$ be>d1 ! ,cl]k 7s*ol>7 ( ,ox=d 9 8 ?readb>e g>m5ts1 ! ,s]geant-at-,law1 ! ,franklyn 7c\ntry g5tleman71 ,hab]da%]1 ,c>p5t]1 ,weav]1 ,dy]1 ,tapyc] 7tape/ry mak]71 ,cook1 ,%ipman1 ,physician1 ,wife ( ,ba?1 ,p>i% ,prie/1 ,pl[man1 ,mill]1 ,manciple 7pur*as] ( provisions71 ,reeve 7bailiff ( a f>m71 ,summon] 7(ficial ( an ecclesia/ical c\rt71 & ,p>don]4 ,^! *>act]s1 exclusive ( ,baily 7! ho/ ( ,tab>d ,inn7 & ,*auc] himself1 are allud$ to 9 ! ,prologue to ! ,tales z-- ,wel nyne & tw5ty 9 a companye1 ,( sondry folk1 by av5ture y-falle ,9 felaw%ipe1 & pilgrims 7 !y alle1 ,t t[>d ,caunt]bury wold5 ryde4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,l9es ,,describ+ ,,! ,,franklyn#cc4 ,f ! ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,,ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,franklyn#cd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fri>4 ,! complet5ess ( ! picture ( f\rte5? c5tury ,engli% life 9 ! ,cant]bury ,tales makes !m absolutely necess>y read+ = ! hi/orian z well z = ! /ud5t ( lit]ature4 ,c]ta9ly no "o :o has ev] read ! ,prologue to ! ,tales w "q ,*auc]'s "r to be consid]$ a great orig9al poet1 no matt] h[ mu* he may h ow$ to =eign tea*]s4 ,! ,tales4--,h>ry ,baily1 ! keep] ( ! ,tab>d ,inn1 :o accompani$ ! pilgrims1 propos$ t ea* memb] ( ! p>ty %\ld tell f\r tales1--two go+ & two return+4 ,! "o :o told ! be/ /ory 0 to h a supp] at ! exp5se ( ! re/4 ,! plan ?us outl9$ 0 n fully execut$ by ,*auc]1 = ! collection conta9s b tw5ty-f\r tales1 all b two ( :i* are 9 v]se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,knight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prioress4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,squire4 ,! ,knightes ,tale1 :i* is ! fir/1 is also ! be/4 ,x is a v int]e/+ /ory ( love & *ivalry4 ,two "y ,!ban nobleman1 ,palamon & ,arcite1 sworn fri5ds1 are prison]s ( w> at ,a!ns4 ,look+ ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( _! dungeon1 !y see walk+ 9 ! g>d5 ! beautiful si/] ( ! que54 ,ea* "o swe>s t he w h ! pr9cess4 ,arcite is f9ally p>don$ on condition t he w leave ,a!ns & nev] return1 on p5alty ( dea?2 b 8 love = ,emily lures him back to ! =bidd5 l&4 ,r$uc$ almo/ to a skeleton1 he disguises himself1 goes to ,a!ns1 & becomes a s]vant 9 ! h\se ( ,k+ ,!seus4 ,f9ally1 ,palamon escapes f prison1 & by *ance enc\nt]s ,arcite4 ,! two m5 promptly fight1 b are int]rupt$ by ,!seus1 :o at fir/ condemns !m to dea?1 b lat] rel5ts & directs !m to dep>t & to return at ! end ( a ye>1 ea* ) a hundr$ brave knights4 ,! k+ prescribes t ea* lov] %all !n lead 8 =ces 9 mortal battle & t ! victor %all w$ ! pr9cess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cl]k ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! conte/1 ,palamon goes be=e dawn to ! temple ( ,v5us to besee* h] aid 9 w9n+ ,emily1 :ile ,arcite at ! same "t /eals to ! temple ( ,m>s to pray = victory 9 w>4 ,ea* deity n only promises b actually grants ! suppliants precisely :at !y ask2 = ,arcite1 ?\gh fatally w\nd$1 is victori\s 9 ! battle1 & ,palamon 9 ! end w$s ,emily4 ,al?\gh ,boccaccio's ,teseide furni%$ ! g5]al plot = ?is ,knightes ,tale1 ,*auc]'s /ory is1 z ,skeat says1 to all int5ts1 a truly orig9al poem4 ,! o!r pilgrims tell /ories 9 keep+ ) _! pr(essions & *>act]s4 ,p]haps ! next be/ tale is ! m]ry /ory ( ,*anticle] & ! ,fox4 ,?is is relat$ by ! ,nun's ,prie/4 ,! ,cl]k ( ,ox=d tells ! pa!tic tale ( ,pati5t ,griselda1 & ! ,nun relates a t\*+ /ory ( a little m>tyr4 ,*ief ,qualities ( ,*auc]4--,i4 ,*auc]'s descriptions are unusually cle>-cut & vivid4 ,!y are ! "w ( a poet :o did n %ut himself 9 8 /udy1 b :o m+l$ among 8 fell[-m5 & notic$ !m acutely4 ,he says ( ! ,fri>3-- ,8 eyes tw9kl$ 9 8 he$ aright1 ,z doon ! /]res 9 ! fro/y night4 ,our eyes & e>s di/9ctly p]ceive ! jolly ,monk1 z he cant]s along3-- ,&1 :an he rood1 m5 might 8 brydel "h ,g+l5 9 a :i/l+ w9d z cl]e1 ,& eek z l\de z doo? ! *apel-belle4 ,,ii4 ,*auc]'s p]vasive1 sympa!tic humor is especially *>act]i/ic4 ,we c see him look+ ) tw9kl+ eyes at ! ,mill]1 toll+ ?rice2 at ! ,monk1 full fat & 9 good po9t1 hunt+ ) 8 greyh\nds1 swift z f[l 9 flight1 or smil+ be=e a fat roa/ swan2 at ! ,squire1 keep+ ! night+ale company2 at ! ,doctor1 prescrib+ ! rules ( a/rology4 ,! ,nun feels a t\* ( 8 humor3-- ,ful wel %e song ! s]vice divyne1 ,entun$ 9 hir nose ful semely4 ,( ! lawy]1 he says3-- ,no-:] s bisy a man z he !r nas1 ,& yet he sem$ bisi] ?an he 04 ,sometimes ,*auc]'s humor is s delicate z to be lo/ on ^? :o are n quick-witt$4 ,l[ell in/ances ! case ( ! ,fri>1 :o1 be=e sett+ himself s(tly d[n1 drives away ! cat1 & adds :at is true only ( ^? :o h acute und]/&+3 ,we "k1 )\t ne$ ( m words1 t he has *os5 ! snugge/ corn]4 ,8 humor is (t5 a graceful cloak = 8 s]i\s philosophy ( exi/5ce4 ,! humor 9 ! ,prologue does n impair its wor? to ! /ud5t ( f\rte5?-c5tury life4 ,,iii4 ,al?\gh ,*auc]'s humor & excell5ce 9 light] ve9 are su* m>k$ *>act]i/ics1 we mu/ n =get 8 s]i\s qualities2 = he has ! ,saxon s]i\sness z well z ! ,norman air9ess4 ,z he looks ov] ! /ruggl+ _w1 he says ) a sympa!tic he>t3-- ,inf9ite be5 ! sorwes & ! t]es ,( olde folk1 & folk ( t5dre y]es4#ce ,9 l ve91 we h3-- ,?is _w nis b a ?urghf>e ful ( wo1 ,& we b5 pilgrimes1 pass+e to & fro2 ,dee? is an ende ( e worldly sore4#cf ,h] nis non hoom1 h] nis b wild]nesse4 ,=!1 pylgrime1 =!6 =!1 be/e out ( ?i /al6 ,kn[e ?i contree1 look up1 ?ank ,god ( al6#cg ,! f9e/ "* 9 ! company is t ( ! ,p>i% ,prie/1 :o att5ds to 8 flock l a good ,sam>itan3-- ,b ,cri/es lore1 & 8 apo/les twelve1 ,he taughte1 & fir/ he folw$ x him-selve4 ,,iv4 ,! l>g5ess ( 8 view ( human nature is rem>kable4 ,"s poets1 ei!r int5tionally or un9t5tionally1 pa9t "o type ( m5 accurately & di/ort all ! re/4 ,*auc] imp>tially portrays ! highe/ z well z ! l[e/1 & ! hone/ man z well z ! hypocrite4 ,! pictures ( ! rogui% ,fri> & ! self-d5y+ ,p>i% ,prie/1 ! ,ox=d ,s*ol> & ! ,mill]1 ! ,physician & ! ,%ipman1 are pa9t$ ) equal fidelity to life4 ,9 ! bread? & k9dl9ess ( 8 view ( life1 ,*auc] is a wor?y pr$ecessor ( ,%akespe>e4 ,dryd5's v]dict on ,*auc]'s poetry is3 ,"h is ,god's pl5ty4 ,v4 ,8 love ( nature is notewor?y = t e>ly age4 ,su* l9es z ^! manife/ some?+ m ?an a desire = rhetorical effect 9 speak+ ( nature's ph5om5a3-- ,n[ welcom som]1 ) ?y sonne s(te1 ,t ha/ ?is w9tres w$]s ov]-%ake1 ,& driv5 awey ! longe nightes blake#ch6ci ,8 affection = ! daisy has = five hundr$ ye>s caus$ _m o!r p to look ) fond] eyes ^u t fl[]4 ,,vi4 ,he /&s 9 ! front rank ( ^? :o h attempt$ to tell /ories 9 melodi\s v]se4 ,l[ell ju/ly says3 ,"o ( ! _w's ?ree or f\r great /ory-tell]s1 he 0 also "o ( ! be/ v]sifi]s t ev] made ,engli% trip & s+ ) a gayety t seems c>eless1 b :]e e foot beats "t to ! tune ( ! ?\ght4 ,illu/ration3 ,,morris ,,danc]s4,f a ,manuscript ( ,*auc]'s ,"t4 ,,vii4 ,he is ! fir/ great ,engli% au?or to feel ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance1 :i* did n until long aft]w>d culm9ate 9 ,engl&4 ,g[] has 8 lov] he> tales f a confessor 9 cloi/]$ quiet4 ,*auc] takes 8 ,pilgrims out = jolly holidays 9 ! ,april sun%9e4 ,he %[s ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance 9 8 joy 9 v>i$ life1 9 8 desire = k ( all classes ( m5 z well z ( books1 9 8 humor1 & 9 8 g5]al rea*+ out into new fields4 ,he makes u feel t he lives 9 a m]ri] ,engl&1 :]e bo? ! ,morris danc] & ! ,pilgrim may %[ _! joy 9 life4 ,:at ,*auc] did = ! ,engli% ,language4--,be=e ,*auc]'s works1 ,engli% 01 z we h se51 a language ( dialects4 ,he wrote 9 ! ,midl& dialect1 & aid$ 9 mak+ t ! language ( ,engl&4 ,l\nsbury says ( ,*auc]'s influ5ce3 ,no really national language c\ld exi/ until a lit]ature _h be5 creat$ :i* w\ld be admir$ & /udi$ by all :o c\ld read1 & tak5 z a model by all :o c\ld write4 ,x 0 only a man ( g5ius t c\ld lift up "o ( ^! dialects into a prem95ce ov] ! re/1 or c\ld ev] give to ! scatt]$ =ces exi/+ 9 any "o ( !m ! unity & vigor ( life4 ,?is 0 ! "w t ,*auc] did4 ,= ?is reason he des]ves to be call$ our fir/ mod]n ,engli% poet4 ,at fir/ sight1 8 works look f> h>d] to read ?an !y really are1 because ! spell+ has *ang$ s mu* s9ce ,*auc]'s day4 ,,summ>y ,! p]iod f ! ,norman ,conque/ to #adjj is rem>kable 7#a7 = br++ into ,engl& ,fr5* influ5ce & clos] contact ) ! cont95t2 7#b7 = ! developm5t ( 7a7 a m c5traliz$ gov]nm5t1 7b7 ! feudal sy/em & *ivalry1 7c7 bett] civil c\rts ( ju/ice & a m repres5tative gov]nm5t1 ,magna ,*>ta be+ "o ( ! /eps 9 ?is direction2 7#c7 = ! influ5ce ( religion1 ! com+ ( ! fri>s1 ! erection ( unsurpass$ ,go?ic ca!drals2 7#d7 = ! /ruggles ( ! peasants to escape _! bondage1 = a /rik+ decl9e 9 ! relative importance ( ! armor$ knight1 & = ,wycliffe's movem5t = a religi\s re=mation4 ,?is p]iod is also specially important because x gave to ,engl& a new language ( great] flexibility & p[]4 ,! old inflections1 g5d]s1 =mative prefixes1 & capability ( mak+ self-expla9+ comp\nds 7 = ! mo/ "p lo/4 ,to supply ! places ( lo/ words & to express ^? new ideas :i* came ) ! broad] exp]i5ces ( an emancipat$1 progressive nation1 _m new words 7 adopt$ f ! ,fr5* & ! ,lat94 ,:5 ! "t = lit]ature came1 ,*auc] f\nd ready = 8 p5 ! /ronge/1 s9c]e/1 & mo/ flexible language t ev] express$ a poet's ?\ght4 ,9 trac+ ! developm5t ( ! lit]ature ( ?is p]iod1 we h not$ 7#a7 ! metrical romances2 7#b7 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?'s 7,lat97 ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,brita91 & ,layamon's ,brut1 ) _! /ories ( ,le>1 ,cymbel9e & ,k+ ,ar?ur2 7#c7 ! ,ormulum1 a metrical p>aphrase ( ^? p>ts ( ! ,gospels us$ 9 *ur* s]vice2 7#d7 ! ,ancr5 ,riwle1 rem>kable = its natural eloqu5t prose & its noble e?ics1 z well z = %[+ ! developm5t ( ! language2 7#e7 ! lyrical poetry1 beg9n+ to be r$ol5t ( ! odor ( ! blossom & resonant ) ! song ( ! bird2 7#f7 ! ,h&lyng ,synne1 9 :i* we /& on ! ?re%old ( mod]n ,engli%2 7#g7 ,m&eville's ,travels1 ) its ent]ta9+ /ories2 7#h7 ,wycliffe's monum5tal translation ( ! ,bible & vigor\s religi\s prose pamphlets2 7#i7 ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ) its pictures ( homely life1 its int5se desire = high] ideals & = ! re=mation ( social & religi\s life2 7#aj7 ,g[]'s ,confessio ,amantis1 a collection ( tales ab\t love2 & 7#aa7 ,*auc]'s poetry1 :i* /&s 9 ! front rank = ! numb] ( vivid pictures ( contempor>y life1 = humor1 love ( nature1 melody1 & capacity = /ory-tell+4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ?is p]iod may be f\nd 9 ei!r ,g>d9]#dj1 ,gre51 ,l+>d1 ,walk]1 or ,*5ey4 ,volumes ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 ( ! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 edit$ by ,hunt 7,longmans71 give ! hi/ory 9 great] detail4 ,= ! social side1 consult ,traill1 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,see also ,rog]s's ,six ,c5turies ( ,"w & ,wages4 ,freeman's ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ,gre5's ,h5ry ,,ii41 & ,t\t's ,edw>d ,i4 7,twelve ,engli% ,/atesm5 ,s]ies7 are %ort & int]e/+4 ,k+sley's ,h]ew>d ! ,wake deals ) ! times ( ,william ! ,conqu]or & ,scott's ,ivanhoe ) ^? ( ,ri*>d ! ,lion-,he>t$4 ,ar*] & ,k+s=d's ,! ,/ory ( ! ,crusades1 ,cutt's ,p>i% ,prie/s & _! ,p 9 ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,engl&1 & ,juss]&'s ,engli% ,wayf>+ ,life 9 ! f\rte5? ,c5tury are good works4 ,,lit]>y ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,bradley's ,mak+ ( ,engli%4 ,s*(ield's ,engli% ,lit]ature f ! ,conque/ to ,*auc]4 ,k]'s ,epic & ,romance4 ,sa9tsbury's ,! ,fl\ri%+ ( ,romance & ! ,rise ( ,allegory4 ,lawr5ce's ,m$ieval ,/ory 7excell5t74 ,we/on's ,! ,romance ,cycle ( ,*>lemagne & 8 ,pe]s4 ,we/on's ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights4 ,maynadi]'s ,! ,ar?ur ( ! ,engli% ,poets4 ,nutt's ,! ,leg5ds ( ! ,holy ,grail4 ,juss]&'s ,pi]s ,pl[man4 ,w>r5's ,langl&'s ,vision ( ,pi]s ! ,pl[man1 ,done into ,mod]n ,prose4 ,savage's ,old ,engli% ,libr>ies4 ,s*(ield's ,*ivalry 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,snell's ,! ,age ( ,*auc]4 ,root's ,! ,poetry ( ,*auc]4 ,tuckwell's ,*auc] 7#if pp474 ,poll>d's ,*auc] 7#adb pp474 ,leg\is's ,*auc]4 ,c\lton's ,*auc] & 8 ,engl&4 ,l[ell's ,my ,/udy ,w9d[s conta9s "o ( ! be/ essays ev] writt5 on ,*auc]4 ,mackail's ,! ,spr+s ( ,helicon 7,*auc]74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,romances4--,! /ud5t w be int]e/$ 9 read+ f ,lawr5ce's ,m$ieval ,/ory1 ,*apt]s ,,iii41 ,! ,song ( ,rol&2 ,,iv41 ,! ,ar?urian ,romances2 ,v41 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,holy ,grail2 ,,vi41 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox4 ,butl]'s ,! ,song ( ,rol& 7,riv]side ,lit]ature ,s]ies7 is an ,engli% prose translation ( a popul> /ory f ! ,*>lemagne cycle4 ,sir ,gawayne & ! ,gre5 ,knight has be5 retold 9 mod]n ,engli% prose by ,j4,l4 ,we/on 7,london3 ,david ,nutt74 ,a long metrical selection f ?is romance is giv5 9 ,bronson4#da ,i41 #hc-ajj1 9 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,i41 #fj-ha1 & a prose selection 9 ,c5tury1 #ajjj-ajbb4 ,/ories f ! ,ar?urian cycle may he f\nd 9 ,newell's ,k+ ,ar?ur & ! ,table ,r\nd4 ,see also ,maynadi]'s ,! ,ar?ur ( ! ,engli% ,poets1 & ,t5nyson's ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+4 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,brita9 is translat$ 9 ,giles's ,six ,old ,engli% ,*ronicles 7,bohn ,libr>y74 ,selections f ,layamon's ,brut may be f\nd 9 ,bronson1 ,i42 ,p4 ,s42 & ,manly1 ,i4 ,:at 7 ! *ief subjects ( ! cycles ( ,romance8 ,7 !y mo/ly ( ,engli% or ,fr5* orig98 ,:at new elem5ts appe>1 n f\nd 9 ,be[ulf8 ,:i* ( ^! cycles has ! mo/ int]e/ = ,engli% read]s8 ,h[ does ?is cycle /ill influ5ce tw5tie?-c5tury ideals8 ,9 :at respect is ! romance ( ,gawayne l a s]mon8 ,:at ,%akespe>ean *>act]s does ,ge(frey ( ,monm\? introduce8 ,h[ is ,layamon's ,brut relat$ to ,ge(frey's *ronicle8 ,po9t out a lik5ess betwe5 ! ,brut & ! "w ( a ,victorian poet4 ,ormulum1 ,lyrics1 & ,rob]t ,mann+ ( ,brunne4--,selections may be f\nd 9 ,p4 ,s42 ,bronson1 ,i42 ,ox=d 7lyrics1 pp4 #a-aj72 ,manly1 ,i42 ,morris's ,specim5s ( ,e>ly ,engli%4 ,among ! lyrics1 read specially1 ,sum] is i-cum5 91 ,alys\n1 ,l5t5 ys come ) love to t\ne1 & ,bl[1 ,nor!rn ,w9d4 ,:at 0 ! purpose ( ! ,ormulum8 ,:at is its subject matt]8 ,does x %[ mu* ,fr5* influ5ce8 ,:at new appreciation ( nature d ! ?irte5?-c5tury lyrics %[8 ,po9t out at lea/ twelve def9ite concrete ref]5ces to nature 9 ,l5t5 ys come ) love to t\ne4 ,h[ _m su* ref]5ces are !re 9 ! ,cuckoo ,song8 ,:at diff]5ce d y note betwe5 ! =m ( ,rob]t ,mann+ ( ,brunne's ,h&l+ ,synne & ,anglo-,saxon poetry8 ,c y f9d an increas+ numb] ( words ( ,fr5* d]ivation 9 8 "w8 ,prose4--,manly's ,engli% ,prose1 ,morris's ,specim5s ( ,e>ly ,engli%1 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii41 ,*amb]s1 ,i41 ,craik1 ,i41 conta9 specim5s ( ! be/ prose1 includ+ ,m&eville & ,wycliffe4 ,m&eville's ,travels may be f\nd 9 mod]n ,engli% 9 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y 7#ae74 ,boswor? & ,w>+'s edition ( ! ,gospels conta9s ! ,anglo-,saxon text1 toge!r ) ! translations ( ,wycliffe & ,tyndale4 ,no4 #ajg ( ,mayn>d's ,engli% ,classics conta9s selections f bo? ,wycliffe's ,bible & ,m&eville's ,travels4 ,:at is ! subject matt] ( ! ,ancr5 ,riwle8 ,:at is ! keynote ( ! "w8 ,m5tion "s words ( ,fr5* orig9 f\nd 9 x4 ,:at is ! "* ( ,m&eville's ,travels8 ,:y 0 x s popul>8 ,9 :at does ,wycliffe's lit]>y importance consi/8 ,comp>e "s v]ses ( 8 translation ( ! ,bible ) ! #afaa v]sion4 ,pi]s ,pl[man & ,g[]4--,selections are giv5 9 ,p4 ,s42 ,bronson1 ,i42 ,w>d1 ,i42 ,*amb]s1 ,i42 & ,manly1 ,i4 ,skeat has edit$ a small edition ( ,pi]s ! ,pl[man 7,b text7 & also a l>g] edition1 entitl$ ,! ,vision ( ,william conc]n+ ,pi]s ! ,pl[man1 9 ,?ree ,p>allel ,texts4 ,g4,c4 ,macaulay has a good volume ( selections f ,g[]'s ,confessio ,amantis4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! =m ( ! v]se 9 ,pi]s ,pl[man & ,h&l+ ,synne8 ,:o is ,pi]s8 ,:o are "s ( ! o!r *>act]s 9 ! poem8 ,:at type ( life is specially describ$8 ,9 :at sort ( "w are ! labor]s engag$8 ,:y may ! au?or ( ,pi]s ,pl[man be call$ a re=m]8 ,:y 0 ,g[] undecid$ 9 :at language to write8 ,:at is ! subject matt] ( ! ,confessio ,amantis8 ,*auc]4--,read ! ,prologue & if possible also ! ,knightes ,tale 7,liddell's1 or ,morris-,skeat's1 or ,van ,dyke's1 or ,ma!r's edition74 ,good selections may be f\nd 9 ,bronson1 ,i42 ,w>d1 ,i42 ,p4 & ,s41 & ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,i4 ,skeat's ,complete ,works1 #f vols41 is ! be/ edition4 ,skeat's ,ox=d ,*auc] 9 "o volume has ! same text4 ,! ,globe ,edition ( ,*auc]1 edit$ by ,poll>d1 is also a satisfactory s+le volume edition4 ,root's ,! ,poetry ( ,*auc]1 #bib pp41 is a good ref]5ce "w 9 connection ) ! actual /udy ( ! poetry4 ,give a cle>-cut description ( ! six ( ,*auc]'s pilgrims t impress y mo/ /rongly4 ,h[ has ! ,prologue add$ to our k ( life 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury8 ,give examples ( ,*auc]'s vivid pictures4 ,:at specim5s ( 8 humor does ! ,prologue conta98 ,d any ( ,*auc]'s l9es 9 ! ,prologue %[ t ! ,re=mation _s 0 9 ! air1 or did ,wycliffe & ,langl& alone among contempor>y au?ors af=d evid5ce ( ?is _s8 ,comp>e ,*auc]'s v]se ) ,langl&'s 9 po9t ( subject matt]4 ,:at qualities 9 ,*auc] save him f ! *>ge ( cynicism :5 he alludes to human faults8 ,does ! ,prologue attempt to portray any ( ! nobl] sides ( human nature8 ,is ! ,prologue ma9ly or entirely conc]n$ ) ! p]sonality ( ! pilgrims8 ,has ,*auc] any philosophy ( life8 ,are !re any ref]5ces to ! delights ( nature8 ,note any passages t %[ special p[]s ( melody & ma/]y ov] v]se4 ,does ! poem reveal any?+ ( ,*auc]'s p]sonality8 ,9 y\r future read+ see if y c f9d ano!r ,engli% /ory-tell] 9 v]se :o c be class$ ) ,*auc]4 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,ii3 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,tempe/1 ,v41 ,i4 ,footnote #b3 ,= ! location ( all ! ,engli% ca!dral t[ns1 see ! ,lit]>y ,map1 p4 ,,xii4 ,footnote #c3 &4 ,footnote #d3 ,april4 ,footnote #e3 little4 ,footnote #f3 9 h] language4 ,footnote #g3 ,spr+4 ,footnote #h3 9 its turn4 ,footnote #i3 birds4 ,footnote #aj3 song4 ,footnote #aa3 sigh4 ,footnote #ab3 sorely4 ,footnote #ac3 call$4 ,footnote #ad3 aga9/4 ,footnote #ae3 w4 ,footnote #af3 !m4 ,footnote #ag3 array$4 ,footnote #ah3 g>m5ts4 ,footnote #ai3 %eph]d4 ,footnote #bj3 h]mit4 ,footnote #ba3 hills4 ,footnote #bb3 wond]4 ,footnote #bc3 tir$ out ) w&]+4 ,footnote #bd3 brook4 ,footnote #be3 recl9$4 ,footnote #bf3 s\nd$4 ,footnote #bg3 to make dykes or dit*es4 ,footnote #bh3 to dig4 ,footnote #bi3 to ?ra% 7d+74 ,footnote #cj3 %eaves4 ,footnote #ca3 daz$4 ,footnote #cb3 h]mit4 ,footnote #cc3 ,! ,prologue1 ,l9es #cca-cce4 ,footnote #cd3 ,! cuts ( ! ,pilgrims are f ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,ellesm]e ,,ms4 ( ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,footnotes #ce-cf3 ,knightes ,tale4 ,footnote #cg3 ,tru?3 ,balade de bon ,conseyl4 ,footnote #ch3 black4 ,footnote #ci3 ,! ,p>lem5t ( ,f\les4 ,footnote #dj3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #ej4 ,footnote #da3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,iii3 ,,f ,,*auc]',s ,,dea?1 #adjj1 ,,to ,,! ,,accession ,,( ,,elizabe?1 #aeeh ,! ,c\rse ( ,engli% ,hi/ory4--,! c5tury & a half t foll[$ ! dea? ( ,*auc] appeal$ especially to ,%akespe>e4 ,he wrote or help$ to edit five plays t deal ) ?is p]iod1--,h5ry ,,iv41 ,h5ry ,v41 ,h5ry ,,vi41 ,ri*>d ,,iii41 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,:ile ^! plays d n give an absolutely accurate pres5tation ( ! hi/ory ( ! "t1 !y %[ r>e sympa?y 9 cat*+ ! _s ( ! age1 & !y leave _m unusually vivid impressions4 ,h5ry ,,iv4 7#acii-adac71 a desc5dant ( ,john ( ,gaunt1 ,duke ( ,lanca/]1 "o ( ! y\ng] sons ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 & !re=e n 9 ! direct l9e ( succession1 0 ! fir/ ,engli% k+ :o ow$ 8 cr[n entirely to ,p>liam5t4 ,h5ry's reign 0 di/urb$ by ! revolt ( nobles & by conte/s ) ! ,wel%4 ,%akespe>e gives a pa!tic picture ( ! k+ call+ 9 va9 = sleep1 nature's tir$ nurse1 & exclaim+3-- ,uneasy lies ! head t we>s a cr[n4 ,h5ry ,v4 7#adac-adbb7 is "o ( ,%akespe>e's romantic *>act]s4 ,! "y k+ r5ew$ ! ,fr5* w>1 :i* _h brok5 out 9 #accg & :i* lat] became kn[n z ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,by 8 victory ov] ! ,fr5* at ,ag9c\rt 7#adae71 he made himself a national h]o4 ,%akespe>e has him say3-- ,i ?\ght ^u "o pair ( ,engli% legs ,did m>* ?ree ,fr5*m54 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 7#adbb-adfa71 ,joan ( ,arc appe>$ & sav$ ,france4 ,! sett+ aside ( ! direct succession 9 ! case ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 0 a pretext = ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses 7#adee-adhe7 to settle ! royal claims ( diff]5t desc5dants ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,:ile ?is w> did n greatly di/urb ! common p1 x occupi$ ! att5tion ( ^? :o might h be5 patrons ( lit]ature4 ,ne>ly all ! nobles 7 kill$ dur+ ?is prolong$ conte/2 h5ce :5 ,h5ry ,,vii4 7#adhe-aeji71 ! fir/ ( ! ,tudor l9e ( mon>*s1 came to ! ?rone1 !re 7 no p[]ful nobles ) _! reta9]s to hold ! k+ 9 *eck4 ,he gave a /rong c5traliz$ gov]nm5t to ,engl&4 ,! p]iod foll[+ ,*auc]'s dea? op5s ) religi\s p]secution4 ,9 #adja ! fir/ ,engli%man 0 burn$ at ! /ake = 8 religi\s fai?4 ,f ?is "t ! exp5ses ( burn+ h]etics are sometimes f\nd 9 ! regul> acc\nts ( cities & bor\ghs4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 7#aeji-aedg7 broke ) ! ,pope1 dissolv$ ! mona/]ies1 proclaim$ himself head ( ! *ur*1 & all[$ ! laity to read ! ,bible1 b insi/$ on reta9+ _m ( ! old beliefs4 ,9 ,g]many1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r 7#adhc-aedf7 0 9 ! same age issu+ 8 fam\s prote/s aga9/ religi\s abuses4 ,edw>d ,,vi4 7#aedg-aeec7 esp\s$ ! ,prote/ant cause4 ,an ord] 0 giv5 to introduce into all ! *ur*es an ,engli% pray] book1 :i* 0 n v diff]5t f t 9 use to-day 9 ! ,episcopal *ur*es4 ,m>y 7#aeec-aeeh7 s\ght ! aid ( fagots & ! /ake to br+ ! nation back to ! old beliefs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,viii4 ,,giv+ ,,bibles ,,to ,,cl]gy ,,& ,,laity4 ,f frontispiece to ,cov]dale ,bible4 ,:ile ?is p]iod did n produce a s+le great poet or a /atesman ( ! fir/ rank1 x witness$ ! de/ruction ( ! majority ( ! nobility 9 ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 ! increase ( ! k+'s p[]1 ! decl9e ( feudalism1 ! f9al ov]?r[ ( ! knight by ! yeoman ) 8 long b[ at ,ag9c\rt7#adae71 ! fre$om ( ! s]f1 & ! gr[? ( manufactures1 especially ( wool4 ,engli% trad+ vessels began to displace ev5 ! %ips ( ,v5ice4 ,9 spite ( ! religi\s p]secution ) :i* ! p]iod began & end$1 !re 0 a rem>kable *ange 9 religi\s belief1 ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies & ! subord9ation ( *ur* to /ate be+ /rik+ evid5ces ( ?is *ange4 ,an ev5t t _h f>-rea*+ consequ5ces on lit]ature & life 0 ! act ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 9 ord]+ a translation ( ! ,bible to be plac$ 9 e p>i% *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,! dea? ( ,m>y may 9 a measure be said to indicate ! beg9n+ ( mod]n times4 ,contra/ betwe5 ! ,_s ( ! ,r5aissance & ( ! ,middle ,ages4--,"o ( ! mo/ important intellectual movem5ts ( ! _w is kn[n z ! ,r5aissance or ,revival ( ,le>n+4 ,?is movem5t began 9 ,italy ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & spread sl[ly we/w>d4 ,:ile ,*auc]'s travels 9 ,italy2 & 8 e>ly contact ) ?is new influ5ce are reflect$ 9 8 "w1 yet ! ,r5aissance did n rea* its z5i? 9 ,engl& until ! "t ( ,%akespe>e4 ,?is new epo* foll[$ a long p]iod1 kn[n z ! ,middle ages1 :5 le>n+ 0 mo/ly conf9$ to ! *ur*1 :5 ?\s&s ( ! be/ m9ds retir$ to ! cloi/]s1 :5 _m que/ions1 l ^? ( ! revolution ( ! sun ar\nd ! e>? or ! cause ( disease1 7 det]m9$1 n by obs]vation & sci5tific pro(1 b by ! ass]tion ( ^? 9 spiritual au?ority4 ,!n1 sci5tific inve/igators1 l ,rog] ,bacon1 7 ?\ght to be 9 league ) ! devil & 7 ?r[n into prison4 ,9 #abeh ,dante's tutor visit$ ,rog] ,bacon1 &1 aft] see+ 8 exp]im5ts ) ! m>9]'s compass1 wrote to an ,italian fri5d3-- ,?is discov]y s useful to all :o travel by sea1 mu/ rema9 conceal$ until o!r times1 because no m>9] d>e use x1 le/ he fall "u imputation ( be+ a magician1 nor w\ld sailors put to sea ) "o :o c>ri$ an in/rum5t s evid5tly con/ruct$ by ! devil4 ,symonds says3 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 man _h liv$ envelop$ 9 a c[l4 ,he _h n se5 ! beauty ( ! _w1 or _h se5 x only to cross himself & turn aside1 to tell 8 beads & pray4 ,be=e ! ,r5aissance1 ! t5d5cy 0 to reg>d ) contempt m]e que/ions ( e>?ly progress & enjoym5t1 because !y 7 consid]$ unimportant 9 comp>ison ) ! et]nal future ( ! s\l4 ,x 0 n believ$ t beauty1 art1 & lit]ature might play a "p 9 sav+ s\ls4 ,! ,s*oolm5 ( ! ,middle ,ages (t5 discuss$ su* subjects z ^!3 :e!r ! f9ite c compreh5d ! inf9ite at any po9t1 s9ce ! inf9ite c h no f9ite po9ts2 :e!r ,god c make a :eel revolve & be /ation>y at ! same "t2 :e!r all *ildr5 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce are mascul9e4 ,su* debates made rem>kable !ologians & metaphysicians1 develop$ precision 9 def9+ t]ms1 accuracy 9 apply+ ! rules ( d$uctive logic1 & flu5cy 9 expression4 ,z a result1 lat] sci5ti/s 7 able to reason m accurately & express !mselves ) great] facility4 ,! *ief fault ( ! /udies ( ! ,middle ,ages consi/$ 9 neglect+ ! ext]nal _w ( concrete fact4 ,! discussions ( ! ,s*oolm5 w\ld nev] h introduc$ pr9t+ or inv5t$ ! m>9]'s compass or develop$ any ( ! sci5ces t h revolutioniz$ life4 ,! com+ ( ! ,r5aissance op5$ av5ues ( le>n+ outside ( ! *ur*1 int]e/$ m5 9 manifold que/ions relat+ to ?is _w1 caus$ a dem& = sci5tific inve/igation & pro(1 & made increas+ numb]s seek = joy 9 ?is life z well z 9 t to come4 ,causes & ,effects ( ! ,r5aissance4--,"s ( ! causes ( ?is new movem5t 7 ! we>9ess ( human be+s ) _! lack ( progress1 _! dissatisfaction ) ! l[ e/imate ( ! value ( ?is life1 & _! ye>n+ = full] expansion ( ! s\l1 = m k & joy on ?is side ( ! grave4 ,ano!r cause 0 ! influ5ce ( ,greek lit]ature newly discov]$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by ! we/]n _w4 ,9 #adbc an ,italian s*ol> br\ght #bch ,greek manuscripts to ,italy4 ,9 #adec ! ,turks captur$ ,con/ant9ople1 ! capital ( ! ,ea/]n ,roman ,empire & ! headqu>t]s ( ,grecian le>n+4 ,because ( ! remot5ess ( ?is capital1 ,engli% lit]ature _h n be5 greatly influ5c$ by ,greece4 ,:5 ,con/ant9ople fell1 _m ( h] s*ol>s w5t to ,italy1 tak+ ) !m preci\s ,grecian manuscripts4 ,z ,engli%m5 (t5 visit$ ,italy1 !y soon began to /udy ,grecian ma/]pieces1 & to fall "u ! spell ( ,hom] & ! ,a!nian dramati/s4 ,! r5ew$ /udy ( ,greek & ,lat9 classics /imulat$ a long+ = ! beautiful 9 art & lit]ature4 ,f\rte5?-c5tury ,italian writ]s1 l ,petr>* & ,boccaccio1 f\nd increas+ int]e/ 9 _! "w4 ,sixte5?-c5tury arti/s1 su* z ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,raphael %[ _! magnific5t response to a _w t _h already be5 born aga94 ,_m ( ! o!r s-call$ causes ( ! ,r5aissance %\ld /rictly be consid]$ its effects4 ,! application ( ! mod]n !ory ( ! sol> sy/em1 ! desire = exploration1 ! use ( ! m>9]'s compass1 ! inv5tion & spread ( pr9t+1 7 m effects ( ! new movem5t ?an its causes4 ,sir ,?omas ,m 7#adgh-aece71 inspir$ by ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance1 wrote 9 ,lat9 a rem>kable book call$ ,utopia 7#aeaf71 :i* pres5ts _m new social ideals4 ,9 ! l& ( ,utopia1 society does n make crim9als & !n puni% !m = crime4 ,e "o wor%ips z he pleases4 ,only a few h\rs ( "w a day are necess>y1 & all f9d g5u9e pleasure 9 t4 ,9 ,utopia life is giv5 to be a joy4 ,no advantage is tak5 ( ! weak or ! un=tunate4 ,tw5tie?-c5tury dreams ( social ju/ice are n m vivid & absorb+ ?an ,sir ,?omas ,m's4 ,x is pleasant to ?9k t ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* 9 #ahhf add$ to h] li/ ( sa9ts ?is lovable man1 m>tyr to fai? & fre$om4 ,:5 ! full influ5ces ( ! ,r5aissance rea*$ ,engl&1 ,%akespe>e answ]$ _! call1 & 8 own creations surpass ! *ildr5 ( ,utopia4 ,! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+4--,9 #acdd1 ab\t ! "t ( ,*auc]'s bir?1 a ,bible 9 manuscript co/ z mu* z ?ree ox54 ,a c5tury lat] an am\nt equal to ! wages ( a workman = #bff days 0 paid = a manuscript ,bible4 ,at ?is "t a book on a/ronomy co/ z mu* z #hjj p\nds ( butt]4 ,"o page ( a manuscript book co/ ! equival5t ( f a doll> to a doll> & a half to-day4 ,:5 a memb] ( ! ,m$ici family 9 ,flor5ce desir$ a libr>y1 he s5t = a book contractor1 :o secur$ =ty-five copyi/s4 ,by rigor\s "w = ne>ly two ye>s !y produc$ two hundr$ volumes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,book ,,illu/ration1 ,,e>ly ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ag5cies ( ! ,r5aissance 0 ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 :i* multipli$ books indef9itely & made !m comp>atively *eap4 ,p 7 alive ) newly awak5$ curiosity1 & !y read books to le>n m ( ! exp&+ _w4 ,ab\t #adgg ,william ,caxton1 :o _h set up 8 press at ! ,almonry1 ne> ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 pr9t$ ! fir/ book 9 ,engl&1 ,! ,dictes & ,notable ,wi% ,say+s ( ! ,philosoph]s4 ,among fully a hundr$ diff]5t volumes t he pr9t$ 7 ,*auc]'s ,cant]bury ,tales1 ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur1 & an ,engli% translation ( ,v]gil's ,a,eneid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,caxton',s ,,adv]tisem5t ,,( ,,8 ,,books4 ,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d4 ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur4--,! greate/ prose "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 complet$ 9 #adgj by a man :o /yles himself ,sir ,?omas ,malory1 ,knight4 ,we "k no?+ ( ! au?or's life2 b he has left z a monum5t a great prose epic ( ! de$s ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,f ! v>i\s ,fr5* leg5ds conc]n+ ,k+ ,ar?ur1 ,malory select$ 8 mat]ials & fa%ion$ ?an into ! complete/ ,ar?uriad t we possess4 ,:ile 8 "w _c be call$ orig9al1 he display$ r>e arti/ic p[] 9 arrang+1 abridg+1 & select+ ! v>i\s p>ts f diff]5t ,fr5* works4 ,malory's prose is rem>kably simple & direct4 ,ev5 9 ! impressive sc5e :]e ,sir ,b$iv]e ?r[s ! dy+ ,k+ ,ar?ur's sword into ! sea1 ! language tells ! /ory simply & %[s no /ra9+ aft] effect3-- ,& !n he ?rew ! sword z f> into ! wat] z he might1 & !re came an arm & an h& above ! wat]1 & met x1 & caught x1 & s %ook x ?rice & br&i%$1 & !n vani%$ away ! h& ) ! sword 9 ! wat]444 ',n[ put me into ! b>ge1' said ! k+2 & s he did s(tly4 ,& !re receiv$ him ?ree que5s ) great m\rn+1 & s !y set him d[n1 & 9 "o ( _! laps ,k+ ,ar?ur laid 8 head1 & !n t que5 said1 ',ah1 de> bro!r1 :y h ye t>ri$ s long f me8' ,aft] ! dusky b>ge has borne ,ar?ur away f mortal sight1 ,malory writes3 ,"h 9 ?is _w he *ang$ 8 life4 ,a c5tury be=e1 ,*auc] _h ) equal simplicity voic$ ! ,saxon fai?3-- ,8 _s *aung$ h\s4#a ,sometimes ?is prose n>rative1 9 its cond5sation & expression ( feel+1 %[s some?+ ( ! poetic _s4 ,:5 ! damsel on ! :ite palfrey sees t h] knightly lov] has be5 kill$1 %e cries3-- ,o ,bal96 two bodies ha/ ?\ sla9 & "o he>t1 & two he>ts 9 "o body1 & two s\ls ?\ ha/ lo/4' ,& !re) %e took ! sword f h] love t lay dead1 & z %e took x1 %e fell to ! gr\nd 9 a swoon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,malory',s ,,morte ,d',,ar?ur4 ,f ,de ,worde's ,ed41 #aebi4 ,malory's "w1 r ?an ,layamon's ,brut1 has be5 ! /oreh\se to :i* lat] poets h turn$4 ,_m n9ete5?-c5tury poets are indebt$ to ,malory4 ,t5nyson's ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 ,mat!w ,arnold's ,dea? ( ,tri/ram1 ,sw9burne's ,tri/ram ( ,lyonesse1 & ,william ,morris's ,def5se ( ,gu9ev]e 7 inspir$ by ! ,morte d',ar?ur4 ,few ,engli% prose works h _h m influ5ce on ! poetry ( ! ,victorian age4 ,scotti% ,poetry4--,! be/ poetry ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 writt5 9 ! ,nor!rn dialect1 :i* 0 spok5 nor? ( ! riv] ,humb]4 ,?is language 0 j z mu* ,engli% z ! ,midl& tongue 9 :i* ,*auc] wrote4 ,n until ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ?is dialect call$ ,scot*4 ,james ,i4 ( ,scotl& 7#adjf-adcg7 sp5t n9ete5 ye>s ( 8 y\? z a prison] 9 ,engl&4 ,dur+ 8 captivity 9 ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 he fell 9 love ) a maid51 se5 at h] orisons 9 ! g>d51 & wrote a poem1 call$ ! ,k+'s ,quair1 to tell ! /ory ( 8 love4 ,al?\gh ! ,k+'s ,quair is sugge/ive ( ,! ,knightes ,tale1 & inde$ owes mu* to ,*auc]1 x is a poetic record ( g5u9e & successful love4 ,^! f\r l9es f ! spr+ song %[ real feel+ = nature3-- ,wor%ippe1 ye t lov]s be1 ?is ,may1 ,= ( y\r bliss ! kal5ds are begun1 ,& s+ ) u1 ',away1 ,w9t]1 away1 ,come1 ,summ]1 come1 ! sweet season & sun6' ,mu* ( ?is ,scot* poetry is rem>kable = %[+ 9 t e>ly age a g5u9e love ( nature4 ,*anges are n rung on "s typical l&scape1 copi$ f an ,italian v]sifi]4 ,! ,nor!rn poet _h 8 eye fix$ on ! sc5]y & ! sky ( ,scotl&4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 ,rob]t ,h5ryson1 a tea*] 9 ,dunf]ml9e1 wrote4-- ,! nor?9 w9d _h purifyit ! air ,& s*$ ! mi/y cl\dis fra ! sky4#b ,?is may lack ! magic ( ,%elley's rhy?m1 b ! feel+ = nature is z g5u9e z 9 ! lat] poet's l9es3-- ,= aft] ! ra9 :51 ) nev] a /a9 ,! pavilion ( heav5 is b>e4#c ,william ,dunb>1 ! greate/ poet ( ?is gr\p1 :o liv$ 9 ! la/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 a lov+ /ud5t ( ! nature t greet$ him 9 8 nor?l&4 ,no ,italian poet1 z he w&]$ beside a brook1 w\ld h ?\ght ( a simile l ?is3-- ,! /ons cle> z />s 9 fro/y night4#d ,dunb> takes u ) him on a fre% spr+ morn+1 :]e-- ,enamell$ 0 ! field ) all colors1 ,! pe>ly dropps %ook 9 silv] %[]s1#e :]e we c he> ! mat9 song ( ! birds hopp+ among ! buds1 :ile-- ,up rose ! l>k1 ! heav5's m9/rel f9e4#f ,bo? ,dunb> & ,gawa9 ,d\glas 7#adgd8-aebb71 ! son ( a ,scot* nobleman1 _h ke5 eyes = all color+ 9 sky1 leaf1 & fl[]4 ,9 "o l9e ,dunb> calls our att5tion to ^! v>i$ pat*es ( color 9 a ,scot* g>d53 purple1 azure1 gold1 & guls r$4 ,9 ! v]ses ( ,d\glas we see ! purple /reaks ( ! morn+1 ! blui%-gray1 blood-r$1 fawn-yell[1 gold51 & freckl$ r$ & :ite fl[]s1 &-- ,"s wat]y-hu$1 z ! blue wavy sea4#g ,outside ! pages ( ,%akespe>e1 we %all = ! next two hundr$ ye>s look 9 va9 = s g5u9e a love ( sc5]y & natural ph5om5a z we f9d 9 fifte5?-c5tury ,scotti% poetry4 ,^! poets obta9$ _m ( _! images ( nature at fir/ h&1 an a*ievem5t r>e 9 any age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,title ,,page ,,( ,,rob9 ,,hood4 ,songs = ,man or ,woman1 ( ,all ,sizes4--,:5 ,%akespe>e %[s u ,autolycus (f]+ su* songs at a ru/ic fe/ival1#h ! great poet emphasizes ! fondness = ! ballad :i* _h = a long "t be5 develop+ a ta/e = poetry4 ,:ile x is difficult to assign exact dates to ! composition ( _m ballads1 we "k t !y fl\ri%$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 !n z mu* priz$ z ! novel is n[1 & l x !y _h a /ory to tell4 ,! v]se 0 (t5 halt+1 b x succe$$ 9 convey+ to ! he>] tales ( love1 ( adv5ture1 & ( my/]y4 ,^! ballads 7 sometimes t+$ ) pa?os2 b !re 0 an en]gy 9 ! rude l9es t made ! he>t beat fa/] & (t5 /irr$ li/5]s to f9d 9 a dance an outlet = _! emotions4 ,ev5 n[1 ) all ! poetry ( c5turies f :i* to *oose1 x is refre%+ to turn to a ,rob9 ,hood ballad & look ^u ! gre5sw>d1 he> ! ru/le ( ! leaves 9 ,nott+ham =e/1 & foll[ ! adv5tures ( ! h]o4 ,we read ! op5+ l9es3-- ,!re are twelve mon?s 9 all ! ye>1 ,z ,i he> _m say1 ,b ! m]rie/ mon? 9 all ! ye> ,is ! m]ry mon? ( ,may4 ,n[ ,rob9 ,hood is to ,nott+ham gone1 ,) a l9k a d[n1 & a day1 ,& !re he met a silly old woman ,0 weep+ on ! way4 ,( our own accord we f9i% ! ballad to see :e!r ,rob9 ,hood rescu$ h] sons1 :o 7 condemn$ to dea? = %oot+ ! fall[ de]4 ,! ballad ( ! ,nut-,br[n ,maid has "s t\*es t are almo/ ,%akespe>ean4 ,"s ( ! c>ols ( ! fifte5? c5tury give a =eta/e ( ! ,elizabe?an song4 ,"o c>ol on ! bir? ( ! ,*ri/-*ild conta9s /anzas l ^!1 :i* %[ arti/ic workman%ip1 imag9ative p[]1 &1 above all1 r>e lyrical beauty3-- ,he cam also /ylle to 8 mod]es b[r1 ,z dew 9 ,aprille t ,fallyt on ! fl\r4 ,he cam also /ylle !r 8 mod] lay1 ,z dew 9 ,aprille t fallyt on ! spray#i ,we saw t ! ,engli% tongue dur+ its p]iod ( exclusion f ! ,norman c\rt ga9$ /r5g? f com+ 9 su* close contact ) life4 ,al?\gh ! high] types ( poetry 7 = ! mo/ "p want+ dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury1 yet ! ballads multipli$ & sang _! songs to ! e> ( life4 ,critics may say t ! rude /anzas seldom so> f> f ! gr\nd1 b we are aga9 rem9d$ ( ! inv9cible /r5g? ( ,antaeus s long z he kept close to 8 "m e>?4 ,engli% poetry is s great because x has n )drawn f life1 because x 0 nurtur$ 9 su* a cradle4 ,:5 ,%akespe>e wrote 8 plays1 he f\nd an audi5ce to und]/& & to appreciate !m4 ,n only ^? :o occupi$ ! boxes1 b also ^? :o /ood 9 ! pit1 li/5$ intellig5tly to 8 dramatic /ories4 ,! ballad _h play$ its "p 9 tea*+ ! humble/ home to love poetry4 ,^! rude fireside songs 7 no mean factors 9 prep>+ ! nation to welcome ,%akespe>e4 ,william ,tyndale1 #adij8-aecf4--,! ,re=mation 0 ano!r mighty influ5ce1 work+ side by side ) all ! o!r =ces to effect a la/+ *ange 9 ,engli% hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r 0 electrify+ ,g]many ) 8 dem&s = *ur* re=mation4 ,9 ord] to decide :i* religi\s p>ty 0 9 ! "r1 !re arose a desire = m k ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! language _h *ang$ mu* s9ce ,wycliffe's translation ( ! ,bible1 &1 besides1 ?is 0 accessible only 9 manuscript4 ,william ,tyndale1 a cl]gyman & an excell5t l+ui/1 :o _h be5 educat$ at bo? ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 conceiv$ ! idea ( giv+ ! ,engli% p ! ,bible 9 _! own tongue4 ,z he f\nd t he c\ld n translate & pr9t ! ,bible ) safety 9 ,engl&1 he w5t to ! cont95t1 :]e ) ! help ( fri5ds he made ! translation & _h x pr9t$4 ,he 0 =c$ to move frequ5tly f place to place1 & 0 f9ally betray$ 9 8 hid+ place ne> ,brussels4 ,aft] eighte5 mon?s' imprisonm5t )\t p5 or books1 he 0 /rangl$ & 8 body 0 burn$ at ! /ake4 ,( 8 translation1 ,brooke says3 ,x 0 ?is ,bible :i*1 revis$ by ,cov]dale1 & edit$ & redit$ z ,cromwell's ,bible1 #aeci1 & aga9 z ,cranm]'s ,bible1 #aedj1 0 set up 9 e p>i% *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,x got nor? into ,scotl& & made ! ,l[l& ,engli% m l ! ,london ,engli%4 ,x pass$ ov] into ! ,prote/ant settlem5ts 9 ,irel&4 ,aft] its revival 9 #afaa x w5t ) ! ,puritan ,fa!rs to ,new ,engl& & fix$ ! /&>d ( ,engli% 9 ,am]ica4 ,_m millions ( p n[ speak ! ,engli% ( ,tyndale's ,bible1 & !re is no o!r book :i* has _h1 ?r\gh ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 s great an influ5ce on ! /yle ( ,engli% lit]ature & on ! /&>d ( ,engli% prose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,tyndale4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,! foll[+ v]ses f ,tyndale's v]sion %[ its simplicity directness1 & simil>ity to ! pres5t v]sion3-- ,jesus sayde unto h]1 ,?y bro!r %all ryse agayne4 ,m>?a sayde unto hym1 ,i kn[e wele1 he %all ryse agayne 9 ! resurreccion att ! la/ day4 ,jesus sayde unto h]1 ,i am ! resurreccion & lyfe2 :osoev] beleve? on me1 ye1 ?\gh he 7 de$1 yet %all he lyve4 ,italian ,influ5ce3 ,wyatt & ,surrey4--,dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 7#aeji-aedg71 ! influ5ce ( ,italian poetry made itself di/9ctly felt4 ,! roots ( ,elizabe?an poetry 7 wat]$ by _m f\nta9s1 "o ( ! *ief ( :i* fl[$ f ,italian soil4 ,to ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt 7#aejc-aedb7 & to ! ,e>l ( ,surrey 7#aeag-aedg7 belongs ! cr$it ( introduc+ f ,italian s\rces new influ5ces1 :i* help$ to remodel ,engli% poetry & give x a di/9ctly mod]n ca/4 ,^! poets 7 ! fir/ to introduce ! sonnet1 :i* ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 & ,wordswor? employ$ ) su* p[] 9 aft] times4 ,blank v]se 0 fir/ us$ 9 ,engl& by ! ,e>l ( ,surrey1 :o translat$ a portion ( ,v]gil's ,a,eneid into t measure4 ,:5 ,%akespe>e took up 8 p51 he f\nd t vehicle ( poetic expression ready = 8 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyatt4,aft] ,holbe94 ,wyatt & ,surrey adopt$ ,italian subject matt] z well z =m4 ,!y introduc$ ! poetry ( ! amori/s1 t is1 v]se :i* tells ( ! woes & joys ( a lov]4 ,we f9d ,%akespe>e 9 8 ,sonnets turn+ to ?is subject1 :i* he made z broad & deep z life4 ,9 #aeeg1 ! ye> be=e ,elizabe?'s accession1 ! poems ( ,wyatt & ,surrey appe>$ 9 ,tottel's ,miscellany1 "o ( ! e>lie/ pr9t$ collections ( mod]n ,engli% poetry4 ,,summ>y ,! fir/ "p ( ! c5tury & a half foll[+ ! dea? ( ,*auc] saw w> ) ,france & ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 9 :i* mo/ ( ! nobles 7 kill$4 ,! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 & 8 successors 9 ! ,tudor l9e %[s ! increas$ influ5ce ( ! cr[n1 fre$ f ! re/ra9t ( ! p[]ful lords4 ,! p]iod witness$ ! pass+ ( s]fdom & ! ext5sion ( trade & manufactures4 ,! *anges 9 religi\s views 7 f>-rea*+4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 sup]s$$ ! ,pope z head ( ! ,engli% *ur*1 dissolv$ ! mona/]ies1 & plac$ an ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible 9 ! *ur*es4 ,h5ry's son & successor ,edw>d ,,vi41 e/abli%$ ! ,prote/ant =m ( wor%ip1 b 8 half-si/] ,m>y us$ p]secution 9 an endeavor to br+ back ! old fai?4 ,! influ5ces ( ! ,r5aissance1 mov+ we/w>d f ,italy1 7 t5d+ t[>d _! culm9ation 9 ! next p]iod4 ,! /udy ( ,greek lit]ature1 ! discov]y ( ! new _w1 ! decl9e ( feudalism1 ! ov]?r[ ( ! arm$ knight1 ! ext5sion ( ! use ( gunp[d]1 ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! increas$ love ( le>n+1 ! dem& = sci5tific inve/igation1 ! decl9e ( mona/ic influ5ce1 %[n 9 ! new int]e/ 9 ?is f9ite _w & life1--all figur$ z causes or effects ( ! new influ5ce4 ,! mo/ important prose works are ,sir ,?omas ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur1 a ma/]ly retell+ ( ! ,ar?urian leg5ds2 ,sir ,?omas ,m's ,utopia1 a magnific5t ,r5aissance dream ( a new social _w2 & ,tyndale's translation ( ! ,bible4 ,! be/ poetry 0 writt5 9 ,scotl&1 & ?is v]se anticipates 9 "s measure t love ( nature :i* is a dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! la/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! age is not$ = its ballads1 :i* aid$ 9 develop+ among high & l[ a lik+ = poetry4 ,at ! close ( ! p]iod1 we f9d ,italian influ5ces at "w1 z may be se5 9 ! v]se ( ,wyatt & ,surrey4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ?is p]iod may be f\nd 9 ei!r ,g>d9]1#aj ,gre51 ,l+>d1 ,walk]1 or ,*5ey4 ,vols4 ,,iv4 & ,v4 ( ,! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 edit$ by ,hunt 7,longmans71 gives ! hi/ory 9 great] detail4 ,= ! social side1 consult ,traill's ,social ,engl&1 ,vols4 ,,ii4 & ,,iii41 also ,*5ey's ,indu/rial & ,social ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,field's ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,r5aissance1 ,e9/e9's ,! ,italian ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&1 ,symonds's ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,snell's ,! ,age ( ,transition1 #adjj-aehj4 ,morley's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vols4 ,,vi4 & ,,vii4 ,m9to's ,*>act]i/ics ( ,engli% ,poets1 pp4 #fi-acj4 ,sa9tsbury's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 pp4 #aeg-bah4 ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography1 articles on ,malory1 ,caxton1 ,h5ryson1 ,gawa9 ,d\glas1 ,dunb>1 ,tyndale1 ,wyatt1 & ,surrey4 ,veit*'s ,! ,feel+ = ,nature 9 ,scotti% ,poetry4 ,p]cy's ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,engli% ,poetry4 ,gumm]e's ,old ,engli% ,ballads4 ,*ild's ,! ,engli% & ,scot* ,popul> ,ballads4 ,coll9s's ,greek ,influ5ce on ,engli% ,poetry4 ,tuck]'s ,! ,=eign ,debt ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,malory4--,craik1#aa ,c5tury1 #ai-cc2 ,swiggett's ,selections f ,malory2 ,wragg's ,selections f ,malory1--all conta9 good selections4 ,! ,globe ,edition is an inexp5sive s+le volume conta9+ ! complete text4 ,! be/ edition is a reproduction ( ! orig9al 9 ?ree volumes ) introductions by ,osc> ,somm] & ,&rew ,lang 7,london3 ,david ,nutt74 ,h[>d ,pyle has retold ,malory's be/ /ories 9 simple =m 7,scribn]74 ,comp>e ! dea? 7or pass+7 ( ,ar?ur 9 ,malory ) ,t5nyson's ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur4 ,:at special dualities d y notice 9 ! mann] ( ,malory's tell+ a /ory8 ,is 8 "w orig9al8 ,:y has x rema9$ s popul>8 ,:at age specially %[s its influ5ce8 ,m4--,! ,engli% translation ( ! ,utopia may be f\nd entire 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y 7#ce74 ,!re are good selections 9 ,craik1 ,i41 #afb-afg4 ,:at is ! etymological mean+ ( ,utopia8 ,:at is its mod]n significance8 ,did ,m really give a new ^w to lit]ature & spee*8 ,! ,utopia %\ld be read = an indication ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance & = comp>ison ) tw5tie?-c5tury ideas ( social improvem5t4 ,tyndale4--,boswor? & ,w>+'s ,gospels1 conta9+ ! ,anglo-,saxon1 ,wycliffe1 & ,tyndale v]sions4 ,specim5s ( ,tyndale's prose are giv5 9 ,*amb]s1 ,i41 #acj2 ,craik1 ,i41 #ahe-ahg4 ,:y is ,tyndale's translation ( ! ,bible important to ! /ud5t ( lit]ature8 ,:at are "s special dualities ( ?is translation8 ,e>ly ,scotti% ,poetry4--,selections f fifte5?-c5tury ,scotti% poetry may be f\nd 9 ,bronson1 ,i1 #agj-aig2 ,w>d1 ,i1 passim2 ,p4 ,s41 #bdf-bgg2 ,ox=d1 #af-cc4 ,f ! ,k+'s ,quair & ! poems ( ,h5ryson1 ,dunb>1 & ,gawa9 ,d\glas1 select passages t %[ fir/-h& intimacy ) nature4 ,comp>e ^! ) l9es f any poet ^: k ( nature seems to y to be acquir$ f books4 ,ballads4--,w>d4 ,i41 passim1 conta9s among o!rs ?ree excell5t ballads1--,sir ,patrick ,sp5s1 ,! ,twa ,corbies1 ,rob9 ,hood ,rescu+ ! ,wid['s ,?ree ,sons4 ,bronson1 ,i41 #bjc-bed2 ,p4 ,s41 #bhb-cja2 ,ox=d1 #cc-ea2 & ,mayn>d's ,engli% ,classics1 ,no4 #if1 ,e>ly ,engli% ,ballads also h good selections4 ,! be/ collection is ,*ild's ,! ,engli% & ,scot* ,popul> ,ballads1 #e vols4 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! old ballads8 ,:y d !y int]e/ u today8 ,:i* ( ^? indicat$ = read+ has prov$ mo/ int]e/+8 ,:at influ5ce impossible = o!r =ms ( lit]ature1 0 ex]t$ by ! ballad8 ,:at did ,autolycus mean 7,w9t]'s ,tale1 ,,iv41 #d7 :5 he (f]$ songs = man or woman1 ( all sizes8 ,h any ballads be5 writt5 9 rec5t times8 ,wyatt & ,surrey4--,read two *>act]i/ic love sonnets by ,wyatt & ,surrey1 ,p4 ,s41 #cac-cai2 ,w>d1 ,i41 #bea1 #beg2 ,bronson1 ,,ii41 #a-d4 ,a specim5 ( ! fir/ ,engli% blank v]se employ$ by ,surrey 9 translat+ ,v]gil's1 ,a,eneid is giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,ii41 #d1 #e2 9 ,p4 ,s41 #cbb1 #cbc2 & ,*amb]s1 ,i41 #afb4 ,:y are ,wyatt & ,surrey call$ am\ri/s8 ,:at contributions did !y make to ! =m ( ,engli% v]se8 ,:at =eign influ5ces did !y help to u%] 98 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iii3 ,footnote #a3 ,knightes ,tale4 ,footnote #b3 ,te/am5t ( ,cresseid4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,cl\d4 ,footnotes #d-f3 ,! ,gold5 ,t>ge4 ,footnote #g3 ,prologue to ,a,eneid1 ,book ,,xii4 ,footnote #h3 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 ,,iv41 #d4 ,footnote #i3 ,wright's ,songs & ,c>ols ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 p4 #cj4 ,footnote #aj3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #ej4 ,footnote #aa3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,iv3 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,elizabe?1 #aeeh-afjc ,! ,reign ( ,elizabe?4--,que5 ,elizabe?1 :o ranks among ! greate/ ( ! _w's rul]s1 0 ! daught] ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 second wife ,anne ,boleyn4 ,elizabe? reign$ z que5 ( ,engl& f #aeeh until h] dea? 9 #afjc4 ,! rem>kable all[ances :i* %e made = diff]5ce ( op9ion %[$ t %e felt ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,%e lov$ ,engl&1 & h] mo/ important acts 7 guid$1 n by selfi% p]sonal motives1 b by a /rong desire to make ,engl& a great nation4 ,%e _h a law pass$ re/or+ ! supremacy ( ! mon>*1 z well 9 all spiritual or ecclesia/ical ?+s z temporal4 ,! pray] book ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 aga9 introduc$ & ! mass 0 =bidd54 ,%e 0 broad en\gh n to inquire too closely into ! private religi\s op9ions ( h] subjects1 s long z !y w5t to ! e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,= ea* abs5ce !y 7 f9$ a %ill+4 ,next to *ur*go+ & h] c\ntry1 %e lov$ & enc\rag$ plays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,elizabe?',s ,,signature ,,to ,a ,,lic5se ,,= ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,leice/]',s ,,company ,,( ,,play]s1 #aegd4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s %e 0 worri$ by fe> t ei!r ,france or ,spa9 w\ld put h] ,ca?olic c\s91 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 on ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,) ma/]ly diplomacy1 ,elizabe? = a long "t manag$ to reta9 ! active fri5d%ip ( at lea/ "o ( ^! great p[]s1 9 ord] to re/ra9 ! o!r f int]f]+4 ,%e _h kept ,m>y a prison] = n9ete5 ye>s1 fe>+ to lib]ate h]4 ,at la/ an active conspiracy 0 discov]$ to assass9ate ,elizabe? & put ,m>y on ! ?rone4 ,elizabe? accord+ly _h h] c\s9 behead$ 9 #aehg4 ,spa9 !reupon prep>$ h] fleet1 ! ,inv9cible ,armada1 to attack ,engl&4 ,:5 ?is became kn[n1 ! outbur/ ( patriotic feel+ 0 s int5se among all classes 9 ,engl& t ! que5 did n hesitate to put ,"l ,h[>d1 a ,ca?olic1 9 comm& ( ! ,engli% fleet4 ,! ,armada 0 utt]ly defeat$1 & ,engl& 0 free to ent] on h] glori\s p]iod ( influ5c+ ! ?\ght & action ( ! _w4 ,9 brief1 ,elizabe?'s reign 0 rem>kable = ! rise ( ! middle classes1 = ! gr[? ( manufactures1 = ! appe>ance ( ,engli% %ips 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! _w1 = ! ext5sion ( comm]ce1 = great] fre$om ( ?\ght & action1 = :at ! _w n[ calls ,elizabe?an lit]ature1 & = ! asc5dancy ( a great m5tal & moral movem5t to :i* we mu/ next call att5tion4 ,culm9ation ( ! ,r5aissance & ! ,re=mation4--,we h se5 t ! ,r5aissance began 9 ,italy 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury & influ5c$ ! "w ( ,*auc]4 ,9 ! same c5tury1 ,wycliffe's influ5ce help$ ! cause ( ! ,re=mation4 ,elizabe?an ,engl& alone _h ! good =tune to exp]i5ce ! culm9ation ( ^! two movem5ts at "o & ! same "t4 ,at no o!r p]iod & 9 no o!r c\ntry h two =ces1 l ! ,r5aissance & ! ,re=mation1 comb9$ at ! height ( _! asc5dancy to /imulate ! human m9d4 ,"o result ( ^! two mighty influ5ces 0 ! "w ( ,william ,%akespe>e1 :i* speaks to ! e> ( all "t4 ,! ,r5aissance1 hav+ op5$ ! gates ( k1 inspir$ ! ,elizabe?ans ) ! hope ( le>n+ e secret ( nature & ( surm\nt+ all difficulties4 ,! ,re=mation gave man new fre$om1 impos$ on him ! grave/ individual responsibilities1 made him realize ! importance ( e act ( 8 own w1 & emphasiz$ afre% ! idea ( ! /ew>d%ip ( ?is pres5t life1 = :i* he w\ld be held acc\ntable4 ,9 ,elizabe?an days1 ^! two =ces cop]at$2 9 ! foll[+ ,puritan age !y 7 at w>4 ,"s ,*>act]i/ics ( ,elizabe?an ,life4--,x became an ambition to h z _m diff]5t exp]i5ces z possible1 to se>* = t v>iety crav$ by y\? & by a y\?ful age4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 0 a c\rti]1 a writ]1 a w>d5 ( ! t9 m9es1 a vice admiral1 a capta9 ( ! gu>d1 a coloniz]1 a c\ntry g5tleman1 & a pirate4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 :o di$ at ! age ( ?irty-two1 0 an envoy to a =eign c\rt1 a writ] ( romances1 an (fic] 9 ! army1 a poet & a c\rti]4 ,%akespe>e left ! little t[n :]e he 0 born1 to plunge into ! m complex life ( ,london4 ,! poet1 ,edmund ,sp5s]1 w5t to turbul5t ,irel&1 :]e he _h en\gh exp]i5ces to sugge/ ! conflicts 9 ! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,! great] fre$om & initiative ( ! individual & ! rem>kable ext5sion ( trade ) all p>ts ( ! _w naturally l$ to ! rise ( ! middle class4 ,! nobility 7 no long] ! sole lead]s 9 ,engl&'s rapid progress4 ,_m ( ,elizabe?'s c\ncilors 7 said to h sprung f ! masses1 b no reign c\ld boa/ ( wis] m9i/]s4 ,x 0 !n cu/om>y = ! v>i\s classes to m+le mu* m freely ?an !y d n[4 ,!re 0 abs5ce ( t ov]specialization :i* today keeps p 9 su* %>ply sep>at$ gr\ps4 ,?is m+l+ 0 fur!r aid$ by ! t5d5cy to try _m diff]5t pursuits & by ! _s ( patriotism 9 ! air4 ,all classes 7 int]e/$ 9 repell+ ! ,spani% ,armada & 9 ma9ta9+ ,engl&'s fre$om4 ,x 0 =tunate = ,%akespe>e t ! ,elizabe?an age gave him unusual opportunity to meet & to become ! spokesman ( all classes ( m54 ,! audi5ce t /ood 9 ! pit or sat 9 ! boxes to witness ! p]=mance ( 8 plays1 compris$ n only lords & weal?y m]*ants1 b also weav]s1 sailors1 & c\ntry folk4 ,initiative & ,love ( ,action4--,! ,elizabe?ans 7 di/+ui%$ = _! initiative4 ,?is t]m implies ! possession ( two qualities3 7#a7 +5uity or f]tility 9 ideas1 & 7#b7 ability to pass at once f an idea to its sugge/$ action4 ,nev] did action habitually foll[ m quickly on ! heels ( ?\ght4 ,! age lov$ to translate ev]y?+ into action1 because ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance dem&$ ! ex]cise ( y\?ful activity to its fulle/ capacity 9 ord] t ! p[] :i* ! new k promis$ c\ld be acquir$ & enjoy$ be=e dea?4 ,z ! ,elizabe?ans felt t real life meant activity 9 explor+ a new & int]e/+ _w1 bo? physical & m5tal1 !y dem&$ t _! lit]ature %\ld pres5t ?is life ( action4 ,h5ce1 all _! greate/ poets1 ) ! exception ( ,sp5s]1 7 dramati/s4 ,ev5 ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ) its ab/ractions1 is a poem ( action1 = ! virtues fight ) ! vices4 ,,elizabe?an ,,prose ,,lit]ature ,v>iety 9 ! ,prose4--,! imag9ative _s ( ! ,elizabe?ans crav$ poetry1 & all ! greate/ au?ors ( ?is age1 ) ! exception ( ,francis ,bacon1 7 poets4 ,if1 h[ev]1 an ,elizabe?an _h be5 s peculi>ly con/itut$ z to wi% to /ock 8 libr>y ) contempor>y prose only1 he c\ld h secur$ good works 9 _m diff]5t fields4 ,he c\ld1 = in/ance1 h obta9$ 7#a7 an excell5t book on education1 ! ,s*olema/] ( ,rog] ,as*am 7#aeae-aefh72 7#b7 int]e/+ volumes ( travel1 su* z ! ,navigations1 ,voyages1 & ,discov]ies ( ! ,engli% ,nation1 by ,ri*>d ,hakluyt 7#aeeb-afaf72 & ,! ,discov]y ( ,guiana1 by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 7#aeeb-afah72 7#c7 hi/ory1 9 ! important ,*ronicles ( ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl& 7#aegh71 by ,raphael ,hol9%$2 ! ,*ronicle 7,annals ( ,engl&7 & ,survey ( ,london1 by ,john ,/[ 7#aebe-afjd72 & ! ,brittania1 by ,william ,camd5 7#aeea-afbc72 7#d7 biography1 9 ! excell5t translation ( ,plut>*'s ,lives1 by ,sir ,?omas ,nor? 7#aece-afja872 7#e7 criticism1 9 ,! ,apologie = ,poetrie1 by ,sir ,philip ,sidney2 7#f7 essays on v>i$ subjects by ,francis ,bacon2 7#g7 works deal+ ) religion & fai?3 7a7 ,john ,foxe's 7#aeaf-aehg7 ,book ( ,m>tyrs1 :i* told 9 simple prose ?rill+ /ories ( m>tyrs & s]v$ z a textbook ( ! ,re=mation2 7b7 ,hook]'s ,( ! ,laws ( ,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 a treatise on !ology2 7#h7 fiction1#a 9 ,john ,lyly's ,euphues 7#aegi71 ,rob]t ,gre5e's ,p&o/o 7#aehh71 ,sir ,philip ,sidney's ,arc>dia 7#aeij71 ,?omas ,lodge's ,rosalynde 7#aeij71 ,na%e's ,! ,un=tunate ,travel] 7#aeid71 & ,?omas ,deloney's ,! ,g5tle ,craft 7#aeig74b ,%akespe>e read ,hol9%$1 ,nor?1 ,gre5e1 ,sidney1 & ,lodge & turn$ "s ( _! sugge/ions into poetry1 :i* we v mu* pref] to _! prose4 ,we are ne>ly c]ta9 t ,%akespe>e /udi$ ,lyly's ,euphues1 because we c trace ! influ5ce ( t "w 9 8 /yle4 ,x 0 ! mis=tune ( ,elizabe?an prose to be almo/ completely ov]%ad[$ by ! poetry4 ,?is prose 01 h[ev]1 f> m v>i$ & important ?an t ( any prec$+ age4 ,! books m5tion$ on page #abc con/itute only a small "p ( ! prose ( ?is p]iod4 ,lyly1 ,sidney1 ,hook]4--,9 #aegi1 :5 ,%akespe>e 0 fifte5 ye>s old1 !re appe>$ ! fir/ "p ( an influ5tial prose "w1 ,john ,lyly's 7#aeed8-afjf7 ,euphues1 ! ,anatomy ( ,wit1 foll[$ 9 #aehj by a second "p1 ,euphues & 8 ,engl&4 ,mu* ( ,lyly's subject matt] is borr[$1 & 8 =m reflects ! artificial /yle !n popul> ov] ,europe4 ,euphues1 a "y ,a!nian1 goes to ,naples1 :]e he falls 9 love & is jilt$4 ,?is is all ! action 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! s-call$ /ory4 ,! re/ is moraliz+4 ,9 ! second "p1 ,euphues comes to ,engl& ) a fri5d1 :o falls 9 love twice1 & f9ally m>ries2 b aga9 !re is m moraliz+ ?an /ory4 ,euphues returns to ,a!ns & retires to ! m\nta9s to muse 9 solitude4 ,9 its use ( a love /ory1 ,euphues prefigures ! mod]n novel4 ,9 ,euphues1 h[ev]1 ! love /ory s]ves *iefly z a peg on :i* to hang discussions on fickl5ess1 y\?ful follies1 fri5d%ip1 & div]s o!r subjects4 ,lyly aim$ to produce arti/ic prose1 :i* w\ld r5d] 8 mean+ cle> & impressive4 ,to a*ieve ?is object1 he made su* excessive use ( contra/1 balanc$ words & phrases1 & f>-fet*$ comp>isons1 t 8 /yle seems highly artificial & affect$4 ,?is quotation is typical3-- ,a*illes spe> c\ld z well heal z hurt1 ! scorpion ?\gh he /+1 yet he /9ts ! pa91 ?r\gh ! h]b ,n]ius poison ! %eep1 yet is a rem$y to man aga9/ poison444 ,!re is great diff]5ce betwe5 ! /&+ puddle & ! runn+ /ream1 yet bo? wat]3 great odds betwe5 ! adamant & ! pomice1 yet bo? /ones1 a great di/9ction to be put betwe5 vitrum & ! cry/al1 yet bo? glass3 great contr>iety betwe5 ,lais & ,lucretia1 yet bo? wom54 ,al?\gh ?is selection %[s unnatural or /ra9$ anti!sis1 !re is also evid5t a comm5dable desire to v>y ! diction & to avoid ! repetition ( ! same ^w4 ,to f9d f\r diff]5t t]ms = ne>ly ! same idea diff]5ce1 odds1 di/9ction1 & contr>iety1 involves consid]able pa9/ak+4 ,:ile x is true t ! t]m euphuism has come to be appli$ to any /ilt$1 anti!tical /yle t pays m att5tion to ! mann] ( express+ a ?\ght ?an to its wor?1 we %\ld rememb] t ,engli% prose /yle has advanc$ because "s writ]s1 l ,lyly1 emphasiz$ ! importance ( arti/ic =m4 ,%akespe>e occasionally employs euphui/ic contra/ 9 an effective way4 ,! s5t5ti\s ,polonius says 9 ,hamlet3-- ,give e man ?y e>1 b few ?y voice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,philippe ,,sidney4 ,aft] ! m9iature by ,isaac ,oliv]1 ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney 7#aeed-aehf7 wrote = 8 si/]1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke1 a pa/oral romance1 entitl$ ,arcadia 7publi%$ 9 #aeij74 ,unlike ,lyly1 ,sidney did n aim at precision1 emphatic contra/1 & balance4 ,= its effectiv5ess1 ! ,arcadia relies on poetic language & conceptions4 ,! *>act]s 9 ! romance live & love 9 a ,utopian ,arcadia1 :]e ! morn+ did /r[ ,roses & ,violets 9 ! heav5ly floor aga9/ ! com+ ( ! ,sun1 & :]e ! %eph]d boy pipes z ?\gh he %\ld nev] be old4 ,passages l ! foll[+ %[ ,sidney's poetic /yle & z mu* exub]ant fancy z if !y _h be5 writt5 by a ,celt3-- ,h] brea? is m sweet ?an a g5tle s\?we/ w9d1 :i* comes creep+ ov] fl[]y fields & %ad[$ wat]s 9 ! extreme heat ( summ] & yet is no?+ comp>$ to ! honey-fl[+ spee* t brea? do? c>ry4 ,! ,arcadia furni%$ ,%akespe>e's ,k+ ,le> ) ! auxili>y plot ( ,gl\ce/] & 8 two sons & inspir$ ,?omas ,lodge to write 8 novel ,rosalynde1 :i* 9 turn sugge/$ ,%akespe>e's ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,to ,sidney belongs ! cr$it ( hav+ writt5 ! fir/ m]itori\s essay on criticism 9 ! ,engli% language1 ,! ,apologie = ,poetrie4 ,?is def5ds ! poetic art1 & %[s h[ necess>y su* ex]cise ( ! imag9ation is to take u away f ! cold1 h>d facts ( life4 ,ri*>d ,hook]'s 7#aeed8-afjj7 ,( ! ,laws ( ,ecclesia/ical ,polity %[s a ?ird aim 9 ,elizabe?an prose1--to express c>efully reason$ inve/igation & conclusion 9 ,engli% t is z ?or\ghly elaborat$ & qualifi$ z ! ?\ght4 ,lyly's /rik+ contra/s & ,sidney's fl[]y prose d n appeal to ,hook]1 :o uses ,lat9 inv]sions & p>5!tical qualifications1 & adds clause aft] clause :5ev] he ?9ks x necess>y to amplify ! ?\ght or to gu>d aga9/ misund]/&+4 ,hook]'s prose is z c>efully wr\ght z ,lyly's & f> m rhy?mical4 ,bo? 7 exp]im5t+ ) ,engli% prose 9 diff]5t fields1 s]v+ to tea* succe$+ writ]s :at to imitate & to avoid4 ,unlike ,euphues & ! ,arcadia1 ,( ! ,laws ( ,ecclesia/ical ,polity is m valuable = its ?\ght ?an = its =m ( expression4 ,?is "w1 :i* is /ill /udi$ z an au?ority1 is an exposition ( div9e law 9 its relations to bo? ! _w & ! *ur*4 ,hook] 0 p]sonally a comp\nd ( sweetness & light1 & 8 philosophy is m>k$ by sweet reasonabl5ess4 ,he 0 a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 b he %[s a _s ( tol]ation t[>d o!r *ur*es4 ,he _h mu* ( ! mod]n idea ( gr[? 9 bo? gov]nm5t & religion1 & he accepts no sy/em ( gov]nm5t ei!r 9 *ur* or /ate z unalt]able4 ,,francis ,,bacon1 #aefa-afbf ,illu/ration3 ,,francis ,,bacon4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,van ,som]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,a /udy ( ,bacon takes u beyond ! limits ( ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 b n beyond ! cont9u$ influ5ces ( t reign4 ,francis ,bacon1 ! son ( ,sir ,ni*olas ,bacon1 ,"l ,keep] ( ! ,great ,seal "u ,elizabe?1 0 born 9 ,london & grew up "u ! influ5ces ( ! c\rt4 ,9 ord] to und]/& "s ( ,bacon's actions 9 lat] life1 we mu/ rememb] ! influ5ces t help$ to fa%ion him 9 8 boyhood days4 ,^? ) :om he e>ly associat$ & :o unconsci\sly mold$ him 7 n v scrupul\s ab\t ! way 9 :i* !y secur$ ! favor ( ! c\rt or ! means :i* !y took to out/rip an adv]s>y4 ,!y also enc\rag$ 9 him a ta/e = exp5sive luxuries4 ,^! un=tunate influ5ces 7 int5sifi$ :51 at ! age ( sixte51 he w5t ) ! ,engli% ambassador to ,p>is1 & rema9$ !re = two & a half ye>s1 /udy+ /atecraft & diplomacy4 ,:5 ,bacon 0 n9ete51 8 fa!r di$4 ,! son1 be+ )\t money1 return$ f ,p>is & appeal$ to 8 uncle1 ,"l ,burleigh1 "o ( ,elizabe?'s m9i/]s1 = "s lucrative position at ! c\rt4 ,9 a lett] to 8 uncle1 ,bacon says3 ,i confess ,i h z va/ contemplative ends z ,i h mod]ate civil ends2 = ,i h tak5 all k to be my prov9ce4 ,?is /atem5t %[s ! ,elizabe?an desire to ma/] ! entire _w ( ! ,new ,le>n+4 ,in/ead ( help+ 8 nephew1 h[ev]1 ,"l ,burleigh seems to h done all 9 8 p[] to ?w>t him4 ,bacon !reupon /udi$ law & 0 admitt$ to ! b> 9 #aehb4 ,bacon ent]$ ,p>liam5t 9 #aehd & di/+ui%$ himself z a speak]4 ,b5 ,jonson1 ! dramati/1 says ( him ,!re happ5$ 9 my "t "o noble speak] :o 0 full ( gravity 9 8 speak+4 ,no man ev] spoke m neatly1 m presly1 m weightily1 or suff]$ less empt9ess1 less idl5ess1 9 :at he utt]$4 ,8 he>]s c\ld n c\gh or look aside f him )\t loss4 ,! fe> ( e man t he>d him 0 le/ he %\ld make an end4 ,?is speak+ 0 valuable tra9+ = ,bacon 9 writ+ ! pi?y s5t5ces ( 8 ,essays4 ,a man :o uses ! long1 involv$ s5t5ces ( ,hook] c nev] become a speak] to :om p w li/54 ,! habit ( directness & simplicity1 :i* ,bacon =m$ 9 8 speak+1 rema9$ ) him ?r\gh ,life4 ,among ! _m *>ges aga9/ ,bacon's p]sonal code ( e?ics1 two /& out conspicu\sly4 ,! ,e>l ( ,essex1 :o _h giv5 ,bacon an e/ate !n wor? #ahjj1 0 influ5tial 9 hav+ him appo9t$ to ! /aff ( c\nselors to ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,:5 ,essex 0 accus$ ( treason1 ,bacon kept ! que5's fri5d%ip by repudiat+ him & tak+ an active "p 9 ! prosecution t l$ to ! e>l's execution4 ,aft] ,james ,i4 _h made ,bacon ,"l ,high ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 he 0 accus$ ( receiv+ bribes z a judge4 ,he repli$ t he _h accept$ only ! cu/om>y pres5ts giv5 to judges & t ^! made no diff]5ce 9 8 decisions4 ,he 0 tri$1 f\nd guilty1 f9$ #dj1jjj1 & s5t5c$ to be imprison$ 9 ! ,t[] dur+ ! k+'s pleasure4 ,aft] a few days1 h[ev]1 ! k+ releas$ him1 =gave ! f9e1 & gave him an annual p5sion ( #abjj4 ,! "q :e!r he wrote ,%akespe>e's plays ne$s almo/ z mu* discussion on ! moral z on ! intellectual side4 ,james ,sp$d+1 aft] /udy+ ,bacon's life & works = ?irty ye>s1 said3 ,i see no reason to suppose t ,%akespe>e did n write ! plays4 ,b if somebody else did1 !n ,i ?9k ,i am 9 a position to say t x 0 n ,"l ,bacon4 ,aft] 8 release1 ,bacon pass$ ! rema9+ five ye>s ( 8 life 9 retirem5t1--/udy+ & writ+4 ,8 int]e/ 9 obs]v+ natural objects & exp]im5t+ ) !m 0 ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,he 0 rid+ 9 a sn[/orm :5 x occurr$ to him to te/ sn[ z a pres]vative ag5t4 ,he /opp$ at a h\se1 procur$ a f[l1 & /uff$ x ) sn[4 ,he caught cold dur+ ?is exp]im5t &1 be+ improp]ly c>$ =1 soon di$4 ,! ,essays4--,! fir/ t5 ( 8 ,essays1 8 mo/ popul> "w1 appe>$ 9 ! ye> #aeig4 ,at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 he _h increas$ !m to fifty-eight4 ,!y deal ) a ) range ( subjects1 f ,/udies & ,nobility1 ,on ! "o h&1 to ,m>riage & ,s+le ,life & ,g>d5s on ! o!r4 ,! great critic ,hallam say3 ,x w\ld be some:at d]ogatory to a man ( ! slighte/ claim to polite lett]s1 7 he unacqua9t$ ) ! ,essays ( ,bacon4 ,x is1 inde$1 little wor? :ile to read ?is or any o!r book = reputation's1 sake2 b v few 9 our language s well repay ! pa9s1 or af=d m n\ri%m5t to ! ?\ghts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title ,,page ,,( ,,bacon',s ,,essays1 #aeig4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce f ! essay ,( ,/udies w %[ "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 way ( pres5t+ ?\ght3-- ,read+ make? a full man1 conf]5ce a ready man1 & writ+ an exact man3 &1 !re=e1 if a man write little1 he _h ne$ h a great memory2 if he conf] little1 he _h ne$ h a pres5t wit2 & if he read little1 he ne$ h mu* cunn+ to seem to "k t he do? n4 ,we may notice "h 7#a7 cle>ness1 7#b7 concis5ess1 7#c7 bread? ( ?\ght & obs]vation4 ,a %rewd ,scot*man says3 ,x may be said t to m5 wi%+ to rise 9 ! _w by politic managem5t ( _! fell[m51 ,bacon's ,essays are ! be/ h&book hi!rto publi%$4 ,9 ju/ification ( ?is criticism1 we ne$ only quote f ! essay ,( ,negotiat+3-- ,x is g5]ally bett] to deal by spee* ?an by lett]444 ,lett]s are good1 :5 a man w\ld draw an answ] by lett] back aga91 or :5 x may s]ve1 = a man's ju/ification1 aft]w>ds to produce 8 own lett]1 or :]e x may he dang] to be int]rupt$ or he>d by pieces4 ,to deal 9 p]son is good1 :5 a man's face bre$e? reg>d1 z commonly ) inf]iors1 or 9 t5d] cases1 :]e a man's eye ^u ! c\nt5ance ( him ) :om he speake? may give him a direction h[ f> to g1 & g5]ally1 :]e a man w res]ve to himself lib]ty ei!r to disav[ or to exp\nd4 ,sci5tific & ,miscellane\s ,works4--,! ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+ is ano!r ( ,bacon's great works4 ,! title aptly expresses ! purpose ( ! took4 ,he insi/s on ! necessity ( close obs]vation ( nature & ( mak+ exp]im5ts ) v>i\s =ms ( matt]4 ,he decries ! habit ( sp9n+ ?+s out ( "o's inn] consci\sness1 )\t pati5tly /udy+ ! outside _w to see :e!r ! facts ju/ify ! conclusions4 ,9 o!r words1 he insi/s on induction4 ,bacon 0 n ! fa!r ( ! inductive pr9ciple1 z is sometimes wrongly /at$2 = prehi/oric man 0 compell$ to make inductions be=e he c\ld advance "o /ep f b>b>ism4 ,! tr\ble 0 t ?is me?od 0 n rigor\sly appli$4 ,x 0 curr5tly believ$ t our valuable g>d5 toad is v5om\s & t frogs are br$ f slime4 ,= 8 k ( bees1 ,lyly consult$ classical au?ors 9 pref]5ce to wat*+ ! insects4 ,bacon's writ+s ex]t$ a p[]ful influ5ce 9 ! direction ( exact inductive me?od4 ,bacon _h s little fai? 9 ! endur+ qualities ( ! ,engli% language1 t he wrote ! mo/ ( 8 philosophical works 9 ,lat94 ,he plann$ a ,lat9 "w 9 six p>ts1 to cov] ! :ole field ( ! philosophy ( natural sci5ce4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ! p>ts complet$ is ! ,novum ,organum1 :i* deals ) c]ta9 me?ods = se>*+ aft] def9ite tru?1 & %[s h[ to avoid "s ev] pres5t t5d5cies t[>d error4 ,bacon wrote an excell5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 :i* is /&>d to ?is day4 ,he is also ! au?or ( ,! ,new ,atlantis1 :i* may be t]m$ a ,baconian ,utopia1 or /udy ( an ideal commonweal?4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,9 ,bacon's s5t5ces we may (t5 f9d rem>kable cond5sation ( ?\ght 9 few words4 ,a mod]n essayi/ has tak5 sev5 pages to express1 or r to obscure1 ! ideas 9 ^! ?ree l9es f ,bacon3-- ,m5 ( age object too mu*1 consult too long1 adv5ture too little1 rep5t too soon1 & seldom drive bus9ess home to ! full p]iod1 b cont5t !mselves ) a m$iocrity ( success4#c ,8 works ab\nd 9 illu/rations1 analogies1 & /rik+ imag]y2 b unlike ! great ,elizabe?an poets1 he appeals m to cold intellect ?an to ! feel+s4 ,we are (t5 pleas$ ) 8 intellectual +5uity1 = in/ance1 9 lik5+ ! ,s*oolm5 to spid]s1 sp9n+ su* /uff z webs are made ( out ( no great quantity ( matt]4 ,he resembles ! ,elizabe?ans 9 pref]r+ magnific5t to commonplace images4 ,x has be5 (t5 notic$ t if he essays to write ( build+s 9 g5]al1 he pref]s to describe palaces4 ,8 k ( ! intellectual side ( human nature is especially rem>kable1 b1 unlike ,%akespe>e1 ,bacon nev] drops 8 plummet into ! emotional dep?s ( ! s\l4 ,,! ,,non-,,dramatic ,,poetry--,,lyrical ,,v]se ,a ,m$ium ( ,arti/ic ,expression4--,no age has surpass$ ! ,elizabe?an 9 lyrical poems1 ^? %ort swall[ flights ( song1 z ,t5nyson def9es !m4 ,! ,engli% ,r5aissance1 unlike ! ,italian1 did n a*ieve great success 9 pa9t+4 ,! ,engli%man embodi$ 9 poetry 8 arti/ic expression ( ! beautiful4 ,_m lyrics are m]ely examples ( ^w pa9t+4 ,! ,elizabe?an poet (t5 began 8 c>e] by try+ to %[ 8 skill ) ! +5i\s & musical arrangem5t ( words1 :]e an ,italian w\ld h us$ color & draw+ on an actual canvas4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,wyatt & ,surrey introduc$ into ,engl& f ,italy ! type ( lyrical v]se kn[n z ! sonnet4 ,?is is ! mo/ artificial ( lyrics1 because its rules prescribe a l5g? ( exactly f\rte5 l9es & a def9ite int]nal /ructure4 ,! sonnet 0 especially popul> ) ,elizabe?an poets4 ,9 ! la/ t5 ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 m ?an two ?\s& sonnets 7 writt54 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e s]v$ a poetic appr5tice%ip by writ+ _m sonnets z well z semi-lyrical poems1 l ,v5us & ,adonis4 ,we %\ld1 h[ev]1 rememb] t ! sonnet is only "o type ( ! v>i$ lyric expression ( ! age4 ,_m ,elizabe?an song books %[ t lyrics 7 set to music & us$ on ! mo/ v>i$ occasions4 ,!re 7 songs = w$d+s1 fun]als1 dances1 banquets1--songs = ! t9k]s1 ! b>b]s1 & o!r workm54 ,if mod]n read]s *ance to pick up an ,elizabe?an novel1 l ,?omas ,lodge's ,rosalynde 7#aeij71 !y are surpris$ to f9d t prose w n suffice = ! lov]1 :o mu/ evaporate into song l ?is3-- ,love 9 my bosom l a bee1 ,do? suck 8 sweet4 ,n[ ) 8 w+s he plays ) me1 ,n[ ) 8 feet4 ,!re are l>ge numb]s ( ,elizabe?an lyrics app>5tly z spontane\s & unfett]$ z ! song ( ! l>k4 ,! seem+ artlessness ( mu* ( ?is v]se %\ld n bl9d u to ! fact t an unusual numb] ( poets _h really /udi$ ! art ( song4 ,love ,lyrics4--,! subject ( ! ,elizabe?an sonnets is usually love4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney wrote _m love sonnets1 ! be/ ( :i* is ! "o beg9n+3-- ,) h[ sad /eps4 ,o ,moon1 ?\ climb'/ ! ,skies6 ,edmund ,sp5c] compos$ fifty-eight sonnets 9 "o ye> to *ronicle 8 v>i$ emotions z a lov]4 ,we may f9d among ,%akespe>e's #aed sonnets "s ( ! greate/ love lyrics 9 ! language1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ,,cxvi41 conta9+ ! l9es3-- ,love is n love ,:i* alt]s :5 x alt]ation f9ds2 or1 z ,,xviii43-- ,%all ,i comp>e !e to a summ]'s day8 ,?\ art m lovely & m temp]ate3 ,r\gh w9ds d %ake ! d>l+ buds ( ,may1 ,& summ]'s lease ba? all too %ort a date4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ?y et]nal summ] %all n fade4 ,sonnets came to be us$ 9 mu* ! same way z a mod]n love lett] or val5t9e4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,elizabe?'s reign1 sonnets 7 ev5 call$ m]*antable w>e4 ,mi*ael ,drayton 7#aefc-afca71 a prolific poet1 au?or ( ! ,ballad ( ,ag9c\rt1 "o ( ,engl&'s greate/ w> songs1 tells h[ he 0 employ$ by a lov] to write a sonnet :i* won ! lady4 ,drayton's be/ sonnet is1 ,s9ce !re's no help1 come let u kiss & "p4 ,outside ( ! sonnets1 we %all f9d love lyrics 9 great v>iety4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ,elizabe?an songs is ,b5 ,jonson's3-- ,dr9k to me only ) ?9e eyes1 ,& ,i w pl$ge ) m9e2 ,or leave a kiss b 9 ! cup1 ,& ,i'll n look = w9e4 ,! ,elizabe?ans 7 call$ a ne/ ( s++ birds because su* songs z ! foll[+ are n unusual 9 ! "w ( _! m9or writ]s3-- ,sweet air1 bl[ s(t2 m\nt1 l>k1 al(t ,to give my love good morr[6 ,w9ds f ! w9d to please h] m9d1 ,notes f ! l>k ,i'll borr[4#d ,pa/oral ,lyrics4--,9 ,%akespe>e's e>ly y\? x 0 ! fa%ion to write lyrics ab\t ! delights ( ru/ic life ) %eep & %eph]ds4 ,! ,italians1 fre%ly int]e/+ 9 ,v]gil's ,georgics & ,bucolics1 _h taught ! ,engli% h[ to write pa/oral v]se4 ,! entire joy\s _w _h become a ,utopian %eep pa/ure1 9 :i* %eph]ds pip$ & fell 9 love ) glorifi$ %ep]desses4 ,a great poet nam$ "o ( 8 productions1 ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> & ,sir ,philip ,sidney wrote 9 poetic prose ! pa/oral romance ,arcadia4 ,*ri/oph] ,m>l[e's ,! ,passionate ,%eph]d to 8 ,love is a typical poetic expression ( ! fanci$ delight 9 pa/oral life3-- 444we w sit ^u ! rocks1 ,see+ ! %eph]ds fe$ _! flocks ,by %all[ riv]s1 to ^: falls ,melodi\s birds s+ madrigals4 ,miscellane\s ,lyrics4--,z ! ,elizabe?an age progress$1 ! subject matt] ( ! lyrics became broad]4 ,v]se %[+ consummate ma/]y ( turns express$ ! mo/ v>i$ emotions4 ,"s ( ! greate/ lyrics ( ! p]iod are ! songs int]sp]s$ 9 ! plays ( ! dramati/s1 f ,lyly to ,beaumont & ,flet*]4 ,! plays ( ,%akespe>e1 ! greate/ & mo/ v>i$ ( ,elizabe?an lyrical poets1 especially ab\nd 9 su* songs4 ,two ( ! be/ ( ^! occur 9 8 ,cymbel9e4 ,"o is ! song-- ,h>k6 h>k6 ! l>k at heav5's gate s+s1 & ! o!r is ! dirge beg9n+3-- ,fe> no m ! heat o' ! sun4 ,ariel's songs 9 ,! ,tempe/ fasc9ate ) ! wit*]y ( untrammel$ exi/5ce4 ,two l9es ( a song f ,twelf? ,night give an attractive pres5tation ( ! ,r5aissance philosophy ( ! pres5t z oppos$ to an elusive future3-- ,:at is love8 'tis n h]eaft]2 ,pres5t mir? ha? pres5t laught]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,donne4 ,f ! pa9t+ ascrib$ to ,cornelius ,jans51 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,two ( ! lat] ,elizabe?an poets1 ,b5 ,jonson & ,john ,donne 7#aegc-afca71 specially impress u by _! ef=ts to secure +5i\s effects 9 v]se4 ,b5 ,jonson (t5 %[s ?is t5d5cy1 z 9 try+ to give a poetic def9ition ( a kiss z some?+-- ,s sug>'d1 s melt+1 s s(t1 s delici\s1 & 9 %[+ s mu* +5uity ( expression 9 ! cramp+ limits ( an epitaph3-- ,und]nea? ?is /one do? lie ,z mu* beauty z c\ld die1 ,:i* 9 life did h>bor give ,to m virtue ?an do? live4 ,! poet mo/ fam\s = a display ( extreme +5uity 9 v]se is ,john ,donne1 a travel]1 c\rti]1 & f9ally dean ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 :o possess$1 to quote 8 own phrase1 an hydroptic immod]ate desire ( human le>n+4 ,he paid less att5tion to arti/ic =m ?an ! e>li] ,elizabe?ans1 %[$ m cynicism1 *ose ! ab/ract r ?an ! concrete1 & pref]r$ involv$ metaphysical ?\ght to simple s5su\s images4 ,he made few ref]5ces to nature & few allusions to ! *>act]s ( classical my?ology1 b se>*$ = obscure lik5esses betwe5 ?+s1 & = conceits or f>-fet*$ comp>isons4 ,9 8 poem1 ,a ,fun]al ,elegy1 he %[s ^! qualities 9 *>act]iz+ a fair "y lady z3-- ,"o ^: cle> body 0 s pure & ?91 ,because x ne$ disguise no ?\ght )92 ',twas b a ?r\gh-light sc>f h] m9d to enroll1 ,or exhalation brea!d out f h] s\l4 ,! idea 9 ,%akespe>e's simpl] expression1 ! heav5ly rhetoric ( ?9e eye1 0 exp&$ by ,donne into3-- ,our eye-beams twi/$1 & did ?read ,our eyes ^u "o d\ble /r+4 ,donne does n always %[ s mu* f9e-spun +5uity1 b ?is 0 ! quality mo/ imitat$ by a gr\p ( 8 successors4 ,8 claim to di/9ction re/s on ! orig9ality & +5uity ( 8 v]se1 & p]haps /ill m on 8 influ5ce ov] succe$+ poets4#e ,,edmund ,,sp5s]1 #aeeb-aeii ,illu/ration3 ,,edmund ,,sp5s]4,f a pa9t+ 9 ,dupl9 ,ca/le4 ,life & ,m9or ,poems4--,= "o hundr$ & fifty-two ye>s aft] ,*auc]'s dea?1 9 #adjj1 ,engl& _h no great poet until ,edmund ,sp5s] 0 born 9 ,london 9 #aeeb4 ,sp5s]1 :o became ! greate/ non-dramatic poet ( ! ,elizabe?an age1 0 twelve ye>s old] ?an ,%akespe>e4 ,8 p>5ts 7 poor1 b =tunately 9 ,elizabe?an times1 z well z 9 our own days1 !re 7 g5]\s m5 :o f\nd _! *ief pleasure 9 aid+ o!rs4 ,su* a man assi/$ ,sp5s] 9 go+ to ,cambridge4 ,sp5s]'s b5efactor 0 suffici5tly wise n to give ! /ud5t en\gh to dw>f ! gr[? ( self-reliance4 ,we "k t ,sp5s] 0 a siz> at ,cambridge1 t is1 "o ( ^? /ud5ts :o1 to quote ,macaulay1 _h to p]=m "s m5ial s]vices4 ,!y swept ! c\rt2 !y c>ri$ up ! d9n] to ! fell[s' table1 & *ang$ ! plate & p\r$ out ! ale ( ! rul]s ( society4 ,we "k fur!r t ,sp5s] 0 h&icapp$ by ill heal? dur+ a "p ( 8 c\rse1 = we f9d records ( all[ances paid ,sp5s] aegrotanti4 ,aft] leav+ ,cambridge ,sp5s] w5t to ! nor? ( ,engl&1 probably 9 ! capacity ( tutor4 ,:ile !re1 he fell 9 love ) a "y woman :om he calls ,rosal9d4 ,?is ev5t color$ 8 aft] life4 ,al?\gh %e refus$ him1 %e _h p5etration en\gh to see 9 :at 8 greatness consi/$1 & h] op9ion spurr$ him to develop 8 abilities z a poet4 ,he 0 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s old :5 he fell 9 love ) ,rosal9d2 & he rema9$ s+le until he 0 =ty-two1 :5 he m>ri$ an ,iri% maid5 nam$ ,elizabe?4 ,9 honor ( t ev5t1 he compos$ ! ,epi?alamion1 ! noble/ m>riage song 9 any lit]ature4 ,s /rong are e>ly impressions t ev5 9 its l9es he seems to be ?9k+ ( ,rosal9d & fancy+ t %e is 8 bride4 ,aft] return+ f ! nor?1 he sp5t "s "t ) ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 :o help$ fa%ion ,sp5s]'s ideals ( a *ivalr\s g5tleman4 ,sidney's influ5ce is se5 9 ,sp5s]'s greate/ "w1 ! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 0 ano!r fri5d :o left 8 impr9t on ,sp5s]4 ,9 #aegi1 ,sp5s] publi%$ ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>4 ,?is is a pa/oral poem1 consi/+ ( twelve diff]5t p>ts1 "o "p be+ assign$ to ea* ( ! twelve mon?s4 ,al?\gh inf]ior to ! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> rema9s "o ( ! greate/ pa/oral poems 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,9 #aehj he 0 appo9t$ secret>y to ,"l ,gray1 ,"l ,lieut5ant ( ,irel&4 ,9 "o capacity or ano!r1 9 ! s]vice ( ! cr[n1 ,sp5s] pass$ 9 ,irel& almo/ ! entire rema9+ eighte5 ye>s ( 8 life4 ,9 #aeia he receiv$ 9 ! s\? ( ,irel& a grant ( ?ree ?\s& acres1 a "p ( ! confiscat$ e/ate ( an ,iri% e>l4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 0 also giv5 =ty-two ?\s& acres ne> ,sp5s]4 ,irel& 0 !n 9 a /ate ( cont9u\s turmoil4 ,9 su* a c\ntry ,sp5s] liv$ & wrote 8 ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,( c\rse1 ?is environm5t p[]fully affect$ ! "* ( t poem4 ,x has be5 said t to read a contempor>y's acc\nt ( ,raleigh's adv5tures ) ! ,iri% *iefta9s1 8 *all5ges & s+le combats1 8 escapes at =ds & woods1 is l read+ bits ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e 9 prose4 ,9 #aeih ! ,iri%1 infuriat$ by ! invasion ( _! c\ntry & ! seizure ( _! l&s1 set fire to ,sp5s]'s ca/le4 ,he & 8 family b>ely escap$ ) _! lives4 ,he cross$ to ,engl& & di$ ! next ye>1 accord+ to "s acc\nts1 9 want4 ,he 0 buri$1 at ! exp5se ( ,"l ,essex1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ne> ,*auc]4 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e4--,9 #aeij ,sp5s] publi%$ ! fir/ ?ree books ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,! orig9al plan 0 to h ! poem conta9 twelve books1 l ,v]gil's ,a,eneid1 b only six 7 publi%$4 ,if m 7 writt51 !y h be5 lo/4 ,! poem is an allegory ) ! av[$ moral purpose ( fa%ion+ a g5tleman or noble p]son 9 v]tu\s & g5tle discipl9e4 ,sp5s] says3 ,i lab\r to p\rtraict 9 ,ar?ure1 be=e he 0 ,k+1 ! image ( a brave knight1 p]fect$ 9 ! twelve private morall v]tues1 z ,ari/otle ha? devis$4 ,twelve ,knights p]sonify+ twelve ,virtues 7 to fight ) _! oppos+ ,vices1 & ! twelve books 7 to tell ! /ory ( ! conflict4 ,! ,knights set out f ! c\rt ( ,gloriana1 ! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 9 se>* ( _! enemies1 & meet ) div]s adv5tures & en*antm5ts4 ,! h]o ( ! tale is ,ar?ur1 :o has figur$ s mu* 9 ,engli% song & leg5d4 ,sp5s] makes him typical ( all ! ,virtues tak5 toge!r4 ,! fir/ book1 :i* is really a complete poem by itself1 & :i* is g5]ally admitt$ to be ! f9e/1 conta9s an acc\nt ( ! adv5tures ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,knight :o repres5ts ,hol9ess4 ,o!r books tell ( ! w>f>e ( ! ,knights :o typify ,temp]ance1 ,*a/ity1 ,fri5d%ip1 ,ju/ice1 & ,c\rtesy4 ,! poem beg9s ?us3-- ,a g5tle ,knight 0 prick+#f on ! pla9e1 ,ycladd 9 mightie armes & silv] %ielde1 ,:]e9 old d9ts ( deepe w\ndes did rema9e1 ,! cruell m>kes ( _m' a bloody fielde2 ,yet armes till t "t did he nev] wield4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& on 8 bre/ a bloodie ,crosse he bore1 ,! de>e remembrance ( 8 dy+ ,"l1 ,= ^: sweete sake t glori\s badge he wore4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^u a great adv5ture he 0 bond4 ,t greate/ ,gloriana to him gave1 ,t greate/ glori\s ,que5e ( ,fa]ie lond4 ,! entire poem really typifies ! aspirations ( ! human s\l = some?+ nobl] & bett] ?an c be ga9$ )\t ef=t4 ,9 ,sp5s]'s imag9ative m9d1 ^! aspirations became real p]sons :o set out to w9 laurels 9 a fairyl&1 light$ ) ! s(t light ( ! moon1 & presid$ ov] by ! good g5ius t loves to uplift /ruggl+ & we>y s\ls4 ,! allegory c]ta9ly becomes confus$4 ,a critic well says3 ,we c h>dly lose our way 9 x1 = !re is no way to lose4 ,we are n call$ on to und]/& ! intricacies ( ! allegory1 b to read betwe5 ! l9es1 cat* ! noble moral lesson1 & dr9k to our fill at ! f\nta9 ( beauty & melody4 ,sp5s] a ,subjective ,poet4--,! subjective ca/ ( ,sp5s]'s m9d next dem&s att5tion4 ,we feel t 8 is an ideal _w1 "o t does n exi/ outside ( ! imag9ation4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 subjective & objective1 let u comp>e ,*auc] ) ,sp5s]4 ,no "o c really be said to /udy lit]ature )\t con/antly br++ 9 ! pr9ciple ( comp>ison4 ,we mu/ notice ! lik5ess & ! diff]5ce betwe5 lit]>y productions1 or ! fa9t impression :i* !y make ^u our m9ds w soon pass away4 ,*auc] is objective2 t is1 he id5tifies himself ) ?+s t c\ld h a real exi/5ce 9 ! outside _w4 ,we f9d ourselves look+ at ! %9y bald head ( ,*auc]'s ,monk1 at ! lean horse & ?readb>e clo!s ( ! ,/ud5t ( ,ox=d1 at ! br[n complexion ( ! ,%ipman1 at ! enorm\s hat & l>ge figure ( ! ,wife ( ,ba?1 at ! r$ face ( ! ,summon]1 at ! hair ( ! ,p>don] yel[ z wex4 ,^! are n m]e figm5ts ( ! imag9ation4 ,we feel t !y are ei!r realities or t !y c\ld h exi/$4 ,:ile ! adv5tures 9 ! ,iri% w>s und\bt$ly gave ! orig9al sugge/ions = _m ( ! conte/s betwe5 good & evil 9 ! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,sp5s] int5tionally idealiz$ ^! knightly /ruggles to uphold ! "r & plac$ !m 9 fairyl&4 ,?is great poem is ! "w ( a m9d t lov$ to elaborate purely subjective images4 ,! pictures 7 n pa9t$ f gaz+ at ! outside _w4 ,we feel t !y are mo/ly creations ( ! imag9ation1 & t few ( !m c\ld exi/ 9 a real _w4 ,!re is no b[] 9 ! bottom ( ! sea1 built ( holl[ bill[es heap$ hye1 & no lion ev] foll[s a lo/ maid5 to protect h]4 ,we feel t ! pr9cipal "p ( ,%akespe>e's _w c\ld h exi/$ 9 reality z well z 9 imag9ation4 ,sp5s] 0 nev] able to rea* ?is highe/ type ( art4 ,! _w1 h[ev]1 ne$s poets to create images ( a high] type ( beauty ?an ?is life c (f]4 ,^! images react on our mat]ial lives & ca/ !m 9 a nobl] mold4 ,sp5s]'s belief t ! subjective has p[] to fa%ion ! objective is express$ 9 two ( ! f9e/ l9es t he ev] wrote3-- ,= ( ! s\le ! bodie =me do? take2 ,= s\le is =me1 & do? ! bodie make4#g ,*ief ,*>act]i/ics ( ,sp5s]'s ,poetry4--,we c say ( ,sp5c]'s v]se t x /&s 9 ! front rank = 7#a7 melody1 7#b7 love ( ! beautiful1 & 7#c7 nobility ( ! ideals pres5t$4 ,8 poetry also 7#d7 %[s a pref]5ce = ! subjective _w1 7#e7 ex]ts a rem>kable influ5ce ov] o!r poets1 & 7#f7 displays a peculi> lik+ = obsolete =ms ( expression4 ,sp5c]'s melody is notewor?y4 ,if we read al\d correctly su* l9es z ^!1 we c sc>cely fail to be impress$ ) _! h>moni\s fl[3-- ,a teme ( ,dolph9s raung$ 9 aray ,drew ! smoo? *>ett ( sad ,cymo5t3 ,!y 7 all taught by ,triton to obay ,to ! long raynes at h] commaundem5t3 ,z swifte z swall[es on ! waves !y w5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^u great ,neptune's necke !y s(tly swim1 ,& to h] watry *amb] swiftly c>ry him4 ,deepe 9 ! bottome ( ! sea h] b[re ,is built ( holl[ bill[es heap$ hye4#h ,! foll[+ l9es w %[ ,sp5s]'s love = beauty1 & at ! same "t indicate ! nobility ( "s ( 8 ideal *>act]s4 ,he is describ+ ,lady ,una1 ! fair repres5tative ( true religion1 :o has lo/ ?r\gh en*antm5t h] ,gu>dian ,knight1 & :o is w&]+ disconsolate 9 ! =e/3-- 444,h] angel's face1 ,z ! great eye ( heav51 %yn$ bright1 ,& made a sun%9e 9 ! %ady place2 ,did nev] mortall eye behold su* heav5ly grace4 ,x =tun$ out ( ! ?icke/ wood ,a ramp+ ,lyon ru%$ sudde9ly1 ,hunt+ full gre$y aft] salvage blood4 ,soone z ! royall virg9 he did spy1 ,) gap+ m\? at h] ran gre$ily1 ,to h att once dev\r$ h] t5d] corse2 ,b to ! pray :5 z he drew m ny1 ,8 bloody rage aswag$ ) remorse1 ,& ) ! sight amazd1 =gat 8 furi\s =se4 ,9 /ead !re( he ki/ h] we>ie feet1 ,& lickt h] lilly h&s ) fawn+ tong1 ,z he h] wrong$ innoc5ce did weet4 ,o1 h[ c beautie mai/] ! mo/ /rong1 ,& simple tru? subdue av5g+ wrong6#i ,! p[] ( beauty has seldom be5 m vividly describ$4 ,z we read ! succe$+ /anzas & see ! lion foll[+ h]1 l a fai?ful dog1 to %ield h] f h>m1 we feel ! p[] ( bo? beauty & goodness & realize t ) ,sp5s] ^! t]ms are int]*angeable1 ,ea* "o ( ! prec$+ selections %[s 8 pref]5ce = ! subjective & ! ideal to ! actual4 ,sp5s] se>*$ = old & obsolete words4 ,he us$ eyne = eyes1 fone = foes1 %5d = %ame4 ,he did n hesitate to co9 words :5 he ne$$ !m1 l m]cify & =tunize4 ,he ev5 wrote wawes 9 place ( waves because he wi%$ x to rime ) jaws4 ,9 spite ( ^! peculi>ities1 ,sp5s] is n h>d read+ aft] ! fir/ appe>ance ( /rang5ess has worn away4 ,a critic rightly says t ,sp5s] repels none b ! anti-poetical4 ,8 influ5ce ^u o!r poets has be5 f>-rea*+4 ,milton1 ,dryd51 ,byron1 ,wordswor?1 ,keats1 & ,%elley %[ traces ( 8 influ5ce4 ,sp5s] has be5 call$ ! poet's poet1 because ! m poetical "o is1 ! m "o w enjoy him4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,drama ,! ,e>ly ,religi\s ,drama4--,x is necess>y to rememb] at ! outset t ! purpose ( ! religi\s drama 0 n to amuse1 b to give a vivid pres5tation ( scriptural tru?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! prim>y aim ( ! lat] dramati/ has usually be5 to ent]ta91 or1 9 ,%akespe>e's exact words1 to please4 ,%akespe>e 01 h[ev]1 =tunate 9 hav+ an audi5ce t 0 pleas$ to be in/ruct$1 z well z ent]ta9$4 ,be=e ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,engl& _h a religi\s drama t made a pr(\nd impression on life & ?\ght4 ,! old religi\s plays help$ to educate ! public1 ! playwrights1 & ! actors = ! lat] drama4 ,any "o may to-day =m "s idea ( ! rise ( ! religi\s drama1 by att5d+ ! s]vice ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* on ,*ri/mas or ,ea/] ,sunday4 ,9 _m ,ca?olic *ur*es !re may /ill be se5 at ,*ri/mas "t a repres5tation ( ! mang] at ,be?lehem4 ,sometimes ! figures ( ! infant ,savior1 ( ,joseph & ,m>y1 ( ! wise m51 ( ! %eep & cattle1 are v lifelike4 ,! ev5ts clu/]+ ab\t ! ,crucifixion & ! ,resurrection furni%$ ! mo/ /rik+ mat]ial = ! e>ly religi\s drama4 ,our e>lie/ dramatic writ]s drew _! inspiration f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,miracle & ,my/]y ,plays4--,a ,miracle play is ! dramatic repres5tation ( ! life ( a sa9t & ( ! miracles connect$ ) him4 ,a ,my/]y play deals ) gospel ev5ts :i* are conc]n$ ) any phase ( ! life ( ,*ri/1 or ) any ,biblical ev5t t remotely =e%ad[s ,*ri/ or indicates ! necessity ( a ,r$eem]4 ,9 ,engl& !re 7 few1 if any1 pure ,miracle plays1 b ! t]m ,miracle is appli$ indiscrim9ately to bo? ,miracles & ,my/]ies4 ,! fir/ ,miracle play 9 ,engl& 0 act$ probably n f> f #aajj4 ,9 ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies ^! plays _h become s popul> t !y 7 produc$ 9 ne>ly e "p ( ,engl&4 ,%akespe>e felt _! influ5ce4 ,he mu/ h _h frequ5t opportunities 9 8 boyhood to witness _! production4 ,!y 7 seldom p]=m$ 9 ,engl& aft] #afjj1 al?\gh visitors to ,g]many h1 e t5 ye>s1 ! opportunity ( see+ a mod]n production ( a ,my/]y 9 ! ,passion ,play at ,ob]amm]gau4 ,! ,subjects4--,f\r great cycles ( ,miracle plays h be5 pres]v$3 ! ,york1 ,*e/]1 & ,cov5try plays1 s call$ because !y 7 p]=m$ 9 ^? places1 & ! ,t[neley plays1 :i* take _! "n f ,t[neley ,hall 9 ,lanca%ire1 :]e ! manuscript 0 kept = "s "t4 ,x is probable t almo/ e t[n ( importance _h its own collection ( plays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,miracle ,,play ,,at ,,cov5try4 ,f an old pr9t ,! ,york cycle conta9s =ty-eight plays4 ,a cycle or circle ( plays means a li/ =m+ a complete circle f ,creation until ,doomsday4 ,! ,york collection beg9s ) ,creation & ! fall ( ,lucif] & ! bad angels f ,heav51--a !me :i* 0 lat] to inspire ! p5 ( "o ( ,engl&'s greate/ poets4 ,! trag$ies ( ,ed5 & ! ,flood1 sc5es f ! lives ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,moses1 ! mang] at ,be?lehem1 ! slaught] ( ! ,innoc5ts1 ! ,temptation1 ! resurrection ( ,laz>us1 ! ,la/ ,supp]1 ! ,trial1 ! ,crucifixion1 & ! ,ea/] triumph are a few ( ! ,miracle plays t 7 act$ 9 ! city ( ,york4 ,! ,actors & ,mann] ( ,pres5tation4--,at fir/ ! actors 7 prie/s :o pres5t$ ! plays ei!r 9 ! *ur* or 9 its imm$iate vic9ity on sacr$ gr\nd4 ,aft] a :ile ! plays became s popul> t ! laity pres5t$ !m4 ,:5 !y 7 at ! height ( _! popul>ity1 t is1 dur+ ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 ! actors 7 select$ ) great c>e f ! memb]s ( ! v>i\s trades guilds4 ,ea* guild und]took ! entire responsibility = ! pres5tation ( "s "o play1 & endeavor$ to surpass all ! o!r guilds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hell ,,m\?4,f a ,columbia ,univ]sity ,model4 ,consid]able humor 0 display$ 9 ! allotm5t ( v>i\s plays4 ,! tann]s pres5t$ ! fall ( ,lucif] & ! bad angels into ! inf]nal regions2 ! %ip c>p5t]s1 ! play ( ,noah & ! build+ ( ! ark2 ! bak]s1 ! ,la/ ,supp]2 ! but*]s1 ! ,crucifixion4 ,9 _! prime1 ! ,miracle plays 7 act$ on wood5 plat=ms m\nt$ on :eels4 ,!re 7 two di/9ct /ories 9 ^! movable /ages1 a l[] "o 9 :i* ! actors dress$1 & an upp] "o 9 :i* !y play$4 ,! entrance to ! l[] /ory1 kn[n z ,hell ,m\?1 consi/$ ( a t]rible pair ( dragonlike jaws1 pa9t$ r$4 ,f ^! jaws issu$ smoke1 flame1 & horrible outcries4 ,f ! entrance leap$ r$-coat$ devils to tempt ! ,savior1 ! sa9ts1 & m54 ,into x ! devils w\ld disappe> ) "s wick$ s\l4 ,!y w\ld torture x & make x ro> ) pa91 z ! smoke p\r$ fa/] f ! r$ jaws4 ,9 ,york on ,corpus ,*ri/i ,day1 :i* usually fell 9 ! fir/ week 9 ,june1 ! actors 7 ord]$ to be 9 _! places on ^! movable !at]s at half pa/ ?ree 9 ! morn+4 ,c]ta9 /ations _h be5 select$ ?r\gh\t ! city1 :]e ea* pageant %\ld /op &1 9 ! prop] ord]1 pres5t its own play4 ,9 ?is way ! enorm\s cr[ds t visit$ ,york to see ^! p]=mances 7 m ev5ly scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,! actors did n always rema9 on ! /age4 ,h]od1 = example1 9 8 magnific5t robes us$ to ride on horseback among ! p1 boa/ ( 8 pr[ess1 & ov]do ev]y?+4 ,%akespe>e1 :o 0 evid5tly famili> ) ! "*1 speaks ( out-,h]od+ ,h]od4 ,! ,devil also frequ5tly jump$ f ! /age & avail$ himself ( 8 lic5se to play pranks among ! audi5ce4 ,mu* ( ! act+ 0 und\bt$ly excell5t4 ,9 #adgf ! c\ncil at ,york orda9$ t f\r ( ! be/ play]s 9 ! city %\ld exam9e ) reg>d to fitness all :o wi%$ to take "p 9 ! plays4 ,s _m 7 desir\s ( act+ t x 0 mu* tr\ble to get rid ( incompet5ts4 ,! ord9ance ran3 ,all su* z !y %all f9d suffici5t 9 p]son & cunn+1 to ! honor ( ! ,city & wor%ip ( ! said ,crafts1 = to admit & able2 & all o!r insuffici5t p]sons1 ei!r 9 cunn+1 voice1 or p]son1 to dis*>ge1 ammove & avoid4 ,a critic says t ?is ord9ance is "o ( ! /eps on :i* ! greatness ( ! ,elizabe?an /age 0 built1 & ?r\gh :i* its actors grew up4#aj ,introduction ( ! ,comic ,elem5t 9 ! ,miracle ,plays4--,:ile ! old drama g5]ally conf9$ itself to religi\s subjects1 ! comic elem5t occasionally crept 91 made its p[] felt1 & disclos$ a new pa? = future playwrights4 ,9 ! ,play ( ,noah's ,flood1 :5 ! "t = ! flood has come1 ,noah's wife refuses to ent] ! ark & a dome/ic qu>rel ensues4 ,f9ally h] *ildr5 pull & %ove h] into ! ark4 ,:5 %e is safe on bo>d1 ,noah bids h] welcome4 ,8 enrag$ wife deals him res\nd+ bl[s until he calls to h] to /op1 because 8 back is ne>ly brok54 ,! ,play ( ! ,%eph]ds includes a g5u9e com$y1 ! fir/ com$y wor?y ( ! "n to appe> 9 ,engl&4 ,:ile wat*+ _! flocks on ,*ri/mas ,eve1 ! %eph]ds are jo9$ by ,mak1 a neighbor ^: reputation = hone/y is n good4 ,be=e !y g to sleep1 !y make him lie d[n )9 _! circle2 b he rises :5 he he>s !m beg9 to snore1 /eals a %eep1 & ha/5s home4 ,8 wife is al>m$1 because 9 t day ! !ft ( a %eep 0 puni%able by dea?4 ,%e f9ally concludes t ! be/ plan w be to wrap ! animal 9 swaddl+ clo!s & put x 9 ! cradle4 ,if ! %eph]ds come to se>* ! h\se1 %e w pret5d t %e has a *ild2 &1 if !y approa* ! cradle1 %e w caution !m aga9/ t\*+ x = fe> ( wak+ ! *ild & caus+ him to fill ! h\se ) 8 cries4 ,%e spe$ily hurries ,mak away to resume 8 slumb]s among ! %eph]ds4 ,:5 !y wake1 !y miss ! %eep1 suspect ,mak1 & g to se>* 8 h\se4 ,8 wife all[s !m to look ar\nd ?or\ghly1 b %e keeps !m away f ! cradle4 ,!y leave1 r a%am$ ( _! suspicion4 ,z !y are go+ out ( ! door1 a ?\ght /rikes "o ( !m :]eby !y c make p>tial am5ds4 ,decid+ to give ! *ild sixp5ce1 he returns1 lifts up ! cov]+ ( ! cradle1 & discov]s ! %eep4 ,mak & 8 wife bo? decl>e t an elf has *ang$ _! *ild into a %eep4 ,! %eph]ds ?reat5 to h ! pair hang$4 ,!y seize ,mak1 ?r[ him on a canvas1 & toss him into ! air until !y are exhau/$4 ,!y !n lie d[n to re/ & are r\s$ ) ! song ( an angel f ,be?lehem4 ,to produce ?is com$y requir$ g5u9e inv5tive imag9ation2 = !re is no?+ fa9tly resembl+ ?is incid5t 9 ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,^! e>ly ex]cises ( ! imag9ation 9 our drama may resemble ! tatt]+ foot/eps ( a *ild2 b !y 7 necess>y antec$5ts to ! /r5g?1 beauty1 & div9ity ( movem5t 9 ,elizabe?an times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fool',s ,,head4 ,/ate prop]ties ( ! ,vice & ,fool4 ,! ,morality4--,! next /ep 9 ! developm5t ( ! drama is kn[n z ! ,morality play4 ,?is p]sonifi$ ab/ractions4 ,*>act]s l ,*>ity1 ,hope1 ,fai?1 ,tru?1 ,covet\sness1 ,falsehood1 ,abom9able ,liv+1 ! ,_w1 ! ,fle%1 & ! ,devil1--9 %ort1 all ! ,virtues & ! ,vices1--came on ! /age 9 ! guise ( p]sons1 & play$ ! drama ( life4 ,critics d n agree ab\t ! precise way 9 :i* ! ,morality is relat$ to ! ,miracle play4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,miracle play _h already introduc$ "s ab/ractions4 ,9 "o v important respect1 ! ,morality m>ks an advance1 by giv+ m scope to ! imag9ation4 ,! ,miracle plays _h _! g5]al treatm5t absolutely pr$et]m9$ by ! ,scriptural v]sion ( ! action or by ! leg5ds ( ! lives ( sa9ts1 al?\gh div]t+ incid5ts c\ld be introduc$1 z we h se54 ,9 ! ,morality1 ! ev5ts c\ld take any turn :i* ! au?or *ose to give4 ,illu/ration3 ,,air-,,bag ,,flapp]4 ,/age prop]ties ( ! ,vice & ,fool4 ,9 spite ( ?is advantage1 ! ,morality is 9 g5]al a synonym = :at is un9t]e/+4 ,! *>act]s born ( ab/ractions are too (t5 bloodless1 l _! p>5ts4 ,! ,morality "u a *ang$ "n 0 curr5t a few ye>s ago 9 ! av]age ,sunday-s*ool book4 ,incompet5t writ]s ( fiction today (t5 adopt ! ,morality pr9ciple 9 mak+ _! *>act]s unnaturally good or bad1 m]e puppets :o d n develop along ! l9e ( _! own emotional prompt+1 b are mov$ by ma*9]y 9 ! au?or's h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,la? ,,dagg]4 ,/age prop]ties ( ! ,vice & ,fool4 ,a new "*1 ! ,vice1 0 add$ z an adjunct to ! ,devil1 to increase ! int]e/ ( ! audi5ce 9 ! ,morality play4 ,! ,vice repres5t$ ! lead+ _s ( evil 9 any p>ticul> play1 sometimes ,fraud1 ,covet\sness1 ,pride1 ,iniquity1 or ,hypocrisy4 ,x 0 ! bus9ess ( ! ,vice to annoy ! ,virtues & to be con/antly play+ pranks4 ,! ,vice 0 ! pr$ecessor ( ! cl[n & ! fool ^u ! /age4 ,! ,vice also amus$ ! audi5ce by torm5t+ ! ,devil1 belabor+ him ) a sword ( la?1 /ick+ ?orns into him1 & mak+ him ro> ) pa94 ,sometimes ! ,devil w\ld be kick$ d[n ,hell ,m\? by ! (f5d$ ,virtues2 b he w\ld soon reappe> ) saucily curl$ tail1 & at ! end ( ! play he w\ld delight ! spectators by plung+ into ,hell ,m\? ) ! ,vice on 8 back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fool ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,play4 ,c\rt ,plays4--,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! c\rt & ! nobility especially enc\rag$ ! production ( plays ^: ma9 object 0 to ent]ta94 ,! influ5ce ( ! c\rt 9 %ap+ ! drama became mu* m p[]ful ?an t ( ! *ur*4 ,wallace says ( ! new mat]ials :i* 8 rese>*es h disclos$ 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury3-- ,!y ?r[ into ! lime-light a brilliant developm5t ( ?is new drama ?r\gh ! ,*apel ,royal1 a developm5t t took place prim>ily "u ! direction ( ! great musicians :o s]v$ z ma/]s ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ,*apel & z c\rt ent]ta9]s1 ! fir/ true poets-laureate1 ?r\gh ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,edw>d ,,vi41 ,m>y1 & ,elizabe?4#aa ,9 #aeji ,h5ry ,,viii4 appo9t$ ,william ,corni% 7di$ #aebc7 to be ,ma/] ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,*apel ,royal4 ,?is c\rt in/itution ) its *oral body ( m5 & boys n only m9i/]$ by song to ! spiritual well-be+ ( ! sov]eign & 8 h\sehold1 b also gave !m temporal enjoym5t 9 dances1 pageants1 & plays4 ,we mu/ n =get1 h[ev]1 t ! ,*apel ,royal 0 orig9ally1 z its "n implies1 a religi\s body4 ,corni% 0 a capable dramati/1 z well z a musician & a poet2 & he1 unlike ! au?or ( ,ev]yman1 wrote plays simply to amuse ! c\rt & its gue/s4 ,he has ev5 be5 call$ ! f\nd] ( ! secul> ,engli% drama4#ab ,! c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 became especially fond ( ! ,int]lude1 :i* 0 a %ort play1 (t5 giv5 9 connection ) a banquet or o!r ent]ta9m5t4 ,any dramatic incid5t1 su* z ! refusal ( ,noah's wife to ent] ! ark1 or ,mak's ?iev]y 9 ,! ,play ( ! ,%eph]ds1 might s]ve z an ,int]lude4 ,corni% & ,john ,heywood 7#adig8--aehj871 a c\rt dramati/ ( mu* v]satility1 incorporat$ 9 ! ,int]lude _m ( ! elem5ts ( ! five-act drama4 ,! ,f\r ,p's1 ! mo/ fam\s ,int]lude1 %[s a conte/ betwe5 a ,p>don]1 ,palm]1 ,p$l>1 & ,potic>y1 to det]m9e :o c\ld tell ! greate/ lie4 ,wallace ?9ks t ! be/ ,int]ludes1 su* z ,! ,f\r ,p's & ,! ,p>don] & ! ,fr]e1 7 writt5 by ,corni%1 al?\gh !y are usually ascrib$ to ,heywood4 ,corni% _h unusual ability z a devis] ( masques & plays4 ,"o ( 8 int]ludes = *ildr5 has allegorical *>act]s t remotely sugge/ "s t appe> 9 ! mod]n ,bluebird1 by ,maet]l9ck4 ,corni% _h ,w9d appe> 9 blue ) drops ( silv]2 ,ra91 9 black ) silv] honeysuckles2 ,w9t]1 9 russet ) flakes ( silv] sn[2 ,summ]1 9 gre5 ) gold />s2 & ,spr+1 9 gre5 ) gold primroses4 ,9 #aebb ,corni% wrote & pres5t$ be=e ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 gue/1 ! ,roman emp]or1 a political play1 especially plann$ to indicate ! attitude ( ! ,engli% mon>* t[>d ,spa9 & ,france4 ,"u c\rt influ5ces1 ! drama enl>g$ its scope & 0 no long] *iefly ! vehicle = religi\s in/ruction4 ,e>ly ,com$ies4--,two e>ly com$ies1 divid$1 aft] ! classical fa%ion1 into acts & sc5es1 %[ close approximation to ! mod]n =m ( ,engli% plays4 ,ralph ,roy/] ,doy/] 0 writt5 n f> f ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury by ,ni*olas ,udall 7#aeje-aeef71 sometime ma/] ( ,eton ,college &1 lat]1 c\rt poet "u ,que5 ,m>y4 ,?is play1 f\nd$ on a com$y ( ,plautus1 %[s ! classical influ5ce :i* 0 s p[]ful 9 ,engl& at ?is "t4 ,ralph1 ! h]o1 is a conceit$ simpleton4 ,he falls 9 love ) a wid[ :o has already promis$ h] h& to a man inf9itely ,ralph's sup]ior4 ,ralph1 h[ev]1 unable to und]/& :y %e %\ld n want him1 p]si/s 9 8 woo+4 ,%e makes him ! butt ( h] jokes1 & he f9ds himself 9 ridicul\s positions4 ,! com$y amuses u 9 ?is way until h] lov] returns & m>ries h]4 ,! *>act]s ( ! play1 :i* is writt5 9 rime1 are ( ! ,engli% middle class4 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 ! "w ( ,william ,/ev5son1 a little-kn[n pre-,%akespe>ean writ]1 0 act$ at ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 %ortly aft] ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is play borr[s h>dly any?+ f ! classical /age4 ,mo/ ( ! *>act]s ( ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le are f ! l[e/ ,engli% work+ classes1 & its language1 unlike t ( ,ralph ,roy/] ,doy/]1 :i* has little to (f5d1 is v co>se4 ,gorboduc & ! ,dramatic ,unities4--,! trag$y ( ,gorboduc1 ! fir/ regul> ,engli% trag$y writt5 9 blank v]se1 0 act$ 9 #aefa1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,%akespe>e4 ,?is play is 9 "p ! "w ( ,?omas ,sackville 7#aecf-afjh71 a poet & diplomat1 ! au?or ( two p[]ful somb] poems1 ! ,induction & ,compla9t ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham4 ,9 spite ( _! heavy n>rative =m1 ^! poems are 9 places ev5 m dramatic ?an ! dull trag$y ( ,gorboduc1 :i* 0 fa%ion$ aft] ! classical rules ( ,s5eca & ! ,greeks4 ,gorboduc requires little action on ! /age4 ,!re is consid]able blood%$ 9 ! play2 b ! spectators are in=m$ ( ! c>nage by a mess5g]1 z !y are n p]mitt$ to witness a bloody conte/ on ! /age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,sackville4 ,if ,gorboduc _h be5 tak5 = a model1 ! ,engli% drama c\ld nev] h atta9$ ,%akespe>ean greatness4 ,our drama w\ld !n h be5 crippl$ by foll[+ ! classical rules1 :i* prescrib$ unity ( place & "t 9 ! plot & ! action4 ,! anci5ts held t a play %\ld n repres5t actions :i* w\ld1 9 actual life1 require mu* m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs = _! p]=mance4 ,if "o ( ! *>act]s 0 a boy1 he _h to be repres5t$ z a boy ?r\gh\t ! play4 ,! next act c\ld n introduce him z "o :o _h gr[n to manhood 9 ! int]val4 ,! classical rules fur!r requir$ t ! action %\ld be p]=m$ 9 "o place1 or ne> x4 ,any?+ t happ5$ at a great di/ance _h to be relat$ by a mess5g]1 & n act$ on ! /age4 ,_h ^! rules be5 foll[$1 ! ,engli% drama c\ld nev] h pa9t$ ! gr[? & developm5t ( "*1 :i* is n ! "w ( a day4 ,! g5ius ( ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e taught !m to disreg>d ^! dramatic unities4 ,9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ! action is n[ at ! c\rt1 & n[ 9 ! f>-(f ,=e/ ( ,ard54 ,%akespe>e knew t ! imag9ation c\ld trav]se ! di/ance4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! play ,oliv] is an unnatural1 brutal bro!r2 b ev5ts *ange him1 s t 9 ! f\r? act1 :5 he is ask$ if he is ! man :o tri$ to kill 8 bro!r1 ,oliv] replies3-- ',twas ,i2 b 'tis n ,i4 ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,elizabe?an ,,plays ,illu/ration3 ,,!at] ,,9 ,,inn ,,y>d4 ,f ,columbia ,univ]sity model4 ,! ,elizabe?an ,!at]4--,be=e consid]+ ! "w ( ! ,elizabe?an dramati/s1 we %\ld "k some?+ ( ! conditions :i* !y _h to meet 9 ord] to produce plays = ! contempor>y /age4 ,! c\rty>d ( ,london inns (t5 s]v$ z a playh\se be=e suffici5t regul> !at]s 7 built4 ,! /age 0 9 "o end ( ! y>d1 & ! unus$ gr\nd space 9 front s]v$ z ! pit4 ,two or ?ree ti]s ( gall]ies or balconies ar\nd ! y>d af=d$ additional space = bo? actors & spectators4 ,^! inn y>ds furni%$ _m sugge/ions :i* 7 incorporat$ 9 ! e>ly !at]s4 ,! fir/ build+ 9 ,engl& = ! public pres5tation ( plays 0 kn[n z ,! ,!at]4 ,x 0 built 9 ,london 9 #aegf4 ,9 #aeih ,%akespe>e & 8 associates1 fail+ to secure a lease ( ! gr\nd on :i* ?is build+ /ood1 pull$ x d[n1 c>ri$ ! mat]ials across ! riv]1 & erect$ ! fam\s ,globe ,!at] on ! ,bankside1 z ! /reet runn+ along ! s\? side ( ! ,?ames 0 call$4 ,9 late ye>s a c>eful /udy ( ! specifications 7#aeii7 = build+ ! ,=tune ,!at] 7see ,frontispiece7 has ?r[n mu* light on ! ,globe1 :i* is unusually important f its association ) ,%akespe>e4 ,al?\gh ! ,=tune 0 squ>e1 :ile ! ,globe 0 octagonal1 ! ,=tune 0 9 _m ess5tials model$ aft] ! ,globe4 ,a "p ( ! specifications ( ! ,=tune read z foll[s3-- 444! frame ( ! saide h[se to be sett squ>e & to conte9e f[]score foote ( lawful assize ev]ye waie squ>e1 )\t1 & fiftie five foote ( l assize squ>e1 ev]ye waie )9 444 & ! saide frame to conte9e ?ree /ories 9 heig? 444 ! /adge %all conte9e 9 l5g? =tie & ?ree foote ( lawfull assize1 & 9 bread? to ext5de to ! middle ( ! y>de ( ! said h[se3 ! same /adge to be pal$ 9 bel[e ) goode /ronge & sufficy5t new ok5 bo>des444 ,& ! said /adge to be 9 all o!r proportions contryv$ & fa%ion$ l unto ! /adge ( ! wide ,playh[se call$ ! ,globe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,recon/ruct$ ,,globe ,,!at]1 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,engl&1 ,,e>l',s ,,c\rt1 ,,london1 #aiab4 ,f an orig9al draw+4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! tw5tie? c5tury has made a detail$ /udy ( ! /age on :i* ! ,great ,elizabe?an plays 7 act$4 ,g4,f4 ,reynolds says3-- ,mo/ /ud5ts agree t ! 'typical' ,elizabe?an /age consi/$ ( a plat=m1 uncurta9$ 9 front1 op5 z well at ! sides1 c>pet$1 x is g5]ally said1 ) ru%es1 & surr\nd$ ) a rail+1 a space beh9d ?is plat=m clos$ by a slid+ curta91 & a balcony ) its own curta9s & entrances4 ,!re 7 also a space bel[ ! /age rea*$ by trap doors1 a dress+ room beh9d ! /age1 ma*9]y by :i* *>act]s asc5d$ to & desc5d$ f "s place above1 & 9 "s !at]s at lea/1 a 'heav5s1' or ro( ov] "p or all ( ! /age4#ac ,possibly no s+le /age _h e feature m5tion$ 9 ! above description1 :i* gives1 h[ev]1 a good g5]al idea ( a typical /age ( ! "t4 ,we mu/ rememb] t no "o has ! "r to ass]t t diff]5t ,elizabe?an /ages did n diff] 9 details4 ,we are n sure t e /age 0 s plann$ z to be divid$ into two p>ts by a slid+ curta94 ,! draw+ ( ! ,swan ,!at] %[s no place = su* a curta91 al?\gh x is possible t ! draftsman =got to include x4 ,! specifications ( ! /age ( ! ,=tune ,!at] make no m5tion ( a rail+4 ,! ,play & ! ,audi5ce4--,x is impossible to criticize ,elizabe?an plays prop]ly f ! po9t ( view ( ! tw5tie?-c5tury /age4 ,_m mod]n criticisms are %[n to be )\t reason :5 we und]/& ! wi%es ( ! audi5ce & ! mann] ( pres5t+ ! plays4 ,! conditions ( ! entry or ! rentry ( a play] might expla9 "s ( ^? l5g?y monologues t seem s in>ti/ic to mod]n dramati/s4 ,! ,elizabe?an !at]s & ! ta/es ( _! patrons _h c]ta9 important *>act]i/ics ( _! own4 ,i4 ,9 ! public !at]s1#ad ! play began 9 ! e>ly aft]noon1 usually betwe5 two & ?ree o'clock1 & la/$ = ab\t two h\rs4 ,! audi5ce 0 an al]t "o1 nei!r jad$ by a long day's bus9ess nor r5d]$ impati5t by wait+ = ! adju/m5t ( sc5]y4 ,! ,elizabe?ans con/itut$ a vigor\s audi5ce1 eag] to meet ! dramati/ & actors m ?an half way 9 int]pret+ :at 0 pres5t$4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! case ( su* public !at]s z ! ,globe & ! ,=tune1 ev5 _! ro($ p>ts1 :i* ext5d$ ar\nd ! pit & back ( ! /age & :i* conta9$ ! gall]ies & ! boxes1 7 all expos$ to ! op5 air on ! inn] side4 ,! pit1 :i* 0 imm$iately 9 front ( ! /age1 _h ! sky = a ro( & ! gr\nd = a floor4 ,! frequ5t]s ( ! pit1 :o (t5 jo/l$ ea* o!r = /&+ room1 7 sometimes call$ ! gr\ndl+s4 ,occasionally a sev]e ra9 w\ld drive !m out ( ! !at] to seek %elt]4 ,^? :o att5d$ ! ,elizabe?an public !at] 7 9 no dang] ( be+ made dr[sy or sick by its bad air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bankside ,,& ,,its ,,!at]s #a4 ,! ,swan ,!at]4 #c4 ,! ,hope ,!at]4 #e4 ,old ,/4 ,paul's4 #b4 ,! ,be> ,g>d5s4 #d4 ,! ,globe ,!at]4 #f4 ,! ,temple4 ,,iii4 ,! audi5ces did n att5d m]ely = relaxation or amusem5t4 ,!y (t5 came = in=mation & education1 & !y 7 probably glad to le>n ab\t al*emy f "o ( ,b5 ,jonson's plays4 ,! audi5ce d\btless welcom$ long monologues if !y 7 well deliv]$ & pres5t$ ideas ( wor?4 ,! !at] took ! place ( lectures1 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( books4 ,we "k t 9 #afjh ! ,blackfri>s ,!at] act$ ! "p ( a newspap] 9 pres5t+ a sc&al ab\t ! ,fr5* k+ & t at ano!r "t x gave "s humor\s in=mation conc]n+ ! ,engli% mon>*'s newly discov]$ silv] m9e 9 ,scotl&4 ,,iv4 ,! ,elizabe?ans lov$ good poetry = its imag9ative appeal4 ,%akespe>e 0 a poet be=e he 0 a dramati/4 ,beautiful poetry pres5t+ high ideals mu/ h met ) vigor\s appreciation1 or ,%akespe>e c\ld n h cont9u$ to produce su* great "w4 ,v4 ,! ,elizabe?ans also dem&$ /ory & incid5t4 ,mod]n critics h (t5 notic$ t ! *>act]ization 9 ,%akespe>e's f\r? acts1 e4g41 9 ,macbe?1 does n equal t 9 ! prec$+ "p ( ! play2 b ! f\r? act ( ,macbe? int]e/$ ! ,elizabe?ans because !re 0 progress 9 ! complicat$ /ory4 ,to mod]n !at]go]s ?is f\r? act seems to drag because !y h acquir$ ?r\gh novel read+ a lik+ = analysis & dissection4 ,%akespe>e succe$$ 9 int]e/+ ! ,elizabe?ans by embody+ 9 /ory & incid5t 8 portrayal ( "*4 ,because ( admiration = ! revelation ( "* 9 8 greate/ plays1 mod]n read]s =get _! mov+ incid5ts1--= in/ance1 ! almo/ blood-curdl+ appe>ances ( a gho/1 ! actions ( a craz$ woman1 ! kill+ ( an eavesdropp] on ! /age1 two m5 fight+ at an op5 grave1 ! skull & bones ( a human be+ dug f a grave 9 full view ( ! audi5ce1 ! fight+ to ! dea? on ! /age1 :i* is gha/ly ) corpses at ! close4 ,:5 we add to ?is ! ro> ( cannon :5ev] ! k+ dr9ks1 z well z :5 !re is "s m notewor?y action1 & rememb] t ! v la/ words ( ,hamlet are3 ,g1 bid ! soldi]s %oot1 we %all realize t !re 0 n mu* dang] ( go+ to sleep ev5 dur+ a p]=mance ( ,hamlet4 ,sc5]y4--,! conditions "u :i* e>ly ,elizabe?an plays 7 sometimes produc$ are ?us describ$ by ,sir ,philip ,sidney3-- ,y %all h ,asia ( ! "o side1 & ,africa ( ! o!r1 & s _m o!r "u-k+doms1 t ! play] :5 he comes 91 mu/ ev] beg9 ) tell+ y :]e he is1 or else ! tale w n be conceiv$4 ,n[ %all y h ?ree ladies walk to ga!r fl[]s1 & !n we mu/ believe ! /age to be a g>d54 ,by & by we he> news ( a %ipwreck 9 ! same place1 !n we are to blame if we accept x n = a rock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,contempor>y ,,draw+ ,,( ,,int]ior ,,( ,,an ,,elizabe?an ,,!at]#ae4 ,^? :o rememb] ?is well-kn[n quotation too (t5 =get t ,sidney wrote be=e ,%akespe>e's plays 7 produc$4 ,we d n "k :e!r ,sidney 0 describ+ a private or a public /age1 b ! private !at]s _h ! great] am\nt ( sc5]y4 ,mod]n rese>* has %[n t ! mann] ( pres5t+ plays did n rema9 /ation>y :ile ! drama 0 rapidly evolv+4 ,be=e ,%akespe>e di$1 !re 7 su* /age prop]ties z b$s1 tables1 *airs1 di%es1 fett]s1 %op w>es1 & p]haps also "s artificial trees1 mossy banks1 & rocks4 ,a !atrical manag] 9 an inv5tory ( /age prop]ties 7#aeih7 m5tions ! sittie ( ,rome1 :i* 0 p]haps a clo? s pa9t$ z to pres5t a p]spective ( ! city4 ,he also speaks ( a clo? ( ! ,sone & ,mone4 ,! use ( su* pa9t$ clo?s 0 an important /ep t[>d mod]n sc5]y4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 conclude t ! sc5]y ( any ,elizabe?an !at] w\ld h seem$ scant to "o accu/om$ to ! detail$ sett+ ( ! mod]n /age4 ,! comp>atively little sc5]y 9 ,elizabe?an !at]s impos$ /r5u\s imag9ative ex]cise on ! spectators4 ,?is ef=t 0 =tunate = all conc]n$--= ! dramati/ & = ! actor1 b especially = ! spectator1 :o became accu/om$ to give an imag9ative int]pretation & sett+ to a play t w\ld mean little to a mod]n !at]go]4 ,actors4--,^? :o h se5 "s ( ! rec5t p]=mances ( plays "u ,elizabe?an conditions1 on a /age model$ aft] t ( ,%akespe>e's "t h be5 surpris$ at ! increase ( ! actors' p[]4 ,! /age projects f> en\gh into ! pit to br+ ! actors close to ! audi5ce4 ,_! appeal ?us becomes f> m p]sonal1 direct1 & =ceful4 ,! spectator m easily id5tifies himself ) !m & almo/ feels z if he 7 a "p ( ! play4 ,?is has be5 ! exp]i5ce ( ^? :o h se5 ! old-"t reproduction ( plays z diff]5t z ,! ,tempe/1 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 & ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+4 ,9 ! case ( ,! ,tempe/1 a v int]e/+ act 0 pres5t$ :5 all ! sc5]y consi/$ ( a bo>d on :i* 0 pa9t$ ,prosp]o ,isle4 ,9 ,%akespe>e's times1 ! plays 7 probably well act$4 ,:ile ! fame ( ,elizabe?an actors l ,edw>d ,alleyn & ,ri*>d ,burbage has come d[n to mod]n times1 ! success ( plays did n dep5d on s+le />s4 ,%akespe>e is said to h play$ 9 m9or rles4 ,! audi5ce disc\rag$ bad act+4 ,! occupants ( ! pit w\ld ?r[ apples or worse missiles at an unsatisfactory play]1 & sometimes ! disgu/$ spectators w\ld sudd5ly leap on ! /age & *ase an incompet5t actor (f ! bo>ds4 ,prior to ! ,re/oration 9 #affj1 ! wom5's p>ts 7 tak5 by boys4 ,:ile ?is mu/ h hamp]$ ! pres5tation ( *>act]s l ,lady ,macbe?1 x is n[ kn[n to h be5 less ( a h&icap ?an 0 =m]ly ?\ght4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury has se5 fem99e p>ts s well play$ by c>efully tra9$ boys t ! mo/ a/ute wom5 spectators nev] detect$ ! deception4 ,boys1 especially ^? ( ! ,*apel ,royal1 _h = a long "t act$ mascul9e1 z well z fem99e1 p>ts4 ,z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! *oir boys 7 pres5t+ "s ( ! great ,elizabe?an plays 9 a private !at] connect$ ) ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,ros5crantz 9 ! second act ( ,hamlet be>s witness to ! popul>ity ( ^! boy actors1 :5 he calls !m little eyases1 t cry on ! top ( "q & are mo/ tyrannically clapp$ = x4 ,b5 ,jonson's t\*+ lyrical epitaph on a boy actor1 ,sala?iel ,pavy1 :o _h = ?ree fill'd zodiacs be5 ! /age's jewel1 %[s h[ highly ! ,elizabe?ans sometimes reg>d$ boy actors4 ,! regul> !at]s f\nd ! companies ( boys su* /rong rivals t1 9 #afji1 ,%akespe>e & o!r !atrical manag]s us$ mod]n bus9ess me?ods to suppress competition & agre$ to pay ! ma/] ( ! boys ( ,/4 ,paul's en\gh to cause him to )draw !m p]man5tly f compet+ ) ! o!r !at]s4 ,,pre-,,%akespe>ean ,,dramati/s ,! ,univ]sity ,wits & ,?omas ,kyd4--,five au?ors1 ,john ,lyly1 ,george ,peele1 ,rob]t ,gre5e1 ,?omas ,lodge1 & ,?omas ,na%e1 all graduates ( ,ox=d or ,cambridge1 7 suffici5tly v]satile to be call$ univ]sity wits4 ,amid v>i\s o!r activities1 all ( !m 7 impell$ by ! _s ( ! age to write plays4 ,^! intellectual ari/ocrats hurl$ ! ke5 %afts ( _! wit at ^? dramati/s1 :o1 )\t a univ]sity education1 7 arrogant en\gh to ?9k t !y c\ld write plays4 ,because ,%akespe>e _h nev] att5d$ a univ]sity1 ,gre5e call$ him an up/>t ,cr[ beautifi$ ) our fea!rs4 ,on ,new ,ye>'s1 #aehd1 ,john ,lyly1 ! au?or ( ,euphues1 pres5t$ 9 ! fir/ ,blackfri>s ,!at]#af 8 prose com$y1 entitl$ ,campaspe4 ,?is play relates ! love /ory ( ,alex&] ! ,great's fair ,!ban captive1 ,campaspe4 ,! tw5ty-eight *>act]s necess>y to produce ?is play 7 obta9$ f ! boys ( ! ,*apel ,royal & ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,two mon?s lat] ,lyly's ,sapho & ,phao 0 giv5 9 ! same !at] ) a ca/ ( sev5te5 boys4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! plays1 s important 9 ! evolution ( ! drama1 7 act$ by boys "u royal patronage4 ,campaspe is little m ?an a s]ies ( episodes1 divid$ into acts & sc5es1 b1 unlike ,gorboduc1 ,campaspe has _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an int]e/+ mod]n play4 ,lyly wrote eight com$ies1 all b "o 9 prose4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! drama1 he is important = 7#a7 f9i%$ /yle1 7#b7 good dialogue1 7#c7 consid]able inv5tion 9 ! way he secur$ int]e/1 by us+ classical matt] 9 comb9ation ) contempor>y life1 7#d7 subtle com$y1 & 7#e7 influ5ce on ,%akespe>e4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,%akespe>e c\ld h produc$ su* good e>ly com$ies1 if he _h n receiv$ sugge/ions f ,lyly's "w 9 ?is field4 ,! *apel boys also pres5t$ at ,blackfri>s 9 ! same ye> ,george ,peele's 7#aeeh-aeig7 ,! ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is1 a pa/oral drama 9 rim+ v]se4 ,9 ,juno's promise to ,p>is1 ,peele %[s h[ ! possibilities ( ! ,new ,_w affect$ 8 imag9ation3-- ,xan?us %all run liquid gold = !e to wa% ?y h&s2 ,& if ?\ l to t5d ?y flock & n f !m to fly1 ,_! fleeces %all be curld gold to please _! ma/]'s eye4 ,:ile ,! ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is & 8 two o!r plays1 ,david & ,ba?sabe & ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale1 are n good specim5s ( dramatic con/ruction1 ! beauty ( "s ( ,peele's v]se c\ld h>dly h fail$ to impress bo? ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e ) ! poetic possibilities ( ! drama4 ,peele writes )\t ef=t-- ,( moss t sleeps ) s\nd ! wat]s make1 & has ,david build-- 444a k+ly b[]1 ,seat$ 9 he>+ ( a hundr$ /reams4 ,rob]t ,gre5e 7#aefj-aeib7 %[$ mu* skill 9 7#a7 ! con/ruction ( plots1 7#b7 ! revelation ( simple & g5u9e human feel+1 & 7#c7 ! weav+ ( an int]e/+ /ory into a play4 ,8 be/ drama is ! poetic com$y ,fri> ,bacon & ,fri> ,bungay4 ,9 ?is play1 he made ! love /ory ! c5tral po9t ( int]e/4 ,?omas ,lodge 7#aeeh-afbe71 au?or ( ! /ory ,rosalynde1 :i* ,%akespe>e us$ to su* good advantage1 wrote 9 collaboration ) ,gre5e1 ,a ,look+ ,glass = ,london & ,engl&1 & an indep5d5t play1 ,! ,w\nds ( ,civil ,w>4 ,?omas ,na%e 7#aefg-afja71 be/ kn[n = 8 pic>esque novel1 ,! ,un=tunate ,travel]1 wrote a play1 ,summ]'s ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t1 b he & ,lodge _h little dramatic ability4 ,?omas ,kyd 7#aeeh-aeid71 al?\gh lack+ a univ]sity education1 succe$$ 9 writ+1 ab\t #aehf1 ! mo/ popul> e>ly ,elizabe?an play1 ,! ,spani% ,trag$y1 a blank v]se drama1 9 :i* blood fl[s pr(usely4 ,al?\gh ?is play is n free f classical influ5ces1 yet its excell5ce ( con/ruction1 effective dramatic situations1 vigor ( movem5t1 & romantic _s help$ to prep>e ! way = ! trag$ies ( ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e4 ,,*ri/oph] ,,m>l[e1 #aefd-aeic ,life4--,! ye> #aefd saw ! bir? ( ! two greate/ g5iuses 9 ! ,engli% drama1 ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e4 ,m>l[e1 ! son ( a %oemak]1 0 born at ,cant]bury1 & educat$ at ,cambridge4 ,:5 he 0 graduat$1 ! dramatic pr(ession 0 ! only "o t gave full scope to g5ius l 84 ,he became bo? playwrit] & actor4 ,all 8 extant "w 0 writt5 9 ab\t six ye>s4 ,:5 he 0 only tw5ty-n9e he 0 fatally /abb$ 9 a tav]n qu>rel4 ,%akespe>e _h at t age n produc$ 8 greate/ plays4 ,m>l[e unwitt+ly wrote 8 own epitaph 9 t ( ,dr4 ,fau/us3-- ,cut is ! bran* t might h gr[n full /raight1 ,& burn$ is ,apollo's laurel-b\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>l[e',s ,,memorial ,,/atue ,,at ,,cant]bury4 ,works4--,m>l[e's great trag$ies are f\r 9 numb] ,timb]l9e1 ,dr4 ,fau/us1 ,! ,jew ( ,malta1 & ,edw>d1 ,,ii44 ,no c>eful /ud5t ( ,engli% lit]ature c af=d to be unacqua9t$ ) any ( !m4 ,%akespe>e's "w appe>s less miracul\s :5 we "k t a pr$ecessor at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r _h writt5 plays l ,timb]l9e & ,dr4 ,fau/us4 ,timb]l9e %[s ! supreme ambition = conque/1 = controll+ ! _w ) physical =ce4 ,x is su* a play z might h be5 sugge/$ to an ,elizabe?an by wat*+ ,napoleon's c>e]4 ,dr4 ,fau/us1 on ! o!r h&1 %[s ! desire = k t w\ld give univ]sal p[]1 a desire born ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! ,jew ( ,malta is ! inc>nation ( ! passion = ! _w's weal?1 a passion t t[]s above common gre$ only by ! magnific5ce ( its imm5sity4 ,9 t play we see t ,m>l[e-- ,)\t control c pick 8 ri*es up1 ,& 9 8 h\se heap pe>l l pebble /ones1 99 99 99 99 99 ,inf9ite ri*es 9 a little room4 ,edw>d ,,ii4 gives a pa!tic picture ( "o ( ! weake/ ( k+s4 ,?is %[s m ev5ness & regul>ity ( con/ruction ?an any ( ,m>l[e's o!r plays2 b x is ! "o lea/ *>act]i/ic ( him4 ,! o!rs manife/ m int5sity ( imag9ation1 m ( ! _s ( ! age4 ,dr4 ,fau/us %[s ,m>l[e's peculi> g5ius at its be/4 ,! leg5d on :i* ! play is bas$ came f ,g]many1 b ,m>l[e brea!d 8 own imag9ative _s into ! trag$y4 ,fau/us is we>i$ ) ! b>r5 philosophy ( ! pa/4 ,he is impati5t to secure at once ! b5efits ( ! ,new ,le>n+1 :i* seems to him to h all ! p[]s ( magic4 ,if he c imm$iately enjoy ! fruits ( su* k1 he says3-- ,_h ,i z _m s\ls z !re be />s1 ,i'd give !m all4 ,9 ord] to acquire ?is k & ! result+ p[] = tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 he sells 8 s\l to ,mephi/opheles4 ,fau/us !n proce$s to enjoy all t ! new ord] ( ?+s promis$4 ,he comm&s ,hom] to come f ! realm ( %ades to s+ 8 entranc+ songs4 ,he summons ,hel5 to appe> be=e him 9 ! morn+ ( h] beauty4 ,! apo/rophe to h] %[s ! vividness & exub]ance ( 8 imag9ation3-- ,0 ?is ! face t laun*$ a ?\s& %ips ,& burnt ! topless t[]s ( ,ilium8 ,sweet ,hel51 make me immortal ) a kiss4 99 99 99 99 99 ,oh6 ?\ art fair] ?an ! ev5+ air ,clad 9 ! beauty ( a ?\s& />s4 ,m>l[e left a fragm5t ( a lyrical poem1 entitl$ ,h]o & ,le&]1 :i* is "o ( ! f9e/ productions ( its k9d 9 ! language4 ,%akespe>e accord$ him ! unusual honor ( quot+ f ?is poem4 ,9 ,:at ,s5se is ,m>l[e a ,f\nd] ( ! ,engli% ,drama8--,8 success ) blank v]se %[$ ,%akespe>e t ?is 0 ! prop] v]sification = ! drama4 ,be=e ,m>l[e1 rime or prose _h be5 *iefly employ$ 9 writ+ plays4 ,sackville _h us$ blank v]se 9 ,gorboduc1 b 8 v]se & ,m>l[e's are z unlike z ! movem5ts ( ! ox & ! flight ( ! swall[4 ,! s5t5ces ( ,gorboduc g5]ally end ) ! l9e1 & ! acc5ts usually fall 9 ! same place4 ,m>l[e's blank v]se %[s great v>iety1 & ! major pause frequ5tly does n come at ! end ( ! l9e4 ,m>l[e ca/ ! dramatic unities to ! w9d4 ,! action 9 ,dr4 ,fau/us occupies tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 & ! sc5e *anges f c\ntry to c\ntry4 ,he knew t he 0 speak+ to a p ^: imag9ations c\ld accompany him & int]pret :at he utt]$4 ,! o!r dramati/s foll[$ him 9 plac+ imag9ative int]pretation above measurem5ts by ! foot rule ( ! intellect4 ,symonds says ( him3 ,x 0 he :o irrevocably decid$ ! de/9ies ( ! romantic drama2 & ! :ole subsequ5t evolution ( t species1 includ+ ,%akespe>e's "w1 c be reg>d$ z ! expansion1 rectification1 & arti/ic ennoblem5t ( ! type fix$ by ,m>l[e's epo*-mak+ trag$ies4 ,9 v little m ?an fifty ye>s f ! publication ( ,tamburla9e1 our drama _h run its c\rse ( unp>allel$ en]gy & spl5dor4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,z we sum up ,m>l[e's g5]al qualities1 x is well to note t !y exhibit 9 a /rik+ way ! *>act]i/ics ( ! "t4 ,9 ! morn+ ( t y\?ful age ! sup]lative 0 possible4 ,tamburla9e1 ,! ,jew ( ,malta1 & ,dr4 ,fau/us %[ 9 ! sup]lative degree ! love ( conque/1 ( weal?1 & ( k4 ,ev]y?+ t ,m>l[e wrote is /amp$ ) a love ( beauty & ( ! impossible4 ,tamburla9e speaks l "o ( ! "y ,elizabe?ans-- ,t 9 conceit be> empires on our spe>s1 ,affect+ ?\ghts co-equal ) ! cl\ds4 ,m>l[e voices ! new s5se ( wor? ( enfran*is$ man3-- ,?9ke/ ?\ heav5 glori\s ?+8 ,i tell !e1 'tis n half s fair z ?\1 ,or any man t brea!s on e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 ',twas made = man1 !re=e is man m excell5t4#ag ,m>l[e's faults are ! faults ( y\? & ( 8 "t4 ,exagg]ation & lack ( re/ra9t are %[n 9 almo/ all 8 "w4 ,9 ,tamburla9e1 writt5 :5 he 0 tw5ty-two1 he is (t5 bomba/ic4 ,he has h>dly any s5se ( humor4 ,he does n draw f9e di/9ctions betwe5 8 *>act]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 us+ ! words ( ,tamburla9e1 we may say ( all 8 dramatic contempor>ies1 except+ ,%akespe>e-- ,if all ! heav5ly qu9tess5ce !y /ill ,f _! immortal fl[]s ( poesy1 7 ga!r$ into "o vial1 x c\ld n surpass ! odor f pat*es ( fl[]s 9 ,m>l[e's g>d54 ,^! sev5 l9es repres5t bett] ?an pages ( description ! aspir+ _s ( ! new ,elizabe?an ,r5aissance4 ,our s\ls ^: faculties c compreh5d ,! wondr\s ar*itecture ( ! _w1 ,& measure e w&]+ planet's c\rse ,/ill climb+ aft] k inf9ite1 ,& always mov+ z ! re/less sph]es1 ,w u to we> ourselves & nev] re/ ,until we rea* ! ripe/ fruit ( all4#ah ,,william ,,%akespe>e1 #aefd-afaf ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,%akespe>e4 ,f ! ,*&os portrait 9 ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,bir?place & ,p>5ts4--,william ,%akespe>e1 ! greate/ ( ! _w's writ]s1 0 born 9 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 ,w>wick%ire4 ,! "n orig9ally meant "o skill$ 9 wield+ a spe>4 ,! fir/ ,william ,%akespe>e ( :om m5tion is made 9 ! records 0 hang$ = robb]y ne> ,/rat=d2 b x is only fair to /ate t 9 ^? days hang+ 0 inflict$ = /eal+ ev5 a %eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,bir?place1 ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon4 ,! great dramati/'s bir?place lies 9 ! mid/ ( ,engl&'s faire/ rural sc5]y4 ,:5 two ,engli%m5 7 ask$ to "n ! f9e/ walk 9 ,engl&1 "o *ose ! walk f ,/rat=d to ,cov5try1 ! o!r1 ! walk f ,cov5try to ,/rat=d4 ,a %ort di/ance nor!a/ ( ,/rat=d are ,w>wick ) its ca/le1 ! home ( ! fam\s k+-mak]1 & ,k5ilwor? ,ca/le1 ^: hi/oric associations 7 romantic en\gh to /ir ! imag9ation ( a boy l ,%akespe>e4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,john ,%akespe>e1 an influ5tial m]*ant1 :o 9 #aega 0 elect$ *ief ald]man ( ,/rat=d4 ,! poet's "m 0 ! daught] ( ,rob]t ,ard51 a well-to-d f>m]4 ,we are told t %e 0 h] fa!r's favorite among sev5 *ildr54 ,p]haps x 0 due to h] influ5ce t he _h a happy *ildhood4 ,8 ref]5ces to plays & sports & 8 lat] desire to return to ,/rat=d are indicative ( pleasant boyhood days4 ,probably 8 "m 0 ! orig9al ( "s ( h] son's noble/ conceptions ( wom54 ,8 plays h m h]o9es ?an h]oes4 ,we may fancy t x 0 8 "m :o fir/ po9t$ out to him-- 444daffodils1 ,t come be=e ! swall[ d>es1 & take ,! w9ds ( ,m>* ) beauty2 violets dim1 ,b sweet] ?an ! lids ( ,juno's eyes4#ai ,we may imag9e t f h] tea*+1 z %e walk$ ) him ov] ! ,/rat=d fields1 he obta9$ sugge/ions :i* enabl$ him to hold captive ! e> ( ! _w1 :5 he sang ( ! pe>l 9 ! c[slip's e>1 ( ! bank :]e ! wild ?yme bl[s1 ( ! gre5wood tree & ! m]ry note ( ! bird4 ,_m ( ! ref]5ces to nature 9 8 plays are unsurpass$ 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,classroom ,,9 ,,/rat=d ,,gramm> ,,s*ool#bj4 ,:at ,he ,le>n$ at ,s*ool4--,9 all probability ,%akespe>e ent]$ ! ,/rat=d ,gramm> ,s*ool at ab\t ! age ( sev5 & cont9u$ !re until he 0 ne>ly f\rte54 ,! typical c\rse 9 gramm> s*ools ( t p]iod consi/$ pr9cipally ( v>i\s ,lat9 au?ors4 ,"o s*ool 9 #aehc _h tw5ty-five ,lat9 books on its li/ ( /udies1 :ile ! only requir$ works 9 ,engli% 7 ! ,cate*ism1 ,psalt]1 ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,*ildr5 7 requir$ to /udy ,lilly's ,lat9 ,gramm> in/ead ( _! "m tongue4 ,among ! works t ,%akespe>e probably read 9 ,lat91 ,a,esop's ,fables & ,ovid's ,metamorphoses may be m5tion$4 ,al?\gh ,engli% 0 n taught1 ,%akespe>e %[s wond]ful ma/]y 9 ! use ( 8 "m tongue4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ! s*oolma/]1 ,hol(]nes1 9 ,love's ,labor's ,lo/ to %[ t ! /udy ( ,lat9 l$ to facility 9 ! use ( ,engli% synonyms3-- ,! de] 01 z y "k1 sanguis1 9 blood1 ripe z ! pomewat]1 :o n[ hange? l a jewel 9 ! e> ( caelo1 ! sky1 ! welk91 ! heav52 & anon falle? l a crab on ! face ( t]ra1 ! soil1 ! l&1 ! e>?4 ,?ree ,engli% equival5ts are "h giv5 = ea* ( ! ,lat9 t]ms caelo & t]ra4 ,! same s*oolma/] uses sev5 synonyms 9 describ+ ! fa%ion ( spee* ( ! ignorant con/able1 --undress$1 unpoli%$1 un$ucat$1 unprun$1 untra9$1 or1 r unlett]$1 or1 ra!re/1 unconfirm$1 fa%ion4 ,:5 we rememb] t x 0 really ,%akespe>e :o wrote ?is1 we "k t he _h be5 l$ to /udy v>iety ( expression4 ,8 l>ge vocabul>y c\ld n h be5 acquir$ by any "o )\t h>d "w4 ,a good translation ( ! ,engli% ,bible 0 accessible to him4 ,scriptural phrases & ref]5ces appe> 9 8 plays1 & volumes h be5 writt5 to %[ ! influ5ce ( ! ,bible on 8 ?\ght4 ,f9ancial ,rev]ses ( ! ,%akespe>e ,family4--,x is probable t ,%akespe>e at ab\t ! age ( f\rte5 0 tak5 f s*ool to assi/ 8 fa!r 9 ! /ore4 ,! eld] ,%akespe>e 0 !n ov]tak5 by f9ancial rev]ses & compell$ to mortgage 8 wife's l&4 ,8 affairs w5t f bad to worse2 he 0 su$ = debt1 b ! c\rt c\ld n f9d any prop]ty to satisfy ! claim4 ,x is possible t he 0 = a %ort "t ev5 imprison$ = debt4 ,f9ally he 0 depriv$ ( 8 ald]man's g[n4 ,^! ev5ts mu/ h made a deep impression on ! s5sitive boy1 & !y may h l$ him to an e>ly det]m9ation to try to ma/] =tune4 ,9 aft] ye>s he %[$ a bus9ess sagacity v r>e = a poet4 ,m>riage & ,dep>ture f ,/rat=d4--,! mo/ fam\s lov]s' walk 9 ,engl& is ! footpa? f ,/rat=d1 lead+ ab\t "o mile we/w>d ?r\gh mead[s to ! hamlet ( ,%ott]y4 ,p]haps ,william ,%akespe>e _h ?is v walk 9 m9d :5 he wrote ! song3-- ,j\rneys end 9 lov]s' meet+ ,e wise man's son do? "k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anne ,,ha?away',s ,,cottage1 ,,%ott]y4 ,! end ( 8 walk l$ to ,anne ,ha?away's home 9 ,%ott]y4 ,%e 0 ne>ly eight ye>s 8 s5ior1 b 9 #aehb at ! age ( eighte5 he m>ri$ h]4 ,!re is a record t ,%akespe>e's tw9 *ildr51 ,hamnet & ,judi?1 7 baptiz$ 9 #aehe4 ,f ?is we "k t be=e he 0 tw5ty-"o ,%akespe>e _h a wife & family to support4 ,we h no positive in=mation to tell u :at he did = ! next sev5 ye>s aft] ! bir? ( 8 tw9s4 ,tradition says t he jo9$ a gr\p ( hunt]s1 kill$ "s ( ! de] ( ,sir ,?omas ,lucy at ,*>lecote ,p>k1 & fl$ f ,/rat=d to ,london 9 consequ5ce ( ?reat5$ prosecution4 ,!re is reason to d\bt ! tru? ( ?is /ory1 & ,%akespe>e may h s\ght ! metropolis m]ely because x (f]$ him m scope to provide = 8 rapidly increas+ family4 ,connects ,himself ) ! ,london ,/age4--,! next sc5e ( ,%akespe>e's life is laid 9 ,london4 ,9 #aeib ,rob]t ,gre5e1 a ,london poet1 dramati/1 & hack-writ]1 wrote3-- ,!re is an up/>t ,cr[1 beautifi$ ) our fea!rs1 t ) 8 ,tyg]'s he>t wrapp$ 9 a ,play]'s hide1 supposes he is z well able to bumba/ out a blank v]se z ! be/ ( y2 & be+ an absolute ,iohannes fac-totum1 is 9 8 owne conceit ! only ,%ake-sc5e 9 a c\ntrie4#ba ,! be/ critics agree t ! up/>t ,cr[ & ,%ake-sc5e ref] to ,%akespe>e4 ,! allusion to ,tyg]'s he>t is f ! ?ird "p ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 & is address$ by ! ,duke ( ,york to ,que5 ,m>g>et ( ,anj\3-- ,o tig]'s he>t wrapp$ 9 a woman's hide6 ,gre5e's satiric ?ru/ %[s t ,%akespe>e 0 becom+ popul> z a playwright4 ,we c only imag9e ! /eps by :i* he rose to 8 asc5dancy z a dramati/4 ,p]haps he fir/ s]v$ ! !at] 9 "s m5ial capacity1 !n became an actor1 & assi/$ o!rs 9 revis+ or adapt+ plays be=e he acquir$ suffici5t skill to write a play entirely by himself4 ,9 #aeic he publi%$ ! non-dramatic poem1 ,v5us & ,adonis1 :i* he d$icat$ to ! ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton4 ,?is nobleman is said to h giv5 ,%akespe>e1 on "o occasion1 a ?\s& p\nds to enable him to make a pur*ase :i* he he>d he _h a m9d to4 ,?is w\ld %[ t ,%akespe>e _h a capacity = attract+ p & mak+ la/+ fri5d%ips4 ,9 #aeig he pur*as$ ,new ,place1 ! /atelie/ h\se 9 ,/rat=d1 & we he> no m ( 8 fa!r's f9ancial tr\bles4 ,tw5tie?-c5tury ,discov]ies4--,9 ! fir/ decade ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 ,pr(essor ,c4,w4 ,wallace discov]$ 9 ! ,london ,record ,(fice a romantic /ory 9 :i* ,%akespe>e 0 an important figure4 ,?is /ory op5s 9 ! ye> #aeih 9 ! ,london h\se ( a ,fr5* ,hugu5ot1 ,*ri/oph] ,m\ntjoy1 wig-mak]1 ) :om ,%akespe>e liv$4 ,m\ntjoy took z appr5tice = six ye>s1 ,/eph5 ,bellott1 a "y ,fr5*man4 ,beside him work$ ,m>y ,m\ntjoy1 ! proprietor's only daught]1 :o look$ ) favor ^u ! "y appr5tice4 ,at ! end ( 8 appr5tice%ip ,/eph5 left )\t propos+ m>riage to ,m>y2 b on 8 return ,mrs4 ,m\ntjoy ask$ ,%akespe>e to make a mat* betwe5 ,/eph5 & ,m>y1--a task 9 :i* he 0 successful4 ,sev5 & a half ye>s lat] ,%akespe>e 0 call$ into c\rt to te/ify to all ! facts lead+ to ! m>riage4 ,aft] a family qu>rel1 ,mr4 ,m\ntjoy decl>$ t he w\ld nev] leave ,/eph5 & ,m>y a groat1 & ! son-9-law br\ght suit = a d[ry4 ,%akespe>e's te/imony %[s t he rememb]$ ,mrs4 ,m\ntjoy's commission & ! "p t he play$ 9 mat+ ! pair1 b he =got ! am\nt ( ! d[ry & :5 x 0 to be paid4 ,! puzzl$ c\rt turn$ ! matt] ov] = settlem5t to ! ,fr5* *ur* 9 ,london1 b x is n kn[n :at decision 0 rea*$4 ,! docum5ts 9 ! case %[ t ,%akespe>e 0 on famili> t]ms ) tradesm51 t !y ?\ght well ( him1 t he 0 will+ to und]take to try to make two p happy1 & t he liv$ 9 ! ,m\ntjoy h\se at ! corn] ( ,silv] & ,monkwell /reets4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ,/eph5's appr5tice%ip 7#aeih-afjd71 ,%akespe>e wrote "s ( 8 greate/ plays1 su* z ,hamlet & ,o!llo4 ,f its connection ) ,%akespe>e1 ?is is ! mo/ important corn] 9 ,london = lit]>y associations4 ,wallace also f\nd docum5ts %[+ t ,%akespe>e own$ at ! "t ( 8 dea? a "o-sev5? int]e/ 9 ! ,blackfri>s ,!at] & a "o-f\rte5? int]e/ 9 ! ,globe4 ,! hi!rto unkn[n fact t he cont9u$ to hold to ! end ( 8 life ^! important int]e/s1 requir+ su* skill$ sup]vision1 makes m d\btful ! =m] assumption t he sp5t ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life entirely at ,/rat=d4 ,la/ ,ye>s & ,dea?4--,%akespe>e probably b\ght ,new ,place 9 ,/rat=d z a resid5ce = 8 family & a retreat = himself out ( ! !atrical season1 b he d\btless cont9u$ to live 9 ,london = ! great] "p ( 8 "t until a few ye>s be=e 8 dea? 9 #afaf4 ,! ,m\ntjoy te/imony proves t he 0 9 ,london 9 ,may1 #afab4 ,we are positive1 h[ev]1 t he 0 liv+ 9 ,/rat=d at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,he may = sev]al ye>s h tak5 only occasional trips to ,london to look aft] 8 int]e/s 9 8 !at]s4 ,x is n improbable t 8 heal? =c$ him to retire to ,/rat=d1 = x is difficult to see h[ any "o c\ld h produc$ ne>ly two ,%akespe>ean plays a ye> = almo/ tw5ty ye>s )\t break+ d[n "u ! /ra94 ,he _h 9 addition almo/ c]ta9ly help$ to manage ! production ( ! plays1 & tradition says t he 0 also an actor4 ,"s ( ! p>ts :i* he is said to h play$ are ! gho/ 9 ,hamlet1 ,adam 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 & ,old ,kn[ell 9 ,b5 ,jonson's ,e ,man 9 8 ,humor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon1 ,,%[+ ,,*ur* ,,:]e ,,%akespe>e ,,is ,,buri$4 ,9 #afaf1 at ! age ( fifty-two1 ?is ma/]-s+] ( ! _w1 :o1 9 ,de ,qu9cey's phrase1 0 a little l[] ?an ! angels1 di$ & 0 buri$ 9 ! p>i% *ur* at ,/rat=d4 ,%akespe>e knew t 9 ! c\rse ( "t graves 7 (t5 op5$ & ! bones ?r[n into ! *>nel h\se4 ,! _w is ?ankful t he delib]ately plann$ to h 8 re/+ place rema9 unmole/$4 ,8 grave 0 dug sev5te5 feet deep & ov] x 0 plac$ ! foll[+ inscription1 int5d$ to fright5 ^? :o might ?9k ( mov+ 8 bones3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,inscription ,,ov] ,,%akespe>e',s ,,tomb4 ,publication ( 8 ,plays4--,x is probable t ,%akespe>e himself publi%$ only two e>ly poems4 ,sixte5 ( 8 plays appe>$ 9 pr9t dur+ 8 lifetime2 b ! *ances are t !y 7 tak5 ei!r f notes or f /age copies1 m or less imp]fect & surreptiti\sly obta9$4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury has se5 "o ( ^! c>eless repr9ts ( a s+le play sell = m ?an ?ree times z mu* z x co/ to build a lead+ ,elizabe?an !at]4#bb ,if ,%akespe>e himself _h se5 to ! publication ( 8 plays1 succe$+ g5]ations w\ld h be5 sav$ mu* tr\ble 9 puzzl+ ov] obscurities due to an imp]fect text4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t publi%+ a play 0 ?\ght to injure its success on ! /age4 ,"o manag] (f]$ a pr9t] a sum n[ equal to #ajj n to publi% a copy ( a play t he _h secur$4 ,! ,fir/ ,folio edition ( ,%akespe>e's works 0 publi%$ 9 #afbc1 sev5 ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 by two ( 8 fri5ds1 ,john ,hem+ & ,h5ry ,condell4 ,9 _! d$ication ( ! plays !y say3-- ,we h b collect$ !m & done an (fice to ! dead 444 )\t ambition ei!r ( self pr(it or fame1 only to keep ! memory ( s wor?y a fri5d & fell[ alive1 z 0 our ,%akespe>e1 by humble (f] ( 8 plays4 ,if ,%akespe>e _h n possess$ ! art ( mak+ fri5ds1 we might to-day be )\t su* plays z ,twelf? ,night1 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 ,cymbel9e1 ,! ,tempe/1 ,julius ,caes>1 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 & ,macbe?4 ,^! 7 pr9t$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! #afbc ,folio4 ,am\nt & ,classification ( 8 ,"w4--,! ,fir/ ,folio edition conta9$ ?irty-five plays1 conta9+ #ajj1abj l9es4 ,! ,globe edition1 "o ( ! be/ mod]n texts ( ,%akespe>e1 has ?irty-sev5 plays4 ,ev5 if we give him no cr$it = ! unkn[n dramas :i* he assi/$ 9 fa%ion+1 & if we fur!r d$uct all d\btful plays f ?is numb]1 ! am\nt ( dramatic "w ( :i* he is c]ta9ly ! au?or is only less a/oni%+ ?an its excell5ce4 ,8 non-dramatic poetry1 compris+ ,v5us & ,adonis1 ,lucrece1 #aed ,sonnets1 & "s o!r %ort pieces1 am\nts to m ?an half z _m l9es z ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,m]e g5ius )\t wond]ful self-control & a well-ord]$ use ( "t w\ld n h enabl$ ,%akespe>e to leave su* a legacy to ! _w4 ,! pressure = fre% plays to meet exig5cies is suffici5t to expla9 :y he did n always d 8 be/ "w1 ev5 if we suppose t 8 heal? 0 nev] out ( jo9t4 ,! ,fir/ ,folio gives ! curr5t contempor>y classification ( ! plays into ,com$ies1 ,hi/ories1 & ,trag$ies4 ,we indicate ! foll[+ z "s ( ! be/ 9 ea* class3-- ,com$ies3 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,twelf? ,night1 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 & ,! ,tempe/4 ,hi/ories3 ,ri*>d ,,iii41 ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,h5ry ,v41 ,julius ,caes>4 ,trag$ies3 ,hamlet1 ,macbe?1 ,le>1 ,o!llo1 ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,f\r ,p]iods ( 8 ,life4--,we may make ano!r classification f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 accord+ to ! p]iod ( 8 developm5t at ! "t ( writ+ special plays4 ,9 ord] to /udy 8 gr[? & *ang+ ideals1 x w assi/ u to divide 8 "w into f\r p]iods4 7#a7 ,!re 0 ! sangu9e p]iod1 %[+ ! exub]ance ( y\?ful love & imag9ation4 ,among ! plays t are typical ( ^! ye>s are ,! ,com$y ( ,errors1 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 & ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,^! 7 probably all compos$ be=e #aeie4 7#b7 ,! second p]iod1 f #aeie to #afja1 %[s progress 9 dramatic art4 ,!re is less exagg]ation1 m real p[]1 & a deep] insight into human nature4 ,!re appe>s 9 8 philosophy a ve9 ( sadness1 su* z we f9d 9 ! say+s ( ,jaques 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 & m appreciation ( ! gr[? ( "*1 typifi$ by 8 treatm5t ( ,orl&o & ,adam 9 ! same play4 ,among ! plays ( ?is p]iod are ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,h5ry ,v41 & ,z ,y ,l ,x4 7#c7 ,we may *>act]ize ! ?ird p]iod1 f #afja to #afjh1 z "o 9 :i* he felt t ! "t 0 out ( jo9t1 t life 0 a fitful fev]4 ,8 fa!r di$ 9 #afja1 aft] great disappo9tm5ts4 ,8 be/ fri5ds suff]$ :at he calls1 9 ,hamlet1 ! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s =tune4 ,9 #afja ,elizabe? execut$ ! ,e>l ( ,essex = treason1 & on ! same *>ge ?rew ! ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton into ! ,t[]4 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e himself may h be5 suspect$4 ,! great plays ( ?is p]iod are trag$ies1 among :i* we may in/ance ,julius ,caes>1 ,hamlet1 ,o!llo1 ,macbe?1 & ,k+ ,le>4 7#d7 ,! plays ( 8 f\r? p]iod1 #afjh-afac1 are rem>kable = calm /r5g? & sweetness4 ,! fi]c5ess ( ,o!llo & ,macbe? is left beh9d4 ,9 #afjh ,%akespe>e's "m di$4 ,h] dea? & ! vivid recollection ( h] k9dness & love may h be5 /rong factors 9 caus+ him to look on life ) k9dli] eyes4 ,! greate/ plays ( ?is p]iod are ,cymbel9e1 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 & ,! ,tempe/4 ,:ile ! dates ( ! composition ( ^! plays are n exactly kn[n1 ! =ego+ classification is probably approximately correct4 ,x %\ld be foll[$ 9 /udy+ ! developm5t & ! *ang+ phases ( ,%akespe>e's m9d4 7,see table1 pp4 #ahh & #ahi47 ,developm5t z a ,dramati/4--,x is possible to /udy "s ( ,%akespe>e's plays ) increas$ int]e/1 if we note ! reasons = assign+ !m to c]ta9 p]iods ( 8 life4 ,we conclude t ,love's ,labor's ,lo/1 = in/ance1 is an e>ly play1 because ( its =m1--excess ( rime1 small proportion ( blank v]se1 lack ( ma/]y ( poetic expression1--& also because x suff]s f ! puns1 conceits1 & ov]drawn wit & imag]y ( 8 e>ly "w4 ,almo/ "o half ( ! #bghi l9es ( ,love's ,labor's ,lo/ rime1 :ile !re are only #egi l9es ( blank v]se4 ,( ! #bjfd l9es 9 ,! ,tempe/1 "o ( ! la/ ( 8 plays1 #adeh are 9 blank v]se4 ,! plays ( 8 fir/ p]iod %[ less fre$om 9 ! use ( v]se4 ,he dislikes to let 8 mean+ run ov] into ! next l9e )\t a pause1 & he hesitates to introduce ^? extra syllables :i* give su* wond]ful v>iety to 8 lat] "w4 ,z he gr[s old]1 he also uses m prose4 ,romeo & ,juliet has #dje l9es ( prose 9 a total ( #cjeb l9es1 :ile ,hamlet1 a trag$y ( #cica l9es1 has #abjh l9es ( prose4 ,8 treatm5t ( 8 *>act]s is ev5 a m significant index to 8 gr[? ?an ! =m ( 8 dramas4 ,9 ! e>li] plays1 8 m5 & wom5 are m engag$ ) ext]nal =ces ?an ) int]nal /ruggles4 ,9 z excell5t an e>ly trag$y z ,romeo & ,juliet1 ! h]o fights m ) outside ob/acles ?an ) himself4 ,9 ! great lat] trag$ies1 ! int]nal conflict is m emphasiz$1 z 9 ! cases ( ,hamlet & ,macbe?4 ,see ?\ "* became 9 an increas+ degree ,%akespe>e's wat*word4 ,he grew to c>e less = m]e incid5t1 = plots bas$ on mi/ak5 id5tity1 z 9 ,! ,com$y ( ,errors2 b he became m & m int]e/$ 9 ! del9eation ( "*1 9 %[+ ! effect ( evil on ,macbe? & 8 wife1 ( jeal\sy on ,o!llo1 ( indecision on ,hamlet1 z well z 9 explor+ ! ineffectual attempts ( _m ( 8 *>act]s to escape ! consequ5ces ( _! acts4 ,s\rces ( 8 ,plots4--,we %\ld h _h few] plays f ,%akespe>e1 if he _h be5 compell$ to take ! "t to inv5t new plots4 ,! s\rces ( ! plots ( 8 plays may usually be f\nd 9 "s old *ronicle1 novel1 biography1 or old] play4 ,hol9%$'s ,*ronicles ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 publi%$ :5 ,%akespe>e 0 f\rte5 ye>s old1 gives ! /ories ( ,le>1 ,cymbel9e1 ,macbe?1 & ( all ! ,engli% k+s :o are ! h]oes ( ! hi/orical plays4 ,z ,hol9%$ is v dry read+1 if ,%akespe>e _h foll[$ him closely1 = in/ance1 9 ,k+ ,le>1 ! play w\ld h lo/ its mo/ impressive p>ts4 ,!re is n 9 ,hol9%$ ev5 a sugge/ion ( ! ,fal/aff ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 t v]itable comic ,hamlet1 :o holds a unique place among ! humor\s *>act]s ( ! _w4 ,nor?'s translation ( ,plut>*'s ,lives1 publi%$ :5 ,%akespe>e 0 fifte5 ye>s old1 became 8 textbook ( anci5t hi/ory & furni%$ him ! raw mat]ial = plays l ,julius ,caes> & ,antony & ,cleopatra4 ,,table ,,( ,,%akespe>e',s ,,plays#bc ,play ,total ,prose ,blank ,p5ta- ,rimes1 ,songs ,publ- ,supp- ( met] ,%ort i%$ os$ ,l9es ,rimes ,l9es ,date ,i4--,,plays ,,( ,,fir/ 7,,rim+7 ,,p]iod ,love's ,labor's #bghi #ajhf #egi #ajbh #ed #cb #aeih #aehh-i ,lo/ ,com$y ( #aggh #bdj #aaej #chj --- --- #afbc #aehi-ia ,errors #bd ,midsumm] #bagd #dda #hgh #gca #ach #fc #afjj #aeij-a ,night's ,dream ,two ,g5tlem5 #bbid #dji #aeaj #aaf --- #ae #afbc #aeij-b ( ,v]ona ,romeo & #cjeb #dje #baaa #dhf --- --- #aeig #aeia-c ,juliet ,ri*>d ,,ii4 #bgef --- #bajg #ecg --- --- #aeig 8 #aeic ,ri*>d ,,iii4 #cfai #ee8 #ccgd #agj --- --- #aeig 8 #aeid-e ,,ii4--,,hi/ories ,,& ,,com$ies ,,( ,,second ,,p]iod ,k+ ,john #begj --- #bdjc #aej --- --- #afbc #aeid-e ,m]*ant ( #bffj #fgc #ahif #ic #cd #i #afjjbd8 #aeie-f ,v5ice #a ,h5ry ,,iv4 #cagf #adfd #afbb #hd --- --- #aeih #aeif-gbe #b ,h5ry ,,iv4 #cddf #ahfj #adag #gd #g #ae #afjj #aeih-i ,h5ry ,v4 #cchj #aeca #afgh #aja #b #h #afjj #aeiibe ,m]ry ,wives #cjah #bgjc #bbg #fi --- #ai #afjb #aeii ,mu* ,ado1 c4 #bhbf #bajf #fdc #dj #ah #af #afjj #aeii-afjj ,z ,y ,l ,x #bheg #afha #ibe #ga #acj #ig #afbc #aeii-afjjbe ,twelf? ,night #bfij #agda #gfc #abj --- #fj #afbc #afjabe ,all's ,well #biff #adec #abcd #bhj #b #ab #afbc #afja-b 7,love's ,labor's ,won1 #aeij7 ,,iii4--,,trag$ies ,,& ,,com$y ,,( ,,?ird ,,p]iod ,julius ,caes> #bdgh #afe #bbda #cd --- --- #afbc #afjac ,hamlet #cica #abjh #bdij #ha --- #fj #afjcbdafjb-cbe ,measure = #bhba #aacd #aegd #gc #bb #f #afbc 8 #afjc ,measure ,o!llo #ccaf #eda #bfgb #hf --- #be #afbb 8 #afjd ,macbe? #bajh #aeh #aehh #aah #abi --- #afbc #afje-fbe ,k+ ,le> #cccd #ijc #bbch #gd --- #hc #afjhbdafje-fbe ,antony & #cjfc #bee #bgfa #db --- #f #afbc #afjf-g ,cleopatra ,coriolanus #cdaj #hbi #beba #db --- --- #afbc 8 #afjg-h ,,iv4--,,plays ,,( ,,f\r? ,,p]iod ,tempe/ #bjfd #deh #adeh #b --- #if #afbc #afji-aj ,cymbel9e #ccci #fch #behe #ajg --- #cb #afbc #afji-aj ,w9t]'s ,tale #cjge #hdd #ahbe --- --- #eg #afbc 8 #afaa ,v4--,,d\btful ,,plays ,titus #bebc #dc #bcch #add --- --- #aeid #aehh-ij ,&ronicus #a ,h5ry ,,vi4 #bfgg --- #bcgi #cad --- --- #afbc #aeib-d #b ,h5ry ,,vi4 #cafb #ddh #befb #abb --- --- #afbc #aeib-d #c ,h5ry ,,vi4 #bijd --- #bgdi #aee --- --- #afbc #aeib-d ,cont5tion #aieb #cha #aega #dd --- --- #aeid #aehf-h ,true ,trag$y #baja --- #bjce #ff --- --- #aeie #aehf-h ,,vi4--,,plays ,,9 ,,:i* ,,%akespe>e ,,0 ,,n ,,sole ,,au?or ,tam+ ( ! #bfdi #eaf #aiga #afi #ae --- #afbc #aeif-g ,%rew ,troilus & #cdif #aahf #bjbe #aif --- #af #afji #afjc ,cressida ,timon ( #bcgc #eif #aefj #ahd #ah --- #afbc #afjg-h ,a!ns ,p]icles #bchi #dah #adcf #bbe #hi --- #afjibcafjh-ibd ,h5ry ,,viii4 #bhbb #fg8 #bfac #af --- #ab #afbc #afaj-abbd ,poems publi%$4--,v5us & ,adonis1 #aeic2 ,lucrece1 #aeid2 ,passionate ,pilgrim1 #aeii2 ,pho5ix & ,turtle 9 ,*e/]'s ,loves ,m>tyr1 #afja2 ,sonnets1 #afji1 ) ,a ,lov]'s ,compla9t4 ,%akespe>e recogniz$ ! greatness ( ,nor?'s ,plut>* & paid x ! complim5t ( foll[+ its ?\ght m closely ?an t ( any o!r ( 8 s\rces4 ,%akespe>e f\nd sugge/ions = ,z ,y ,l ,x 9 ,?omas ,lodge's contempor>y novel ,rosalynde1 b ,t\*/one & ,adam are orig9al creations4 ,our a/oni%m5t is (t5 increas$ to f9d t ! m]e/ h9t l$ to an imp]i%able creation1 su* z ! "* ( ,lady ,macbe?1 ! ref]5ce to :om 9 ,hol9%$ is conf9$ to ^! tw5ty-eight words1 444specially 8 wife lay sore ^u him to attempt ! ?+1 z %e t 0 v ambiti\s1 burn+ 9 unqu5*able desire to be> ! "n ( a que54 ,8 plays are almo/ z diff]5t f ! old *ronicles or tales z ! rose f ! soil :i* n\ri%$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%akespe>e--,,! ,d',,av5ant ,,bu/4 ,discov]$ 9 #ahde on site ( ,duke's ,!at]4 ,,g5]al ,,*>act]i/ics ,sympa?y4---,8 mo/ pron\nc$ *>act]i/ic is ! broade/ sympa?y ev] %[n by an au?or4 ,he seems to h be5 able to sympa?ize ) e k9d ( human s\l 9 e em]g5cy4 ,he plays ) ! simple ru/ics 9 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream4 ,! portrait ( ! s]v+ man ,adam1 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 is z k9dly & z discrim9at+ z t ( k+ or nobleman4 ,?\gh he is ! s*ol> & philosoph] 9 ,hamlet1 he c aft]w>d roam ! c\ntry ) ! tramp ,autolycus 9 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale4 ,wom5 h m>vel$ at ! ease ) :i* 8 sympa?y crosses ! b>ri]s ( sex1 at 8 portraits ( ,portia1 ,rosal9d1 ,desdemona1 ,lady ,macbe?1 ,mir&a1 ,cleopatra1 & ,cordelia4 ,great actresses h te/ifi$ to _! amazem5t at 8 discov]y ( fem99e secrets :i* !y _h ?\ght no man c\ld ev] div9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,irv+ ,,z ,,hamlet4 ,univ]sality4--,%akespe>e's sympa?y might h be5 broad en\gh to include all ! p ( 8 own "t & _! peculi> int]e/s1 b might h lack$ ! p[] to project itself into ! univ]sal he>t ( humanity4 ,sometimes a writ] voices ! ideals & aspirations ( 8 own day s effectively t he is call$ ! spokesman ( 8 age1 b he makes slight appeal to future g5]ations4 ,%akespe>e 0 ! spokesman ( 8 own "t1 b he _h ! g5ius also to speak to all ages4 ,he lov$ to pres5t ! et]nal tru?s ( ! human he>t & to inve/ !m ) su* a t\* ( nature z to reveal ! k9%ip ( ! entire _w4 ,8 contempor>y1 ! dramati/1 ,b5 ,jonson1 _h ! p5etration to say ( ,%akespe>e3-- ,he 0 n ( an age b = all "t4 ,he meant t ,%akespe>e does n exhibit "s popul> conceit1 folly1 or phase ( ?\ght1 :i* is m]ely ! fa%ion ( ! h\r & = :i* succe$+ g5]ations w\ld c>e no?+2 b t he voices ^? tru?s :i* appeal to ! p ( all ages4 ,! grief ( ,le> ov] ! dead ,cordelia1 ! ambition ( ,lady ,macbe?1 ! loves ( ,rosal9d & ,juliet1 ! que/ion+s ( ,hamlet1 int]e/ u z mu* today z !y did ! ,elizabe?ans4 ,fa%ions 9 lit]ature may come & g1 b ,%akespe>e's "w rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ell5 ,,t]ry ,,z ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,s>g5t4 ,humor4--,%akespe>e _h ! mo/ compreh5sive s5se ( humor ( any ( ! _w's great writ]s1--a humor t 0 closely relat$ to 8 sympa?y4 ,x has be5 said t he sav$ 8 trag$ies f ! fatal disease ( absurdity1 by inoculat+ !m ) 8 comic virus1 & t 8 s5se ( humor kept him f ev] becom+ %rill4 ,?is faculty enabl$ him to detect incongruity1 to keep f ov]/ress+ a situation1 to ent] into ! p]sonality ( o!rs1 to recov] quickly f ! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s =tune1 & 9 "o ( 8 la/ plays1 ,! ,tempe/1 to welcome ! brave "y _w z if he w\ld l to play ! game ( life aga94 ,x 0 l>gely because ( 8 humor t ! trag$ies & pa9 ( life did n s\r & subdue ,%akespe>e4 ,he soon we>ies ( a vacant laugh4 ,he has only "o /rictly f>cical play1 ,! ,com$y ( ,errors4 ,!re are few intellects ke5 en\gh to extract all ! humor f ,%akespe>e4 ,= lit]al m9ds ! full compreh5sion ( ev5 a slight display ( 8 humor1 su* z ! foll[+ dialogue af=ds1 is bett] ex]cise ?an ! solution ( an algebraic problem4 ,dogb]ry1 a con/able 9 ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+1 ?us in/ructs ! ,wat*3-- ,dogb]ry4 ,y %all compreh5d all vagrom m52 y are to bid any man /& 9 ! pr9ce's "n4 ,wat*4 ,h[ if a' w n /&8 ,dogb]ry4 ,:y1 !n1 take no note ( him1 b let him g1 & pres5tly call ! re/ ( ! wat* toge!r1 & ?ank ,god y are rid ( a knave4 ,( all ,%akespe>e's qualities1 8 humor is ! h>de/ to describe because ( its protean =ms4 ,fal/aff is 8 greate/ humor\s creation4 ,s res\rceful is he t ev5 defeat enables him to rise l ,antaeus aft] a fall4 ,8 humor is almo/ a philosophy ( exi/5ce = ^? :o love to use wit & +5uity 9 try+ to evade ! laws ( sob]1 ord]ly liv+4 ,p]haps x 0 = ?is v reason t ,%akespe>e cons5t$ to s5d s e>ly to ,ar?ur's bosom#bf a "* :o _h n a little ( ! complexity ( ,hamlet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fal/aff ,,& ,,8 ,,page4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,mu* ( ,%akespe>e's humor is delicately suffus$ ?r\gh 8 plays4 ,_m ( !m ei!r ripple ) ! laught] ( 8 *>act]s or are light$ ) _! smiles4 ,we may pass pleasant h\rs 9 ! company ( 8 joy\s creations1 su* z ,rosal9d 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 or ,portia 9 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 or ,puck z ! spokesman = ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 :o good natur$ly exclaims3-- ,"l1 :at fools ^! mortals be6 or ,viola & h] companions 9 ,twelf? ,night1 or ,beatrice & ,b5$ict 9 ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+1 or ,ariel 9 ,! ,tempe/ play+ pranks on ! bewild]$ m>9]s & s++ ( ! joys ( life :i* come z a rew>d = s]vice3-- ,m]rily1 m]rily %all ,i live n[ ,"u ! blossom t hangs on ! b\gh4 ,%akespe>e is also ! "o ,engli% au?or :o is equally successful 9 depict+ ! highe/ type ( bo? com$y & trag$y4 ,he has ! p[] to describe ev5 a dea?b$ sc5e s z to inve/ x ) bo? humor & pa?os4 ,dame ,quickly's l9es 9 ,h5ry ,v41 on ! dea? ( ,fal/aff1 %[ ?is capacity4 ,! next greate/ ,engli% writ] is lack+ 9 ?is s5se ( humor4 ,john ,milton c\ld write ! trag$ies ( a ,p>adise ,lo/ & a ,samson ,agoni/es1 b he c\ld n give u ! humor ( ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,! ,com$y ( ,errors1 or ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,we h se5 t ! next greate/ dramatic g5ius1 ,m>l[e1 has little s5se ( humor4 ,mrs4 ,br[n+ correctly describes ! plays ( ,%akespe>e z fill$-- ,) te>s & laught]s = all "t4 ,moral ,ideals4--,to %[ ! moral consequ5ces ( acts 0 ! "w :i* mo/ appeal$ to him4 ,banquo voic$ ! compreh5siv5ess ( moral law :5 he said1 ,9 ! great h& ( ,god ,i /&4 ,!re is "h great div]g5ce betwe5 ! views ( ,%akespe>e & ( ,bacon4 ,d[d5 says3-- ,:ile ,bacon's s5se ( ! pres5ce ( physical law 9 ! univ]se 0 = 8 "t extraord9>ily develop$1 he seems practically to h act$ ^u ! !ory t ! moral laws ( ! _w are n inexorable1 b r by tactics & dext]ity may be clev]ly evad$4 ,_! supremacy 0 ackn[l$g$ by ,%akespe>e 9 ! m9ute/ z well z 9 ! greate/ conc]ns ( human life4 ,by employ+ tactics 9 s5d+ ,hamlet on a voyage to ,engl&1 ! k+ hop$ to avoid ! consequ5ces ( 8 crime4 ,macbe? 9 va9 tri$ e /ratagem to trammel up ! consequ5ce4 ,gon]il & ,regan drive _! :ite-hair$ fa!r out into ! /orm2 b ev5 9 ,k+ ,le>1 :]e ! =ces ( evil seem to run riot1 let u note ! result3-- ,?r\gh\t t /up5d\s ,?ird ,act ! good are se5 gr[+ bett] ?r\gh suff]+1 & ! bad worse ?r\gh success4 ,! w>m ca/le is a room 9 hell1 ! /orm-swept hea? a sanctu>y444 ,! only real ?+ 9 ! _w is ! s\l ) its c\rage1 pati5ce1 devotion4 ,& no?+ outw>d c t\* t4#bg ,%akespe>e makes no pessimi/s4 ,he %[s h[ mis=tune cr[ns life ) new moral glory4 ,we rise f ! gloom ( ,k+ ,le>1 feel+ t we w\ld r be l ,cordelia ?an l ei!r ( h] si/]s or any o!r selfi% "* :o app>5tly triumphs until life's close4 ,& yet ,cordelia lo/ ev]y?+1 h] portion ( h] fa!r's k+dom & h] own life4 ,:5 we realize t ,%akespe>e f\nd "o hundr$ & t5 l9es 9 ,k+ ,le> suffici5t n only to conf] immortality on ,cordelia1 b also to make u all eag] to pay homage to h]1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! ord9>y /&>d ( ! _w has n ceas$ to decl>e su* a life a failure1 we may ! bett] und]/& t 8 greate/ p[] consi/$ 9 reveal+ ! moral victories possible = ?is r\gh-hewn human life4 ,%akespe>e made a mi/ake ab\t ! seacoa/ ( ,bohemia & ! location ( ,milan ) ref]5ce to ! sea1 b he 0 always sure ( ! relative position ( "r & wrong & ( ! ultimate failure ( evil4 ,9 8 greate/ plays1 = in/ance1 9 ,macbe?1 he s\ght to impress ! incalculable dang] ( m$dl+ ) evil1 ! impossibility ( =eca/+ ! trag$y t might !reby result1 ! c]ta9ty t retribution w\ld foll[1 ei!r "h or beyond ?is bank & %oal ( "t4 ,ma/]y ( 8 ,"m ,tongue4--,8 weal? ( expression is ano!r /rik+ *>act]i/ic4 ,9 a poem on ,%akespe>e1 ,b5 ,jonson wrote3-- ,?\ _h'/ small ,lat9 & less ,greek4 ,%akespe>e is1 h[ev]1 ! mightie/ ma/] ( ! ,engli% tongue4 ,he uses #ae1jjj diff]5t words1 :ile ! second greate/ writ] 9 our language employs only #gjjj4 ,a great noveli/ l ,?ack]ay has a vocabul>y ( ab\t #ejjj words1 :ile _m un$ucat$ labor]s d n use ov] #fjj words4 ,! comb9ations t ,%akespe>e has made ) ^! #ae1jjj words are f> m /rik+ ?an _! m]e numb]4 ,v>iety ( ,/yle4--,! /yle ( ,milton1 ,addison1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 & ,macaulay has "s def9ite peculi>ities1 :i* c easily be classifi$4 ,%akespe>e1 on ! contr>y1 9 hold+ ! mirror up to nature1 has diff]5t /yles = 8 sailors1 soldi]s1 c\rti]s1 k+s1 & %eph]ds1--= ,juliet1 ! lov]2 = ,mi/ress ,quickly1 ! alewife2 = ,hamlet1 ! philosoph]2 & = ,bottom1 ! weav]4 ,to employ s _m /yles requires g5ius ( a peculi> k9d4 ,9 ! case ( mo/ ( u1 our /yle w\ld soon betray our individuality4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson tri$ to write a drama1 he made all 8 little fi%es talk l :ales1 z ,goldsmi? wittily rem>k$4 ,9 ! same play ,%akespe>e's /yle v>ies f ! da9ty lyric t\* ( ,ariel's song ab\t ! c[slip's bell & ! blossom+ b\gh1 to a /yle unsurpass$ = gr&eur3-- ,! cl\d-capp'd t[]s1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself1 ,yea1 all :i* x inh]it1 %all dissolve ,&1 l ?is insub/antial pageant fad$1 ,leave n a rack beh9d4 ,9 ! same passage 8 note imm$iately *anges to ! s(t vox humana (-- ,we are su* /uff ,z dreams are made on1 & our little life ,is r\nd$ ) a sleep4 ,8 ,influ5ce on ,?\ght4--,) ! exception ( ! ,scriptures1 ,%akespe>e's dramas h surpass$ all o!r works 9 mold+ mod]n ,engli% ?\ght4 ,if a p]son %\ld ma/] ,%akespe>e & ! ,bible1 he w\ld f9d mo/ t is greate/ 9 human ?\ght1 outside ( ! realm ( sci5ce4 ,ev5 :5 we d n read him1 we _c escape ! influ5ce ( o!rs :o h be5 sway$ by him4 ,= g5]ations1 c]ta9 modes ( ?\ght h cry/alliz$ ab\t 8 phrases4 ,we may in/ance su* expressions z ^!3 ,brevity is ! s\l ( wit4 ,:at's 9 a "n8 ,! wi% 0 fa!r to ! ?\ght4 ,! "t is out ( jo9t4 ,!re's ! rub4 ,!re's a div9ity t %apes our ends4 ,comp>isons are odor\s4 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 n be too mu* to say t ! play ( ,hamlet has affect$ ! ?\ght ( ! majority ( ! ,engli%-speak+ race4 ,8 grip on ,anglo-,saxon ?\ght has be5 increas+ = m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,%akespe>e's influ5ce on ! ?\ght ( any individual has only two circumscrib+ factors1--! ext5t ( ,%akespe>ean /udy & ! capacity ( int]pret+ ! facts ( life4 ,no intellig5t p]son c /udy ,%akespe>e )\t becom+ a deep] & m v>i$ ?9k]1 )\t secur+ a broad] compreh5sion ( human exi/5ce1--its /ruggles1 failures1 & successes4 ,if we h be=e view$ humanity ?r\gh a glass d>kly1 ,%akespe>e w gradually lead u :]e we c see face to face ! beauty & ! gr&eur ( ! my/]y ( exi/5ce4 ,8 mo/ valuable influ5ce (t5 consi/s 9 r5d]+ 8 /ud5ts sympa!tic & 9 mak+ !m feel a s5se ( k9%ip ) life4 ,%akespe>e's read]s m quickly realize t human nature %[s ! %ap+ t\* ( div9ity4 ,!y h ! r>e joy ( discov]+ ! _w anew & ( exclaim+ ) ,mir&a3-- ,h[ _m goodly creatures are !re "h6 ,h[ beaute\s mank9d is6 ,o brave new _w1 ,t has su* p 9't6#bh ,:5 we h really become acqua9t$ ) ,%akespe>e1 our lives w be less prosaic & re/rict$4 ,aft] intimate companion%ip ) him1 !re w be1 9 ! words ( ,ariel1 h>dly any common ?+ 9 life-- ,b do? suff] a sea-*ange ,into some?+ ri* & /range4#bi ,,b5 ,,jonson1 #aegc8-afcg ,illu/ration3 ,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,f ! portrait by ,g]>d ,hon?or/1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,ab\t n9e ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ,%akespe>e 8 greate/ successor 9 ! ,engli% drama 0 born 9 ,london4 ,jonson outliv$ ,%akespe>e tw5ty-"o ye>s & help$ to u%] 9 ! decl9e ( ! drama4 ,b5 ,jonson1 ! son ( a cl]gyman & ! /epson ( a ma/] bricklay]1 receiv$ a good education at ,we/m9/] ,s*ool4 ,unlike ,%akespe>e1 ,jonson le>n$ mu* ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,9 "o respect ,jonson's tra9+ 0 un=tunate = a poet4 ,he 0 taught to write prose ex]cises fir/ & !n to turn !m into poetry4 ,9 ?is way he acquir$ ! habit ( try+ to express unpoetical ideas 9 v]se4 ,art c\ld *ange ! prose into metrical rim+ l9es1 b art c\ld n brea! into !m ! liv+ s\l ( poetry4 ,9 aft] times ,jonson said t ,%akespe>e lack$ art1 b ,jonson recogniz$ t ! au?or ( ,hamlet _h ! magic t\* ( nature4 ,jonson's p5 r>ely felt h] all-embrac+ t\*4 ,if ,jonson s]v$ an appr5tice%ip z a bricklay]1 z 8 enemies aft]w>d said1 he did n cont9ue long at su* "w4 ,he cross$ ! ,*annel & enli/$ = a brief "t z a soldi] 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,he soon return$ to ,london & became a writ] = ! !at]1 & !nce=? liv$ ! life ( an au?or & a /ud5t4 ,he lov$ to /udy & translate ! classics4 ,9 fact1 :at a novice might ?9k orig9al 9 ,jonson's plays 0 (t5 borr[$ f ! classics4 ,( 8 relations to ! classical writ]s1 ,dryd5 says1 ,y track him ev]y:]e 9 _! sn[4 ,jonson 0 kn[n z ! mo/ le>n$ poet ( ! age1 because1 if 8 plays dem&$ any special k1 no subject 0 too h>d1 dry1 or remote f common life = him to attempt to ma/] x4 ,he knew ! b\nd>ies ( ,bohemia1 & he took pleasure 9 say+ to a fri5d3 ,%akespe>e 9 a play br\ght 9 a numb] ( m5 say+ !y _h suff]$ %ipwreck 9 ,bohemia1 :]e is no sea ne>1 by "s hundr$ miles4 ,jonson's p]sonal *>act]i/ics p>tly expla9 :y he plac$ himself 9 opposition to ! _s ( ! age4 ,he 0 extremely combative4 ,x 0 almo/ a necessity = him to qu>rel ) "s p]son or ) "s op9ion4 ,he kill$ two m5 9 duels1 & he w\ld probably h be5 hang$1 if he _h n plead$ b5efit ( cl]gy4 ,= ! great] "p ( 8 life1 he 0 (t5 occupi$ ) p5 & ink qu>rels4 ,:5 ,james ,i4 asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 #afjc1 ,jonson soon became a royal favorite4 ,he 0 (t5 employ$ to write masques1 a peculi> species ( drama :i* call$ = magnific5t sc5]y & dress1 & gave ! nobility ! opportunity ( act+ ! "p ( "s di/+ui%$ or sup]natural "*4 ,su* "w br\ght ,jonson into intimate association ) ! lead+ m5 ( ! day4 ,x is pleasant to ?9k t he 0 a fri5d ( ,%akespe>e4 ,jonson's pi?y volume ( prose1 kn[n z ,discov]ies made ^u ,m5 & ,matt]1 conta9s 8 fam\s criticism on ,%akespe>e1 notewor?y because x %[s h[ a great contempor>y reg>d$ him1 ,i lov$ ! man & d honor 8 memory on ?is side idolatry z mu* z any4 ,few ,engli% writ]s h receiv$ f a great rival au?or su* conv9c+ te/imony 9 reg>d to lovable p]sonality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b5 ,,jonson',s ,,tomb ,,9 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,9 #afaf1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,%akespe>e di$1 ,jonson 0 made poet laureate4 ,:5 he di$ 9 #afcg1 he 0 buri$ 9 an upright position 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,a pla9 /one ) ! unique inscription1 ,o ,r>e ,b5 ,jonson1 m>ks 8 grave4 ,plays4--,b5 ,jonson's com$ies are 8 be/ dramatic "w4 ,f all 8 plays we may select ?ree t w be/ repay read+3 ,volpone1 ,! ,al*emi/1 & ,! ,sil5t ,woman4 ,volpone is ! /ory ( an old1 *ildless1 ,v5etian nobleman ^: rul+ passion is av>ice4 ,ev]y?+ else 9 ! play is made tribut>y to ?is passion4 ,! fir/ ?ree l9es 9 ! fir/ act /rike ! keynote ( ! entire play4 ,volpone says3-- ,good morn+ to ! day2 & next1 my gold6-- ,op5 ! %r9e1 t ,i may see my sa9t4 ,hail ! _w's s\l & m9e6 ,! ,al*emi/ makes a /rong pres5tation ( c]ta9 =ms ( cr$ulity 9 human nature & ( ! special tricks :i* ! al*emi/s & impo/ors ( t day adopt$4 ,"o "* wants to buy ! secret ( ! helpful influ5ce ( ! />s2 ano!r p>ts ) 8 weal? to le>n ! al*emi/'s secret ( turn+ ev]y?+ into gold & jewels4 ,! way 9 :i* ^! *>act]s are deceiv$ is v amus+4 ,a /udy ( ?is play adds to our k ( a c]ta9 phase ( ! times4 ,9 po9t ( arti/ic con/ruction ( plot1 ,! ,al*emi/ is n[h]e excell$ 9 ! ,engli% drama2 b ! intrusion ( ,jonson's le>n+ (t5 makes ! play t$i\s read+1 z :5 he introduces ! te*nical t]ms ( ! s-call$ sci5ce ( al*emy to %[ t he has /udi$ x ?or\ghly4 ,"o "* speaks to ! al*emi/ (-- ,y\r lato1 azo*1 z]ni*1 *ibrit1 heaut>it1 & ano!r asks3-- ,c y sublime & dulcify8 calc9e8 ,"k y ! sapor pontic8 sapor /iptic1 ,or :at is homog5e1 or het]og5e8 ,l9es l ! foll[+ %[ t ,jonson's acute m9d _h grasp$ some?+ ( ! pr9ciple ( evolution3-- 444'tw]e absurd ,to ?9k t nature 9 ! e>? br$ gold ,p]fect 9 ! in/ant3 some?+ w5t be=e4 ,!re mu/ be remote matt]4 ,! ,sil5t ,woman is 9 light] ve9 ?an ei!r ( ! plays j m5tion$4 ,! lead+ "* is call$ ,morose1 & 8 special :im or humor is a horror ( noise4 ,8 home is on a /reet s n>r[ at bo? ends t x w receive no coa*es nor c>ts1 nor any ( ^! common noises4 ,he has mattresses on ! /airs1 & he dismisses ! footman = we>+ squeak+ %oes4 ,= a long "t ,morose does n m>ry1 fe>+ ! noise ( a wife's tongue4 ,f9ally he commissions 8 nephew to f9d him a sil5t woman = a wife1 & ! au?or uses to good advantage ! opportunity = comic situations :i* ?is turn 9 ! action af=ds4 ,dryd5 pref]r$ ,! ,sil5t ,woman to any ( ! o!r plays4 ,besides ! plays m5tion$ 9 ?is section1 ,jonson wrote dur+ 8 long life _m o!r com$ies & masques z well z "s trag$ies4 ,m>ks ( ,decl9e4--,a /udy ( ! decl9e ( ! drama1 z %[n 9 ,jonson's plays1 w give u a bett] appreciation ( ! g5ius ( ,%akespe>e4 ,we may *ange ,jonson's l9e s t x w /ate "o reason = 8 n ma9ta9+ ,%akespe>ean excell5ce3-- ,he 0 n = all "t1 b ( an age4 ,8 fir/ play1 ,e ,man 9 8 ,humor1 pa9ts1 n ! univ]sal emotions ( m51 b "s special humor4 ,he ?us def9es ! s5se 9 :i* he uses humor3-- ,z :5 "s "o peculi> quality ,do? s possess a man1 t x do? draw ,all 8 affects1 8 spirits & 8 p[]s1 ,9 _! confluctions1 all to run "o way1 ,?is may be truly said to be a ,humor4 ,unlike ,%akespe>e1 ,jonson gives a di/ort$ or incomplete picture ( life4 ,9 ,volpone ev]y?+ is subsidi>y to ! humor ( av>ice1 :i* receives unnatural emphasis4 ,9 ,! ,al*emi/ !re is little to relieve ! picture ( cr$ibility & hypocrisy1 :ile ,! ,sil5t ,woman has = its lead+ "* a man ^: pr9cipal humor or aim 9 life is to avoid noise4 ,no drama :i* fails to pa9t ! nobl] side ( womanhood c be call$ complete4 ,9 ,jonson's plays we d n f9d a s+le woman wor?y to come ne> ! ,%akespe>ean *>act]s1 ,cordelia1 ,imog51 & ,desdemona4 ,8 limitations are n[h]e m m>k$ ?an 9 8 inability to portray a noble woman4 ,ano!r reason :y he fails to pres5t life completely is %[n 9 ^! l9es1 9 :i* he def9es 8 mission3-- ,my /rict h& ,0 made to seize on vice1 & ) a gripe ,squeeze out ! humor ( su* spongy s\ls ,z lick up e idle vanity4 ,s9ce ! _w ne$s build+ up r ?an te>+ d[n1 a rem$y = an ailm5t r ?an fault-f9d+1 ! greate/ ( m5 _c be m]e satiri/s4 ,%akespe>e displays "s fell[ feel+ = ! object ( 8 satire1 b ,jonson's satire is cold & devoid ( sympa?y4 ,jonson delib]ately took 8 /& 9 opposition to ! romantic _s ( ! age4 ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e _h disreg>d$ ! classical unities & _h develop$ ! drama on romantic l9es4 ,jonson resolv$ to foll[ classical traditions & to adh]e to unity ( "t & place 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 plots4 ,! action 9 ! play ( ,! ,sil5t ,woman1 = in/ance1 occupies only twelve h\rs4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,jonson's plays %[ ! t\* ( a consci5ti\s arti/ ) great intellectual ability4 ,8 va/ erudition is con/antly app>5t4 ,he is ! satiric hi/orian ( 8 "t1 & he exhibits ! follies & ! humors ( ! age "u a p[]ful l5s4 ,he is also ! au?or ( da9ty lyrics1 & =cible prose criticism4 ,among ! %ortcom+s ( 8 plays1 we may specially note lack ( feel+ & ( univ]sality4 ,he fails to compreh5d ! nature ( woman4 ,he is n a sympa!tic obs]v] ( manifold life1 b pres5ts only :at is p]ceiv$ ?r\gh ! fro/$ glass ( intellect4 ,8 art is self-consci\s4 ,he defiantly oppos$ ! romantic _s ( ! age & weak5$ ! drama by mak+ x be> ! burd5 ( ! classical unities4 ,,m9or ,,dramati/s ,beaumont & ,flet*]4--,next to ,m>l[e1 ,%akespe>e1 & ,b5 ,jonson1 ! two mo/ influ5tial dramati/s 7 ,francis ,beaumont 7#aehd-afaf7 & ,john ,flet*] 7#aegi-afbe74 ,!y are usually m5tion$ toge!r because !y collaborat$ 9 writ+ plays4 ,flet*] _h ! great advantage ( work+ ) ,%akespe>e 9 produc+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,beaumont di$ n9e ye>s be=e ,flet*]1 & x is d\btful :e!r he collaborat$ ) ,flet*] 9 m ?an fifte5 ( ! fifty plays publi%$ "u _! jo9t names4 ,two ( _! greate/ plays1 ,phila/] & ,! ,maid's ,trag$y1 are probably _! jo9t production4 ,! ,fai?ful ,%eph]dess & ,bonduca are among ! be/ ( ab\t eighte5 plays suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ,flet*] alone4 ,aft] ,beaumont's dea?1 ,flet*] sometimes collaborat$ ) o!r dramati/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,francis ,,beaumont4 ,almo/ all ! s-call$ ,beaumont & ,flet*] plays are well con/ruct$4 ,^! dramati/s also h1 9 common ) ! majority ( _! associates1 ! ability to produce occasional passages ( exquisite poetry4 ,a "* 9 ,phila/] speaks ( dea? 9 l9es t sugge/ ,hamlet3-- ',tis less ?an to be born2 a la/+ sleep1 ,a quiet re/+ f all jeal\sy2 ,a ?+ we all pursue2 ,i "k besides ,x is b giv+ ov] ( a game ,t mu/ be lo/4 ,beaumont & ,flet*]'s "w is notewor?y = its pictures ( contempor>y life & mann]s1 = weal? ( incid5t1 rapidity ( movem5t1 & v>iety ( *>act]s4 ,n long aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury !re 0 a *ange 9 ! ta/e ( ! patrons ( ! !at]4 ,%akespe>e decl9$ 9 popul>ity4 ,! playwrights tri$ to solve ! problem ( int]e/+ audi5ces t wi%$ only to be ent]ta9$4 ,?is attempt l$ to a *ange 9 dramatic me?ods4 ,*ang$ ,moral ,ideals4--,"u ,elizabe?'s successors ! ,puritan _s increas$ & ! mo/ religi\s "p ( ! community seldom att5d$ ! !at]4 ,! lat] dramati/s pay little att5tion to ! moral developm5t ( "* & its self-revelation ?r\gh action4 ,!y (t5 m]ely describe "* & pa9t x f ! outside4 ,we h se5 t ,%akespe>e's great plays are almo/ a demon/ration 9 moral geometry1 b ,beaumont & ,flet*] are n mu* conc]n$ ov] ! moral consequ5ces ( an action4 ,! grave/ *>ge aga9/ !m is t !y unknit ! sequ5ce ( moral cause & effect4 ,aft] read+ su* plays1 we d n rise ) ! feel+ t !re is a div9ity t %apes our ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,flet*]4 ,col]idge says1 ,%akespe>e nev] r5d]s t amiable :i* religion & reason alike tea* u to dete/1 or clo!s impurity 9 ! g>b ( virtue1 l ,beaumont & ,flet*]4 ,mu* ( ! "w ( _! contempor>y dramati/s is m>r$ by su* blemi%es4 ,unpleasant z are numb]s ( ^! plays1 !y are less insidi\s ?an _m :i* h appe>$ on ! /age 9 mod]n times4 ,love ( ,surprises4--,! dramati/s rack$ _! inv5tive p[]s to introduce surprises to int]e/ ! audi5ce4 ,"h 0 a m>k$ dep>ture f ,%akespe>e's lat] me?od4 ,he plans ,macbe? s z to h 8 audi5ce =eca/ ! logical result4 ,consequ5ces ( ! mo/ trem5d\s import1 beside :i* ,beaumont & ,flet*]'s surprises seem trivial1 foll[ naturally f ,macbe?'s actions4 ,9 8 greate/ plays1 ,%akespe>e1 unlike ! lat] dramati/s1 nev] relies on illogical surprises to su/a9 ! int]e/4 ,! wit* que5 9 "o ( ! plays ( ,?omas ,middleton 7#aegj-afbg7 sudd5ly exclaims3-- 444fet* ?ree ounces ( ! r$-hair$ girl ,i kill'd la/ midnight4 ,%akespe>e's wit*es sugge/ only en\gh ( ! weird & ! horrible to transfix ! att5tion & make ! behold] realize ! =ce ( ! temptation t assails ,macbe?4 ,*>les ,lamb truly obs]ves t ,middleton's wit*es c h>m ! body1 b ,%akespe>e's h p[] ov] ! s\l4 ,middleton c\ld1 h[ev]1 write a passage l ! foll[+1 :i* probably sugge/$ to ,milton "o ( ! f9e/ l9es 9 ,lycidas3-- ,^u ^? lips1 ! sweet fre% buds ( y\?1 ,! holy dew ( pray] lies1 l pe>l ,dropt f ! op5+ eyelids ( ! morn ,^u a ba%ful rose4 ,l>ge ,numb] ( ,playwrights4--,beaumont & ,flet*] 7 only two ( a l>ge numb] ( dramati/s :o 7 born 9 ! age ( ,elizabe?1 & :o1 ) few exceptions1 liv$ into ! second qu>t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,_! "w 0 ! result ( e>li] ,elizabe?an impulses1 & x is rightly consid]$ a "p ( ! great dramatic movem5t ( ! ,elizabe?an age4 ,! popul>ity ( ! drama cont9u$ to attract _m au?ors :o 9 a diff]5t age might h produc$ o!r =ms ( lit]ature4 ,george ,*apman 7#aeei8-afcd71 :o is be/ kn[n = 8 f9e translation ( ,hom]'s ,iliad1 turn$ dramati/ 9 middle life1 b f\nd x difficult to ent] into ! feel+s ( *>act]s unlike himself4 ,8 be/ two plays1 ,bussy ,d',ambois & ,! ,rev5ge ( ,bussy ,d',ambois1 are trag$ies f\nd$ on ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,?omas ,middleton1 gift$ 9 dramatic te*nique & dialogue & not$ = 8 com$y ( dome/ic mann]s1 0 ! au?or ( ,mi*aelmas ,t]m1 ,a ,trick to ,cat* ! ,old ,"o1 ,! ,*angel+ 79 collaboration ) ,william ,r[ley1 #aehe8-afdj874 ,john ,m>/on 7#aegf8-afcd7 wrote ,antonio & ,mellida1 a blood & ?und] trag$y1 & collaborat$ ) ,jonson & ,*apman to produce ,ea/w>d ,hoe1 an excell5t comic picture ( contempor>y life4 ,! ,%oemak]'s ,holiday ( ,?omas ,dekk] 7#aegj8-afdj7 is also a good com$y ( ,london life & mann]s4 ,philip ,mass+] 7#aehd-afdj71 a lat] collaborator ) ,flet*]1 wrote ,a ,new ,way to ,pay ,old ,debts1 a play v popul> 9 aft] times4 ,?omas ,heywood 7#aegb8-afej71 "o ( ! mo/ prolific dramati/s1 claim$ to h _h ei!r an entire h& or at ! lea/ a ma9 f+]1 9 two hundr$ & tw5ty plays4 ,8 be/ "w is ,a ,woman ,kill$ ) ,k9dness1 a dome/ic drama t appeal$ to ! middle classes4 ,a ,tragic ,gr\p4--,?ree dramati/s3 ,john ,web/] 7#afjb-afbd71 ,cyril ,t\rneur 7#aege8-afbf71 & ,john ,=d 7#aehf-afdj871 _h a love = ! mo/ somb] trag$y4 ,9 tragic p[]1 ,web/] approa*es ne>e/ to ,%akespe>e4 ,web/]'s greate/ play1 ,! ,du*ess ( ,malfi 7act$ 9 #afaf71 & ,! ,:ite ,devil1 :i* ranks second1 %[ ! work+ ( a ma/] h&1 b ,web/]'s g5ius comes to a focus only 9 depict+ ! horrible4 ,he loves su* gloomy metaphors z ! foll[+3-- ,y speak z if a man ,%\ld "k :at f[l is c(f9$ 9 a bak$ meat ,a=e y cut x op54 ,t\rneur's ,! ,a!i/'s ,trag$y is 9 ,web/]'s ve91 b f> inf]ior to ,! ,du*ess ( ,malfi4 ,=d's ,! ,brok5 ,he>t is a /rong1 b unpleasant1 trag$y4 ,he is s fasc9at$ ) ! horrible t he introduces x ev5 :5 x is n ! logical outcome ( a situation4 ,8 be/ b lea/ *>act]i/ic play is ,p]k9 ,w>beck1 :i* is wor?y ( rank+ second only to ,%akespe>e's hi/orical plays4 ,end ( ! ,elizabe?an ,drama4--,james ,%irley 7#aeif-afff71 ! la/ ( ! ,elizabe?ans1 endeavor$ to ! be/ ( 8 ability to cont9ue ! "w ( ! e>li] dramati/s4 ,! ,traitor & ,! ,c>d9al are two ( ! be/ ( 8 _m productions4 ,he 0 h>d at "w writ+ new plays 9 #afdb1 :5 ! ,puritans clos$ ! !at]s4 ,he 0 ?us =c$ to ab&on ! pr(ession t he enjoy$ & compell$ to tea* 9 ord] to e>n a livelihood4 ,! drama has nev] s9ce rega9$ its ,elizabe?an asc5dancy4 ,! co>se plays ( ! ,re/oration 7#affj7 fl\ri%$ = a :ile1 b ! treatm5t ( ! lat] drama =ms b a m9or "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! be/ ,engli% lit]ature4 ,few plays produc$ dur+ ! next two hundr$ ye>s are mu* read or act$ to-day4 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] 7#aggc71 by ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 & ,! ,rivals 7#agge7 & ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al 7#aggg71 by ,ri*>d ,br9sley ,%]idan1 are ! *ief exceptions be=e #ahij4 ,,summ>y ,! ,elizabe?an age 0 a p]iod ( expansion 9 k1 comm]ce1 religi\s fre$om1 & human opportunities4 ,! defeat ( ! ,armada fre$ ,engl& f fe> ( ,spani% dom9ation & made h] mi/ress ( ! sea4 ,engl& 0 vivifi$ by ! comb9$ influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance & ! ,re=mation4 ,k 0 exp&+ 9 e direction & promis+ to cr[n human ef=t ) univ]sal ma/]y4 ,! great] feel+ ( individuality 0 p>tly due to ! ,re=mation1 :i* emphasiz$ ! direct responsibility ( ea* individual = all acts affect+ ! welf>e ( 8 s\l4 ,elizabe?ans 7 not$ = _! res\rcefulness1 _! initiative1 _! crav+ = new exp]i5ces1 & _! desire to realize ! utmo/ out ( life4 ,z !y c>$ little = ideas t c\ld n be translat$ into action1 !y 7 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! drama4 ,al?\gh ! prose cov]s a wide field1 x is f> inf]ior to ! poetry4 ,lyly's ,euphues suff]s f ov]wr\ght conceits & =c$ anti!ses1 b x influ5c$ writ]s to pay m att5tion to ! mann] 9 :i* ?\ght 0 express$4 ,! fl[]y prose ( ,sidney's ,arcadia pres5ts a pa/oral _w ( romance4 ,8 ,apologie = ,poetrie is a m]itori\s piece ( e>ly criticism4 ,:ile ,hook] indicates advance 9 solidity ( matt] & dignity ( /yle1 yet a comp>ison ( 8 heavy religi\s prose ) ! pray] ( ! k+ 9 ,hamlet or ) ,portia's words ab\t m]cy 9 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice w %[ ! va/ sup]iority ( ! poetry 9 deal+ ) spiritual ideas4 ,bacon's ,essays1 celebrat$ = pi?y cond5sation ( /rik+ ?\ghts1 is ! only prose "w t has /ood ! te/ ( "t well en\gh to claim _m read]s to-day4 ,poetry1 bo? lyric & dramatic1 is ! cr[n+ glory ( ! ,elizabe?an age4 ,! lyric v]se is rem>kable = its wide range & = beauty ( =m & s5tim5t4 ,! lyrics include love sonnets1 pa/orals1 & miscellane\s v]se4 ,%akespe>e's ,sonnets & ! songs 9 8 dramas are ! be/ 9 ?is field1 b _m poets wrote exquisite arti/ic lyrics4 ,edmund ,sp5s] is ! only great poet :o 0 n also a dramati/4 ,8 ,fa]ie ,que5e fa%ions an ideal _w dom9at$ by a love ( beauty & high endeavor4 ,! greate/ lit]>y successes ( ! age 7 won 9 writ+ plays = ! /age4 ,9 ,engl& ! drama _h = c5turies sl[ly develop$ ?r\gh ,miracle plays1 ,moralities1 & ,int]ludes to ! plays ( ,m>l[e1 ,%akespe>e1 & ,b5 ,jonson4 ,^! ?ree are ! greate/ ,elizabe?an dramati/s1 b !y are only ! c5tral figures ( a gr\p4 ,! ,engli% drama 9 ! h&s ( ,sackville imitat$ ,s5eca & foll[$ ! rules ( ! classic /age4 ,m>l[e & ,%akespe>e ?rew (f ! re/ra9ts ( ! classical unities2 & ! romantic drama1 rejoic+ 9 its fre$om1 spe$ily told ! /ory ( all life4 ,! inny>ds 7 us$ = ! public pres5tation ( plays be=e ! erection ( !at]s 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! !at]s 7 a great educational =ce 9 ,%akespe>e's "t4 ,!y n only furni%$ amusem5t1 b !y also took ! place ( p]iodicals1 lectures1 & books4 ,! actors1 com+ into close contact ) _! audi5ce & unable to rely on elaborate sc5]y z an (fset to poor act+1 7 equal to ! task ( s pres5t+ ,%akespe>e's great plays z to make !m popul>4 ,%akespe>e's plays1 ! greate/ ev] writt51 reveal wond]ful sympa?y1 univ]sality1 humor1 del9eation ( "*1 high moral ideals1 ma/]y ( expression1 & /r5g?1 beauty1 & v>iety ( poetic =m4 ,great z is ,b5 ,jonson1 he hamp]$ himself by obs]v+ ! classical unities & by /ress+ accid5tal qualities4 ,he lacks ,%akespe>e's univ]sality1 broad sympa?y1 & emotional appeal4 ,o!r m9or dramati/s1 l ,beaumont & ,flet*] %[ fur!r decl9e1 because !y con/ruct$ _! plays m f ! outside1 %[$ less developm5t ( "* 9 /rict accordance ) moral law1 & reli$ m = effect on s5sational sc5es4 ,! drama has nev] s9ce tak5 up ! w& t dropp$ f ,%akespe>e's h&s4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,9 addition to ! *apt]s on ! "t 9 ! hi/ories ( ,g>d9]1 ,gre51 ,l+>d1 ,walk]1 & ,traill1 see ,/eph5son's ,! ,elizabe?an ,p1 ,creighton's ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,wilson's ,life 9 ,%akespe>e's ,engl&1 ,/eph5son's ,%akespe>e's ,london1 ,w>n]'s ,engli% ,hi/ory 9 ,%akespe>e's plays4 ,,lit]>y ,g5]al & ,non-,dramatic ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vols4 ,,iv41 ,v41 & ,,vi4 ,c\r?ope's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,s*ell+'s ,engli% ,lit]ature dur+ ! ,lifetime ( ,%akespe>e4 ,seecombe & ,all5's ,! ,age ( ,%akespe>e1 #b vols4 ,sa9tsbury's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,elizabe?an ,lit]ature4 ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography = lives ( ,lyly1 ,sidney1 ,hook]4 ,bacon1 ,sp5s]1 & ! m9or dramati/s4 ,walton's ,life ( ,hook]4 ,*ur*'s ,life ( ,bacon4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,*ur*'s ,life ( ,sp5s]4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,mackail's ,! ,spr+s ( ,helicon 7,sp5s]74 ,d[d5's ,transcripts & ,/udies 7,sp5s]74 ,l[ell's ,among ,my ,books 7,sp5s]74 ,ersk9e's ,! ,elizabe?an ,lyric4 ,! ,drama#cj ,s*ell+'s ,elizabe?an ,drama1 #aeeh-afdb1 #b vols4 ,w>d's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,lit]ature1 #c vols4 ,brooke's ,! ,tudor ,drama4 ,*amb]s's ,! ,m$iaeval ,/age4 ,allbright's ,! ,%akespe>ean ,/age4 ,lawr5ce's ,elizabe?an ,playh\se & ,o!r ,/udies4 ,smi?'s ,york ,plays 7,cl>5don ,press74 ,symonds's ,%akespe>e's ,pr$ecessors 9 ! ,engli% ,drama4 ,bates's ,! ,engli% ,religi\s ,drama4 ,manly's ,specim5s ( ! ,pre-,%akespe>ean ,drama4 ,wallace's ,! ,evolution ( ! ,engli% ,drama up to ,%akespe>e4 ,+ram's ,*ri/oph] ,m>l[e & 8 ,associates4 ,d[d5's ,transcripts & ,/udies 7,m>l[e74 ,symonds's ,b5 ,jonson4 ,sw9burne's ,a ,/udy ( ,b5 ,jonson4 ,%akespe>e ,lee's ,a ,life ( ,william ,%akespe>e4 ,furnivall & ,munro's ,%akespe>e3 ,life & ,"w4 ,h>ris's ,! ,man ,%akespe>e & 8 ,tragic ,life ,/ory4 ,halliwell-,phillipps's ,outl9es ( ! ,life ( ,%akespe>e4 ,raleigh's ,%akespe>e47,e4,m4,l47 ,bak]'s ,! ,developm5t ( ,%akespe>e z a ,dramati/4 ,mac,cracken1 ,pi]ce1 & ,durham's ,an ,introduction to ,%akespe>e4 ,bradley's ,%akespe>ean ,trag$y 7excell5t74 ,bradley's ,ox=d ,lectures on ,poetry4 ,d[d5's ,%akespe>e1 ,8 ,m9d & ,art4 ,col]idge's ,lectures on ,%akespe>e 7pp4 #ba-eh ( ,be]s's ,selections f ! ,prose writ+s ( ,col]idge74 ,l[ell's ,%akespe>e ,once ,m1 9 ,among ,my ,books4 ,wallace's ,%akespe>e1 ! ,globe1 & ,blackfri>s4 ,h[ ,%akespe>e's ,s5ses 7 ,tra9$1 ,*ap4 ,x4 9 ,halleck's ,education ( ! ,c5tral ,n]v\s ,sy/em4 ,rolfe's ,%akespe>e ! ,boy4 ,boswell-,/one's ,%akespe>e's ,hol9%$4 ,brooke's ,%akespe>e's ,plut>*1 #b vols4 ,madd5's ,! ,di>y ( ,ma/] ,william ,sil5ce3 ,a ,/udy ( ,%akespe>e & ( ,elizabe?an ,sport4 ,w9t]'s ,%akespe>e on ! ,/age4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,elizabe?an ,prose4--,good selections f ,as*am1 ,hakluyt1 ,raleigh1 ,hol9%$1 ,/[1 ,camd51 ,nor?1 ,sidney1 ,foxe1 ,hook]1 ,lyly1 ,gre5e1 ,lodge1 & ,na%e are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,i4#ca ,*amb]s1 ,i4 & ,manly1 ,,ii4 also give a numb] ( selections4 ,deloney's ,! ,g5tle ,craft may be f\nd 9 ! ,cl>5don ,press edition ( 8 ,works4 ,= ,bacon1 see ,craik1 ,,ii4 ,^! selections w give ! /ud5t a broad] grasp ( ! ,elizabe?an age4 ,! /yle & subject matt] ( ,lyly's ,euphues1 ,sidney's ,arcadia1 ,hook]'s ,( ! ,laws ( ,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 & ,bacon's ,essays %\ld be specially not$4 ,:i* "o ( ^! au?ors ex]t$ ! /ronge/ influ5ce on 8 own age8 ,:i* "o makes ! /ronge/ appeal to mod]n times8 ,9 :at respects does ! /yle ( any ,elizabe?an prose writ] %[ an improvem5t ov] t ( ,m&eville & ,malory8 ,lyrics4--,= specim5s ( love sonnets1 read ,nos4 #ah1 #cc1 #gc1 #ajd1 #aaa1 & #aaf ( ,%akespe>e's ,sonnets4 ,comp>e !m ) any ( ,sidney's ,sp5s]'s sonnets4 ,o!r love lyrics :i* %\ld be read are ,sp5s]'s ,pro?alamion1 ,lodge's ,love 9 ,my ,bosom ,l a ,bee & ,b5 ,jonson's ,to ,celia4 ,among pa/oral lyrics1 read f ,sp5s]'s ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> = ,augu/1 #aegi1 ,p]igo & ,willie's duet1 beg9n+3-- ,x fell ^u a holy eve1 & ,m>l[e's ,! ,passionate ,%eph]d to ,8 ,love4 ,! be/ pa/oral lyrics f ! mod]n po9t ( view are ,%akespe>e's two songs3 ,"u ! ,gre5wood ,tree 7,z y l x7 & ,:5 ,icicles ,hang by ! ,wall 7,love's ,labor's ,lo/74 ,! be/ miscellane\s lyrics are ! songs 9 ,%akespe>e's ,cymbel9e1 ,! ,tempe/1 & ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,drayton's ,ballad ( ,ag9c\rt & ,sonnet #fa are 8 be/ lyrical v]se4 ,read ,b5 ,jonson's ,an ,epitaph on ,sala?iel ,pavy &1 f 8 ,p9d>ic ,ode1 ! /anza beg9n+3-- ,x is n gr[+ l a tree4 ,f ,john ,donne1 read ei!r ,! ,fun]al1 ,! ,canonization1 or ,! ,dream4 ,good selections f all v>ieties ( ,elizabe?an lyrics may be f\nd 9 ,bronson1 ,,ii41 ,w>d4 ,i41 ,ox=d1 ,c5tury1 ,manly1 ,i4 ,ne>ly all ! lyrics ref]r$ to 9 ?is li/1 includ+ ! be/ songs f ! dramati/s1 are giv5 9 ,s*ell+'s ,elizabe?an ,lyrics 7#cbg pp41 #ge c5ts74 ,?is "w1 toge!r ) ,ersk9e's ,! ,elizabe?an ,lyric & ,re$'s ,engli% ,lyrical ,poetry f its ,orig9s to ! ,pres5t ,"t1 w s]ve = a m exhau/ive /udy ( ?is fasc9at+ subject4 ,f y\r read+1 select f ea* class ! lyric t pleases y mo/1 & give reasons = y\r *oice4 ,:i* lyric seems ! mo/ spontane\s8 ! mo/ arti/ic8 ! mo/ inspir$8 ! mo/ mod]n8 ! mo/ qua9t8 ! mo/ & ! lea/ in/9ct ) feel+8 ,edmund ,sp5s]4--,! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,book ,i41 ,canto ,i41 %\ld be read4 ,mayn>d's ,engli% ,classic ,s]ies1 ,no4 #bg 7#ab c5ts7 conta9s ! fir/ two cantos & ! ,pro?alamion4 ,kit*9's edition ( ,book ,i4 7,cl>5don ,press4 #fj c5ts7 is an excell5t volume4 ,! ,globe edition furni%es a good complete text ( ,sp5s]'s "w4 ,ample selections are giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,ii41 ,w>d1 ,i41 & brief] ones 9 ,manly1 ,i41 & ,c5tury4 ,,! ,,drama ,! ,be/ ,volumes ( ,selections4--,! lea/ exp5sive volume to cov] ne>ly ! entire field ) brief selections is ,vol4 ,,ii4 ( ,! ,ox=d ,treasury ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 entitl$ ,gr[? ( ! ,drama 7,cl>5don ,press1 #dab pp41 #ij c5ts74 ,poll>d's ,engli% ,miracle ,plays1 ,moralities1 & ,int]ludes 7,cl>5don ,press1 #bej pp41 #a4ij7 is ! be/ s+le volume ( selections f ?is bran* ( ! drama4 ,ev]yman & ,o!r ,miracle ,plays 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 #ce c5ts7 is a good inexp5sive volume4 ,manly's' ,specim5s ( ! ,pre-,%akespe>ean ,drama 7?ree volumes1 #a4be ea*7 cov]s ?is field m fully4 ,morley's ,engli% ,plays 7publi%$ z ,vol4 ,,iii4 ( ,cassell's ,libr>y ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 at elev5 & "o half %ill+s7 conta9s good selections f ne>ly all ! plays m5tion$ bel[1 except ^? by ,%akespe>e & ,jonson4 ,williams's ,specim5s ( ! ,elizabe?an ,drama1 f ,lyly to ,%irley1 #aehj-afdb 7,cl>5don ,press1 #egf pp41 #a4ij7 is excell5t = a compreh5sive survey ( ! field cov]$4 ,lamb's ,specim5s ( ,engli% ,poets ,:o ,liv$ ab\t ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e 7,bohn's ,libr>y1 #eeb pp47 conta9s a l>ge numb] ( good selections4 ,miracle ,plays4--,read ! ,*e/] ,play ( ,noah's ,flood1 ,poll>d1#cb #h-bj1 & ! ,t[neley ,play ( ! ,%eph]ds1 ,poll>d1 #ca-dc2 ,manly's ,specim5s1 ,i1 #id-aai2 ,morley's ,engli% ,plays1 #ab-ah4 ,^! two plays be/ %[ ! g]ms ( ,engli% com$y4 ,moralities4--,! be/ ,morality is t kn[n z ,ev]yman1 ,poll>d1 #gf-if2 also 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,if ,ev]yman is n accessible1 ,hycke-,scorn] may be sub/itut$1 ,morley2 #ab-ah2 ,manly's ,specim5s1 ,i41 #chf-dbj4 ,c\rt ,plays1 ,e>ly ,com$ies1 & ,gorboduc4--,! be/ ,int]lude is ,! ,f\r ,p's4 ,adequate selections are giv5 9 ,morley1 #ah-bj1 & 9 ,symonds's ,%akespe>e's ,pr$ecessors 9 ! ,engli% ,drama1 #ahh-bja4 ,poll>d & ,manly give sev]al good selections f o!r ,int]ludes4 ,ralph ,roy/] ,doy/] may be f\nd 9 ,arb]'s ,repr9ts2 9 ,morley's ,engli% ,plays1 pp4 #bb-df2 9 ,manly's ,specim5s1 ,,ii41 #e-ib2 9 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,ii41 #afa-agd1 & 9 ,temple ,dramati/s 7#ce c5ts74 ,gorboduc is giv5 9 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,ii4 pp41 #dj-ed 7selections72 ,morley's ,engli% ,plays1 pp4 #ea-fd2 &1 "u ! title ( ,f]rex & ,porrex1 9 ,dodsley's ,old ,plays4 ,:at 7 "s ( ! purposes = :i* ,int]ludes 7 writt58 ,h[ did !y aid 9 ! developm5t ( ! drama8 ,9 :at diff]5t =ms are ,! ,f\r-,p's1 ,ralph ,roy/] ,doy/]1 & ,gorboduc writt58 ,:y w\ld ,%akespe>e's plays h be5 impossible if ! evolution ( ! drama _h /opp$ ) ,gorboduc8 ,pre-,%akespe>ean ,dramati/s4--,selections f ,lyly1 ,peele1 ,gre51 ,lodge1 ,na%e1 & ,kyd may be f\nd 9 ,williams's ,specim5s4 ,morley & ,ox=d ,treasury also conta9 a numb] ( selections4 ,peele's ,! ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is & ,kyd's ,! ,spani% ,trag$y are 9 ,temple ,dramati/s4 ,gre5e's be/ plays are 9 ,m]maid ,s]ies4 ,:at are ! m]its ( ,lyly's dialogue & com$y8 ,:at might ,%akespe>e h le>n$ f ,lyly1 ,peele1 ,gre5e1 & ,kyd8 ,9 :at diff]5t =m did ^! dramati/s write8 ,:at progress d !y %[8 ,m>l[e4--,read ,dr4 ,fau/us1 9 ,ma/]pieces ( ! ,engli% ,drama 7,am]ican ,book ,company7 or 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,?is play may also be f\nd 9 ,morley's ,engli% ,plays1 pp4 #aaf-abh1 or 9 ,morley's ,univ]sal ,libr>y4 ,selections f v>i\s plays ( ,m>l[e may be f\nd 9 ,ox=d ,treasury1 #fa-he1 #ccj-cef2 & 9 ,williams's ,specim5s1 #be-cd4 ,does ,dr4 ,fau/us obs]ve ! classical unities8 ,9 :at way does x %[ ! _s ( ! ,elizabe?an age8 ,0 ! poetic =m ( ! play ! regul> vehicle ( dramatic expression8 ,9 :at does ! greatness ( ! play consi/8 ,:at are its defects8 ,:y d "y p sometimes ?9k ,m>l[e ! greate/ ( all ! ,elizabe?an dramati/s8 ,%akespe>e4--,! /ud5t %\ld read 9 sequ5ce "o or m ( ! plays 9 ea* ( ,%akespe>e's f\r p]iods ( developm5t 7pp4 #ahe1 #ahh71 su* z ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream & ,romeo & ,juliet1 = ! fir/ p]iod2 ,z ,y ,l ,x & ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 = ! second2 ,hamlet & ,k+ ,le> or ,macbe? or ,julius ,caes>1 = ! ?ird2 & ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale & ,! ,tempe/1 = ! f\r?4 ,among ! _m good annotat$ editions ( sep>ate plays are ! ,cl>ke & ,wright1 ,rolfe1 ,hudson1 ,ard51 ,temple1 & ,tudor editions4 ,furness's ,v>iorum ,%akespe>e is ! be/ = exhau/ive /udy4 ,! be/ portable s+le volume edition is ,craig's ,ox=d ,%akespe>e1 ,india pap]1 #acej pages4 ,! /ud5t _c d bett] ?an foll[ ! advice ( ,dr4 ,johnson3 ,let him :o is unacqua9t$ ) ! p[]s ( ,%akespe>e1 & :o desires to feel ! highe/ pleasure t ! drama c give1 read e play1 f ! fir/ sc5e to ! la/1 ) utt] neglig5ce ( all 8 comm5tators444 ,let him read on ?r\gh brightness & obscurity1 ?r\gh integrity & corruption2 let him pres]ve 8 compreh5sion ( ! dialogue & 8 int]e/ 9 ! fable4 ,& :5 ! pleasures ( novelty h ceas$1 let him attempt exactness & read ! comm5tators4 ,%akespe>e's ?ree greate/ trag$ies1 ,hamlet1 ,k+ ,le>1 & ,macbe?1 %\ld be read sev]al times4 ,aft] becom+ famili> ) ! /ory1 ! /ud5t %\ld next det]m9e ! g5]al aim ( ! play & analyze ! p]sonality & philosophy ( ea* ( ! lead+ *>act]s4 ,aft] read+ "s ( all classes ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 po9t out 8 7a7 bread? ( sympa?y1 7b7 humor1 7c7 moral ideals1 7d7 ma/]y ( ,engli% & v>iety ( /yle1 & 7e7 univ]sality4 ,:at idea ( 8 p]sonality c y =m f 8 plays8 ,if y h read !m 9 sequ5ce1 po9t out "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* ( 8 f\r p]iods4 ,:y is ,%akespe>e (t5 call$ a great dramatic arti/8 ,h[ did 8 audi5ce & mann] ( pres5tation ( 8 plays modify 8 treatm5t ( a dramatic !me8 ,b5 ,jonson & ,m9or ,dramati/s4--,! be/ plays ( ,b5 ,jonson1 ,*apman1 ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 ,middleton1 ,mass+]1 ,web/]1 & ,t\rneur may be f\nd 9 ,ma/]pieces ( ! ,engli% ,drama edit$ by ,s*ell9q 7,am]ican ,book ,company74 ,selections f all ! m9or dramati/s m5tion$ may be f\nd 9 ,williams's ,specim5s4 ,! tea*] w ne$ to ex]cise c>e 9 assign+ read+s4 ,mo/ ( ! m9or dramati/s are bett] suit$ to advanc$ /ud5ts4 ,read ,jonson's ,! ,al*emi/ or ! selection 9 ,williams's ,specim5s4 ,a suffici5t selection f ,phila/] may be f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ( ,! ,ox=d ,treasury1 9 ,morley1 & 9 ,williams's ,specim5s4 ,:at po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,%akespe>e & ,jonson d y notice8 ,:at is 8 object 9 ,! ,al*emi/8 ,:y is its plot call$ unusually f9e8 ,:]e9 does ,jonson %[ a decl9e 9 ! drama8 ,:o 7 ,beaumont & ,flet*]8 ,:at movem5t 9 ! drama d !y illu/rate8 ,:at are ! *>act]i/ics ( "s o!r m9or dramati/s8 ,:at are ! *ief reasons :y ! m9or dramati/s fail to equal ,%akespe>e8 ,:5 & :y did ?is p]iod ( ! drama close8 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iv3 ,footnote #a3 ,= additional m5tion ( ,elizabe?an noveli/s1 see p4 #cag4 ,footnote #b3 ,= ref]5ces to selections f all ^! prose writ]s1 see p4 #bae4 ,footnote #c3 ,( ,y\? & ,age4 ,footnote #d3 ,?omas ,heywood's ,mat9 ,song4 ,footnote #e3 ,sugge/ions = additional /udy ( ,elizabe?an lyrics are giv5 on p4 #bae4 ,footnote #f3 rid+4 ,footnote #g3 ,an ,hymne 9 ,hon\r ( ,beautie4 ,footnote #h3 ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,book ,,iii41 ,canto #d4 ,footnote #i3 ,ibid41 ,book ,i41 ,canto #c4 ,footnote #aj3 ,smi?'s ,york ,plays4 ,footnote #aa3 ,c4,w4 ,wallace's ,! ,evolution ( ! ,engli% ,drama up to ,%akespe>e4 ,footnote #ab3 ,wallace1 op4 cit41 p4#cg4 ,footnote #ac3 ,:at ,we ,"k ( ! ,elizabe?an ,/age4 ,footnote #ad3 ,p]=mances 7 (t5 giv5 at night 9 private !at]s4 ,f ! records 9 a lawsuit ov] ! second ,blackfri>s ,!at]1 we le>n t !re 7 9 #afjh only ?ree private !at]s 9 ,london1--,blackfri>s1 ,:itefri>s1 & a ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral playh\se1 9 :i* boys act$4 ,footnote #ae3 ,?is draw+ ( ! ,swan ,!at]1 ,london1 0 probably made ne> ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury by van ,bu*ell1 a ,dut*man1 f a description by 8 fri5d1 ,j4 de ,witt4 ,! draw+1 f\nd at ! ,univ]sity ( ,utre*t1 al?\gh p]haps n accurate 9 details1 is valuable z a r\gh contempor>y record ( an impression communicat$ to a draftsman by "o :o _h se5 an ,elizabe?an play4 ,footnote #af3 ,! lease ( ! build+ = ! fir/ ,blackfri>s ,!at]1 on ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london1 0 tak5 9 #aegf by ,ri*>d ,f>rant1 ma/] ( ! boys ( ,w9dsor ,*apel1 & cancel$ 9 #aehd4 ,9 #aeie ,james ,burbage b\ght a build+ = ! second ,blackfri>s ,!at]1 ne> ! site ( ! fir/4 ,?is 0 a private !at]1 compet+ ) ! ,globe1 ) :i* ,%akespe>e 0 connect$4 ,! *ief dramati/s = ! second ,blackfri>s 7 ,b5 ,jonson1 ,george ,*apman1 & ,john ,m>/on4 ,james ,i4 suppress$ ! second ,blackfri>s 9 #afjh because its actors satiriz$ him & ! ,fr5* k+4 ,a few mon?s lat]1 ,%akespe>e & 8 associates assum$ ! managem5t ( ! ,blackfri>s & gave p]=mances !re z well z at ! ,globe4 ,^! facts expla9 ,wallace's discov]y t ,%akespe>e at ! "t ( 8 dea? own$ a "o-sev5? int]e/ 9 ! second ,blackfri>s1 a !at] t _h =m]ly be5 a rival to ! ,globe4 ,footnote #ag3 ,dr4 ,fau/us1 ,sc5e #f4 ,footnote #ah3 ,tamburla9e1 ,act ,,ii41 ,sc5e #g4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 ,act ,,iv41 ,sc5e #d4 ,footnote #bj3 ,tradition says t ,%akespe>e occupi$ ! desk 9 ! f>!/ corn]4 ,footnote #ba3 ,gre5e's ,groatswor? ( ,wit1 ,gros>t's edition ( ,gre5e's ,works1 ,vol4 ,,xii41 p4 #add4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! contract price = build+ ! ,=tune ,!at] 0 #ddj4 ,footnote #bc3 ,adapt$ f ,furnivall4 ,footnote #bd3 ,ent]$ "o ye> be=e at ,/ation]s' ,hall4 ,footnote #be3 ,may be look$ on z fairly c]ta94 ,footnote #bf3 ,h5ry ,v41 ,act ,,ii41 ,sc5e #c1 l9e #aj4 ,footnote #bg3 ,bradley's ,%akespe>ean ,trag$y1 p4 #cbg4 ,footnote #bh3 ,! ,tempe/1 ,act ,v41 ,sc5e #a4 ,footnote #bi3 ,ibid41 ,act ,i41 ,sc5e #b4 ,footnote #cj3 ,= a li/ ( books ( selections f ! drama1 see p4 #baf4 ,footnote #ca3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,footnote #cb3 ,= full titles ( books ( dramatic selections1 see ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,,*apt] ,v3 ,,! ,,puritan ,,age1 #afjc-affj ,hi/ory ( ! ,p]iod4--,james ,i4 7#afjc-afbe71 son ( ,m>y ,/u>t1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 & ! fir/ ( ! ,/u>t l9e to reign 9 ,engl&1 succe$$ ,elizabe?4 ,8 /ubbornness & folly n only end$ ! int5se patriotic feel+ ( ! previ\s reign1 b laid ! f\ndation = ! deadly conflict t result$4 ,9 fifty-f\r ye>s aft] ! defeat ( ! ,armada1 ,engl& 0 plung$ into civil w>4 ,! guid+ belief ( ,james ,i4 0 t k+s gov]n$ by div9e "r1 t !y receiv$ f ! ,deity a title ( :i* no "o c\ld lawfully deprive !m1 no matt] h[ outrage\sly !y rul$1 & t !y 7 n 9 any way responsible to ,p>liam5t or to ! p4 ,9 act+ on ?is belief1 he fir/ trampl$ on ! religi\s lib]ty ( 8 subjects4 ,he drove f _! *ur*es hundr$s ( cl]gym5 :o w\ld n take oa? t !y believ$ t ! pray] book ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& agre$ 9 e way ) ! ,bible4 ,he boa/$ t he w\ld h>ry out ( ! k+dom ^? :o w\ld n con=m4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,james ,i4 & t ( 8 son1 ,*>les ,i4 7#afbe-afdi7 a worse rul] on ! same l9es1 ?\s&s ( ,engli%m5 came to ,new ,engl& to enjoy religi\s lib]ty4 ,! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs l&$ at ,plym\? 9 #afbj4 ,! exodus 0 v rapid dur+ ! next tw5ty ye>s1 s9ce ^? :o insi/$ on wor%ip+ ,god z !y *ose 7 ?r[n into prison & sometimes _h _! e>s cut (f & _! noses mutilat$4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! religi\s /ruggle 0 betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 b 9 ?is age bo? ( ! conte/ants 7 ,prote/ant4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 7,episcopal *ur*7 0 p]secut+ ^? :o w\ld n con=m to its beliefs4 ,side by side ) ! religi\s /rife 0 a /ruggle = con/itutional gov]nm5t1 = legal taxes1 = ! "r ( fre$om ( spee* 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i4 bo? collect$ illegal taxes4 ,f9ally1 :5 ,*>les became involv$ 9 w> ) ,spa91 ,p>liam5t =c$ him 9 return = a grant ( money to sign ! ,petition ( ,"r 7#afbh71 :i* 0 9 "s respects a new ,magna ,*>ta4 ,*>les did n keep 8 promises4 ,= elev5 ye>s he rul$ 9 a despotic way )\t ,p>liam5t4 ,9 #afdb civil w> broke out betwe5 ! ,puritans1 on "o side1 & ! k+1 nobles1 l&$ g5try1 & adh]5ts ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 on ! o!r4 ,! ,puritans "u ! great ,oliv] ,cromwell 7 victori\s1 & 9 #afdi !y behead$ ,*>les z a tyrant1 traitor & murd]]4 ,cromwell f9ally became ,protector ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,engl&4 ,! greate/ ,puritan writ]1 ,john ,milton1 n only upheld ! ,commonweal? ) p[]ful argum5tative prose1 b also became ! gov]nm5t's mo/ important secret>y4 ,?\gh 8 bl9dness w\ld n all[ him to write aft] #afeb1 he us$ to translate al\d1 ei!r into ,lat9 or ! language ( ! =eign c\ntry1 :at ,cromwell dictat$ or sugge/$4 ,milton's "u-secret>y1 ,&rew ,m>vel1 wrote d[n ?is translation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cromwell ,,dictat+ ,,to ,,milton ,,dispat*es ,,to ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,france ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,massacre ,,9 ,,pi$mont4#a ,f ! pa9t+ by ,=d ,madox ,br[n4 ,! ,puritans rema9$ 9 ! asc5dancy until #affj1 :5 ! ,/u>t l9e 0 re/or$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! ,puritan ,ideals4--,! ,r5aissance _h at fir/ seem$ to promise ev]y?+1 ! p[] to reveal ! secrets ( ,nature1 to cause h] to gratify man's e wi%1 & to furni% a p]petual f\nta9 ( happy y\?4 ,^! expectations _h n be5 fulfill$4 ,!re 7 /ill pov]ty1 disease1 & a long+ = some?+ t e>? _h n giv54 ,! ,engli%1 naturally a religi\s race1 reflect$ mu* on ?is4 ,^? :o conclud$ t life c\ld nev] yield ! pleasure :i* man anticipates1 :o det]m9es by purity ( liv+ to w9 a p]fect l& beyond ! %ores ( mortality1 :o made ! ,new ,_w ( e>li] dreams a t]m synonym\s ) ! ,new ,j]usalem1 7 call$ ,puritans4 ,_! guide to ?is l& 0 ! ,bible4 ,our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion 7#afaa71 ! "o :i* is 9 mo/ common use to-day1 0 made 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i4 ,f ?is "t became mu* easi] to get a copy ( ! ,scriptures1 & _! influ5ce 0 n[ m pot5t ?an ev] to %ape ! ideals ( ! ,puritans4 ,9 fact1 x is impossible to e/imate ! influ5ce :i* ?is ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion has _h on ! ideals & ! lit]ature ( ! ,engli% race4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is ,v]sion1 curr5t ,engli% spee* & lit]ature w\ld be va/ly diff]5t4 ,su* words & expressions z scapegoat1 a labor ( love1 ! elev5? h\r1 to ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e1 & a h[l+ wild]ness are 9 con/ant use because ! language ( ?is translation ( ! ,bible has become incorporat$ 9 our daily spee*1 z well z 9 our be/ lit]ature4 ,! ,puritan 0 s call$ because he wi%$ to purify ! e/abli%$ *ur* f :at seem$ to him great abuses4 ,he accept$ ! fai? ( ,john ,calv91 :o di$ 9 #aefd4 ,calv9ism taught t no e>?ly p[] %\ld int]v5e betwe5 a human s\l & ,god1 t life 0 an individual moral /ruggle1 ! outcome ( :i* w\ld l& ! s\l 9 heav5 or hell = all et]nity1 t beauty & art & all ! pleasures ( ! fle% 7 dang]\s because !y t5d$ to wean ! s\l f ,god4 ,! ,puritan 0 an individuali/4 ,! sav+ ( ! s\l 0 to him an individual1 n a social1 affair4 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim flees alone f ! wra? to come4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury1 on ! o!r h&1 believes t ! reg5]ation ( a human be+ is bo? a social & an individual affair1--t ! individual1 surr\nd$ by ! =ces ( evil1 (t5 has little opportunity unless society comes to 8 aid4 ,! individualism ( ! ,puritan accompli%$ a great task 9 prep>+ ! way = democracy1 = full] lib]ty 9 *ur* & /ate1 9 bo? ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,our /udy ( ! ,puritan ideals embodi$ 9 lit]ature takes u beyond #affj1 ! date ( ! ,re/oration1 because aft] t "t two great ,puritan writ]s1 ,john ,milton & ,john ,bunyan1 did "s ( _! mo/ fam\s "w1 ! "o 9 retirem5t1 ! o!r 9 jail4 ,su* "w1 un9flu5c$ by ! *ange ( ideal aft] ! ,re/oration1 is prop]ly treat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,:ile a *ange may 9 a giv5 ye> seem suffici5tly pron\nc$ to become ! basis = a new classification1 we %\ld rememb] ! lit]>y influ5ces nev] beg9 or end ) complete abruptness4 ,,! ,,prose ,,( ,,! ,,puritan ,,age ,v>iety ( ,subject4--,prose %[$ developm5t 9 sev]al directions dur+ ?is ,puritan age3-- ,i4 ,! use ( prose 9 argum5t & controv]sy 0 l>gely ext5d$4 ,que/ions ( gov]nm5t & ( religion 7 ! liv+ issues ( ! "t4 ,innum]able pamphlets & _m l>g] books 7 writt5 to pres5t diff]5t views4 ,we may in/ance z types ( ?is class almo/ all ! prose writ+s ( ,john ,milton 7#afjh-afgd74 ,,ii4 ,engli% prose dealt ) a great] v>iety ( philosophical subjects4 ,%akespe>e _h voic$ ! deepe/ philosophy 9 poetry1 b up to ?is "t su* subjects _h f\nd scant expression 9 prose4 ,?omas ,hobbes 7#aehh-afgi7 is ! great philosophical writ] ( ! age4 ,9 8 greate/ "w1 ,levia?an2 or1 ,! ,matt]1 ,=m1 & ,p[] ( a ,commonweal?1 he consid]s que/ions ( metaphysical philosophy & ( gov]nm5t 9 a way t places him on ! roll ( fam\s ,engli% philosoph]s4 ,,iii4 ,hi/ory _h an increas+ fasc9ation = prose writ]s4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh's ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w 7#afad7 & ,"l ,cl>5don's ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,rebellion1 begun 9 #afdf1 are specially wor?y ( m5tion4 ,,iv4 ,prose 0 develop+ its capacity = express+ delicate %ades ( humor4 ,9 ,*auc] & 9 ,%akespe>e1 poetry _h already excell$ 9 ?is respect4 ,?omas ,full] 7#afjh-affa71 an ,episcopal cl]gyman1 displays an almo/ inexhau/ible fund ( humor 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,wor?ies ( ,engl&4 ,we f9d scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 works passages l ^!3-- ,a fa!r t :ipp$ 8 son = swe>+1 & swore at him :ile he :ipp$ him1 did m h>m by 8 example ?an good by 8 correction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,full]4 ,speak+ ( a pi\s %ort p]son1 ,full] says3-- ,8 s\l _h b a %ort diocese to visit1 & !re=e might ! bett] att5d ! effectual in=m+ !re(4 ,( ! l>k1 he writes3-- ,a h>mless bird :ile liv+1 n trespass+ on gra91 & :olesome :5 dead1 !n fill+ ! /oma* ) meat1 z =m]ly ! e> ) music4 ,be=e ,full]1 humor 0 r>e 9 ,engli% prose writ]s1 & x 0 n common until ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! next c5tury4 ,v4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne 7#afje-afhb71 an ,ox=d graduate & physician1 is be/ kn[n z ! au?or ( ?ree prose works3 ,religio ,m$ici 7,religion ( a ,physician1 #afdb71 ,vulg> ,errors 7#afdf71 & ,hydriotaphia or ,urn ,burial 7#afeh74 ,9 imag9ation & poetic feel+1 he has "s k9%ip ) ! ,elizabe?ans4 ,he says 9 ! ,religio ,m$ici3-- ,n[ = my life1 x is a miracle ( ?irty ye>s1 :i* to relate 7 n a hi/ory b a piece ( poetry1 & w\ld s\nd to common e>s l a fable444 ,m5 t look ^u my outside1 p]us+ only my condition & =tunes1 d err 9 my altitude2 = ,i am above ,atlas's %\ld]s444 ,!re is surely a piece ( div9ity 9 u--some?+ t 0 be=e ! elem5ts & owes no homage unto ! sun4 ,! ,religio ,m$ici1 h[ev]1 gives1 n ! ,elizabe?an1 b ! ,puritan1 def9ition ( ! _w z a place n to live 9 b to die 94 ,urn ,burial1 :i* is ,br[ne's ma/]piece1 %[s 8 p[] z a prose poet ( ! inevitable h\r3-- ,!re is no antidote aga9/ ! opium ( "t444 ,! great] "p mu/ be cont5t to be z ?\gh !y _h n be51 to be f\nd 9 ! regi/] ( ,god1 n 9 ! record ( man444 ,b man is a ,noble ,animal1 spl5did 9 a%es1 & pomp\s 9 ! grave1 solemniz+ nativities & dea?s ) equal lu/]1 n omitt+ c]emonies ( brav]y1 9 ! infamy ( 8 nature4 ,br[ne's prose frequ5tly suff]s f ! infusion ( too _m words d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 b 8 /yle is rhy?mical & /ately & (t5 conveys ! same emotion z ! notes ( a great ca!dral organ at ! ev5+ twilight h\r4 ,,vi4 ,! ,complete ,angl] ( ,izaak ,walton 7#aeic-afhc7 is s fill$ ) sweetness & calm delight 9 nature & life1 t "o does n wond] t ! book has pass$ ?r\gh ab\t two hundr$ editions4 ,x manife/s a g5u9e love ( nature1 ( ! brooks1 mead[s1 fl[]s4 ,9 8 pages we cat* ! odor f ! h$ges gay ) wild fl[]s & he> ! ra9 fall+ s(tly on ! gre5 leaves3-- ,b turn out ( ! way a little1 good s*ol>1 t[>ds yond] high honeysuckle h$ge2 !re we'll sit & s+1 :il/ ?is %[] falls s g5tly on ! teem+ e>?1 & gives yet a sweet] smell to ! lovely fl[]s t adorn ^! v]dant mead[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,izaak ,,walton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,j]emy ,,taylor4 ,,vii4 ,( ! _m au?ors busily writ+ on !ology1 ,j]emy ,taylor 7#afac-affg71 an ,episcopal cl]gyman1 holds ! *ief place4 ,8 imag9ation 0 s wide & 8 p5 s facile t he has be5 call$ a sev5te5?-c5tury prose ,%akespe>e4 ,taylor's ,holy ,liv+ & ,holy ,dy+ us$ to be read 9 almo/ e cottage4 ,?is passage %[s 8 p[]s ( imag]y z well z ! ,teutonic incl9ation to consid] ! f9al goal ( y\? & beauty3-- ,reckon b f ! sprightfulness ( y\?1 & ! fair *eeks & full eyes ( *ildhood1 f ! vigor\sness & /rong texture ( ! jo9ts ( five-&-tw5ty1 to ! holl[ness & dead pal5ess1 to ! loa?som5ess & horror ( a ?ree days' burial1 & we %all p]ceive ! di/ance to be v great & v /range4 ,b s h ,i se5 a rose newly spr++ f ! clefts ( its hood1 & at fir/ x 0 fair z morn+1 & full ) ! dew ( heav5 z a lamb's fleece 444 & at night1 hav+ lo/ "s ( its leaves & all its beauty1 x fell into ! portion ( we$s & outworn faces4 ,,john ,,bunyan1 #afbh-afhh ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,bunyan4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sadl]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,! ,b$=d%ire village ( ,el/[ saw 9 #afbh ! bir? ( ,john ,bunyan :o1 9 8 own peculi> field ( lit]ature1 0 to lead ! _w4 ,8 fa!r1 ,?omas ,bunyan1 0 a brazi]1 a m5d] ( pots & pans1 & he re>$ 8 son ,john to ! same trade4 ,9 8 autobiography1 ,john ,bunyan says t 8 fa!r's h\se 0 ( t rank t is meane/ & mo/ despis$ ( all ! families 9 ! l&4 ,! boy w5t to s*ool = only a %ort "t & le>n$ b little f any books except ! ,bible4 ,! fa!r1 by m>ry+ a second "t )9 a ye> aft] 8 wife's dea?1 w\nd$ ! feel+s ( 8 sixte5-ye>-old son suffici5tly to cause ! latt] to enli/ z a soldi] 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,at ab\t ! age ( tw5ty1 ,bunyan m>ri$1 ?\gh nei!r he nor 8 wife _h at ! "t s mu* z a di% or a spoon4 ,bunyan tells u t 9 8 y\? he 0 v wick$4 ,probably he w\ld h be5 s reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( a /rict ,puritan4 ,8 wor/ (f5ses1 h[ev]1 seem to h be5 danc+ on ! village gre51 play+ hockey on ,sundays1 r++ bells to r\se ! neighborhood1 & swe>+4 ,:5 he rep5t$1 8 vivid imag9ation made him ?9k t he _h committ$ ! unp>donable s94 ,9 ! t]ror t he felt at ! prospect ( ! loss ( 8 s\l1 he pass$ ?r\gh mu* ( ! exp]i5ce t enabl$ him to write ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,bunyan became a prea*] ( ,god's ^w4 ,"u trees1 9 b>ns1 on ! village gre51 :]ev] p resort$1 he told !m ! /ory ( salvation4 ,)9 six mon?s aft] ! ,re/oration1 he 0 arre/$ = prea*+ )\t ,episcopal sanction4 ,! (fic]s took him away f 8 little bl9d daught]4 ,! roi/]]s ( ! ,re/oration ?\ght a brazi] 0 too co>se to h feel+s2 yet ,bunyan dropp$ te>s on ! pap] :5 he wrote ( ! _m h>d%ips1 mis]ies1 & wants t my poor family 7 l to meet )1 %\ld ,i be tak5 f !m1 especially my poor bl9d *ild1 :o lay ne>] to my he>t ?an all besides4 ,oh1 ! ?\ghts ( ! h>d%ip my poor bl9d "o might und]go1 w\ld break my he>t to pieces4 ,9 spite ( 8 dep5d5t family & ! natural "r ( ! fre$om ( spee*1 ,bunyan 0 ?ru/ into ,b$=d jail & kept a prison] = ne>ly twelve ye>s4 ,_h x n be5 = 8 imprisonm5t 9 ?is squalid d51 ( :i* he speaks 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 we %\ld probably be )\t t fam\s "w1 a "p ( :i*1 at lea/1 0 writt5 9 ! jail4 ,9 #afgb1 z a /ep t[>d re/or+ ! ,ca?olic religion1 ,*>les ,,ii4 susp5d$ all p5al /atutes aga9/ ! diss5t+ cl]gy2 ,bunyan 0 !reupon releas$ f jail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$=d ,,bridge1 ,,%[+ ,,gates ,,& ,,jail4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,aft] 8 release1 he settl$ d[n to 8 life's "w ( spread+ ! ,gospel by bo? p5 & tongue4 ,:5 he visit$ ,london to prea*1 x 0 n uncommon = twelve hundr$ p]sons to come to he> him at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ ( a week day 9 w9t]4 ,! imm$iate cause ( 8 dea? 0 a cold caught by rid+ 9 ! ra91 on 8 way to try to reconcile a fa!r & son4 ,9 #afhh ,bunyan di$ z he utt]$ ^! words1 ,take me1 = ,i come to ,!e4 ,8 ,"w4--,bunyan a*iev$ ! di/9ction ( writ+ ! greate/ ( all allegories1 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,?is is ! /ory ( ,*ri/ian's j\rney ?r\gh ?is life1 ! /ory ( meet+ ,mr4 ,worldly ,wiseman1 ( ! /raight gate & ! n>r[ pa?1 ( ! ,delectable ,m\nta9s ( ,y\?1 ( ! valley ( ,humiliation1 ( ! enc\nt] ) ,apollyon1 ( ! w>es ( ,vanity ,fair1 kept all ! ye> long1 ( my "l ,"t-s]v]1 ( ,mr4 ,any?+1 ( imprisonm5t 9 ,d\bt+ ,ca/le by ,giant ,despair1 ( ! fl[]y l& ( ,beulah1 ly+ beyond ! valley ( ! ,%ad[ ( ,dea?1 ?r\gh :i* a deep1 cold riv] runs1 & ( ! city ( ,all ,delight on ! o!r side4 ,?is /ory /ill has absorb+ int]e/ = human be+s1 = ! *ild & ! old man1 ! le>n$ & ! ignorant4 ,bunyan wrote _m o!r works1 b none ( !m equals ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,8 ,holy ,w> is a p[]ful allegory1 :i* has be5 call$ a prose ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,bunyan also produc$ a /rong piece ( reali/ic fiction1 ! ,life & ,dea? ( ,mr4 ,badman4 ,?is %[s ! desc5t ( a s\l along ! broad road4 ,! /ory is ! c\nt]p>t ( 8 great ma/]piece1 & ranks second to x 9 po9t ( m]it4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bunyan',s ,,dream4 ,f ,f\r? ,edition ,pilgrim's ,progress1 #afhj4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,s9ce ! ,pilgrim's ,progress has be5 m widely read 9 ,engl& ?an any o!r book except ! ,bible1 x is well to inve/igate ! secret ( ,bunyan's p[]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 8 /yle is simple4 ,9 ! second place1 r>e e>ne/ness is c\pl$ ) ?is simplicity4 ,he _h some?+ to say1 :i* 9 8 inmo/ s\l he felt to be ( supreme importance = all "t4 ,only a great man c tell su* tru?s )\t a fl\ri% ( language1 or )\t /ra9+ aft] effect4 ,at ! mo/ critical "p ( ! j\rney ( ! ,pilgrims1 :5 !y approa* ! riv] ( dea?1 note t ,bunyan avoids ! t5d5cy to indulge 9 f9e writ+1 t he is cont5t to rely on ! p[] ( ! subject matt]1 simply pres5t$1 to make u feel ! t]rible ordeal3-- ,n[ ,i fur!r saw t betwixt !m & ! gate 0 a riv]2 b !re 0 no bridge to g ov]1 & ! riv] 0 v deep444 ,! ,pilgrims !n1 especially ,*ri/ian1 began to despond 9 _! m9ds1 & look$ ?is way & t1 b no way c\ld be f\nd by !m by :i* !y might escape ! riv]444 ,!y !n address$ !mselves to ! wat]1 & ent]+1 ,*ri/ian began to s9k444 ,& ) t1 a great d>kness & horror fell ^u ,*ri/ian1 s t he c\ld n see be=e him444 ,n[1 ^u ! bank ( ! riv]1 on ! o!r side1 !y saw ! two %9+ m5 aga91 :o !re wait$ = !m444 ,n[ y mu/ note t ! city /ood ^u a mighty hill2 b ! ,pilgrims w5t up t hill ) ease1 because !y _h ^! two m5 to lead !m up by ! arms2 !y _h likewise left _! mortal g>m5ts beh9d !m 9 ! riv]2 = ?\gh !y w5t 9 ) !m1 !y came out )\t !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,badman's brok5 leg put *eck ,to ,badman's c\rse ( evil1 ,le/1 next "t1 ,badman breaks 8 neck1 ,& s goes to ! devil4 ,,woodcut ,,f ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,( ,,mr4 ,,badman ,( all ! words 9 ! above selection1 eighty p] c5t are monosyllables4 ,few au?ors c\ld h resi/$ ! t5d5cy to try to be impressive at su* a climax4 ,"o has m respect = ?is _w1 on le>n+ t x has set ! seal ( its approval on su* e>ne/ simplicity & has neglect$ works t /rive ) e art to attract att5tion4 ,bunyan fur!rmore has a r>e comb9ation ( imag9ation & dramatic p[]4 ,8 ab/ractions became liv+ p]sons4 ,!y h w>m] blood c\rs+ 9 _! ve9s ?an _m ( ! m5 & wom5 9 mod]n fiction4 ,giant ,despair is a liv+ giant4 ,we c he> ! clank+ ( ! *a9s & ! groans ( ! captives 9 8 dungeon4 ,we are n surpris$ to le>n t ,bunyan imag9$ t he saw & conv]s$ ) ^! *>act]s4 ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress is a prose drama4 ,note ! vivid dramatic pres5tation ( ! t5d5cy to evil1 :i* we all h at "s "t felt ?reat5+ to wreck our nobl] selves3-- ,!n ,apollyon /raddl$ q ov] ! :ole bread? ( ! way1 & said1 ',i am void ( fe> 9 ?is matt]2 prep>e ?yself to die2 = ,i swe> by my inf]nal d5 t ?\ %all g no fur!r2 "h w ,i spill ?y s\l4' ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d ,engli% prose m simple1 e>ne/1 /rong1 imag9ative1 & dramatic ?an ?is4 ,bunyan's /yle felt ! %ap+ influ5ce ( ! ,bible m ?an ( all o!r works comb9$4 ,he knew ! ,scriptures almo/ by he>t4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,! ,,puritan ,,age ,lyrical ,v]se4--,! second qu>t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury witness$ an outbur/ ( song t ow$ its inspiration to ,elizabe?an lyrical v]se4 ,soon aft] #afjj a *ange 9 lyric poetry is noticeable4 ,! sonnet fell into disfavor ) ! majority ( lyri/s4 ,! two poets ( greate/ influ5ce ov] ?is p]iod1 ,b5 ,jonson & ,john ,donne1 oppos$ ! sonnet4 ,b5 ,jonson compla9$ t x compels all ideas1 irrespective ( _! wor?1 to fill a space ( exactly f\rte5 l9es1 & t x !re=e op]ates on ! same pr9ciple z ! b$ ( ,procru/es4 ,! lyrics ( ?is p]iod1 ) ! exception ( ^? by ,milton1 7 usually less ideali/ic1 e!real1 & inspir$ ?an ! correspond+ "w ( ! ,elizabe?ans4 ,?is age 0 f> m imitative1 b x *ose to imitate ,jonson & ,donne 9 pref]5ce to ,%akespe>e4 ,! greate/ lyrical poet ( ?is "t ?us addresses ,jonson z a patron sa9t3-- ,c&les ,i'll give to !e1 ,& a new alt>2 ,& ?\1 ,sa9t ,b51 %all be ,writ 9 my psalt]4#b ,cavali] ,poets4--,rob]t ,h]rick 7#aeia-afgd71 ,?omas ,c>ew 7#aeih8-afci871 ,sir ,john ,suckl+ 7#afji-afdb71 & ,ri*>d ,lovelace 7#afah--afeh7 7 a contempor>y gr\p ( lyri/s :o are (t5 call$ ,cavali] poets1 because !y sympa?iz$ ) ! ,cavali]s or adh]5ts ( ,*>les ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,h]rick4 ,by f> ! greate/ ( ?is s*ool is ,rob]t ,h]rick1 :o /&s 9 ! front rank ( ! second class ( lyrical poets4 ,he 0 a graduate ( ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 :o by an accid5t ( ! "t became a cl]gyman4 ,! p>i%1 or liv+1 giv5 him by ! k+1 0 9 ! s\?we/]n "p ( ,devon%ire4 ,by affix+ ! title ,hesp]ides to 8 volume ( ne>ly ?irte5 hundr$ poems1 ,h]rick d\btless meant to imply t !y 7 *iefly compos$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,engl&4 ,9 ! v fir/ poem ( ?is collection1 he ann\nces ! subject ( 8 songs3-- ,i s+ ( brooks1 ( blossoms1 birds1 & b[]s2 ,( ,april1 ,may1 ( ,june1 & ,july fl[]s4 ,i s+ ( ,may-poles1 hock-c>ts1 wassails1 wakes2 ,( bridegrooms1 brides1 & ( _! bridal cakes 99 99 99 99 99 ,i write ( groves1 ( twilights1 & ,i s+ ,! c\rt ( ,mab1 & ( ! ,fairie-k+4 ,i write ( hell2 ,i s+ & ev] %all1 ,( heav51 & hope to h x aft] all4 ,8 lyric range 0 z broad z ^! l9es indicate4 ,! mo/ ( 8 poems %[ ! lightness ( t\* & arti/ic =m reveal$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es f ,to ! ,virg9s3-- ,ga!r ye rose-buds :ile ye may3 ,old ,"t is /ill a-fly+2 ,& ?is same fl[] t smiles to-day1 ,to-morr[ w be dy+4 ,8 facility 9 melodi\s poetic expression is evid5t 9 ?is /anza f ,! ,litany1 "o ( ! poems 9 ,noble ,numb]s1 z ! collection ( 8 religi\s v]se is call$3-- ,:5 ! pass+-bell do? toll ,& ! furies 9 a %oal ,come to fright a p>t+ s\l1 ,sweet ,_s1 com=t me4 ,! lyric1 ,disda9 ,return$1 ( ! c\rti]1 ,?omas ,c>ew1 %[s bo? a cu/om>y type ( subject & ! s]i\s application (t5 giv53-- ,he t loves a rosy *eek1 ,or a coral lip admires1 ,or f />like eyes do? seek ,fuel to ma9ta9 8 fires1 ,z old "t makes ^! decay1 ,s 8 flames mu/ wa/e away4 ,c>ew c\ld write ) facility on ! subjects 9 vogue at c\rt1 b :5 he v5tures afield 9 nature poetry1 he makes ! cuckoo hib]nate6 ,9 8 poem ,! ,spr+1 he says3-- 444wakes 9 holl[ tree ,! dr[sy ,cuckoo & ! ,humble-bee4 ,9 ^! l9es f 8 poem ,con/ancy1 ,sir ,john ,suckl+ %[s t he is a typical ,cavali] love poet3-- ,out ^u x1 ,i h lov$ ,?ree :ole days toge!r2 ,& am l to love ?ree m1 ,if x prove fair wea!r4 ,f ,ri*>d ,lovelace we h ^! exquisite l9es writt5 9 prison3-- ,/one walls d n a prison make ,nor iron b>s a cage2 ,m9ds innoc5t & quiet take ,t = an h]mitage4 ,to *>act]ize ! ,cavali] s*ool by "o phrase1 we might call !m lyrical poets 9 light] ve94 ,!y usually wrote on su* subjects z ! color 9 a maid5's *eek & lips1 blossoms1 mead[s1 ,may days1 bridal cakes1 ! pal5ess ( a lov]1 &-- 444wassail b[ls to dr9k1 ,spic$ to ! br9k4 b sometimes weighti] subjects 7 *os51 :5 ^! light] ?+s fail$ to satisfy4 ,religi\s ,v]se4--,?ree lyrical poets1 ,george ,h]b]t 7#aeic-afcc71 ,h5ry ,vaughan 7#afbb-afie71 & ,ri*>d ,cra%aw 7#afab8-afej871 usually *ose religi\s subjects4 ,george ,h]b]t1 a ,cambridge graduate & rector ( ,bem]ton1 ne> ,salisbury1 wrote ,! ,temple1 a book ( religi\s v]se4 ,8 be/ kn[n poem is ,virtue3-- ,sweet day1 s cool1 s calm1 s bright1 ,! bridal ( ! e>? & sky3 ,! dew %all weep ! fall to night2 ,= ?\ mu/ die4 ,! s5tim5t 9 ^! l9es f 8 lyric ,provid5ce has ! g5u9e ,anglo-,saxon r+3-- ,h>d ?+s are glori\s2 easy ?+s good *eap4 ,! common all m5 h2 t :i* is r>e1 ,m5 !re=e seek to h1 & c>e to keep4 ,h5ry ,vaughan1 an ,ox=d graduate & ,wel% physician1 %[s ! influ5ce ( ,george ,h]b]t4 ,vaughan w\ld h be5 a great poet if he c\ld h ma9ta9$ ! elevation ( ^! op5+ l9es f ,! ,_w3-- ,i saw ,et]nity ! o!r night1 ,l a great r+ ( pure & endless light1 ,all calm1 z x 0 bright4 ,ri*>d ,cra%aw1 a ,cambridge graduate & ,ca?olic my/ic1 concludes 8 poem1 ,! ,flam+ ,he>t1 ) ?is t\*+ pray] to ,sa9t ,t]esa3-- ,by all ( ,him we h 9 !e ,leave no?+ ( myself 9 me4 ,let me s read my life t ,i ,unto all life ( m9e may die4 ,8 v]se1 l t ( 8 contempor>ies1 is (t5 m>r$ by fanta/ic conceits :i* %[ ! influ5ce ( ,donne4 ,al?\gh mu* ( ,cra%aw's poem1 ,! ,weep]1 is beautiful1 he calls ! eyes ( ,m>y ,magdal5e3-- ,two walk+ ba?s1 two weep+ motions1 ,portable & comp5di\s oceans4 ,,john ,,milton1 #afjh-afgd ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,milton4 ,aft] a draw+ by ,w4 ,fai?orne1 at ,bay=dbury4 ,8 ,y\?4--,! second greate/ ,engli% poet 0 born 9 ,london1 eight ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,%akespe>e4 ,john ,milton's fa!r foll[$ ! bus9ess ( a scriv5] & drew wills & de$s & inve/$ money = cli5ts4 ,z he prosp]$ at ?is call+1 8 family did n suff] = want ( money4 ,he 0 a man ( mu* culture & a musical compos] ( consid]able note4 ,a portrait ( ! *ild at ! age ( t51 ! "w ( ! pa9t] to ! c\rt1 /ill exi/s & %[s him to h be5 a sweet1 s]i\s1 r\nd-head$ boy1 :o gave e>ly promise ( future greatness4 ,8 p>5ts1 see+ t he act$ z if he 0 guid$ by high ideals1 _h ! r>e judgm5t to all[ him to foll[ 8 own b5t4 ,!y employ$ ! be/ tea*]s to in/ruct him at home4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he 0 fully prep>$ to ent] ,*ri/'s ,college4 ,cambridge1 :]e he took bo? ! ,b4,a4 & ,m4,a4 degrees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,milton1 ,,aet4 #aj4 ,8 ,e>ly ,manhood & ,life at ,horton4--,9 #afcb ,milton left ,cambridge & w5t to live ) 8 fa!r 9 a c\ntry home at ,horton1 ab\t tw5ty miles we/ ( ,london4 ,milton _h be5 int5d$ = ! *ur*2 b he felt t he c\ld n subscribe to its intol]ance1 & t he _h ano!r mission to p]=m4 ,8 fa!r accord+ly provid$ suffici5t funds = ma9ta9+ him = ov] five ye>s at ,horton 9 a life ( /udi\s leisure4 ,! poet's greate/ biograph]1 ,david ,masson1 says ,until ,milton 0 ?irty-two ye>s ( age1 if ev5 !n1 he did n e>n a p5ny = himself4 ,su* a c\rse w\ld ru9 n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ tal5t$ "y m52 b x 0 ! mak+ ( ,milton4 ,he sp5t ^? ye>s 9 c>eful /udy & 9 writ+ 8 immortal e>ly poems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,visit ,,( ,,milton ,,to ,,! ,,bl9d ,,galileo ,,at ,,! ,,villa ,d',,arcetri ,,ne> ,,flor5ce ,,9 #afch4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,t4 ,lessi4 ,9 #afch1 :5 he 0 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 he det]m9$ to broad5 8 views by travel4 ,he w5t to ,italy1 :i* ! ,engli%m5 ( 8 day /ill reg>d$ z ! home ( art1 culture1 & song4 ,aft] ab\t fifte5 mon?s abroad1 he>+ t 8 c\ntrym5 7 on ! v]ge ( civil w>1 he return$ home to play 8 "p 9 ! mighty trag$y ( ! times4 ,milton's ,left ,h&4--,9 #afdb ! ,civil ,w> broke out betwe5 ! ,royali/s & ! ,puritans4 ,he took sides 9 ! /ruggle = lib]ty1 n ) 8 sword1 b ) 8 p54 ,dur+ ?is "t he wrote little b prose4 ,he regrett$ t ! necessity ( ! "t dem&$ prose1 9 ! writ+ ( :i*1 he says1 ,i h ! use1 z ,i may acc\nt x1 b ( my left h&4 ,) t left h& he wrote mu* prose4 ,!re is "o common quality runn+ ?r\gh all 8 prose works1 al?\gh !y treat ( ! mo/ v>i$ subjects4 ,e "o ( ^! works /rikes a bl[ = full] lib]ty 9 "s direction1--= m lib]ty 9 *ur*1 9 /ate1 & 9 home relations1 = ! fre$om ( express+ op9ions1 & = a sy/em ( education :i* %\ld break away f ! lead+ /r+s ( ! inf]ior me?ods ( ! pa/4 ,8 greate/ prose "w is ! ,areopagitica3 ,a ,spee* = ! ,lib]ty ( ,unlic5s$ ,pr9t+4 ,mu* ( 8 prose is poetic & adorn$ ) figures ( rhetoric4 ,he frequ5tly foll[s ! ,lat9 ord]1 & inv]ts 8 s5t5ces1 :i* are (t5 unreasonably long4 ,sometimes 8 left h& a/oni%es u by sl9k+ mud at 8 oppon5ts1 & we eag]ly await ! loos+ ( ! "r h& :i* 0 to give u ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,8 ,bl9dness4--,! ,engli% gov]nm5t f #afdi to #affj is kn[n z ! ,commonweal?4 ,! two mo/ /rik+ figures ( ! "t 7 ,oliv] ,cromwell1 :o 9 #afec 0 /yl$ ! ,"l ,protector1 & ,john ,milton1 :o 0 ! ,secret>y = ,=eign ,tongues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,milton',s ,,signature ,,9 ,,! ,,elev5? ,,ye> ,,( ,,8 ,,bl9dness4,f 8 application to w$ ,elizabe? ,m9%ull4 ,feb4 #aa1 #affc4 ,"o ( ! greate/ ( ,european s*ol>s1 a pr(essor at ,leyd51 nam$ ,salmasius1 _h writt5 a book attack+ ! ,commonweal? & uphold+ ! late k+4 ,! ,c\ncil reque/$ ,milton to write a fitt+ answ]4 ,z 8 eyes 7 already fail+ him1 he 0 w>n$ to re/ !m2 b he said t he w\ld will+ly sacrifice 8 eyesight on ! alt> ( lib]ty4 ,he accord+ly wrote 9 reply 8 ,pro ,populo ,anglicano ,def5sio1 a ,lat9 "w1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afea4 ,?is ef=t co/ him 8 eyesight4 ,9 #afeb1 at ! age ( =ty-?ree1 he 0 totally bl9d4 ,9 8 ,p>adise ,lo/1 he ?us alludes to 8 affliction3-- ,?us ) ! ye> ,seasons return2 b n to me returns ,day1 or ! sweet approa* ( ev5 or morn1 ,or sight ( v]nal bloom or summ]'s rose1 ,or flocks1 or h]ds1 or human face div9e2 ,b cl\ds in/ead & ev]-dur+ d>k ,surr\nds me1 f ! *e]ful ways ( m5 ,cut (f4 ,life aft] ! ,re/oration4--,9 #affj1 :5 ,*>les ,,ii4 0 made k+1 ! lead]s ( ! ,commonweal? _h to flee = _! lives4 ,"s w5t to ,am]ica = safety :ile o!rs 7 caught & execut$4 ,! body ( ,cromwell 0 tak5 f its grave 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 susp5d$ f ! gall[s & left to dangle !re4 ,milton 0 conceal$ by a fri5d until ! wor/ ( ! /orm _h bl[n ov]4 ,!n "s influ5tial fri5ds int]c$$ = him1 & 8 bl9dness probably won him sympa?y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comus ,,title ,,page4 ,dur+ 8 old age 8 lit]>y "w 0 l>gely dep5d5t on ! k9dness ( fri5ds1 :o read to him1 & act$ z 8 amanu5ses4 ,8 ideas ( woman hav+ be5 =m$ 9 ! light ( ! old disp5sation1 he _h n giv5 8 ?ree daught]s su* an education z might h l$ !m to take a sympa!tic int]e/ 9 8 "w4 ,!y accord+ly res5t$ 8 call+ on !m = help4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( 8 life1 :5 he 0 totally bl9d1 he wrote ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 & ,samson ,agoni/es4 ,he di$ 9 #afgd1 & 0 buri$ beside 8 fa!r 9 ! *ancel ( ,/4 ,giles1 ,cripplegate1 ,london4 ,m9or ,poems4--,9 #afbi1 :ile ,milton 0 a /ud5t at ,cambridge1 & only tw5ty-"o ye>s old1 he wrote a f9e lyrical poem1 entitl$ ,on ! ,morn+ ( ,*ri/'s ,nativity4 ,^! #bdd l9es ( v]se %[ t he did n ne$ to be taught ! melody ( song any m ?an a "y night+ale4 ,f\r rem>kable poems 7 writt5 dur+ 8 ye>s ( /udi\s leisure at ,horton1--,l',allegro1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ,comus1 & ,lycidas4 ,l',allegro describes ! *>ms ( a m]ry social life1 & ,il ,p5s]oso voices ! quiet b deep enjoym5t ( ! s*ol> 9 retirem5t4 ,^! two poems h be5 univ]sal fav\rites4 ,comus is a species ( dramatic composition kn[n z a ,masque1 & x is ! greate/ ( its class4 ,x f> surpassess any "w ( a simil> k9d by ,b5 ,jonson1 t prolific writ] ( ,masques4 ,"s critics1 l ,ta9e & ,sa9tsbury1 consid] ,comus ! f9e/ ( ,milton's productions4 ,its #ajbc l9es c soon be read2 & !re are few poems ( equal l5g? t w bett] repay c>eful read+4 ,comus is an immortal apo!osis ( virtue4 ,:ile 9 ,g5eva 9 #afci1 ,milton 0 ask$ = 8 autograph & an expression ( s5tim5t4 ,he *ose ! clos+ l9es ( ,comus3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,milton',s ,,motto ,,f ,,comus1 ,,) ,,autograph4 ,writt5 9 an album at ,g5eva4 ,lycidas1 "o ( ! _w's great elegies1 0 writt5 on ! dea? ( ,milton's classmate1 ,edw>d ,k+4 ,m>k ,pattison1 "o ( ,milton's biograph]s1 says3 ,9 ,lycidas we h rea*$ ! high-wat] m>k ( ,engli% poesy & ( ,milton's own production4 ,he is "o ( ! f\r greate/ ,engli% sonnet writ]s4 ,%akespe>e alone surpasses him 9 ?is field4 ,milton numb]s among 8 pupils ,wordswor? & ,keats1 ^: sonnets rank next 9 m]it4 ,p>adise ,lo/2 ,its ,inception & ,dramatic ,plan4--,cambridge ,univ]sity has a li/1 writt5 by ,milton be=e he 0 ?irty-five1 ( ab\t "o hundr$ possible subjects = ! great poem :i* he felt x 0 8 life's mission to give to ! _w4 ,he once ?\ght ( select+ ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table2 b 8 f9al *oice 0 ,p>adise ,lo/1 :i* /&s fir/ on ?is special li/4 ,!re are 9 addition f\r sep>ate drafts ( ! way 9 :i* he ?\ght ?is subject %\ld be treat$4 ,?is proves t ! great "w ( a man l2 ,milton 0 plann$ :ile he 0 "y4 ,x is possible t he may ev5 h writt5 a v small "p ( ! poem e>li] ?an ! "t commonly assign$4 ,all f\r drafts %[ t 8 e>ly int5tion 0 to make ! poem a drama1 a gigantic ,miracle play4 ,! clos+ ( ! !at]s & ! prejudice felt aga9/ !m dur+ ! days ( ,puritan asc5dancy may h influ5c$ ,milton to =sake ! dramatic = ! epic =m1 b he seems nev] to h %>$ ! common prejudice aga9/ ! drama & ! /age4 ,8 sonnet on ,%akespe>e %[s 9 :at e/imation he held t dramati/4 ,subject ,matt] & ,=m4--,ab\t #afeh1 :5 ,milton 0 a wid[]1 liv+ alone ) 8 ?ree daught]s1 he began1 9 total bl9dness1 to dictate 8 ,p>adise ,lo/1 sometimes rely+ on !m b m (t5 on any k9d fri5d :o might assi/ him4 ,! manuscript accord+ly %[s a v>iety ( h&writ+4 ,! "w 0 publi%$ 9 #affg1 aft] "s tr\ble ) a n>r[-m9d$ c5sor :o _h d\bts ab\t grant+ a lic5se4 ,! subject matt] c be be/ giv5 9 ,milton's own l9es at ! beg9n+ ( ! poem3-- ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e ,br\ght dea? into ! ,_w1 & all our woe1 ,) loss ( ,ed51 till "o great] ,man ,re/ore u1 & rega9 ! blissful seat1 ,s+1 ,heav5ly ,muse444 ,! poem treats ( ,satan's revolt 9 heav51 ( 8 conflict ) ! ,almighty1 & bani%m5t ) all ! rebelli\s angels4 ,_! new home 9 ! l& ( fire & endless pa9 is describ$ ) su* a gigantic grasp ( ! imag9ation1 t ! conception has color$ all succe$+ !ology4 ,! action proce$s ) a c\ncil ( ! fall5 angels to devise means = alleviat+ _! condition & annoy+ ! ,almighty4 ,!y decide to /rike him ?r\gh 8 *ild1 & !y plot ! fall ( man4 ,9 %ort1 ,p>adise ,lo/ is an int5sely dramatic /ory ( ! loss ( ,ed54 ,! greate/ actors t ev] sprang f a poet's bra9 appe> be=e u on ! /age1 :i* is at "o "t ! sulphur\s pit ( hell1 at ano!r ! bright pla9s ( heav51 & at ano!r ! ,elysium ( our fir/ p>5ts4 ,9 =m ! poem is an epic 9 twelve books1 conta9+ a total ( #aj1efe l9es4 ,x is writt5 9 blank v]se ( wond]ful melody & v>iety4 ,p>adise ,rega9$ & ,samson ,agoni/es4--,aft] f9i%+ ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,milton wrote two m poems1 :i* he publi%$ 9 #afga4 ,p>adise ,rega9$ is 9 great "p a p>aphrase ( ! fir/ elev5 v]ses ( ! f\r? *apt]s ( ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,! poem is 9 f\r books ( blank v]se & conta9s #bjgj l9es4 ,al?\gh x is writt5 ) great art & f9i%1 ,p>adise ,rega9$ %[s a fall+ (f 9 ,milton's g5ius4 ,!re is less ornam5t & less to ar\se human int]e/4 ,samson ,agoni/es 7,samson ! ,/ruggl]7 is a trag$y conta9+ #ageh l9es1 bas$ on ! sixte5? *apt] ( ,judges4 ,?is poem1 model$ aft] ! ,greek drama1 is hamp]$ by a /rict obs]vance ( ! dramatic unities4 ,x is va/ly inf]ior to ! ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,samson ,agoni/es conta9s sc>cely any ( ! glori\s imag]y ( ,milton's e>li] poems4 ,x has be5 call$ ! mo/ unadorn$ poem t c be f\nd4 ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,milton',s ,,poetry ,v>iety 9 8 ,e>ly ,"w4--,a l9e 9 ,lycidas says3-- ,he t\*$ ! t5d] /ops ( v>i\s quills1 & ?is may be said ( ,milton4 ,8 e>ly poems %[ great v>iety4 ,!re are ! dirge notes 9 ,lycidas2 ! sights1 s\nds1 & odors ( ! c\ntry1 9 ,l',allegro2 ! delights ( ! /udi\s cloi/]'s pale1 9 ,il ,p5s]oso2 ! impell+ pres5ce ( 8 great ,task-,ma/]1 9 ! sonnets4 ,al?\gh ,milton is not$ = 8 s]i\sness & sublimity1 we mu/ n be bl9d to ! fact t 8 m9or poems %[ great delicacy ( t\*4 ,! epilogue ( ! ,_s at ! end ( ,comus is an in/ance ( exquisite airy fancy pass+ into noble imag9ation at ! close4 ,9 #afch ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton wrote to ,milton ?is intellig5t criticism ( ,comus3 ,i %\ld mu* comm5d ! tragical "p1 if ! lyrical did n ravi% me ) a c]ta9 ,doric delicacy 9 y\r ,songs & ,odes1 :]eunto ,i mu/ pla9ly confess to h se5 yet no?+ p>allel 9 our language ,ipsa mollities4 ,limitations4--,9 giv+ att5tion to ,milton's v>iety1 we %\ld n =get t :5 we judge him by ,elizabe?an /&>ds 8 limitations are app>5t4 ,z v>i$ z are 8 excell5ces1 8 range is f> n>r[] ?an ,%akespe>e's4 ,he has little s5se ( humor & less sympa?y ) human life ?an ei!r ,%akespe>e or ,burns4 ,milton became acqua9t$ ) fl[]s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a book be=e he notic$ !m 9 ! fields4 ,consequ5tly1 9 speak+ ( fl[]s & birds1 he sometimes makes ^? mi/akes to :i* ! booki% man is m prone ?an ! *ild :o fir/ he>s ! /ory ( ,nature f h] own lips4 ,unlike ,%akespe>e & ,burns1 ,milton _h ! mis=tune to sp5d 8 *ildhood 9 a l>ge city4 ,aga91 :ile increas+ age seem$ to impose no limitations on ,%akespe>e's g5ius1 8 t\* be+ z delicate 9 ,! ,tempe/ z 9 8 fir/ plays1 ,milton's /yle1 on ! o!r h&1 grew frigid & devoid ( imag]y t[>d ! end ( 8 life4 ,sublimity4--,! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,milton's poetry is sublimity1 :i* consi/s1 fir/1 9 ! subject matt]4 ,9 ! op5+ l9es ( ,p>adise ,lo/ he speaks ( 8 adv5tur\s song-- ,t ) no middle flight int5ds to so> ,above ! ,aonian m\nt1 :ile x pursues ,?+s unattempt$ yet 9 prose or rhyme4 ,milton succe$$ 9 8 int5tion4 ,! ,engli% language has n ano!r poem t approa*es ,p>adise ,lo/ 9 su/a9$ sublimity4 ,9 ! second place1 we mu/ note ! sublimity ( treatm5t4 ,milton's own m9d 0 ca/ 9 a sublime mold4 ,?is quality ( m9d is evid5t ev5 9 8 figures ( rhetoric4 ,! ,milky ,way appe>s to him z ! royal highway to heav53-- ,a broad & ample road1 ^: du/ is gold1 ,& pavem5t />s4#c ,:5 ,dea? & ,satan meet1 ,milton wi%es ! horror ( ! sc5e to manife/ some?+ ( ! sublime4 ,:at o!r poet c\ld1 9 few] words1 h convey$ a /rong] impression ( ! effect ( ! fr[n ( ^? p[]s8 ,s fr[n$ ! mighty combatants1 t ,hell ,grew d>k] at _! fr[n4#d ,george ,sa9tsbury's v]dict is approv$ by ! majority ( ! greate/ mod]n critics ( ,milton3 ,9 l(t9ess--sublimity ( ?\ght1 & maje/y ( expression1 bo? su/a9$ at almo/ sup]human pit*1 he has no sup]ior1 & no rival except ,dante4 ,ma/]y ( ,v]se4--,milton's v]se1 especially 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1 is su* a symphony ( comb9$ rhy?m1 poetic expression1 & ?\ght2 x is s h>moni\s1 s v>i$1 & yet s app>5tly simple 9 its complexity1 t x has nev] be5 surpass$ 9 k9d4 ,8 ma/]y ( rhy?m is n s evid5t 9 a s+le l9e z 9 a gr\p ( l9es4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ conta9s sixte5 l9es1 & yet ! rhy?m1 ! pauses1 & ! ?\ght are s comb9$ z to make oral read+ easy & ! mean+ app>5t4 ,! conception ( ! music ( ! sph]es 9 _! complex orbits f9ds "s analogy 9 ! h>mony ( ! comb9$ rhy?mical units ( 8 v]se4 ,d5i$ ! use ( 8 eyes z a guide to ! =m ( 8 lat] v]se1 he mu/ h repeat$ al\d ^! gr\ps ( l9es & *ang$ !m until _! cad5ce satisfi$ 8 rem>kably musical e>4 ,l9es l ^! %[ ! melody ( :i* ?is v]se is capable3-- ,heav5 op5$ wide ,h] ev]-dur+ gates1 h>moni\s s\nd ,on gold5 h+es mov+4#e ,to beg9 )1 he _h1 l ,%akespe>e & ,keats an in/9ctive feel+ = ! poetic value ( words & phrases4 ,milton's e>ly poems ab\nd 9 su* poetic expressions z ! frolic w9d1 ! slumbr+ morn1 l9kd sweetness1 looks comm]c+ ) ! skies1 dewy-fea!r$ sleep1 ! /udi\s cloi/]'s pale1 a dim religi\s light1 ! silv] l9+ ( ! cl\d1 we/ w9ds ) musky w+1 ! laureate he>se :]e ,lycid lies4 ,8 poetic in/9ct enabl$ him to take common prosaic words &1 by m]ely *ang+ ! position ( ! adjective1 transmute !m into imp]i%able v]se4 ,8 d>kness visible & human face div9e are in/ances ( ?is p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,milton ,,dictat+ ,,p>adise ,,lo/ ,,to ,,8 ,,daught]s4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,munkacsy4 ,tw5tie? c5tury criticism is m fully recogniz+ ! debt ( subsequ5t poetic lit]ature to ,milton4 ,sa9tsbury writes3-- ,milton's influ5ce is omnipres5t 9 almo/ all lat] ,engli% poetry1 & 9 n a little ( lat] prose ,engli% lit]ature4 ,at fir/1 at second1 at ?ird1 h&1 he has p]meat$ almo/ all 8 successors4#f ,h[ ! ,p>adise ,lo/ has affect$ ,?\ght4--,few p realize h[ pr(\ndly ?is poem has influ5c$ m5's ideas ( ! h]eaft]4 ,! conception ( hell = a long "t curr5t 0 influ5c$ by ^? pictures :i* ,milton pa9t$ ) d>kness = 8 canvas & ! lightn+ = 8 bru%4 ,our pictures ( ,ed5 & ( heav5 h also felt 8 t\*4 ,!ology has (t5 look$ ?r\gh ,milton's imag9ation at ! fall ( ! rebel angels & ( man4 ,huxley says t ! cosmogony :i* /ubbornly resi/s ! conclusions ( sci5ce1 is due r to ! acc\nt 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ ?an to ,g5esis4 ,_m ( ,milton's expressions h become cry/alliz$ 9 mod]n ?\ght4 ,among su* we may m5tion3-- ,! m9d is its own place1 & 9 itself ,c make a ,heav5 ( ,hell1 a ,hell ( ,heav51 ,:at matt] :]e1 if ,i be /ill ! same8#g ,to reign is wor? ambition1 ?\gh 9 ,hell ,bett] to reign 9 ,hell1 ?an s]ve 9 ,heav54#h 444,:o ov]comes ,by =ce ha? ov]come b half 8 foe4#i ,! effect ( ,p>adise ,lo/ on ,engli% ?\ght is m a resultant ( ! entire poem ?an ( deta*$ quotations4 ,l',allegro & ,il ,p5s]oso h furni%$ z _m curr5t quotations z ! :ole ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,! ,embodim5t ( ,high ,ideals4---,no poet has embodi$ 9 8 v]se high] ideals ?an ,milton4 ,:5 tw5ty-?ree1 he wrote t he int5d$ to use 8 tal5ts-- ,z ev] 9 my great ,taskma/]'s eye4#aj ,milton's poetry is n univ]sally popul>4 ,he delib]ately select$ 8 audi5ce4 ,^! l9es f ,comus %[ to :om he wi%$ to speak3-- ,yet "s !re be t by due /eps aspire ,to lay _! j h&s on t gold5 key ,t opes ! palace ( et]nity4 ,to su* my err& is4 ,he kept 8 promise ( writ+ some?+ :i* speaks = lib]ty & = nobility ( s\l & :i* ! _w w\ld n will+ly let die4 ,8 ideals react on u & raise u high] ?an we 74 ,to him we may say ) ,wordswor?3-- ,?y s\l 0 l a /> & dwelt ap>t2 ,?\ had/ a voice ^: s\nd 0 l ! sea1 ,pure z ! nak$ heav5s1 maje/ic1 free4 #aa ,,summ>y ,! ,puritan age 0 "o ( conflict 9 religi\s & political ideals4 ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i4 trampl$ on ! laws & p]secut$ ! ,puritans s rigor\sly t _m ( !m fl$ to ,new ,engl&4 ,civil w>1 9 :i* ! ,puritans triumph$1 0 ! result4 ,! ,puritans1 realiz+ t nei!r l&s beyond ! sea nor ! ,new ,le>n+ c\ld satisfy ! aspirations ( ! s\l1 turn$ _! att5tion to ! life beyond4 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim felt t ! sole duty ( life 0 to fight ! =ces ( evil t w\ld hold him captive 9 ! ,city ( ,de/ruction & to travel 9 ! /raight & n>r[ pa? to ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,life became a ceaseless battle ( ! "r aga9/ ! wrong4 ,h5ce1 mu* ( ! lit]ature 9 bo? poetry & prose is polemical4 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/ is an epic ( w> betwe5 good & evil4 ,! book t _h ! mo/ influ5ce 9 mold+ ! ?\ght ( ! "t 0 ! ,k+ ,james 7#afaa7 v]sion ( ! ,bible4 ,! m9or prose deals ) a v>iety ( subjects4 ,!re are argum5tative1 philosophical1 hi/orical1 biographical1 & !ological prose works2 b only ! f9e pres5tation ( nature & life 9 ,! ,complete ,angl] int]e/s ! g5]al read] ( to-day1 al?\gh ! gr&eur ( ,milton's ,areopagitica1 ! humor ( ,?omas ,full]1 ! /ately rhy?mical prose ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 & ! imag]y & v>iety ( ,j]emy ,taylor des]ve m read]s4 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress is ! ma/]piece ( ,puritan prose1 writt5 9 ! simple1 direct language ( ! #afaa v]sion ( ! ,bible4 ,! book is a prose epic ( ! j\rney ( ! ,puritan ,*ri/ian f ! ,city ( ,de/ruction to ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,! ,cavali] poets wrote mu* lyrical v]se1 mo/ly 9 light] ve91 b ! religi\s poets /rike a deep] note4 ,! "w ( ^! m9or poets is (t5 a reflection ( ! ,elizabe?an lyrics ( ,donne & ,jonson4 ,john ,milton1 :o has ! creative p[] ( ! ,elizabe?ans1 is ! only great poet ( ! p]iod4 ,8 greate/ poems are ,l',allegro1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ,lycidas1 ,comus1 & ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,9 sublimity ( subject matt] & ca/ ( m9d1 9 nobility ( ideals1 9 expression ( ! conflict betwe5 good & evil1 he is ! fitte/ repres5tative ( ! ,puritan _s 9 lit]ature4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,future ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,read ! *apt]s on ?is p]iod 9 ,g>d9]1#ab ,walk]1 ,*5ey1 ,l+>d1 or ,gre54 ,= ! social life1 see ,traill1 ,,iv4 ,! monum5tal hi/ory ( ?is "t has be5 writt5 9 eighte5 volumes by ,samuel ,rawson ,g>d9]4 ,8 ,oliv] ,cromwell1 ,i vol41 is excell5t1 z is also ,fr$]ick ,h>rison's ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,,vii4 ,c\r?ope's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,ma/]man's ,! ,age ( ,milton4 ,sa9tsbury's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,elizabe?an ,lit]ature 7comes d[n to #affj74 ,d[d5's ,puritan & ,anglican ,/udies 9 ,lit]ature4 ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography 7= lives ( m9or writ]s74 ,fr\de's ,john ,bunyan4 ,br[n's ,john ,bunyan1 8 ,life1 ,times1 & ,works4 ,macaulay's ,life ( ,bunyan 9 ,encylopa$ia ,britannica or 9 8 ,essays4 ,macaulay's ,essay on ,s\!y's ,edition ( ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,masson's ,! ,life ( ,john ,milton1 ,n>rat$ 9 ,connection ) ! ,political1 ,ecclesia/ical1 & ,lit]>y hi/ory ( 8 ,"t 7#f vols474 ,masson's ,poetical ,works ( ,john ,milton1 #c vols41 conta9s excell5t introductions & notes1 & is ! /&>d edition4 ,raleigh's ,milton4 ,pattison's ,milton4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,woodhull's ,! ,epic ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,macaulay's ,essay on ,milton4 ,l[ell's ,milton 79 ,among ,my ,books74 ,addison's criticisms on ,milton1 beg9n+ 9 numb] #bfg ( ,! ,spectator1 are sugge/ive4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,prose4--,! /ud5t w obta9 a fair idea ( ! prose ( ?is age by read+ ,milton's ,areopagitica1 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y 7#ae c5ts71 or ,temple ,classics 7#de c5ts72 ,craik1#ac ,,ii41 #dga-dge2 ! selections f ,?omas ,hobbes1 ,craik1 ,,ii41 #bad-bba2 f ,?omas ,full]1 ,craik1 ,,ii41 #cgg-chg2 f ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 ,craik1 ,,ii41 #cah-cce2 f ,j]emy ,taylor1 ,craik1 ,,ii41 #ebi-edb2 & f ,izaak ,walton1 ,craik1 ,,ii41 #cdc-cdi4 ,manly1 ,,ii41 has selections f all ^! writ]s2 ! ,ox=d ,treasury & ,c5tury1 f all b ,hobbes4 ,! /ud5t :o has ! "t w wi% to read ,! ,complete ,angl] entire 7,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 #ae c5ts2 or ,temple ,classics1 #de c5ts74 ,comp>e 7a7 ! s5t5ces1 7b7 g5]al /yle1 & 7c7 wor? ( ! subject matt] ( ^! au?ors2 !n1 to note ! developm5t ( ,engli% prose1 9 treatm5t ( subject z well z 9 =m1 comp>e ^! works ) ^? ( 7#a7 ,wycliffe & ,m&eville 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 7#b7 ,malory 9 ! fifte5?1 & 7#c7 ,tyndale1 ,lyly1 ,sidney1 ,hook]1 & ,bacon 7e4g4 essay ,( ,/udy1 #aeig71 9 ! sixte5?4 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress %\ld be read entire 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 #ce c5ts2 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 #ae c5ts2 ,temple ,classics1 #de c5ts74 ,selections may be f\nd 9 ,craik1 ,,iii41 #adh-aff2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #aci-adc2 ,ox=d ,treasury1 #hc-he2 ,c5tury1 #bbe-bce4 ,9 :at does ! secret ( ,bunyan's popul>ity consi/--9 8 /yle1 or 9 8 subject matt]1 or 9 bo?8 ,:at is specially notewor?y ab\t 8 /yle8 ,po9t out "s def9ite ways 9 :i* 8 /yle 0 affect$ by ano!r great "w4 ,suppose t ,bunyan _h held ! social s]vice ideals ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 h[ might 8 idea ( sav+ s\ls h be5 modifi$8 ,lyrical ,poetry4--,specim5s ( ! be/ "w ( ,h]rick1 ,c>ew1 ,suckl+1 ,lovelace1 ,h]b]t1 ,vaughan1 & ,cra%aw may be f\nd 9 ,w>d1 ,,ii42 ,bronson1 ,,ii42 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,iii42 ,manly1 ,i42 & ,c5tury4 ,:at is ! typical subject matt] ( ! ,cavali] poets8 ,:at subject d ,h]b]t1 ,vaughan1 & ,cra%aw *oose8 ,:i* lyric ( ea* ( ^! poets pleases y mo/8 ,:at diff]5ce d y note betwe5 ^! lyrics & ^? ( ! ,elizabe?an age8 ,:at ,elizabe?an lyri/s _h mo/ influ5ce on ^! poets8 ,:at are "s ( ! special defects ( ! lyri/s ( ?is age8 ,john ,milton4--,l',allegro1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ,comus1 ,lycidas 7,am]ican ,book ,company's ,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 #bj c5ts71 & ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,books ,i4 & ,,ii4 7same s]ies71 %\ld be read4 ,^! poems1 includ+ 8 excell5t ,sonnets1 may also be f\nd 9 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 & ! ,temple ,classics4 ,selections are giv5 9 ,w>d1 ,,ii41 #cjf-cgi2 ,bronson1 ,,ii41 #ccd-dbc2 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,iii41 #cd-gj3 ,manly1 ,i41 & ,c5tury1 passim4 ,:i* is ! greate/ ( 8 m9or poets8 ,:y8 ,is ! keynote ( ,comus 9 accord ) ,puritan ideals8 ,are !re qualities 9 ,lycidas t ju/ify call+ x ! high-wat] m>k ( ,engli% lyrical poetry8 ,:i* poem has mo/ p[]fully affect$ !ological ?\ght8 ,:i* d y ?9k is (t5e/ read to-day8 ,:y8 ,:at are ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ,milton's poetry8 ,contra/ ,milton's greatness1 limitations1 & ideals ( life1 ) ,%akespe>e's4 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,v3 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,milton's ,sonnet3 ,on ! ,late ,massacre 9 ,pi$mont4 ,footnote #b3 ,rob]t ,h]rick's ,pray] to ,b5 ,jonson4 ,footnote #c3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,,vii41 l9es #egg-egh4 ,footnote #d3 ,ibid41 ,book ,,ii41 l9es #gai-gbj4 ,footnote #e3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,,vii41 l9es #bjg-bji4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,,vii41 p4#aef4 ,footnote #g3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i41 l9e #bed4 ,footnote #h3 ,ibid1 l9e #bfb4 ,footnote #i3 ,ibid1 l9e #fdi4 ,footnote #aj3 ,sonnet3 ,on ,8 ,hav+ ,arriv$ at ! ,age ( ,tw5ty-?ree4 ,footnote #aa3 ,milton3 ,a ,sonnet4 ,footnote #ab3 ,= full titles1 see li/ on p4 #ej4 ,footnote #ac3 ,= full titles1 see p4#f4 ,,*apt] ,,vi3 ,,f ,,! ,,re/oration1 #affj1 ,,to ,,! ,,publication ,,( ,,pamela1 #agdj ,hi/ory ( ! ,p]iod4--,?is *apt] op5s ) ! ,re/oration ( ,*>les ,,ii4 7#affj-afhe7 9 #affj & ends be=e ! appe>ance1 9 #agdj1 ( a new lit]>y creation1 ,ri*>dson's ,pamela1 ! novel ( dome/ic life & "*4 ,?is p]iod is (t5 call$ ! age ( ,dryd5 & ,pope1 ! two *ief poets ( ! "t4 ,:5 ,oliv] ,cromwell di$1 ! re/oration ( ! mon>*y 0 inevitable4 ,! prote/ aga9/ ! ,puritanic view ( life _h become /rong4 ,reaction always results :5 excessive re/ra9t 9 any direction is remov$4 ,dur+ 8 exile1 ,*>les _h liv$ mu* 9 ,france & _h become accu/om$ to ! dissolute habits ( ! ,fr5* c\rt4 ,! c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii4 0 ! mo/ corrupt ev] kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,puritan virtues 7 laugh$ to scorn by ! ribald c\rti]s :o att5d$ ,*>les ,,ii4 ,john ,evelyn 7#afbj-agjf7 & ,samuel ,pepys 7#afcc-agjc7 left di>ies1 :i* give int]e/+ pictures ( ! times4 ,! "o by ,pepys is especially vivid4 ,9 #affc ,samuel ,butl] 7#afab-afhj7 publi%$ a fam\s satire1 entitl$ ,hudibras4 ,its object 0 to ridicule ev]y?+ t savor$ ( ,puritanism4 ,?is satire became extremely popul> 9 c\rt circles1 & 0 ! favorite read+ ( ! k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel ,,butl]4 ,*>les ,,ii4 exclud$ all b ,episcopalians f hold+ (fice1 ei!r 9 t[ns or 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,only ^? :o sanction$ ! ,episcopal pray] book 7 all[$ to prea*4 ,9 ord] to keep ,engl&'s fri5d%ip & to be able to look to h] = assi/ance 9 "t ( w>1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,france paid ,*>les ,,ii4 #ajj1jjj a ye> to act z a ,fr5* ag5t4 ,9 ?is capacity1 ,*>les ,,ii4 began aga9/ ,holl&4 ,f a position ( comm&+ importance "u ,cromwell1 ,engl& _h become a ?ird-rate p[]1 a tail to a ,fr5* kite4 ,james ,,ii4 7#afhe-afhh71 :o succe$$ 8 bro!r1 ,*>les ,,ii41 und]took to susp5d laws & to gov]n l a despot4 ,he 0 driv5 out 9 ! bloodless revolution ( #afhh by 8 son-9-law1 ,william 7#afhi-agjb71 & 8 daught] ,m>y4 ,william ( ,orange1 :o ?us became k+ ( ,engl&1 0 a pr9ce ( ,holl&4 ,?is revolution l$ to ! ,bill ( ,rights 7#afhi71 ! ?ird pill> ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution1 ! two previ\s be+ ,magna ,*>ta & ! ,petition ( ,"r4 ,! f\ndations 7 n[ firmly laid = a /rictly con/itutional mon>*y 9 ,engl&4 ,f ?is "t ! k+ has be5 less important1 sometimes only a m]e figure-head4 ,?is revolution1 c\pl$ ) ! increas+ rivalry ( ,france 9 trade & colonial expansion1 alt]$ ! =eign policy ( ,engl&4 ,holl& 0 ! head ( ! ,european coalition aga9/ ,france2 & ,william ,,iii4 0 influ5tial 9 hav+ ,engl& jo9 x4 ,= ! l>g] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury !re 0 int]mitt5t w> ) ,france4 ,"u ,anne 7#agjb-agad7 ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh won _m rem>kable victories aga9/ ,france4 ,! mo/ wor?y goal ( ,fr5* antagonism1 expansion ( trade1 & displacem5t ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,am]ica & ,india1 0 n at ?is "t cle>ly app>5t4 ,anne's successor 0 ! ,hanov]ian ,elector1 ,george ,i4 7#agad-agbg71 a desc5dant ( ! daught] ( ,james ,i41 :o _h m>ri$ a ,g]man pr9ce4 ,at ! "t ( 8 accession1 ,george ,i4 0 fifty-f\r ye>s old & c\ld speak no ,engli%4 ,he seldom att5d$ ! meet+s ( 8 cab9et1 s9ce he c\ld n und]/& ! delib]ations4 ,?is circum/ance l$ to fur!r decl9e ( royal p[]1 s t 8 successor1 ,george ,,ii4 7#agbg-agfj71 said3 ,m9i/]s are ! k+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! hi/ory ( ! re/ ( ?is p]iod c5t]s ar\nd ! great prime m9i/]1 ,rob]t ,walpole1 ^: m9i/ry la/$ f #agae-agag & f #agba-agdb4 ,8 motto 01 ,let sleep+ dogs lie2 & he took good c>e to (f5d no "o by propos+ any re=ms1 ei!r political or religi\s4 ,e man has 8 price 0 ! succ9ct /atem5t ( 8 political philosophy2 & he did n hesitate to secure by brib]y ! adoption ( 8 measures 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,he succe$$ 9 ?ree aims3 7#a7 9 mak+ ! h\se ( ,hanov] s secure on ! ?rone t x has n s9ce be5 displac$1 7#b7 9 giv+ fre% impetus to trade & indu/ry at home by r$uc+ taxation1 & 7#c7 9 /r5g!n+ ! navy & enc\rag+ colonial comm]ce4 ,*ange 9 ,=eign ,influ5ce4--,( all =eign influ5ces f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,r5aissance to ! ,re/oration1 ! lit]ature ( ,italy _h be5 ! mo/ important4 ,fr5* influ5ce n[ ga9$ ! asc5dancy4 ,!re 7 sev]al reasons = ?is *ange4 7#a7 ,france "u ! great ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 increas+ h] political importance4 7#b7 ,%e n[ _h among h] writ]s m5 :o 7 by =ce ( g5ius fitt$ to ex]t wide influ5ce4 ,among su*1 we may in/ance ,molire 7#afbb-afgc71 :o /&s next to ,%akespe>e 9 dramatic p[]4 7#c7 ,*>les ,,ii4 & _m ,cavali]s _h pass$ ! "t ( _! exile 9 ,france4 ,!y became famili> ) ,fr5* lit]ature1 & :5 !y return$ to ,engl& 9 #affj1 _! ta/e _h already be5 influ5c$ by ,fr5* models4 ,*ange 9 ! ,subject ,matt] ( ,lit]ature4--,! ,elizabe?an age imp>tially held ! mirror up to e type ( human emotion4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,re/oration & ( ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 z a class1 avoid$ any subject t dem&$ a portrayal ( deep & noble feel+4 ,9 ?is age1 we cat* no glimpse ( a ,lady ,macbe? 9 ! grasp ( remorse or ( a ,le> b5d+ ov] a dead ,cordelia4 ,! popul> subjects 7 ^? :i* appeal$ to cold intellect2 & ^! 71 = ! mo/ "p1 satirical1 didactic1 & argum5tative4 ,! two greate/ poets ( ! p]iod1 ,john ,dryd5 & 8 successor1 ,alex&] ,pope1 usually *ose su* subjects4 ,john ,locke 7#afcb-agjd71 a great prose writ] ( ?is age1 %[s 9 ! v title ( 8 mo/ fam\s "w1 ,( ! ,conduct ( ! ,und]/&+1 :at he pref]r$ to discuss4 ,t book op5s ) ! /atem5t1 ,! la/ resort a man has rec\rse to 9 ! conduct ( himself is 8 und]/&+4 ,?is decl>ation1 :i* is n /rictly true1 embodies a pron\nc$ t5d5cy ( ! age1 :i* c\ld n und]/& t ! _w ( feel+ is no less real ?an t ( ! und]/&+4 ,"o good result ( ! asc5dancy ( ! intellect 0 se5 9 sci5tific inve/igation4 ,! ,royal ,society 0 f\nd$ 9 #affb to /udy natural ph5om5a & to p5etrate into ! hidd5 my/]ies ( philosophy & life4 ,! ,advance ( ,prose4--,9 ea* prec$+ age1 ! ma/]pieces 7 poetry2 b be=e ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury we f9d ! prose f> surpass+ ! poetry4 ,dryd51 almo/ imm$iately aft] ! ,re/oration1 %[s notewor?y advance 9 mod]n prose /yle4 ,he avoids a ,lat9iz$ inv]sion1 su* z ! foll[+1 ) :i* ,milton beg9s ! second s5t5ce ( 8 ,areopagitica 7#afdd73-- ,& me p]haps ea* ( ^! dispositions1 z ! subject 0 :]eon ,i ent]$1 may h at o!r times v>i\sly affect$ 444 ,"h1 ! object me is eighte5 words 9 advance ( its pr$icate4 ,! s5t5ce might well h end$ ) ! natural pause at affect$1 b ,milton adds fifty-"o m words4 ,we may easily und]/& by comp>ison :y ! t]m mod]n is appli$ to ! prose ( ,dryd5 & ( 8 successors ,addison & ,/eele4 ,to emphasize ! prec$5ce ( ^! writ]s 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n prose is no disp>agem5t to ,bunyan's /yle1 :i* is almo/ z qua9t & z excell5t z t ( ! #afaa v]sion ( ! ,bible4 ,fr5* influ5ce 0 cumulative 9 *ang+ ! cumb]some /yle ( ,milton's prose to ! poli%$1 neatly-turn$ s5t5ces ( ,addison4 ,mat!w ,arnold says3 ,! glory ( ,engli% lit]ature is 9 poetry1 & 9 poetry ! /r5g? ( ! eighte5? c5tury does n lie4 ,nev]!less ! eighte5? c5tury accompli%$ = u an imm5se lit]>y progress1 & its v %ortcom+s 9 poetry 7 an in/rum5t to t progress1 & s]v$ x4 ,! example ( ,g]many may %[ u :at a nation loses f hav+ no prose /yle444 ,fr5* prose is m>k$ 9 ! highe/ degree by ! qualities ( regul>ity1 uni=mity1 precision1 balance444 ,! ,fr5* made _! poetry also con=m to ! law :i* 0 mold+ _! prose444 ,?is may h be5 bad = ,fr5* poetry1 b x 0 good = ,fr5* prose4 ,! same influ5ce :i* gave vigor1 po9t1 & def9it5ess to ! prose1 necess>y = ! bus9ess ( ! _w1 help$ to dw>f ! poetry4 ,if bo? c\ld n h advanc$ toge!r1 we may be ?ankful t ! fir/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury produc$ a v>i$ prose ( su* high excell5ce4 ,! ,classic ,s*ool4--,! lit]>y lawgiv]s ( ?is age held t a rigid adh]5ce to c]ta9 n>r[ rules 0 ! prime condition ( produc+ a ma/]piece4 ,inde$1 ! belief 0 common t a k ( rules 0 m important ?an g5ius4 ,! m5 ( ?is s*ool are call$ classici/s because !y held t a /udy ( ! be/ works ( ! anci5ts w\ld disclose ! necess>y guid+ rules4 ,no /yle t did n closely foll[ ^! rules 0 consid]$ good4 ,horace1 se5 ?r\gh ,fr5* spectacles1 0 ! classical au?or mo/ copi$ by ?is s*ool4 ,8 ,epi/les & ,satires 7 consid]$ models4 ,! motto ( ! classici/s 0 poli%$ regul>ity4 ,pope /ruck ! keynote ( ! age :5 he said3-- ,true wit is nature to advantage dress'd1 ,:at (t 0 ?\ght1 b ne'er s well express'd4#a ,^! two l9es %[ ! =m ( ! rim+ c\plet1 :i* ! classical poets adopt$4 ,!re is g5]ally a pause at ! end ( ea* l9e2 & ea* c\plet1 :5 deta*$ f ! context1 w usually make complete s5se4 ,edmund ,wall] 7#afjf-afhg71 rememb]$ today = 8 s+le c\plet3-- ,! s\l's d>k cottage1 batt]$ & decay$1 ,lets 9 new light ?r\gh *9ks t "t has made1 _h us$ ?is =m ( v]se be=e #afcj2 b x 0 res]v$ = ,dryd51 & especially = ,pope1 to br+ ! c\plet to a high degree ( p]fection4 ,a ,fr5* critic advis$ poets to compose ! second l9e ( ! c\plet fir/4 ,no bett] rule c\ld h be5 devis$ = dw>f+ poetic p[] & = mak+ poetry artificial4 ,voltaire1 a ,fr5* classici/1 said1 ,i d n l ! mon/r\s irregul>ities ( ,%akespe>e4 ,an eighte5?-c5tury classici/ actually endeavor$ to improve ,hamlet's soliloquy by putt+ x 9 rim+ c\plets4 ,^! l9es f ,macbe? %[ t ,%akespe>e w n tol]ate su* lead+ /r+s nor all[ ! end+ ( ! l9es to int]f]e ) 8 s5se3-- 444,besides1 ?is ,duncan ,ha? borne 8 faculties s meek1 ha? be5 ,s cle> 9 8 great (fice1 t 8 virtues ,w plead l angels1 trumpet-tongu$ aga9/ ,! deep damnation ( 8 tak+-(f4 ,a lat] romantic poet call$ ! rim+ c\plet rock+-horse met]2 & said t ! read+ ( _m c\plets rem9d$ him ( r\nd trips on a rock+-horse4 ,advances are usually made by ov]/ress+ "s "o po9t4 ,! classici/s taught ! sav+ grace ( /yle1 ! ne$ ( re/ra9t1 balance1 cle>ness1 common s5se4 ,we %\ld !re=e n despise ! necess>y lesson :i* ,engli% lit]ature le>n$ f su* tea*+1--a lesson :i* has nev] be5 =gott54 ,! ,drama4--,! !at]s 7 reop5$ at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration4 ,x is int]e/+ to read 9 ! vivaci\s ,di>y ( ,samuel ,pepys h[ he w5t 9 #affa to see ,%akespe>e's ,romeo & ,juliet1 a play ( itself ! wor/ t ,i ev] he>d4 ,! next ye> he *>act]izes ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream z ! mo/ ridicul\s play t ,i ev] saw4 ,he lik$ ! v>iety 9 ,macbe?1 & calls ,! ,tempe/ ! mo/ innoc5t play t ,i ev] saw4 ,! ,re/oration dramati/s1 :o 7 dom9at$ by ,fr5* influ5ce1 s (t5 sne]$ at morality & ! virtues ( ! home1 t !y h paid ! p5alty ( be+ little read 9 aft] times4 ,! !at] has n yet entirely recov]$ f ! deep-seat$ prejudice :i* 0 s int5sifi$ by ! co>se plays :i* fl\ri%$ = fifty ye>s aft] ! ,re/oration4 ,al?\gh ,john ,dryd5 is be/ kn[n among a l>ge numb] ( ,re/oration dramati/s1#b he did bett] "w 9 ano!r field4 ,william ,congreve 7#afgj-agbi7 made ! ma/ di/9ctive contribution to ! new com$y ( mann]s4 ,desc5d$ f an old l&[n+ family 9 ,/af=d%ire1 he 0 = a :ile a mate ( ,jona?an ,swift at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,9 #afia ,congreve 0 ent]$ 9 ! ,middle ,temple1 ,london1 to beg9 ! /udy ( law1 b he soon turn$ playwright4 ,8 f\r com$ies1--,! ,old ,ba*elor1 ,! ,d\ble ,deal]1 ,love = ,love1 ,! ,way ( ! ,_w1--& "o trag$y1 ,! ,m\rn+ ,bride1 7 all writt5 9 ! la/ decade ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,aft] #agjj he wrote no m plays1 al?\gh he liv$ ne>ly ?irty ye>s long]4 ,on 8 dea?1 9 #agbi1 he 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,congreve attempts to picture ! mann]s ( contempor>y society1 & he does n p5etrate f> bel[ ! surface ( life4 ,he is n read = ! dep? ( 8 ?\ght1 b = 8 humor & = ! cle>1 po9t$ /yle ( 8 prose com$ies4 ,george ,m]$i? says3-- ,:]e ,congreve excels all 8 ,engli% rivals is 9 8 lit]>y =ce1 & a succ9ctness ( /yle peculi> to him444 ,he is at once precise & voluble4 ,if y h ev] ?\ght ^u /yle1 y w ackn[l$ge x to be a signal accompli%m5t4 ,9 ?is he is a classic1 & he is wor?y ( tread+ a measure ) ,molire4 ,congreve's be/ com$ies are ,love = ,love & ,! ,way ( ! ,_w4 ,! majority ( critics agree ) ,m]$i? 9 call+ ,miss ,millimant1 :o is ! h]o9e ( ! latt] play1 an admirable1 almo/ a lovable h]o9e4 ,m]$i? illu/rates "o phase ( 8 own idea ( ! comic _s1 by ! language :i* ,miss ,millimant uses 9 accept+ h] lov]3 ,if ,i cont9ue to endure y a little long]1 ,i may by degrees dw9dle into a wife4 ,congreve's peculi> g5ius is well %[n 9 8 ability to make h] mann] ( spee* reveal h] *>act]i/ics4 ,8 plays are un=tunately disfigur$ ) ! co>s5ess ( ! age4 ,! blemi%es 9 ! drama did n exi/1 h[ev]1 )\t an emphatic contempor>y prote/4 ,j]emy ,colli] 7#afej-agbi71 a non-con=m+ bi%op1 9 8 ,%ort ,view ( ! ,immorality ( ! ,/age 7#afih71 compla9s t ! unwor?y h]o ( "o ( ,congreve's plays is cr[n$ = ! man ( m]it1 has 8 wi%es ?r[n into 8 lap1 & makes ! happy exit4 ,su* attacks _h _! weight & prep>$ ! way f> ! m moral s5tim5tal com$ies ( ,ri*>d ,/eele & succe$+ playwrights4 ,! sacrifice ( plot to moral purpose & ! delib]ate introduction ( sc5es design$ to =ce an appeal to s5tim5t caus$ ! lat] drama to det]iorate 9 a diff]5t way4 ,we %all see t ! natural he>ty humor ( ,goldsmi?'s com$y1 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]7#aggc71 af=d$ a welcome relief f su* plays4 ,,john ,,dryd51 #afca-agjj ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,dryd54 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,godfrey ,knellwe1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bir?place ,,( ,,dryd54 ,f a pr9t4 ,life4--,john ,dryd5 0 born 9 #afca 9 ! small village ( ,aldw9kle1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,few int]e/+ facts conc]n+ 8 life h come d[n to u4 ,8 fa!r 0 a b>onet2 8 "m1 ! daught] ( a rector4 ,"y ,dryd5 graduat$ f ,cambridge 9 #afed4 ,dur+ 8 entire life1 ,dryd5 0 a pr(essional lit]>y man2 & ) 8 p5 he made ! pr9cipal "p ( 8 liv+4 ,?is necessity (t5 =c$ him aga9/ 8 own bett] judgm5t to cat] to ! p]v]t$ ta/e ( ! ,re/oration4 ,:5 he f\nd t plays _h m m>ket value ?an any o!r k9d ( lit]ature1 he agre$ to furni% ?ree plays a ye> = ! k+'s actors1 b 0 unable to produce t numb]4 ,= fifte5 ye>s 9 ! prime ( 8 life1 ,dryd5 did little b write plays1 ! majority ( :i* are seldom read to-day4 ,8 only important poem dur+ 8 dramatic p]iod 0 ,annus ,mirabilis 7,! ,wond]ful ,ye>1 #afff71 memorable = ! great ,london fire & = naval victories ov] ! ,dut*4 ,by writ+ ! greate/ political satire 9 ! language at ! age ( fifty1 he %[$ ! _w :]e 8 g5ius lay4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life1 he produc$ b few plays4 ,8 greate/ satires1 didactic poems1 & lyrics belong to ?is p]iod4 ,9 8 la/ ye>s he wrote a spirit$ translation ( ,v]gil1 & retold 9 8 own inimitable way v>i\s /ories f ,*auc] & ,boccaccio & ,ovid4 ,^! /ories 7 publi%$ 9 a volume entitl$ ,fables1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,dryd5 di$ 9 #agjj & 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey beside ,*auc]4 ,x is difficult to speak positively ( ,dryd5's "*4 ,he wrote a poem 9 honor ( ! memory ( ,cromwell1 & a little lat] ano!r poem1 ,a/raea ,r$ux1 welcom+ ,*>les ,,ii4 ,he argu$ 9 /irr+ v]se 9 favor ( ! ,episcopal religion :5 t 0 ! fai? ( ! c\rt2 b aft] ! accession ( ,james ,,ii41 :o 0 a ,ca?olic1 ,dryd5 wrote ano!r poem to prove ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! only true "o4 ,he _h be5 appo9t$ poet laureate 9 #afgj1 b ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 :i* drove ,james f ! ?rone1 caus$ ,dryd5 to lose ! laureate%ip4 ,he w\ld nei!r take ! oa? ( fealty to ! new gov]nm5t nor *ange 8 religion4 ,9 spite ( adv]sity & ! loss ( an income almo/ suffici5t to support him1 he rema9$ a ,ca?olic = ! re/ ( 8 life & re>$ 8 sons 9 t fai?4 ,he seems to h be5 ( a =giv+ disposition & ready to ackn[l$ge 8 own faults4 ,he admitt$ t 8 plays 7 disfigur$ ) co>s5ess4 ,he 0 v k9d to "y writ]s & will+ to help !m ) _! "w4 ,9 8 *air at ,w's ,c(fee ,h\se1 disc\rs+ to ! wits ( ! ,re/oration ab\t matt]s ( lit]>y art1 he 0 "o ( ! mo/ prom95t figures ( ! age4 ,8 ,prose4--,al?\gh to ! majority ( p ,dryd5 is kn[n only z a poet1 8 influ5ce on prose has be5 s f>-rea*+ z to entitle him to be call$ "o ( ! f\nd]s ( mod]n prose /yle4 ,! %ort5+ ( s5t5ces has be5 a /rik+ feature 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n ,engli% prose4 ,edmund ,sp5s] av]ages ab\t fifty words to ea* ( 8 prose s5t5ces2 ,ri*>d ,hook]1 ab\t =ty-"o4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ s5t5ces 9 ,milton's ,areopagitica conta9s n9ety-five words1 al?\gh he cr[ds ov] ?ree hundr$ words into "s ( 8 long s5t5ces4 ,! s5t5ces 9 "s ( ,dryd5's pages av]age only tw5ty-five words 9 l5g?4 ,turn+ to ,macaulay1 "o ( ! mo/ f9i%$ ma/]s ( mod]n prose1 we f9d t 8 s5t5ces av]age tw5ty-two words4 ,dryd5 help$ also to free ,engli% prose f ! inv]sions1 involutions1 & p>5!tical intricacies ( e>li] times4 ,8 influ5ce on bo? prose & poetry 7 mu* ! same4 ,9 v]se he adopt$ ! %ort1 easily und]/ood unit ( ! classical c\plet2 & 9 prose1 ! %ort1 direct s5t5ce4 ,dryd5's prose deals *iefly ) lit]>y criticism4 ,mo/ ( 8 prose is to be f\nd 9 ! prefaces to 8 plays & poems4 ,8 mo/ important sep>ate prose composition is 8 ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy1 a "w :i* %\ld be read by all :o wi% to "k "s ( ! f\ndation pr9ciples ( criticism4 ,satiric ,poetry4--,no ,engli% writ] has surpass$ ,dryd5 9 satiric v]se4 ,8 greate/ satire is ,absalom & ,a*itophel1 9 :i*1 "u ! guise ( ,old ,te/am5t *>act]s1 he satirizes ! lead+ spirits ( ! ,prote/ant opposition to ! succession ( ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,*>les ,,ii41 to ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,dryd5 ?us satirizes ,a*itophel1 ! ,e>l ( ,%aftesbury3-- ,great wits are sure to madness ne> alli$1 ,& ?9 p>titions d _! b\nds divide2 ,else1 :y %\ld he1 ) weal? & honor ble/1 ,refuse 8 age ! ne$ful h\rs ( re/8 ,puni% a body :i* he c\ld n please1 ,bankrupt ( life1 yet prodigal ( ease8 ,& all to leave :at ) 8 toil he won ,to t unfea!r$ two-legg$ ?+1 a son4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 fri5d%ip false1 implacable 9 hate1 ,resolv$ to ru9 or to rule ! /ate4 ,zimri1 ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 is immortaliz$ ?us3-- ,/iff 9 op9ions1 always 9 ! wrong1 ,0 ev]y?+ by />ts1 & no?+ long4 ,mac ,flecknoe is ano!r satire ( almo/ z great m]it1 direct$ aga9/ a c]ta9 ,:ig poet by ! "n ( ,%adwell4 ,he w\ld h be5 seldom m5tion$ 9 lat] times1 _h x n be5 = two ( ,dryd5's l9es3-- ,! re/ to "s fa9t mean+ make pret5ce1 ,b ,%adwell nev] deviates into s5se4 ,all = ,love1 "o ( ,dryd5's greate/ plays1 %[s ! delicate ke5ness ( 8 satire 9 *>act]iz+ ! cold-blood$ ,augu/us ,caes>1 or ,octavius1 z he is !re call$4 ,antony has s5t a *all5ge to ,octavius1 :o replies t he has m ways ?an "o to die4 ,antony rejo9s3-- ,he has m ways ?an "o2 ,b he w\ld *oose !m all be=e t "o4 ,v5tidius4 ,he fir/ w\ld *oose an ague or a fev]4 ,antony4 ,no2 x mu/ be an ague1 n a fev]2 ,he has n w>m? en\gh to die by t4 ,dryd5 c\ld make 8 satire z direct & bla/+ z a ?und]bolt4 ,he ?us describes 8 publi%]3-- ,) le]+ looks1 bull-fac$1 & freckl$ fair1 ,) two left legs1 & ,judas-color$ hair1 ,& fr[sy pores t ta9t ! ambi5t air4 ,argum5tative or ,didactic ,v]se4--,dryd5 is a ma/] 9 argu+ 9 poetry4 ,he 0 n a :it hamp]$ by ! re/rictions ( v]se4 ,!y 7 r an advantage to him1 = 9 poetry he c\ld make m tell+ argum5ts 9 brief] compass ?an 9 prose4 ,! be/ two examples ( 8 p[] ( argu+ 9 v]se are ,religio ,laici1 writt5 9 #afhb1 to uphold ! ,episcopal religion1 & ,! ,h9d & ! ,pan!r1 compos$ 9 #afhg1 to v9dicate ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,v]se ( ?is ord] is call$ didactic1 because x endeavors to tea* or to expla9 some?+4 ,! age ( ! ,re/oration delight$ 9 su* ex]cises ( ! intellect va/ly m ?an 9 flights ( fancy or imag9ation4 ,lyrical ,v]se4--,:ile mo/ ( ,dryd5's be/ poetry is ei!r satiric or didactic1 he wrote ?ree f9e lyrical poems3 ,alex&]'s ,fea/1 ,a ,song = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day1 & ,an ,ode to ,mrs4 ,anne ,killigrew4 ,all are di/+ui%$ by rem>kable beauty & en]gy ( expression4 ,alex&]'s ,fea/ is ! mo/ widely read ( ,dryd5's poems4 ,! op5+ l9es ( ! ,ode to ,mrs4 ,anne ,killigrew seem almo/ ,miltonic 9 _! conception1 & !y %[ great p[] 9 ! field ( lyrical poetry4 ,mi/ress ,killigrew 0 a "y lady ( r>e accompli%m5ts 9 bo? poetry & pa9t+1 :o di$ at ! age ( tw5ty-five4 ,dryd5 ?us beg9s h] memorial ode3-- ,?\ y\nge/ virg9 daught] ( ! skies1 ,made 9 ! la/ promotion ( ! ble/2 ,^: palms1 new pluck$ f ,p>adise1 ,9 spread+ bran*es m sublimely rise1 ,ri* ) immortal gre5 above ! re/3 99 99 99 99 99 ,?\ wilt h "t en\gh = hymns div9e1 ,s9ce ,heav5's et]nal ye> is ?9e4 ,"s ( 8 plays h songs & spee*es in/9ct ) lyrical =ce4 ,! foll[+ fam\s l9es on ! wor? ( exi/5ce are tak5 f 8 trag$y ( ,aur5gzebe3-- ,:5 ,i consid]'d life1 'tis all a *eat1 ,yet1 fool'd ) hope1 m5 favor ! deceit1 ,tru/ on1 & ?9k to-morr[ w repay3 ,to-morr['s fals] ?an ! =m] day1 ,lies worse2 & :ile x says1 we %all be ble/ ,) "s new joys1 cuts (f :at we posse/4 ,/range coz5age6 none w\ld live pa/ ye>s aga92 ,yet all hope pleasure 9 :at yet rema94 ,&1 f ! dregs ( life1 ?9k to receive ,:at ! fir/ sprightly runn+ c\ld n give4 ,i'm tir'd ) wait+ = ?is *emic gold1 ,:i* fools u "y & begg>s u :5 old4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,9 po9t ( "t1 ,dryd5 is ! fir/ great poet ( ! s*ool ( lit]>y arti/s4 ,8 v]se does n tol]ate ! unprun$ irregul>ities & exagg]ations ( _m =m] ,engli% poets4 ,8 comm& ov] language is rem>kable4 ,he uses words almo/ z he *ooses1 b he does n inve/ !m ) ! w>m gl[ ( feel+4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 some?+ m ?an a great ^w arti/4 ,_m ( 8 ideas be> ! /amp ( m>k$ orig9ality4 ,9 ! field ( satiric & didactic poetry1 he is a ma/]4 ,! intellectual1 n ! emotional1 side ( man's nature appeals /rongly to him4 ,he he$s n ! song ( ! bird1 ! color ( ! rose1 nor ! cl\ds ( ev5+4 ,al?\gh m celebrat$ = 8 poetry ?an = 8 prose1 he is ! e>lie/ ( ! great mod]n prose /yli/s1 & he displays high critical ability4 ,,daniel ,,defoe1 #afei8-agca ,illu/ration3 ,,daniel ,,defoe4 ,f a pr9t by ,v&]gu*t4 ,v>i$ ,exp]i5ces4--,daniel ,defoe 0 born 9 ,london1 probably ! ye> be=e ! ,re/oration4 ,8 fa!r1 a but*] 9 good circum/ances1 s5t ! boy to a s*ool 9 :i* ,engli%1 in/ead ( ,lat91 0 ! m$ium ( in/ruction4 ,he 0 taught h[ to express himself 9 ! simple1 =ceful ,engli% = :i* he became fam\s4 ,8 education 0 plann$ to make him a diss5t+ m9i/]2 b he pref]r$ a life ( v>i$ activity4 ,he became a trad]1 a manufactur] ( tiles1 a j\rnali/1 & a writ] ( fiction4 ,by also s]v+ z a gov]nm5t ag5t & spy1 he incurr$ ! sev]e criticism ( contempor>ies4 ,x is d\btful if ev5 ,%akespe>e _h m v>i$ exp]i5ces or m vicissitudes 9 life4 ,= writ+ :at w\ld to-day be consid]$ a h>mless piece ( irony1 ,! ,%orte/ ,way ) ,diss5t]s1 9 :i* ,defoe1 :o 0 himself a diss5t]1 advocat$ bani%m5t or hang+1 he suff]$ ! mortification ( exposure = ?ree days 9 ! pillory & ( imprisonm5t 9 ! pe/il5t ,newgate jail4 ,8 bus9ess ( mak+ tiles 0 consequ5tly ru9$4 ,^! exp]i5ces1 ) :i* 8 enemies taunt$ him1 color$ 8 entire life & made him realize t ! support ( 8 wife & six *ildr5 necessitat$ c>e 9 8 *oice & treatm5t ( subjects4 ,8 life 0 a succession ( *ang+ =tunes4 ,he di$ 9 pov]ty 9 #agca & 0 buri$ 9 ,bunhill ,fields1 ,london4 ,8 grave 0 m>k$ by only a small head/one1 b ! ,engli% boys & girls :o _h read ,rob9son ,crusoe 9 ! ,victorian age subscrib$ ! money = a monum5t ) a suitable inscription4 ,x is rem>kable t ,bunhill ,fields1 :i* conta9s ! graves ( s _m humble diss5t]s1 %\ld be ! f9al re/+ place ( bo? ,bunyan & ,defoe1 ! au?ors ( ! fir/ two ,engli% prose works mo/ (t5 read to-day4 ,a ,j\rnali/ & a ,prolific ,writ]4--,defoe has at la/ come to be reg>d$ z ! fir/ great ,engli% j\rnali/4 ,he _h pr$ecessors 9 ?is field1 = z e>ly z #afbb ! ,coranto1 or j\rnal ( curr5t =eign news1 appe>$4 ,9 #afda1 on ! eve ( ! civil w>1 ! ,diurnall ( dome/ic news 0 issu$4 ,9 #afdc1 :5 ,p>liam5t appo9t$ a lic5s]1 :o gave copyright protection to ! cat*word or newspap] title1 j\rnali/s became a recogniz$ body4 ,newsbooks & especially newslett]s grew 9 popul>ity4 ,only a few ye>s aft] ! ,re/oration1 !re appe>$ ,! ,london ,gazette1 :i* has be5 cont9u$ to ! pres5t "t z ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! gov]nm5t publi%es its (ficial news4 ,f #agjd to #agac ,defoe issu$ ,! ,review1 :i* appe>$ triweekly = ! great] "p ( ! "t1 & gave ! news curr5t 9 ,engl& & 9 mu* ( ,europe4 ,! ,review1 an unusual a*ievem5t = ! age1 %[s ,defoe to h be5 a j\rnali/ ( great ability4 ,?is pap] _h "o dep>tm5t1 call$ ,! ,sc&al ,club1 :i* furni%$ sugge/ions = ,! ,tatl] & ,! ,spectator4 ,x has be5 comput$ t ,defoe wrote = ,! ,review dur+ ! n9e ye>s ( its publication #ejjj pages ( essays1 9 addition to ne>ly ! same am\nt ( o!r matt]4 ,he also issu$ _m pamphlets1 :i* p]=m$ some:at ! same s]vice z ! mod]n newspap] ) its editorials4 ,x is probable t he 0 ! mo/ prolific ( all ,engli% au?ors4 ,few h discuss$ z wide a range ( matt]4 ,he wrote m ?an two hundr$ & fifty sep>ate works on subjects z diff]5t z social conditions1 ! promotion ( bus9ess1 human conduct1 travels 9 ,engl&1 & gho/s4 ,fiction4--,defoe 0 ne>ly sixty :5 he began to write fiction4 ,9 #agai he publi%$ ! fir/ "p ( ,rob9son ,crusoe1 ! /ory ( ! adv5tures ( a sailor wreck$ on a solit>y isl&4 ,! ,fr5*man ,daudet said ( ?is "w3 ,x is z ne>ly immortal z any book c ev] be4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury saw m ?an "o hundr$ editions ( x publi%$ 9 ,london alone4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly issu$ 9 almo/ e language ( ,europe4 ,! secret ( ! success ( ,rob9son ,crusoe has puzzl$ hundr$s ( writ]s :o h tri$ to imitate x4 ,! _w-wide popul>ity ( ,rob9son ,crusoe is *iefly due 7#a7 to ! peculi> g5ius ( ! au?or2 7#b7 to 8 j\rnali/ic tra9+1 :i* enabl$ him to seize on ! ess5tial elem5ts ( int]e/ & to keep ^! 9 ! =egr\nd2 7#c7 to ! skill ) :i* he pres5ts matt]-(-fact details1 suffici5t to inve/ ! /ory ) an atmosph]e ( p]fect reality2 7#d7 to 8 /yle1 :i* is z simple & direct z ! spee* ( real life1 & :i* is made vivid by specific words describ+ concrete actions1--su* z hew+ a tree1 %>p5+ a /ake1 hang+ up grapes to dry1 toss+ a biscuit to a wild cat1 tak+ a mo!rless kid 9 8 arms2 & 7#e7 to ! skill ) :i* he sets a problem requir+ = its solution en]gy1 +5uity1 self-reliance1 & ! developm5t ( ! moral p[] necess>y to meet & ov]come difficulties4 ,"y & old foll[ ) int5se int]e/ e movem5t ( ! %ipwreck$ m>9] :5 he fir/ swims to ! /r&$ %ip1 con/ructs a raft1 & places on x bread1 rice1 ?ree ,dut* *eeses1 five pieces ( dri$ goat's fle%1 a little rema9d] ( ,european corn1 & ! c>p5t]'s *e/4 ,read]s d n accompany him passively z he l&s ! raft & returns4 ,!y "w ) him2 !y are n only made a "p ( all ,crusoe's exp]i5ce1 b !y react on x imag9atively2 !y sugge/ *anges2 !y hold _! brea? or try to assi/ him :5 he is 9 dang]4 ,defoe's g5ius 9 mak+ ! read] a p>tn] 9 ,rob9son ,crusoe's adv5tures has n yet receiv$ suffici5t appreciation4 ,! au?or c\ld nev] h secur$ su* a triumph if he _h n compell$ read]s to take an active "p 9 ! /ory4 ,x 0 = a long "t ?\ght t ,defoe 0 ignorant1 t he accid5tally happ5$ to write ,rob9son ,crusoe because he _h be5 told ( ! rec5t exp]i5ce ( ,alex&] ,selkirk on a solit>y isl& 9 ! ,pacific4 ,x is n[ kn[n t ,defoe 0 well educat$1 v]s$ 9 sev]al languages1 & ! mo/ v]satile writ] ( 8 "t4 ,rob9son ,crusoe 0 no m ( an accid5t ?an any o!r creation ( g5ius4 ,defoe's o!r pr9cipal works ( fiction are3 ,memoirs ( a ,cavali]1 ! /ory ( a soldi]'s adv5tures 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ,! ,life1 ,adv5tures1 & ,piracies ( ! ,fam\s ,capta9 ,s+leton1 a graphic acc\nt ( adv5tures 9 a j\rney across ,africa2 ,moll ,fl&]s1 a /ory ( a well-kn[n crim9al2 & ,a ,j\rnal ( ! ,plague ,ye>1 a vivid1 imag9ative pres5tation1 9 ! mo/ reali/ic way1 ( ! horrors ( ! ,london plague 9 #affe4 ,^! works are almo/ completely ov]%ad[$ by ,rob9son ,crusoe2 b !y also %[ ,defoe's n>rative p[] & 8 ability to make fiction seem an absolute reality4 ,9 writ+ ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 ,swift receiv$ valuable h9ts f ,defoe4 ,/ev5son's ,treasure ,isl& is ! mo/ successful ( ! almo/ numb]less /ories ( adv5ture sugge/$ by ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,,jona?an ,,swift1 #affg-agde ,illu/ration3 ,,jona?an ,,swift4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,c4 ,j]vas1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,swift1 "o ( ! greate/ prose writ]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 born ( ,engli% p>5ts 9 ,dubl9 9 #affg4 ,x is absolutely necess>y to "k some?+ ( 8 life 9 ord] to pass prop] judgm5t on 8 writ+s4 ,a cursory exam9ation ( 8 life w %[ t h]$ity & environm5t 7 responsible = _m ( 8 peculi>ities4 ,swift's fa!r di$ a few mon?s be=e ! bir? ( 8 son1 & ! boy saw b little ( 8 "m4 ,swift's s*ool & college life 7 pass$ at ,kilk5ny ,s*ool & ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,= 8 education he 0 indebt$ to an uncle1 :o made ! boy feel ! bitt]ness ( 8 dep5d5ce4 ,9 aft] times he said t 8 uncle treat$ him l a dog4 ,swift's e>ly exp]i5ce seems to h made him misan?ropic & h>d5$ to consequ5ces1 = he neglect$ c]ta9 /udies1 & x 0 only by special concession t he 0 all[$ to take 8 ,a4,b4 degree 9 #afhf4 ,aft] leav+ college1 he sp5t almo/ t5 ye>s z ! private secret>y ( ,sir ,william ,temple1 at ,moor ,p>k 9 ,surrey1 ab\t =ty miles s\?we/ ( ,london4 ,temple _h be5 ask$ to furni% "s employm5t = ! "y graduate because ,lady ,temple 0 relat$ to ,swift's "m4 ,"h ,swift 0 probably treat$ z a dep5d5t1 & he _h to eat at ! second table4 ,f9ally1 ?is life became s intol]able t he took holy ord]s & w5t to a little p>i% 9 ,irel&2 b aft] a /ay ( eighte5 mon?s he return$ to ,moor ,p>k1 :]e he rema9$ until ,temple's dea? 9 #afii4 ,swift !n w5t to ano!r little c\ntry p>i% 9 ,irel&4 ,f !re he visit$ ,london on a mission 9 behalf ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,irel&4 ,he qu>rel$ ) ! ,:igs1 became a ,tory1 & assi/$ t p>ty by writ+ _m political pamphlets4 ,! ,tory m9i/ry soon felt t x c\ld sc>cely d )\t him4 ,he d9$ ) m9i/]s ( /ate1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ important m5 9 ,london2 b he advanc$ ! int]e/s ( 8 fri5ds mu* bett] ?an 8 own1 = he got little f ! gov]nm5t except ! hope ( becom+ bi%op4 ,9 #agac he 0 made dean ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral1 ,dubl94 ,9 #agad1 ,que5 ,anne di$1 ! ,tories w5t out ( p[]1 & ,swift return$ to ,irel&1 a disappo9t$ man4 ,he pass$ ! re/ ( 8 life !re1 ) ! exception ( a few visits to ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moor ,,p>k4 ,f a draw+4 ,:5 ,engli% politicians endeavor$ to oppress ,irel& ) unju/ laws1 ,swift *ampion$ ! ,iri% cause4 ,a man :o knew him well1 says3 ,i nev] saw ! poor s c>efully & consci5ti\sly att5d$ to z ^? ( 8 ca!dral4 ,he gave up a l>ge "p ( 8 income e ye> = ! poor4 ,9 ,dubl9 he 0 look$ ^u z a h]o4 ,:5 a c]ta9 p]son tri$ to be rev5g$ on ,swift = a satire1 a deputation ( ,swift's neighbors propos$ to ?ra% ! man4 ,swift s5t !m home1 b !y boycott$ ! man & l[]$ 8 income #abjj a ye>4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 ,swift 0 hopelessly insane4 ,he di$ 9 #agde1 leav+ 8 prop]ty = an asylum = lunatics & incurables4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swift ,,& ,,/ella4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,dicksee4 ,! my/]ies 9 ,swift's life may be p>tly acc\nt$ = by ! fact t dur+ _m ye>s he suff]$ f an unkn[n bra9 disease4 ,?is affection1 ! gall+ treatm5t receiv$ 9 8 e>ly ye>s1 & ! disappo9tm5ts ( 8 prime1 l>gely acc\nt = 8 misan?ropy1 = 8 coldness1 & = ! almo/ brutal treatm5t ( ! wom5 :o lov$ him4 ,swift's atta*m5t to ! beautiful ,e/h] ,johnson1 kn[n 9 lit]ature z ,/ella1 l$ him to write to h] t fam\s s]ies ( lett]s kn[n z ! ,j\rnal to ,/ella1 9 :i* he gives mu* ( 8 p]sonal hi/ory dur+ ! ?ree sunnie/ ye>s ( 8 life1 f #agaj to #agac1 :5 he 0 a lion 9 ,london4 ,?ack]ay says3 ,i "k ( no?+ m manly1 m t5d]1 m exquisitely t\*+1 ?an "s ( ^! brief notes1 writt5 9 :at ,swift calls 8 'little language' 9 8 ,j\rnal to ,/ella4 ,a ,tale ( a ,tub & ! ,battle ( ! ,books4--,swift's greate/ satire1 ! greate/ prose satire 9 ,engli%1 is kn[n z ,a ,tale ( a ,tub4 ,! purpose ( ! "w is to uphold ! ,episcopalians & satirize oppos+ religi\s d5om9ations4 ,= ^? n int]e/$ 9 !ological argum5ts1 !re is mu* ent]ta9+ philosophy1 z ! foll[+ quotation w %[3-- ,if we take an exam9ation ( :at is g5]ally und]/ood by happ9ess1 z x has respect ei!r to ! und]/&+ or ! s5ses1 we %all f9d all its prop]ties & adjuncts w h]d "u ?is %ort def9ition1--t x is a p]petual possession ( be+ well deceiv$4 ,& fir/1 ) relation to ! m9d or und]/&+ x is manife/ :at mighty advantages fiction has ov] tru?2 & ! reason is j at our elb[1 because imag9ation c build nobl] sc5es & produce m wond]ful revolutions ?an =tune or nature w be at exp5se to furni%4 ,swift's satiric def9ition ( happ9ess z ! art ( be+ well deceiv$ is a *>act]i/ic in/ance ( a comb9ation ( 8 humor & pessimi/ic philosophy4 ,9 ! same volume ) ,a ,tale ( a ,tub1 !re 0 publi%$ a prose satire 9 almo/ epic =m1 ,an ,acc\nt ( a ,battle betwe5 ! ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,books 9 ,/4 ,james ,libr>y 7#agjd74 ,al?\gh ?is satire app>5tly aims to demon/rate ! sup]ior m]its ( ! great classical writ]s1 x is ma9ly an attack on pret5tions to k4 ,our greate/ surprise 9 ?is satire comes n only f discov]+ ! expression1 sweetness & light1 made fam\s by ,mat!w ,arnold 9 ! ,victorian age1 b also f f9d+ t a satiri/ l ,swift assign$ su* high rank to ^! qualities4 ,he says t ! ,anci5ts ?us express$ an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 !mselves & ! ,mod]ns3-- ,! diff]5ce is t1 in/ead ( dirt & poison1 we h r *os5 to fill our lives ) honey & wax1 ?us furni%+ mank9d ) ! two noble/ ( ?+s1 :i* are ,sweetness & ,light4 ,gulliv]'s ,travels4--,! _w is always ready to li/5 to any "o :o has a good /ory to tell4 ,nei!r *ildr5 nor philosoph]s h yet we>i$ ( read+ ! adv5tures ( ,capta9 ,lemuel ,gulliv] 9 ,lilliput & ,brobd+nag4 ,gulliv]'s ,travels is ,swift's mo/ fam\s "w4 ,gulliv] makes f\r rem>kable voyages to /range c\ntries4 ,he fir/ visits ,lilliput1 :i* is inhabit$ by a race ( m5 ab\t six in*es high4 ,ev]y?+ is on a correspond+ scale4 ,gulliv] eats a :ole h]d ( cattle = breakfa/ & dr9ks sev]al hog%eads ( liquor4 ,he captures an entire fleet ( w>%ips4 ,a rival race ( pygmies endeavors to secure 8 s]vices s z to obta9 ! balance ( p[]4 ,! qu>rels betwe5 ^! little p seem ridicul\s1 & s petty z to be almo/ b5ea? contempt4 ,gulliv] next visits ,brobd+nag1 :]e ! inhabitants are sixty feet tall1 & ! affairs ( ord9>y human be+s appe> petty & insignificant4 ,! cats are z l>ge z ?ree ox51 & ! dogs atta9 ! size ( f\r elephants4 ,gulliv] eats on a table ?irty feet high1 & trembles le/ he may fall & break 8 neck4 ,! baby seizes ,gulliv] & tries to swall[ 8 head4 ,aft]w>d ! h]o fights a desp]ate battle ) two rats4 ,a monkey cat*es him & c>ries him to ! almo/ inf9ite height ( ! h\se top4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! voyages to ,lilliput & ,brobd+nag m]it ,leslie ,/eph5's criticism ( be+ almo/ ! mo/ delightful *ildr5's book ev] writt54 ,! ?ird voyage1 :i* takes him to ,laputa1 satirizes ! philosoph]s4 ,we are tak5 ?r\gh ! academy at ,lagado & are %[n a typical philosoph]3-- ,he _h be5 eight ye>s ^u a project = extract+ sunbeams out ( cucumb]s1 :i* 7 to be put 9 vials1 h]metically seal$1 & let out to w>m ! air 9 raw1 inclem5t summ]s4 ,he told me he did n d\bt t 9 eight ye>s m he %\ld be able to supply ! gov]nor's g>d5s ) sun%9e at a reasonable rate4 ,9 ?is voyage ! ,/ruldbrugs are describ$4 ,!y are a race ( m5 :o1 aft] ! loss ( e faculty & ( e tie t b9ds !m to e>?1 are doom$ to cont9ue liv+4 ,dante nev] pa9t$ a /rong] or a gha/li] picture4 ,on 8 f\r? voyage1 he visits ! c\ntry ( ! ,h\yhnhnms & describes ! ,yahoos1 :o are ! embodim5t ( all ! dete/able qualities ( human be+s4 ,! la/ two voyages are n pleasant read+1 & "o might wi% t ! au?or ( two su* inimitable tales z ! adv5tures 9 ,lilliput & ,brobd+nag _h /opp$ ) ^!4 ,*ildr5 read ,gulliv]'s ,travels = ! /ory1 b !re is mu* m ?an a /ory 9 ! "w4 ,9 its pages ! hi/orian f9ds allusions t ?r[ mu* light on ! hi/ory ( ! age4 ,among ! ,lilliputians1 = example1 !re is "o p>ty1 kn[n z ! ,big5dians1 :i* insi/s t all eggs %all be brok5 op5 at ! big end1 :ile ano!r p>ty1 call$ ! ,little5dians1 cont5ds t eggs %all be op5$ only at ! little end4 ,^! diff]5ces typify ! qu>rels ( ! age conc]n+ religion & politics4 ,! ,travels also conta9s mu* human philosophy4 ,! lov] ( satire is con/antly delight$ ) ! ke5ness ( ! ?ru/s4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,swift is "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% prose humori/s4 ,he is not$ also = wit ( t satiric k9d :i* enjoys ! discomfiture ( ! victim4 ,a typical in/ance is %[n 9 ! way 9 :i*1 "u ! assum$ "n ( ,isaac ,bick]/aff1 he dealt ) an a/rolog] & mak] ( prophetic almanacs1 ^: "n 0 ,p>tridge4 ,bick]/aff claim$ to be an infallible a/rolog]1 & pr$ict$ t ,p>tridge w\ld die ,m>* #bi1 #agjh1 at #aa ,p4,m4 ,:5 t day _h pass$1 ,bick]/aff issu$ a pamphlet giv+ a circum/antial acc\nt ( ,p>tridge's dea?4 ,p>tridge1 f9d+ t 8 cu/om]s began to decrease1 prote/$ t he 0 alive4 ,bick]/aff promptly repli$ t ,p>tridge 0 dead by 8 own infallible rules ( a/rology1 & t ! man n[ claim+ to be ,p>tridge 0 a vile impo/or4 ,swift's wit frequ5tly left its impr9t on ! ?\ght ( ! "t4 ,! results ( ?is special prank ) ! a/rolog] 73 fir/1 to cause ! wits ( ! t[n to jo9 9 ! hue & cry t ,p>tridge 0 dead2 second1 to increase ! contempt = a/rolog]s2 &1 ?ird1 9 ! words ( ,scott3 ,! mo/ rem>kable consequ5ce ( ,swift's frolic 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tatl]4 ,ri*>d ,/eele1 its f\nd]1 adopt$ ! popul> "n ( ,isaac ,bick]/aff4 ,ta9e says ( ,swift3 ,he is ! inv5tor ( irony1 z ,%akespe>e ( poetry4 ,! mo/ p[]ful in/ance ( ,swift's irony is %[n 9 8 attempt to bett] ! condition ( ! ,iri%1 ^: pov]ty =c$ !m to let _! *ildr5 gr[ up ignorant & de/itute1 or (t5 ev5 die ( />vation4 ,8 ,mode/ ,proposal = reliev+ su* di/ress is to h ! *ildr5 at ! age ( "o ye> s]v$ z a new di% on ! tables ( ! great4 ,s apt is irony to be misund]/ood & to fail ( its m>k1 t = a "t ,swift 0 consid]$ m]ely brutal2 b soon he conv9c$ ! ,iri% t he 0 _! fri5d1 will+ to contribute bo? "t & money to aid !m4 ,8 ironical rem>ks on ,! ,aboli%+ ( ,*ri/ianity 7 also misund]/ood4 ,8 poems1 su* z ,a ,description ( a ,city ,%[]1 & ,cad5us & ,vanessa1 %[ ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics z 8 prose1 b are inf]ior to x4 ,we %all se>* ,swift's "w 9 va9 = examples ( pa?os or sublimity4 ,we %all f9d 8 pages cau/ic ) wit1 satire1 & irony1 & (t5 disfigur$ ) co>s5ess4 ,"o ( ! great pessimi/s ( all "t1 he is yet trem5d\sly 9 e>ne/ 9 :atev] he says1 f 8 ,drapi]'s ,lett]s1 writt5 to protect ,irel& f ! s*emes ( ,engli% politicians1 to 8 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 :]e he describes ! c\rt ( ,lilliput4 ,?is e>ne/ness & circum/antial m9ut5ess ?r[ an air ( reality ar\nd 8 mo/ grotesque creations4 ,he pret5d$ to despise ,defoe2 yet ! influ5ce ( t great writ]1 :o made fiction seem z real z fact1 is pla9ly app>5t 9 ,gulliv]'s rem>kable adv5tures4 ,al?\gh sublimity & pa?os are outside ( 8 range1 8 /yle is rem>kably well adapt$ to 8 special subject matt]4 ,:ile read+ 8 works1 "o sc>cely ev] ?9ks ( 8 /yle1 unless ! att5tion is specially direct$ to x4 ,only a great arti/ c ?us conceal 8 art4 ,a /yle s natural z ?is has especial m]its :i* w repay /udy4 ,?ree ( its *ief *>act]i/ics are simplicity1 flexibility1 & en]getic directness4 ,,joseph ,,addison1 #afgb-agai ,illu/ration3 ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bir?place ,,( ,,addison4 ,life4--,joseph ,addison 0 born 9 ! pat]nal rectory at ,mil/on1 a small village 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,wilt%ire4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,ox=d4 ,he int5d$ to become a cl]gyman1 b1 hav+ attract$ att5tion by 8 graceful ,lat9 poetry1 0 dissuad$ by influ5tial c\rt fri5ds f ent]+ ! s]vice ( ! *ur*4 ,!y p]suad$ him to fit himself = ! diplomatic s]vice1 & secur$ = him a ye>ly p5sion ( #cjj4 ,he !n w5t to ,france1 /udi$ ! language ( t c\ntry1 & travel$ ext5sively1 s z to ga9 a k ( =eign c\rts4 ,! dea? ( ,k+ ,william 9 #agjb /opp$ 8 p5sion1 h[ev]1 & ,addison 0 =c$ to return to ,engl& to seek employm5t z a tutor4 ,! great battle ( ,bl5heim 0 won by ,m>lbor\gh 9 #agjd4 ,z ,macaulay says1 ! m9i/ry 0 mortifi$ to see su* a victory celebrat$ by s mu* bad poetry1 & he in/ances ^! l9es f "o ( ! poems3 ,?9k ( two ?\s& g5tlem5 at lea/1 ,& ea* man m\nt$ on 8 cap]+ bea/2 ,into ! ,danube !y 7 pu%$ by %oals4 ,! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ] w5t to ,addison's humble lodg+s & ask$ him to write a poem 9 honor ( ! battle4 ,addison took ! t[n by /orm ) a simile 9 :i* ! great g5]al 0 lik5$ to ! calm angel ( ! :irlw9d4 ,:5 p reflect$ h[ calmly ,m>lbor\gh _h direct$ ! :irlw9d ( w>1 !y ?\ght t no comp>ison c\ld be m felicit\s4 ,f t "t ,addison's =tunes rose4 ,s9ce 8 day no man rely+ on lit]>y tal5ts alone has ris5 s high 9 /ate affairs4 ,he 0 made assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,secret>y = ,irel&1 & f9ally *ief ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,?\gh ,addison 0 a prom95t figure 9 ! political _w1 x is 8 lit]>y life t mo/ conc]ns u4 ,9 8 prime he wrote = ,! ,tatl] & ,! ,spectator1 fam\s newspap]s ( ,que5 ,anne's day1 _m inimitable essays on contempor>y life & mann]s4 ,mo/ newspap] "w is soon =gott51 b ^! essays are read by ! mo/ cultivat$ p ( to-day4 ,9 8 own age 8 mo/ m]itori\s production 0 ?\ght to be ! dull trag$y ( ,cato1 a drama obs]v+ ! classical unities4 ,"s ( 8 ,hymns are mu* f9]4 ,l9es l ^!1 writt5 ( ! />s1 l+] 9 our memories3-- ,=ev] s++ z !y %9e1 ,! h& t made u is div9e4 ,addison _h a s+ul>ly pleas+ p]sonality4 ,?\gh he 0 a ,:ig1 ! ,tories admir$ & applaud$ him4 ,he 0 a good illu/ration ( ! tru? t if "o smiles 9 ! mirror ( ! _w1 x w answ] him ) a smile4 ,swift said he believ$ ! ,engli% w\ld h made ,addison k+1 if !y _h be5 reque/$ to place him on ! ?rone4 ,pope's jeal\s nature prompt$ him to qu>rel ) ,addison1 b ! qu>rel 0 *iefly on "o side4 ,m5 l ,macaulay & ,?ack]ay h ex]t$ _! p[]s to d ju/ice to ! k9dl9ess & integrity ( ,addison4 ,addison di$ at ! age ( =ty-sev51 & 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ri*>d ,,/eele4 ,collaborates ) ,/eele4--,"u ! p5 "n ( ,isaac ,bick]/aff1 ,ri*>d ,/eele 7#afgb-agbi71 a =m] s*oolmate & fri5d ( ,addison1 />t$ 9 #agji ,! ,tatl]1 a p]iodical publi%$ ?ree times a week4 ,?is discuss$ matt]s ( int]e/ 9 society & politics1 & occasionally publi%$ an essay on morals & mann]s4 ,/eele 0 a good-natur$1 c>eless individual1 ) a v>i$ exp]i5ce z soldi]1 playwright1 morali/1 keep] ( ! (ficial gazette1 & p5sion]4 ,he says t he always pref]r$ ! /ate ( 8 m9d to t ( 8 =tune2 b 8 m5tal /ate 0 (t5 fickle1 & too mu* dep5d5t on bodily luxuries1 ?\gh he 0 patriotic en\gh to sacrifice 8 p]sonal =tune = :at he consid]$ 8 c\ntry's int]e/4 ,we f9d ,addison a frequ5t contributor to ,! ,tatl] aft] its sev5te5? numb]4 ,/eele says3 ,i f>$ l a di/ress$ pr9ce :o calls 9 a p[]ful neighbor to 8 aid2 ,i 0 undone by my auxili>y2 :5 ,i _h once call$ him 91 ,i c\ld n subsi/ )\t dep5d5ce on him4 ,! ,tatl] 0 discont9u$ 9 #agaa1 & ,/eele project$ ! m fam\s ,spectator two mon?s lat]4 ,addison wrote ! fir/ numb]1 b ! second issue1 :i* came f ,/eele's p51 conta9s sket*es ( ^? *>act]s :i* h become fam\s 9 ! ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s4 ,/eele's fir/ outl9e ( ,sir ,rog] is a creation ( sweetness & light3-- ,8 t5ants gr[ ri*1 8 s]vants look satisfi$1 all ! "y wom5 pr(ess to love him1 & ! "y m5 are glad ( 8 company4 ,:5 he comes into a h\se he calls ! s]vants by _! names1 & talks all ! way up/airs to a visit4 ,! influ5ce ( su* a "* mu/ h be5 especially :olesome on ! read]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,)\t ! sugge/ive orig9ality ( ,/eele1 we might nev] h _h ^? essays ( ,addison1 :i* we read mo/ to-day2 b :ile ,/eele %\ld h full cr$it = ! fir/ bold sket*es1 ! f9i%$ portraits 9 ! ,de ,cov]ley gall]y are due to ,addison4 ,/eele says ( 8 associate1 ,i claim to myself ! m]it ( hav+ extort$ excell5t productions f a p]son ( ! greate/ abilities1 :o w\ld n h let !m appe> by any o!r means4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to rememb] t ,/eele did mu* m "w ?an is popul>ly suppos$4 ,beg9n+ ) ,m>* #a1 #agaa1 !re 7 #eee issues ( ,! ,spectator publi%$ on succe$+ week days4 ,to ^! 7 add$ #hj m numb]s at irregul> int]vals4 ,( ^! #fce numb]s1 ,/eele wrote #bcf & ,addison #bgd4 ,9 _m respects ea* seem$ to be ! complem5t ( ! o!r4 ,/eele's writ+s h n ! poli% or delicate humor ( ,addison's1 b !y h m /r5g? & pa?os4 ,addison _h ! great] g5ius1 & he 0 also m will+ to sp5d "t 9 poli%+ 8 prose & mak+ x arti/ic4 ,f ! f> great] int]e/ n[ %[n 9 ,addison1 ! /ud5t %\ld be impress$ by ! necessity ( arti/ic f9i% z well z ( excell5ce 9 subject matt]4 ,addison's ,essays--,! greate/ ( ,addison's ,essays appe>$ 9 ,! ,spectator & *>m$ _m read]s 9 ,que5 ,anne's age4 ,! subject matt] ( ^! ,essays is extremely v>i$4 ,on "o day !re is a pleasant pap] on wit*es2 on ano!r1 a *at ab\t ! new woman2 on ano!r1 a disc\rse on clubs4 ,addison is prop]ly a moral satiri/1 & 8 p5 did mu* m ?an ! pulpit to civilize ! age & make virtue ! fa%ion4 ,9 ,! ,spectator1 he says3 ,if ,i meet ) any?+ 9 city1 c\rt1 or c\ntry1 t %ocks mode/y or good mann]s1 ,i %all use my utmo/ endeavors to make an example ( x4 ,he accompli%$ 8 purpose1 n by heat$ d5unciations ( vice1 b by hold+ x up to k9dly ridicule4 ,he rememb]$ ! fable ( ! diff]5t me?ods employ$ by ! nor? w9d & ! sun to make a man lay aside an ugly cloak4 ,addison /at$ also t "o ( 8 objects 0 to br+ philosophy out ( closets & libr>ies1 s*ools & colleges1 to dwell 9 clubs & assemblies1 at tea tables & c(feeh\ses4 ,8 pap]s on ,milton did mu* to dim9i% t great poet's unpopul>ity 9 an age t lov$ =m r ?an matt]1 art r ?an natural /r5g?4 ,! ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s4--,! mo/ fam\s ( ,addison's productions are 8 pap]s t appe>$ 9 ,! ,spectator1 describ+ a typical c\ntry g5tleman1 ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley1 & 8 fri5ds & s]vants4 ,ta9e says t ,addison "h inv5t$ ! novel )\t suspect+ x4 ,?is is an ov]/atem5t2 b ^! pap]s c]ta9ly h ! int]e/ ( a novel f ! mom5t ,sir ,rog] appe>s until 8 dea?1 & ! del9eation ( "* is f> 9 advance ( t %[n 9 ! majority ( mod]n novels4 ,we f9d ourselves r]ead+ ! ,de ,cov]ley ,pap]s m ?an once1 a /atem5t t c be made ( b few novels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,rog] ,,9 ,,*ur*4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,addison ranks among ! greate/ ( ,engli% essayi/s4 ,"s ( 8 essays1 l ! s]ies on ,p>adise ,lo/1 deal ) lit]>y criticism2 b mo/ p to-day read little f 8 p5 except ! ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s1 :i* give int]e/+ pictures ( eighte5?-c5tury life & mann]s4 ,be=e we h read _m ( ,addison's essays1 we %all discov] t he is a humori/ ( high rank4 ,8 humor is ( ! k9d t makes "o smile1 r ?an laugh al\d4 ,our c\nt5ance relaxes :5 we discov] t 8 rules = an eighte5?-c5tury club prescribe a f9e = abs5ce except 9 case ( sickness or imprisonm5t4 ,we are quietly amus$ at su* t\*es z ?is 9 ! del9eation ( ,sir ,rog]3-- ,z ,sir ,rog] is l&lord to ! :ole congregation1 he keeps !m 9 v good ord]1 & w suff] nobody to sleep 9 x besides himself2 =1 if by *ance he has be5 surpris$ into a %ort nap at s]mon1 ^u recov]+ out ( x1 he /&s up & looks ab\t him1 &1 if he sees anybody else nodd+1 ei!r wakes !m himself1 or s5ds 8 s]vants to !m4 ,addison is rem>kable among a satiric gr\p ( writ]s because he int5d$ 8 humor to be rem$ial1--n m]ely to inflict w\nds1 b to ex]t a moral influ5ce1 to induce human be+s to =sake ! wrong & to become m k9dly4 ,we may smile at ,sir ,rog]2 b we h m respect = 8 k9dl9ess1 aft] read+ 9 ,spectator ,no4 #chc1 h[ he select$ 8 boatm5 to r[ him on ! ,?ames3-- ,we 7 no soon] come to ! ,temple ,/airs1 b we 7 surr\nd$ ) a cr[d ( wat]m51 (f]+ u _! respective s]vices4 ,sir ,rog]1 aft] hav+ look$ ab\t him v att5tively1 spi$ "o ) a wood5 leg1 & imm$iately gave him ord]s to get 8 boat ready4 ,z we 7 walk+ t[>ds x1 ',y mu/ "k1' says ,sir ,rog]1 ',i nev] make use ( anybody to r[ me1 t has n ei!r lo/ a leg or an arm4 ,i w\ld r bate him a few /rokes ( 8 o> ?an n employ an hone/ man t _h be5 w\nd$ 9 ! ,que5's s]vice4 ,if ,i 0 a "l or a bi%op1 & kept a b>ge1 ,i w\ld n put a fell[ 9 my liv]y t _h n a wood5 leg4' ,su* humor1 :i* f9ds its *ief po9t 9 a desire to make ! _w k9dli]1 mu/ h appeal$ to ! eighte5? c5tury1 or ,! ,spectator c\ld n h rea*$ a circulation ( t5 ?\s& copies a day4 ,addison w\ld n n[ h 8 legion ( w>m admir]s if 8 humor _h be5 p]sonal1 l ,pope's1 or misan?ropical1 l ,swift's4 ,( 8 /yle1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson says1 ,:oev] wi%es to atta9 an ,engli% /yle1 famili> b n co>se1 & elegant b n o/5tati\s1 mu/ give 8 days & nights to ! /udy ( ,addison4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 z we "k f 8 ,autobiography1 foll[$ ?is advice ) admirable results4 ,addison's /yle seems z natural & easy z ! mann]s ( a well-br$ p]son4 ,:5 we h giv5 "s att5tion to dissect+ 8 /yle1 we may inde$ discov] t a prose model = to-day %\ld h m v>iety & en]gy & occasionally m precision2 b su* a conclusion does n mean t any writ] ( ?is c5tury w\ld l ! task ( surpass+ ! ,de ,cov]ley ,pap]s4 ,,alex&] ,,pope1 #afhh-agdd ,illu/ration3 ,,alex&] ,,pope4 ,f ! portrait by ,william ,ho>e4 ,life4--,alex&] ,pope 0 born 9 ,london 9 #afhh4 ,8 fa!r1 a dev\t ,ca?olic1 0 a l95 m]*ant1 :o gave 8 son little =mal s*ool+1 b all[$ him to pick up 8 education by read+ su* au?ors z pleas$ 8 fancy4 ,he 0 a v precoci\s *ild4 ,at ! age ( twelve he 0 writ+ an ,ode on ,solitude4 ,he *ose 8 vocation e>ly1 = writ+ poetry 0 ! bus9ess ( 8 life4 ,9 8 *ildhood1 8 p>5ts remov$ f ,london to ,b9field1 a village 9 ,b]k%ire1 n9e miles f ,w9dsor4 ,:5 he 0 ne>ly ?irty ye>s old1 8 translation ( ! ,iliad enabl$ him to buy a h\se & gr\nds at ,twick5ham on ! ,?ames1 ab\t twelve miles above ,london4 ,he liv$ "h = ! re/ ( 8 life1 indulg+ 8 ta/e = l&scape g>d5+ & ent]ta9+ ! greate/ m5 ( ! age4 ,aft] e>ly middle life1 8 writ+s made him pecuni>ily indep5d5t1 b he suff]$ mu* f ill heal?4 ,9 8 ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson says ( ,pope3-- ,by natural de=mity1 or accid5tal di/ortion1 8 vital functions 7 s mu* disord]$ t 8 life 0 a long disease444 ,:5 he rose1 he 0 inve/$ 9 a bodice made ( /iff canvas1 be+ sc>ce able to hold himself erect till !y 7 lac$1 & he !n put on a flannel wai/coat4 ,"o side 0 contract$4 ,8 legs 7 s sl5d] t he enl>g$ _! bulk ) ?ree pair ( /ock+s444 ,9 all 8 int]c\rse ) mank9d1 he _h great delight 9 artifice1 & endeavor$ to atta9 all 8 purposes by indirect & unsuspect$ me?ods4 ,he h>dly drank tea )\t a /ratagem4 ,! publication ( 8 correspond5ce tangl$ him 9 a me% ( deceptions1 because 8 desire to appe> 9 a favorable light l$ him to *ange lett]s t he _h s5t to fri5ds4 ,8 d\ble-deal+1 int5se jeal\sy1 & irritability1 due to 8 physical condition1 caus$ him to become involv$ 9 _m qu>rels1 :i* gave him ! opportunity to indulge to ! utmo/ 8 own satiric t5d5cy4 ,9 "o ( 8 late satires1 ,! ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 he *>g$ ,addison ) ! incl9ation to-- ,damn ) fa9t praise1 ass5t ) civil le]1 ,& )\t sne]+1 tea* ! re/ to sne]4 ,on ! basis ( :at he wrote1 we may divide 8 life into ?ree p]iods4 ,dur+ 8 fir/ ?irty ye>s1 he produc$ v>i\s k9ds ( v]se1 l ! ,essay on ,criticism & ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock4 ,! middle p]iod ( 8 life 0 m>k$ by 8 translation ( ,hom]'s ,iliad & ,odyssey4 ,9 8 ?ird p]iod1 he wrote moral & didactic poems1 l ! ,essay on ,man1 & satires1 l ! ,dunciad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pope',s ,,villa ,,at ,,twick5ham4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,"s ,poems ( ! ,fir/ ,p]iod3 ,essay on ,criticism & ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock4--,pope's fir/ publi%$ poem1 ,! ,pa/orals1 :i* appe>$ 9 #agji1 0 foll[$ 9 #agaa by ,an ,essay on ,criticism1--an exquisite sett+ ( a numb] ( gems ( criticism :i* _h = a long "t be5 curr5t4 ,pope's int5tion 9 writ+ ?is poem may be se5 f :at he himself says3 ,x seems n s mu* ! p]fection ( s5se to say ?+s t h nev] be5 said be=e1 z to express ^? be/ t h be5 said (t5e/4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! poem is rem>kable4 ,no o!r writ]1 except ,%akespe>e1 has 9 an equal numb] ( l9es said s _m ?+s :i* h pass$ into curr5t quotation4 ,r>e p]fection 9 ! =m ( /atem5t acc\nts = ?is4 ,! poem ab\nds 9 su* l9es z ^!3-- ,= fools ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to tread4 ,to err is human1 to =give div9e4 ,all seems infect$ t ?' infect$ spy1 ,z all looks yell[ to ! jaundic$ eye4 ,9 words1 z fa%ions1 ! same rule w hold1 ,alike fanta/ic if too new or old3 ,be n ! fir/ by :om ! new are tri$1 ,nor yet ! la/ to lay ! old aside4 ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock1 :i* is ,pope's ma/]piece1 is almo/ a romantic poem1 ev5 ?\gh x is writt5 9 classical c\plets4 ,x 0 a favorite ) ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 & ,james ,russell ,l[ell rightly say says3 ,! :ole poem m truly des]ves ! "n ( a creation ?an any?+ ,pope ev] wrote4 ,! poem is a mock epic1 & x has ! sup]natural ma*9]y :i* 0 suppos$ to be absolutely necess>y = an epic4 ,9 place ( ! gods & goddesses ( ! great epics1 h[ev]1 ! fairy-l sylphs help to guide ! action ( ?is poem4 ,! poem1 :i* is f\nd$ on an actual incid5t1 describes a "y "l's !ft ( a lock ( hair f ! head ( a c\rt beauty4 ,pope compos$ ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock to soo! h] indignation & to effect a reconciliation4 ,! :ole ( ?is poem %\ld be read by ! /ud5t1 z x is a vivid satiric picture ( fa%ionable life 9 ,que5 ,anne's reign4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rape ,,( ,,! ,,lock4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,translation ( ,hom]4--,pope's *ief "w dur+ ! middle p]iod ( 8 life 0 8 translation ( ! ,iliad & ( ! ,odyssey ( ,hom]4 ,f a f9ancial po9t ( view1 ^! translations 7 ! mo/ successful ( 8 labors4 ,!y br\ght him 9 ne>ly #ijjj1 & made him indep5d5t ( booksell] or ( nobleman4 ,! rem>kable success ( ^! works is /range :5 we rememb] t ,pope's k ( ,greek 0 v imp]fect1 & t he 0 oblig$ to consult translations be=e attempt+ any passage4 ,! ,greek s*ol> ,b5tley1 a contempor>y ( ,pope1 deliv]$ a j v]dict on ! translation3 ,a pretty poem1 ,mr4 ,pope1 b y mu/ n call x ,hom]4 ,! hi/orian ,gibbon said t ! poem _h e m]it except fai?fulness to ! orig9al4 ,hom] is simple & direct4 ,he ab\nds 9 concrete t]ms4 ,pope dislikes a simple t]m & loves a circumlocution & an ab/raction4 ,we h ! concrete h]d ( sw9e translat$ into a bri/ly c>e1 sk9s1 into furry spoils4 ,! concrete 0 consid]$ common & undignifi$4 ,hom] says 9 simple language3 ,8 fa!r wept ) him1 b ,pope translates ?is3 ,! fa!r p\r$ a social flood4 ,pope us$ to translate ?irty or =ty v]ses ( ! ,iliad be=e ris+1 & !n to sp5d a consid]able "t 9 poli%+ !m4 ,b half ( ! translation ( ! ,odyssey is 8 own "w4 ,he employ$ assi/ants to f9i% ! o!r half2 b x is by no means easy to di/+ui% 8 "w f !irs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alex&] ,,pope4 ,f contempor>y portrait4 ,"s ,poems ( 8 ,?ird ,p]iod3 ,essay on ,man1 & ,satires4--,! ,essay on ,man is a philosophical poem ) ! av[$ object ( v9dicat+ ! ways ( ,god to man4 ,! entire poem is an amplification ( ! idea conta9$ 9 ^! l9es3-- ,all nature is b art unkn[n to !e2 ,all *ance1 direction :i* ?\ can/ n see2 ,all discord1 h>mony n und]/ood2 ,all p>tial evil1 univ]sal good4 ,& spite ( pride1 9 err+ reason's spite1 ,"o tru? is cle>1 ,:atev] is1 is "r4 ,! *ief m]it ( ! poem consi/s 9 ?r[+ into poli%$ =m _m ( ! views curr5t at ! "t1 s t !y may be easily und]/ood4 ,be=e we read v f> we come across su* old acqua9tances z-- ,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man4 ,an hone/ man's ! noble/ "w ( ,god4 ,vice is a mon/] ( s frightful mi5 ,z1 to be hat$1 ne$s b to be se52 ,yet1 se5 too (t1 famili> ) h] face1 ,we fir/ endure1 !n pity1 !n embrace4 ,! ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,arbu?not & ,! ,dunciad are ,pope's greate/ satires4 ,9 ,! ,dunciad1 an epic ( ! dunces1 he holds up to ridicule e p]son & writ] :o _h (f5d$ him4 ,^! 7 9 _m cases scribbl]s :o _h no bus9ess ) a p52 b 9 a few in/ances !y 7 ! be/ s*ol>s ( t day4 ,a great deal ( ! poem is n[ v tiresome read+4 ,mu* ( x is brutal4 ,pope 0 a p[]ful ag5t1 z ,?ack]ay says1 9 r\s+ t obloquy :i* has ev] s9ce pursu$ a /ruggl+ au?or4 ,! ,dunciad c\ld be m confid5tly consult$ ab\t contempor>y lit]>y hi/ory1 if ,pope _h avoid$ su* unnecess>y mis/atem5ts z3-- ,e>less on high1 /ood unaba%'d ,de ,foe4 ,?is l9e is responsible = ! curr5t unw>rant$ belief t ! au?or ( ,rob9son ,crusoe lo/ 8 e>s 9 ! pillory4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4---,pope has n /rong imag9ation1 a ke5 feel+ = nature1 or wide sympa?y ) man4 ,leslie ,/eph5 says3 ,pope nev] crosses ! undef9able1 b yet ineffaceable l9e1 :i* sep>ates true poetry f rhetoric4 ,! debate 9 reg>d to :e!r ,pope's v]se is ev] g5u9e poetry may n yet be settl$ to ! satisfaction ( all2 b x is well to recognize ! und\bt$ fact t 8 c\plets /ill appeal to _m read]s :o love cle>ness & precision & :o are n incl9$ to wre/le ) ! hidd5 mean+ ( great] poetry4 ,"o ( 8 poems1 ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock1 has become almo/ a univ]sal favorite because ( its humor1 good-natur$ satire1 & ent]ta9+ pictures ( society 9 ,que5 ,anne's "t4 ,he is ! poet :o be/ expresses ! classical _s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,he excels 9 satiric & didactic v]se4 ,he expresses 8 ideas 9 p]fect =m1 & embodies !m 9 classical c\plets1 sometimes /yl$ rock+-horse met]2 b he %[s no p[] ( fa?om+ ! emotional dep?s ( ! s\l4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature1 he holds an important place1 because1 m ?an any o!r writ]1 he calls att5tion to ! importance ( correctness ( =m & ( c>eful expression4 ,he is ! pr9ce ( artificial poets4 ,?\gh he err$ 9 exalt+ =m above matt]1 he taught 8 age ! ne$$ lesson ( c>eful workman%ip4 ,,summ>y ,! ,re/oration & ! fir/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury display a l[ moral /&>d 9 bo? *ur* & /ate4 ,?is /&>d _h its effect on lit]ature4 ,! drama %[s m>k$ decl9e4 ,we f9d no su* sublime outbur/s ( song z *>act]ize ! ,elizabe?an & ,puritan ages4 ,! writ]s *ose satiric or didactic subjects1 & avoid$ pa?os1 deep feel+1 & sublimity4 ,fr5* influ5ce 0 p>am\nt4 ,! classical s*ool1 :i* lov$ poli%$ regul>ity1 set ! fa%ion 9 lit]ature4 ,an old idea1 dress$ 9 exquisite =m1 0 z welcome z a new "o4 ,any?+ /range1 irregul>1 romantic1 full ( feel+1 highly imag9ative1 or improbable to ! intellect1 0 unpopul>4 ,ev5 9 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 ,swift endeavor$ to be z reali/ic z if he 7 demon/rat+ a geometrical proposition4 ,dryd5 & ,pope are ! two *ief poets ( ! classical s*ool4 ,bo? use ! rim+ c\plet & are di/+ui%$ = _! satiric & didactic v]se4 ,_! poetry %[s m intellectual brilliancy ?an imag9ative p[]4 ,!y display little sympa?y ) man & small love = nature4 ,! age is f> m rem>kable = its prose ?an = its poetry4 ,fr5* influ5ce help$ to develop a concise1 flexible1 en]getic prose /yle4 ,! det]ioration 9 poetry 0 p>tly comp5sat$ = by ! rapid advances 9 prose1 :i* ne$$ ! influ5ces work+ t[>d arti/ic f9i%4 ,because ( its clev]ness1 avoidance ( long s5t5ces1 & ( classical inv]sions1 ,dryd5's prose is ess5tially mod]n4 ,defoe's ,rob9son ,crusoe is ! _w's mo/ popul> /ory ( adv5ture1 told 9 simple & direct1 b seem+ly artless1 prose4 ,( all ! prose writ]s s9ce ,swift's "t1 few h equal$ him & /ill few] surpass$ him 9 simplicity1 flexibility1 directness1 & lack ( affectation4 ,! essays ( ,/eele & ,addison con/itute a l&m>k4 ,no prec$+ ,engli% prose %[s s mu* grace ( /yle1 delicate humor1 & p[] ( awak5+ & reta9+ int]e/ z d ! ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is age 0 suffici5t to raise p]man5tly ! /&>d level ( arti/ic lit]>y expression4 ,! unprun$1 %apeless1 & extravagant =ms ( e>li] times w no long] be tol]at$4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ?is p]iod may be f\nd 9 ei!r ,g>d9]1#c ,gre51 ,walk]1 or ,*5ey4 ,vols4 ,,viii4 & ,,ix4 ( ! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,engl& give ! hi/ory 9 great] detail4 ,= ! social side1 consult ,traill1 ,vols4 ,,iv4 & ,v41 & ,*5ey's ,indu/rial & ,social ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,lecky's ,hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury is an excell5t "w4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vols4 ,,viii41 ,,ix41 ,x4 ,c\r?ope's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,vols4 ,,iii41 ,,iv41 & ,v4 ,/eph5's ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,ta9e's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,book ,,iii41 ,*aps4 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii4 ,gosse's ,hi/ory ( ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature beg9s ) #affj4 ,g>nett's ,! ,age ( ,dryd54 ,phillips's ,popul> ,manual ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,m9to's ,manual ( ,engli% ,prose ,lit]ature4 ,sa9tsbury's ,life ( ,dryd54 7,e4,m4,l47 ,macaulay's ,essay on ,dryd54 ,l[ell's ,essay on ,dryd5 9 ,among ,my ,books4 ,dryd5's ,essays on ! ,drama1 edit$ by ,/runk4 ,f[l]'s ,life ( ,locke4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,/eph5's ,hi/ory ( ,?\ght 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,d5nis's ,! ,age ( ,pope4 ,?ack]ay's ,engli% ,humori/s 7,swift1 ,addison1 ,/eele1 ,pope74 ,/eph5's ,life ( ,swift4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,craik's ,life ( ,swift4 ,c\r?ope's ,life ( ,addison4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,macaulay's ,essay on ,addison4 ,/eph5's ,life ( ,pope4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,de ,qu9cey's ,essay on ,pope1 & ,on ! ,poetry ( ,pope4 ,johnson's ,lives ( ! ,poets 7,dryd51 ,pope1 ,addison74 ,l[ell's ,my ,/udy ,w9d[s 7,pope74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,dryd54--,f 8 lyrical v]se1 read ,alex&]'s ,fea/ or ,a ,song = ,/4 ,cecilia's ,day4 ,! op5+ l9es ( ,religio ,laici or ( ,! ,h9d & ! ,pan!r w s]ve z a specim5 ( 8 argum5tative or didactic v]se & ,absalom & ,a*itophel = 8 satire4 7,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 #ae c5ts47 ,selections are giv5 9 ,w>d1#d ,,ii41 #ded-dhc2 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #bj-eh2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bjc-bji2 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,iii41 #ii-aaj2 ,c5tury1 #bff-bhe4 ,= 8 critical prose1 read ,an ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy 7,/runk's edition ( ,dryd5's ,essays on ! ,drama74 ,= selections see ,craik1 ,,iii41 #adh-aed2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #adf-afc2 ,c5tury1 #bgf-bhe4 ,:at is ! *ief subject matt] ( ,dryd5's v]se8 ,po9t out typical qualities 9 8 argum5tative & satiric v]se4 ,give def9ite in/ances ( 8 p[] 9 argum5t & satire4 ,:y is 8 prose call$ mod]n8 ,po9t out "s ( its qualities4 ,defoe4--,read or r]ead ,rob9son ,crusoe & po9t out :]e he specially %[s ! skill ( ! j\rnali/ 9 ! pres5tation ( 8 facts4 ,c y select passages t %[ ! ju/ice ( ! criticism8 ,h[ w\ld ! int]e/ 9 ! /ory h be5 affect$1 _h ,defoe1 l ! au?or ( ,swiss ,family ,rob9son1 caus$ ! %ipwreck to occur on an isl& :]e tropical fruits w\ld h r5d]$ unnecess>y ,crusoe's labor to secure food8 ,swift4--,caik's ,engli% ,prose ,selections1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 pp4 #cia-dbd1 conta9s repres5tative selections f ,swift's prose4 ,! be/ ( ^! are ,! ,philosophy ( ,clo!s1 f ,a ,tale ( a ,tub 7,craik1 ,,iii41 #cih72 ,a ,digression conc]n+ ,critics1 f ! same 7,craik1 ,,iii41 #djj72 ,! ,emp]or ( ,lilliput 7,craik1 ,,iii41 #dag7 & ,! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag 7,craik1 ,,iii41 #dai71 f ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,selections may be f\nd also 9 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #ahd-aih2 ,ox=d ,treasury1 ,,iii41 #abe-abi2 ,c5tury1 #bii-cbc4 ,is ,swift's a good prose /yle8 ,does he use ornam5t8 ,c y f9d a passage :]e he /rives aft] effect8 ,9 :at respects d ! subjects :i* he *ooses & 8 mann] ( treat+ !m %[ ! _s ( ! age8 ,:y is ,gulliv]'s ,travels s popul>8 ,:at are ! mo/ important lessons :i* a "y writ] may le>n f ,swift8 ,9 :at is he specially lack+8 ,addison & ,/eele4--,f ! ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s ! /ud5t %\ld n fail to read ,spectator ,no4 #aab1 ,a ,c\ntry ,sunday4 ,he may !n read ,spectator ,no4 #b1 by ,/eele1 :i* sket*es ! ,de ,cov]ley *>act]s1 & comp>e ! /yle & *>act]i/ics ( ! two au?ors4 ,! /ud5t :o has ! "t at ?is po9t %\ld read all ! ,de ,cov]ley ,pap]s 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 ,am]ican ,book ,company74 ,good selections f bo? ,addison & ,/eele may be f\nd 9 ,craik1 ,,iii41 #dfi-ece2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #aih-baf2 ,c5tury1 #cbd-cdi4 ,9 :at did ,addison & ,/eele excel8 ,:at qualities draw s _m read]s to ! ,de ,cov]ley ,pap]s8 ,:y may !y be call$ a prelude to ! mod]n novel8 ,select passages :i* w s]ve to br+ into %>p contra/ ! /yle & humor ( ,swift & ( ,addison4 ,pope4--,read ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock 7pr9t$ ) ! ,essay on ,man 9 ,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 #bj c5ts74 ,selections f ?is are giv5 9 ,w>d1 ,,iii41 #gc-hb4 ,! ,essay on ,man1 ,book ,i4 7,w>d1 ,,iii41 #he-ia71 w s]ve z a specim5 ( 8 didactic v]se4 ,! ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,arbu?not 7,w>d1 ,,iii41 #ajc-aje7 w illu/rate 8 satire1 & ! l9es f ! ,iliad 9 ,w>d1 ,,iii41 #hb1 w %[ ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 translation4 ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock & full selections are giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #hi-add2 ,c5tury1 #cej-cfh2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bbh-bec4 ,h[ does ,pope %[ ! _s ( ! classical s*ool8 ,:at are 8 special m]its & defects8 ,does an exam9ation ( 8 poetry conv9ce y t ,leslie ,/eph5's criticism is "r8 ,select l9es f six great poets ( diff]5t p]iods4 ,place beside ^! selections "s ( ,pope's be/ l9es1 & see if y h a cle>] idea ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 rhetoric & true poetry4 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,vi3 ,footnote #a3 ,essay on ,criticism1 l9es #big1 #bih4 ,footnote #b3 ,= a li/ ( ! *ief dramati/s ( ! ,re/oration & _! be/ "w1 see p4 #fbf4 ,footnote #c3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #ej4 ,footnote #d3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,vii3 ,,! ,,second ,,=ty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury1 #agdj-aghj ,! ,colonial ,expansion ( ,engl&4--,! mo/ important movem5ts 9 ,engli% hi/ory dur+ ! second =ty ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury are connect$ ) colonial expansion4 ,9 #agci friction betwe5 ,engl& & ,spa9 ov] colonial trade =c$ ,rob]t ,walpole1 ! prime m9i/]1 into a w> :i* 0 n successfully prosecut$1 & :i* compell$ him to resign 9 #agdb4 ,! humor\s /atem5t t he abdicat$1 conta9s a l>ge elem5t ( tru?1 = he _h be5 a mu* m important rul] ?an ! k+4 ,! conte/ ) ,spa9 0 m]g$ 9 ! unpr(itable w> ( ! ,au/rian ,succession 7#agdj-aggh71 9 :i* ,engl& p>ticipat$4 ,! successors ( ,walpole 7 weak & ineffici5t2 b 9 #ageg ,william ,pitt1 ! ,eld] 7#agjh-aggh71 al?\gh m]ely secret>y ( /ate1 obta9$ ! asc5dancy 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,walpole _h tri$ 9 va9 to bribe ,pitt1 :o 0 9 politics ! c\nt]p>t ( ,wesley 9 religi\s life4 ,pitt appeal$ to ! patriotism & to ! s5se ( honor ( 8 c\ntrym51 & 8 appeal 0 he>d4 ,8 en?usiasm & integrity1 c\pl$ ) good judgm5t ( m51 enabl$ him to lead ,engl& to become ! =emo/ p[] ( ! _w4 ,france _h manag$ h] colonial affairs 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,india s well t x seem$ z if %e might 9 bo? places displace ,engl&4 ,pitt1 h[ev]1 select$ good lead]s & plann$ a compreh5sive me?od ( w>f>e aga9/ ,france1 bo? 9 ,europe & 9 ! colonies4 ,betwe5 #agej & #agfj ,clive 0 mak+ ,great ,brita9 mi/ress ( ! va/ empire ( ,india4 ,! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w> 7#aged-agfj7 9 ,am]ica result$ 9 favor ( ,engl&4 ,9 #agei ,wolfe %att]$ ! p[] ( ,france 9 ,canada1 :i* has s9ce rema9$ an ,engli% colony4 ,engl& 0 exp&+ to ! ea/w>d & ! we/w>d & tak+ h] lit]ature ) h]4 ,z ,wolfe advanc$ on ,quebec1 he 0 read+ ,gray's ,elegy4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury ,engl& own$ "o half ( ! isl& ( ,great ,brita9 & a few colonial settlem5ts4 ,n until #agjg 7 ,engl& & ,scotl& unit$4 ,9 #agfc ,engl& _h va/ dom9ions 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & ,india4 ,%e _h become ! greate/ colonial p[] 9 ! _w4 ,! ,new ,religi\s ,influ5ce4--,engl& c\ld n h tak5 su* a comm&+ position unless ! patriotism & morals ( h] citiz5s _h improv$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 ,! *ur* _h become too lukew>m & respectable to br+ 9 ! masses1 :o saw m to attract !m 9 tav]ns & places ( public amusem5t4 ,:5 religi\s influ5ce 0 at ! l[e/ ebb1 two eloqu5t prea*]s1 ,john ,wesley & ,george ,:itefield1 />t$ a movem5t :i* is /ill ga!r+ =ce4 ,wesley did n ask 8 audi5ce to li/5 to a s]mon on ! favorite bloodless ab/ractions ( ! eighte5?-c5tury pulpit1 su* z ,*>ity1 ,fai?1 ,duty1 ,hol9ess1 --ab/ractions :i* nev] mov$ a human be+ an in* heav5w>d4 ,8 s]mons 7 emotional4 ,!y dealt l>gely ) ! emotion ( love1--,god's love = man4 ,he did n ask 8 li/5]s to engage 9 intellectual disquisitions ab\t ! aspects ( inf9ity3 ,he did n prea* free-w metaphysics or tr\ble 8 he>]s ) a satisfactory philosophical acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( evil4 ,he spoke ab\t ?+s t rea*$ n only ! und]/&+ b also ! feel+s ( pla9 m54 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,:itefield 0 prea*+ to ! m9]s ne> ,bri/ol4 ,z he eloqu5tly told !m ! /ory ( salvation he br\ght te>s to ! eyes ( ^! rude m5 & made _m resolve to lead bett] lives4 ,?is religi\s awak5+ may h be5 accompani$ ) too mu* appeal to ! feel+s & unheal?y emotional excitem5t2 b "s vigor\s movem5t 0 absolutely necess>y to quick5 ! spiritual life ( a decad5t age4 ,! ,am]ican ,revolution4--,! second =ty ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury witness$ ano!r movem5t ( great importance to ! _w1--! revolt ( ! ,am]ican colonies 7#agge74 ,:5 ,george ,,iii4 7#agfj-ahbj7 came to ! ?rone1 he det]m9$ to be ! real rul] ( 8 k+dom1--to comb9e 9 himself ! (fices ( k+1 prime m9i/]1 & cab9et4 ,he und]took to co]ce public op9ion at home & abroad4 ,he repeat$ly (f5d$ ! ,am]ican colonies by attempts to tax !m & to regulate _! trade4 ,!y rebell$ 9 #agge & sign$ _! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 9 #aggf4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 & ) ! help ( ,france1 !y a*iev$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,! battle ( ,yorkt[n 7#agha71 won by ,wa%+ton & ! ,fr5* navy1 0 ! la/ important battle ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,9 spite ( h] great loss1 ,engl& /ill reta9$ ,canada & h] ,we/ ,india possessions & rema9$ ! fir/ colonial p[]4 ,,*ange ,,9 ,,lit]>y ,,/&>ds3 ,,romanticism ,:at is ,romanticism8--,9 ord] to compreh5d ! dom9at+ _s ( ! next age1 x is important to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! romantic movem5t4 ,betwe5 #agdj & #aghj c]ta9 romantic influ5ces 7 at "w 9 opposition to ! tea*+ ( ! great classical writ]1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 :o 0 almo/ ! lit]>y dictator ( ! age4 ,! be/ %ort def9ition ( romanticism is t ( ,victor ,hugo1 :o calls x lib]alism 9 lit]ature4 ,?is has ! m]it ( cov]+ all k9ds ( romantic movem5ts4 ,lib]alism "h means tol]ation ( dep>tures f fix$ /&>ds1 su* z ! classical c\plet & didactic & satiric subjects4 ,romanticism is *>act]iz$ by less reg>d = =m ?an = matt]1 by a return to nature1 & by enc\ragem5t ( deep emotion4 ,romanticism says3 ,be lib]al en\gh n to sne] at au?ors :5 !y disc>d n>r[ rules4 ,welcome a *ange & see if v>iety & feel+ w n add m int]e/ to lit]ature4 ,9 ?is p]iod & ! f> m glori\s "o t foll[$1 romanticism made its influ5ce felt = ! bett] 9 f\r diff]5t ways4 ,an und]/&+ ( ea* ( ^! w make u m intellig5t critics4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! romantic _s is oppos$ to ! prosaic4 ,! romantic ye>ns = ! light t nev] 0 on sea or l& & longs to atta9 ! unfulfill$ ambitions ( ! s\l1 ev5 :5 ^! 9 full measure are n possible4 ,sometimes ^! ambitions are s unrelat$ to ! possible t ! romantic has 9 c]ta9 usage become synonym\s ) ! impractical or ! absurd2 b ?is is n its mean+ 9 lit]ature4 ,! romantic may n always be ( imag9ation all compact1 b x has a t5d5cy 9 t direction4 ,to ! romantici/s a reality ( ! imag9ation is z satisfy+ z a reality ( ! prosaic reason2 h5ce1 unlike ! classici/s1 ! romantici/s c enjoy ,! ,tempe/ & ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream4 ,! imag9ation is ! only p[] t c grasp ! unse54 ,any movem5ts t /imulate imag9ative activity mu/ give ! individual m po9ts ( contact ) ! "p ( ! _w t does n obtrude itself on ! physical s5ses1 & especially ) _m facts ( exi/5ce t cold intellectual activity c nev] compreh5d4 ,h5ce1 romanticism leads to great] bread? ( view4 ,9 ! second place1 ! romantic is ! opposite ( ! hackney$4 ,h5ce1 too mu* repetition may take away a necess>y quality f :at 0 once consid]$ romantic4 ,! epi!ts ivory & rav51 :5 appli$ to br[ & to tresses1 respectively1 7 at fir/ romantic2 b mu* repetition has depriv$ !m ( ?is quality4 ,if an age is to be consid]$ romantic1 x mu/ look at ?+s f a po9t ( view some:at diff]5t f t ( ! age imm$iately prec$+4 ,?is *ange may be ei!r 9 ! "* ( ! ?\ght or 9 ! mann] ( its pres5tation1 or 9 bo?4 ,an example ( ! =mal elem5t ( *ange :i* appe>$1 consi/s 9 ! sub/itution ( blank v]se & ! ,sp5s]ian /anza = ! classical c\plets ( ! ,fr5* s*ool4 ,9 ! next age1 we %all f9d t ! subject matt] is no long] *iefly ( ! satiric or ! didactic type4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! highe/ type ( romanticism enc\rages ea* au?or to express himself 9 an individual way1 to color ! _w accord+ to 8 own moods4 ,?is individual elem5t (t5 appe>s 9 ! ideals t we fa%ion & 9 our *>act]i/ic conceptions ( ! spiritual significance ( ! _w & its deepe/ realities4 ,two writ]s ( ?is p]iod by inve/+ nature ) a _s ( melan*oly illu/rate "o ( ! _m ways 9 :i* romantic ?\ght seeks individuality ( expression4 ,9 ! f\r? place1 ! romantic movem5t enc\rag$ ! portrayal ( broad] exp]i5ces & especially ! expression ( deep] feel+4 ,! mid-eighte5? c5tury novels ( ,ri*>dson & ,field+ 7 /rong ag5cies 9 ?is direction2 & !y 7 foll[$ 9 ! next age by ! ev5 m int5se appeal ( ! great romantic poets to ^? ?\ghts & feel+s t lie too deep = te>s4 ,! classic s*ool %unn$ z vulg> all exhibitions ( en?usiasm & /rong emotion1 su* z ! love ( ,juliet & ! jeal\sy ( ,o!llo2 b ! romantici/s1 kn[+ t ! feel+s _h z mu* value & p[] z ! intellect1 enc\rag$ _! expression4 ,sometimes ?is t5d5cy 0 c>ri$ to an extreme1 bo? 9 fiction & 9 ! s5tim5tal drama2 b x 0 necess>y = romanticism to call att5tion to ! fact t great lit]ature _c neglect ! _w ( feel+4 ,e>ly ,romantic ,influ5ces4--,! read] & imitators ( ! great romantic poet1 ,edmund ,sp5s]1 7 gr[+ 9 numb]4 ,previ\s to #agej1 !re 0 only "o eighte5?-c5tury edition ( ,sp5s]'s works publi%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #ageh ?ree editions ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e appe>$ & *>m$ read]s ) ! romantic en*antm5t ( b[]s1 /reams1 d>k =e/s1 & adv5tures ( h]oic knights4 ,james ,?omson 7#agjj-agdh71 a ,scot* poet1 us$ ! *>act]i/ic ,sp5s]ian =m & subject matt] = 8 romantic poem1 ,! ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce 7#agdh74 ,he plac$ 8 ca/le 9 ,sp5s] l&3-- ,a pleas+ l& ( dr[sy-head x 01 ,( dreams t wave be=e ! half-%ut eye2 ,& ( gay ca/les 9 ! cl\ds t pass1 ,=ev] flu%+ r\nd a summ] sky4 ,! influ5ce ( ,%akespe>e increas$4 ,9 #agda ! great actor ,david ,g>rick captivat$ ,london by 8 pres5tation ( ,%akespe>e's plays4 ,milton's poetry1 especially 8 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ) its individual expression ( melan*oly1 its /udi\s _s1 comm]c+ ) ! skies & br++ all ,heav5 be=e ! eyes1 left a /rong impress on ! romantic _s ( ! age4 ,! subject matt] ( 8 ,p>adise ,lo/ satisfi$ ! romantic requirem5t = /rang5ess & /rong feel+4 ,9 ! =m ( 8 v]se1 ,james ,?omson %[s ! influ5ce ( ,milton z well z ( ,sp5c]4 ,?omson's greate/ a*ievem5t is ,! ,seasons 7#agcj71 a romantic poem1 writt5 9 ,miltonic blank v]se4 ,he takes u :]e-- ,! haw?orn :it5s2 & ! juicy groves ,put =? _! buds4 ,he 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ poets to place ,nature 9 ! =egr\nd1 to make h] ! *ief actor4 ,he rev]ses :at _h be5 ! usual poetic attitude & makes 8 lov]s1 %eph]ds1 & h>ve/]s s]ve l>gely z a backgr\nd = ! reflection ( h] moods in/ead ( _! own4 ,! spr+ %[]1 ! gu/s sweep+ ov] fields ( corn1 ! sky sadd5$ ) ! ga!r+ /orm ( sn[1 are ! v fabric ( 8 v]se4 ,unlike ,wordswor?1 ,?omson _h n suffici5t g5ius to inve/ ,nature ) an intellig5t1 lov+1 companionable s\l2 b 8 pictures ( h] 7 suffici5tly novel & attractive to cause su* a classici/ & lov] ( ! t[n z ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson to say3-- ,! read] ( ,! ,seasons wond]s t he nev] saw be=e :at ,?omson %[s him1 & t he nev] yet has felt :at ,?omson impresses4 ,ossian & ,! ,ca/le ( ,otranto4--,two contempor>y works prov$ a romantic influ5ce out ( all proportion to ! wor? ( _! subject matt]4 ,betwe5 #agfj & #agfd ,james ,macph]son1 a ,highl& s*oolma/]1 publi%$ a s]ies ( poems1 :i* he claim$ to h translat$ f an old manuscript1 ! "w ( ,ossian1 a ,gaelic poet ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,?is s-call$ translation 9 prose may h be5 =g$ ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p2 b ! weirdness1 /range imag]y1 melan*oly1 & o!r-_w talk ( gho/s rid+ on ! tempe/ at nightfall1 _h a pron\nc$ effect on romantic lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horace ,,walpole4 ,! ,ca/le ( ,otranto3 ,a ,go?ic ,romance 7#agfe7 by ,horace ,walpole 7#agag-agig7 tells a /ory ( a ,go?ic ca/le :]e my/]i\s labyr9?s & trap doors lead to ! /range/ adv5tures4 ,! t]m ,go?ic _h be5 contemptu\sly appli$ to :atev] 0 m$ieval or out ( date1 :e!r 9 ar*itecture1 lit]ature1 or any =m ( art4 ,! unusual improbabilities ( ?is ,go?ic romance 7 welcom$ by read]s we>y ( commonplace works :]e no?+ ev] happ5s4 ,! influ5ce ( ,! ,ca/le ( ,otranto 0 ev5 felt across ! ,atlantic1 by ,*>les ,brockd5 ,br[n 7#agga-ahaj71 ! e>ly ,am]ican noveli/4 ,"s less pron\nc$ traces ( su* influ5ce are disc]nible also 9 ! "w ( ,edg> ,allan ,poe & ,na?aniel ,haw?orne4 ,mrs4 ,anne ,radcliffe 7#agfd-ahbc7 0 a successor ( ,walpole 9 ! field ( ,go?ic romance4 ,h] /ories1 ,! ,romance ( ! ,=e/ & ,! ,my/]ies ( ,udolpho1 h _! ca/le & _! ?rill+1 unnatural episodes4 ,lack ( portrayal ( "* & excess ( sup]natural incid5t 7 caus+ fiction to suff] sev]e det]ioration4 ,p]cy's ,reliques & ,translation ( ,mallet's ,nor!rn ,antiquities4--,9 #agfe ,?omas ,p]cy 7#agbi-ahaa7 publi%$ ,! ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,engli% ,poetry1 an epo*-mak+ "w 9 ! hi/ory ( ! romantic movem5t4 ,! ,reliques is a collection ( old ,engli% ballads & songs1 _m ( :i* h a romantic /ory to tell4 ,scott drew inspiration f !m1 & ,wordswor? ackn[l$g$ 8 indebt$ness to _! influ5ce4 ,s important 0 ?is collection t x has be5 call$ ! ,bible ( ! ,romantic ,re=mation4 ,9 #aggj appe>$ ,p]cy's translation ( ,mallet's ,nor!rn ,antiquities4 ,= ! fir/ "t ! ,engli% _w 0 giv5 an easily accessible volume :i* disclos$ ! ,norse my?ology 9 all its /r5g? & weirdness4 ,z classical my?ology _h become hackney$1 poets l ,gray rejoic$ t !re 0 a new f\nta9 to :i* !y c\ld turn4 ,?or & 8 inv9cible hamm]1 ! ,fro/ ,giants1 ,bifro/ or ! ,ra9b[ ,bridge1 ,od91 ! ,valkyries1 ,valhal1 ! sad /ory ( ,baldur1 & ! ,twilight ( ! ,gods1 h appeal$ /rongly to a race :i* takes pride 9 its own my?ology1 to a race :i* today loves to he> ,wagn]'s translation ( ^! my?s into ! music ( ,die ,walkre1 ,siegfri$1 & ,gtt]dmm]ung4 ,?omas ,*att]ton1 #aggb-aggj4--,?is ,bri/ol boy 0 e>ly 9 8 te5s impress$ ) ,p]cy's ,reliques & ) ! fact t ,macph]son's claim to hav+ discov]$ ,ossian 9 old manuscripts _h made him fam\s4 ,*att]ton sp5t mu* "t 9 ! int]e/+ old *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ,r$cliffe1 ( :i* 8 ance/ors _h be5 sextons = sev]al g5]ations4 ,he /udi$ ! manuscripts 9 an old *e/ & began to write a s]ies ( poems1 :i* he claim$ to h discov]$ among ! p>*m5ts left by ,?omas ,r[ley1 a fifte5?-c5tury monk4 ,*att]ton 0 unsuccessful 9 f9d+ a publi%]1 & he det]m9$ to g to ,london1 :]e he ?\ght t1 l o!r au?ors1 he c\ld live by 8 p54 ,9 ,april1 #aggj1 at ! age ( sev5te51 he left ,bri/ol = ,london1 :]e he took poison 9 ,augu/ ( ! same ye> to escape a sl[] dea? by />vation4 ,8 romantic poetry & pa!tic end appeal$ to all ! great poets4 ,wordswor? spoke ( him z ! m>vel\s boy2 ,col]idge call$ him "y-ey$ ,poesy2 ,%elley honor$ him 9 ,adonais2 & ,keats inscrib$ ,endymion to 8 memory4 ,traces ( 8 influ5ce may be f\nd 9 ,col]idge & ,keats4 ,! greate/ *>m ( ,*att]ton's v]se appe>s 9 unusual epi!ts & unexpect$ poetic turns1 su*1 = in/ance1 z may be not$ 9 ^! l9es f 8 be/ ,r[ley poem1 ,aella1 a ,tragycal ,ent]lude3-- ,sweet 8 tongue z ! ?ro/le's note2 ,quick 9 dance z ?\ght c be4 ,h>k6 ! rav5 flaps 8 w+ ,9 ! bri>'d dell bel[2 ,h>k6 ! dea?-owl l\d do? s+1 ,to ! night-m>es z !y g4 ,:ile ,*att]ton did n leave en\gh v]se ( surpass+ m]it to rank him z a great poet1 8 "w nev]!less entitles him to be *os5 f among all 8 boyi% pe]s to receive ! laurel wrea? = song4 ,! ,lit]ature ( ,melan*oly4--,! *oice ( subjects 9 :i* ! emotion ( melan*oly 0 giv5 full sway %[s "o direction tak5 by ! romantic movem5t4 ,"h1 ! influ5ce ( ,milton's ,il ,p5s]oso c (t5 be trac$4 ,! exquisite ,ode to ,ev5+1 by ,william ,coll9s 7#agba-agei71 %[s ! love = nature's solitudes :]e ?is emotion may be nurs$4 ,l9es l ^!3-- 444be m9e ! hut1 ,t1 f ! m\nta9's side1 ,views wilds & swell+ floods1 ,& hamlets br[n1 & dim-discov]$ spires2 ,& he>s _! simple bell2 & m>ks o'er all ,?y dewy f+]s draw ,! gradual dusky veil1 caus$ ,sw9burne to say3 ,corot on canvas might h sign$ 8 ,ode to ,ev5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,gray4 ,! high-wat] m>k ( ! poetry ( melan*oly ( ?is p]iod 0 rea*$ 9 ,?omas ,gray's 7#agaf-agga7 ,elegy ,writt5 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d 7#agea74 ,! poet ) great art select$ ^? natural ph5om5a :i* ca/ additional gloom ^u ! sc5e4 ,we may notice 9 ! v fir/ /anza t ! images 7 *os5 ) ?is end 9 view3-- ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day1 ,! l[+ h]d w9ds sl[ly o'er ! lea1 ,! pl[man homew>d plods 8 we>y way1 ,& leaves ! _w to d>kness & to me ,!n we li/5 to ! dron+ flight ( ! beetle1 to ! dr[sy t9kl+s f a di/ant fold1 to ! mop+ owl 9 an ivy-mantl$ t[]4 ,ea* natural object1 ei!r directly or by contra/1 reflects ! m9d ( man4 ,nature s]ves z a backgr\nd = ! display ( emotion4 ,gosse says 9 8 ,life ( ,gray3 ,! ,elegy has ex]cis$ an influ5ce on all ! poetry ( ,europe1 f ,d5m>k to ,italy1 f ,france to ,russia4 ,) ! exception ( c]ta9 works ( ,byron & ,%akespe>e1 no ,engli% poem has be5 s widely admir$ & imitat$ abroad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/oke ,,poges ,,*ur*y>d 7,,sc5e ,,( ,,gray',s ,,elegy74 ,! ,conflict betwe5 ,romanticism & ,classicism4--,! influ5ces ( ?is p]iod 7 n entirely 9 ! direction ( romanticism4 ,samuel ,johnson1 ! lit]>y dictator ( ! age1 0 unsp>+ 9 8 condemnation ( ! movem5t4 ,! weight ( 8 op9ion kept _m romantic t5d5cies 9 *eck4 ,ev5 au?ors l ,gray 7 afraid to adopt ! new cre$ 9 its entirety4 ,9 "o /anza ( 8 ,hymn to ,adv]sity we f9d f\r capitaliz$ ab/ractions1 aft] ! mann] ( ! classical s*ool3 ,folly1 ,noise1 ,laught]1 ,prosp]ity2 & ! foll[+ two lay figures1 little bett] ?an ab/ractions3-- ,! summ] ,fri5d1 ! flatt]+ ,foe4 ,^! ab/ractions h little w>m? or human int]e/4 ,aft] ,gray _h /udi$ ! ,norse my?ology1 we f9d him us+ su* /rong expressions z iron-sleet ( arr[y %[]4 ,coll9s's ode on ,! ,passions conta9s sev5te5 p]sonifi$ ab/ractions1 f pale ,melan*oly to br[n ,ex]cise4 ,! conflict betwe5 ^! two s*ools cont9ues2 & _m p /ill ?9k t any poetry :i* %[s poli%$ regul>ity mu/ be excell5t4 ,to prove ?is /atem5t1 we h only to turn to ! magaz9es & glance at ! curr5t poetry1 :i* (t5 consi/s ( words r artificially /rung toge!r )\t ! s\l ( feel+ or ( ?\ght4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,mod]n ,,novel ,! ,gr[? ( ,prose ,fiction4--,au!ntic hi/ory does n take u back to ! "t :5 human be+s 7 n solac$ by tales4 ,! ,bible conta9s /ories ( m>k$ int]e/4 ,be[ulf1 ! m$ieval romances1 ! ,cant]bury ,tales1 & ! ballads relate /ories 9 v]se4 ,= a long "t ! knight & 8 adv5tures held ! place ( honor 9 fiction2 b ! "t came :5 improbable or impossible a*ievem5ts began to pall4 ,! knight :o meets ) all k9ds ( adv5tures & rescues ev]ybody1 is admirably burlesqu$ 9 ,don ,quixote by ! ,spani% au?or ,c]vantes1 :i* appe>$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is _w-fam\s romance %[s by its ridicule t ! ta/e = ! impossible adv5tures ( *ivalry 0 beg9n+ to pall4 ,! foll[+ title to "o ( ! *apt]s ( ,don ,quixote is suffici5tly sugge/ive3 ,*apt] ,,lviii4--,:i* tells h[ ,adv5tures came cr[d+ on ,don ,quixote 9 ,su* ,numb]s t !y gave him ,no ,brea?+ ,"t4 ,mu* prose fiction 0 writt5 dur+ ! ,elizabe?an ,age4 ,we h se5 t ,lyly's ,euphues & ,sidney's ,arcadia conta9 ! g]ms ( romance4 ,two ( ! noveli/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,rob]t ,gre5e 7#aefj8-aeib7 & ,?omas ,lodge 7#aeeh8-afbe71 help$ to give to ,%akespe>e ! plots ( two ( 8 plays4 ,gre5e's novel ,p&o/o sugge/$ ! plot ( ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 & ,lodge's ,rosal9d 0 ! imm$iate s\rce ( ! plot ( ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,al?\gh ,gre5e di$ 9 want at ! age ( ?irty-two1 he 0 ! mo/ prolific ( ! ,elizabe?an noveli/s4 ,8 mo/ popul> /ories deal ) ! passion ( love z well z ) adv5ture4 ,he 0 also ! pione] ( ^? reali/ic noveli/s :o g among ! slums to /udy life at fir/ h&4 ,gre5e made a c>eful /udy ( ! %>p]s & rascals ( ,london & publi%$ 8 obs]vations 9 a s]ies ( reali/ic pamphlets4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bl9d ,,begg> ,,robb$ ,,( ,,8 ,,dr9k4 ,f a ,briti% ,museum ,,ms4 ,?omas ,na%e 7#aefg-afja7 0 ! "o :o introduc$ into ,engl& ! pic>esque novel 9 ,! ,un=tunate ,travell]1 or ! ,life ( ,jacke ,wilton 7#aeid74 ,! pic>esque novel 7,spani%1 pic>o1 a rogue7 is a /ory ( adv5ture 9 :i* rascally tricks play a prom95t "p4 ,?is type ( fiction came f ,spa9 & atta9$ great popul>ity 9 ,engl&4 ,jacke ,wilton is page to a noble h\se4 ,_m ( 8 %>p tricks 7 d\btless drawn f real life4 ,na%e is a wor?y pr$ecessor ( ,defoe 9 n>rat+ adv5tures t seem to be f\nd$ on actual life4 ,9 spite ( an increas+ t5d5cy to picture ! life ( ! "t1 ,elizabe?an prose fiction did n entirely disc>d ! matt] & /yle ( ! m$ieval romances4 ,all types ( prose fiction 7 !n too prone to deal ) exceptional *>act]s or unusual ev5ts4 ,ev5 reali/s l ,gre5e did n pres5t typical ,elizabe?an life4 ,! greate/ reali/ 9 ! prose fiction ( ! ,elizabe?an ,age 0 ,?omas ,deloney 7#aedc8-afjj71 :o *ose 8 mat]ials f ! ev]yday life ( common p4 ,he _h be5 a travel+ artisan1 & he knew h[ to pa9t ! life & love ( ! ,elizabe?an work%op4 ,he wrote ,! ,g5tle ,craft1 a collection ( tales ab\t %oemak]s1 & ,jack ( ,newb]ry1 a /ory ( a weav]4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury produc$ ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 a p[]ful allegorical /ory ( ! j\rney ( a s\l t[>d ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,mrs4 ,aphra ,behn 7#afdj-afhi71 dramati/ & noveli/1 %[s ! faults ( ! ,re/oration drama 9 h] %ort tales1 :i* help$ to prep>e ! way = ! noveli/s ( ! next c5tury4 ,h] be/ /ory is ,oroonoko 7#afeh71 a tale ( an ,african slave1 :i* has be5 call$ ! fir/ humanit>ian novel 9 ,engli%1 & a pr$ecessor ( ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94 ,fiction 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4--,defoe's ,rob9son ,crusoe %[s a great advance ov] prec$+ fiction4 ,9 ! h&s ( ,defoe1 fiction became z natural z fact4 ,leslie ,/eph5 rightly calls 8 /ories simple hi/ory m9us ! facts4 ,swift's ,gulliv]'s ,travels 7#agbf7 is artfully plann$ to make its impossibilities seem l facts4 ,rob9son ,crusoe took ano!r =w>d /ep 9 %[+ h[ circum/ances & environm5t react on "* & develop ! p[] to grapple ) difficulties & ov]come !m4 ,unlike ! majority ( mod]n novels1 ,defoe's ma/]piece does n conta9 a love /ory4 ,! essay ( life & mann]s at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury pres5ts u at once ) v>i\s pigm5ts necess>y = ! palette ( ! noveli/4 ,/ud5ts on turn+ to ! second numb] ( ,! ,spectator w f9d sket*es ( six diff]5t types ( "*1 :i* are wor?y to be fram$ & hung 9 a p]man5t gall]y ( ,engli% fiction4 ,! portrait ( ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley may ev5 claim "o ( ! places ( honor on ! walls4 ,di/9ction betwe5 ! ,romance & ! ,mod]n ,novel4--,! romances & tales ( adv5ture :i* _h be5 s long 9 vogue diff] widely f ! mod]n novel4 ,_m ( !m pay b little att5tion to probability2 b ^? :i* d n (f5d 9 ?is respect g5]ally rely on a succession ( /irr+ incid5ts to secure att5tion4 ,novels %[+ ! analytic skill ( ,?ack]ay's ,vanity ,fair1 or ! developm5t ( "* 9 ,george ,eliot's ,silas ,m>n] w\ld h be5 little read 9 competition ) /irr+ tales ( adv5ture1 if su* novels _h appe>$ be=e a ta/e = !m _h be5 develop$ by habits ( tra9$ obs]vation & ?\ght4 ,we may broadly diff]5tiate ! romance f ! mod]n novel by say+ t ! romance deals prim>ily ) incid5t & adv5ture = _! own sake1 :ile ! novel conc]ns itself ) ^! only 9 s f> z !y are necess>y = a fai?ful picture ( life or = %[+ ! developm5t ( "*4 ,aga91 ! novel gave a mu* m prom95t position to t important class ( human be+s :o d ! mo/ ( ! _w's "w1--a type t ! romance _h be5 incl9$ to neglect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel ,,ri*>dson4 ,f an orig9al draw+4 ,samuel ,ri*>dson1 ! ,fir/ ,mod]n ,engli% ,noveli/4--,samuel ,ri*>dson 7#afhi-agfa7 0 born 9 ,d]by%ire4 ,:5 he 0 only ?irte5 ye>s old "s ( ! "y wom5 ( ! neighborhood unconsci\sly began to tra9 him = a noveli/ by employ+ him to conduct _! love correspond5ce4 ,?is tra9+ p>tly acc\nts = ! fact t e "o ( 8 novels is m]ely a collection ( lett]s1 writt5 by ! *ief *>act]s to ea* o!r & to _! fri5ds1 to n>rate ! progress ( ev5ts4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 ,ri*>dson w5t to ,london & le>n$ ! pr9t]'s trade1 :i* he foll[$ = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t fifty ye>s old1 "s publi%]s ask$ him to prep>e a lett] writ] :i* w\ld be useful to c\ntry p & to o!rs :o c\ld n express !mselves ) a p54 ,! idea occurr$ to him ( mak+ ^! lett]s tell a connect$ /ory4 ,! result 0 ! fir/ mod]n novel1 ,pamela1 publi%$ 9 f\r volumes 9 #agdj4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 9 sev5 volumes1 9 #agdg-dh1 & ?is by ,sir ,*>les ,gr&ison1 9 sev5 volumes1 9 #agec4 ,! affairs 9 ! lives ( ! lead+ *>act]s are s m9utely dissect$1 ! plot is evolv$ s sl[ly & 9 a way s unlike ! a/oni%+ b\nds ( ! old romance1 t "o is tempt$ to say t ,ri*>dson's novels progress m]e sl[ly ?an ev5ts 9 life4 ,"o secret ( 8 success dep5ds on ! fact t we feel t he is deeply int]e/$ 9 all 8 *>act]s4 ,he is z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! h]o9e ( 8 ma/]piece1 ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 z if %e 7 8 own daught]4 ,he has ! rem>kable p[] ( s ?or\ghly id5tify+ himself ) 8 *>act]s t1 aft] we are introduc$ to !m1 we c "n !m :5 we he> selections read f _! lett]s4 ,! l5g? & sl[ developm5t ( 8 novels repel mod]n read]s1 b !re 0 s little g5u9ely int]e/+ matt] 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury t _m 7 sorry 8 novels 7 no long]4 ,! novelty ( productions ( ?is type also add$ to _! int]e/4 ,8 _m faults are l>gely ^? ( 8 age4 ,he we>ies 8 read]s ) 8 didactic aims4 ,he is n>r[ & prosy4 ,he poses z a great morali/1 b he tea*es ! morality ( direct utility4 ,! drama & ! romance _h help$ to prep>e ! way = ! novel ( ev]yday dome/ic life4 ,:ile ?is way seem$ simple1 natural1 & inevitable1 ,ri*>dson 0 ! fir/ to travel 9 x4 ,defoe _h inve/$ fictiti\s adv5ture ) reality4 ,ri*>dson transf]r$ ! real human life ar\nd him to ! pages ( fiction4 ,! asc5dancy ( ,fr5* influ5ce 0 notewor?y = a consid]able p]iod aft] ! ,re/oration4 ,engl& c\ld n[ repay "s ( h] debt4 ,ri*>dson ex]t$ p[]ful influ5ce on ! lit]ature ( ,france z well z on t ( o!r cont95tal nations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,field+4 ,f ! orig9al sket* by ,hog>?4 ,h5ry ,field+1 #agjg-aged4--,! greate/ noveli/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & "o ( ! greate/ t ,engl& ev] produc$1 0 ,h5ry ,field+1 :o 0 born 9 ,%>pham ,p>k1 ,som]set%ire4 ,aft] graduat+ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 he became a playwright1 a lawy]1 a judge ( a police c\rt1 &1 mo/ important ( all1 a noveli/1 or a hi/orian ( society1 z he pref]r$ to /yle himself4 ,:5 ,ri*>dson's ,pamela appe>$1 ,field+ det]m9$ to write a /ory c>icatur+ its morality & s5tim5t1 :i* he consid]$ hypocritical4 ,be=e he _h gone v f> he discov]$ :]e 8 abilities lay1 &1 ab&on+ 8 n>r[1 satiric aims1 he wrote ,joseph ,&rews 7#agdb71 a novel f> m int]e/+ ?an ,pamela4 ,jona?an ,wild ! ,great 7#agdc7 tells ! /ory ( a rogue :o 0 f9ally hang$4 ,9 #agdi appe>$ ,field+'s ma/]piece1 ,tom ,jones1 & 9 #agea 8 la/ novel1 ,amelia4 ,ri*>dson lacks humor1 b ,field+ is "o ( ! greate/ humori/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,field+ is also a ma/] ( plot4 ,f all lit]ature1 ,col]idge select$1 = p]fection ( plot1 ,! ,al*emi/1 ,o$ipus ,tyrannus1 & ,tom ,jones4 ,field+'s novels (t5 lack ref9em5t1 b !y palpitate ) life4 ,8 pages pres5t a wond]ful v>iety ( *>act]s1 *os5 f almo/ all walks ( life4 ,he c\ld draw admirable portraits ( wom54 ,?ack]ay says ( ,amelia1 ! h]o9e ( ! novel t be>s h] "n3-- ,to h inv5t$ t "*1 is n only a triumph ( art1 b x is a good action4 ,!y say x 0 9 8 own home t ,field+ knew h] & lov$ h]1 & f 8 own wife t he drew ! mo/ *>m+ "* 9 ,engli% fiction444 ,i admire ! au?or ( ,amelia1 & ?ank ! k9d ma/] :o introduc$ me to t sweet & delightful companion & fri5d4 ,amelia1 p]haps1 is n a bett] /ory ?an ,tom ,jones1 b x has ! bett] e?ics2 ! prodigal rep5ts at lea/ be=e =giv5ess1--:]eas t odi\s broad-back$ ,mr4 ,jones c>ries (f 8 beauty ) sc>ce an int]val ( remorse = 8 manifold errors & %ortcom+s444 ,i am angry ) ,jones4 ,too mu* ( ! plum cake & rew>ds ( life fall to t boi/]\s1 swagg]+ "y scapegrace4#a ,! prodigal to :om ,?ack]ay ref]s is ,capta9 ,boo?1 ! husb& ( ,amelia1 & ,mr4 ,jones is ! h]o ( ,tom ,jones4 ,field+'s wife1 "u ! "n ( ,sophia ,we/]n1 is also ! h]o9e ( ,tom ,jones4 ,x is probable t 9 ! *>act]s ( ,capta9 ,boo? & ,tom ,jones1 ,field+ drew a p>tial portrait ( himself4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 to h *ang$ 9 middle life1 = 8 biograph]1 ,au/9 ,dobson1 says ( him3 ,he 0 a lov+ fa!r & a k9d husb&2 he ex]t$ 8 la/ en]gies 9 philan?ropy & b5evol5ce2 he exp5d$ 8 la/ ink 9 def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,field+ %[s ! eighte5?-c5tury love ( satire4 ,he hates t hypocrisy :i* tries to conceal itself "u a mask ( morality4 ,9 ! evolution ( ! plots ( 8 novels1 he inv>iably puts su* *>act]s 9 positions t te> away _! mask4 ,he displays almo/ savage pleasure 9 mak+ !m ridicul\s4 ,p]haps ! lack ( spirituality ( ! age f9ds ! mo/ ample expression 9 8 pages2 b ,*auc]'s ,p>i% ,prie/ & ,field+'s ,p>son ,adams are typical ( ^? p]si/+ moral =ces t h bequea!d a h]itage ( p[] to ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,laur5ce ,,/]ne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,uncle ,,toby ,,& ,,corporal ,,trim4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tobias ,,smollett4 ,/]ne & ,smollett4--,) ,ri*>dson & ,field+ x is cu/om>y to associate two o!r mid-eighte5? c5tury noveli/s1 ,lawr5ce ,/]ne 7#agac-agfh7 & ,tobias ,smollett 7#agba-agga74 ,betwe5 #agei & #agfg ,/]ne wrote 8 fir/ novel1 ,! ,life & ,op9ions ( ,tri/ram ,%&y1 ,g5tleman1 :i* pres5ts ! delightfully comic & ecc5tric memb]s ( ! ,%&y family1 among :om ,uncle ,toby is ! ma/]piece4 ,9 #agfh ,/]ne gave to ! _w t comp\nd ( fiction1 essays1 & sket*es ( travel kn[n z ,a ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney ?r\gh ,france & ,italy4 ,! adjective s5tim5tal 9 ! title %\ld be specially not$1 = x def9es ,/]ne's attitude t[>d ev]y?+ 9 life4 ,he is habitually s5tim5tal 9 treat+ n only ^? ?+s fitt$ to awak5 deep emotion1 b also ^? trivial incid5ts :i* ord9>ily cause sc>cely a ripple ( feel+4 ,al?\gh he is sometimes a ma/] ( pa?os1 he frequ5tly gives an exhibition ( weak & =c$ s5tim5talism4 ,he m uni=mly excels 9 subtle humor1 :i* is 8 next mo/ conspicu\s *>act]i/ic4 ,rod]ick ,r&om 7#agdh71 ,p]egr9e ,pickle 7#agea71 & ,! ,exp$ition ( ,humphrey ,cl9k] 7#agga7 are ,smollett's be/ novels4 ,!y are compos$ ma9ly ( a succession ( /irr+ or humor\s incid5ts4 ,9 rely+ = int]e/ m on adv5ture ?an on ! draw+ ( "*1 he rev]ts to ! pic>esque type ( /ory4 ,! ,relation ( ,ri*>dson1 ,field+1 ,/]ne1 & ,smollett to ,subsequ5t ,fiction4--,al?\gh ! mod]n read] frequ5tly compla9s t ^! old] noveli/s (t5 seem heavy1 sl[ 9 movem5t1 unref9$1 & too ready to draw a moral or prea* a s]mon1 yet ^! f\r m5 hold an important place 9 ! hi/ory ( fiction4 ,) v>y+ degrees ( excell5ce1 ,ri*>dson1 ,field+1 & ,/]ne all h ! r>e p[] ( portray+ "* f )91 ( int]pret+ real life4 ,"s noveli/s resort to ! f> easi] task ( pa9t+ m]ely ext]nal *>act]i/ics & mann]isms4 ,smollett belongs to ! latt] class4 ,8 effective focus+ ( ext]nal peculi>ities & c>icatur+ ( exceptional individuals has _h a f>-rea*+ influ5ce1 :i* may be trac$ ev5 9 ! "w ( s great a noveli/ z ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,field+1 on ! o!r h&1 _h great influ5ce ( ,?ack]ay1 :o has record$ 9 ,! ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 8 admiration = 8 e>li] fell[-craftsman4 ,al?\gh subsequ5t ,engli% fiction has invad$ _m new fields1 al?\gh x has ent]$ ! doma9 ( hi/ory & ( sociology1 x is n too mu* to say t lat] noveli/s h advanc$ on ! g5]al l9es m>k$ out by ^! f\r mid-eighte5? c5tury pione]s4 ,we may ev5 affirm ) ,gosse t ! type ( novel inv5t$ 9 ,engl& ab\t #agdj-ej cont9u$ = sixty or sev5ty ye>s to be ! only model = ,cont95tal fiction2 & criticism has trac$ 9 e ,fr5* noveli/1 9 p>ticul>1 ! /amp ( ,ri*>dson1 if n ( ,/]ne1 & ( ,field+4 ,,philosophical1 ,,hi/orical1 ,,& ,,political ,,prose ,philosophy4--,al?\gh ! majority ( eighte5?-c5tury writ]s dislik$ speculative ?\ght & resolutely turn$ away f x1 yet ! age produc$ "s rem>kable philosophical works1 :i* are /ill discuss$1 & :i* h p[]fully affect$ lat] ?\ght4 ,david ,hume 7#agaa-aggf7 is ! greate/ metaphysician ( ! c5tury4 ,he took = 8 />t+ po9t ! conclusions ( a contempor>y philosoph]1 ,george ,b]keley 7#afhe-agec74 ,b]keley _h said t ideas are ! only real exi/+ entities1 t matt] is m]ely ano!r t]m = ! ideas 9 ! ,m9d ( ! ,inf9ite & has no exi/5ce outside ( m9d4 ,he ma9ta9$ t if e quality %\ld be tak5 away f matt]1 no matt] w\ld rema92 e4g41 if color1 sweetness1 s\rness1 =m1 & all o!r qualities %\ld be tak5 away f an apple1 !re w\ld be no apple4 ,n[1 a quality is a m5tal repres5tation bas$ on a s5sation1 & ?is quality v>ies z ! s5sation v>ies2 9 o!r words1 ! object is n a /able immutable ?+4 ,x is only a ?+ z ,i p]ceive x4 ,b]keley's ideali/ic position 0 tak5 to cru% a!i/ic mat]ialism4 ,hume attempt$ to re> on ,b]keley's position an impregnable citadel ( skepticism4 ,he accept$ ,b]keley's conclusion t we "k no?+ ( matt]1 & !n attempt$ to %[ t inf]5ces bas$ on ideas might be equally illusory4 ,hume attack$ ! validity ( ! reason+ process itself4 ,he endeavor$ to %[ t !re is no su* ?+ z cause & effect 9 ei!r ! m5tal or ! mat]ial _w4 ,hume's ,treatise ( ,human ,nature 7#agci-agdj71 9 :i* ^! views are /at$1 is "o ( ! _w's epo*-mak+ works 9 philosophy4 ,its conclusion />tl$ ! great ,g]man metaphysician ,kant & r\s$ him to action4 ,! que/ions ?us rais$ by ,hume h nev] be5 answ]$ to ! satisfaction ( all philosoph]s4 ,hume's skepticism is ! mo/ ?or\ghgo+ t ! _w has ev] se52 = he attacks ! c]ta9ty ( our k ( bo? m9d & matt]4 ,b he dryly rem>ks t 8 own d\bts disappe> :5 he leaves 8 /udy4 ,he avoids a runaway horse & inquires ( a fri5d ! way to a c]ta9 h\se 9 ,ed9burgh1 rely+ z mu* on ! evid5ce ( 8 eyes & on ! directions ( 8 fri5d z if ^! philosophic d\bts _h nev] be5 rais$4 ,hi/orical ,prose4--,9 c>efully elaborat$ & highly f9i%$ works ( hi/ory1 ! eighte5? c5tury surpasses its pr$ecessors4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl& by ,david ,hume1 ! philosoph]1 is ! fir/ "w ( ! k9d to add to ! hi/ory ( politics & ! affairs ( /ate an acc\nt ( ! p & _! mann]s4 ,?is ,hi/ory is di/+ui%$ = its poli%$ ease & cle>ness4 ,un=tunately1 ! "w is writt5 f a p>tisan po9t ( view4 ,hume 0 a ,tory1 & took ! side ( ! ,/u>ts aga9/ ! ,puritans4 ,he sometimes misrepres5t$ facts if !y did n uphold 8 views4 ,8 ,hi/ory is consequ5tly read m to-day z a lit]>y classic ?an z an au?ority4 ,illu/ration3 ,,edw>d ,,gibbon4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,edw>d ,gibbon 7#agcg-agid7 is ! greate/ hi/orian ( ! c5tury4 ,8 monum5tal "w1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 9 six volumes1 beg9s ) ! reign ( ,trajan1 ,a4,d4 #ih1 & closes ) ! fall ( ! ,ea/]n ,roman ,empire at ,con/ant9ople 9 #adec4 ,gibbon con/ruct$ a ,roman road ?r\gh ne>ly f\rte5 c5turies ( hi/ory2 & he built x s well t ano!r on ! same plan has n yet be5 f\nd necess>y4 ,e4,a4 ,freeman says3 ,he rema9s ! "o hi/orian ( ! eighte5? c5tury :om mod]n rese>* has nei!r set aside nor ?reat5$ to set aside4 ,9 prep>+ 8 ,hi/ory1 ,gibbon sp5t fifte5 ye>s4 ,e *apt] 0 ! subject ( long-cont9u$ /udy & c>eful orig9al rese>*4 ,f ! *aotic mat]ials :i* he f\nd1 he con/ruct$ a hi/ory rem>kable z well = its s*ol>ly precision z = ! va/ness ( ! field cov]$4 ,8 s5t5ces foll[ "o ano!r 9 magnific5t procession4 ,"o feels t !y are ! "w ( an arti/4 ,!y are ?ickly spr9kl$ ) f9e-s\nd+ words d]iv$ f ! ,lat94 ,! #afaa v]sion ( ! fir/ f\r *apt]s ( ! ,gospel ( ,john av]ages #if p] c5t ( ,anglo-,saxon words1 & ,%akespe>e #hi p] c5t1 :ile ,gibbon's av]age ( #gj p] c5t is ! l[e/ ( any great writ]4 ,he has all ! coldness ( ! classical s*ool1 & he %[s b little sympa?y ) ! great human /ruggles t are describ$ 9 8 pages4 ,he has be5 well /yl$ a skillful anatomical demon/rator ( ! dead framework ( society4 ,) all its excell5ces1 8 "w has1 !re=e1 ^? faults :i* are typical ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,edmund ,,burke4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,political ,prose4--,edmund ,burke 7#agbi-agig7 0 a di/+ui%$ /atesman & memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 an important era ( ,engli% hi/ory1--a "t :5 ! "q ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,am]ican colonies 0 p>am\nt1 & :5 ! _s ( revolt aga9/ e/abli%$ =ms 0 9 ! air4 ,he is ! greate/ political writ] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,burke's be/ productions are ,spee* on ,am]ican ,taxation 7#aggd7 & ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica 7#agge74 ,8 ,reflections on ! ,revolution 9 ,france is also notewor?y4 ,8 prose is di/+ui%$ = ! foll[+ qualities3 7#a7 ,he is "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( metaphor & imag]y 9 ,engli% prose4 ,only ,c>lyle surpasses him 9 ! use ( metaphorical language4 7#b7 ,burke's bread? ( ?\ght & weal? ( expression enable him to pres5t an idea f _m diff]5t po9ts ( view1 s t if 8 read]s d n compreh5d 8 exposition f "o side1 !y may f ano!r4 ,he endeavors to atta* :at he says to some?+ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( 8 he>]s or read]s2 & he rememb]s t ! exp]i5ce ( all is n ! same4 7#c7 ,x foll[s t 8 imag]y & figures lay all k9ds ( k "u contribution4 ,at "o "t he draws an illu/ration f manufactur+2 at ano!r1 f hi/ory2 at ano!r1 f ! but*] %op4 7#d7 ,8 "w displays int5se e>ne/ness1 love ( tru?1 /r5g? ( logical reason+1 vividness ( imag9ation1 & bread? ( view1 all ( :i* are necess>y qualities 9 prose t is to mold ! op9ions ( m54 ,x is well to note t ,burke's c>eful /udy ( ,engli% lit]ature contribut$ l>gely to 8 success z a writ]4 ,8 use ( ,bible phraseology & 8 famili>ity ) poetry l$ a critic to say t any "o neglects ! mo/ valuable repository ( rhetoric 9 ! ,engli% language1 :o has n well /udi$ ! ,engli% ,bible444 ,! cad5ce ( ,burke's s5t5ces always rem9ds u t prose writ+ is only to be p]fect$ by a ?or\gh /udy ( ! poetry ( ! language4 ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?1 #agbh-aggd ,illu/ration3 ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life & ,m9or ,works4--,oliv] ,goldsmi? 0 born ( ,engli% p>5ts 9 ! little village ( ,pallas 9 ! c5t] ( ,irel&4 ,8 fa!r1 a poor cl]gyman1 soon mov$ a %ort di/ance to ,lissoy1 :i* furni%$ "s ( ! sugge/ions = ,! ,des]t$ ,village4 ,goldsmi? w5t z a *>ity /ud5t to ,dubl9 ,univ]sity1 :]e1 l ,swift1 he graduat$ at ! bottom ( 8 class4 ,goldsmi? tri$ 9 turn to become a cl]gyman1 a tea*]1 a lawy]1 & a doctor1 b fail$ 9 all ^! fields4 ,!n he w&]$ ov] ! cont95t ( ,europe = a ye> & accumulat$ "s exp]i5ces t he us$ 9 writ+ ,! ,travel]4 ,he return$ to ,london 9 #ageg1 &1 aft] an ineffectual attempt to live by practic+ m$ic9e1 turn$ to lit]ature4 ,9 ?is pr(ession he at fir/ manag$ to make only a prec>i\s liv+1 = ! mo/ "p z a hackwrit]1 work+ = p]iodicals & fill+ contracts to compile popul> hi/ories ( ,engl&1 ,greece1 ,rome1 & ,animat$ ,nature4 ,he _h s mu* skill 9 kn[+ :at to reta91 emphasize1 or subord9ate1 & s mu* g5ius 9 pres5t+ 9 an attractive /yle :at he wrote1 t 8 "w ( ?is k9d met ) a readi] sale ?an 8 ma/]pieces4 ,( ! ,hi/ory ( ,animat$ ,nature1 ,johnson said3 ,goldsmi?1 sir1 w give u a v f9e book on ! subject1 b if he c tell a horse f a c[1 t ,i believe may be ! ext5t ( 8 k ( natural hi/ory4 ,8 fir/ lit]>y reputation 0 ga9$ by a s]ies ( lett]s1 suppos$ to be writt5 by a ,*9aman z a record ( 8 impressions ( ,engl&4 ,^! lett]s or essays1 l s mu* ( ! "w ( ,addison & ,/eele1 appe>$ fir/ 9 a p]iodical2 b !y 7 aft]w>ds collect$ "u ! title1 ,citiz5 ( ! ,_w 7#agfa74 ,! int]e/+ creation ( ^! essays is ,beau ,tibbs1 a pov]ty-/rick5 man1 :o d]ives pleasure f boa/+ ( 8 frequ5t association ) ! nobility4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goldsmi? ,,gives ,,dr4 ,,johnson ,,! ,,ms4 ,,( ,,! ,,vic> ,,( ,,wakefield4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,x 0 n until ! la/ t5 ye>s ( 8 life t ,goldsmi? became fam\s4 ,he c]ta9ly e>n$ en\gh !n to be free f c>e1 _h he b kn[n h[ to use 8 money4 ,8 improvid5ce 9 giv+ to begg>s & 9 squ&]+ 8 e>n+s on exp5sive rooms1 g>m5ts1 & d9n]s1 h[ev]1 kept him always 9 debt4 ,"o ev5+ he gave away 8 blankets to a woman :o told him a pitiful tale4 ,! cold 0 s bitt] dur+ ! night t he _h to op5 ! tick+ ( 8 b$ & crawl inside4 ,al?\gh ?is happ5$ :5 he 0 a "y man1 x 0 typical ( 8 usual response to appeals = help4 ,:5 8 l&lady _h him arre/$ = fail+ to pay 8 r5t1 he s5t = ,johnson to come & extricate him4 ,johnson ask$ him if he _h no?+ t w\ld dis*>ge ! debt1 & ,goldsmi? h&$ him ! manuscript ( ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,johnson report$ 8 action to ,boswell1 z foll[s3-- ,i look$ into x & saw its m]it2 told ! l&lady ,i %\ld soon return2 & hav+ gone to a booksell]1 sold x = sixty p\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canonbury ,,t[]1 ,,london1 ,,:]e ,,goldsmi? ,,wrote ,,"s ,,( ,,8 ,,fam\s ,,"w4 ,dur+ 8 la/ ye>s1 ,goldsmi? sometimes receiv$ z mu* z #hjj 9 twelve mon?s2 b ! m he e>n$1 ! deep] he plung$ into debt4 ,:5 he di$1 9 #aggd1 at ! age ( =ty-five1 he ow$ #bjjj4 ,he 0 lov$ because-- 444e'en 8 fail+s lean$ to virtue's side4 ,8 grave by ! ,temple ,*ur* on ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london1 is ea* ye> visit$ by ?\s&s :o feel g5u9e affection = him 9 spite ( 8 %ortcom+s4 ,ma/]pieces4--,8 be/ "w consi/s ( two poems1 ,! ,travel] & ,! ,des]t$ ,village2 a /ory1 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield2 & a play1,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]4 ,! object ( ,! ,travel] 7#agfe71 a highly poli%$ moral & didactic poem1 0 to %[ t happ9ess is indep5d5t ( climate1 & h5ce to ju/ify ! conclusion3-- ,va91 v va91 my we>y se>* to f9d ,t bliss :i* only c5t]s 9 ! m9d4 ,! ,des]t$ ,village 7#aggj7 also has a didactic aim1 = :i* we c>e little4 ,its f9e/ p>ts1 ^? :i* impress u mo/1 7 sugge/$ to ,goldsmi? by 8 y\?ful exp]i5ces4 ,we naturally rememb] ! sympa!tic portrait ( ! poet's fa!r1 ! village prea*]3-- ,a man he 0 to all ! c\ntry de> ,& pass+ ri* ) =ty p\nds a ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,8 h\se 0 kn[n to all ! vagrant tra92 ,he *id _! w&]+s b reliev$ _! pa94 ,! l9es relat+ to ! village s*oolma/] are almo/ z well kn[n z ,scripture4 ,previ\s to ?is "t1 ! eighte5? c5tury _h n produc$ a poem z natural1 s9c]e1 & sympa!tic 9 its descriptions & portraits z ,! ,des]t$ ,village4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield is a delightful romantic novel1 :i* ,&rew ,lang classes among books to be read once a ye>4 ,goldsmi?'s own criticism ( ! /ory 9 ! ,adv]tisem5t ann\nc+ x has n yet be5 surpass$3-- ,!re are an hundr$ faults 9 ?is ,?+1 & an hundr$ ?+s might be said to prove !m beauties4 ,b x is ne$less4 ,a book may be amus+ ) num]\s errors1 or x may he v dull )\t a s+le absurdity4 ,! h]o ( ?is piece unites 9 himself ! ?ree greate/ *>act]s ^u e>?3 he is a prie/1 an husb&man1 & ! fa!r ( a family4 ,he is drawn z ready to tea* & ready to obey2 z simple 9 afflu5ce1 & maje/ic 9 adv]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,primrose ,,& ,,8 ,,family4 ,f a draw+ by ,g4 ,patrick ,nelson4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield has faults ( improbability & ( plot con/ruction2 9 fact1 ! plot is s poorly con/ruct$ t ! novel w\ld h be5 almo/ a failure1 _h o!r qualities n insur$ success4 ,! /ory lives because ,dr4 ,primrose & 8 family %[ ) su* g5u95ess ! abid+ lovable traits ( human nature1--k9dl9ess1 unselfi%ness1 good humor1 hope1 *>ity1--! v _s ( ! ,s]mon ( ! ,m\nt4 ,goe! rejoic$ t he felt ! influ5ce ( ?is /ory at ! critical mom5t ( 8 m5tal developm5t4 ,goldsmi? has add$ to ! _w's /ock ( k9dl9ess1 & he has taught _m to avoid :at he calls ! fictiti\s dem&s ( happ9ess4 ,goldsmi? wrote two plays1 bo? he>ty com$ies4 ,! less successful1 ,! ,good-,natur$ ,man 7act$ #agfh71 br\ght him 9 #ejj4 ,8 next play1 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]1 a com$y ( mann]s1 is a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ! drama4 ,! ta/e ( ! age dem&$ regul>1 vapid1 s5tim5tal plays4 ,"h 0 a com$y t disreg>d$ ! conv5tions & pres5t$ 9 quick succession a s]ies ( he>ty humor\s sc5es4 ,ev5 ! manag] ( ! !at] pr$ict$ ! failure ( ! play2 b f ! "t ( its fir/ appe>ance 9 #aggc1 ?is com$y ( mann]s has _h an unbrok5 record ( triumphs4 ,a c5tury lat] x ran "o hundr$ nights 9 ,london4 ,au?orities say t x has nev] be5 p]=m$ )\t success1 n ev5 by amateurs4 ,l all ( ,goldsmi?'s be/ productions1 x 0 bas$ on actual exp]i5ce4 ,9 8 "y days a wag direct$ him to a private h\se = an inn4 ,goldsmi? w5t !re & ) mu* fl\ri% gave 8 ord]s = ent]ta9m5t4 ,! subtitle ( ! com$y is ,! ,mi/akes ( a ,night2 & ! play %[s ! situations :i* develop$ :5 its h]o1 ,tony ,lumpk91 s5t two lov]s to a pret5d$ inn1 :i* 0 really ! home ( ! "y ladies to be woo$4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 8 contempor>y1 ,ri*>d ,br9sley ,%]idan 7#agea-ahaf71 produc$1 %ortly aft] ! great success ( ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]1 ! only o!r eighte5?-c5tury com$ies t reta9 _! popul>ity1 ,! ,rivals 7#agge7 & ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al 7#aggg71 :i* contribut$ /ill fur!r to ! ov]?r[ ( ! s5tim5tal com$y ( ! age4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,goldsmi? is a romantici/ at he>t2 b he felt ! /rong classical influ5ces ( ,johnson & ( ! e>li] s*ool4 ,9 8 poetry1 ,goldsmi? us$ classical c\plets & sometimes classical subject matt]1 b ! didactic p>ts ( 8 poems are ! poore/4 ,8 greate/ successes1 su* z ! pictures ( ! village prea*] & ! s*oolma/] 9 ,! ,des]t$ ,village & ( ,dr4 ,primrose & 8 family 9 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 %[ ! w>m human sympa?y ( ! romantic s*ool4 ,! qualities = :i* he is mo/ not$ are 7#a7 a sane & sav+ altrui/ic philosophy ( life1 p]vad$ ) r>e humor1 & 7#b7 a /yle ( rem>kable ease1 grace1 & cle>ness1 express$ 9 copi\s & apt language4 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] m>ks a *ange 9 ! drama ( ! "t1 because1 9 ,dobson's phrase1 x bade good-bye to %am ,s5tim5t4 444?is play x appe>s ,dealt l>gely 9 laught] & no?+ 9 te>s4 ,,samuel ,,johnson1 #agji-aghd ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel ,,johnson4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel ,,johnson',s ,,bir?place4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,e>ly ,/ruggles4--,mi*ael ,johnson1 an intellig5t booksell] 9 ,li*field1 ,/af=d%ire1 0 9 #agji bless$ ) a son :o 0 to occupy a unique position 9 lit]ature1 a position ga9$ n s mu* by 8 writ+s z by 8 spok5 words & great p]sonality4 ,samuel 0 prep>$ = ,ox=d at v>i\s s*ools & 9 ! pat]nal book/ore1 :]e he read widely & voraci\sly1 b )\t mu* sy/em4 ,he said t at ! age ( eighte51 ! ye> be=e he ent]$ ,ox=d1 he knew almo/ z mu* z at fifty-?ree4 ,pov]ty kept him f rema9+ at ,ox=d long en\gh to take a degree4 ,he left ! univ]sity1 &1 = m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 /ruggl$ dogg$ly aga9/ pov]ty4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-five1 he m>ri$ a wid[ ( =ty-eight4 ,) ! money :i* %e br\ght him1 he op5$ a private s*ool1 b fail$4 ,he nev] _h m ?an eight pupils1 "o ( :om 0 ! actor1 ,david ,g>rick4 ,9 #agcg ,johnson w5t to ,london & s\ght employm5t z a hack writ]4 ,sometimes he _h no money ) :i* to hire a lodg+1 & 0 compell$ to walk ! /reets all night to keep w>m4 ,johnson rea*$ ,london 9 ! v d>ke/ days = /ruggl+ au?ors1 :o 7 (t5 subject$ to ! greate/ h>d%ips4 ,!y 7 ! objects ( g5]al contempt1 to :i* ,pope's ,dunciad _h l>gely contribut$4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ,johnson did mu* hack "w = ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e4 ,he 0 also ! au?or ( two satirical poems1 ,london 7#agch7 & ,! ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es 7#agdi71 :i* won mu* praise4 ,lat] ,ye>s4--,by ! "t he _h be5 = t5 ye>s 9 ,london1 8 abilities 7 suffici5tly well kn[n to ! lead+ booksell]s = !m to hire him to compile a ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language = #aege4 ,he 0 sev5 ye>s at ?is "w1 f9i%+ x 9 #agee4 ,betwe5 #agej & #agfj he wrote ! matt] = two p]iodicals1 ,! ,rambl] 7#agej-ageb7 & ,! ,idl] 7#ageh-agfj71 :i* conta9 pap]s on mann]s & morals4 ,he int5d$ to model ^! pap]s on ! l9es ( ,! ,tatl] & ,! ,spectator1 b 8 essays are = ! mo/ "p pond]\sly dull & un9t]e/+4 ,9 #agfb1 = ! fir/ "t1 he 0 really an indep5d5t man1 = !n ,george ,,iii4 gave him a life p5sion ( #cjj a ye>4 ,ev5 z late z #agei1 9 ord] to pay 8 "m's fun]al exp5ses1 ,johnson _h be5 oblig$ to da% (f ! romance ( ,rasselas 9 a week2 b f ! "t he receiv$ 8 p5sion1 he _h leisure to cross 8 legs & h 8 talk out 9 "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ga!r+s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life he produc$ little besides ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets1 :i* is 8 mo/ important contribution to lit]ature4 ,9 #aghd he di$1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey among ! poets ^: lives he _h writt54 ,a ,man ( ,"*4--,any "o :o w read ,macaulay's ,life ( ,johnson#b may become acqua9t$ ) "s ( ,johnson's mo/ /rik+ peculi>ities2 b ^! d n con/itute 8 claims to greatness4 ,he _h qualities t made him great 9 spite ( 8 peculi>ities4 ,he knock$ d[n a publi%] :o insult$ him1 & he w\ld nev] take insol5ce f a sup]ior2 b !re is no case on record ( 8 hav+ be5 unk9d to an inf]ior4 ,goldsmi? said3 ,johnson has no?+ ( a be> b ! sk94 ,:5 "s "o manife/$ surprise t ,johnson %\ld h assi/$ a wor?less "*1 ,goldsmi? promptly repli$3 ,he has n[ become mis]able1 & t insures ! protection ( ,johnson4 ,johnson1 com+ home late at night1 w\ld frequ5tly slip a co9 into ! h& ( a sleep+ /reet ,arab1 :o1 on awak5+1 0 rejoic$ to f9d provision ?us made = 8 breakfa/4 ,he sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 p5sion on ! helpless1 sev]al ( :om he receiv$ into 8 own h\se4 ,!re h be5 _m broad] & m s*ol>ly ,engli%m51 b !re nev] walk$ ! /reets ( ,london a man :o battl$ m c\rage\sly = :at he ?\ght 0 "r4 ,! m we "k ( him1 ! m c]ta9 are we to agree ) ?is clos+ s5t5ce f ,macaulay's ,life ( ,johnson3 ,& x is b j to say t our intimate acqua9tance ) :at he w\ld himself h call$ ! anfractuosities ( 8 intellect & ( 8 temp] s]ves only to /r5g!n our conviction t he 0 bo? a great & a good man4 ,a ,great ,conv]s] & ,lit]>y ,lawgiv]4--,by nature ,johnson 0 fitt$ to be a talk]4 ,he 0 happie/ :5 he _h intellig5t li/5]s4 ,accord+ly1 he & ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ! arti/1 f\nd$ ! fam\s ,lit]>y ,club 9 #agfd4 ,dur+ ,johnson's lifetime ?is _h = memb]s su* m5 z ,edmund ,burke1 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 ,*>les ,james ,fox1 ,james ,boswell1 ,edw>d ,gibbon1 & ,david ,g>rick4 ,macaulay says3 ,! v]dicts pron\nc$ by ?is conclave on new books 7 spe$ily kn[n ov] all ,london1 & 7 suffici5t to sell (f a :ole edition 9 a day1 or to condemn ! %eets to ! s]vice ( ! trunk mak] & ! pa/ry cook444 ,to pr$om9ate ov] su* a society 0 n easy2 yet ev5 ov] su* a society ,johnson pr$om9at$4 ,he 0 consult$ z an oracle on all k9ds ( subjects1 & 8 replies 7 g5]ally ! pi? ( common s5se4 ,s fam\s _h ,johnson become = 8 conv]sations t ,george ,,iii4 met him on purpose to he> him talk4 ,a committee f =ty ( ! lead+ ,london booksell]s wait$ on ,johnson to ask him to write ! ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets4 ,!re 0 !n 9 ,engl& no o!r man ) s mu* influ5ce 9 ! _w ( lit]ature4 ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson4--,9 #agfc ,james ,boswell 7#agdj-agie71 a ,scot*man1 met ,johnson & devot$ mu* "t to copy+ ! words t fell f ! great ,doctor's lips & to not+ 8 individual traits4 ,we mu/ g to ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 ! greate/ ( all biographies1 to read ( ,johnson z he liv$ & talk$2 9 %ort1 to le>n ^? facts :i* r5d] him f> m fam\s ?an 8 writt5 works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,boswell4 ,leslie ,/eph5 saw3 ,i w\ld /ill hope t to _m read]s ,boswell has be5 :at he has c]ta9ly be5 to "s1 ! fir/ writ] :o gave !m a love ( ,engli% lit]ature1 & ! mo/ *>m+ ( all companions long aft] ! bloom ( novelty has dep>t$4 ,i subscribe mo/ *e]fully to ,mr4 ,lewes's /atem5t t he e/imates 8 acqua9tances accord+ to _! e/imate ( ,boswell4 ,a ,*ampion ( ! ,classical ,s*ool4--,johnson 0 a p[]ful adh]5t ( classicism1 & he did mu* to def] ! com+ ( romanticism4 ,8 poetry is =mal1 & x %[s ! classical fondness = satire & av]sion to s5tim5t4 ,! fir/ two l9es ( 8 greate/ poem1 ,! ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es-- ,let obs]vation ) ext5sive view ,survey mank9d f ,*9a to ,p]u1 %[ ! classical c\plet1 :i* he employs1 & !y af=d an example ( poetry produc$ by a sonor\s comb9ation ( words4 ,obs]vation1 view1 & survey are ne>ly synonym\s t]ms4 ,su* consci\s ef=t c5t]$ on ^w build+ subtracts some?+ f poetic feel+4 ,8 critical op9ions ( lit]ature manife/ 8 pref]5ce = classical !mes & =mal modes ( treatm5t4 ,he says ( ,%akespe>e3 ,x is incid5t to him to be n[ & !n entangl$ ) an unwieldy s5tim5t1 :i* he _c well express 444 ! equality ( words to ?+s is v (t5 neglect$4 ,al?\gh !re is mu* s5sible1 /imulat+ criticism 9 ,johnson's ,lives ( ! ,poets1 yet he %[s positive repugnance to ! pa/oral ref]5ces--! flocks & %eph]ds1 ! oat5 flute1 ! woods & des]t caves--( ,milton's ,lycidas4 ,its =m1 says ,johnson1 is t ( a pa/oral1 easy1 vulg>1 & !re=e disgu/+4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,:ile he is be/ kn[n 9 lit]>y hi/ory z ! great conv]s] ^: full l5g? portrait is drawn by ,boswell1 ,johnson left ! m>ks ( 8 influ5ce on mu* ( ! prose writt5 )9 ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is influ5ce has1 = ! foll[+ reasons1 be5 bad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*e%ire ,,*eese ,,inn1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,,london4 ,fir/1 he lov$ a pond]\s /yle 9 :i* !re 0 an excess ( ! ,lat9 elem5t4 ,he lik$ to h 8 /atem5ts s\nd well4 ,he once said 9 =cible ,saxon3 ,! ,rehe>sal6 has n wit en\gh to keep x sweet1 b a mom5t lat] he translat$ ?is into3 ,x has n suffici5t vitality to pres]ve x f putrefaction4 ,9 8 ,diction>y he def9$ network z any?+ reticulat$ or decussat$ at equal di/ances ) int]/ices betwe5 ! int]sections4 ,"s wits ( ! day said t he us$ long words to make 8 ,diction>y necess>y4 ,9 ! second place1 ,johnson lov$ =mal balance s mu* t he us$ too _m anti!ses4 ,_m ( 8 balanc+ clauses are out ( place or add no?+ to ! s5se4 ,! foll[+ %[s excess ( anti!sis3-- ,if ! flights ( ,dryd51 !re=e1 are high]1 ,pope cont9ues long] on ! w+4 ,if ( ,dryd5's fire ! blaze is bright]1 ( ,pope's ! heat is m regul> & con/ant4 ,dryd5 (t5 surpasses expectation1 & ,pope nev] falls bel[ x4 ,dryd5 is read ) frequ5t a/oni%m5t1 & ,pope ) p]petual delight4 ,z a rule1 ,johnson's prose is too ab/ract & g5]al1 & x awak5s too few images4 ,?is is a *>act]i/ic fail+ ( 8 essays 9 ,! ,rambl] & ,! ,idl]4 ,ev5 9 ,rasselas1 8 great "w ( fiction1 he speaks ( pass+ ?r\gh ! fields & see+ ! animals ar\nd him2 b he does n m5tion def9ite trees1 fl[]s1 or animals4 ,%akespe>e's w\nd$ /ag or w9k+ ,m>y-buds w\ld h giv5 a t\* ( life to ! :ole sc5e4 ,johnson's late/ & greate/ "w1 ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets1 is comp>atively free f mo/ ( ^! faults4 ,! s5t5ces are en]getic & full ( mean+4 ,al?\gh we may n agree ) "s ( ! criticism1 %all f9d x /imulat+ & sugge/ive4 ,be=e ,johnson gave ^! critical essays to ! _w1 he _h be5 do+ little = ye>s except talk+ 9 a /raight=w>d mann]4 ,8 con/ant practice 9 speak+ ,engli% react$ on 8 lat] writt5 "w4 ,un=tunately ?is "w has be5 ! lea/ imitat$4 ,,summ>y ,! second "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 a "t ( *ang+ /&>ds 9 *ur*1 /ate1 & lit]ature4 ,! d[nfall ( ,walpole1 ! religi\s revivals ( ,wesley1 ! victories ( ,clive 9 ,india & ( ,wolfe 9 ,canada1 %[ ! progress t ,engl& 0 mak+ at home & abroad4 ,ev5 h] loss ( ! ,am]ican colonies left h] ! greate/ m>itime & colonial p[]4 ,!re began to be a revolt aga9/ ! n>r[ classical /&>ds 9 lit]ature4 ,a long+ gradually manife/$ itself = m fre$om ( imag9ation1 su* z we f9d 9 ,ossian1 ,! ,ca/le ( ,otranto1 ,p]cy's ,reliques1 & translations ( ! ,norse my?ology4 ,!re 0 a dep>ture f ! hackney$ =ms & subjects ( ! prec$+ age & an introduction ( m ( ! individual & ideal elem5t1 su* z c be f\nd 9 ,gray's ,elegy & ,coll9s's ,ode to ,ev5+4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 h[ev]1 ?rew 8 p[]ful influ5ce aga9/ ?is romantic movem5t1 & curb$ some:at su* t5d5cies 9 ,goldsmi?1 :o1 nev]!less1 gave f9e romantic t\*es to ,! ,des]t$ ,village & to mu* ( 8 o!r "w4 ,?is p]iod 0 "o ( prep>ation = ! glori\s romantic outbur/ at ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,9 prose1 ! mo/ important a*ievem5t ( ! age 0 ! creation ( ! mod]n novel 9 works l ,ri*>dson's ,pamela & ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 ,field+'s ,tom ,jones1 ,/]ne's ,tri/ram ,%&y1 ,smollett's ,humphrey ,cl9k]1 & ,goldsmi?'s ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,!re 7 also not$ prose works 9 philosophy & hi/ory by ,hume & ,gibbon1 9 politics by ,burke1 9 criticism by ,johnson1 & 9 biography by ,boswell4 ,goldsmi?'s com$y ( mann]s1 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]1 won a decid$ victory ov] ! insipid s5tim5tal drama4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,= contempor>y ,engli% hi/ory1 consult ,g>d9]1#c ,gre51 ,walk]1 or ,*5ey4 ,= ! social side1 see ,traill1 ,v4 ,lecky's ,hi/ory ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury is specially full4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,c\r?ope's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,v4 ,seccombe's ,! ,age ( ,johnson4 ,gosse's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,/eph5's ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,m9to's ,manual ( ,engli% ,prose ,lit]ature4 ,symons's ,! ,romantic ,movem5t 9 ,engli% ,poetry4 ,be]s's ,engli% ,romanticism4 ,phelps's ,beg9n+s ( ! ,engli% ,romantic ,movem5t4 ,nutt's ,ossian & ,ossianic ,lit]ature4 ,juss]&'s ,! ,engli% ,novel 9 ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e4 ,cross's ,! ,developm5t ( ! ,engli% ,novel4 ,m9to's ,defoe 7,e4,m4,l47 ,dobson's ,samuel ,ri*>dson4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,dobson's ,h5ry ,field+4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,godd5's ,h5ry ,field+1 a ,memoir4 ,/eph5's ,h\rs 9 a ,libr>y 7,defoe1 ,ri*>dson1 & ,field+74 ,?ack]ay's ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 7,field+1 ,smollett1 ,/]ne1 ,goldsmi?74 ,gosse's ,life ( ,gray4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,huxley's ,life ( ,hume4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,morrison's ,life ( ,gibbon4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,woodr[ ,wilson's ,m]e ,lit]ature 7,burke74 ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson4 ,/eph5's ,life ( ,johnson4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,macaulay's ,essay on ,crok]'s ,edition ( ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson4 ,irv+'s1 ,=/]'s1 ,dobson's1 ,black's 7,e4,m4,l471 or ,b4 ,frank=t ,moore's ,life ( ,goldsmi?4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,! ,romantic ,movem5t4--,9 ord] to note ! diff]5ce 9 feel+1 imag]y1 & ideals1 betwe5 ! romantic & ! classic s*ools1 x w be advisable = ! /ud5t to make a special comp>ison ( ,dryd5's & ,pope's satiric & didactic v]se ) ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,milton's ,il ,p5s]oso1 & ) "s ( ! "w ( ! romantic poets 9 ! next p]iod4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ! g5]al atmosph]e ( ^! poems8 ,see if ! influ5ce ( ,il ,p5s]oso is noticeable 9 ,coll9s's ,ode to ,ev5+ 7,w>d#d1 ,,iii41 #bhg2 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #bbj2 ,ox=d1 #eca2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bgc2 ,c5tury1 #chf7 & 9 ,gray's ,elegy 7,w>d1 ,,iii41 #cca2 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #bch2 ,ox=d1 #eaf2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bfg2 ,c5tury1 #cih74 ,:at elem5t =eign to ,dryd5 & ,pope appe>s 9 ,?omson's ,seasons 7,w>d1 ,,iii41 #agc2 ,bronson4 ,,iii41 #agi2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bee2 ,c5tury1 #cfi-cgb74 ,:at signs ( a /ruggle betwe5 ! romantic & ! classic are noticeable 9 ,goldsmi?'s ,des]t$ ,village 7,w>d1 ,,iii41 #cgc-cgi2 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #bhb2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bgh2 ,c5tury1 #dfc74 ,pick out ! ?ree f9e/ passages 9 ! poem1 & give ! reasons = ! *oice4 ,read pp4 #agc-agf ( ,ossian 7,cant]bury ,poets s]ies1 #dj c5ts2 ,*amb]s1 ,,ii42 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #bge71 & %[ :y x appeal$ to ! _s ( romanticism4 ,= a %ort typical selection f ,walpole's ,ca/le ( ,otranto1 see ,*amb]s4 ,,ii4 ,:y is ?is call$ romantic fiction8 ,9 ,p]cy's ,reliques1 read ! fir/ ballad1 t ( ,*evy ,*ase1 & expla9 h[ ! age c\ld turn f ,pope to read su* rude v]se4 ,9 place ( ,mallet's ,nor!rn ,antiquities1 tw5tie?-c5tury read]s w pref] books l ,gu]b]'s ,my?s ( ,nor!rn ,l&s & ,mabie's ,norse ,/ories ,retold f ! ,eddas4 ,f ,*att]ton's ,aella read n9e /anzas f ! song beg9n+3 ,o s+ unto my r\ndelay4 ,8 ,! ,bri/[e ,trag$y may be comp>$ ) ,p]cy's ,reliques & ) ,col]idge's ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,selections f ,*att]ton are giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 ,w>d1 ,,iii41 ,ox=d1 ,manly1 ,i41 & ,c5tury4 ,! ,novel4--,^? :o h ! "t to /udy ! beg9n+s ( ! novel w be int]e/$ 9 read+1 ,guy1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick 7,morley's ,e>ly ,prose ,romances7 or ,sir ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 ,retold 9 ,mod]n ,prose1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,jessie ,l4 ,we/on 7,london3 ,david ,nutt1 two %ill+s74 ,two ,elizabe?an novels3 ,lodge's ,rosalynde 7! orig9al ( ,%akespe>e's ,z ,y ,l ,x7 & ,gre5e's ,p&o/o 7! orig9al ( ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale7 are publi%$ 9 ,! ,%akespe>e ,classics1 edit$ by ,gollancz 7,duffield ,company1 ,new ,york1 #a ea*74 ,p&o/o may be f\nd at ! end ( ! ,cassell ,national ,libr>y edition ( ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale 7#ae c5ts74 ,selections f ,lodge's ,rosalynde are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,i41 #edd-edi4 ,^! %\ld be comp>$ ) ! p>allel p>ts ( ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,selections f ,na%e's ,! ,un=tunate ,travell] are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,i41 #egc-egf1 & selections f ,sidney's ,arcadia 9 ! same volume1 pp4 #dji-dai4 ,deloney's ,! ,g5tle ,craft & ,jack ( ,newb]ry are giv5 9 8 ,works1 edit$ by ,mann 7,cl>5don ,press74 ,= ! prelim9>y sket*+ ( *>act]s t might s]ve z types 9 fiction1 read ,! ,spectator1 ,no4 #b1 by ,/eele4 ,defoe's ,rob9son ,crusoe w be read entire by almo/ e "o4 ,9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 read ! foll[+ selections f ^! f\r great noveli/s ( ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 f ,ri*>dson1 pp4 #ei-ff2 f ,field+1 pp4 #aah-abe2 f ,/]ne1 pp4 #bac-bai2 & f ,smollett1 pp4 #bfa-bfd & #bfi-bgb4 ,manly1 ,,ii41 has brief selections4 ,goldsmi?'s ,vic> ( ,wakefield %\ld be read entire by ! /ud5t 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 or ,gateway ,s]ies1 ,am]ican ,book ,company74 ,selections may be f\nd 9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 #cfe-cgj4 ,sket* ! g5]al l9es ( developm5t 9 fiction1 f ! e>ly romance to ,smollett4 ,:at type ( fiction did ,don ,quixote ridicule8 ,comp>e ,gre5e's ,p&o/o ) ,%akespe>e's ,w9t]'s ,tale1 & ,lodge's ,rosalynde ) ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,9 :at relation d ,/eele1 ,addison1 & ,defoe /& to ! novel8 ,:y is ! mod]n novel said to beg9 ) ,ri*>dson8 ,philosophy4--,two selections f ,b]keley 9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 #cd-ci1 give "s ( t philosoph]'s subtle metaphysics4 ,! same volume1 pp4 #ahi-aie1 gives a selection f ,hume's ,treatise ( ,human ,nature4 ,try /at+ 9 y\r own words ! sub/ance ( ^! selections4 ,gibbon4--,read ,aurelian's campaign aga9/ ,z5obia1 :i* con/itutes ! la/ ?ird ( ,*ap4 ,,xi4 ( ! fir/ volume ( ,! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,o!r selections may be f\nd 9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 #dfj-dgb2 ,c5tury1 #dec-dfb4 ,:at is ! special m]it ( ,gibbon's "w8 ,:at p]iod does he cov]8 ,comp>e 8 /yle1 ei!r 9 description or 9 n>ration1 ) ,bunyan's4 ,burke4--,let ! /ud5t :o has n ! "t to read all ! spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 or ,gateway ,s]ies1 ,am]ican ,book ,company1 #bj c5ts7 read ! selection 9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 #cgi-che1 & also ! selection ref]r+ to ! decl9e ( *ivalry1 f ,reflections on ! ,revolution 9 ,france 7,craik1 ,,iv41 #djb74 ,po9t out 9 ,burke's writ+s ! f\r *>act]i/ics m5tion$ on p4 #cca4 ,comp>e 8 /yle ) ,bacon's1 ,swift's1 ,addison's1 & ,gibbon's4 ,goldsmi?4--,read 8 ?ree ma/]pieces3 ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 or ,gateway ,s]ies1 ,am]ican ,book ,company71 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] 7,cassell's ,national ,libr>y2 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y74 ,select passages t %[ 7a7 altrui/ic philosophy ( life1 7b7 humor1 7c7 special graces ( /yle4 ,:at *ange did ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] br+ to ! /age8 ,:at qualities keep ! play alive8 ,johnson4--,repres5tative selections are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,,iv41 #ada-ahe4 ,^? f ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets 7,craik1 ,,iv41 #age-ahb2 ,c5tury1 #dje-dai7 w be/ repay /udy4 ,let ! /ud5t :o has ! "t read ,johnson's ,dryd5 entire4 ,z mu* z possible ( ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson %\ld be read 7,craik1 ,,iv41 #dhb-die2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #bgg-bib74 ,comp>e ! /yle ( ,johnson ) t ( ,gibbon & ,burke4 ,= :at reasons does ,johnson hold a high position 9 lit]ature8 ,:at special excell5ces or defects d y note 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets8 ,:y is ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson a great "w8 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,vii3 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,footnote #b3 ,to be f\nd 9 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 or 9 ,macaulay's collect$ ,essays4 ,footnote #c3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #ej4 ,footnote #d3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,viii3 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,romanticism1 #aghj-ahcg ,hi/ory ( ! ,p]iod4--,mu* ( ! ,engli% hi/ory ( ?is p]iod 0 affect$ directly or indirectly by ! ,fr5* ,revolution 7#aghi74 ,! object ( ?is movem5t 0 to free m5 f oppression by ! ari/ocracy & to re/ore to !m _! natural rights4 ,! new wat*words 7 ,lib]ty1 ,frat]nity1 ,equality4 ,! pr(ess$ pr9ciples ( ! ,fr5* revolutioni/s 7 9 _m respects simil> to ^? embodi$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,at fir/ ! movem5t 0 applaud$ by ! lib]al-m9d$ ,engli%m52 b ! confiscation ( prop]ty1 executions1 & ensu+ reign ( t]ror soon made ,engl& recoil f ?is ,revolution4 ,:5 ,france execut$ h] k+ & decl>$ h] int5tion ( us+ =ce to make republics out ( ,european p[]s1 ,engl& s5t ! ,fr5* m9i/] home1 & w> imm$iately result$4 ,) only a %ort int]mission1 ?is la/$ f #agic until #ahae1 ! conte/ caus$ by ! ,fr5* ,revolution hav+ become m]g$ 9 ! ,napoleonic w>4 ,! battle ( ,wat]loo 7#ahae7 end$ ! /ruggle ) ! defeat ( ,napoleon by ! ,engli% g5]al1 ,well+ton4 ,! ,w> ( #ahab ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 = ,engl& only an incid5t ( ! w> ) ,france4 ,engl& _h become s p[]ful on ! sea1 z a result ( ! victories ( ,nelson1 t %e n only =bade vessels ( a neutral p[] to trade ) ,france1 b %e actually se>*$ ,am]ican vessels & sometimes remov$ _! seam51 claim+ t !y 7 ,briti% des]t]s4 ,! ,am]icans won a/oni%+ naval victories2 b ! w> 0 conclud$ )\t any v def9ite decision on ! po9ts involv$4 ,! la/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury saw ! inv5tion ( sp9n+ & weav+ ma*9es1 ! introduction ( /eam eng9es to furni% p[]1 ! wid] use ( coal1 ! sub/itution ( ! factory sy/em = ! home production ( clo?1 & ! impairm5t ( ! home by ! employm5t ( wom5 & *ildr5 = unre/rict$ h\rs 9 ! factories4 ,! long reign ( ,george ,,iii41 int]rupt$ by p]iods ( insanity1 end$ 9 #ahbj4 ,! next two k+s 7 8 sons1 ,george ,,iv4 7#ahbj-ahcj7 & ,william ,,iv4 7#ahcj-ahcg74 ,dur+ ^! two reigns ! _s ( re=m 0 9 ! air4 ,! mo/ important re=ms 7 7#a7 ! revision ( ! crim9al laws1 :i* _h prescrib$ dea? = "s two hundr$ (f5ses1 includ+ /eal+ z mu* z five %ill+s2 7#b7 ! removal ( political disabilities f ,ca?olics1 s t = ! fir/ "t s9ce #afgc !y c\ld hold municipal (fice & sit 9 ,p>liam5t2 7#c7 ! ,re=m ,bill ( #ahcb1 :i* 7a7 ext5d$ ! fran*ise to ! well-to-d middle classes b n to ^? dep5d5t on day labor1 7b7 gave a fair] apportionm5t ( repres5tatives 9 ,p>liam5t & aboli%$ ! s-call$ rott5 bor\ghs1 i4e4 ^? di/ricts :i* ) few or no inhabitants _h be5 s5d+ memb]s to ,p>liam5t1 :ile ! l>ge manufactur+ cities 9 ! nor? 7 )\t repres5tatives2 7#d7 ! f9al bill 9 #ahcc = ! abolition ( slav]y2 7#e7 *ild labor laws1 :i* ord]$ ! textile factories to cease employ+ *ildr5 "u n9e ye>s ( age1 prescrib$ a legal work+ day ( eight h\rs = *ildr5 betwe5 n9e & ?irte51 & ( twelve h\rs = ^? betwe5 ?irte5 & eighte52 7#f7 ! improvem5t ( ! poor laws4 ,! increas$ int]e/ 9 human rights & welf>e is ! mo/ important *>act]i/ic ( ?is entire p]iod1 b mo/ especially ( ! reigns ( ,george ,,iv4 & ,william ,,iv4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 ! eld]1 al?\gh an employ] ( ne>ly a ?\s& *ildr51 felt ! _s ( ! "t en\gh to call ! att5tion ( ,p>liam5t to ! abuses ( *ild labor4 ,z we %all see1 ?is new _s ex]t$ a /rong influ5ce on lit]ature4 ,influ5ce ( ! ,new ,_s on ,poetry4--,! ,fr5* ,revolution /irr$ ! "y ,engli% poets pr(\ndly4 ,!y proclaim$ ! bir? ( a new humanity ( b\ndless promise4 ,! possibilities ( life aga9 seem$ almo/ z great z 9 ,elizabe?an days4 ,! usually sob]-m9d$ ,wordswor? exclaim$3-- ,bliss 0 x 9 t dawn to be alive1 ,b to be "y 0 v heav56#a ,9 ! age ( ,pope1 ! only type ( man consid]$ wor?y a place 9 ! be/ lit]ature 0 ! ari/ocrat4 ,! ord9>y labor] 0 an object too contemptible ev5 = satire4 ,burns plac$ a halo ar\nd ! head ( ! hone/ toil]4 ,9 #aghf he c\ld f9d read]s = 8 ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night2 & t5 ye>s lat] he proclaim$ ?\ghts :i* w\ld h be5 laugh$ to scorn e>ly 9 ! c5tury3-- ,is !re1 = hone/ pov]ty1 ,t hangs 8 head & a' t8 ,! c[>d slave1 we pass him by1 ,we d>e be poor = a' t6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! rank is b ! gu9ea /amp2 ,! man's ! g[d#b = a' t4#c ,wordswor? /rikes almo/ ! same *ord3-- ,love _h he f\nd 9 huts :]e poor m5 lie4#d ,! t5d]ness & sympa?y induc$ by ?is new int]e/ 9 human be+s result$ 9 ! annexation to ,engli% lit]ature ( an almo/ unexplor$ cont95t1--! cont95t ( *ildhood4 ,william ,blake & ,william ,wordswor? set ! *ild 9 ! mid/ ( ! poetry ( ?is romantic age4 ,m sympa?y = animals naturally foll[$ ! increas$ int]e/ 9 humanity4 ,! poems ( ,c[p]1 ,burns1 ,wordswor?1 & ,col]idge %[ ?is quick5$ feel+ = a />v$ bird1 a w\nd$ h>e1 a h>t cruelly sla91 or an albatross wantonly %ot4 ,! social disord] ( ! ,revolution might make ,wordswor? pause1 b he cont9u$ ) unabat$ vigor to tea* u-- ,nev] to bl5d our pleasure or our pride ,) sorr[ ( ! meane/ ?+ t feels4#e ,new humanit>ian int]e/s affect$ all ! great poets ( ?is age4 ,al?\gh ,keats 0 cut (f :ile he 0 mak+ an ,aeolian response to ! beauty ( ! _w1 yet ev5 he1 9 8 brief life1 he>d some?+ ( ! new message4 ,gr[? ( ,appreciation ( ,nature4--,m appreciation ( nature foll[$ ! developm5t ( broad] sympa?y1 ,burns wrote a lyric full ( feel+ = a m\nta9 daisy :i* 8 pl[ _h turn$ b5ea? ! furr[4 ,wordswor? exclaim$3-- ,to me ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s c give ,?\ghts t d (t5 lie too deep = te>s4#f ,= m ?an a c5tury aft] ,milton1 ! majority ( ref]5ces to nature 7 made 9 g5]al t]ms & 7 borr[$ f ! /ock illu/rations ( old] poets1 l ,v]gil4 ,we f9d ! conv5tional l>k1 night+ale1 & turtl$ove4 ,no?+ new or def9ite is said ( !m4 ,increas+ com=ts & safety 9 travel n[ took m p :]e !y c\ld see = !mselves ! beauty ( nature4 ,9 ! new poetry we consequ5tly f9d m def9it5ess4 ,we c he> ! :ir ( ! p>tridge1 ! *att] ( magpies1 ! :i/le ( ! quail4 ,poets speak ( a tree n only 9 g5]al t]ms1 b !y note also ! diff]5ces 9 ! %ade ( ! gre5 ( ! leaves & ! peculi>ities ( ! b>k4 ,previ\s to ?is "t1 poets borr[$ f ,!ocritus & ,v]gil pip+ %eph]ds recl9+ 9 ! %ade1 :om no ,engli%man _h ev] se54 ,9 ,mi*ael ,wordswor? pictures a g5u9e ,engli% %eph]d4 ,! love = m\nta9s & wild nature is ( rec5t gr[?4 ,"o writ] 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury consid]$ ! ,alps z s mu* rubbi% swept toge!r by ! broom ( nature to cle> ! pla9s ( ,italy4 ,a sev5te5? c5tury travel] ?\ght ! ,wel% m\nta9s bett] ?an ! ,alps because ! =m] w\ld pa/ure goats4 ,dr4 ,johnson ask$1 ,:o c l ! ,highl&s8 ,! influ5ce ( ! romantic movem5t develop$ ! love = wild sc5]y1 :i* is s conspicu\s 9 ,wordswor? & ,byron4 ,?is age surpasses ev5 ! ,elizabe?an 9 end[+ ,nature ) a consci\s s\l1 capable ( br++ a message ( solace & companion%ip4 ,! greate/ romantic poet ( nature ?us expresses 8 cre$3-- 444,nature nev] did betray ,! he>t t lov$ h]2 'tis h] privilege1 ,?r\gh all ! ye>s ( ?is our life1 to lead ,f joy to joy4#g ,! ,victory ( ,romanticism4--,we h trac$ 9 ! prec$+ age ! beg9n+s ( ! romantic movem5t4 ,its asc5dancy ov] classical rules 0 complete 9 ! p]iod betwe5 #aghj & ! ,victorian age4 ,! romantic victory br\ght to lit]ature m imag9ation1 great] individuality1 deep] feel+1 a less artificial =m ( expression1 & an add$ s5se = ! appreciation ( ! beauties ( nature & _! spiritual significance4 ,sw9burne says t ! new poetic s*ool1 usually regi/]$ z ,wordswor?ian1 0 actually f\nd$ at midnight by ,william ,blake 7#ageg-ahbg7 & =tifi$ at sunrise by ,william ,wordswor?4 ,^! l9es f ,blake's ,to ! ,ev5+ ,/> 7#aghc7 may be giv5 to support ?is /atem5t3-- ,?\ fair-hair$ ,angel ( ! ,ev5+1 99 99 99 99 99 ,smile on our loves2 & :ile ?\ drawe/ ! ,blue curta9s ( ! sky1 scatt] ?y silv] dew ,on e fl[] t %uts its sweet eyes ,9 timely sleep4 ,let ?y ,we/ ,w9d sleep on ,! lake4 ,we may note 9 ^! l9es ! abs5ce ( ! classical c\plet1 ! fact t ! end ( ! l9es necessitates no halt 9 ?\ght1 & a unique sympa!tic t\* 9 ! l9es ref]r+ to ! fl[] & ! w9d4 ,blake's ,songs ( ,innoc5ce 7#aghi7 & ,songs ( ,exp]i5ce 7#agic7 %[ n only ! new feel+ t[>d nature1 b also a broad] sympa?y ) *ildr5 & ) all suff]+ creatures4 ,! *imney sweep]1 ! lo/ *ild1 & ev5 ! sick rose are rememb]$ 9 8 v]se4 ,9 8 poem1 ,! ,s*oolboy1 he ent]s z sympa!tically z ,%akespe>e into ! he>t ( ! boy on 8 way to s*ool1 :5 he he>s ! call ( ! uncag$ birds & ! fields4 ,^! two l9es express an (t-recurr+ idea 9 ,blake's my/ical romantic v]se3-- ,! l& ( dreams is bett] f>1 ,above ! light ( ! morn+ />4 ,! volume ( ,lyrical ,ballads 7#agih71 ! jo9t "w ( ,wordswor? & ,col]idge1 m>ks ! complete victory ( ! romantic movem5t4 ,! ,position ( ,prose4--,! eighte5? c5tury1 until ne> its end1 01 broadly speak+1 an age ( prose4 ,9 excell5ce & v>iety ! prose surpass$ ! poetry2 b 9 ?is age 7#aghj-ahcg7 _! position 0 rev]s$ & poetry rega9$ almo/ an ,elizabe?an asc5dancy4 ,mu* good prose 0 writt51 b x ranks decid$ly bel[ ! en*ant+ romantic poetry4 ,prose writ]s 7 lay+ ! f\ndations = ! new sci5ce ( political economy & endeavor+ to asc]ta9 h[ ! condition ( ! masses c\ld be improv$4 ,:ile inve/igat+ ?is subject1 ,?omas ,rob]t ,mal?us 7#agff-ahcd71 an ,episcopal cl]gyman1 ann\nc$ 8 fam\s proposition1 s9ce kn[n z ! ,mal?usian !orem1 t population t5ds to increase fa/] ?an ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,political economi/s & philosoph]s l ,adam ,smi? 7#agbc-agij71 pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 agre$ on ! let-alone doctr9e ( gov]nm5t4 ,!y held t individuals c\ld succe$ be/ :5 lea/ int]f]$ ) by gov]nm5t1 t a gov]nm5t c\ld n set aside natural law1 b c\ld only imp$e x & cause h>m1 z = in/ance1 9 fram+ laws to tempt capital into =ms ( indu/ry less productive ?an o!rs & away f ! employm5t t x w\ld naturally seek4 ,_m did n ev5 believe 9 legislation affect+ ! h\rs ( labor or ! "w ( *ildr54 ,?is let-alone !ory 0 widely held until ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,9 moral philosophy1 ,j]emy ,b5?am 7#agdh-ahcb71 lawy] & philosoph]1 laid d[n ! pr9ciple t happ9ess is ! prime object ( exi/5ce1 & t ! basis ( legislation %\ld be ! greate/ happ9ess to ! greate/ numb]1 in/ead ( to ! privileg$ few4 ,he measur$ ! morality ( actions by _! effici5cy 9 produc+ ?is happ9ess1 & he said t pu%p9 is z good z poetry1 if x gives z mu* pleasure4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ,james ,mill 7#aggc-ahcf71 :o ma9ta9$ t ! morality ( actions is measur$ by _! utility4 ,! fault ) _m ( ! preval5t !ories ( gov]nm5t & morals lay 9 _! n>r[ /&>ds ( imm$iate utility1 _! failure to measure remote spiritual effects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,s\!y4 ,! ta/e ( ! age enc\rag$ poetry4 ,scott1 al?\gh a natural born writ] ( prose romance1 made 8 e>ly reputation by su* poems z ,m>mion & ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,rob]t ,s\!y 7#aggd-ahdc7 usually class$ ) ,wordswor? & ,col]idge z "o ( ! ?ree s-call$ ,lake ,poets1 wrote mu* bett] prose ?an poetry4 ,8 prose ,life ( ,nelson outranks ! poetry 9 8 ,curse ( ,kehama4 ,x is probable t1 _h he liv$ 9 an age ( prose asc5dancy1 he w\ld h writt5 little poetry1 = he di/9ctly says t ! desire ( mak+ money has already l$ me to write sometimes 9 poetry :at w\ld p]haps o!rwise h be5 bett] writt5 9 prose4 ,?is /atem5t %[s 9 a /rik+ way ! _s ( ^? times4 ,if ,col]idge _h n writt5 su* good poetry1 8 excell5t critical prose w\ld probably be m read to-day2 b he d\btless cont9ues to h a ?\s& read]s = ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] to "o = 8 prose4 ,among ! prose writ]s ( ?is age1 ! fiction ( ,scott & ,jane ,au/5 seems de/9$ to ! longe/ lease ( life & ! wide/ circle ( read]s4 ,de ,qu9cey's "w1 especially 8 arti/ic pres5tation ( 8 ?rill+ dreams1 has _m admir]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,lamb4 ,f a draw+ by ,maclise4 ,! ,essays ( ,elia ( ,*>les ,lamb 7#agge-ahcd7 /ill *>ms _m read]s4 ,= ov] ?irty ye>s he 0 by day a cl]k 9 ! ,india ,h\se & by night a /ud5t ( ! ,elizabe?an drama & a writ] ( p]iodical essays1 sugge/ive ( ! "w ( ,addison & ,/eele4 ,lamb's p]vasive humor 9 discuss+ trivial subjects makes him v delightful read+4 ,8 well-kn[n ,essays ( ,elia fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,london ,magaz9e betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcc4 ,! peculi> flavor ( 8 /yle & humor is %[n 9 8 ,a ,diss]tation ^u ,roa/-,pig1 z "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ^! ,essays is call$4 ,lamb relates h[ a ,*9ese boy1 ,bo-bo1 hav+ accid5tally set 8 h\se an fire & roa/$ a litt] ( pigs1 happ5$ to acquire a lik+ = roa/ pig :5 he suck$ 8 f+]s to cool !m aft] t\*+ a crackl+ pig4 ,x 0 consid]$ a crime to eat meat t 0 n raw2 b ! jury =tunately _h _! f+]s burn$ 9 ! same way & tri$ ,bo-bo's me?od ( cool+ !m4 ,! boy 0 promptly acquitt$4 ,lamb gravely proce$s3-- ,! judge1 :o 0 a %rewd fell[1 w9k$ at ! manife/ iniquity ( ! decision1 & :5 ! c\rt 0 dismiss$1 w5t privily & b\ght up all ! pigs t c\ld be _h = love or money4 ,9 a few days 8 lord%ip's t[n h\se 0 obs]v$ to be on fire4 ,! ?+ took w+1 & n[ !re 0 no?+ to be se5 b fires 9 e direction4 ,fuel & pigs grew enorm\sly de> all ov] ! di/rict4 ,! insurance (fices "o & all %ut up %op4 ,p built slight] & slight] e day1 until x 0 fe>$ t ! v sci5ce ( ar*itecture w\ld 9 no long "t be lo/ to ! _w4 ,?us ?is cu/om ( fir+ h\ses cont9u$1 till 9 process ( "t1 says my manuscript1 a sage arose1 l our ,locke1 :o made a discov]y t ! fle% ( sw9e1 or inde$ ( any o!r animal1 might be cook$ 7burnt z !y call$ x7 )\t ! necessity ( consum+ a :ole h\se to dress x4 ,!n began ! rude =m ( a gridiron4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo-,,bo ,,& ,,roa/ ,,pig4 ,f a draw+ by ,b4 ,we/macott4 ,o!r enjoyable essays are ,old ,*9a1 a lovable picture ( 8 home life ) 8 si/]1 ,dream ,*ildr51 ,new ,ye>'s ,eve1 & ,poor ,relations4 ,! results ( ,lamb's ,elizabe?an /udies appe>$ 9 ! excell5t ,tales f ,%akespe>e1 :i* he wrote ) 8 si/]1 & 9 8 ,specim5s ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,poets :o wrote ab\t ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e4 ,?is age produc$ mu* prose criticism4 ,col]idge rema9s "o ( ,engl&'s greate/ critics1 & ,lamb & ,de ,qu9cey are yet two ( h] mo/ enjoyable ones4 ,walt] ,savage ,l&or 7#agge-ahfd7 & ,william ,hazlitt 7#aggh-ahcj7 also des]ve m5tion 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% prose criticism4 ,bo? m5 7 unusually combative4 ,l&or 0 s5t away f ,ox=d = criticiz+ a noisy p>ty ) a %ot gun1 :i* he dis*>g$ aga9/ ! clos$ %utt]s ( ! room :]e ! roi/]]s 7 hold+ _! fe/ivities4 ,he w5t to ,italy1 :]e mo/ ( 8 lit]>y "w 0 done4 ,he avoid$ p1 & ev5 boa/$ t he took m pleasure ) 8 own ?\ghts ?an ) ^? ( o!rs4 ,= companion%ip1 he imag9$ himself conv]s+ ) o!r p4 ,! titles ( 8 be/ two works are ,imag9>y ,conv]sations 7#ahbd-ahdh7 & ,p]icles & ,aspasia 7#ahcf71 ! latt] a s]ies ( imag9>y lett]s4 ,8 writ+s are notable = _! /yle1 = an unusual comb9ation ( dignity ) simplicity & directness4 ,a /atem5t l ! foll[+ %[s h[ vigor\s & sweep+ 8 criticisms sometimes are3 ,a rib ( ,%akespe>e w\ld h made a ,milton2 ! same portion ( ,milton1 all poets born ev] s9ce4 ,9 spite ( _m spl5did passages & ( a /yle t sugge/s sculpture 9 m>ble1 tw5tie?-c5tury read]s (t5 feel t he is "u full sail1 ei!r b\nd = n[h]e1 or voyag+ to "s port :]e !y d n c>e to l&4 ,hazlitt is less poli%$1 b m sugge/ive1 & 9 clos] t\* ) life ?an ,l&or4 ,9 seiz+ ! important qualities ( an au?or's works & summ>iz+ !m 9 brief space1 ,hazlitt %[s ! skill ( a tra9$ j\rnali/4 ,8 ?ree volumes1 ,*>act]s ( ,%akespe>e's ,plays 7#ahag71 ,lectures on ! ,engli% ,poets 7#ahah71 & ,lectures on ! ,engli% ,comic ,writ]s 7#ahai7 conta9 criticism t rema9s /imulat+ & sugge/ive4 ,he loves to arrive some:]e1 to settle 8 po9ts def9itely4 ,8 discussion ( ! frequ5tly debat$ "q1--:e!r ,pope is a poet1 %[s ?is *>act]i/ic3-- ,! "q1--:e!r ,pope 0 a poet1 has h>dly yet be5 settl$1 & is h>dly wor? settl+2 = if he 0 n a great poet1 he mu/ h be5 a great prose writ]1 t is1 he 0 a great writ] ( "s sort4 ,8 two volumes ( essays1 ,! ,r\nd ,table 7#ahag7 & ,table ,talk 7#ahba-ahbb71 caus$ him to be call$ a less] ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson4 ,:ile ! combative dispositions ( ,l&or & ,hazlitt did n make !m ideal critics ( _! contempor>ies1 ! ta/e ( ! age lik$ criticism ( ! sla%+ type4 ,! newly e/abli%$ p]iodicals & reviews1 su* z ,! ,ed9burgh ,review 7/>t$ 9 #ahjb71 furni%$ a new m>ket = critical essays4 ,francis ,jeffrey 7#aggc-ahej71 editor ( ,! ,ed9burgh ,review1 accus$ ,wordswor? ( sill9ess 9 8 ,lyrical ,ballads2 & said vehem5tly ( a lat] volume ( ! same poet's v]se3 ,?is w nev] d4 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,review 9 #ahah spoke ( ! insanity ( ! poetry ( ,keats4 ,9 #ahai ,blackwood's ,ed9burgh ,magaz9e gave a fa!rly w>n+ to ,%elley t ,keats z a poet 0 wor?y ( %e] & in/ant contempt1 advis$ him to select bett] companions ?an ,johnny ,keats1 & promis$ t compliance ) ?is advice w\ld secure him abundance ( bett] praise4 ,ev5 ! m g5ial ,leigh ,hunt 7#aghd-ahei71 ! fri5d ( ,%elley & ,keats1 & ! writ] ( _m pleasant essays1 call$ ,c>lyle's /yle a j>gon got up to conf\nd pret5sion ) p]=mance4 ,we l ,hunt be/ :5 he is writ+ 9 ! ve9 ( ! ,spectator or z a m9iature ,lamb4 ,9 su* pap]s z ,an ,e>? ^u ,heav51 ,hunt tells u t 9 heav5 !re c be no cl]gym5 if !re are no (ficial duties = !m2 t we %all !re enjoy ! *oice/ books1 = ,%akespe>e & ,sp5s] %\ld write u new ones4 ,he closes ?is ent]ta9+ pap] ) ! novel assurance3 ,if we *oose1 n[ & !n we %all ev5 h inconv5i5ces4 ,,william ,,c[p]1 #agca-ahjj ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,c[p]4 ,f ! portrait by ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce4 ,life4--,c[p]'s life is a tale ( almo/ cont9ual sadness1 caus$ by 8 morbid timidity4 ,he 0 born at ,great ,b]khamp/ead1 ,h]t=d%ire1 9 #agca4 ,at ! age ( six1 he lo/ 8 "m & 0 plac$ 9 a bo>d+ s*ool4 ,"h 8 suff]+s began4 ,! *ild 0 s especially t]rifi$ by "o r\gh boy t he c\ld nev] raise 8 eyes to ! bully's face1 b knew him unmi/akably by 8 %oe buckles4 ,!re 0 "s happ9ess = ,c[p] at 8 next s*ool1 ! ,we/m9/] ,s*ool1 & also dur+ ! twelve succe$+ ye>s1 :5 he /udi$ law2 b ! %ort respite 0 foll[$ by ! gloom ( madness4 ,ow+ to 8 ungov]nable fe> ( a public exam9ation1 :i* 0 necess>y to secure ! position (f]$ by an uncle1 ,c[p] und]w5t days & nights ( agony1 dur+ :i* he tri$ 9 _m ways to end 8 mis]able life4 ,! frightful ordeal unsettl$ 8 reason1 & he sp5t eighte5 mon?s 9 an insane asylum4 ,^u 8 recov]y1 he 0 tak5 into ! h\se ( a ,rev4 ,mr4 ,unw91 ^: wife t5d$ ,c[p] z a son dur+ ! re/ ( h] life4 ,he 0 nev] supremely happy1 & he 0 sometimes aga9 ?r[n into madness by ! t]rible ?\ght ( ,god's wra?2 b 8 life 0 pass$ 9 a quiet mann] 9 ! villages ( ,we/on & ,olney1 :]e he 0 lov$ by e "o4 ,! simple pursuits ( g>d5+1 c>p5t]+1 visit+ ! sick1 c>+ = 8 num]\s pets1 rambl+ ?r\gh ! lanes1 /udy+ nature1 & writ+ v]se1 occupi$ 8 sane mom5ts :5 he 0 n at pray]4 ,works4--,c[p]'s fir/ works 7 ! ,olney ,hymns4 ,8 religi\s nature is manife/ aga9 9 ! volume :i* consi/s ( didactic poems ^u su* subjects z ,! ,progress ( ,error1 ,tru?1 ,*>ity1 ,table ,talk1 & ,conv]sation4 ,^! are 9 ! _s ( ! =mal classical poets1 & conta9 s5t5ti\s c\plets su* z ,an idl] is a wat* t wants bo? h&s1 ,z useless if x goes z :5 x /&s4#h ,vocif]at$ logic kills me q2 ,a noisy man is always 9 ! "r4#i ,illu/ration3 ,,c[p]',s ,,cottage ,,at ,,we/on4 ,! b>e didacticism ( ^! poems is s(t5$ & sweet5$ by ! g5tle1 dev\t nature ( ! poet1 & is enliv5$ by a ve9 ( pure humor4 ,he is "o ( ,engl&'s mo/ delightful lett] writ]s because ( 8 humor1 :i* ripples occasionally ov] ! /ream ( 8 con/itutional melan*oly4 ,! ,div]t+ ,hi/ory ( ,john ,gilp9 is extremely humor\s4 ,! poet seems to h =gott5 himself 9 ?is ballad & to h giv5 full expression to 8 s5se ( ! ludicr\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gilp9',s ,,ride4 ,f a draw+ by ,r4 ,caldecott4 ,! "w t has made 8 "n fam\s is ,! ,task4 ,he gave x ?is title half humor\sly because 8 fri5d1 ,lady ,au/51 _h bidd5 him write a poem 9 blank v]se ^u "s subject or o!r1 ! s(a1 = in/ance2 & he call$ ! fir/ book ( ! poem ,! ,s(a4 ,! ,task is *iefly rem>kable because x turns f ! artificial & conv5tional subjects :i* _h be5 popul>1 & describes simple beauties ( nature & ! joys ( c\ntry life4 ,c[p] says3-- ,god made ! c\ntry1 & man made ! t[n4 ,to a public acqua9t$ ) ! nature poetry ( ,burns1 ,wordswor?1 & ,t5nyson1 ,c[p]'s poem does n seem a wond]ful production4 ,appe>+ z x did1 h[ev]1 dur+ ! asc5dancy ( ,pope's influ5ce1 :5 ari/ocratic city life 0 ! only !me = v]se1 ,! ,task is a /rik+ly orig9al "w4 ,x m>ks a *ange f ! artificial /yle ( eighte5? c5tury poetry & proclaims ! dawn ( ! natural /yle ( ! new s*ool4 ,he :o c\ld write (-- 444rills t slip ,?r\gh ! cleft rock1 & *im+ z !y fall ,^u loose pebbles1 lose !mselves at l5g? ,9 matt$ grass1 t ) a liveli] gre5 ,betrays ! secret ( _! sil5t c\rse1 0 a wor?y =]unn] ( ,%elley & ,keats4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,c[p]'s religi\s f]vor 0 ! /ronge/ elem5t 9 bo? 8 life & 8 writ+s4 ,p]haps t :i* next appeal$ to 8 nature 0 ! pa!tic4 ,he _h consid]able ma/]y ( pa?os1 z may be se5 9 ! draw+ ( craz$ ,kate 9 ,! ,task1 9 ! l9es ,to ,m>y1 & 9 ! t\*+ly beautiful poem ,on ! ,receipt ( ,my ,"m's ,picture out ( ,norfolk1 beg9n+ ) t well-kn[n l9e3-- ,oh t ^? lips _h language6 ,! two mo/ attractive *>act]i/ics ( 8 works are ref9$1 g5tle humor & a simple & true mann] ( pictur+ rural sc5es & incid5ts4 ,he says t he describ$ no spot :i* he _h n se51 & express$ no emotion :i* he _h n felt4 ,9 ?is way1 he re/rict$ ! range ( 8 subjects & display$ a some:at lit]al m9d2 b :at he _h se5 & felt he t\*$ ) a light fancy & ) consid]able imag9ative p[]4 ,,rob]t ,,burns1 #agei-agif ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,nasmy?1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bir?place ,,( ,,burns4 ,life4--,! greate/ ( ,scotti% poets 0 born 9 a peasant's clay-built cottage1 a mile & a half s\? ( ,ayr4 ,8 fa!r 0 a man ^: morality1 indu/ry1 & zeal = education made him an admirable p>5t4 ,= a picture ( 8 fa!r & ! home influ5ces "u :i* ! boy 0 re>$1 ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night %\ld be read4 ,! poet _h little =mal s*ool+1 b "u pat]nal influ5ce he le>n$ h[ to tea* himself4 ,until 8 tw5ty-eigh? ye>1 ,rob]t ,burns 0 an ord9>y labor] on "o or ano!r ( ! ,ayr%ire t5ant f>ms :i* 8 fa!r or bro!rs leas$4 ,at ! age ( fifte51 he 0 work$ beyond 8 /r5g? 9 do+ a man's full labor4 ,he call$ 8 life on ! ,ayr%ire f>ms ! unceas+ toil ( a galley slave4 ,all 8 life he f\ght a h&-to-h& fight ) pov]ty4 ,9 #aghf1 :5 he 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old1 he resolv$ to ab&on ! /ruggle & seek a position 9 ! f>-(f isl& ( ,jamaica4 ,9 ord] to secure money = 8 passage1 he publi%$ "s poems :i* he _h ?\ght out :ile foll[+ ! pl[ or re/+ aft] ! day's toil4 ,six hundr$ copies 7 pr9t$ at ?ree %ill+s ea*4 ,all 7 sold 9 a little ov] a mon?4 ,a copy ( ?is ,kilm>nock edition has s9ce sold 9 ,ed9burgh = #egb4 ,8 fame f t little volume has gr[n z mu* z its monet>y value4 ,"s ,ed9burgh critics prais$ ! poems v highly & sugge/$ a second edition4 ,burns !re=e ab&on$ ! idea ( go+ to ,jamaica & w5t to ,ed9burgh to arrange = a new edition4 ,"h he 0 ent]ta9$ by ! =emo/ m51 "s ( :om wi%$ to see h[ a pl[man w\ld behave 9 polite society1 :ile o!rs desir$ to gaze on :at !y reg>d$ z a freak ( nature4 ,! new volume appe>$ 9 #aghg1 & conta9$ b few poems :i* _h n be5 publi%$ ! previ\s ye>4 ,! foll[+ w9t] he aga9 w5t to ,ed9burgh2 b hav+ %ock$ society by 8 intemp]ate habits1 he 0 almo/ totally neglect$ by ! lead]s ( lit]ature & fa%ion4 ,9 #aghh ,burns m>ri$ ,jean ,arm\r & took h] to a f>m :i* he leas$ 9 ,dumfries%ire4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is new p]iod 0 ! happie/ 9 8 life4 ,%e has be5 immortaliz$ 9 8 songs3-- ,i see h] 9 ! dewy fl[]s1 ,i see h] sweet & fair3 ,i he> h] 9 ! tunefu' birds1 ,i he> h] *>m ! air3 ,!re's n a bonie fl[] t spr+s ,by f\nta91 %aw1 or gre5 ,!re's n a bonie bird t s+s1 ,b m9ds me o' my ,jean4#aj ,z ?is f>m prov$ unpr(itable1 ,burns appeal$ to influ5tial p]sons = "s position t w\ld enable him to support 8 family & write poetry4 ,?is 0 an age ( p5sions1 b n a f>?+ ( p5sion did he ev] get4 ,he 0 made an exciseman or gaug]1 at a sal>y ( #ej a ye>1 & he foll[$ t occupation = ! few rema9+ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,rob]t ,burns wrote & did "s ?+s unwor?y ( a great poet2 b :5 ,scotl& ?9ks ( him1 %e quotes ! l9es :i* he wrote = ,tam ,samson's ,elegy3-- ,heav'n re/ 8 saul1 :>e'er he be6 ,is ?' wi% o' mony mae ?an me3 ,he _h twa faults1 or maybe ?ree1 ,yet :at remead8#aa ,ae social1 hone/ man want we4 ,burns's ,poetic ,cre$4--,we c und]/& & enjoy ,burns mu* bett] if we "k 8 object 9 writ+ poetry & ! po9t ( view f :i* he reg>d$ life4 ,x w\ld be h>d to fancy ! int5sity ( ! %ock :i* ! s*ool ( ,pope w\ld h felt on read+ ?is /atem5t ( ! poor pl[man's poetic cre$3-- ,gie me ae sp>k o' ,nature's fire1 ,t's a' ! le>n+ ,i desire2 ,!n ?o' ,i drudge ?ro' dub an' mire ,at pleugh or c>t1 ,my ,muse1 ?\gh hamely 9 attire1 ,may t\* ! he>t4#ab ,burns's he>t _h be5 t\*$ ) ! loves & sorr[s ( life1 & x 0 8 ambition to s+ s naturally ( ^! z to t\* ! he>ts ( o!rs4 ,) su* an object 9 view1 he did n disda9 to use 9 8 be/ productions mu* ( ! ,scotti% dialect1 ! v]nacul> ( ! pl[man & ! %eph]d4 ,! lit]>y m5 ( ,ed9burgh1 :o w\ld r h be5 convict$ ( a brea* ( etiquette ?an ( a ,scotticism1 tri$ to induce him to write pure ,engli%2 b ! ,scot* words :i* he fir/ he>d f 8 "m's lips seem$ to possess m o' ,nature's fire4 ,he end$ by t\*+ ! he>t ( ,scotl& & mak+ h] feel m pr\d ( ?is dialect1 ( him1 & ( h]self4 ,illu/ration3 ,,burns ,,& ,,highl& ,,m>y4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,james ,ar*]4 ,union ( ! ,elizabe?an ) ! ,revolution>y ,_s4--,9 no respect does ! poetry ( ,burns m completely "p company ) ! productions ( ! classical s*ool ?an 9 ! expression ( feel+4 ,! emotional fire ( ,elizabe?an times 0 re/or$ to lit]ature4 ,no poet except ,%akespe>e has ev] writt5 m nobly impassion$ love songs4 ,burns's song beg9n+3-- ,ae fond kiss & !n we sev] seem$ to bo? ,byron & ,scott to conta9 ! ess5ce ( a ?\s& love tales4 ,?is unaffect$1 passionate treatm5t ( love _h long be5 abs5t f our lit]ature2 b int5sity ( g5u9e feel+ reappe>$ 9 ,burns's ,highl& ,m>y1 ,i ,love ,my ,jean1 ,f>ewell to ,nancy1 ,to ,m>y 9 ,heav51 ,o ,w]t ,?\ 9 ! ,cauld ,bla/1 :i* la/ ,m5delssohn ?\ght exquisite en\gh to set to music4 ,! poetry ( ,burns ?robs ) v>y+ emotions4 ,x has be5 well said t ! ess5ce ( ! lyric is to describe ! passion ( ! mom5t4 ,burns is a ma/] 9 ?is field4 ,! _s ( revolution aga9/ ! bondage & cold =malism ( ! pa/ made ! poor man feel t 8 place 9 ! _w 0 z dignifi$1 8 happ9ess z important1 z t ( ! ri*4 ,a feel+ ( sympa?y = ! oppress$ & ! helpless also rea*$ beyond man to animals4 ,burns wrote t\*+ l9es ab\t a m\se ^: ne/ 01 "o cold ,novemb] day1 de/roy$ by 8 pl[4 ,:5 ! wild eddy+ swirl ( ! sn[ beat ar\nd 8 cot1 8 he>t w5t out to ! poor %eep1 cattle1 & birds4 ,burns c1 !re=e1 claim k9%ip ) ! ,elizabe?ans because ( 8 love songs1 :i* 9 dep? ( feel+ & beauty ( natural utt]ance %[ some?+ ( ,%akespe>e's magic4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! poetry ( ,burns voices ! democratic _s ( ! ,revolution4 ,treatm5t ( ,nature4--,9 8 v]ses1 ! autumn w9ds bl[ ov] yell[ corn2 ! fogs melt 9 limpid air2 ! bir*es ext5d _! fragrant arms dress$ 9 woodb9e2 ! lov]s are com+ ?r\gh ! rye2 ! daisy spreads h] sn[y bosom to ! sun2 ! we/l9 w9ds bl[ fragrant ) dewy fl[]s & musical ) ! melody ( birds2 ! brook fl[s pa/ ! lov]'s ,ed51 :]e summ] fir/ unfolds h] robes & t>ries longe/1 because ( ! r>e/ bewit*+ en*antm5t ( ! poet's tale told !re4 ,9 8 poetry ^? conv5tional birds1--! l>k & ! night+ale1--d n hold ! *ief place4 ,8 v]ses %[ t ! s\rce ( 8 k ( birds is n to be s\ght 9 books4 ,we cat* glimpses ( gr\se cropp+ hea!r buds1 ( :irr+ flocks ( p>tridges1 ( ! sooty coot & ! speckl$ teal1 ( ! fi%] h]ons1 ( ! gre5-cre/$ lapw+1 ( clamor+ craiks among fields ( fl[]+ clov]1 ( rob9s *e]+ ! p5sive autumn1 ( l9t:ites *ant+ among ! buds1 ( ! mavis s++ dr[sy day to re/4 ,x is true t on ! poetic /age ( ,burns1 man always /&s 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,nature is employ$ 9 ord] to give human emotion a prop] backgr\nd4 ,burns *ose ^? aspects ( nature :i* h>moniz$ ) 8 pres5t mood1 b ! natural objects 9 8 pages are none ! less enjoyable = t reason4 ,sometimes 8 songs compla9 if nature seems gay :5 he is sad1 b ?is contra/ is employ$ to ?r[ a /rong] light on 8 woes4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,m p (t5 visit ! bir?place ( ,burns ne> ,ayr ?an ( ,%akespe>e at ,/rat=d-on-,avon4 ,:at qualities 9 ,burns acc\nt = su* popul>ity8 ,! fact t ! ,scot* are an unusually patriotic p & make _m pilgrimages to ! l& ( ,burns is only a p>tial answ] to ?is "q4 ,! complete answ] is to be f\nd 9 a /udy ( ,burns's *>act]i/ics4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ) 8 sp>k o' ,nature's fire1 he has t\*$ ! he>ts ( m ( ! rank & file ( humanity ?an ev5 ,%akespe>e himself4 ,! songs ( ,burns m9i/] 9 ! simple/ & mo/ direct way to e "o ( ! common feel+s ( ! human he>t4 ,%akespe>e surpasses all o!rs 9 pa9t+ univ]sal human nature1 b he is n always simple4 ,sometimes 8 audi5ce consi/s ( only ! cultur$ few4 ,especially enjoyable is ! humor ( ,burns1 :i* usually displays a k9dly & intuitive sympa?y ) human weakness4 ,tam o' ,%ant]1 8 greate/ poem1 keeps ! read] smil+ or laugh+ f beg9n+ to end4 ,:5 ! ,scotti% ,muse pr\dly plac$ on 8 br[ ! holly wrea?1 %e happily emphasiz$ two ( 8 conspicu\s qualities1--8 love & mir?1 :5 %e said3-- ,i saw !e eye ! g5'ral mir? ,) b\ndless love4#ac ,burns is "o ( ! great ma/]s ( lyrical v]se4 ,he pref]r$ t =m4 ,he wrote nei!r epic nor dramatic poetry4 ,he excels 9 %ort swall[ flights ( song4 ,!re are n _m ways 9 :i* a poet c keep l>g] audi5ces or come ne>] to !m ?an by writ+ v]ses t naturally l5d !mselves to daily song4 ,!re are few p]sons1 f ! peasant to ! "l1 :o h n sung "s ( ,burns's songs su* z ,auld ,lang ,syne1 ,com+ ?r\gh ! ,rye1 ,john ,&]son my ,jo1 or ,scots ,:a hae wi' ,wallace ,bl$4 ,s9ce ! day ( 8 dea?1 ! audi5ces ( ,rob]t ,burns h = ^! reasons cont9ually gr[n l>g]4 ,,walt] ,,scott1 #agga-ahcb ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,william ,ni*olson4 ,life4--,walt] ,scott1 ! son ( a solicitor1 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #agga4 ,9 *ildhood he 0 su* an invalid t he 0 all[$ to foll[ 8 own b5t )\t mu* attempt at =mal education4 ,he 0 tak5 to ! c\ntry1 :]e he acquir$ a la/+ fondness = animals & wild sc5]y4 ,) 8 fir/ few %ill+s he b\ght ! collection ( e>ly ballads & songs kn[n z ,p]cy's ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,engli% ,poetry4 ,( ?is he says1 ,i d n believe ,i ev] read a book half s frequ5tly1 or ) half ! en?usiasm4 ,8 gr&mo!r us$ to delight him ) ! tales ( adv5ture on ! ,scotti% bord]4 ,lat]1 ,scott w5t to ! ,ed9burgh ,high ,s*ool & to ! ,univ]sity4 ,at ! ,high ,s*ool he %[$ wond]ful g5ius = tell+ /ories to ! boys4 ,i made a bright] figure 9 ! y>ds ?an 9 ! class1 he says ( himself at ?is "t4 ,?is e>ly practice ( relat+ tales & not+ :at held ! att5tion ( 8 classmates 0 excell5t tra9+ = ! future ,wiz>d ( ! ,nor?4 ,aft] ! appr5tice%ip to 8 fa!r1 ! son 0 call$ to ! b> & began ! practice ( law4 ,he (t5 left 8 (fice to travel ov] ! ,scotti% c\nties 9 se>* ( leg5d>y ballads1 songs1 & traditions1 a collection ( :i* he publi%$ "u ! title ( ,m9/relsy ( ! ,scotti% ,bord]4 ,9 #agig he m>ri$ ,miss ,*>lotte ,c>p5t]1 :o _h an income ( #ejj a ye>4 ,9 #agii1 hav+ obta9$ ! (fice ( %]iff ( ,selkirk%ire at an annual sal>y ( #cjj1 ) v light duties1 he f\nd himself able to neglect law = lit]ature4 ,8 e>ly fre$om f pov]ty is 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! condition ( 8 fell[ ,scotsman1 ,rob]t ,burns4 ,dur+ ! p]iod betwe5 ?irty & =ty ye>s ( age1 he wrote 8 be/ poems4 ,n until he 0 ne>ly =ty-?ree did he discov] :]e 8 greate/ p[]s lay4 ,he !n publi%$ ,wav]ley1 ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( novels kn[n by t g5]al "n4 ,dur+ ! rema9+ eighte5 ye>s ( 8 life he wrote tw5ty-n9e novels1 besides _m o!r works1 su* z ! ,life ( ,napoleon 9 n9e volumes1 & an ent]ta9+ "w on ,scotti% hi/ory "u ! title ( ,tales ( a ,gr&fa!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,abbots=d1 ,,home ,,( ,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,! crisis t %[$ ,scott's /]l+ "* came 9 ! w9t] ( #ahbe-ahbf1 :5 an ,ed9burgh publi%+ firm 9 :i* he 0 int]e/$ fail$ & left an 8 %\ld]s a debt ( #aag1jjj4 ,_h he be5 a man ( less honor1 he might h tak5 advantage ( ! bankrupt law1 :i* w\ld h left 8 future e>n+s free f pa/ claims2 b he refus$ to take any /ep t w\ld remove 8 obligation to pay ! debt4 ,at ! age ( fifty f\r1 he ab&on$ 8 happy dream ( f\nd+ ! h\se ( ,scott ( ,abbots=d & sat d[n to pay (f ! debt ) 8 p54 ,! example ( su* a life is bett] ?an ! f9e/ s]mon on honor4 ,he wrote ) almo/ inconceivable rapidity4 ,8 novel ,wood/ock1 ! product ( ?ree mon?s' "w1 br\ght him #hbbh4 ,9 f\r ye>s he paid #gj1jjj to 8 cr$itors4 ,"o day ! te>s roll$ d[n 8 *eeks because he c\ld no long] =ce 8 f+]s to grasp ! p54 ,! k+ (f]$ him a man-(-w> 9 :i* to make a voyage to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,hop+ to rega9 8 heal?1 ,scott made ! trip1 b ! re/ came too late4 ,he return$ to ,abbots=d 9 a s9k+ condition1 & di$ 9 #ahcb1 at ! age ( sixty-"o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scott',s ,,grave ,,9 ,,dryburgh ,,abbey4 ,poetry4--,scott's ?ree greate/ poems are ,! ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel 7#ahje71 ,m>mion 7#ahjh71 & ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake 7#ahaj74 ,!y belong to ! di/9ct class ( /ory-tell+ poetry4 ,l _m ( ! ballads 9 ,p]cy's collection1 ^! poems are /ories ( old feuds betwe5 ! ,highl&] & ! ,l[l&]1 & betwe5 ! bord] lords ( ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,^! romantic tales ( h]oic battles1 ?rill+ incid5ts1 & love adv5tures1 are told 9 fre%1 vigor\s v]se1 :i* brea!s ! free air ( wild nature & moves ) ! prance ( a w> horse4 ,outside ( ,hom]1 we c n[h]e f9d a bett] description ( a battle ?an 9 ! six? canto ( ,m>mion3 ,a ,tale ( ,flodd5 ,field3-- ,!y close1 9 cl\ds ( smoke & du/1 ,) sword sway & ) lance's ?ru/2 ,& su* a yell 0 !re1 ,( sudd5 & port5t\s bir?1 ,z if m5 f\ght ^u ! e>?1 ,& fi5ds 9 upp] air2 99 99 99 99 99 ,& 9 ! smoke ! p5nons flew1 ,z 9 ! /orm ! :ite sea mew4 ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 an extremely int]e/+ /ory ( romantic love & adv5ture1 has be5 ! mo/ popul> ( ,scott's poems4 ,lo* ,katr9e & ! ,trossa*s1 :]e ! sc5e ( ! op5+ cantos is laid1 h s9ce ,scott's day be5 ?rong$ ) t\ri/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lo* ,,katr9e ,,& ,,ell5',s ,,isle4 ,! mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ic ( ,scott's poetry is its en]getic movem5t4 ,_m s*oolboys "k by he>t ^? dramatic l9es :i* express ,m>mion's defiance ( ,d\glas1 & ! ballad ( ,lo*9v>1 :i* is alive ) ! movem5ts ( tireless y\?4 ,^! poems h an int]e/+ /ory to tell1 n ( ! ?\ghts1 b ( ! de$s1 ( ! *>act]s4 ,scott is /rangely free f n9ete5? c5tury introspection4 ,hi/orical ,fiction4--,see+ t ,byron c\ld surpass him z a poet1 & f9d+ t 8 own g5ius 0 be/ adapt$ to writ+ prose tales1 ,scott turn$ to ! composition ( 8 great romances4 ,9 #ahad he publi%$ ,wav]ly1 a /ory ( ! attempt ( ! ,jacobite ,pret5d] to recov] ! ,engli% ?rone 9 #agde4 ,sev5te5 ( ,scott's works ( fiction are hi/orical4 ,:5 we wi% a vivid picture ( ! "t ( ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,lion1 ( ! knight & ! ca/le1 ( ! ,saxon sw9eh]d ,gur? & ( ! ,norman ma/] :o ate ! pork1 we may read ,ivanhoe4 ,if we desire "s read+ t w make ! ,crusad]s live aga91 we f9d x 9 ! pages ( ,! ,talisman4 ,:5 we wi% an ent]ta9+ /ory ( ! brilliant days ( ,elizabe?1 we turn to ,k5ilwor?4 ,if we are mov$ by admiration = ! ,scot* ,cov5ant]s to seek a /ory ( _! times1 we h ,scott's true/ hi/orical tale1 ,old ,mortality4 ,%ortly aft] ?is /ory appe>$1 ,"l ,holl& 0 ask$ 8 op9ion ( x4 ,op9ion6 he exclaim$2 we did n "o ( u g to b$ la/ night--no?+ slept b my g\t4 ,! man :o c\ld ?us *>m 8 read]s 0 call$ ! ,wiz>d ( ! ,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,f a life sket* by ,maclise4 ,scott is ! creator ( ! hi/orical novel1 :i* has advanc$ on ! g5]al l9es m>k$ out by him4 ,c>lyle t]sely says3 ,^! hi/orical novels h taught all m5 ?is tru?1 :i* looks l a truism1 & yet 0 z good z unkn[n to writ]s ( hi/ory & o!rs till s taught3 t ! by-gone ages ( ! _w 7 actually fill$ by liv+ m51 n by protocols1 /ate pap]s1 controv]sies1 & ab/ractions ( m54 ,! hi/ory 9 ,scott's novels is n always absolutely accurate4 ,to meet ! exig5cies ( 8 plot1 he sometimes takes lib]ties ) ! ev5ts ( hi/ory1 & !re are occasional ana*ronisms 9 8 "w4 ,read]s may re/ assur$1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ prom95t /rokes ( 8 bru% w convey a suffici5tly accurate idea ( c]ta9 phases ( hi/ory4 ,al?\gh ! hair l9es 9 8 pictures may be neglect$1 mo/ p]sons c le>n m tru? f /udy+ 8 gall]y ( hi/oric sc5es ?an f por+ ov] volumes ( docum5ts & /ate pap]s4 ,scott does n look at life f e po9t ( view4 ,! read] ( ,ivanhoe1 = in/ance1 %\ld be caution$ aga9/ ?9k+ t x pres5ts a complete picture ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x %[s ! bright1 ! noble side ( *ivalry1 b n all ! brutality1 ignorance1 & mis]y ( ! times4 ,novels t are n ,hi/orical4--,twelve ( ,scott's novels conta9 b few attempts to repres5t hi/oric ev5ts4 ,! greate/ ( ^! novels are ,guy ,mann]+1 ,! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian1 ,! ,antiqu>y1 & ,! ,bride ( ,lamm]moor4 ,scott said t 8 mo/ rapid "w 0 8 be/4 ,guy ,mann]+1 an admirable picture ( ,scotti% life & mann]s1 0 writt5 9 six weeks4 ,"s ( its *>act]s1 l ,dom9ie ,sampson1 ! p$agogue1 ,meg ,m]rilies1 ! gypsy1 & ,dick ,hatt]aick1 ! smuggl]1 h m life ?an _m ( ! p we meet4 ,a c5tury be=e1 ,pope said t mo/ wom5 _h no *>act]s at all4 ,8 writ+s t5d to %[ t ?is 0 8 real conviction1 z x 0 t ( _m o!rs dur+ ! "t :5 ,%akespe>e 0 little read4 ,! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian pres5ts 9 ,jeanie ,deans a woman ^: "* & fem99e qualities h won ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,scott c\ld n pa9t wom5 9 ! high] walks ( life4 ,he 0 s *ivalr\s t he 0 prone to make su* wom5 too p]fect1 b 8 humble ,scot* lass ,jeanie ,deans is "o ( 8 greate/ creations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scott',s ,,desk ,,at ,,abbots=d4 ,:5 we note ! va/ numb] ( *>act]s drawn by 8 p51 we are a/oni%$ to f9d t he repeats s little4 ,_m noveli/s write only "o orig9al novel4 ,_! succe$+ works are m]ely repetitions ( ! fir/4 ,! h]o may h put on a new suit ( clo!s & ! h]o9e may h diff]5t color$ hair1 or ea* may be giv5 a new mann]ism1 b !re is no?+ really new 9 "*1 & v little 9 incid5t4 ,ye> aft] ye>1 h[ev]1 ,scott wrote ) wond]ful rapidity1 )\t repeat+ 8 *>act]s or 8 plots4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,all critics are impress$ ) ! heal?9ess ( ,scott's "w1 ) its fre$om f :at is morbid or debas+4 ,8 /ories display m>k$ en]gy & movem5t1 & b little subtle analysis ( feel+s & motives4 ,he aim$ at broad & /rik+ effects4 ,we d n f9d mu* developm5t ( "* 9 8 pages4 ,8 *>act]s h ! brilliance & ! fixity ( portraits4 ,scott does n p>ticul>ly c>e to del9eate ! int5se passion ( love4 ,only "o ( 8 novels1 ,! ,bride ( ,lamm]moor1 is aflame ) ?is ov]ma/]+ emotion4 ,he delights 9 adv5ture4 ,he places 8 *>act]s 9 unusual & dang]\s situations1 & he has succe$$ 9 mak+ u feel 8 own int]e/ 9 ! outcome4 ,he has on a l>g] scale _m ( ! qualities t we may note 9 ! ,am]ican noveli/ ,coop]1 ^: be/ /ories are tales ( adv5ture 9 ! =e/ or on ! sea4 ,l him1 ,scott %[s lack ( c>e 9 ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces4 ,few ( ! mo/ cultur$ p ( to-day c\ld1 h[ev]1 write at ,scott's breakneck spe$ & make z few slips4 ,scott has f> m humor & v>iety ?an ,coop]4 ,scott's romanticism is se5 9 8 love = sup]natural ag5cies1 :i* figure 9 _m ( 8 /ories4 ,8 fondness = adv5ture1 = my/]y1 = ! ru% ( battle1 = color & %>p contra/1 & 8 love = ! pa/ are also romantic traits4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 he falls into ! classical fault ( ov]description & ( leav+ too little to ! imag9ation4 ,9 ! v>iety ( 8 creations1 he is equal$ by no "o4 ,he did m ?an any o!r pione] to aid fiction 9 de?ron+ ! drama4 ,8 influ5ce c be se5 9 ! hi/orical novels ( almo/ e nation4 ,,jane ,,au/51 #agge-ahag ,illu/ration3 ,,jane ,,au/54 ,f an orig9al family portrait4 ,life & ,works4--,:ile ,sir ,walt] ,scott 0 lay+ ! f\ndations ( 8 l>ge family e/ates & rec\nt+ ! /ory ( battles1 *ivalry1 & brig&age1 a quiet little woman1 almo/ unm9dful ( ! great _w1 0 enliv5+ h] fa!r's p>sonage & writ+ ab\t ! cl]gy1 ! old maids1 ! %ort-sight$ mo!rs1 ! m>riageable daught]s1 & o!r p t figure 9 village life4 ,?is *e]y1 sprightly "y woman 0 ,jane ,au/51 :o 0 born 9 ,/ev5ton1 ,hamp%ire1 9 #agge4 ,%e sp5t ne>ly all h] life 9 ,hamp%ire1 :i* furni%$ h] ) ! *ief mat]ial = h] novels4 ,%e lov$ ! quiet life ( small c\ntry villages & int]pret$ x ) r>e sympa?y & a ke5 s5se ( humor1 z is %[n 9 ! foll[+ l9es f ,pride & ,prejudice3-- ',oh1 ,mr4 ,b5net1 y are want$ imm$iately2 we are all 9 an upro>6 ,y mu/ come & make ,lizzy m>ry ,mr4 ,coll9s1 = %e v[s %e w n h him2 & if y d n make ha/e he w *ange 8 m9d & n h h]6' ',come "h1 *ild1' cri$ h] fa!r 444 ',i und]/& t ,mr4 ,coll9s has made y an (f] ( m>riage4 ,is x true8' ,elizabe? repli$ t x 04 ',v well--& ?is (f] ( m>riage y h refus$8' ',i h1 sir4' ',v well4 ,we n[ come to ! po9t4 ,y\r "m insi/s ^u y\r accept+ x4 ,is x n s1 ,mrs4 ,b5net8' ',yes1 or ,i w nev] see h] aga94' ',an unhappy alt]native is be=e y1 ,elizabe?4 ,f ?is day y mu/ be a /rang] to "o ( y\r p>5ts4 ,y\r "m w nev] see y aga9 if y d n m>ry ,mr4 ,coll9s1 & ,i w nev] see y aga9 if y d6' ,%e began h] lit]>y "w e>ly1 & at ! age ( sixte5 %e _h accumulat$ q a pile ( manuscripts4 ,%e wrote z "s arti/s pa9t1 = ! pure joy ( ! "w1 & %e nev] all[$ h] "n to appe> on a title page4 ,! majority ( h] acqua9tances did n ev5 suspect h] ( ! guilt ( au?or%ip4 ,%e dislik$ ,go?ic romances1 su* z ,! ,my/]ies ( ,udolpho1 & %e wrote ,nor?ang] ,abbey z a burlesque ( t type4 ,9 ?is /ory ! h]o9e1 ,ca!r9e ,morel&1 :o has be5 f$ on su* lit]ature1 is invit$ to visit ,nor?ang] ,abbey 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 :]e ) an imag9ation resolv$ on al>m1 %e is prep>$ to be agitat$ by exp]i5ces ( trapdoors & subt]ranean passages4 ,on ! fir/ night ( h] visit1 a viol5t /orm1 ) its my/]i\s noises1 s]ves to ar\se ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ,go?ic feel+s2 b :5 ! complete awak5+ comes & ! visions ( romance are ov]1 ,ca!r9e realizes t real life is n fruitful ( su* horrors z are depict$ 9 h] favorite novels4 ,pride & ,prejudice is usually consid]$ ,jane ,au/5's be/ "w1 al?\gh ,s5se & ,s5sibility1 ,emma1 ,mansfield ,p>k1 & ,p]suasion h _! ard5t admir]s4 ,9 fact1 !re is an increas+ numb] ( discrim9at+ read]s :o enjoy almo/ ev]y?+ t %e wrote4 ,dur+ ! la/ five ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 %e produc$ "s ( h] be/ novels1 al?\gh !y 7 n publi%$ until ! p]iod betwe5 #ahaa & #ahah4 ,! sc5es ( h] /ories are laid = ! mo/ "p 9 small ,hamp%ire villages1 ) :i* %e 0 ?or\ghly famili>1 ! *>act]s be+ tak5 f ! middle class & ! g5try ) :om %e 0 ?r[n4 ,simple dome/ic episodes & ord9>y p1 liv+ some:at monoton\s & n>r[ lives1 satisfy h]4 ,%e exhibits wond]ful skill 9 fa%ion+ ^! into slight b ent]ta9+ n>ratives4 ,9 ,pride & ,prejudice1 = example1 %e creates "s refre%+ situations by oppos+ ,philip ,d>cy's pride to ,elizabe? ,b5net's prejudice4 ,%e manages ! long-delay$ reconciliation betwe5 ^! two lov]s ) a tact t %[s true g5ius & a k ( ! human he>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jane ,,au/5',s ,,desk4 ,a /rong feature ( ,jane ,au/5's novels is h] subtle1 c>eful mann] ( draw+ "*4 ,%e p]ceives ) an intuitive ref9em5t ! delicate %ad+s ( emotion1 & describes !m ) ! utmo/ c>e & detail4 ,h] h]o9es are especially f9e1 ea* "o hav+ an int]e/+ individuality1 ?or\ghly natural & womanly4 ,! m9or *>act]s 9 ,miss ,au/5's works are usually qua9t & orig9al4 ,%e sees ! oddities & foibles ( p ) ! insight ( ! true humori/1 & pa9ts !m ) mo/ dext]\s cunn+4 ,william ,d4 ,h[ells1 ! *ief ,am]ican reali/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 wrote 9 #ahia ( h] & h] novels3-- ,%e 0 great & !y 7 beautiful because %e & !y 7 hone/ & dealt ) nature ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ago z realism deals ) x to-day4 ,realism is no?+ m & no?+ less ?an ! tru?ful treatm5t ( mat]ial4 ,%e 01 inde$1 a great reali/1 & x seems /range t %e & ,scott1 ! great romantici/1 %\ld h be5 contempor>ies4 ,scott 0 bo? broad & big-he>t$ en\gh to sum up h] *ief *>act]i/ics z foll[s3-- ,t "y lady has a tal5t = describ+ ! involvem5ts ( feel+s & *>act]s ( ord9>y life1 :i* is to me ! mo/ wond]ful ,i ev] met )4 ,! big b[-w[ /ra9 ,i c d myself1 l any "o go+2 b ! exquisite t\* :i* r5d]s commonplace ?+s & *>act]s int]e/+ f ! tru? ( ! description & ! s5tim5t is d5i$ to me4 ,%e di$ 9 #ahag at ! age ( =ty-"o & 0 buri$ 9 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 f\rte5 miles f h] bir?place4 ,! m]it ( h] "w 0 app>5t to only a v few at ! "t ( h] dea?4 ,lat] ye>s h sl[ly br\ght a j recognition ( ! important position t %e holds 9 ! hi/ory ( ! reali/ic novel ( daily life4 ,( /ill great] significance to ! majority is ! fact t ! subtle *>m ( h] /ories cont9ues to w9 = h] an enl>g$ circle ( read]s4 ,,william ,,wordswor?1 #aggj-ahej ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,wordswor?4 ,aft] ! portrait by ,b4,r4 ,haydon4 ,e>ly ,life & ,tra9+4--,william ,wordswor? 0 born 9 ,cock]m\?1 ,cumb]l&1 9 #aggj4 ,he w5t to s*ool 9 8 n9? ye> at ,hawk%ead1 a village on ! banks ( ,e/hwaite ,wat]1 9 ! he>t ( ! ,lake ,c\ntry4 ,! travel] :o takes ! pleasant j\rney on foot or coa* f ,w9d]m]e to ,coni/on1 passes ?r\gh ,hawk%ead1 :]e he may see ,wordswor?'s "n cut 9 a desk ( ! s*ool :i* he att5d$4 ,( great] int]e/ is ! sc5]y :i* contribut$ s mu* to 8 education & aid$ 8 developm5t into ,engl&'s greate/ nature poet4 ,we le>n f 8 autobiographical poem1 ,! ,prelude1 :at exp]i5ces mold$ him 9 boyhood4 ,he says t !-- 444common face ( ,nature spake to me ,rememb]able ?+s4 ,9 ?is poem he relates h[ he absorb$ into 8 inmo/ be+ ! orange sky ( ev5+1 ! curl+ mi/1 ! la/ autumnal crocus1 ! s\ls ( lonely places1 & ! huge peak1 :i* t]rifi$ him at nightfall by seem+ to /ride aft] him & :i* awoke 9 him a-- 444dim & und]m9$ s5se ,( unkn[n modes ( be+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,boy ,,( ,,w9&]4 ,f mural pa9t+ by ,h4,o4 ,walk]1 ,congressional ,libr>y1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,9 8 fam\s l9es on ! ,boy ( ,w9&]1 ,wordswor? tells h[-- 444! voice ,( m\nta9 torr5ts2 or ! visible sc5e ,w\ld ent] unaw>es into 8 m9d ,) all its solemn imag]y1 its rocks1 ,its woods1 & t unc]ta9 heav51 receiv$ ,into ! bosom ( ! /eady lake4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he ent]$ ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ aft] a f\r ye>s' c\rse4 ,he speaks ( himself !re z a dream] pass+ ?r\gh a dream4 ,!re came to him ! /range feel+ t he 0 n = t h\r nor = t place2 & yet he says t he 0 n unmov$ by 8 daily association ) ! haunts ( 8 illu/ri\s pr$ecessors1 or (-- ,sweet ,sp5s]1 mov+ ?r\gh 8 cl\d$ heav5 ,) ! moon's beauty & ! moon's s(t pace1 & ( ,milton ^: s\l seem$ to ,wordswor? l a />4 ,influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4--,8 travels on ! cont95t 9 8 la/ vacation & aft] 8 graduation br\ght him 9 contact ) ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ( :i* he felt ! inspir+ influ5ce4 ,he 0 fond ( *ildr51 & ! sight ( a poor little ,fr5* peasant girl seems to h be5 "o ( ! ma9 causes lead+ him to become an ard5t revolutioni/4 ,! ,prelude tells 9 concrete fullness h[ he walk$ along ! banks ( ! ,loire ) 8 fri5d1 a ,fr5* patriot3-- 444,& :5 we *anc$ ,"o day to meet a hung]-bitt5 girl1 ,:o crept along fitt+ h] languid gait ,unto a heif]'s motion1 by a cord ,ti$ to h] arm1 & pick+ ?us f ! lane ,its su/5ance1 :ile ! girl ) pallid h&s ,0 busy knitt+ 9 a he>tless mood ,( solitude1 & at ! sight my fri5d ,9 agitation said1 '',tis aga9/ t ,t we are fight+4' ,j z ,wordswor? 0 prep>$ to ?r[ himself p]sonally into ! conflict1 8 relatives recall$ him to ,engl&4 ,:5 ! ,revolution pass$ into a p]iod ( an>*y & blood%$1 8 dejection 0 int5se4 ,z he sl[ly recov]$ f 8 disappo9tm5t1 he became m & m cons]vative 9 politics & less 9 sympa?y ) viol5t agitation2 b he nev] ceas$ to utt] a hopeful ?\gh calm & temp]$ note = g5u9e lib]ty4 ,maturity & ,decl9+ ,ye>s4--,al?\gh ,wordswor? 0 e>ly left an orphan1 he nev] seem$ to lack intellig5t c>e & sympa?y4 ,8 si/] ,doro?y1 a r>e s\l1 help$ to fa%ion him into a poet4 ,_! favorite pa/ime 0 walk+ & obs]v+ nature4 ,de ,qu9cey e/imates t ,wordswor?1 dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 life1 ma/ h walk$ z _m z #age1jjj miles4 ,he act$ on 8 belief t-- ,all ?+s t love ! sun are out ( doors1 & he compos$ 8 be/ poetry dur+ 8 walks1 dictat+ x aft] 8 return4 ,he mu/ h _h ! capacity ( impress+ himself favorably on 8 associates or he might nev] h _h ! leisure to write poetry4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-five1 a fri5d left him a legacy ( #ijj to enable him to foll[ 8 *os5 call+ ( poet4 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 fri5ds saw t he 0 appo9t$ di/ributor ( /amps = ,we/morel&1 at ! annual sal>y ( #djj4 ,ye>s aft]w>d1 a fri5d gave him a regul> all[ance to be sp5t 9 travel+4 ,! summ] ( #agig saw him & ,doro?y beg9 a gold5 ye> at ,alfoxd5 9 ,som]set%ire1 9 close association ) ,col]idge4 ,! result ( ?is companion%ip 0 ,lyrical ,ballads1 an epo*-mak+ volume ( romantic v]se1 conta9+ su* gems z ,wordswor?'s ,l9es compos$ a ,few ,miles above ,t9t]n ,abbey1 ,l9es writt5 9 ,e>ly ,spr+1 ,we ,are ,sev51 & ,col]idge's ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,all good poetry1 wrote ,wordswor? 9 ! ,preface to ! second edition ( ?is volume1 is ! spontane\s ov]fl[ ( p[]ful feel+s4 ,?is is ! opposite ( ! belief ( ! classical s*ool4 ,9 #agig1 aft] a trip to ,g]many1 he & ,doro?y settl$ at ,dove ,cottage1 ,grasm]e1 9 ! ,lake ,c\ntry4 ,%e rema9$ a memb] ( ! h\sehold aft] he m>ri$ 8 c\s91 ,m>y ,hut*9son1 9 #ahjb4 ,! hi/ory ( ,engli% au?ors %[s no m ideal companion%ip ?an t ( ^! ?ree k9dr$ s\ls4 ,dove ,cottage :]e he wrote ! be/ ( 8 poetry1 rema9s almo/ un*ang$4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ lit]>y homes 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dove ,,cottage4 ,9 #ahac he mov$ a %ort di/ance away1 to ,rydal ,m\nt1 :]e he liv$ ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,9 #ahdc he 0 *os5 poet laureate4 ,he di$ 9 #ahej & 0 buri$ 9 ,grasm]e ,*ur*y>d4 ,a ,poet ( ,nature4--,wordswor? is "o ( ! _w's mo/ lov+ & ?\ghtful lyrical poets ( ,nature4 ,= him %e possess$ a s\l1 a consci\s exi/5ce1 an ability to feel joy & love4 ,9 ,l9es writt5 9 ,e>ly ,spr+1 he expresses ?is belief3-- ,& 'tis my fai? t e fl[] ,enjoys ! air x brea!s4 ,all ?+s seem to him to feel pure joy 9 exi/5ce3-- ,! moon do? ) delight ,look r\nd h] :5 ! heav5s are b>e4 ,x 0 also 8 poetic cre$ t ,nature c\ld br+ to human he>ts a message ( solace & companion%ip4 ,8 poem1 ,l9es compos$ a ,%ort ,di/ance above ,t9t]n ,abbey1 is a rem>kable exposition ( ?is fai?4 ,he w\ld h scorn$ to be consid]$ m]ely a descriptive poet ( nature4 ,he satirizes ^? :o c\ld d no?+ m ?an correctly apply ! color yell[ to ! primrose3-- ,a primrose by a riv]'s brim ,a yell[ primrose 0 to him ,& x 0 no?+ m4 ,he int]prets ! sympa!tic s\l ( ,nature1 n m]ely h] outw>d or h] intellectual aspect4 ,he says 9 ,! ,prelude3-- ,f ,nature & h] ov]fl[+ s\l ,i _h receiv$ s mu*1 t all my ?\ghts ,7 /eep$ 9 feel+4 ,if we comp>e ,wordswor?'s l9e-- ,?is ,sea t b>es h] bosom to ! moon1#ad ) ,t5nyson's l9e f ,! ,pr9cess-- ,a full sea glaz$ ) muffl$ moonlight1 we may easily decide :i* %[s m feel+ & :i*1 m art4 ,_m poets h produc$ beautiful pa9t+s ( ! ext]nal features ( nature4 ,) r>e g5ius1 ,wordswor? look$ beyond ! color ( ! fl[]1 ! outl9e ( ! hills1 ! beauty ( ! cl\ds1 to ! _s t brea!d ?r\gh !m1 & he commun$ ) ,nature's self1 :i* is ! brea? ( ,god4 ,he introduc$ lov]s ( 8 poetry to a new _w ( nature1 a new s\rce ( companion%ip & solace1 a new idea ( a ,be+ 9 cl\d & air & ! gre5 leaves among ! groves4 ,poetry ( ,man3 ,n>rative ,poems4--,wordswor? is a poet ( man z well z ( nature4 ,! love = nature came to him fir/2 b out ( x grew 8 reg>d = ! p :o liv$ ne> to nature4 ,8 poetry ( man is f\nd m 9 8 long] n>rative poems1 al?\gh 9 !m z well z 9 8 %ort] pieces1 he %[s ! action ( nature on man4 ,9 ,! ,prelude1 ! mo/ rem>kable autobiographical poem 9 ,engli%1 n only reveals ! p[] 9 nature to develop man1 b he also tells h[ ! ,fr5* revolution made him feel ! wor? ( ea* individual s\l & a s5se ( ! equality ( all humanity at ! b> ( "* & consci5ce4 ,z 8 lyrics %[ ! sympa!tic s\l ( nature1 s 8 n>rative poems illu/rate ! second dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! age1 ! /rong s5se ( ! wor? ( ! humble/ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grasm]e ,,lake4 ,mi*ael1 "o ( ! v greate/ ( 8 productions1 displays a t5d] & liv+ sympa?y ) ! humble %eph]d4 ,! simple dignity ( ,mi*ael's "*1 8 frugal & honorable life1 8 affection = 8 son1 = 8 %eep1 & = 8 =efa!r's old home1 appeal$ to ! he>t ( ! poet4 ,he lov$ 8 subject & wrote ! poem ) t indescribable simplicity :i* makes ! tale1 ! v]se1 & ! tone ( ?\ght & feel+ =m toge!r "o p]fect & indissoluble :ole4 ,! ,lee*-,ga!r] & ! /ory ( ,m>g>et 9 ,! ,excursion also deal ) l[ly *>act]s & exhibit ,wordswor?'s p[] ( pa?os & simple e>ne/ness4 ,he c\ld n pres5t complex p]sonalities2 b ^! *>act]s1 :i* belong$ to ! l&scapes ( ! ,lake ,di/rict & p>took ( its calm & its simplicity1 he drew ) a sure h&4 ,8 longe/ n>rative poem is ,! ,excursion 7#ahad71 :i* is 9 n9e books4 ,x conta9s f9e passages ( v]se & "s ( 8 sane/ & mature/ philosophy2 b ! "w is n ! ma/]piece t he hop$ to make4 ,x is t$i\s1 prosy1 & )\t action ( any k9d4 ,! /yle1 :i* is = ! mo/ "p heavy1 becomes pure & easy only 9 "s description ( a m\nta9 peak or 9 ! recital ( a tale1 l t ( ,m>g>et4 ,an ,int]pret] ( ,*ild ,life4--,p]haps ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! un=gettable incid5t ( ! pitiable peasant *ild 7 n )\t influ5ce 9 caus+ him to become a great poetic int]pret] ( *ildhood4 ,no poem has surpass$ 8 ,alice ,fell1 or ,pov]ty 9 pres5t+ ! psy*ology ( *ildi% grief1 or 8 ,we ,are ,sev5 9 voic+ ! fai? (-- 444,a simple *ild1 ,t lightly draws its brea?1 ,& feels its life 9 e limb1 or ! lonel9ess ( ! solit>y *ild 9 ,lucy ,gray3-- ,! sweete/ ?+ t ev] grew ,beside a human door4 ,9 ! poem1 ,?ree ,ye>s ,%e ,grew 9 ,sun & ,%[]1 ,nature seems to h *os5 ,wordswor? z h] spokesman to describe ! "p t %e w\ld play 9 educat+ a *ild4 ,nature says3-- ,?is *ild ,i to myself w take2 ,%e %all be m9e1 & ,i w make ,a lady ( my own4 99 99 99 99 99 444,%e %all lean h] e> ,9 _m a secret place ,:]e rivulets dance _! wayw>d r\nd1 ,& beauty born ( murmur+ s\nd ,%all pass into h] face4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ similes 9 all ! poetry ( nature may be f\nd 9 ! /anza :i* lik5s ! *>ms ( a little girl to ^? (3-- ,a violet by a mossy /one ,half hidd5 f ! eye6 ,fair z a /> :5 only "o ,is %9+ 9 ! sky4 ,f9ally1 9 8 ,intimations ( ,immortality f ,recollections ( ,e>ly ,*ildhood1 he glorifies univ]sal *ildhood1 t eye among ! bl9d1 capable ( see+ ?is common e>?-- ,app>el$ 9 cele/ial light1 ,! glory & ! fre%ness ( a dream4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,f\r ( ,wordswor?'s *>act]i/ics g h& 9 h&1--s9c]ity1 feel+1 dep? ( ?\ght1 & simplicity ( /yle4 ,! union ( ^! f\r qualities causes 8 great poems to cont9ue to yield pleasure aft] an indef9ite numb] ( read+s4 ,9 8 g>d5 ( poetry1 ! daffodil blossoms all ! ye> = ! inw>d eye1 & ! w&]+ voice ( ! cuckoo nev] ceases to awak5 spr+time 9 ! he>t4 ,8 own age greet$ ) s mu* ridicule ! excessive simplicity ( ! pres5tation ( ord9>y *ildi% grief 9 ,alice ,fell1 t he exclud$ x f _m editions ( 8 poems4 ,we n[ recognize ! special *>m ( 8 simplicity 9 express+ ^? feel+s & ?\ghts t d (t5 lie too deep = te>s4 ,wordswor? 0 mo/ truly great :5 he seem$ to write z naturally z he brea!d1 :5 he appe>$ unconsci\s ( ! p[] t he wield$4 ,:5 he attempt$ to comm& x at w1 he fail$1 z 9 ! dull1 lifeless l9es ( ,! ,excursion4 ,sometimes ev5 8 labor$ simplicity is no bett] ?an prose2 b su* simple & natural poems z ,mi*ael1 ,! ,solit>y ,reap]1 ,to ,my ,si/]1 ,?ree ,ye>s ,%e ,grew 9 ,sun & ,%[]1 & ! majority ( ! poems %[+ ! new attitude t[>d *ildhood1 are priceless treasures ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,( mo/ ( ^!1 we may say ) ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,x might seem t ,nature n only gave him ! matt] = 8 poem1 b wrote 8 poem = him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,wordswor?4 ,f a life sket* 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e4 ,wordswor? lacks humor & 8 compass is limit$2 b )9 t compass he is surpass$ by no poet s9ce ,milton4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no great poet ev] wrote m t is almo/ wor?less4 ,mat!w ,arnold did mu* = ,wordswor?'s r5[n by collect+ 8 priceless poems & publi%+ !m ap>t f ! m$iocre "w4 ,among ! f9e productions1 8 sonnets occupy a high place4 ,only ,%akespe>e & ,milton 9 our language excel him 9 ?is =m ( v]se4 ,wordswor? is greate/ z a poet ( nature4 ,to him nature seem$ to possess a consci\s s\l1 :i* express$ itself 9 ! primrose1 ! rippl+ lake1 or ! cuckoo's song1 ) z mu* intellig5ce z human lips ev] display$ 9 :isp]+ a secret to ! e> ( love4 ,?is int]pretation ( nature gives him a unique position among ,engli% poets4 ,nei!r ,%akespe>e nor ,milton _h any su* g5]al conception ( nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rydal ,,m\nt ,,ne> ,,ambleside1 ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,wordswor?',s ,,old ,,age4 ,! b]eav$1 ! d[nca/1 & ^? 9 ne$ ( companion%ip turn naturally to ,wordswor?4 ,he said t x 0 8 aim to console ! afflict$1 to add sun%9e to daylight4 ,8 critics (t5 say t he does n recognize ! indiff]5ce1 ev5 ! cruelty ( nature2 b t he *ooses1 in/ead1 to pres5t ! _w z a manife/ation ( love & c>e = all creatures4 ,:5 he 0 %[n :]e a cruel huntsman & 8 dogs _h *as$ a poor h>t to its dea?1 ,wordswor? wrote3-- ,?is bea/ n unobs]v$ by nature fell2 ,8 dea? 0 m\rn$ by sympa?y div9e4 ,! ,be+ t is 9 ! cl\ds & air1 ,t is 9 ! gre5 leaves among ! groves1 ,ma9ta9s a deep & rev]5tial c>e ,= ! un(f5d+ creatures :om he loves4#ae ,:atev] view we take ( ! indiff]5ce ( nature or ( ! suff]+ 9 exi/5ce1 x is necess>y = u1 9 ord] to live hopeful & k9dly lives1 to feel ) ,wordswor? t ! great p[]s ( ! univ]se are n devoid ( sympa?y1 & t !y enc\rage 9 u ! developm5t ( a _s ( love = all e>?'s creatures4 ,x 0 ,wordswor?'s deepe/ conviction t any "o alive to ! pres5ce ( nature's consci\s spiritual =ce1 t rolls ?r\gh all ?+s-- ,%all feel an ov]see+ p[] ,to k9dle or re/ra94 ,,samuel ,,taylor ,,col]idge1 #agbb-ahcd ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel ,,taylor ,,col]idge4 ,f a p5cil sket* by ,c4,r4 ,leslie4 ,life4--,! tr\bl$ c>e] ( ,col]idge is 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! peaceful life ( ,wordswor?4 ,col]idge1 ! ?irte5? *ild ( a cl]gyman1 0 born 9 #aggb at ,ott]y ,/4 ,m>y1 ,devon%ire4 ,e>ly 9 8 life1 ! future poet became a confirm$ dream]1 refus+ to p>ticipate 9 ! play common to boys ( 8 age4 ,be=e he 0 five ye>s old1 he _h read ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,only a few ye>s lat]1 ! boy's appetite = books became s voraci\s t he dev\r$ an av]age ( two volumes a day4 ,"o ev5+1 :5 he 0 ab\t n9e ye>s old1 he _h a viol5t qu>rel ) 8 bro!r & ran away1 sleep+ out ( doors all night4 ,a cold ,octob] ra9 fell2 b he 0 n f\nd until morn+1 :5 he 0 c>ri$ home m dead ?an alive4 ,i 0 c]ta9ly injur$2 he says ( ?is adv5ture1 = ,i 0 weakly & subject to ague = _m ye>s aft]4 ,facts l ^! help to expla9 :y physical pa9 f9ally l$ him to use opium4 ,aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 "y ,col]idge became1 at ! age ( t51 a pupil 9 ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 ,london1 :]e he rema9$ eight ye>s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half ( 8 /ay "h1 8 heal? 0 /ill fur!r injur$ by cont9u+ z he 0 9 e>li] *ildhood1 a playless daydream]1 & by a habit ( almo/ con/ant read+4 ,he says t ! food 0 cruelly insuffici5t = ^? :o _h no fri5ds to supply !m4 ,he writes3-- ,conceive :at ,i mu/ h be5 at f\rte52 ,i 0 9 a cont9ual l[ fev]4 ,my :ole be+ 01 ) eyes clos$ to e object ( pres5t s5se1 to crumple myself up 9 a sunny corn]1 & read1 read1 read--fancy myself on ,rob9son ,crusoe's isl&1 f9d+ a m\nta9 ( plumcake1 & eat+ a room = myself1 & !n eat+ x into ! %apes ( tables & *airs--hung] & fancy6 ,a few mon?s aft] leav+ ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 ,col]idge w5t to ,cambridge1 b he did n rema9 to graduate4 ,f ?is "t he seldom complet$ any?+ t he und]took4 ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( him1 /imulat$ by ! _s ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 to dream ( f\nd+ ) ,s\!y a ,pantisocracy on ! banks ( ! ,susquehanna4 ,9 ?is ideal village across ! sea1 ! dream]s 7 to "w only two h\rs a day & 7 to h all goods 9 common4 ,! dem& = poetry 0 at ?is "t suffici5tly great = a booksell] to (f] ,col]idge1 al?\gh he 0 z yet comp>atively unkn[n1 ?irty gu9eas = a volume ( poems & a gu9ea & a half = ea* hundr$ l9es aft] f9i%+ t volume4 ,) su* weal? 9 view1 ,col]idge m>ri$ a ,miss ,frick] ( ,bri/ol1 because no s+le p c\ld jo9 ! new ideal commonweal?4 ,s\!y m>ri$ h] si/]2 b ! "y en?usia/s 7 =c$ to ab&on _! project because !y did n h suffici5t money to procure passage across ! ocean4 ,! t5d5cy to dream1 h[ev]1 nev] =sook ,col]idge4 ,"o ( 8 favorite poems beg9s ) ?is l9e3-- ,my eyes make pictures :5 !y are %ut4#af ,he recogniz$ 8 dis9cl9ation to rema9 long at "w on pre>rang$ l9es1 :5 he said1 ,i ?9k t my s\l mu/ h prexi/$ 9 ! body ( a *amois *as]4 ,9 #agig-agih ,col]idge liv$ ) 8 "y wife at ,ne!r-,/[ey 9 ,som]set4 ,wordswor? & 8 si/] ,doro?y mov$ to a h\se 9 ! neighborhood 9 ord] to be ne> ,col]idge4 ,! two "y m5 & ,doro?y ,wordswor? seem$ to be exactly fitt$ to /imulate "o ano!r4 ,toge!r !y roam$ ov] ! ,quantock ,hills1 gaz$ ^u ! sea1 & plann$ ,! ,rime ( ! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 :i* is "o ( ! few ?+s t ,col]idge ev] f9i%$4 ,9 little m ?an a ye> he wrote ne>ly all ! ! poetry t has made him fam\s4 ,_h he1 l ,keats1 di$ :5 he 0 tw5ty-five1 ! _w w\ld probably be wond]+ :at heights ( poetic fame ,col]idge might h rea*$2 b he became addict$ to ! use ( opium & pass$ a wret*$ exi/5ce ( ?irty-six ye>s long]1 p>tly 9 ! ,lake ,di/rict1 b *iefly 9 a suburb ( ,london1 )\t add+ to 8 poetic fame4 ,dur+ 8 lat] ye>s he did hack "w = pap]s1 gave occasional lectures1 wrote critical & philosophical prose1 & became a talk] almo/ z not$ z ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,x is only j to ,col]idge to recognize ! fact t ev5 if he _h nev] writt5 a l9e ( poetry1 8 prose w\ld entitle him to be rank$ among ,engl&'s greate/ critics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,col]idge',s ,,cottage ,,at ,,ne!r-,,/[ey4 ,col]idge's wide read+1 cont9u$ f boyhood1 made 8 contempor>ies feel t he _h ! be/ intellectual equipm5t ( any man 9 ,engl& s9ce ,francis ,bacon's "t4 ,once ,col]idge1 hav+ =gott5 ! subject ( 8 lecture1 0 />tl$ by ! ann\ncem5t t he w\ld speak on a difficult topic1 entirely diff]5t f ! "o he _h 9 m9d2 b he 0 equal to ! em]g5cy & deliv]$ an unusually good address4 ,"y m5 us$ to flock to him 9 8 old age to draw on 8 copi\s /ores ( k & especially to he> him talk ab\t ,g]man philosophy4 ,c>lyle visit$ him = ?is purpose & speaks ( ! glori\s1 balmy1 sunny islets1 islets ( ! ble/ & ! intelligible1 :i* occasionally em]g$ f ! mi/ ( ,g]man metaphysics4 ,he sp5t ! la/ eighte5 ye>s ( 8 life 9 ,highgate ) 8 k9d fri5d1 ,dr4 ,gillman1 :o succe$$ 9 regulat+ & decreas+ ! am\nt ( opium :i* ,col]idge took4 ,he di$ !re 9 #ahcd & 0 buri$ 9 ,highgate ,cemet]y4 ,we/m9/] ,abbey does n h ! honor ( ! grave ( a s+le "o ( ! great poets ( ?is romantic age4 ,poetry4--,! ,anci5t ,m>9] 7#agih7 is ,col]idge's poetical ma/]piece4 ,x is also "o ( ! _w's ma/]pieces4 ,! sup]natural sph]e into :i* x introduces ! read] is a rem>kable creation1 ) its curse1 its pol> _s1 ! phantom %ip1 ! s]aph b&1 & ! magic breeze4 ,! me*anism ( ! poem is a triumph ( romantic g5ius4 ,! met]1 ! rhy?m1 & ! music h well-nigh magical effect4 ,almo/ e /anza %[s n only exquisite h>mony1 b also ! easy ma/]y ( g5ius 9 deal+ ) ^? weird sc5es :i* romantici/s love4 ,! moral int]e/ ( ! poem is n inf]ior to its o!r *>ms4 ,! ,m>9] kill$ ! innoc5t ,albatross1 & we li/5 to ! same k9d ( lesson z ,wordswor? tea*es 9 8 ,h>t-,leap ,well3-- ,! _s :o bide? by himself ,9 ! l& ( mi/ & sn[1 ,he lov$ ! bird t lov$ ! man ,:o %at him ) 8 b[4' ,! noble conclusion ( ! poem has = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s cont9u$ to influ5ce human conduct3-- ,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small2 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u1 ,he made & love? all4 ,8 next greate/ poem is ! unf9i%$ ,*ri/abel 7#ahaf74 ,a lovely maid5 falls "u ! en*antm5ts ( a my/]i\s ,lady ,g]ald9e2 b ! fragm5t closes :ile ?is malevol5t influ5ce cont9ues4 ,we miss ! int]e/ ( a f9i%$ /ory1 :i* draws s _m read]s to ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 al?\gh ,*ri/abel is ?ickly s[n ) gems4 ,l9es l ^! are fill$ ) ! air9ess ( nature3-- ,!re is n w9d en\gh to twirl ,! "o r$ leaf1 ! la/ ( its clan1 ,t dances z (t5 z dance x c1 ,hang+ s light1 & hang+ s high1 ,on ! topmo/ twig t looks up at ! sky4 ,9 all lit]ature !re has be5 no f9] passage writt5 on ! w\nds caus$ by brok5 fri5d%ip ?an ! l9es 9 ,*ri/abel relat+ to ! e/rangem5t ( ,rol& & ,sir ,leol9e4 ,aft] read+ ?is poem & ,kubla ,khan1 an unf9i%$ dream fragm5t ( fifty-f\r l9es1 we feel t ! clos+ l9es ( ,kubla ,khan are peculi>ly applicable to ,col]idge3-- ,= he on honey dew ha? f$ ,& drunk ! milk ( ,p>adise4 ,sw9burne says ( ,*ri/abel & ,kubla ,khan3 ,:5 x has be5 said t su* melodies 7 nev] he>d1 su* dreams nev] dream$1 su* spee* nev] spok51 ! *ief ?+s rema9 unsaid1 unspeakable4 ,!re is a *>m ^u ^! poems :i* c only be felt 9 sil5t submission & wond]4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics ( 8 ,poetry4--,unlike ,wordswor?1 ,col]idge is n ! poet ( ! e>? & ! common ?+s ( life4 ,he is ! poet ( air1 ( ! regions beyond ! e>?1 & ( dreams4 ,by no poet has ! sup]natural be5 inve/$ ) m *>m4 ,he has r>e feel+ = ! beautiful1 :e!r 9 ! _w ( morals2 ( nature1 or ( ! h>monies ( s\nd4 ,! mo!rless ,*ri/abel 9 h] "t ( dang] dreams a beautiful tru? ( ?is div9ely gov]n$ _w3-- ,b ?is %e kn[s1 9 joys & woes1 ,t sa9ts w aid if m5 w call3 ,= ! blue sky b5ds ov] all4 ,8 ref]5ces to nature are less rem>kable = description or photographic details ?an = sugge/iv5ess & diffus$ *>m1 su* z we f9d 9 ^! l9es3-- 444! sails made on ,a pleasant noise till noon1 ,a noise l ( a hidd5 brook ,9 ! leafy mon? ( ,june1 ,t to ! sleep+ woods all night ,s+e? a quiet tune4 ,wordswor? wrote few poems simpl] ?an ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,a /anza l ?is seems almo/ z simple z brea?+3-- ,! mov+ moon w5t up ! sky1 ,& n[h]e did abide2 ,s(tly %e 0 go+ up1 ,& a /> or two beside4 ,prose4--,col]idge's prose1 :i* is almo/ all critical or philosophical1 left its influ5ce on ! ?\ght ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:5 he 0 a "y man1 he w5t to ,g]many & /udi$ philosophy ) a cont9u$ vigor unusual = him4 ,he became an ideali/ & us$ ! ideali/ic tea*+s ( ! ,g]man metaphysicians to combat ! utilit>ian & s5se-b\nd philosophy ( ,b5?am1 ,mal?us1 & ,mill4 ,we pass by ,col]idge's ,aids to ,reflection 7#ahbe71 ! weightie/ ( 8 metaphysical productions1 to consid] ^? works :i* possess a m vital int]e/ = ! /ud5t ( lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,col]idge ,,z ,a ,,"y ,,man4 ,f a sket* made 9 ,g]many4 ,8 ,lectures on ,%akespe>e1 deliv]$ 9 #ahaa1 conta9$ epo*-mak+ ,%akespe>ean criticism4 ,we are told t e draw+-room 9 ,london discuss$ !m4 ,8 greate/ "w on criticism is entitl$ ,biographia ,lit]>ia 7#b ,vols41 #ahag74 ,!re are p>ts ( x :i* no c>eful /ud5t ( ! developm5t ( mod]n criticism c af=d to leave unread4 ,! c5tral po9t ( ?is "w is ! exposition ( 8 !ory ( ! romantic s*ool ( poetry4 ,he ?us gives 8 own aim & t ( ,wordswor? 9 ! composition ( ! volume ( poems1 kn[n z ,lyrical ,ballads3-- 444x 0 agre$ t my endeavors %\ld be direct$ to p]sons & *>act]s sup]natural1 or at lea/ romantic2 yet s z to transf] f our inw>d nature a human int]e/ & a semblance ( tru? suffici5t to procure = ^! %ad[s ( imag9ation t will+ susp5sion ( disbelief = ! mom5t1 :i* con/itutes poetic fai?4 ,mr4 ,wordswor?1 on ! o!r h&1 0 to propose to himself z 8 object1 to give ! *>m ( novelty to ?+s ( e day1 & to excite a feel+ analog\s to ! sup]natural by awak5+ ! m9d's att5tion f ! le?>gy ( cu/om1 & direct+ x to ! lovel9ess & wond]s ( ! _w be=e u4#ag ,col]idge does n hold ,wordswor?'s belief t ! language ( common spee* & ( poetry %\ld be id5tical4 ,he %[s t ,wordswor? does bett] ?an foll[ 8 own !ories4 ,yet1 :5 he consid]s bo? ! excell5cies & ! defects ( ,wordswor?'s v]se1 ,col]idge's v]dict ( praise is sub/antially t ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,?is is an unusual triumph = a contempor>y critic1 sitt+ 9 judgm5t on an au?or ( an entirely new s*ool & r5d]+ a decision 9 opposition to t ( ! majority1 :o1 he says1 h made x a bus9ess to attack & ridicule ,mr4 ,wordswor?444 ,8 fame belongs to ano!r age & c nei!r be accel]at$ nor ret>d$4#ah ,,george ,,noel ,,gordon1 ,,"l ,,byron1 #aghh-ahbd ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,noel ,,gordon1 ,,"l ,,byron4 ,f a portrait by ,kram]4 ,life4--,byron 0 born 9 ,london 9 #aghh4 ,8 fa!r 0 a reckless1 dissipat$ sp5d?rift1 :o des]t$ 8 wife & *ild4 ,mrs4 ,byron convulsively clasp$ h] son to h] "o mom5t & ?rew ! scissors & tongs at him ! next1 call+ him ! lame brat1 9 ref]5ce to 8 club foot4 ,su* treatm5t drew nei!r respect nor ob$i5ce f ,byron1 :o inh]it$ ! pr\d1 defiant _s ( 8 race4 ,8 accession to ! pe]age 9 #agih did n t5d to tame 8 haughty nature1 & he grew up passionately imp]i\s & combative4 ,be+ ambiti\s1 he made excell5t progress 9 8 /udies at ,h>r[1 b :5 he ent]$ ,cambridge he devot$ mu* ( 8 "t to %oot+1 swimm+1 & o!r sports1 = :i* he 0 always fam\s4 ,9 #ahji he />t$ on a two ye>s' trip ?r\gh ,spa91 ,greece1 & ! f> ,ea/4 ,^u 8 return1 he publi%$ two cantos ( ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 :i* describe 8 j\rney4 ,?is poem made him imm$iately popul>4 ,london society neglect$ its old favorite1 ,scott1 & eag]ly s\ght out ! h&some "y pe] :o _h bur/ sudd5ly ^u x4 ,poem aft] poem 0 produc$ by ?is lion ( society1 & ea* "o 0 receiv$ ) en?usiasm & delight4 ,probably no o!r ,engli% poet knew su* in/ant widespread fame z ,byron4 ,sudd5ly & unexpect$ly ?is adulation turn$ to hatr$4 ,9 #ahae ,byron m>ri$ ,miss ,milbanke1 an heiress1 b %e left him a ye> lat]4 ,al?\gh no reason = ! sep>ation 0 giv51 ! public fa/5$ all ! blame ^u ,byron4 ,! feel+ aga9/ him grew s /rong t he 0 w>n$ by 8 fri5ds to prep>e = op5 viol5ce1 & f9ally1 9 #ahaf1 he left ,engl& =ev]4 ,8 rema9+ eight ye>s 7 sp5t mo/ly 9 ,italy4 ,"h1 8 great beauty1 8 exile1 8 poetry1 & 8 passionate love ( lib]ty made him a prom95t figure ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,not)/&+ ?is fame1 life 0 a disappo9tm5t to ,byron4 ,baffl$ b rebelli\s1 he op5ly defi$ ! conv5tions ( 8 c\ntry2 & seem$ to enjoy ! %ock x gave to 8 c\ntrym54 ,illu/ration3 ,,byron ,,at ,,sev5te54 ,f a pa9t+4 ,! clos+ ye> ( 8 life %one brighte/ ( all4 ,8 ma9 activities _h hi!rto be5 direct$ to ! selfi% pursuit ( 8 own pleasure2 & he _h fail$ to obta9 happ9ess4 ,b 9 #ahbc ,byron w5t to ,greece to aid ! ,greeks1 :o 7 battl+ ) ,turkey = _! indep5d5ce4 ,into ?is /ruggle = fre$om1 he p\r$ 8 :ole en]gies1 display+ a wond]ful aptitude = manag+ ! complicat$ intrigues & plans & selfi%nesses :i* lay 9 ! way4 ,8 ef=ts co/ him 8 life4 ,he contract$ fev]1 &1 aft] re/lessly battl+ ) ! disease1 said quietly1 "o ,april morn+ 9 #ahbd1 ,n[ ,i %all g to sleep4 ,8 relatives ask$ 9 va9 = p]mission to int] him 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! family vault at ,hucknall1 ,not?+ham%ire1 n f> f ,new/ead ,abbey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new/ead ,,abbey1 ,,byron',s ,,home4 ,e>ly ,works4--,! poems t ,byron wrote dur+ 8 brilliant soj\rn 9 ,london1 amid ! :irl ( social gayeties1 are ,! ,gia\r1 ,! ,bride ( ,abydos1 ,! ,corsair1 ,p>is9a1 ,l>a1 & ,! ,siege ( ,cor9?4 ,^! n>rative poems are romantic tales ( ori5tal passion & color+1 :i* %[ ! influ5ce ( ,scott4 ,!y are told ) a da% & a f9e-s\nd+ rhetoric well fitt$ to attract imm$iate att5tion2 b !y lack ! qualities ( s9c]e feel+1 l(ty ?\ght1 & subtle beauty1 :i* give la/+ fame4 ,8 next publication1 ,! ,prison] ( ,*illon 7#ahaf71 is a mu* wor?i] poem4 ,! pa!tic /ory is feel+ly told 9 language t (t5 displays rem>kable en]gy & ma/]y ( expression & v]sification4 ,8 picture ( ! oppressive vacancy :i* ! ,prison] felt is a well-execut$ piece ( v difficult ^w pa9t+3-- ,!re 7 no />s1 no e>?1 no "t1 ,no *eck1 no *ange1 no good1 no crime-- ,b sil5ce1 & a /irless brea? ,:i* nei!r 0 ( life nor dea?2 ,a sea ( /agnant idl5ess1 ,bl9d1 b\ndless1 mute1 & motionless6 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,*illon4 ,dramas4--,byron wrote a numb] ( dramas1 ! be/ ( :i* are ,manfr$ 7#ahag7 & ,ca9 7#ahba74 ,8 _s ( defiance & 8 insatiable ?ir/ = p[] are ! subjects ( ^! dramas4 ,manfr$ is a man ( guilt :o is at w> ) humanity1 & :o seeks refuge on ! m\nta9 tops & by ! wild cat>act4 ,he is fe>less & untam$ 9 all 8 mis]y1 & ev5 9 ! h\r ( dea? does n quail be=e ! spirits ( d>kness1 b defies !m ) ! cry3-- ,back to ?y hell6 ,?\ ha/ no p[] ^u me1 t ,i feel6 ,?\ nev] %all possess me1 t ,i "k2 ,:at ,i h done is done2 ,i be> )9 ,a torture :i* c\ld no?+ ga9 f ?9e2 99 99 99 99 99 ,back1 ye baffl$ fi5ds6 ,! h& ( dea? is on me--b n y\rs6 ,ca91 :ile suff]+ remorse = ! slay+ ( ,abel1 is borne by ,lucif] ?r\gh ! b\ndless fields ( ! univ]se4 ,ca9 yet d>es to "q ! wisdom ( ! ,almighty 9 br++ evil1 s91 & remorse into ! _w4 ,a critic has rem>k$ t ,milton wrote 8 great poem to ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man2 ,byron's object seems to be to ju/ify ! ways ( man to ,god4 ,! v s\l ( /ormy revolt brea!s ?r\gh bo? ,manfr$ & ,ca91 b ,ca9 has m int]e/ z a pure drama4 ,x conta9s "s sweet passages & pres5ts "o lovely woman1--,adah4 ,b ,byron c\ld n int]pret "* :olly at v>iance ) 8 own4 ,he possess$ b little con/ructive skill1 & he nev] ov]came ! difficulties ( blank v]se4 ,a drama t does n %[ wide sympa?y ) v>i$ types ( humanity & ! con/ructive capacity to pres5t ! complexities ( life is lack+ 9 ess5tial elem5ts ( greatness4 ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,! ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 & ,don ,juan4--,8 be/ works are ! lat] poems1 :i* require only a slight framework or plot1 su* z ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 ,! ,vision ( ,judgem5t1 & ,don ,juan4 ,! ?ird & f\r? cantos ( ,*ilde ,h>old1 publi%$ 9 #ahaf & #ahah1 respectively1 are f> sup]ior to ! fir/ two4 ,^! lat] cantos cont9ue ! travels ( ,h>old1 & conta9 "s ( ,byron's mo/ spl5did descriptions ( nature1 cities1 & works ( art4 ,rome1 ,v5ice1 ! ,rh9e1 ! ,alps1 & ! sea inspir$ ! f9e/ l9es4 ,he wrote ( ,v5ice z %e-- 444,sate 9 /ate1 ?ron$ on h] hundr$ isles6 99 99 99 99 99 ,%e looks a sea ,cybele1 fre% f ocean1 ,ris+ ) h] ti>a ( pr\d t[]s ,at airy di/ance4 ,he calls ,rome-- ,! ,niobe ( nations6 !re %e /&s4 ,*ildless & cr[nless1 9 h] voiceless woe2 ,an empty urn )9 h] )]'d h&s1 ,^: holy du/ 0 scatt]$ long ago4 ,! foll[+ description1 f ,canto ,,iii1 ( a wild /ormy night 9 ! m\nta9s is v *>act]i/ic ( 8 nature poetry & ( 8 own individuality3-- ,& ?is is 9 ! night3--,mo/ ,glori\s night6 ,?\ w]t n s5t = slumb]6 let me be ,a %>] 9 ?y fi]ce & f> delight-- ,a portion ( ! tempe/ & ( !e6 ,h[ ! lit lake %9es1 a phosphoric sea1 ,& ! big ra9 comes danc+ to ! e>?6 ,& n[ aga9 'tis black1--& n[1 ! glee ( ! l\d hills %akes ) its m\nta9-mir? ,z if !y did rejoice o'er a "y e>?quake's bir? ,:5 ,george ,,iii4 di$1 ,s\!y wrote a poem fill$ ) absurd flatt]y ( t mon>*4 ,byron _h su* int5se hatr$ = ! hypocrisy ( society t he wrote 8 ,vision ( ,judgm5t 7#ahbb7 to p>ody ,s\!y's poem & to make ! au?or ! object ( satire4 ,pung5t wit1 vitup]ation1 & irony 7 "h h&l$ by ,byron 9 a brilliant mann]1 :i* _h n be5 equal$ s9ce ! days ( ,dryd5 & ,pope4 ,! p>odies ( mo/ poems are quickly =gott51 b we h "h ! /range case ( ,byron's p>ody keep+ alive ,s\!y's orig9al4 ,don ,juan 7#ahai-ahbd71 a long poem 9 sixte5 cantos1 is ,byron's greate/ "w4 ,x is p>tly autobiographic4 ,! s9i/]1 gloomy ,don ,juan is an ideal picture ( ! au?or1 :o 0 sore & bitt] ov] 8 ?w>t$ hopes ( lib]ty & happ9ess4 ,!re=e1 in/ead ( /r5g!n+ humanity ) hope = ! future1 ?is poem te>s hope f ! horizon1 & sugge/s ! possible an>*y & de/ruction t[>d :i* ! _w's hypocrisy1 cant1 tyranny1 & univ]sal /upidity are t5d+4 ,! poem is unf9i%$4 ,byron foll[$ ,don ,juan ?r\gh all ! phases ( life kn[n to himself4 ,! h]o has excit+ adv5tures & passionate loves1 he is favor$ at c\rts1 he is driv5 to ! l[e/ dep?s ( society1 he exp]i5ces a godlike happ9ess & a demoniacal despair4 ,don ,juan is a sca?+ satire ^u society4 ,all its fonde/ idols1--love1 fai?1 & hope1--are dragg$ 9 ! mire4 ,!re is some?+ almo/ gr& 9 ! way t ?is ,titanic sc(f] draws pictures ( love only to mock at !m1 s+s patriotic songs only to add-- ,?us sung1 or w\ld1 or c\ld1 or %\ld h sung ,! mod]n ,greek 9 tol]able v]se1 & m5tions ,hom]1 ,milton1 & ,%akespe>e only to %[ h[ accid5tal & wor?less is fame4 ,amid ! spl5did confusion ( pa?os1 irony1 passion1 mock]y1 ke5 wit1 & brilliant epigram1 :i* display ,byron's v]satile & spontane\s g5ius at its height1 !re are "s beautiful & p[]ful passages4 ,!re is an ideal picture ( ! love ( ,don ,juan & ,haidee3-- ,ea* 0 ! o!r's mirror1 & b read ,joy sp>kl+ 9 _! d>k eyes l a gem4 444!y c\ld n be ,meant to gr[ old1 b die 9 happy spr+1 ,be=e "o *>m or hope _h tak5 w+4 ,z %e lightly slept-- 444h] face s fair ,/irr'd ) h] dream1 z rose-leaves ) ! air2 ,or z ! /irr+ ( a deep cle> /ream ,)9 an ,alp9e holl[1 :5 ! w9d ,walks o'er x4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,! poetry ( ,wordswor? & ,col]idge %[s ! revolution>y reaction aga9/ classicism 9 lit]ature & tyranny 9 gov]nm5t2 b _! v]se raises no cry ( revolt aga9/ ! proprieties & moral re/rictions ( ! "t4 ,byron 0 s saturat$ ) ! revolution>y _s t he rebell$ aga9/ ^! also2 & = ?is reason ,engl& w\ld n all[ him to be buri$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,z ,byron frequ5tly wrote 9 ! :ite heat ( passionate revolt1 8 v]se %[s ! effects ( lack ( re/ra9t4 ,un=tunately he did n aft]w>ds take ! tr\ble to improve 8 subject matt]1 or ! mold 9 :i* x 0 ca/4 ,sw9burne says1 ,8 v]se /umbles & j+les1 /amm]s & halts1 :]e is mo/ ne$ = a swift & ev5 pace ( musical s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,byron',s ,,home ,,at ,,pisa4 ,! great p[] ( ,byron's poetry consi/s 9 its weal? ( expression1 its vigor1 its ru% & volume ( s\nd1 its v>iety1 & its passion4 ,l9es l ! foll[+ %[ ! vigor\s fl[ ( ! v]se1 ! love = lonely sc5]y1 & a weal? ( figurative expression3-- ,mont ,blanc is ! mon>* ( m\nta9s1 ,!y cr[n$ him long ago ,on a ?rone ( rocks1 9 a robe ( cl\ds ,) a diadem ( sn[4#ai ,scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 works we f9d r>e gems1 su* z ! foll[+-- 444:5 ,music arose ) its voluptu\s swell1 ,s(t eyes look$ love to eyes :i* spake aga91 ,& all w5t m]ry z a m>riage bell4#bj ,we may also frequ5tly note ! work+ ( an acute intellect1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! l9es 9 :i* he calls 8 own gloomy type ( m9d-- 444! telescope ( tru?1 ,:i* /rips ! di/ance ( its phantasies1 ,& br+s life ne> 9 utt] nak$ness1 ,mak+ ! cold reality too real6#ba ,! answ]s to two que/ions :i* are frequ5tly ask$1 w ?r[ m light on ,byron's *>act]i/ics3-- ,i4 ,:y has 8 poetic fame 9 ,engl& decreas$ s mu* f ! e/imate ( 8 contempor>ies1 by :om he seem$ wor?y ( a place beside ,goe!8 ,! answ] is to be s\ght 9 ! fact t ,byron reflect$ s p[]fully ! mood ( t special "t4 ,t reaction>y p]iod 9 hi/ory has pass$ & ) x mu* ( ,byron's influ5ce & fame4 ,he 01 unlike ,%akespe>e1 specially fitt$ to m9i/] to a c]ta9 age4 ,aga91 mu* ( ,byron's v]se is rhetorical1 & t k9d ( poetry does n we> well4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we might r]ead ,%akespe>e's ,hamlet1 ,milton's ,lycidas1 & ,wordswor?'s ,intimations ( ,immortality e mon? = a lifetime1 & discov] "s new beauty & tru? at e read+4 ,,ii4 ,:y does ! cont95t ( ,europe class ,byron among ! v greate/ ,engli% poets1 next ev5 to ,%akespe>e8 ,x is because ,europe 0 ye>n+ = m lib]ty1 & ,byron's words & bl[s = fre$om ar\s$ h] at an opportune mom5t4 ,hi/orians ( cont95tal lit]ature f9d 8 p[]ful impress on ! ?\ght ( t "t4 ,georg ,br&es1 a not$ ,european critic1 says3-- ,9 ! intellectual life ( ,russia & ,pol&1 ( ,spa9 & ,italy1 ( ,france & ,g]many1 ! se$s :i* he _h s[n1 fructifi$444 ,! ,slavonic nations 444seiz$ on 8 poetry ) avidity444 ,! ,spani% & ,italian exile poets took 8 w> cry444 ,he9e's be/ poetry is a cont9uation ( ,byron's "w4 ,fr5* ,romanticism & ,g]man ,lib]alism are bo? direct desc5dants ( ,byron's ,naturalism4 ,sw9burne gives z ano!r reason = ,byron's ,european popul>ity ! fact t he actually ga9s by translation into a =eign tongue4 ,8 faulty met]s & c>eless expressions are improv$1 :ile 8 vigor\s way ( /at+ ?+s & 8 roll+ rhetoric are easily compreh5d$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! delicate %ades ( ?\ght 9 ,%akespe>e's ,hamlet _c be translat$ into "s ,european tongues )\t di/9ct loss4 ,,p]cy ,,bys%e ,,%elley1 #agib-ahbb ,illu/ration3 ,,p]cy ,,bys%e ,,%elley4 ,f ! portrait by ,amelia ,curran1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,ano!r fi]y _s ( ! ,revolution 0 ,%elley1 born 9 #agib1 9 a home ( weal?1 at ,field ,place1 ne> ,hor%am1 ,sussex4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ ard5t1 indep5d5t1 & reckless ,engli% poets inspir$ by ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,he 0 a man :o c\ld face infamy & defy ! conv5tionalities ( ! _w1 &1 at ! same mom5t1 ext5d a helpful h& ( sympa?y to a fri5d or sit = sixty h\rs beside ! sick b$ ( 8 dy+ *ild4 ,t5d]1 pity+1 fe>less1 full ( a desire to re=m ! _w1 & ( hatr$ = any =m ( tyranny1 ,%elley fail$ to adju/ himself to ! cu/oms & laws ( 8 actual surr\nd+s4 ,he 0 calumniat$ & despis$ by ! public at l>ge1 & almo/ idoliz$ by 8 intimate fri5ds4 ,at ,eton he d5\nc$ ! tyranny ( ! l>g] boys4 ,at ,ox=d he decri$ ! tyranny ( ! *ur* ov] fre$om ( ?\ght1 & 0 promptly expell$ = 8 pamphlet1 ,! ,necessity ( ,a!ism4 ,?is act s increas$ 8 hatr$ = despotic au?ority t he almo/ imm$iately m>ri$ ,h>riet ,we/brook1 a beautiful s*ool girl ( sixte51 to relieve h] f ! tyranny ( h] fa!r :o want$ h] to return to s*ool4 ,%elley 0 !n only n9ete5 & v *angeable4 ,he w\ld make su* a sudd5 dep>ture f a place :]e he _h v[$ to live =ev]1 t specially invit$ gue/s sometimes came to f9d him gone4 ,he soon fell 9 love ) ,m>y ,woll/onecraft ,godw91 ! brilliant woman :o lat] wrote ! weird romance ,frank5/e91 & he m>ri$ h] aft] ,h>riet ,%elley _h dr[n$ h]self4 ,^! acts ali5at$ 8 family & =c$ him to =feit 8 "r to ,field ,place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%elley',s ,,bir?place1 ,,field ,,place4 ,8 repeat$ly av[$ ideas ^u religion1 gov]nm5t1 & m>riage br\ght him into conflict ) public op9ion4 ,unpopul> at home1 he left ,engl& 9 #ahah1 nev] to return4 ,l ,byron1 he 0 practically an exile4 ,! rema9+ f\r ye>s ( ,%elley's life 7 pass$ 9 comp>ative tranquillity 9 ! ,p>adise ( exiles1 z he call$ ,italy4 ,he liv$ *iefly at ,pisa1 ! la/ eighte5 mon?s ( 8 life4 ,byron r5t$ ! fam\s ,lanfran*i ,palace 9 ,pisa & became ,%elley's neighbor1 (t5 ent]ta9+ him & a gr\p ( ,engli% fri5ds1 among :om 7 ,edw>d ,trelawny1 ! ,boswell ( ,%elley's la/ days1 & ,leigh ,hunt1 biograph] & essayi/4 ,on ,july #g1 #ahbb1 ,%elley said3 ,if ,i die to-morr[1 ,i h liv$ to be old] ?an my fa!r4 ,i am n9ety ye>s ( age4 ,! "y poet 0 "r 9 claim+ t x is n l5g? ( ye>s t measures life4 ,he _h liv$ long] ?an mo/ p :o rea* n9ety4 ,! next day he />t$ 9 company ) two o!rs to sail across ! ,bay ( ,spezzia to 8 summ] home4 ,fri5ds wat*+ f ! %ore saw a sudd5 tempe/ /rike 8 boat4 ,:5 ! cl\d pass$1 ! craft c\ld n be se54 ,n _m mon?s be=e1 he _h writt5 ! la/ /anza ( ,adonais3-- 444my _s's b>k is driv5 ,f> f ! %ore1 f> f ! trembl+ ?rong ,^: sails 7 nev] to ! tempe/ giv52 ,! massy e>? & sph]$ skies are riv56 ,i am borne d>kly1 fe>fully1 af>2 ,:il/1 burn+ ?r\gh ! inmo/ veil ( heav51 ,! s\l ( ,adonais1 l a />1 ,beacons f ! abode :]e ! ,et]nal are4 ,%elley's body 0 wa%$ a%ore1 ,july #ah1 & x 0 burn$ ne> ! spot1 9 accordance ) ,italian law2 b ! a%es & ! unconsum$ he>t 7 int]r$ 9 ! beautiful ,prote/ant cemet]y at ,rome1 n f> f :]e ,keats 0 buri$ ! previ\s ye>4 ,few poets h be5 lov$ m ?an ,%elley4 ,tw5tie? c5tury visitors to 8 grave (t5 f9d x cov]$ ) fre% fl[]s4 ,! direction :i* he wrote = f9d+ ! tomb ( ,keats is m applicable to ,%elly's own re/+ place3-- ,pass1 till ! ,_s ( ! spot %all lead ,?y foot/eps to a slope ( gre5 access1 ,:]e1 l an infant's smile1 ov] ! dead ,a light ( laugh+ fl[]s along ! grass is spread4#bb ,works4--,ala/or1 or ! ,_s ( ,solitude 7#ahaf7 is a magnific5t expression ( ,%elley's own re/less1 tameless _s1 w&]+ among ! gr& solitudes ( nature 9 se>* ( ! ineffably lovely dream maid51 :o 0 8 ideal ( beauty4 ,he travels ?r\gh primeval =e/s1 /&s ^u dizzy abysses1 plies ?r\gh ro>+ :irlpools1 all ( :i* are symbolic ( ! s\l's wayf>+1 until at la/1-- ,:5 on ! ?re%old ( ! gre5 recess1 8 dy+ glance re/s ^u ! sett+ moon & ! suff]] f9ds et]nal peace4 ,! g5]al tone ( ?is poem is pa9fully despair+1 b ?is is reliev$ by ! gr&eur ( ! natural sc5es & by _m imag9ative flights4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grave ,,( ,,%elley1 ,,prote/ant ,,cemet]y1 ,,rome4 ,! ye> #ahai saw ! publication ( a "w unique among ,%elley's productions1 ,! ,c5ci4 ,?is is a drama bas$ ^u ! tragic /ory ( ,beatrice ,c5ci4 ,! poem deals ) human be+s1 human passions1 real acts1 & ! natural _w1 :]eas ,%elley usually pref]r$ to treat ( metaphysical !ories1 p]sonifi$ ab/ractions1 & ! _w ( fancy4 ,?is /rong drama 0 ! mo/ popul> ( 8 works dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,/anza ,,f ,,to ,a ,,skyl>k4 ,he return$ to ! ideal sph]e aga9 9 "o ( 8 great poems1 ! lyrical drama ,prome!us ,unb\nd 7#ahbj74 ,?is poem is ! apo!osis ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,prome!us1 ! fri5d ( mank9d1 lies tortur$ & *a9$ to ! m\nta9 side4 ,z ! h\r r$emption approa*es1 8 belov$ ,asia1 ! symbol ( nature1 ar\ses ! s\l ( ,revolution1 repres5t$ by ,demogorgon4 ,he rises1 hurls d[n ! enemies ( progress & fre$om1 releases ,prome!us1 & spreads lib]ty & happ9ess ?r\gh all ! _w4 ,!n ! ,moon1 ! ,e>?1 & ! ,voices ( ! ,air break =? into a magnific5t *ant ( praise4 ,! mo/ delicate fancies1 ! mo/ gorge\s imag]y1 & ! mo/ fi]y1 exultant emotions are comb9$ 9 ?is poem ) some?+ ( ! /atel9ess ( its ,greek prototype4 ,! swell+ cad5ces ( ! blank v]se & ! tripp+ rhy?m ( ! lyrics are ! product ( a nature ri* 9 r>e & wond]ful melodies4 ,! ,wit* ( ,atlas 7#ahbj71 ,epipsy*idion 7#ahba71 ,adonais 7#ahba71 & ! exquisite lyrics1 ,! ,cl\d1 ,to a ,skyl>k & ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d are ! mo/ beautiful ( ! rema9+ works4 ,! fir/ two m5tion$ are ! mo/ elusive ( ,%elley's poems4 ,) sc>cely an e*o 9 8 s\l ( ! %ad[s & discords ( e>?1 ! poet pa9ts1 9 ^! works1 l&s-- 444'twixt ,heav51 ,air1 ,e>?1 & ,sea1 ,cradl$1 & hung 9 cle> tranquillity2 :]e all is-- ,beautiful z a wreck ( ,p>adise4#bc ,adonais is a lam5t = ! e>ly dea? ( ,keats1 & x /&s second 9 ! language among elegiac poems1 rank+ next to ,milton's ,lycidas4 ,%elley ref]r$ to ,adonais z p]haps ! lea/ imp]fect ( my compositions4 ,8 biograph]1 ,edw>d ,d[d51 calls x ! co/lie/ monum5t ev] erect$ to ! memory ( an ,engli% s+]1 :o 444b\ght1 ) price ( pure/ brea?1 ,a grave among ! et]nal4 ,mrs4 ,%elley put "s ( h] mo/ sacr$ mem5tos ( ! poet betwe5 ! leaves ( ,adonais1 :i* spoke to h] ( 8 own immortality & omnipres5ce3-- ,naught we "k dies4 ,%all t alone :i* kn[s ,be z a sword consum$ be=e ! %ea? ,by sightless lightn+8 99 99 99 99 99 ,he is a portion ( ! lovel9ess1 ,:i* once he made m lovely4 ,al?\gh "s ( ,%elley's %ort] poems are m popul>1 no?+ t he ev] wrote surpasses ,adonais 9 complet5ess1 poetic ?\ght1 & p]fection ( arti/ic f9i%4 ,treatm5t ( ,nature4--,%elley 0 n int]e/$ 9 ?+s !mselves1 b 9 _! elusive1 animat+ _s4 ,9 ! lyric poem1 ,to ,night1 he does n address himself to m]e d>kness1 b to ! active1 dream-weav+ ,_s ( ,night4 ,! v _s ( ! autumnal w9d seems to him to brea! on ! leaves & turn !m-- ,yell[1 & black1 & pale1 & hectic r$1 ,pe/il5ce-/rick5 multitudes4#bd ,9 8 spiritual conception ( nature1 he 0 pr(\ndly affect$ by ,wordswor?2 b he goes f>!r ?an ! old] poet 9 giv+ expression to ! /rictly individual =ms ( nature4 ,wordswor? pictures nature z a reflection ( 8 own ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,9 ,! ,prelude he says3-- ,to unorganic natures 7 transf]r$ ,my own enjoym5ts4 ,%elley1 on ! o!r h&1 is mo/ satisfy+ & orig9al :5 8 individual _s =ms 9 night1 cl\d1 skyl>k1 & w9d are made to s+1 n z a reflection ( 8 own mood1 b z ^! _s =ces might !mselves be suppos$ to s+1 if !y c\ld express _! song 9 human language )\t ! aid ( a poet4 ,9 ! lyric1 ,! ,cl\d1 x is ! animat+ _s ( ! ,cl\d itself t s+s ! song3-- ,i br+ fre% %[]s = ! ?ir/+ fl[]s1 ,f ! seas & ! /reams2 ,i be> light %ade = ! leaves :5 laid ,9 _! noonday dreams4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i sift ! sn[ on ! m\nta9s bel[ ,& _! great p9es groan agha/4 ,he ?us beg9s ! song1 ,to a ,skyl>k-- ,hail to !e1 bli! _s6 ,bird ?\ nev] w]t1 & he lik5s ! l>k to an unbodi$ joy4 ,he peoples ! g>d5 9 8 lyric1 ,! ,s5sitive ,plant1 ) fl[]s t are def9ite1 individual manife/ations ( ! ,_s ( ,love felt ev]y:]e1 ! same p[] on :i* ,%elley en?usia/ically reli$ = ! spe$y trans=mation ( ! _w4 ,a ,s5sitive ,plant 9 a g>d5 grew1 ,& ! "y w9ds f$ x ) silv] dew4 ,! tulip tall1 ! ,naiad-l lily1 ! jessam9e fa9t1 ! sweet tub]ose1 7 all m9i/]+ angels to ! companionless ,s5sitive ,plant1 & ea* tri$ to be a s\rce ( joy to all ! re/4 ,no "o :o _h n caught ! new _s ( humanity c\ld h imag9$ t g>d54 ,9 ! exquisite ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d1 he calls to t brea? ( ,autumn's be+ to express its own mighty h>monies ?r\gh him3-- ,o wild ,we/ ,w9d1 ?\ brea? ( ,autumn's be+1 99 99 99 99 99 ,make me ?y lyre1 ev5 z ! =e/ is3 ,:at if my leaves are fall+ l its own6 ,! tumult ( ?y mighty h>monies ,w take f bo? a deep1 autumnal tone1 ,sweet ?\gh 9 sadness4 ,we may fancy t ! _s =ms ( nature :i* appe> 9 cl\d & night1 9 song ( bird & we/]n w9d1 are cont5t to h f\nd 9 ,%elley a lyre t respond$ to _! t\* 9 su* entranc+ notes4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,%elley's is ! pure/1 ! mo/ hopeful1 & ! noble/ voice ( ! ,revolution4 ,wordswor? & ,col]idge lo/ _! fai? & became ,tories1 & ,byron 0 a selfi%1 lawless creature2 b ,%elley _h ! m>tyr _s ( sacrifice1 & he tru/$ to ! end 9 ! wild hopes ( ! revolution>y en?usia/s4 ,8 ,que5 ,mab1 ,revolt ( ,islam1 ,ode to ,lib]ty1 ,ode to ,naples1 &1 above all1 8 ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 are "s ( ! works inspir$ by a tru/ 9 ! ideal democracy :i* 0 to be bas$ on univ]sal love & ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,?is fai? gives a b\nd+ ela/icity & buoyancy to ,%elley's ?\ght1 b also t+es x ) t disgu/ = ! old1 t defiance ( re/ra9t1 & t boyi% disreg>d = exp]i5ce :i* m>k a "t ( revolt4 ,! o!r subject t ,%elley treats mo/ frequ5tly 9 8 v]se is ideal beauty4 ,he ye>n$ all 8 life = "s =m beautiful en\gh to satisfy ! aspirations ( 8 s\l4 ,ala/or1 ,epipsy*idion1 ,! ,wit* ( ,atlas1 & ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 all brea! ?is insatiate crav+ = t ,_s ( ,beauty1 t awful ,lovel9ess4 ,_m ( 8 ef=ts to describe 9 v]se ?is democracy & ?is ideal beauty are impalpable & obscure4 ,x is difficult to clo! su* %ad[y ab/ractions 9 cle>1 simple =m4 ,he is occasionally vague because 8 ?\ghts seem to h em]g$ only p>tially f ! cl\d l&s t gave !m bir?4 ,at o!r times1 8 vagu5ess resembles ,plato's because x is inh]5t 9 ! subject matt]4 ,l ,byron1 ,%elley is sometimes c>eless 9 ! con/ruction & revision ( 8 v]se4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 se>* 9 va9 = ^! faults 9 ,%elley's greate/ lyrics4 ,he is "o ( ! supreme lyrical g5iuses 9 ! language4 ,( all ! lyric poets ( ,engl&1 he is ! greate/ ma/] ( an e!real1 evanesc5t1 phantomlike beauty4 ,,john ,,keats1 #agie-ahba ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,keats4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,hilton1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,john ,keats1 ! son ( a keep] ( a l>ge liv]y /able1 a man f9e 9 common s5se & native respectability1 0 born 9 ,moorfields1 ,london1 9 #agie4 ,he att5d$ s*ool at ,enfield1 :]e he 0 a prize s*ol>4 ,he took special pleasure 9 /udy+ ,grecian my?ology1 ! influ5ce ( :i* is s app>5t 9 8 poetry4 ,:ile at s*ool1 he also volunt>ily wrote a translation ( mu* ( ,v]gil's ,a,eneid4 ,x w\ld seem z if he _h also be5 attract$ to ,%akespe>e2 = ,keats is cr$it$ ) express+ to a "y playmate ! op9ion t no "o1 if alone 9 ! h\se1 w\ld d>e read ,macbe? at two 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 ,keats 0 left an orphan 9 8 fifte5? ye>1 he 0 tak5 f s*ool & appr5tic$ to a surgeon at ,edmonton1 ne> ,london4 ,:5 sev5te51 he walk$ "s di/ance to borr[ a copy ( ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,a fri5d says3 ,keats ramp$ ?r\gh ! sc5es ( ! romance l a "y horse turn$ into a spr+ mead[4 ,8 /udy ( ,grecian my?ology & ,elizabe?an poetry ex]t$ a /rong] influ5ce ov] him ?an 8 m$ical in/ructor4 ,"o day :5 ,keats %\ld h be5 li/5+ to a surgical lecture1 !re came1 he says1 a sunbeam into ! room & ) x a :ole troop ( creatures float+ 9 ! ray3 & ,i 0 (f ) !m to ,ob]on & fairy l&4 ,he made a mod]ately good surgeon2 b f9d+ t 8 he>t 0 con/antly ) ,ob]on & ! fairy l& ( poesy1 he gave up 8 pr(ession 9 #ahag & began to /udy h>d1 prep>atory to a lit]>y c>e]4 ,8 %ort life 0 a brave /ruggle aga9/ disease1 pov]ty1 & unfri5dly criticism2 b he accompli%$ m ?an any o!r ,engli% au?or 9 ! fir/ tw5ty-five ye>s ( life4 ,success "u su* conditions w\ld h be5 impossible unless he _h _h fl9t & iron 9 him4 ,he wrote3-- ,i mu/ ?9k t difficulties n]ve ! _s ( a man4 ,!y make 8 ,prime ,objects a ,refuge z well z a ,passion4 ,late 9 #ahah1 aft] he _h publi%$ 8 fir/ volume ( v]se1 he met ,fanny ,brawne1 a girl ( eighte51 & soon fell desp]ately 9 love ) h]4 ,! next six mon?s 7 ! happie/ & ! mo/ productive p]iod ( 8 life4 ,8 heal? 0 !n su* t he c\ld take long walks ) h]4 ,9 ! fir/ spr+ aft] he _h met h]1 he wrote 9 less ?an ?ree h\rs 8 wond]ful ,ode to a ,night+ale1 :ile he 0 sitt+ 9 ! g>d5 ( 8 home at ,w5twor? ,place1 ,hamp/ead1 ne> ,london1 li/5+ to ! song ( ! bird4 ,mo/ ( 8 fam\s poems 7 writt5 9 ! ye> aft] meet+ h]4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahbj1 8 heal? began to decl9e s rapidly t he knew t 8 days 7 numb]$4 ,8 "m & "o ( 8 bro!rs _h di$ ( consumption1 & he _h be5 = "s "t ?reat5$ ) ! disease4 ,he (f]$ to release ,miss ,brawne f h] engagem5t1 b %e w\ld n li/5 to ! sugge/ion4 ,%e & h] "m tri$ to nurse him back to heal?4 ,few ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% au?ors are t+$ ) a deep] pa?os ?an 8 engagem5t to ,miss ,brawne4 ,"s ( ! lett]s t he wrote to h] or ab\t h] are almo/ tragic4 ,aft] he _h tak5 8 la/ leave ( h] he wrote1 ,i c be> to die--,i _c be> to leave h]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w5twor? ,,place1 ,,keats',s ,,home ,,9 ,,hamp/ead4 ,act+ on insi/5t m$ical advice1 ,keats sail$ = ,italy 9 ,septemb]1 #ahbj1 accompani$ by a /an* fri5d1 ! arti/ ,joseph ,sev]n4 ,on ?is voyage1 ,keats wrote a sonnet :i* prov$ to be 8 swan song3-- ,bright />6 w\ld ,i 7 /eadfa/ z ?\ art-- ,n 9 lone spl5dor hung al(t ! night ,& wat*+1 ) et]nal lids ap>t1 ,l ,nature's pati5t1 sleepless ,eremite1 ,! mov+ wat]s at _! prie/like task ,( pure ablution r\nd e>?'s human %ores4 ,:ile he lay on 8 sick b$ 9 ,rome1 he said3 ,i feel ! fl[]s gr[+ ov] me4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahba1 he di$1 at ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s & f\r mon?s4 ,on ! mode/ /one :i* m>ks 8 grave 9 ! ,prote/ant ,cemet]y 9 ,rome1 !re 0 plac$ at 8 reque/3 ,"h lies "o ^: "n 0 writ 9 wat]4 ,8 mo/ appropriate epitaph is ,%elley's ,adonais4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grave ,,( ,,keats1 ,,rome4 ,poems4--,9 #ahag he publi%$ 8 fir/ poems 9 a ?9 volume1 :i* did n attract mu* att5tion1 al?\gh x conta9$ two excell5t sonnets3 ,on ,fir/ ,look+ into ,*apman's ,hom] & ,on ! ,gras%opp] & ,cricket1 :i* beg9s ) ! fam\s l9e3-- ,! poetry ( e>? is nev] dead4 ,we may also f9d 9 ?is volume su* l9es ( promise z3-- ,life is ! rose's hope :ile yet unbl[n ,! read+ ( an ev] *ang+ tale4 ,a ye> lat]1 8 long poem1 ,endymion1 appe>$4 ,! inn] purpose ( ?is poetic romance is to %[ ! se>* ( ! s\l = absolute ,beauty4 ,! fir/ five l9es are a beautiful exposition ( 8 poetic cre$4 ,endymion1 h[ev]1 suff]s f immaturity1 %[n 9 boyi% s5tim5tality1 9 a confusion ( details1 & 9 an ov]abundance ( ornam5t4 ,?is poem met ) a torr5t ( abuse4 ,"o critic ev5 que/ion$ :e!r ,keats 0 ! real "n ( ! au?or1 add+1 we almo/ d\bt :e!r any man 9 8 s5ses w\ld put 8 real "n to su* a rhapsody4 ,keats %[$ himself a bett] critic ?an ! review]s4 ,x is unusual = a poet to recognize almo/ at once ! blemi%es 9 8 own "w4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t a c]ta9 critic-- 444is p]fectly "r 9 reg>d to ! 'slip%od' ,endymion444 x is z good z ,i _h ! p[] to make x by myself4 ,i h writt5 indep5d5tly1 )\t judgem5t1 ,i may write indep5d5tly & ) judgem5t h]eaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,orig9al ,,ms4 ,,( ,,endymion4 ,! quickness ( 8 developm5t is "o ( ! mo/ amaz+ facts 9 lit]>y hi/ory4 ,he 0 tw5ty-?ree :5 ,endymion 0 publi%$1 b 9 ! next eighte5 mon?s he _h almo/ f9i%$ 8 life's "w4 ,9 t brief "t1 he p]fect$ 8 art & wrote poems t rank among ! greate/ ( _! k9d1 & t h influ5c$ ! "w ( _m succe$+ poets1 su* z ,t5nyson1 ,l[ell1 & ,sw9burne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,endymion4 ,f mural pa9t+ by ,h4,o4 ,walk]1 ,congressional ,libr>y1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,ne>ly all 8 greate/ poems 7 writt5 9 #ahai & publi%$ 9 8 #ahbj volume4 ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes 7,janu>y1 #ahai7 & ! ,ode to a ,night+ale 7,may1 #ahai7 are p]haps 8 two mo/ popul> poems2 b 8 o!r ma/]pieces are suffici5tly great to make *oice among !m l>gely a matt] ( individual pref]5ce4 ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes is an almo/ flawless n>rative poem1 romantic 9 its conception & arti/ic 9 its execution4 ,porphyro1 a "y lov]1 ga9s entrance to a ho/ile ca/le on ! eve ( ,/4 ,agnes to see if he _c w9 8 h]o9e1 ,madel9e1 on t en*ant$ ev5+4 ,! int]e/ 9 ! /ory1 ! ma/]y ( poetic language1 ! weal? & v>iety ( ! imag]y1 ! atmosph]e ( m$ieval days1 comb9e to make ?is poem unusually attractive4 ,! foll[+ l9es appeal to ! s5ses ( sight1 odor1 s\nd1 & temp]ature1#be z well z to romantic human feel+ & love ( ! beautiful3-- 444l a ?robb+ /> ,se5 mid ! sapphire heav5's deep repose2 ,into h] dream he melt$1 z ! rose ,bl5de? its odor ) ! violet1-- ,solution sweet3 meantime ! fro/-w9d bl[s ,l ,love's al>um patt]+ ! %>p sleet ,aga9/ ! w9d[ panes2 ,/4 ,agnes' moon ha? set4 ,! fact t ,keats c\ld write ! ,ode to a ,night+ale 9 ?ree h\rs is pro( ( g5ius4 ,?is poem pleases lov]s ( music1 ( arti/ic expression1 ( nature1 ( romance1 & ( human pa?os4 ,su* l9es z ^! %[ t ! /r5g? & beauty ( 8 v]se are n entirely dep5d5t on images ( s5se3-- ,d>kl+ ,i li/52 &1 = _m a "t ,i h be5 half 9 love ) easeful ,dea?1 ,call'd him s(t names 9 _m a musd rhyme1 ,to take into ! air my quiet brea?4 ,! ,ode on a ,grecian ,urn1 ,to ,autumn1 ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci1 ,ode on ,melan*oly1 ,lamia1 & ,isabella1--all %[ ! unusual *>m ( ,keats4 ,he manife/s ! greate/ /r5g? 9 8 unf9i%$ fragm5t ,hyp]ion1 ! ,gtt]dmm]ung ( ! e>ly ,grecian gods4 ,! op5+ l9es reveal ! arti/ic p]fection ( =m & ! effectiv5ess ( ! s5sory images ) :i* he frames ! sc5e3-- ,deep 9 ! %ady sadness ( a vale ,f> sunk5 f ! heal?y brea? ( morn1 ,f> f ! fi]y noon1 & eve's "o />1 ,sat gray-hair'd ,saturn1 quiet z a /one1 ,/ill z ! sil5ce r\nd ab\t 8 lair2 ,=e/ on =e/ hung ab\t 8 head ,l cl\d on cl\d4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,keats is ! poetic apo/le ( ! beautiful4 ,he specially emphasizes ! beautiful 9 ! _w ( ! s5ses2 b 8 def9ition ( beauty grew to include m ?an m]e physical s5sations f attractive objects4 ,9 8 ,ode to a ,grecian ,urn1 he says t ,beauty is tru?1 tru? beauty1 & he calls to ! ,grecian pipes to play-- ,n to ! s5sual e>1 b1 m ende>$1 ,pipe to ! _s ditties ( no tone4 ,^? poets :o ?\ght t !y c\ld equal ,keats by pil+ up a m$ley ( s5se images h be5 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,! trans=m+ p[] ( 8 imag9ation is m rem>kable ?an ! weal? ( 8 s5sations4 ,8 ma/]y 9 *oos+1 adapt+1 & sometimes ev5 creat+1 apt poetic words or phrases1 is "o ( 8 special *>ms4 ,mat!w ,arnold says3 ,no "o else 9 ,engli% poetry1 save ,%akespe>e1 has 9 expression q ! fasc9at+ felicity ( ,keats4 ,"s ( 8 descriptive adjectives & phrases1 su* z ! deep-damask$ w+s ( ! tig]-mo?1 h be5 call$ m9iature poems4 ,9 ! eighty l9es ( ! ,ode to a ,night+ale1 we may note ! full-?roat$ ease ( ! night+ale's song1 ! v9tage cool$ 9 ! deep-delv$ e>?1 ! bead$ bubbles w9k+ at ! brim ( ! beak] full ( ! w>m ,s\?1 ! com+ musk-rose1 full ( dewy w9e1 ! sad ,ru? amid ! ali5 corn1 & ! fa]y l&s =lorn4 ,a contempor>y critic accus$ ,keats ( spawn+ new words1 ( conv]t+ v]bs into n\ns1 ( =m+ new v]bs1 & ( mak+ /range use ( adjectives & adv]bs4 ,"s contempor>ies might object to 8 tor*d m9es1 flawbl[n sleet1 liegeless air1 or ev5 to ! calm-?roat$ ?ru% ( ! immortals4 ,mod]n lov]s ( poetry1 h[ev]1 ?9k t he display$ additional pro( ( g5ius by enri*+ ! vocabul>y ( poetry m ?an any o!r writ] s9ce ,milton4 ,keats 0 n1 l ,byron & ,%elley1 a re=m]4 ,he drew 8 fir/ inspiration f ,grecian my?ology & ! romantic _w ( ,sp5s]1 n f ! ,fr5* ,revolution or ! social unre/ ( 8 own day4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a mi/ake to say t he 0 unt\*$ by ! new human impulses4 ,!re is mod]n feel+ 9 ! foll[+ l9es :i* introduce u to ! two cruel bro!rs 9 ,isabella3-- 444= !m _m a we>y h& did swelt ,9 tor*d m9es & noisy factories4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= !m ! ,ceylon div] held 8 brea?1 ,& w5t all nak$ to ! hungry %>k2 ,= !m 8 e>s gu%$ blood2 = !m 9 dea? ,! seal on ! cold ice ) pite\s b>k ,lay full ( d>ts4 ,9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ,mat!w ,arnold wrote ( ,keats3 ,he is ) ,%akespe>e4 ,&rew ,bradley1 a tw5tie? c5tury pr(essor ( poetry 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 says3 ,keats 0 ( ,%akespe>e's tribe4 ,^! em95t critics d n mean t ,keats _h ! bread?1 ! humor1 ! moral appeal ( ,%akespe>e1 b !y d f9d 9 ,keats mu* ( ! y\?ful ,%akespe>e's lyrical p[]1 ma/]y ( expression1 & int5se love ( ! beautiful 9 life4 ,:5 ,keats said3 ,if a sp>r[ comes be=e my w9d[1 ,i take "p 9 its exi/5ce & pick ab\t ! gravel1 he %[$ ano!r ,%akespe>ean quality 9 8 p[] to ent] into ! life ( o!r creatures4 ,at fir/ he wrote ( ! beautiful ?+s t appeal$ to 8 s5ses or 8 fancies1 b :5 he came to ask himself ! "q3-- ,& c ,i ev] bid ^! joys f>ewell8 he answ]$3-- ,yes1 ,i mu/ pass !m = a nobl] life1 ,:]e ,i may f9d ! agonies1 ! /rife ,( human he>ts4#bf ,9 ,isabella1 ! ,ode to a ,night+ale1 ,lamia1 & ,hyp]ion1 he 0 beg9n+ to pa9t ^! agonies & ! /rife2 b dea? swiftly end$ fur!r progress on ?is road4 ,be=e he pass$ away1 h[ev]1 he left "s ?+s t h an ,elizabe?an appeal4 ,among su*1 we may m5tion 8 welcome to easeful dea?1 8 arti/ic sett+ ( a puzzl+ tru?3-- 444,joy1 ^: h& is ev] at 8 lips1 ,bidd+ adieu1 8 l9e to :i* ! "y _w /ill responds3-- ,=ev] wilt ?\ love & %e be fair1 & especially ! musical call ( 8 own "y life1 ye>n+ l a ,god 9 pa94 ,,?omas ,,de ,,qu9cey1 #aghe-ahei ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,de ,,qu9cey4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,j4,w4 ,gordon1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4-,?omas de ,qu9cey 0 born 9 ,man*e/] 9 #aghe4 ,be+ a precoci\s *ild1 he became a rem>kable /ud5t at ! age ( eight4 ,:5 he 0 only elev51 8 ,lat9 v]ses 7 ! envy ( ! old] boys at ! ,ba? s*ool1 :i* he 0 !n att5d+4 ,at ! age ( fifte51 he 0 s ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ,greek t 8 pr(essor said ( him to a fri5d3 ,t boy c\ld h>angue an ,a!nian mob bett] ?an y or ,i c\ld address an ,engli% "o4 ,de ,qu9cey 0 s5t 9 ?is ye> to ! ,man*e/] gramm> s*ool2 b 8 m9d 0 9 advance ( ! in/ruction (f]$ !re1 & he unc]emoni\sly left ! s*ool on 8 sev5te5? bir?day4 ,= a "t he tramp$ ?r\gh ,wales1 liv+ on an all[ance ( a gu9ea a week4 ,hung]+ = books1 he sudd5ly po/$ to ,london4 ,z he fe>$ t 8 family w\ld =ce him to return to s*ool1 he did n let !m "k 8 :]eab\ts4 ,he !re=e receiv$ no money f !m1 & 0 =c$ to w&] hungry1 sick1 & de/itute1 ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! metropolis1 ) its outca/s & waifs4 ,he describes ?is "p ( 8 life 9 a v ent]ta9+ mann] 9 8 ,confessions ( an ,engli% ,opium-,eat]4 ,:5 8 family f\nd him1 a ye> lat]1 !y prevail$ on him to g to ,ox=d2 &1 = ! next f\r ye>s1 he liv$ ! life ( a recluse at college4 ,9 #ahjh he took ! cottage at ,grasm]e t ,wordswor? _h quitt$1 & enjoy$ ! society ( ! ?ree ,lake poets4 ,"h ,de ,qu9cey m>ri$ & liv$ 8 happie/ ye>s4 ,! latt] "p ( 8 life 0 cl\d$ by 8 indulg5ce 9 opium1 :i* he _h fir/ tak5 :ile at college to relieve acute neuralgia4 ,at "o "t he 0 9 ! habit ( tak+ an almo/ incr$ible am\nt ( laudanum4 ,ow+ to a bus9ess failure1 8 money 0 lo/4 ,x !n became necess>y = him to ?r[ (f ! influ5ce ( ! n>cotic suffici5tly to e>n a livelihood1 ,9 #ahba he began to write4 ,f t "t until 8 dea?1 9 #ahei1 8 life 0 devot$ ma9ly to lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,room ,,9 ,,dove ,,cottage ,,occupi$ ,,by ,,wordswor?1 ,,col]idge1 ,,& ,,de ,,qu9cey4 ,works4--,ne>ly all ,de ,qu9cey's writ+s 7 contribut$ to magaz9es4 ,8 fir/ & greate/ contribution 0 ,! ,confessions ( an ,engli% ,opium-,eat]1 publi%$ 9 ! ,london ,magaz9e4 ,^! ,confessions are mo/ rem>kable = ! brilliant & elaborate /yle 9 :i* ! au?or's e>ly life & 8 opium dreams are relat$4 ,8 spl5did1 yet melan*oly1 dreams are ! mo/ fam\s 9 ! language4 ,de ,qu9cey's wide read+1 especially ( hi/ory1 suppli$ ! mat]ial = _m ( !m4 ,9 ^! dreams he saw ! c\rt ladies ( ! unhappy times ( ,*>les ,i41 witness$ ,m>ius pass by ) 8 ,roman legions1 ran into pagodas 9 ,*9a1 :]e he 0 fix$1 = c5turies1 at ! summit1 or 9 secret rooms1 & 0 buri$ = a ?\s& ye>s1 9 /one c(f9s1 9 n>r[ *amb]s at ! he>t ( et]nal pyramids 9 ,egypt4 ,8 dreams 7 affect$ also by ! ?rongs ( p :om he _h wat*$ 9 ,london4 ,he 0 haunt$ by ! tyranny ( ! human face4 ,he says3-- ,faces implor+1 wra?ful1 despair+1 surg$ upw>ds by ?\s&s1 by myriads1 by g5]ations1 by c5turies3 my agitation 0 inf9ite1 my m9d toss$1 & surg$ ) ! ocean4 ,s\nd also play$ a l>ge "p 9 ! dreams4 ,music1 he>t-break+ lam5tations1 & pitiful e*oes recurr$ frequ5tly 9 ! mo/ magnific5t ( ^! nightly pageants4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/ress+ features ( ! dreams 0 _! va/ness4 ,! dream] liv$ = c5turies 9 "o night1 & space swell$1 & 0 amplifi$ to an ext5t ( unutt]able inf9ity4 ,to pres5t ) su* =ce & reality ^! grotesque & weird fancies1 ^! vague horrors1 & ^! deep oppressions requir$ a p[]ful imag9ative grasp ( ! intangible1 & a ma/]ly comm& ( language4 ,9 no o!r "w does ,de ,qu9cey rea* ! em95ce atta9$ 9 ! ,confessions1 al?\gh 8 s*ol>ly acquirem5ts enabl$ him to treat philosophical1 critical1 & hi/orical subjects ) wond]ful grace & ease4 ,8 biograph]1 ,masson1 says1 ,de ,qu9cey's sixte5 volumes ( magaz9e articles are full ( bra9 f beg9n+ to end4 ,! wide range ( 8 erudition is %[n by ! fact t he c\ld write su* f9e lit]>y criticisms z ,on ,wordswor?'s ,poetry & ,on ! ,knock+ at ! ,gate 9 ,macbe?1 su* cle>1 /rong1 & vivid descriptions ( hi/orical ev5ts & *>act]s z ,! ,caes>s1 ,joan ( ,arc1 & ,! ,revolt ( ! ,t>t>s1 & su* acute essays on unfamili> topics z ,! ,toilette ( a ,hebrew ,lady1 ,! ,casui/ry ( ,roman ,meals1 & ,! ,spani% ,milit>y ,nun4 ,he _h a contemplative1 analytic m9d :i* enjoy$ knotty metaphysical problems & que/ions f> remov$ f daily life1 su* z ! fir/ pr9ciples ( political economy1 & ( ,g]man philosophy4 ,:ile he 0 a cle> ?9k] 9 su* fields1 he add$ little t 0 new to ,engli% ?\ght4 ,! works :i* rank next to ,! ,confessions ( an ,engli% ,opium-,eat] are all l>gely autobiographical1 & reveal *>m+ glimpses ( ?is dreamy1 le>n$ sage4 ,^? works are ,suspiria de ,pr(undis 7,sighs f ! ,dep?s71 ,! ,engli% ,mail ,coa*1 & ,autobiographic ,sket*es4 ,none ( !m conta9s any /rik+ or unusual exp]i5ce ( ! au?or4 ,_! p[] re/s ^u _! m>vel\s /yle4 ,levana & ,our ,ladies ( ,sorr[ 9 ,suspiria de ,pr(undis & ! ,dream ,fugue 9 ! ,mail ,coa* are among ! mo/ musical1 ! mo/ poetic1 & ! mo/ imag9ative ( ! au?or's productions4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,de ,qu9cey's essays %[ v]satility1 s*ol>ly exactness1 & great imag9ative p[]4 ,8 fame1 h[ev]1 re/s 9 a l>ge degree ^u 8 /yle4 ,"o ( its mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ics is1 precision4 ,!re are b few ,engli% essayi/s :o c comp>e ) him 9 scrupul\s precision ( expression4 ,he qualifies & elaborates a simple /atem5t until its exact mean+ becomes pla9ly manife/4 ,8 vocabul>y is extraord9>y4 ,9 any ( ! multif>i\s subjects treat$ by him1 ! "r ^w seems always at h&4 ,two *>act]i/ics1 :i* are v /rik+ 9 all 8 works1 are h>mony & /atel9ess4 ,8 language is s full ( ri* h>monies t x *all5ges comp>ison ) poetry4 ,8 long1 p]iodic s5t5ces move ) a quiet dignity1 adapt$ to ! treatm5t ( l(ty !mes4 ,de ,qu9cey's "w possesses also a light1 ironic humor1 :i* is happie/ 9 p>ody4 ,! essay ^u ,murd] ,consid]$ z ,"o ( ! ,f9e ,arts is ! be/ example ( 8 humor4 ,?is selection is "o ( ! mo/ :imsical3-- ,=1 if once a man indulges himself 9 murd]1 v soon he come1 to ?9k little ( robb+2 & f robb+ he comes next to dr9k+ & ,sabba? break+1 & f t to incivility & procra/9ation4 ,once beg9 ^u ?is d[nw>d pa?1 y nev] "k :]e y are to /op4 ,de ,qu9cey's grave/ fault is digression4 ,he frequ5tly leaves 8 ma9 !me & foll[s "s l9e ( ?\ght t has be5 sugge/$ to 8 well-/or$ m9d4 ,^! digressions are (t5 v long1 & sometimes "o leads to ano!r1 until sev]al subjects receive treatm5t 9 a s+le pap]4 ,de ,qu9cey1 h[ev]1 always returns to ! subject 9 h& & def9es v %>ply ! po9t ( digression & ( return4 ,ano!r ( 8 faults is an indulg5ce 9 involv$ s5t5ces1 :i* weak5 ! vigor & simplicity ( ! /yle4 ,despite ^! faults1 ,de ,qu9cey is a great ma/] ( language4 ,he des]ves /udy = ! ?ree mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( 8 /yle1--precision1 /atel9ess1 & h>mony4 ,,summ>y ,! tide ( reaction1 :i* _h = same "t be5 ga!r+ =ce1 swept triumphantly ov] ,engl& 9 ?is age ( ,romanticism4 ,m5 rebell$ aga9/ ! ari/ocracy1 ! n>r[ conv5tions ( society1 ! au?ority ( ! *ur* & ( ! gov]nm5t1 aga9/ ! supremacy ( cold classicism 9 lit]ature1 aga9/ conf9+ intellectual activity to tangible commonplace ?+s1 & aga9/ ! repression ( imag9ation & ( ! s\l's aspirations4 ,! two pr9cipal =ces beh9d ^! *anges 7 ! ,romantic movem5t1 :i* culm9at$ 9 *ang$ lit]>y ideals1 & ! _s ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :i* emphasiz$ ! close k9%ip ( all ranks ( humanity4 ,! "t 0 preem95tly poetic4 ,! ,elizabe?an age alone excels x 9 ! glory ( its poetry4 ,! pr9cipal subjects ( v]se 9 ! age ( ,romanticism 7 nature & man4 ,nature became ! embodim5t ( an intellig5t1 sympa!tic1 spiritual =ce4 ,c[p]1 ,burns1 ,scott1 ,wordswor?1 ,col]idge1 ,byron1 ,%elley1 & ,keats con/itute a gr\p ( poets :o gave to ,engli% lit]ature a new poetry ( nature4 ,! majority ( ^! 7 also poets ( man1 ( a m ideal humanity4 ,! common man became an object ( reg>d4 ,burns s+s ( ! ,scot* peasant4 ,wordswor? pictures ! life ( %eph]ds & dalesm54 ,byron's l9es r+ ) a cry ( lib]ty = all1 & ,%elley immortalizes ! dreams ( a univ]sal bro!rhood ( man4 ,keats1 ! poet ( ! beautiful1 pass$ away be=e he he>d cle>ly ! message ( ! /ill sad music ( humanity4 ,:ile ! prose does n take su* high rank z ! poetry1 !re are "s writ]s :o w n soon be =gott54 ,scott w be rememb]$ z ! great ma/] ( ! hi/orical novel1 ,jane ,au/5 z ! skillful reali/ic int]pret] ( ev]yday life1 ,de ,qu9cey = ! brilliancy ( 8 /yle & ! vigor ( 8 imag9ation 9 pres5t+ 8 opium dreams1 & ,lamb = 8 exquisite humor4 ,9 philosophical prose1 ,mill1 ,b5?am1 & ,mal?us made important contributions to moral1 social1 & political philosophy1 :ile ,col]idge oppos$ _! utilit>ian & mat]iali/ic t5d5cies1 & codifi$ ! pr9ciples ( criticism f a romantic po9t ( view4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,g>d9]#bg1 ,gre51 ,walk]1 or ,*5ey4 ,= ! social side1 see ,traill1 ,v41 ,,vi41 & ,*5ey's ,indu/rial & ,social ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,vols4 ,,xi41 ,,xii4 ,c\r?ope's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,elton's ,a ,survey ( ,engli% ,lit]ature f #aghj-ahcj1 #b vols4 ,h]=d's ,! ,age ( ,wordswor?4 ,br&es's ,naturalism 9 ,engl& 7,vol4 ,,iv4 ( ,ma9 ,curr5ts 9 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,lit]ature47 ,! ,revolution 9 ,engli% ,poetry & ,fiction 7,*ap4 ,,xxii4 ( ,vol4 ,x4 ( ,cambridge ,mod]n ,hi/ory47 ,hancock's ,! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,engli% ,poets4 ,scudd]'s ,life ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,mod]n ,engli% ,poets4 ,symons's ,! ,romantic ,movem5t 9 ,engli% ,poetry4 ,reynolds's ,! ,treatm5t ( ,nature 9 ,engli% ,poetry betwe5 ,pope & ,wordswor?4 ,mackie's ,nature ,k 9 ,mod]n ,poetry4 ,brookes's ,/udies 9 ,poetry 7,blake1 ,scott1 ,%elley1 ,keats74 ,symons's ,william ,blake4 ,payne's ,! ,great] ,engli% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 7,keats1 ,%elley1 ,byron1 ,col]idge1 ,wordswor?74 ,/eph5's ,h\rs 9 a ,libr>y1 #c vols4 7,scott1 ,de ,qu9cey1 ,c[p]1 ,wordswor?1 ,%elley1 ,col]idge74 ,d[d5's ,/udies 9 ,lit]ature1 #ahgi-ahgg4 ,bradley's ,ox=d ,lectures on ,poetry 7,wordswor?1 ,%elley1 ,keats74 ,l[ell's ,among my ,books1 ,second ,s]ies 7,wordswor?1 ,keats74 ,a+]'s ,life ( ,lamb4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,lucas's ,life ( ,*>les ,lamb4 ,goldw9 ,smi?'s ,life ( ,c[p]4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,wright's ,life ( ,c[p]4 ,%airp's ,rob]t ,burns4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,c>lyle's ,essay on ,burns4 ,lockh>t's ,life ( ,scott41 ,hutton's ,life ( ,scott4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,yonge's ,life ( ,scott4 7,g4,w47 ,goldw9 ,smi?'s ,life ( ,jane ,au/54 7,g4,w47 ,helm's ,jane ,au/5 & h] ,c\ntry ,h\se ,com$y4 ,mitton's ,jane ,au/5 & h] ,times4 ,adams's ,! ,/ory ( ,jane ,au/5's ,life4 ,knight's ,life ( ,wordswor?1 #c vols41 ,my]s's ,life ( ,wordswor? 7,e4,m4,l471 ,raleigh's ,wordswor?4 ,rob]tson's ,wordswor? & ! ,engli% ,lake ,c\ntry4 ,traill's ,life ( ,col]idge 7,e4,m4,l471 ,ca9e's ,life ( ,col]idge 7,g4,w471 ,g>nett's ,col]idge4 ,snea?'s ,wordswor?1 ,poet ( ,nature & ,poet ( ,man4 ,mayne's ,! ,new ,life ( ,byron1 #b vols1 ,ni*ol's ,life ( ,byron 7,e4,m4,l471 ,noel's ,life ( ,byron4 7,g4,w47 ,trelawney's ,recollections ( ! ,la/ ,days ( ,%elley & ,byron4 ,d[d5's ,life ( ,%elley1 #b vols41 ,symonds's ,life ( ,%elley 7,e4,m4,l471 ,%>p's ,life ( ,%elley 7,g4,w474 ,francis ,?ompson's ,%elley4 ,clutton-,brock's ,%elley3 ,! ,man & ! ,poet4 ,hogg's ,life ( ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley7contempor>y74 ,angeli's ,%elley & 8 ,fri5ds 9 ,italy4 ,colv9's ,life ( ,keats 7,e4,m4,l471 ,rossetti's ,life ( ,keats 7,g4,w471 ,hancock's ,john ,keats4 ,mill]'s ,leigh ,hunt's ,relations ) ,byron1 ,%elley1 & ,keats4 ,arnold's ,essays 9 ,criticism1 ,second ,s]ies 7,keats74 ,h4 ,buxton ,=man's ,complete ,works ( ,john ,keats 7includes ! ,lett]s1 ! be/ edition74 ,masson's ,life ( ,de ,qu9cey4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,m9to's ,manual ( ,engli% ,prose ,lit]ature 7,de ,qu9cey74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,blake4--,"s ( 8 be/ poems are giv5 9 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #fja-fjh2 ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #che-djc2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cja-cjd2 ,ox=d1 #eeh-eff2 ,c5tury1 #dhe-dhi1 & 9 ! volume 9 ,! ,cant]bury ,poets4 ,po9t out 9 ,blake's v]se 7a7 ! new feel+ = nature1 7b7 evid5ces ( wide sympa?ies1 7c7 my/ical t5d5cies1 & 7d7 comp>e 8 v]ses relat+ to *ildr5 & nature ) ,wordswor?'s poems on ! same subjects4 ,c[p]4--,read ! op5+ /anzas ( ,c[p]'s ,conv]sation & note ! /rong influ5ce ( ,pope 9 ! clev]ly turn$ b artificial c\plets4 ,comp>e ?is poem ) ! "o ,on ! ,receipt ( my ,"m's ,picture or ) ,! ,task1 ,book ,,iv41 l9es #a-da & #bfg-ccb1 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 ,cant]bury ,poets1 or ,temple ,classics & po9t out ! m>k$ diff]5ces 9 subject matt] & /yle4 ,:at =w>d movem5t 9 lit]ature is indicat$ by ! *ange 9 ,c[p]'s mann]8 ,john ,gilp9 %\ld be read = its fre%1 beguil+ humor4 ,= selections1 see ,bronson1#bh ,,iii41 #caj-cbi2 ,w>d1 ,,iii41 #dbb-dhe2 ,c5tury1 #dgj-dgi2 ,manly1 ,i41 #bhe-bid4 ,burns4--,read ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night1 ,= a' ,t & a' ,t1 ,to a ,m\se1 ,highl& ,m>y1 ,to ,m>y 9 ,heav51 ,f>ewell to ,nancy1 ,i ,love ,my ,jean1 ,a ,r$1 ,r$ ,rose4 ,! tea*] %\ld read to ! class p>ts ( ,tam o' ,%ant]4 ,! ,globe edition conta9s ! complete poems ( ,burns ) ,gloss>y4 ,inexp5sive editions may be f\nd 9 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 & ,cant]bury ,poets4 ,= selections1 see ,bronson1 ,,iii41 #cch-che2 ,w>d4 ,,iii41 #eab-ega2 ,c5tury1 #dij-ejb2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cji-cbf2 ,ox=d1 #dib-ejf4 ,9 :at ways d ! fir/ ?ree poems m5tion$ above %[ ,burns's sympa?y ) democracy8 ,quote "s ( ,burns's f9e descriptions ( nature & describe ! mann] 9 :i* he treats nature4 ,h[ does he rank z a writ] ( love songs8 ,:at qualities 9 8 poems h t\*$ s _m he>ts8 ,comp>e 8 poetry ) t ( ,dryd51 ,pope1 & ,%akespe>e4 ,scott4--,read ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,canto ,,iii41 /anzas iii4-xxv41 or ,m>mion1 ,canto ,,vi41 /anzas xiii4-xxvii4 7,am]ican ,book ,company's ,eclectic ,engli% ,classics1 ,cassell's ,national ,libr>y1 or ,ev]yman's ,libr>y47 ,read 9 ,craik1 ,v41 ,! ,gypsy's ,curse 7,guy ,mann]+71 pp4 #ad-ag1 ,! ,dea? ( ,madge ,wildfire 7,he>t ( ,middlo?ian71 pp4 #cj-ce1 & ,! ,gr& ,ma/] ( ! ,templ>s 7,ivanhoe71 pp4 #cg-db4 ,! /ud5t %\ld put on 8 li/ = read+ at 8 leisure3 ,guy ,mann]+1 ,old ,mortality1 ,ivanhoe1 ,k5ilwor?1 & ,! ,talisman4 ,9 :at k9d ( poetry does ,scott excel8 ,quote "s ( 8 spirit$ h]oes1 & po9t out _! *ief excell5ces4 ,h[ does 8 poetry diff] f t ( ,burns8 ,9 ! hi/ory ( fiction1 does ,scott rank z an imitator or a creator8 ,z a writ] ( fiction1 9 :at d 8 /r5g? & 8 weakness consi/8 ,has he ^? qualities t w cause him to be popul> a c5tury h5ce8 ,:at c be said ( 8 /yle8 ,jane ,au/54--,9 ,craik1 ,v41 or ,manly4 ,,ii1 read ! selections f ,pride & ,prejudice4 ,! /ud5t at 8 leisure %\ld read all ?is novel4 ,:at _w does %e describe 9 h] fiction8 ,:at are h] *ief qualities8 ,h[ does %e diff] f ,scott8 ,:y is %e call$ a reali/8 ,wordswor?4--,read ,i ,w&]$ ,lonely z a ,cl\d1 ,! ,solit>y ,reap]1 ,to ! ,cuckoo1 ,l9es ,writt5 9 ,e>ly ,spr+1 ,?ree ,ye>s ,%e ,grew 9 ,sun & ,%[]1 ,to my ,si/]1 ,%e ,dwelt among ! ,untrodd5 ,ways1 ,%e ,0 a ,phantom ( ,delight1 ,alice ,fell1 ,lucy ,gray1 ,we ,are ,sev51 ,intimations ( ,immortality f ,recollection ( ,e>ly ,*ildhood1 ,ode to ,duty1 ,h>t-,leap ,well1 ,l9es ,compos$ a ,few ,miles above ,t9t]n ,abbey1 ,mi*ael & ! sonnets3 ,x is a beaute\s ev5+1 calm & free1 ,milton1 ?\ %\ld/ be liv+ at ?is h\r1 & ,! _w is too mu* ) u1 late & soon4 ,"s /ud5ts w also wi% to read ,! ,prelude 7,temple ,classics or ,a4,j4 ,george's edition71 :i* describes ! gr[? ( ,wordswor?'s m9d4 ,all ! above poems 7except+ ,! ,prelude7 may be f\nd 9 ! volume ,poems ( ,wordswor?1 *os5 & edit$ by ,mat!w ,arnold 7,gold5 ,treasury ,s]ies1 #cca pp41 #a74 ,ne>ly all may also be f\nd 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 7#ibc pp41 #b74 ,= selections1 see ,bronson1 ,,iv41 #a-ed2 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #a-hh2 ,ox=d #eid-fah2 ,c5tury1 #ejc-eda2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cbi-cde4 ,ref] to ,wordswor?'s ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics 7pp4 #cic-cif7 & select ! poems t mo/ emphatically %[ 8 special qualities4 ,:i* ( ! above poems seems easie/ to write8 ,9 :i* is 8 g5ius mo/ app>5t8 ,:i* be/ pres5ts 8 view ( nature8 ,:i* be/ /& ! te/ ( an indef9ite numb] ( read+s8 ,9 :at d 8 poems ( *ildhood excel8 ,col]idge4--,read ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ,*ri/abel1 ,kubla ,khan1 ,hymn be=e ,sunrise 9 ! ,vale ( ,*am\ni1 ,y\? & ,age2 ,bronson1 ,i41 #ed-ic2 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #ajb-aed2 ,page1 #ff-ajc2 ,c5tury1 #eec-efe2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cec-cfd2 ,ox=d1 #fbh-fef4 ,h[ d ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] & ,*ri/abel manife/ ! _s ( ,romanticism8 ,:at are ! *ief reasons = ! popul>ity ( ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]8 ,w\ld y call ?is poem didactic8 ,select /anzas specially rem>kable = melody1 = beauty1 = tell+ mu* 9 few words1 = images ( nature1 = convey+ an e?ical lesson4 ,:at feel+ almo/ unkn[n 9 e>ly poetry is common 9 ,col]idge's ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ,wordswor?'s ,h>t-,leap ,well1 ,burns's ,to a ,m\se1 ,on ,see+ a ,w\nd$ ,h>e ,limp by ,me1 ,a ,w9t] ,night1 & ,c[p]'s ,on a ,goldf9* ,/>v$ to ,dea? 9 8 ,cage8 ,! advanc$ /ud5t %\ld read "s ( ,col]idge's prose criticism 9 8 ,biographia ,lit]>ia 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y74 ,! p>ts be/ wor? read+ h be5 select$ 9 ,george's ,col]idge's ,pr9ciples ( ,criticism 7#bbf pp41 #fj c5ts7 & 9 ,be]s's ,selections = ! ,prose ,writ+s ( ,col]idge 7includ+ criticisms ( ,wordswor? & ,%akespe>e1 #adf pp41 #ej c5ts74 ,note h[ fully ,col]idge unfolds 9 ^! essays ! pr9ciples ( romantic criticism1 :i* h n be5 sup]s$$4 ,byron4--,read ,! ,prison] ( ,*illon 7,selections f ,byron1 ,eclectic ,engli% ,classics71 ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,canto ,,iii41 /anzas xxi-xxv4 & cxiii41 ,canto ,,iv41 /anzas lxxviii41 & lxxix4 ,oh1 ,snat*'d away 9 ,beauty's ,bloom1 ,!re's n a joy ! _w c give l t x takes away1 & f ,don ,juan1 ,canto ,,iii41 ! song ins]t$ betwe5 /anzas lxxxvi4 & lxxxvii4 ,all ^! poems w be f\nd 9 ! two volumes ( ,byron's works 9 ! ,cant]bury ,poets' s]ies4 ,selections are giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 #abe-agd2 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #bdd-cjc2 ,page1 #agj-bgb2 ,ox=d1 #fhh-fid2 ,c5tury1 #ehf-fac2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cgh-cic4 ,f ! /anzas indicat$ 9 ,*ilde ,h>old1 select1 fir/1 ! passages :i* be/ illu/rate ! _s ( revolt1 &1 second1 ! passages ( mo/ poetic beauty4 ,:at natural ph5om5a appeal mo/ to ,byron8 ,:at qualities make ,! ,prison] ( ,*illon a favorite8 ,:y is 8 poetry (t5 call$ rhetorical8 ,%elley4--,read ,adonais1 ,to a ,skyl>k1 ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d1 ,to ,night1 ,! ,cl\d1 ,! ,s5sitive ,plant1 & selections f ,ala/or & ,prome!us ,unb\nd4 ,%elley's ,poetical ,works1 edit$ by ,edw>d ,d[d5 7,globe ,poets71 conta9s all ( ,%elley's extant poetry4 ,less exp5sive editions are 9 ,cant]bury ,poets1 ,temple ,classics1 & ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,selections are giv5 9 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 #ahb-bbg2 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #cdh-daf2 ,page1 #bge-cfi2 ,ox=d1 #fig-gag2 ,c5tury1 #fad-fch2 ,manly1 ,i41 #cid-daa4 ,"u :at diff]5t aspects d ,adonais & ,lycidas view ! life aft] dea?8 ,has ,%elley modifi$ ,wordswor?'s view ( ! spiritual =ce 9 nature8 ,does ,%elley use ei!r ! cl\d or ! skyl>k = ! direct purpose ( express+ 8 own feel+s8 ,:y is he sometimes call$ a metaphysical poet8 ,:at is ! mo/ /rik+ quality ( ,%elley's poetic gift8 ,keats4--,read ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 ,ode to a ,night+ale1 ,ode on a ,grecian ,urn1 ,to ,autumn1 ,hyp]ion 7fir/ #acd l9es71 ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci1 ,isabella1 & ! sonnets3 ,on ,fir/ ,look+ into ,*apman's ,hom]1 ,on ! ,gras%opp] & ,cricket1 ,:5 ,i h ,fe>s t ,i ,may ,cease to ,be1 ,bright ,/>6 ,w\ld ,i ,7 ,/eadfa/ z ,?\ ,art4 ,! be/ edition ( ! works ( ,keats is t by ,buxton ,=man4 ,! ,cant]bury ,poets & ,ev]yman's ,libr>y h less exp5sive editions4 ,all ! poems indicat$ above may be f\nd 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,= selections1 see ,bronson1 ,,iv41 #bcj-bfe2 ,w>d1 ,,iv41 #dbg-dfd2 ,ox=d1 #gba-gdd2 ,c5tury1 #fci-fee2 ,manly1 ,i41 #dac-dbe4 ,by direct ref]5ce to ! above poems1 ju/ify call+ ,keats ! apo/le ( ! beautiful1 9 bo? ?\ght & language4 ,give examples ( 8 felicit\s use ( words & phrases4 ,%[ by illu/rations 8 ma/]y 9 ! use ( ! concrete4 ,to :at special s5ses d 8 images appeal8 ,0 he at all affect$ by ! new human movem5t8 ,:y does ,arnold say1 ,keats is ) ,%akespe>e8 ,9 :at respects is he l ! ,elizabe?ans8 ,de ,qu9cey4--,read ,levana & ,our ,ladies ( ,sorr[ 7,craik1 ,v41 #bfd-bgj74 ,! fir/ *apt]s ( ,! ,confessions ( an ,engli% ,opium-,eat] 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y2 ,temple ,classics2 ,c5tury1 #fhc-fij2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #ceg-cff7 are ent]ta9+ & w repay read+4 ,does 8 prose %[ any influ5ce ( a romantic & poetic age8 ,comp>e 8 /yle ) t ( ,addison1 ,gibbon1 & ,burke4 ,9 :at respects does ,de ,qu9cey succe$1 & 9 :at does he fail1 z a model = a "y writ]8 ,lamb4--,f ! ,essays ( ,elia 7,cassell's ,national ,libr>y2 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 ,temple ,classics7 read any two ( ^! essays3 ,a ,diss]tation ^u ,roa/ ,pig1 ,old ,*9a1 ,dream ,*ildr51 ,new ,ye>'s ,eve1 ,poor ,relations4 ,= selections1 see ,craik1 ,v41 #aaf-abf2 ,c5tury1 #ege-egh2 ,manly1 ,,ii41 #ccg-cde4 ,9 :at does ,lamb's *ief *>m consi/8 ,po9t out resemblances & diff]5ces betwe5 8 ,essays & ,addison's4 ,l&or1 ,hazlitt1 & ,hunt4--,good selections are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,v42 ,*amb]s1 ,,iii42 ,manly1 ,,ii4 ,inexp5sive editions ( ,l&or's ,imag9>y ,conv]sations & ,p]icles & ,aspasia may be f\nd 9 ! ,camelot ,s]ies4 ,hazlitt's ,*>act]s ( ,%akespe>e's ,plays1 ,lectures on ! ,engli% ,poets1 ,lectures on ! ,engli% ,comic ,writ]s1 & ,table ,talk are publi%$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,! ,camelot ,s]ies & ! ,temple ,classics also conta9 "s ( ,hazlitt's works4 ,a selection f ,leigh ,hunt's ,essays is publi%$ 9 ! ,camelot ,s]ies4 ,:at are ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ,l&or's /yle8 ,select a passage :i* ju/ifies ! criticism3 ,he writes 9 m>ble4 ,give "s /rik+ ?\ghts f 8 ,imag9>y ,conv]sations4 ,comp>e 8 /yle & subject matt] ) ,hazlitt's4 ,%[ t ,hazlitt has ! p[] ( pres5t+ 9 an impressive way ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( au?ors4 ,select "s pleas+ passages f ,leigh ,hunt's ,essays4 ,comp>e him ) ,addison & ,lamb4 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,viii3 ,footnote #a3 ,prelude1 ,book ,,xi4 ,footnote #b3 gold4 ,footnote #c3 ,= a' ,t & a' ,t4 ,footnote #d3 ,song at ! ,fea/ ( ,br\gham ,ca/le4 ,footnote #e3 ,h>t-,leap ,well4 ,footnote #f3 ,intimations ( ,immortality4 ,footnote #g3 ,wordswor?'s ,l9es ,compos$ a ,few ,miles above ,t9t]n ,abbey4 ,footnote #h3 ,retirem5t4 ,footnote #i3 ,conv]sation4 ,footnote #aj3 ,i ,love ,my ,jean4 ,footnote #aa3 rem$y4 ,footnote #ab3 ,epi/le to ,john ,lapraik4 ,footnote #ac3 ,! ,vision4 ,footnote #ad3 ,sonnet3 ,! _w is too mu* ) u4 ,footnote #ae3 ,h>t ,leap ,well4 ,footnote #af3 ,a ,day-,dream4 ,footnote #ag3 ,biographia ,lit]>ia1 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,footnote #ah3 ,ibid41 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,footnote #ai3 ,manfr$1 ,act ,i4 ,footnote #bj3 ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 ,canto ,,iii4 ,footnote #ba3 ,! ,dream4 ,footnote #bb3 ,adonais1 ,/anza xlix ,footnote #bc3 ,epipsy*idion4 ,footnote #bd3 ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d4 ,footnote #be3 ,= a discussion ( ! diff]5t s5sory images ( ! poets1 see ! au?or's ,education ( ! ,c5tral ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 pages #aji-bjh4 ,footnote #bf3 ,sleep & ,poetry4 ,footnote #bg3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #ej4 ,footnote #bh3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,ix3 ,,! ,,victorian ,,age1 #ahcg-aijj ,hi/ory ( ! ,p]iod4--,9 ! two p]iods ( ,engli% hi/ory mo/ rem>kable = _! accompli%m5t1 ! ,elizabe?an & ! ,victorian1 ! ?rone 0 occupi$ by wom54 ,que5 ,victoria1 ! gr&daught] ( ,george ,,iii41 rul$ f #ahcg to ! beg9n+ ( #aija4 ,h] long reign ( sixty-?ree ye>s may be said to close ) ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,= ne>ly fifty ye>s aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo 7#ahae71 ,engl& _h no w> ( magnitude4 ,9 #ahed %e jo9$ ,france 9 a w> aga9/ ,russia to keep h] f tak+ ,con/ant9ople4 ,t5nyson's well-kn[n poem1 ,! ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade1 commemorates an incid5t 9 ?is bloody conte/1 :i* 0 successful 9 prev5t+ ,russia f dismemb]+ ,turkey4 ,:5 ! ,turks massacr$ ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,bulg>ia 9 #ahgf1 ,russia f\ght & conqu]$ ,turkey4 ,engl& aga9 int]v5$1 ?is "t aft] ! w>1 9 ! ,b]l9 ,congress 7#ahgh74 ,9 return = h] diplomatic s]vices & = a gu>anty to ma9ta9 ! integrity ( c]ta9 ,turki% t]ritory1 ,engl& receiv$ f ,turkey ! isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,z a result ( ?is ,congress1 ! pr9cipalities ( ,r\mania1 ,s]via1 & ,bulg>ia 7 =m$1 b ! ,turk 0 all[$ to rema9 9 ,europe4 ,a lat] ,engli% prime m9i/]1 ,"l ,salisbury 7#ahcj-aijc71 ref]r+ to ,engl&'s esp\sal ( ! ,turki% cause1 said t %e _h back$ ! wrong horse4 ,! bloody w> ( #aiab-aiac betwe5 ,turkey & ! alli$ armies ( ,bulg>ia1 ,s]via1 ,mont5egro1 & ,greece 0 ! result ( ?is mi/ake4 ,an important "p ( ,engl&'s hi/ory dur+ ?is p]iod c5t]s ar\nd ! expansion1 protection1 & developm5t ( h] colonies 9 ,asia1 ,au/ralia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica4 ,engl& 0 !n con/antly agitat$ by ! fe> t ,russia might gr[ /rong en\gh to seize ,india or "s o!r ,engli% colonial possessions4 ,a s]i\s rebellion 9 ,india 7#aheg7 l$ ,engl& to take f ! ,ea/ ,india ,company ! gov]nm5t ( t colony4 ,empress ( ,india 0 lat] 7#ahgf7 add$ to ! titles ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,_h ,india n be5 an ,engli% colony1 lit]ature might n h _h ,kipl+'s fasc9at+ ,jungle ,books & ,h9du /ories4 ,engl&'s protectorate ov] ,egypt 7#ahhb7 0 assum$ 9 ord] to /r5g!n h] control ov] ! newly complet$ ,suez ,canal 7#ahfi71 :i* 0 ne$$ = h] communication ) ,india & h] ,au/ralian colonies4 ,! ,bo] w> 9 ,s\? ,africa 7#ahii-aijb7requir$ ! l>ge/ numb] ( troops t ,engl& ev] mu/]$ into s]vice 9 any ( h] w>s4 ,! f9al outcome ( ?is desp]ate /ruggle 0 ! fur!r ext5sion ( h] ,s\? ,african possessions4 ,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,engl&'s mo/ notable political a*ievem5t 0 h] successful rule ov] colonies1 rang+ f ,india1 ) its #bhj1jjj1jjj subjects1 to ,fann+ ,isl& ) its population ( ?irty4 ,h] tactful guidance 0 = ! mu/ "p direct$ t[>d enabl+ !m to develop & to gov]n !mselves4 ,%e _h le>n$ a valuable lesson f ! ,am]ican revolution4 ,irel&1 h[ev]1 fail$ to secure h] %>e ( ! b5efits t usually result$ f ,engli% rule4 ,%e 0 nei!r reg>d$ z a colony1 l ,au/ralia1 nor z an integral "p ( ,engl&4 ,= ! great] "p ( ! c5tury h] condition 0 deplorable4 ,! great prime m9i/]1 ,william ,e4 ,glad/one 7#ahji-ahih71 tri$ to secure ne$$ home rule = h]1 b did n succe$4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! c5tury1 m lib]al laws reg>d+ ! t5ure ( ! l& & m self-gov]nm5t af=d$ "s relief f unju/ conditions4 ,dur+ ! ,victorian age ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& became m democratic4 ,two re=m bills 7#ahfg & #ahhd7 gave almo/ unre/rict$ suffrage to m54 ,! ext5sion ( ! fran*ise & ! grant+ ( local self-gov]nm5t to h] c\nties 7#ahhh7 made ,engl& "o ( ! mo/ democratic ( all nations4 ,h] mon>* has less p[] ?an ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,victorian age saw ! rise ( trades unions & ! pass+ ( _m laws to improve ! condition ( ! work+ classes4 ,z ! t>iff protect+ ! home gr[] ( :eat _h rais$ ! price ( bread & caus$ mu* suff]+ to ! poor1 ,engl& n only repeal$ ?is duty 7#ahdf7 b also became practically a free-trade c\ntry4 ,! age won laurels 9 provid+ m educational facilities = all1 9 abridg+ class privileges1 & 9 %[+ increas+ recognition ( human rights1 )\t a bloody revolution su* z took place 9 ,france4 ,a r\gh indication ( ! am\nt ( social & moral progress is ! decrease 9 ! numb] ( convicts 9 ,engl&1 f ab\t #ej1jjj at ! accession ( ,victoria to less ?an #fjjj at h] dea?4 ,an ,age ( ,sci5ce & ,inv5tion4--,9 ! ext5t & ! v>iety ( inv5tions1 9 _! rapid improvem5t & utilization = human ne$s1 & 9 g5]al sci5tific progress1 ! sixty-?ree ye>s ( ! ,victorian age surpass$ all ! re/ ( hi/oric "t4 ,:5 ,victoria asc5d$ ! ?rone1 ! /age coa* 0 ! common means ( travel+2 only two %ort pieces ( railroad _h be5 con/ruct$2 ! electric telegraph _h n be5 develop$2 few /eam%ips _h cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,! mod]n use ( ! telephone w\ld !n h seem$ z improbable z ! wilde/ ,arabian ,nights' tale4 ,be=e h] reign end$1 ! railroad1 ! telegraph1 ! /eam%ip1 & ! telephone _h wr\ght an almo/ magical *ange 9 travel & 9 communication4 ,! ,victorian age introduc$ anae/hetics & antiseptic surg]y1 develop$ photography1 ! sci5ces ( *emi/ry & physics1 ( biology & zology1 ( botany & geology4 ,! en?usia/ic sci5tific work] appe>$ 9 e field1 endeavor+ to und]/& ! laws ( nature & to apply !m 9 ! s]vice ( man4 ,sci5ce also turn$ its att5tion to human progress & welf>e4 ,! new sci5ce ( sociology _h e>ne/ /ud5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,d>w94 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,sci5ce on ,lit]ature4--,! ,victorian age 0 ! fir/ to set =? cle>ly ! evolution hypo!sis1 :i* tea*es ! ord]ly developm5t f simple to complex =ms4 ,:ile ! idea ( evolution _h sugge/$ itself to _m naturali/s1 ,*>les ,d>w9 7#ahji-ahhb7 0 ! fir/ to ga9 a wide he>+ = ! !ory4 ,aft] ye>s ( c>eful /udy ( nature1 he publi%$ 9 #ahei ,! ,orig9 ( ,species by ,natural ,selection1 an epo*-mak+ "w1 :i* _h a f>-rea*+ effect on ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,! influ5ce ( 8 doctr9e ( evolution is especially app>5t 9 ,t5nyson's poetry1 9 ,george ,eliot's fiction1 9 religi\s ?\ght1 & 9 ! *ange 9 view+ social problems4 ,9 8 ,syn!tic ,philosophy1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 7#ahbj-aijc71 philosoph] & metaphysician1 appli$ ! doctr9e ( evolution n only to plants & animals b also to society1 morality1 & religion4 ,two em95t sci5ti/s1 ,john ,tyndall 7#ahbj-ahic7 & ,?omas ,huxley 7#ahbe-ahie71 did mu* to popul>ize sci5ce & to cause ! age to seek a broad] education4 ,tyndall's ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce 7#ahga7 conta9s a f9e lecture on ! ,sci5tific ,use ( ! ,imag9ation1 9 :i* he becomes almo/ poetic 9 8 imag9ative conception ( evolution3-- ,n alone ! m ignoble =ms ( animalcul> or animal life1 n alone ! nobl] =ms ( ! horse & lion1 n alone ! exquisite & wond]ful me*anism ( ! human body1 b ! human m9d itself1--emotion1 intellect1 w1 & all _! ph5om5a1--7 once lat5t 9 a fi]y cl\d444 ,all our philosophy1 all our poetry1 all our sci5ce1 & all our art1--,plato1 ,%akespe>e1 ,newton1 & ,raphael1--are pot5tial 9 ! fires ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,tyndall4 ,unlike ,keats 9 8 ,lamia1 ,tyndall is firm 9 8 belief t sci5ce w n clip ! w+s ( imag9ation4 ,9 ! same lecture he says3-- ,h[ are we to lay hold ( ! physical basis ( light1 s9ce1 l t ( life itself1 x lies entirely )\t ! doma9 ( ! s5ses8 ,we are gift$ ) ! p[] ( imag9ation & by ?is p[] we c light5 ! d>kness :i* surr\nds ! _w ( ! s5ses444 ,b\nd$ & condition$ by cop]ant reason1 imag9ation becomes ! mightie/ in/rum5t ( ! physical discov]]4 ,newton's passage f a fall+ apple to a fall+ moon 0 at ! outset a leap ( ! imag9ation4 ,huxley 0 ev5 a m brilliant int]pret] ( sci5ce to popul> audi5ces4 ,8 s-call$ ,lay ,s]mons 7#ahgj7 are invigorat+ pres5tations ( sci5tific & educational subjects4 ,he awak5$ _m to a s5se ( ! importance ( kn[+ ! laws ( ! physical _w & ! relations ( cause & effect !re94 ,n[h]e is he m impressive ?an :]e he =ces u to admit t we mu/ all play ! *ess game ( life aga9/ an oppon5t t nev] makes an error & nev] fails to c\nt our mi/akes aga9/ u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,huxley4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,colli]1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,! *ess-bo>d is ! _w1 ! pieces are ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 ! rules ( ! game are :at we call ! laws ( ,nature4 ,! play] on ! o!r side is hidd5 f u4 ,we "k t 8 play is always fair1 j1 & pati5t4 ,b we also "k1 to our co/1 t he nev] ov]looks a mi/ake1 or makes ! smalle/ all[ance = ignorance4 ,to ! man :o plays well1 ! highe/ /akes are paid1 ) t sort ( ov]fl[+ g5]osity ) :i* ! /rong man %[s delight 9 /r5g?4 ,& "o :o plays ill is *eckmat$--)\t ha/e1 b )\t remorse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,well1 :at ,i mean by ,education is le>n+ ! rules ( ?is mighty game4 ,9 o!r words1 education is ! in/ruction ( ! intellect 9 ! laws ( ,nature1 "u :i* "n ,i include n m]ely ?+s & _! =ces1 b m5 & _! ways2 & ! fa%ion+ ( ! affections & ( ! w into an e>ne/ & lov+ desire to move 9 h>mony ) ^? laws4#a ,we f9d ! influ5ce ( sci5ce manife/ 9 mu* ( ! g5]al lit]ature ( ! age1 z well z 9 ! special writ+s ( ! sci5ti/s4 ,sci5ce introduc$ to lit]ature a new int]e/ 9 humanity & impress$ on writ]s :at is kn[n z ! gr[? idea4 ,prec$+ lit]ature1 ) ! conspicu\s exception ( ,%akespe>e's "w1 _h = ! mo/ "p pres5t$ individuals ^: "* 0 already fix$4 ,?is age lov$ to %[ ! gr[? ( s\ls4 ,george ,eliot's novels are frequ5tly ,d>w9ian demon/rations ( ! v>i\s /eps 9 ! moral gr[? or ! p]v]sion ( ! individual4 ,9 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra1 ,br[n+ ?us expresses ?is new idea ( ! work+ ( ! ,div9e ,p[]3-- ,he fix$ !e mid ?is dance ,( pla/ic circum/ance4 ,! ,tr5d ( ,prose2 ,m9or ,prose ,writ]s4--,! prose ( ?is age is rem>kable = am\nt & v>iety4 ,9 addition to ! "w ( ! sci5ti/s1 !re are ! essays & hi/ories ( ,macaulay & ,c>lyle1 ! essays & v>i$ prose ( ,newman1 ! art & social philosophy ( ,rusk91 ! critical essays ( ,mat!w ,arnold & ,sw9burne4 ,"o essayi/1 ,walt] ,pat] 7#ahci-ahid71 an ,ox=d graduate & tea*]1 :o kept himself alo( f contempor>y ?\ght1 produc$ almo/ a new type ( s]i\s prose1 di/+ui%$ = color1 ornam5tation1 melody1 & poetic ?\ght4 ,ev5 su* prosaic objects z wood & brick 7 to 8 retrospective gaze half m]e s\l-/uff1 float$ ?i!r f :o kn[s :]e4 ,8 object 0 to *>m 8 read]1 to haunt him ) vague sugge/ions r ?an to make a logical appeal to him1 or to add to 8 _w ( vivid fact1 aft] ! mann] ( ,macaulay4 ,a quotation f ,pat]'s mo/ brilliant essay1 ,leon>do ,da ,v9ci1 9 ! volume1 ,! ,r5aissance3 ,/udies 9 ,art & ,poetry#b 7#ahgc7 w %[ "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 prose4 ,?is description ( ,da ,v9ci's ma/]piece1 ! portrait ( ,mona ,lisa1 has add$ to ! _w-wide fame ( t picture-- ,h]s is ! head ^u :i* all '! ends ( ! _w are come1' & ! eyelids are a little we>y4 ,x is a beauty wr\ght out f )9 ^u ! fle%1 ! deposit1 little cell by cell1 ( /range ?\ghts & fanta/ic rev]ies & exquisite passions4 ,set x = a mom5t beside "o ( ^? :ite ,greek goddesses or beautiful wom5 ( antiquity1 & h[ w\ld !y be tr\bl$ by ?is beauty1 into :i* ! s\l ) its maladies has pass$6444 ,%e is old] ?an ! rocks among :i* %e sits2 l ! vampire1 %e has be5 dead _m times1 & le>n$ ! secrets ( ! grave2 & has be5 a div] 9 deep seas1 & keeps _! fall5 day ab\t h]2 & traffick$ = /range webs ) ,ea/]n m]*ants3 &1 z ,l$a1 0 ! "m ( ,hel5 ( ,troy1 &1 z ,sa9t ,anne1 ! "m ( ,m>y2 & all ?is has be5 to h] b z ! s\nd ( lyres & flutes1 & lives only 9 ! delicacy ) :i* x has mold$ ! *ang+ l9eam5ts1 & t+$ ! eyelids & ! h&s4 ,! p]iod f #aghj to #ahcg _h only two great writ]s ( fiction1--,scott & ,jane ,au/52 b ! ,victorian age saw ! novel ga9 ! asc5dancy t ! drama enjoy$ 9 ,elizabe?an times4 ,9 addition to ! *ief noveli/s1--,dick5s1 ,?ack]ay1 ,george ,eliot1 ,/ev5son1 ,?omas ,h>dy1 ,george ,m]$i?1 & ,kipl+1--!re 7 _m o!r writ]s :o produc$ "o or m excell5t works ( fiction4 ,9 ?is class are ! ,bront si/]s1 especially ,*>lotte ,bront 7#ahaf-ahee7 & ,emily ,bront 7#ahah-ahdh71 ! daught]s ( a cl]gyman1 :o liv$ 9 ,hawor?1 ,york%ire4 ,!y _h g5ius1 b !y 7 hamp]$ by pov]ty1 lack ( sympa?y1 & peculi> environm5t4 ,*>lotte ,bront's ,jane ,eyre 7#ahdg7 is a ?rill+ /ory1 :i* c5t]s ar\nd ! exp]i5ces ( "o ( ! great n9ete5?-c5tury h]o9es ( fiction4 ,?is virile novel1 an unusual comp\nd ( s5sational romance & ( int5se realism1 lives because ! highly gift$ au?or made x pulsate ) h] own life4 ,unlike ,jane ,eyre1 ,emily ,bront's p[]ful novel1 ,wu!r+ ,heights 7#ahdg7 is n pleasant read+4 ,?is romantic novel is really h] imag9ative int]pretation ( ! ,york%ire life t %e knew4 ,if %e _h humaniz$ ,wu!r+ ,heights1 x c\ld h be5 class$ among ! greate/ novels ( ! ,victorian age4 ,%e might h le>n$ ?is art1 _h %e n di$ at ! age ( ?irty4 ,/rong] ?an a man1 simpl] ?an a *ild1 h] nature /ood alone1 wrote ,*>lotte ,bront ( h] si/] ,emily4 ,among ! o!r au?ors :o des]ve m5tion = "o or m works ( fiction are3 ,bulw] ,lytton 7#ahjc-ahgc71 a v]satile writ] ^: be/-kn[n "w is ,! ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii2 ,elizabe? ,gaskell 7#ahaj-ahfe71 ^: ,cran=d 7#ahec7 is an inimitable picture ( mid-n9ete5? c5tury life 9 a small ,*e%ire village2 ,an?ony ,trollope 7#ahae-ahhb71 ^: ,b>*e/] ,t[]s is a reali/ic /udy ( life 9 a ca!dral t[n2 ,*>les ,k+sley 7#ahai-ahge71 :o /irs ! blood 9 ,we/w>d ,ho6 7#ahee71 a tale ( ,elizabe?an seam52 ,*>les ,reade 7#ahad-ahhd71 au?or ( ,! ,cloi/] & ! ,he>? 7#ahfa71 a c>eful & fasc9at+ /udy ( fifte5?-c5tury life2 ,r4,d4 ,blackmore 7#ahbe-aijj71 ^: ,lorna ,doone 7#ahfi7 is a ?rill+ ,nor? ,devon%ire /ory ( life & love 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ,j4,m4 ,b>rie 7#ahfj- 71 ^: ,! ,little ,m9i/] 7#ahia7 is a ri*ly human1 sympa!tic1 & humor\s /ory1 ! sc5e ( :i* is laid 9 ,kirriemuir1 a t[n ab\t sixty miles nor? ( ,ed9burgh4 ,8 ,s5tim5tal ,tommy 7#ahif71 al?\gh n s widely popul>1 is an unusually orig9al1 semi-autobiographical /ory ( imag9ative boyhood4 ,?is entire *apt] c\ld be fill$ ) m]ely ! titles ( ,victorian novels1 _m ( :i* possess "s di/9ctive m]it4 ,! *ang$ "* ( ! read+ public furni%$ "o reason = ! unprec$5t$ gr[? ( fiction4 ,! spread ( education ?r\gh public s*ools1 newspap]s1 *eap magaz9es1 & books caus$ a widespread habit ( read+1 :i* be=e ?is "t 0 n common among ! l>ge numb]s ( ! un$ucat$ & ! poor4 ,! masses1 h[ev]1 did n c>e = un9t]e/+ or ab/ruse works4 ,! majority ( books drawn f ! circulat+ libr>ies 7 novels4 ,! sci5tific _s ( ! age impell$ ! greate/ noveli/s to try to pa9t actual life z x impress$ !m4 ,dick5s *ose ! l[] classes 9 ,london2 ,?ack]ay1 ! clubs & fa%ionable _w2 ,george ,eliot1 ! c\ntry life ne> h] bir?place 9 ,w>wick%ire2 ,h>dy1 ! p ( 8 ,wessex2 ,m]$i?1 ! cosmopolitan life ( egoti/ical man2 ,kipl+1 ! life ( ,india bo? 9 jungle & camp1 z well z ! life ( ! great out] _w4 ,^! writ]s ( fiction all s\ght a reali/ic backgr\nd1 al?\gh "s ( !m did n hesitate to use romantic t\*es to height5 ! g5]al effect4 ,/ev5son 0 ! *ief writ] ( romances4 ,! ,tr5d ( ,poetry3 ,m9or ,poets4--,! ,victorian age 0 dom9at$ by two great poets1--,rob]t ,br[n+ & ,alfr$ ,t5nyson4 ,br[n+ %[$ ! influ5ce ( sci5ce 9 8 t5d5cy to analyze human motives & actions4 ,9 "o l9e ( ,fra ,lippo ,lippi1 he voices ! new poetic attitude t[>d ! _w3-- ,to f9d its mean+ is my meat & dr9k4 ,br[n+ advanc$ into new fields1 :ile ,t5nyson 0 m cont5t to make a beautiful poetic translation ( mu* ( ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,9 8 y\? he wrote3-- ,"h ab\t ! bea* ,i w&]'d1 n\ri%+ a y\? sublime ,) ! fairy tales ( sci5ce1 & ! long result ( ,"t4 ,f m]ely read+ ,t5nyson's v]se1 "o c\ld gauge q accurately ! tr5d ( ,victorian sci5tific ?\ght4 ,! poetry ( bo? ,br[n+ & ,t5nyson is s resonant ) fai? t !y h be5 call$ great religi\s tea*]s4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 ! poet ( imp]iali/ic ,engl&1 ( h] f>-flung battle l9e1 attributes h] dom9ion ov] palm & p9e to fai? 9 ! ,"l ,god ( ,ho/s4 ,9 ! m9or poets1 !re is (t5 a diff]5t /ra94 ,arnold is beset ) d\bt1 & he>s no cle> call1 su* z ,t5nyson voices 9 ,cross+ ! ,b>4 ,sw9burne1 see+ ! pessimi/ic side ( ! %ield ( evolution1 exclaims3-- ,?\ ha/ f$ "o rose ) du/ ( _m m54 ,ar?ur ,hugh ,cl\gh 7#ahai-ahfa71 ,ox=d tutor1 travel]1 & educational exam9]1 0 a poet :o /ruggl$ ) ! d\bt ( ! age4 ,he lov$-- ,to f+] idly "s old ,gordian knot1 ,unskill$ to sund]1 & too weak to cleave1 ,& ) mu* toil atta9 to half-believe4 ,8 v]se w\ld be =gott5 if x express$ only su* an unc]ta9 note2 b 8 greate/ poem ?us records 8 belief 9 ! value ( life's /ruggle & gives a h9t ( f9al victory3-- ,say n ! /ruggle naught availe?1 ,! labor & ! w\nds are va91 ,! enemy fa9ts n1 nor faile?1 ,& z ?+s h be5 !y rema94 ,if hopes 7 dupes1 fe>s may be li>s2 ,x maybe1 9 yon smoke conceal$1 ,y\r comrades *ase e'en n[ ! fli]s1 ,&1 b = y1 possess ! field4 ,al?\gh he paid too little att5tion to ! =m ( 8 v]se1 "s ( 8 poems h ! vitality ( an e>ne/1 ?\ghtful s9c]ity4 ,two poets1 ,w4 ,e4 ,h5ley 7#ahdi-aijc7 & ,rob]t ,bridges 7#ahdd- 71 al?\gh !y d n possess ,rob]t ,br[n+'s g5ius1 yet h mu* ( 8 capacity to inspire o!rs ) joy 9 ! m]e liv+4 ,h5ley1 a cripple & a great suff]]1 0 a poet1 critic1 & ,london editor4 ,8 message is ! joy ( life 3-- 444! blackbird s+s b a box-wood flute1 ,b ,i lose him be/ ( all ,= 8 song is all ( ! joy ( life4 ,8 v]se1 :i* is elem5tal1 full ( en?usiasm & beauty1 (t5 rem9ds u ( ! "w ( ! ?irte5?-c5tury lyri/s4 ,rob]t ,bridges1 an ,ox=d graduate1 physician1 critic1 & poet1 also _h = 8 cre$3 ,life & joy are "o4 ,8 univ]se1 l ,%elley's1 is an inc>nation ( ! _s ( love3-- ,love c tell1 & love alone1 ,:5ce ! million />s 7 /rewn1 ,:y ea* atom kn[s its own1 ,h[1 9 spite ( woe & dea?1 ,gay is life1 & sweet is brea?4 ,he wi%es = no happi] day ?an ! pres5t "o4 ,bridges has be5 call$ a classical poet because he (t5 selects ,greek & ,roman subjects = 8 v]se1 & because he writes ) a =mality1 purity1 & precision ( /yle4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 mo/ delightful 9 su* volumes z ,%ort] ,poems & ,new ,poems4#c :]e9 he describes 9 a simple1 artless mann] ,engli% rural sc5es & fireside joys4 ,9 #aiac he 0 appo9t$ poet laureate1 to succe$ ,alfr$ ,au/94 ,john ,davidson 7#aheg-aiji71 a ,scot* poet1 :o came to ,london & wre/l$ ) pov]ty1 produc$ mu* unev5 "w4 ,9 8 be/ v]se1 !re is (t5 a pleas+ comb9ation ( poetic beauty & vigor\s movem5t4 ,l9es l ^! f 8 ,ballad ( a ,nun h be5 mu* admir$3-- ,on _m a m\nta9's happy head ,dawn lightly laid h] rosy h&4 ,! adv5tur\s son took heav5 by /orm1 ,cl\ds scatt]$ l>gesses ( ra94 ,davidson lat] became an (f5sively %rill prea*] ( mat]ialism & lo/ 8 e>ly *>m4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( 8 poetry may be f\nd 9 ,fleet ,/reet ,ecologues4 ,francis ,?ompson 7#ahfj-aijg71 a ,ca?olic poet1 :o has be5 call$ a n9ete5?-c5tury ,cra%aw1 pass$ mu* ( 8 %ort life ( suff]+ 9 ,london1 :]e he 0 once r$uc$ to sell+ mat*es on a /reet corn]4 ,8 greate/ poem1 ,! ,h\nd ( ,heav5 7#ahic71 is an impassion$ lyrical r5d]+ ( ! passage 9 ! ,psalms beg9n+3 ,:i!r %all ,i g f ?y ,_s8 or :i!r %all ,i flee f ?y pres5ce8 ,:ile flee+ d[n ! long savannahs ( ! blue1 ! poet he>s a ,voice say3-- ,naught %elt]s !e1 :o wilt n %elt] ,me4 ,william ,watson 7#aheh- 71 a ,london poet1 look$ to ,milton1 ,wordswor?1 & ,arnold z 8 ma/]s4 ,"s ( ,watson's be/ v]se1 su* z ,wordswor?'s ,grave1 is writt5 9 praise ( dead poets4 ,8 e>ly volume ,epigrams 7#ahhd71 conta9+ "o hundr$ poems ( f\r l9es ea*1 %[s 8 p[] ( convey+ poetic ?\ght 9 brief space4 ,"o ( ^! poems is call$ ,%elley & ,h>riet ,we/brook3-- ,a /> look$ d[n f heav5 & lov$ a fl[]1 ,gr[n 9 e>?'s g>d5--lov$ x = an h\r3 ,let eyes t trace 8 orbit 9 ! sph]es ,refuse n1 to a ru9'd rosebud1 te>s4#d ,_m expect$ to see ,watson appo9t$ poet-laureate to succe$ ,t5nyson4 ,possibly m5tal tr\ble1 :i* _h tempor>ily affect$ him1 influ5c$ ! *oice2 = ,alfr$ ,au/9 7#ahce-aiac7 receiv$ ! laureate%ip 9 #ahif4 ,l ! ,pre-,raphaelites1 ,watson dislik$ ^? :om he call$ a phrase-torm5t+ fanta/ic *orus ( poets4 ,8 be/ v]se %[s dep? ( poetic ?\ght1 directness ( expression1 & a /rong s5se ( moral values4 ,! ,victorian age has provid$ poetry to suit almo/ all ta/es4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ ) ^? :o wre/l$ ) ! et]nal v]ities are su* poets & essayi/s z ,au/9 ,dobson 7#ahdj- 71 long a cl]k ( ! ,london ,bo>d ( ,trade1 & ,ar?ur ,symons 7#ahfe- 71 a poet & discrim9at+ prose critic4 ,au/9 ,dobson1 :o is fond ( eighte5?-c5tury subjects1 is at 8 be/ 9 graceful society v]se4 ,8 poems %[ ! t\* ( a highly skill$ metrical arti/ :o has be5 a c>eful /ud5t ( ,fr5* poetry4 ,8 ease ( expression1 fre%ness1 & humor *>m read]s ( 8 v]se )\t mak+ s]i\s dem&s on _! att5tion4 ,8 be/ poems are f\nd 9 ,vignettes 9 ,rhyme 7#ahgc71 ,at ! ,sign ( ! ,lyre 7#ahhe71 & ,collect$ ,poems 7#aiac74 ,9 *oice ( subject matt]1 ,ar?ur ,symons sometimes sugge/s ! ,cavali] poets4 ,he has (t5 squ&]$ 8 p[]s 9 act+ on 8 !ory t x is "o ( ! prov9ces ( v]se to record any mom5t>y mood1 irrespective ( its value4 ,8 deftness ( t\* & acute poetic s5sibility are evid5t 9 su* %ort poems z ,ra9 on ! ,d[n1 ,cr$o1 ,a ,r\ndel ( ,re/ & ,! ,la/ ,memory4#e ,illu/ration3 ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,f ! draw+ by himself1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,! ,pre-,raphaelite ,movem5t4--,9 #ahdh ?ree arti/s1 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti 7#ahbh-ahhb71 ,william ,holman-,hunt 7#ahbg-aiaj71 & ,john ,ev]ett ,millais 7#ahbi-ahif71 =m$ ! ,pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood4 ,o!rs soon jo9$ ! movem5t :i* 0 prim>ily arti/ic1 n lit]>y4 ,pa9t+ _h become imitative4 ,! upp]mo/ "q 9 ! arti/'s m9d 01 ,h[ w\ld ,raphael or "s o!r au?ority h pa9t$ ?is picture8 ,! new s*ool det]m9$ to pa9t ?+s f a direct /udy ( nature1 )\t a ?\ght ( ! way 9 :i* any "o else w\ld h pa9t$ !m4 ,!y decid$ to assume ! same indep5d5ce z ! ,pre-,raphaelite arti/s1 :o express$ _! individuality 9 _! own way4 ,keats 0 ! favorite au?or ( ! new s*ool4 ,! arti/s pa9t$ subjects sugge/$ by 8 poems1 & ,rossetti ?\ght him ! "o true heir ( ,%akespe>e4 ,:5 ! ,pre-,raphaelite pa9t+s 7 viol5tly attack$1 ,rusk9 exam9$ !m & decid$ t !y con=m$ to ! pr9ciples :i* he _h already laid d[n 9 ! fir/ two volumes ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s 7#ahdc1 #ahdf71 s he wrote ,pre-,raphaelitism 7#ahea7 z ! *ampion ( ! new s*ool4 ,x has be5 humor\sly said t "s ( ! pa9t]s ( ?is s*ool1 be=e beg9n+ a new picture1 took an oa? to pa9t ! tru?1 ! :ole tru?1 & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,! new movem5t 9 poetry foll[$ ?is revolt 9 art4 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 ! head ( ! lit]>y ,pre-,raphaelites1 ?\gh born 9 ,london1 0 ( ,italian p>5tage 9 :i* !re 0 a /ra9 ( ,engli% blood4 ,8 poem1 ,! ,bless$ ,damozel 7fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahej71 has _h ! greate/ influ5ce ( any ,pre-,raphaelite lit]>y production4 ,?is poem 0 sugge/$ by ,! ,rav5 7#ahde71 ! "w ( ! ,am]ican1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,rossetti said3-- ,i saw t ,poe _h done ! utmo/ x 0 possible to d ) ! grief ( ! lov] an e>?1 & ,i det]m9$ to rev]se ! conditions1 & give utt]ance to ! ye>n+s ( ! lov$ "o 9 heav54 ,8 ,bless$ ,damozel1 we>+ a :ite rose1 ,m>y's gift1 lean+ out f ! gold b> ( heav51 wat*+ ) sad eyes1 deep] ?an ! dep? ( wat]s /ill$ at ev51 = ! com+ ( h] lov]1 has left a la/+ impression on _m read]s4 ,simplicity1 beauty1 & pa?os are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ?is poem1 :i*1 l ,bryant's ,?anatopsis1 0 writt5 by a y\? ( eighte54 ,pa9t+ 0 ! *ief "w ( ,rossetti's life1 b he wrote _m o!r poems4 ,"s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ^! are ! two semi-ballads1 ,si/] ,hel5 & ,! ,k+'s ,trag$y1 ,rose ,m>y1 ,love's ,nocturn1 & ,sonnets4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! ,sonnets1 ,m>y's ,girlhood1 describes ! *ild z3-- ,an angel-wat]$ lily1 t ne> ,god ,gr[s & is quiet4 ,8 si/]1 ,*ri/9a ,rossetti 7#ahcj-ahid71 ! au?or ( mu* religi\s v]se1 %[s ! unaffect$ naturalness ( ! new movem5t4 ,?is /anza f h] ,amor ,mundi 7,love ( ! ,_w7 is *>act]i/ic3-- ,s !y two w5t toge!r 9 gl[+ ,augu/ wea!r1 ,! honey-brea?+ hea!r lay to _! left & "r2 ,& de> %e 0 to doat on1 h] swift feet seem$ to float on ,! air l s(t tw9 pigeons too sportive to alight4 ,william ,morris 7#ahcd-ahif71 ,ox=d graduate1 decorator1 manufactur]1 pr9t]1 & poet1 0 born ne> ,london4 ,he 0 fasc9at$ by ,! ,bless$ ,damozel1 & 8 fir/ & mo/ poetical volume1 ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu9ev]e & ,o!r ,poems 7#aheh71 %[s ,rossetti's influ5ce4 ,! simplicity insi/$ on by ! new s*ool is evid5t 9 su* l9es z ^! f ,two ,r$ ,roses across ! ,moon3-- ,!re 0 a lady liv$ 9 a hall1 ,l>ge 9 ! eyes & slim & tall2 ,& ev] %e sung f noon to noon1 ,two r$ roses across ! moon4 ,morris lat] wrote a long s]ies ( n>rative poems1 call$ ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise 7#ahfh-ahgj7 & an epic1 ,sigurd ! ,volsung 7#ahgf74 ,he turn$ f ,pre-,raphaelitism to become an e>ne/ social re=m]4 ,9 lit]ature1 ! ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t disda9$ ! old conv5tions & />t$ a m9iature romantic revival1 :i* emphasiz$ individuality1 direct expression1 & ! use ( simple words4 ,its influ5ce soon became m]g$ 9 t ( ! e>li] & f> great] romantic s*ool4 ,,?omas ,,bab+ton ,,macaulay1 #ahjj-ahei ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,bab+ton ,,macaulay4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,sir ,f4 ,grant1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,a prom95t figure 9 ! social & political life ( ,engl& dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! c5tury 0 ,?omas ,bab+ton ,macaulay1 a man ( brilliant intellectual p[]s1 /rict integrity ( "*1 & enorm\s capacity = "w4 ,he lov$ ,engl& & glori$ 9 h] lib]ties & h] comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,he s]v$ h] = _m ye>s 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & he b5t 8 :ole en]gy & spl5did =5sic tal5t 9 favor ( ! ,re=m ,bill ( #ahcb1 :i* secur$ great] political lib]ty = ,engl&4 ,he 0 n a !oriz]1 b a practical man ( affairs4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t 8 political op9ions 7 ready made = him by ! ,:ig p>ty1 8 c>e] 9 ! ,h\se 0 nev] inconsi/5t ) rectitude ( int5tion & indep5d5ce ( _s4 ,he vot$ consci5ti\sly = measures1 al?\gh he p]sonally sacrific$ hundr$s ( p\nds by s do+4 ,he 0 a rem>kable talk]4 ,a s+le spee* ( 8 has be5 kn[n to *ange an entire vote 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,unlike ,col]idge1 he did n indulge 9 monologue1 b %[$ to f9e/ advantage 9 debate4 ,8 p[] ( memory 0 wond]ful4 ,he (t5 />tl$ an oppon5t by quot+ f a giv5 *apt] & page ( a book4 ,he repeat$ long passages f ,p>adise ,lo/2 & x is said he c\ld h re/or$ x complete1 _h x all be5 lo/4 ,8 disposition 0 sweet & 8 life altoge!r =tunate4 ,8 biograph] says ( him3 ,desc5d$ f ,scot* ,presbyt]ians --m9i/]s _m ( !m--on 8 fa!r's side1 & f a ,quak] family on 8 "m's1 he probably unit$ z _m gu>anties ( 'good bir?1' 9 ! moral s5se ( ! ^w1 z c\ld be f\nd 9 ^! isl&s at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 ,he 0 born at ,ro?ley ,temple1 ,leice/]%ire1 9 #ahjj4 ,he 0 prep>$ = college at good private s*ools1 & s5t to ,cambridge :5 he 0 eighte54 ,he /udi$ law & 0 admitt$ to ! b> 9 #ahbe2 b1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 he det]m9$ to adopt lit]ature z a pr(ession1 ow+ to ! welcome giv5 to 8 ,essay on ,milton4 ,z he _h writt5 epics1 hi/ories1 & metrical romances prior to ! age ( t51 8 *oice ( a pr(ession 0 nei!r ha/y nor unexpect$4 ,he cont9u$ f ?is "t to write = ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 b lit]ature 0 n ! only field ( 8 activity4 ,he _h a seat 9 ,p>liam5t1 & he held sev]al positions "u ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,he 0 nev] unemploy$4 ,_m ( 8 ,essays 7 writt5 be=e breakfa/2 :ile ! o!r memb]s ( ! h\sehold 7 asleep4 ,he 0 a voraci\s read]4 ,if he walk$ 9 ! c\ntry or 9 ,london1 he always c>ri$ a book to read4 ,he sp5t "s ye>s 9 ! gov]nm5t's s]vice 9 ,india4 ,on ! long voyage ov]1 he read incessantly1 & on ! return trip he /udi$ ! ,g]man language4 ,he 0 beyond ! age ( =ty :5 he f\nd ! leisure to beg9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,he work$ un9t]rupt$ly1 b broke d[n e>ly1 dy+ at ! age ( fifty-n9e4 ,) 8 l>ge1 f9e physique1 8 /urdy common s5se1 8 int]e/ 9 practical matt]s1 & 8 satisfaction 9 ! physical improvem5ts ( ! p1 ,macaulay 0 a f9e specim5 ( ! ,engli% g5tleman4 ,essays & ,poetry4--,l ,de ,qu9cey1 ,macaulay 0 a frequ5t contributor to p]iodicals4 ,he wrote graphic essays on m5 ( action & hi/orical p]iods4 ,! essays mo/ wor?y ( m5tion 9 ?is class are ,sir ,william ,temple1 ,"l ,clive1 ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 & ,william ,pitt1 ,e>l ( ,*a?am4 ,"s ( 8 essays on ,engli% writ]s & lit]>y subjects are /ill classic4 ,among ^! are ,milton1 ,dryd51 ,addison1 ,s\!y's ,edition ( ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,crok]'s ,edition ( ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 & ! biographical essays on ,bunyan1 ,goldsmi?1 & ,johnson1 contribut$ to ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 ,al?\gh !y may lack deep spiritual insight into ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( life & lit]>y criticism1 ^! essays are /ill des]v$ly read by mo/ /ud5ts ( ,engli% hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,gosse says3 ,! mo/ re/ive ( juv5ile m9ds1 if induc$ to ent] "o ( ,macaulay's essays1 is almo/ c]ta9 to reappe> at ! o!r end ( x gratifi$1 &1 to an appreciable ext5t1 cultivat$4 ,^! ,essays h develop$ a ta/e = g5]al read+ 9 _m :o c\ld n h be5 induc$ to beg9 ) any?+ dry or h>d4 ,_m :o h read ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s say t ,macaulay fir/ turn$ _! att5tion to t fasc9at+ "w4 ,9 ! foll[+ quotation f an essay on t great biography1 we may note 8 love = int]e/+ concrete /atem5ts1 pres5t$ 9 a vigor\s & cle> /yle3-- ,johnson gr[n old1 ,johnson 9 ! fullness ( 8 fame & 9 ! enjoym5t ( a compet5t =tune1 is bett] kn[n to u ?an any o!r man 9 hi/ory4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t him1 8 *at1 8 wig1 8 figure1 8 face1 8 scr(ula1 8 ,/4 ,vitus's dance1 8 roll+ walk1 8 bl9k+ eye1 ! outw>d signs :i* too cle>ly m>k$ 8 approbation ( 8 d9n]1 8 insatiable appetite = fi% sauce & veal pie ) plums1 8 inext+ui%able ?ir/ = tea1 8 trick ( t\*+ ! po/s z he walk$ 444 all are z famili> to u z ! objects by :i* we h be5 surr\nd$ f *ildhood4 ,macaulay wrote "s /irr+ ballad poetry1 kn[n z ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome1 :i* gives a good picture ( ! pr\d ,roman ,republic 9 its valor\s days4 ,^! ballads h some?+ ( ,scott's heal?y1 manly r+4 ,!y conta9 rhetorical & m>tial /anzas1 :i* are ! delight ( _m boys2 b !y lack ! spirituality & beauty t are necess>y = great poetry4 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4--,macaulay _h = "s "t wond]$ :y "s "o %\ld n d = real hi/ory :at ,scott _h done = imag9>y hi/ory4 ,macaulay accord+ly propos$ to himself ! task ( writ+ a hi/ory t %\ld be m accurate ?an ,hume's & possess some?+ ( ! int]e/ ( ,scott's hi/orical romances4 ,9 #ahdh appe>$ ! fir/ two volumes ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! ,accession ( ,james ,,ii4 ,macaulay _h ! satisfaction ( see+ 8 "w1 9 sales & popul> appreciation1 surpass ! novels4 ,he int5d$ to trace ! developm5t ( ,engli% lib]ty f ,james ,,ii4 to ! dea? ( ,george ,,iii42 b 8 m9ute me?od ( treatm5t all[$ him to unfold only sixte5 ye>s 7f #afhe to #agja7 ( t p]iod1 s important 9 ! con/itutional & religi\s hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,macaulay's pages are n a gravey>d = ! dry bones ( hi/ory4 ,! human be+s t figure 9 8 *apt]s h be5 re/or$ to life by 8 t\*4 ,we see ,*>les ,,ii4 be=e ! dew 0 (f 9 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k /rid+ among ! trees1 play+ ) 8 spaniels1 & fl++ corn to 8 ducks4 ,we gaze = a mom5t ) ! ,engli% c\rti]s at ,william ,,iii43-- ,!y obs]v$ t ! k+ spoke 9 a some:at imp]i\s tone1 ev5 to ! wife to :om he ow$ s mu*1 & :om he s9c]ely lov$ & e/eem$4 ,!y 7 amus$ & %ock$ to see him1 :5 ! ,pr9cess ,anne d9$ ) him1 & :5 ! fir/ gre5 peas ( ! ye> 7 put on ! table1 dev\r ! :ole di% )\t (f]+ a spoonful to h] ,royal ,highness1 & !y pron\nc$ t ?is great soldi] & politician 0 no bett] ?an a l[ ,dut* be>4#f ,p>ts ( ! ,hi/ory are ma/]pieces ( ! n>rator's art4 ,a tra9$ noveli/1 unhamp]$ by hi/orical facts1 c\ld sc>cely h surpass$ ! la/ "p ( ,macaulay's eigh? *apt] 9 relat+ ! trial ( ! sev5 ,bi%ops4 ,our blood t+les to ! tips ( our f+]s z we read 9 ! fif? *apt] ! /ory ( ,monm\?'s rebellion & ( ! ,bloody ,assizes ( ,judge ,jeffreys4 ,macaulay %irk$ no labor 9 prep>+ himself to write ! ,hi/ory4 ,he read ?\s&s ( pages ( au?orities & he p]sonally visit$ ! great battlefields 9 ord] to give accurate descriptions4 ,not)/&+ su* prep>ation1 ! value ( 8 ,hi/ory is impair$1 n only because he sometimes displays p>tisan%ip1 b also because he fails to appreciate ! significance ( und]ly+ social movem5ts4 ,he does n adopt ! mod]n idea t hi/ory is a record ( social gr[?1 moral z well z physical4 ,:ile a graphic picture ( ! ext]ior aspects ( society is pres5t$1 we are giv5 no pr(\nd insight into ! int]ior movem5ts ( a great con/itutional epo*4 ,we may say ( bo? ,gibbon & ,macaulay t !y are too (t5 m]e surveyors1 r ?an geologi/s1 ( ! hi/oric field4#g ,! popul>ity ( ! ,hi/ory is n injur$ by ?is me?od4 ,macaulay's grasp ( fact nev] weak5s1 8 love ( manly c\rage nev] relaxes1 8 joy 9 bygone "t nev] fails1 8 zeal = ! free in/itutions ( ,engl& nev] falt]s1 & 8 /yle is nev] dull4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,! *ief quality ( ,macaulay's /yle is its cle>ness4 ,contempor>ies said t ! pr9t]s' read]s nev] _h to read 8 s5t5ces a second "t to und]/& !m4 ,?is cle>ness is atta9$1 fir/1 by ! /ructure ( 8 s5t5ces4 ,he avoids entangl+ clauses1 obscure ref]5ces 9 8 pron\ns1 & long s5t5ces :5ev] !y are 9 dang] ( becom+ involv$ & caus+ ! read] to lose 8 way4 ,9 ! second place1 if ! idea is a difficult "o or n likely to be appreh5d$ at its full wor?1 ,macaulay repeats 8 mean+ f a diff]5t po9t ( view & ?r[s additional light on ! subject by v>i$ illu/rations4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 8 works ab\nd 9 concrete ideas1 :i* are m readily grasp$ ?an ab/ract ones4 ,he is n cont5t to write3 ,! smalle/ actual good is bett] ?an ! mo/ magnific5t promise ( impossibilities3 b he gives ! concrete equival5t3 ,an acre 9 ,middlesex is wor? a pr9cipality 9 ,utopia4 ,x is possible = /yle to be bo? cle> & lifeless1 b 8 /yle is z en]getic z x is cle>4 ,9 n>ration he takes high rank4 ,8 erudition1 display$ 9 ! va/ /ores ( fact t 8 memory reta9$ = effective s]vice 9 e direction1 is wor?y ( special m5tion4 ,:ile 8 excell5ces may s]ve z a model1 he has faults t admir]s w\ld d well to avoid4 ,8 fondness = contra/ (t5 leads him to make "o picture too bright & ! o!r too d>k4 ,8 love ( anti!sis has ! m]it ( ar\s+ att5tion 9 8 read]s & ( cry/alliz+ "s ?\ghts into endur+ epigrammatic =m2 b he is (t5 l$ to sacrifice exact tru? 9 ord] to obta9 f9e contra/s1 z 9 ! foll[+3-- ,! ,puritan hat$ be>-bait+1 n because x gave pa9 to ! be>1 b because x gave pleasure to ! spectators4 ,macaulay is m ! apo/le ( ! mat]ial ?an ( ! spiritual4 ,he lack$ sympa?y ) !ories & aspirations t c\ld n accompli% imm$iate practical results4 ,:ile 8 vigor\s1 easily-read pages ex]t a heal?y fasc9ation1 !y are n illum9$ ) ! spiritual gl[ t %$s lu/] on ! pages ( ! great ,victorian moral tea*]s1 l ,c>lyle & ,rusk94 ,he has1 h[ev]1 _h m influ5ce on ! prose /yle ( ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ?an any o!r writ]4 ,_m cont9ue to f9d 9 him _! mo/ effective tea*] ( a cle>1 en]getic =m ( expression4 ,,john ,,h5ry1 ,,c>d9al ,,newman1 #ahja-ahij ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,h5ry1 ,,c>d9al ,,newman4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,emmel9e ,deane4 ,life4--,newman1 :o 0 born 9 ,london ! ye> aft] ,macaulay1 repres5ts a diff]5t aspect ( ,engli% ?\ght4 ,macaulay 0 ?rill$ 9 contemplat+ ! great mat]ial gr[? & en]gy ( ! nation4 ,newman's int]e/ 0 c5t]$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! spiritual life4 ,?is son ( a practical ,london bank] 0 writ+ v]ses at n9e1 a mock drama at twelve1 & at f\rte51 he broke out into p]iodicals1 ,! ,spy & ,anti-,spy1 int5d$ to answ] "o ano!r4 ,( 8 t5d5cy t[>d my/icism 9 y\?1 he wrote3-- ,i us$ to wi% ! ,arabian ,tales 7 true2 my imag9ation ran on unkn[n influ5ces1 on magical p[]s & influ5ces4 ,i ?\ght life might be a dream1 or ,i an angel1 & all ?is _w a deception1 my fell[ angels by a playful device conceal+ !mselves f me1 & deceiv+ me ) ! semblance ( a mat]ial _w4 ,9 8 y\? he imitat$ ! /yle ( ,addison1 ,johnson1 & ,gibbon4 ,few boys ( 8 g5]ation _h z mu* practice 9 writ+ ,engli% prose4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 ye>s & t5 mon?s he ent]$ ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ at n9ete54 ,two ye>s lat] he won an ,ox=d fell[%ip1 & 9 #ahbd he became a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,! re/ ( 8 life belongs ma9ly to !ological hi/ory4 ,he became "o ( ! lead]s ( ! ,ox=d ,movem5t 7#ahcc-ahda7 t[>d /rict] ,high-,*ur* pr9ciples1 z oppos$ to lib]alism1 & 9 #ahde he jo9$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he 0 rector ( ! new ,ca?olic ,univ]sity at ,dubl9 f #ahed to #aheh4 ,9 #ahgi he 0 made a c>d9al4 ,mo/ ( 8 lat] life 0 sp5t at ,edgba/on 7ne> ,birm+ham7 at ! ,oratory ( ,/4 ,philip ,n]i4 ,works & ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,newman 0 a volum9\s writ]4 ,an edition ( 8 works 9 ?irty-six volumes 0 issu$ dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,mo/ ( ^! prop]ly belong to ! hi/ory ( !ological ?\ght4 ,8 ,apologia pro ,vita ,sua1 :i* he wrote 9 reply to an attack by ,*>les ,k+sley1 an ,episcopal cl]gyman1 is really1 z its sub-title indicates1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,8 ,religi\s ,op9ions4 ,?is intimate1 sympa!tic acc\nt ( 8 religi\s exp]i5ces won him _m fri5ds4 ,he wrote two novels3 ,loss & ,ga9 7#ahdh71 :i* gives an excell5t picture ( ,ox=d society dur+ ! la/ days ( ! ,ox=d ,movem5t1 & ,calli/a 7#aheb71 a vivid /ory ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian m>tyr 9 ,africa4 ,8 be/-kn[n hymn1 ,lead k9dly ,light1 rema9s a favorite ) all ,*ri/ian d5om9ations4 ,! ,dream ( ,g]ontius 7#ahfe7 is a poem t has be5 call$ ! happie/ ef=t to repres5t ! unse5 _w t has be5 made s9ce ! "t ( ,dante4 ,^? :o are n int]e/$ 9 ,newman's ,episcopal or ,ca?olic s]mons or 9 8 great !ological treatises w f9d "s ( 8 be/ prose 9 ! "w kn[n z ,! ,idea ( a ,univ]sity4 ,?is volume1 conta9+ #eba pages1 is compos$ ( discussions1 lectures1 & essays1 prep>$ :ile he 0 rector ( ! ,univ]sity at ,dubl94 ,newman's prose is wor?y ( close /udy = ! foll[+ reasons3-- 7#a7 ,8 /yle is a cle>1 transp>5t m$ium = ! pres5tation ( ?\ght4 ,he mold$ 8 s5t5ces ) ! c>e ( an arti/4 ,he said3-- ,i h be5 oblig$ to take great pa9s ) ev]y?+ ,i h ev] writt51 & ,i (t5 write *apt]s ov] & ov] aga91 besides innum]able corrections & int]l9e> additions4 ,8 def9ition ( /yle is a ?9k+ out into language1 n an ornam5tal addition f )\t4 ,he employs 8 *>act]i/ic irony 9 ridicul+ ^? :o ?9k t "o man c\ld d ! ?\ght & ano!r ! /yle3-- ,we read 9 ,p]sian travels ( ! way 9 :i* "y g5tlem5 g to "w 9 ! ,ea/1 :5 !y w\ld engage 9 correspond5ce ) ^? :o inspire !m ) hope or fe>4 ,!y _c write "o s5t5ce !mselves2 s !y betake !mselves to ! pr(essional lett] writ]444 ,! man ( ?\ght comes to ! man ( words2 & ! man ( words duly in/ruct$ 9 ! ?\ght1 dips ! p5 ( desire into ! ink ( devot$ness1 & proce$s to spread x ov] ! page ( desolation4 ,!n ! night+ale ( affection is he>d to w>ble to ! rose ( lovel9ess1 :ile ! breeze ( anxiety plays ar\nd ! br[ ( expectation4 ,?is is :at ! ,ea/]ns are said to consid] f9e writ+2 & x seems pretty mu* ! idea ( ! s*ool ( critics to :om ,i h be5 ref]r+4#h ,x 0 a pleasure to him to ?9k out expressions l ! foll[+3-- ,t5 ?\s& difficulties d n make a d\bt4 ,calculation nev] made a h]o4 ,"h bel[ to live is to *ange1 & to be p]fect is to h *ang$ (t54 7#b7 ,l ,macaulay1 ,newman excell$ 9 ! use ( ! concrete4 ,9 8 ,hi/orical ,sket*es1 he imag9es ! ag5t ( a ,london company s5t to inspect ,attica3-- ,he w\ld report t ! climate 0 mild2 ! hills 7 lime/one2 !re 0 pl5ty ( good m>ble2 m pa/ure l& ?an at fir/ survey might h be5 expect$1 suffici5t c]ta9ly = %eep & goats2 fi%]ies productive2 silv] m9es once1 b long s9ce work$ out2 figs fair2 oil fir/ rate2 olives 9 pr(usion444 ,he w\ld n tell h[ t same delicate & brilliant atmosph]e fre%5$ up ! pale olive till ! olive =got its monotony1 & its *eek gl[$ l ! arbutus or ! bee* ( ! ,umbrian hills4 ,a g5]al /atem5t ab\t sup]s$+ ! op]ation ( ! laws ( ! univ]se 9 a multitude ( ways does n satisfy him4 ,he specifies 9 ^? ways :5 he records 8 belief t sa9ts h rais$ ! dead to life1 cross$ ! sea )\t vessels1 multipli$ gra9 & bread1 cur$ incurable diseases4 7#c7 ,he mode/ly call$ himself a rhetorician1 b he possess$ also ! qualities ( an acute ?9k]4 ,he display$ unusual sagacity 9 detect+ ! value ( diff]5t argum5ts 9 p]suasion4 ,he c\ld arrange 9 prop] proportion ! mo/ complex tangle ( facts1 s z to make "o cle> impression4 ,su* p[] made him "o ( ! great ,victorian ma/]s ( argum5tative prose4 ,,?omas ,,c>lyle1 #agie-ahha ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,c>lyle4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,james ,mc,neil ,:i/l]1 ,glasg[ ,art ,gall]ies4 ,life4--,?omas ,c>lyle1 :o became "o ( ! great tonic =ces ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 0 also mo/ int]e/$ 9 spiritual gr[?4 ,he specially emphasiz$ ! gospel ( "w z ! only ag5cy t c\ld develop ! atmosph]e necess>y = su* gr[?1 &1 ?\gh deeply religi\s1 he c>$ little = any special fai? or cre$4 ,! son ( a ,scot* /one mason1 ,?omas ,c>lyle 0 born 9 #agie at ,ecclefe*an1 ,dumfries%ire4 ,at ! age ( f\rte51 ! boy 0 ready = ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 & he walk$ ! eighty miles betwe5 x & 8 home4 ,aft] he 0 graduat$1 he felt t he c\ld n ent] ! m9i/ry1 z 8 p>5ts wi%$4 ,he !re=e taught :ile he 0 consid]+ :at vocation to foll[4 ,9 #ahba he met ,jane ,wel%1 a brilliant & beautiful girl1 desc5d$ on h] fa!r's side f ,john ,knox & on h] "m's f ,william ,wallace4 ,) ! _s ( ,wallace1 %e climb$ 9 h] girlhood up to places t a boy w\ld h consid]$ p]il\s4 ,:5 %e 0 =bidd5 to take up su* a mascul9e /udy z ,lat91 %e promptly le>n$ to decl9e a ,lat9 n\n4 ,c>lyle _h mu* tr\ble 9 w9n+ h]2 b %e f9ally cons5t$ to be 8 wife1 & !y 7 m>ri$ 9 #ahbf4 ,9 #ahbh !y w5t to live = six lonely ye>s on h] f>m at ,craig5puttock1 sixte5 miles nor? ( ,dumfries1 :]e x 0 s quiet t ,mrs4 ,c>lyle said %e c\ld he> ! %eep nibbl+ ! grass a qu>t] ( a mile away4 ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son visit$ !m "h & =m$ a lifelong fri5d%ip ) ,c>lyle4 ,x 0 "h t ,c>lyle f\ght ! int5se spiritual battle ( 8 e>ly life1 "h t he wrote 8 fir/ great "w1 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 :i* 8 wife pron\nc$ a "w ( g5ius1 de>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,craig5puttock4 ,x w\ld be difficult to ov]e/imate ! b5efic5t influ5ce :i* ,mrs4 ,c>lyle ex]t$ ov] h] husb& 9 ^? try+ days ( pov]ty & spiritual /ress4 ,:5 h] private correspond5ce 0 inadvis$ly publi%$ aft] 8 dea?1 %e unwitt+ly became h] husb&'s ,boswell4 ,= _m ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( h] lett]s1 8 p]sonality & treatm5t ( h] 7 m discuss$ ?an 8 writ+s4 ,h] ref]5ces to m>ital unhapp9ess 7 = a:ile giv5 undue prom95ce2 b ) ! pass+ ( "t !re came a recognition ( ! fact t %e 0 almo/ z brilliant a writ] z h] husb&1 t1 l him1 %e 0 frequ5tly ill1 & t 9 express+ ?+s 9 a /rik+ way1 %e sometimes ex]cis$ 8 pr]ogative ( exagg]ation4 ,c>lyle has to take a j\rney always aft] writ+ a book1 %e decl>$1 & !n gets s we>y ) knock+ ab\t t he has to write ano!r book to recov] f x4 ,%e once said t liv+ ) him 0 z bad z keep+ a lunatic asylum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mrs4 ,,c>lyle4 ,un=tunately1 8 e>ly privations _h caus$ him to h *ronic indige/ion4 ,he ?\ght t ! wor/ puni%m5t he c\ld sugge/ = ,satan w\ld be to compel him to try to dige/ = all et]nity ) my /oma*4 ,?is disord] r5d]$ ,c>lyle peculi>ly irascible & explosive4 ,8 wife's quick temp] sometimes took fire at 8 qu]ul\sness2 b h] _m actions1 :i* spoke mu* l\d] ?an h] words1 %[$ h[ deeply %e lov$ him & h[ pr\d %e 0 ( 8 g5ius4 ,aft] _! removal to ,london1 %e w\ld quietly buy ! neighbors' cr[+ roo/]s1 :i* kept him awake1 & %e prep>$ food t w\ld be/ suit 8 disord]$ dige/ion4 ,%e compla9$ ( 8 seem+ lack ( appreciation4 ,y don't want to be prais$ = do+ y\r duty1 he said4 ,i did1 ?\gh1 %e wrote4 ,c>lyle's lack ( re/ra9t 0 mo/ evid5t 9 little ?+s4 ,a ,g]man :o came f ,weim> to see him 0 un=tunately admitt$ dur+ a p]iod ( /ress 9 writ+4 ,a m9ute lat] ! ,g]man 0 se5 rapidly desc5d+ ! /airs & leav+ ! h\se4 ,c>lyle imm$iately hurri$ to ! room :]e 8 wife 0 receiv+ a visitor1 & tragically ask$ :at he _h done to cause ! ,almighty to s5d a ,g]man all ! way f ,weim> to wr5* (f ! h&les ( 8 cupbo>d doors4 ,c>lyle did n !n appe> to realize t ! fright5$ ,g]man _h mi/ak5 ! lock$ cupbo>d doors = ! exit f ! room4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! great political economi/1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 0 responsible = ! loss ( ! borr[$ manuscript ( ! fir/ volume ( ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,c>lyle said to 8 wife3 ,well1 ,mill1 poor fell[1 is t]ribly cut up2 we mu/ endeavor to hide f him h[ v s]i\s ! bus9ess is to u4 ,to rewrite ?is volume co/ ,c>lyle a ye>'s exhau/+ labor4 ,9 #ahcd ,c>lyle w5t to ,london1 :]e he liv$ = ! re/ ( 8 life 9 ,*eyne ,r[1 ,*elsea4 ,! publication ( ,! ,fr5* ,revolution 9 #ahcg made him fam\s4 ,o!r works ( 8 soon appe>$1 to add to 8 fame4 ,8 essays1 collect$ & publi%$ 9 #ahci "u ! title1 ,critical & ,miscellane\s ,essays1 conta9$ 8 sympa!tic ,essay on ,burns1 :i* no subsequ5t writ] has surpass$4 ,cromwell's ,lett]s & ,spee*es1 ) ,elucidations 7#ahde7 p]man5tly rais$ ,engl&'s e/imation ( t w>rior /atesman4 ,c>lyle's writ+s1 8 lectures on su* subjects z ,h]oes & ,h]o ,wor%ip 7#ahda71 & 8 oracul> criticism on gov]nm5t & life made him z conspicu\s a figure z ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson _h be5 9 ! previ\s c5tury4 ,c>lyle's la/ great "w1 ,hi/ory ( ,fri$ri* ,,ii41 0 =tunately f9i%$ 9 #ahfe1 ! ye> be=e 8 great mis=tune4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( #ahfe ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh elect$ ,c>lyle ,"l ,rector ( t in/itution because !y consid]$ him ! man mo/ wor?y to receive su* high honor4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahff1 he w5t to ,ed9burgh to deliv] 8 inaugural address4 ,be=e he return$1 he receiv$ a telegram /at+ t 8 wife _h di$ ( he>t failure :ile %e 0 tak+ a drive 9 ,london4 ,! bl[ 0 a cru%+ "o4 ,! epitaph t he plac$ on h] monum5t %[s 8 f9al realization ( h] wor? & ( 8 irrep>able loss4 ,he said truly t ! light ( 8 life _h gone out4 ,dur+ 8 rema9+ ye>s1 he produc$ little ( value except 8 ,rem9isc5ces1 a consid]able "p ( :i* _h be5 writt5 long be=e4 ,honors1 h[ev]1 came to him until ! la/4 ,! ,prussian ,ord] ( ,m]it 0 conf]r$ on him 9 #ahgd4 ,! ,engli% gov]nm5t (f]$ him ! ,gr& ,cross ( ,ba? & a p5sion1 bo? ( :i* he decl9$4 ,on 8 eightie? bir?day1 m ?an a hundr$ ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! ,engli%-speak+ race jo9$ 9 giv+ him a gold m$allion portrait4 ,:5 he di$ 9 #ahha1 an (f] ( int]m5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey 0 decl9$ & he 0 laid beside 8 p>5ts 9 ! gravey>d at ,ecclefe*an4 ,s>tor ,res>tus4--,l ,col]idge1 ,c>lyle 0 a /ud5t ( ,g]man philosophy & lit]ature4 ,8 e>lie/ "w 0 ,! ,life ( ,fri$ri* ,s*ill] 7#ahbc-ahbe71 :i* won = him ! appreciation & fri5d%ip ( ! ,g]man poet1 ,goe!4 ,c>lyle's fir/ great orig9al "w1 ! "o 9 :i* he be/ deliv]s 8 message to humanity1 is ,s>tor ,res>tus 7,! ,tailor ,pat*$74 ,?is fir/ appe>$ s]ially 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e 9 #ahcc-ahcd4 ,he feign$ t he 0 m]ely edit+ a treatise on ,! ,philosophy ( ,clo!s1 ! "w ( a ,g]man pr(essor1 ,diog5es ,teufelsdrckh4 ,?is pr(essor is really ,c>lyle himself2 b ! disguise gave him an excuse = writ+ 9 a /range /yle & = beg9n+ _m ( 8 n\ns ) capitals1 aft] ! ,g]man fa%ion4 ,:5 ,s>tor ,res>tus fir/ appe>$1 ,mrs4 ,c>lyle rem>k$ t x 0 completely und]/ood & appreciat$ only by wom5 & mad p4 ,?is "w did n = "s ye>s receive suffici5t att5tion 9 ,engl& to ju/ify publication 9 book =m4 ,! case 0 diff]5t 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! fir/ edition ) a preface by ,em]son 0 publi%$ 9 #ahcf1 two ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( ! ,engli% edition4 ,9 ! ye> ( ,c>lyle's dea?1 a *eap ,london edition ( #cj1jjj copies 0 sold 9 a few weeks4 ,c>lyle calls ,s>tor ,res>tus a ,philosophy ( ,clo!s4 ,he uses ! t]m ,clo!s symbolically to signify ! outw>d expression ( ! spiritual4 ,he calls ,nature ! ,liv+ ,g>m5t ( ,god4 ,he tea*es u to reg>d ^! ve/m5ts only z semblances & to look beyond !m to ! inn] _s1 :i* is ! reality4 ,! c5tury's mat]ial progress1 :i* 0 su* a cause ( pride to ,macaulay1 0 to ,c>lyle only a semblance1 n a sign ( real spiritual gr[?4 ,he says ( ! utilit>ian philosophy1 :i* he hat$ int5sely3-- ,x spreads l a sort ( ,dog-madness2 till ! :ole ,_w-k5nel w be rabid4 ,! majority ( read]s c>$ no?+ = ! symbolism ( ,s>tor ,res>tus2 b !y respond$ to its effective pres5tation ( ! gospel ( "w & fac$ ! duties ( life ) increas$ en]gy4 ,c>lyle seem$ to /& be=e !m say+3-- ,d ! ,duty :i* lies ne>e/ !e1 :i* ?\ kn[e/ to be a ,duty6 ,?y second ,duty w already h become cle>]444 ,! ,situation t has n its ,duty1 its ,ideal 0 nev] yet occupi$ by man4 ,yes "h1 9 ?is poor mis]able1 hamp]$1 despicable ,actual1 :]e9 ?\ ev5 n[ /&e/1 "h or n[h]e is ?y ,ideal3 "w x out !refrom2 & work+1 believe1 live1 be free4 ,fool6 ! ,ideal is 9 ?yself1 ! imp$im5t too is 9 ?yself3 ?y ,condition is b ! /uff ?\ art to %ape t same ,ideal out ( 444 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution4--,9 #ahcg :5 ,c>lyle f9i%$ ! ?ird volume ( 8 hi/oric ma/]piece1 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 he h&$ ! manuscript to 8 wife = h] criticism1 say+3 ,?is ,i c\ld tell ! _w3 ',y h n _h = a hundr$ ye>s any book t comes m direct & flam+ly f ! he>t ( a liv+ man4' ,8 ,scot* blood boil$ ov] ! inju/ice to ! ,fr5* peasants4 ,8 temp]ature beg9s to rise :5 he ref]s to ! old law au?oriz+ a ,fr5* hunt]1 if a nobleman1 to kill n m ?an two s]fs4 ,c>lyle br+s be=e u a va/ /age :]e ! actors 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution appe>3 9 ! backgr\nd1 five full-gr[n millions ( gaunt figures ) _! hungry faces2 9 ! =egr\nd1 "o "y "m ( sev5 *ildr51 look+ sixty ye>s ( age1 al?\gh %e is n yet tw5ty-eight1 & try+ to respond to ! call = sev5 diff]5t k9ds ( taxes2 &1 also 9 ! =egr\nd1 a p]fum$ ,seigneur1 tak+ "p ( ! *ildr5's d9n]4 ,! sc5e *anges2 ! great individual actors 9 ! ,revolution ent]3 ! tocs9 clangs2 ! /age is r$d5$ ) human blood & wrea!d 9 flames4 ,we feel t we are actually witness+ t great hi/oric trag$y4 ,c>lyle _h some?+ ( ,%akespe>e's dramatic imag9ation1 :i* pi]c$ to ! he>t ( m5 & movem5ts4 ,m detail$ & s*ol>ly hi/ories ( ?is "t h be5 writt52 b no o!r hi/orian has equal$ ,c>lyle 9 pres5t+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution z a human trag$y t seems to be act$ be=e our v eyes4 ,he did n attempt to write a complete hi/ory ( ! "t4 ,he us$ ! dramati/'s legitimate privilege ( selection4 ,f a mass ( mat]ial t w\ld h bewild]$ a writ] ( less ability1 he *ose to pres5t on ! c5t] ( ! /age ! mo/ significant actors & picturesque incid5ts4 ,c>lyle's ,real ,k+s4--,c>lyle believ$ t univ]sal hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( :at man has accompli%$ 9 ?is _w1 is at bottom ! hi/ory ( ! great m5 :o h work$ "h4 ,9 accordance ) ?is belief1 he /udi$1 n ! sl[ gr[? ( ! p1 b ! lives ( ! _w's great g5iuses4 ,9 8 c\rse ( lectures entitl$ ,h]oes & ,h]o ,wor%ip 7#ahda71 he consid]s ,! ,h]o z ,prophet1 ,! ,h]o z ,poet1 ,! ,h]o z ,prie/1 & ,! ,h]o z ,k+1 & %[s h[ hi/ory has be5 mold$ by m5 l ,mohamm$1 ,%akespe>e1 ,lu!r1 & ,napoleon4 ,x is su* m5 z ^! :om ,c>lyle calls k+s1 beside :om emp]ors1 popes1 & pot5tates are z no?+4 ,he believ$ t !re 0 always liv+ "s man wor?y to be ! real k+ ov] m51 & su* a k+%ip 0 ,c>lyle's ideal ( gov]nm5t4 ,oliv] ,cromwell 0 "o ( ^! real k+s4 ,9 ! "w entitl$ ,cromwell's ,lett]s & ,spee*es1 ) ,elucidations1 ,c>lyle 0 ! fir/ to pres5t ! "* ( ! ,protector 9 its full /r5g? & greatness & to demon/rate once = all t he 0 a h]o ^: memory all ,engli%m5 %\ld honor4 ,! ,life ( ,john ,/]l+ 7#ahea7 is a fair1 true1 & t\*+ biography ( ,c>lyle's mo/ intimate fri5d1 ! man :o _h introduc$ him to ,jane ,wel%4 ,aft] read+ ?is book1 ,george ,eliot said %e wi%$ t m m5 ( g5ius w\ld write biographies4 ,c>lyle's next attempt at biography grew into ! massive ,hi/ory ( ,fri$ri* ,,ii4 7#aheh-ahfe71 :i* includes a survey ( ,european hi/ory 9 t dre>y c5tury :i* prec$$ ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,fri$ri* is by no means "o ( ! p]fect demigods4 ,he is to ! la/ a que/ionable h]o4 ,h[ev]1 9 8 way he is a ,reality1 "o feels t he always means :at he speaks2 gr\nds 8 actions1 too1 on :at he recognizes = ! tru?2 &1 9 %ort1 has no?+ ( ! ,hypocrite or ,phantasm4 ,despite 8 tyranny & 8 bloody c>e]1 he1 !re=e1 is ano!r ( ,c>lyle's real k+s4 ,:ile ?is "w is a hi/ory ( mod]n ,europe1 ,fri$ri* is always ! c5tral figure4 ,he gives to ^! six volumes a human note1 a gl[+ int]e/ ( p]sonal adv5ture1 & a on5ess t are rem>kable 9 s va/ a "w4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,c>lyle's writ+s mu/ be class$ among ! great social & democratic influ5ces ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 9 spite ( ! fact t he did n believe 9 pure democracy4 ,x 0 8 favorite !ory t a great man1 l ,oliv] ,cromwell1 c\ld gov]n bett] ?an ! un9tellig5t multitude4 ,h[ev] mu* he rebell$ aga9/ democracy 9 gov]nm5t1 8 sympa?ies 7 ) ! toil+ masses4 ,8 "w entitl$ ,pa/ & ,pres5t 7#ahdc7 sugge/s ! organization ( labor & introduces su* mod]n expressions z a fair day's wages = a fair day's "w4 ,9 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 he specially honors ! toilworn ,craftsman1 t ) e>?made implem5t labori\sly conqu]s ! ,e>? & makes h] ,man's4 ,c>lyle _h a l>ge fund ( incisive wit & humor1 :i* (t5 appe> 9 picturesque sett+1 z :5 he said to a physician3 ,a man might z well p\r 8 sorr[s into ! long hairy e> ( a jackass4 ,z ! satiric c5sor ( 8 "t1 ,c>lyle f\nd frequ5t occasion = cau/ic wit4 ,he la%$ ! age = its love ( ! sw9e's tr\gh1 ( ,pig-sci5ce1 ,pig-en?usiasm & devotion4 ,al?\gh 8 int5tions 7 good1 8 satire 0 n always j or discrim9at+1 & he 0 9 consequ5ce bitt]ly criticiz$4 ,! foll[+ ,dut* p>able is 9 "s respects specially applicable to ,c>lyle3-- ,!re 0 a man once1--a satiri/4 ,9 ! natural c\rse ( "t 8 fri5ds slew him & he di$4 ,& ! p came & /ood ab\t 8 corpse4 ',he treat$ ! :ole r\nd _w z 8 football1' !y said indignantly1 '& he kick$ x4' ,! dead man op5$ "o eye4 ',b always t[>d ! goal1' he said4 ,?is goal t[>d :i* ,c>lyle /ruggl$ to drive humanity 0 ! goal ( moral a*ievem5t4 ,"y p on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic respond$ vigor\sly to 8 appeals4 ,! sci5ti/ ,john ,tyndall said to 8 /ud5ts3-- ,! read+ ( ! works ( two m5 has plac$ me "h to-day4 ,^! m5 are ! ,engli% ,c>lyle & ! ,am]ican ,em]son4 ,i mu/ ev] rememb] ) gratitude t ?r\gh ?ree long1 cold ,g]man w9t]s1 ,c>lyle plac$ me 9 my tub1 ev5 :5 ice 0 on its surface1 at five o'clock e morn+ 444 det]m9$1 :e!r victor or vanqui%$1 n to %r9k f difficulty444 ,!y told me :at ,i ought to d 9 a way t caus$ me to d x1 & all my consequ5t intellectual action is to be trac$ to ?is purely moral =ce444 ,!y call$ out4 ',act6' ,i he>k5$ to ! summons4 ,huxley aptly def9$ ,c>lyle z a great tonic1--a s\rce ( intellectual invigoration & moral /imulus4 ,c>lyle is n only a great ,awak5] b also a great lit]>y arti/4 ,8 /yle is vivid1 =ceful1 & (t5 poetic4 ,he loves to pres5t 8 ideas ) su* picturesqu5ess t ! correspond+ images develop cle>ly 9 ! read]'s m9d4 ,impressive epi!ts & phrases ab\nd4 ,8 metaphors are frequ5t & =ceful4 ,mirabeau's face is pictur$ z r\gh-hewn1 seam$1 c>buncl$4 ,9 describ+ ,daniel ,web/]1 ,c>lyle speaks ( ! tann$ complexion1 t amorph\s crag-l face2 ! dull black eyes "u _! precipice ( br[s1 l dull an?racite furnaces ne$+ only to be bl[n1 ! ma/iff-m\?1 accurately clos$4 ,he =m$ _m new comp\nd words aft] ! ,g]man fa%ion1 su* z mis*ief-joy2 & :5 he pleas$1 he co9$ new words1 l d&iacal & croak]y4 ,8 frequ5t exclamations & inv]sions make 8 /yle seem *oppy1 l a wave-toss$ sea2 b 8 s5t5ces are s full ( vigor t !y almo/ call al\d f ! pr9t$ page4 ,8 /yle 0 n an imitation ( ! ,g]man1 b a *>act]i/ic =m ( expression1 natural to him & to 8 fa!r4 ,! gift ( v]se 0 d5i$ him1 b he is "o ( ! great prose poets ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,mu* ( ,s>tor ,res>tus is highly poetic & p>ts ( ,! ,fr5* ,revolution resemble a dramatic poem4 ,,john ,r,u,s,kl,n1 #ahai-aijj ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,rusk94 ,f a photograph ,life4--,! mo/ fam\s disciple ( ,c>lyle is ,john ,rusk91 ! only *ild ( weal?y p>5ts1 :o 0 born 9 ,london 9 #ahai4 ,:5 he 0 f\r ye>s old ! family mov$ to ,h]ne ,hill1 a suburb s\? ( ,london1 :]e 8 int5se love ( nature develop$ z he look$ ov] op5 fields1 animate ) c[ & butt]cup1 ov] s(tly wrea?+ di/ances ( dome/ic wood1 to ! di/ant hills4 ,8 ent]ta9+ autobiography1 ,praet]ita 7#ahhe-ahhi71 relates h[ he 0 re>$3-- ,i _h nev] he>d my fa!r's or "m's voice once rais$ 9 any "q ) ea* o!r 444 ,i _h nev] he>d a s]vant scold$ 444 ,i obey$ ^w or lift$ f+]1 ( fa!r or "m1 simply z a %ip h] helm 444no?+ 0 ev] promis$ me t 0 n giv52 no?+ ev] ?reat5$ me t 0 n inflict$1 & no?+ ev] told me t 0 n true444 ,peace1 ob$i5ce1 fai?2 ^! ?ree = *ief good2 next to ^!1 ! habit ( fix$ att5tion ) bo? eyes & m9d4 ,he grew up a solit>y *ild )\t playmates4 ,?is solitude 0 reliev$ :5 8 p>5ts took him on occasional trips ?r\gh ,engl&1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy4 ,9 ,praet]ita he tells 9 an inimitable way h[ ! mo/ port5ti\s int]ruption to 8 solitude came 9 #ahcf1 :5 8 fa!r's ,spani% p>tn] came ) 8 f\r beautiful daught]s to visit ,h]ne ,hill4 ,^! 7 ! fir/ girls 9 8 own /ation to :om he _h spok54 ,virtually conv5t-br$ m closely ?an ! maids !mselves1 says ,rusk91 ,i 0 ?r[n1 b\nd h& & foot1 9 my unaccompli%$ simplicity1 into ! fi]y furnace4 ,9 f\r days he _h fall5 s desp]ately 9 love ) ! olde/1 ,clotilde ,adle ,domecq1 a graceful blonde ( fifte51 t he 0 m ?an f\r ye>s 9 recov]+ 8 equilibrium4 ,%e laugh$ at 8 prote/ations ( love2 b %e repeat$ly visit$ 8 p>5ts1 & he did n give up hope until #ahdj1 :5 %e m>ri$ a ,fr5* b>on4 ,8 biograph] says t ! result+ emotional /ra9 d\btless 0 contributory to 8 breakd[n at ,ox=d & to 8 en=c$ abs5ce = a recup]ative trip on ! cont95t4 ,8 fem99e atta*m5ts usually %[$ "s def9ite results 9 8 writ+4 ,miss ,domecq's influ5ce dur+ ! long p]iod ( 8 devotion inspir$ him to produce mu* v]se1 :i* receiv$ su* high praise t 8 fa!r desir$ him to become a poet4 ,al?\gh "s ( ,rusk9's v]se 0 good1 he f9ally _h ! p5etration to see t x rank$ decid$ly bel[ ! greate/1 & he lat] laid d[n ! dictum3 ) second-rate poetry 9 quality no "o ought to be all[$ to tr\ble mank9d4 ,9 #ahhf1 he _h ! humor to allude z foll[s to ,miss ,domecq & h] influ5ce on 8 rimes1 444h] si/]s call$ h] ,clotilde1 aft] ! que5-sa9t1 & ,i1 ,adle1 because x rim$ to %ell1 spell1 & knell4 ,be=e he 0 graduat$ f ,ox=d 9 #ahdb1 he wrote ! beautiful altrui/ic /ory1 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv] 7#ahda7 = ,euphemia ,gray1 ! "y girl unhappily *os5 by 8 "m to become 8 wife4 ,he m>ri$ h] 9 #ahdh1 b 0 divorc$ f h] 9 #ahed4 ,9 #ahee %e 0 m>ri$ to ! ,pre-,raphaelite arti/1 ,john ,millais4 ,ano!r atta*m5t l$ to 8 writ+ "s ( ! f9e/ p>ts ( 8 mo/ popul> "w1 ,sesame & ,lilies 7#ahfd74 ,i wrote ,lilies1 he says1 to please "o girl4 ,he is "h ref]r+ to ,rose ,la ,t\*e1 a bright1 ard5t1 religi\s en?usia/1 to :om he began to tea* draw+ :5 %e 0 t5 ye>s old4 ,8 affection = h] grew s /rong t he f9ally ask$ h] to become 8 wife4 ,he 0 !n a man ( =ty :ile %e 0 sc>cely gr[n4 ,h] religi\s scruples kept h] f def9itely accept+ him1 because 8 belief 0 n suffici5tly or?odox4 ,! atta*m5t1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ until h] e>ly dea?4 ,%e 0 9 "s respects a rem>kable "*1 & he seems to h _h h] 9 m9d :5 he wrote 9 ,sesame & ,lilies ! pe>ly passage ab\t ,%akespe>e's h]o9es4 ,al?\gh ,rusk9's weal? reliev$ him f e>n+ a liv+1 he 0 r>ely idle4 ,he /udi$1 sket*$1 arrang$ collections ( m9]als1 prep>$ ,turn]'s pictures = ! ,national ,gall]y1 became pr(essor ( art at ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 & wrote & lectur$ on art & social subjects4 ,8 lat] activities1 be=e 8 heal? gave way1 7 9 _m respects simil> to ^? ( a tw5tie?-c5tury social-s]vice work]4 ,! realization ( ! mis]y t ov]:elm$ s mu* ( human life caus$ him to turn f art to consid] rem$ies = ! evils t develop$ z ! competitive indu/ries ( ! nation exp&$4 ,he endeavor$ to improve ! condition ( ! work+ classes 9 su* ways z build+ sanit>y t5em5ts1 e/abli%+ a tea %op1 & =m+ an altrui/ic association1 kn[n z ,/4 ,george's ,guild4 ,ne>ly all 8 inh]itance ( #ahj1jjj 0 exp5d$ 9 su* activities4 ,! royalties com+ f ! sale ( 8 books support$ him 9 old age4 ,rusk9 suff]$ f p]iods ( m5tal depression dur+ 8 la/ ye>s1 :i* 7 sp5t at ,brantwood on ,coni/on ,wat] 9 ! ,lake ,di/rict4 ,he di$ 9 #aijj at ! age ( eighty-"o & 0 buri$ 9 ! cemet]y at ,coni/on4 ,art ,works4--,rusk9 publi%$ ! fir/ volume ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s 9 #ahdc1 ! ye> aft] he 0 graduat$ f ,ox=d1 & ! fif? & la/ volume1 sev5te5 ye>s lat]1 9 #ahfj4 ,_m ( 8 views *ang$ dur+ ?is p]iod2 b he hone/ly decl>$ !m & left to 8 read]s ! task ( reconcil+ ! div]g5t ideas 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 ,! purpose ( ?is book 01 9 8 own words1 to decl>e ! p]fectness & et]nal beauty ( ! "w ( ,god2 & te/ all works ( man by concurr5ce )1 or subjection to t4 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s conta9s pa9/ak+ descriptions ( ,god's h&iwork 9 cl\d =mation1 m\nta9 /ructure1 tree ar*itecture1 & wat] =ms4 ,9 transf]r+ ^! aspects ( nature to canvas1 ,rusk9 %[s ! sup]iority ( mod]n to anci5t pa9t+4 ,he emphasizes ! moral basis ( true beauty1 & ! necessity ( "r liv+ z a f\ndation = ! highe/ type ( art4 ,p]haps ,mod]n ,pa9t]s a*iev$ its greate/ success 9 free+ m5 f ! bondage ( a conv5tional criticism t 0 /ifl+ art1 9 s5d+ !m direct to nature z a guide1 & 9 develop+ a love = h] v>i$ manife/ations ( beauty4 ,two ( ,rusk9's works on ar*itecture1 ,! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture 7#ahdi7 & ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice 7#ahea-ahec71 _h a decid$ effect on ,briti% ta/e 9 build+4 ,! ?ree volumes ( ! ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice give a hi/ory ( ! ,v5etians & ( _! ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,he aims to %[ t ! beauty ( su* build+s z ,/4 ,m>k's ,ca!dral & ! ,doges' ,palace is due to ! virtue & patriotism ( ! p1 ! nobility ( ! design]s1 & ! joy ( ! individual workm51 ^: *isels made ! v /ones ( ,v5ice tell beautiful /ories4 ,! mo/ important ( 8 _m o!r writ+s on art is ! volume entitl$ ,lectures on ,art1 ,deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 #ahgj4 ,9 8 fam\s ,inaugural ( ?is s]ies1 he ?us /ates :at he consid]s ! c5tral tru? ( 8 tea*+3 ,! art ( any c\ntry is ! expon5t ( its social & political virtues4 ,social ,works4--,by turn+ f ! criticism ( art to consid] ! cause ( humanity1 ,rusk9 %[s ! influ5ce ( ! e?ical & social =ces ( ! age4 ,9 middle life he 0 ov]:elm$ ) ! am\nt ( human mis]y & he det]m9$ to d 8 be/ to relieve x4 ,he wrote3-- ,i simply _c pa9t1 nor read1 nor look at m9]als1 nor d any?+ else t ,i l1 & ! v light ( ! morn+ sky1 :5 !re is any--:i* is seldom1 n[adays1 ne> ,london--has become hateful to me1 because ( ! mis]y t ,i "k (1 & see signs (1 :]e ,i "k x n1 :i* no imag9ation c int]pret too bitt]ly4#i ,aft] #ahfj 8 ma9 ef=ts ) bo? p5 & purse 7 devot$ to improv+ ! condition ( 8 fell[ m54 ,8 attempts to provide a rem$y l$ him to write ,unto ?is ,la/ 7#ahfj71 8 fir/ & mo/ complete "w on political economy1 ,mun]a ,pulv]is 7#ahfc71 ,"t & ,tide by ,we>e & ,tyne 7#ahfh71 ,=s ,clavig]a 7#ahga-ahhd71 :i* is a long s]ies ( lett]s to work+m51 & a numb] ( o!r works1 t also pres5t 8 views on social que/ions4 ,he abhorr$ ! old political economy1 :i* he def9$ z ! pr(ess$ & organiz$ pursuit ( money4 ,in/ead ( consid]+ m]ely ! "q ( ! production & di/ribution ( articles1 8 int]e/ lay 9 ! causes necess>y to produce heal?y1 happy workm54 ,x seem$ to him t ! manufacture ( s\ls ought to be exce$+ly lucrative4 ,?is /atem5t & 8 maxim1 ,!re is no weal? b life1 7 call$ unsci5tific4 ,9 8 f9e book ( essays1 entitl$ ,sesame & ,lilies 7#ahfd71 he actually _h pr9t$ 9 r$ ^? pa!tic pages describ+ h[ an old cobbl] & 8 son work$ night & day to try to keep a little home ( "o room1 until ! fa!r di$ f exhau/ion & ! son _h a film come ov] 8 eyes4 ,john ,rusk91 social re=m]1 has an important place 9 ! social movem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,_m ( 8 !ories1 :i* 7 consid]$ revolution>y1 h s9ce become ! commonplace expressions ( tw5tie?-c5tury social economi/s4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,rusk9 0 a *ampion ( ! ,pre-,raphaelite s*ool ( art4 ,he us$ 8 p[]ful influ5ce to free art f its conv5tional fett]s & to s5d p direct to nature = c>eful lov+ /udy ( h] beautiful =ms4 ,8 *ief /r5g? lies 9 8 moral en?usiasm & 8 love ( ! beautiful 9 nature4 ,l 8 ma/]1 ,c>lyle1 ,rusk9 is a great e?ical tea*]2 b he aim$ at m def9ite results 9 ! re=mation ( art & ( social life4 ,he moraliz$ art & humaniz$ political economy4 ,"s ( 8 art criticisms & social !ories are fanciful1 n>r[1 & sometimes ev5 absurd4 ,he did n seem to recognize ) suffici5t cle>ness ! fact t immoral individuals might produce great works ( art2 b no "o c successfully assail 8 ma9 cont5tion t !re mu/ be a connection betwe5 great art & ! moral condition ( a p4 ,8 rejection ( railroads & /eam ma*9]y z necess>y factors 9 mod]n civilization caus$ _m to pay little att5tion to any ( 8 social !ories4 ,mu* ( ! gospel t he prea*$ has1 h[ev]1 be5 accept$ by ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,he 0 9 advance ( 8 "t :5 he said 9 #ahgj t ! object ( 8 art pr(essor%ip w\ld be accompli%$ if ! ,engli% nation c\ld be made to und]/& t ! beauty :i* is inde$ to be a joy =ev] mu/ be a joy = all4 ,at ! age ( fifty-eight1 he ?us summ$ up ! pr9cipal "w ( 8 life3-- ,mod]n ,pa9t]s taught ! claim ( all l[] nature on ! he>ts ( m52 ( ! rock1 & wave1 & h]b1 z a "p ( _! necess>y _s life444 ,! ,/ories ( ,v5ice taught ! laws ( con/ructive ,art1 & ! dep5d5ce ( all human "w or edifice1 = its beauty1 on ! happy life ( ! workman4 ,"u ?is ,la/ taught ! laws ( t life itself & its dep5d5ce on ! ,sun ( ,ju/ice2 ! ,inaugural ,ox=d ,lectures1 ! necessity t x %\ld be l$1 & ! graci\s laws ( beauty & labor recogniz$1 by ! upp]1 no less ?an ! l[] classes ( ,engl&2 &1 la/ly1 ,=s ,clavig]a has decl>$ ! relation ( ^! to ea* o!r1 & ! only possible conditions ( peace & honor1 = l[ & high1 ri* & poor444 ,rusk9 has writt5 rem>kable descriptive prose4 ,a sev]e ,engli% critic1 ,george ,sa9tsbury1 says ( ,rusk9's works 444!y w he f\nd to conta9 ! v f9e/ prose 7)\t exception & beyond comp>ison7 :i* has be5 writt5 9 ,engli% dur+ ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury444 ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice 444 is ! book ( descriptive prose 9 ,engli%1 & all o!rs toil aft] x 9 va94 ,rusk9 c\ld be sev]ely pla9 9 expression1 b mu* ( 8 e>li] prose is ornate & almo/ poetic4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! ,rhone des]ves to be rank$ ) ! pa9t]'s art3-- ,!re 7 pieces ( wave t danc$ all day z if ,p]dita 7 look+ on to le>n2 !re 7 little /reams t skipp$ l lambs & leap$ l *amois2 !re 7 pools t %ook ! sun%9e all ?r\gh !m1 & 7 rippl$ 9 lay]s ( ov]laid ripples1 l cry/al s&2 "h 7 curr5ts t twi/$ ! light into gold5 braids1 & inlaid ! ?reads ) turquoise enamel2 !re 7 /rips ( /ream t _h c]ta9ly above ! lake be5 mill /reams1 & 7 busily look+ = mills to turn aga94#aj ,,*>les ,,dick5s1 #ahab-ahgj ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,dick5s4 ,f a photograph tak5 9 ,am]ica1 #ahfh4 ,life4--,! fir/ ( ! great ,victorian noveli/s to make 8 m>k 0 ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,?is great portray] ( *ild life _h a sad pa9ful *ildhood4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahab at ,l&port1 a di/rict ( ! city ( ,portsm\?1 ,hamp%ire1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 a cl]k 9 ! ,navy ,pay ,(fice4 ,john ,dick5s1 ! prototype ( ,mr4 ,micawb]1 0 a k9d1 well-int5tion$ man1 :o knew f> bett] h[ to h>angue 8 l>ge h\sehold ( *ildr5 ?an h[ to supply x ) ! necessities ( life4 ,he mov$ f place to place1 s9k+ deep] into pov]ty & l&+ f9ally 9 a debtors' prison4 ,! dreams ( a f9e education & a brilliant c>e]1 :i* ! future noveli/ _h fondly *]i%$ 9 8 precoci\s little bra91 _h to be ab&on$4 ,at ! age ( elev5 ! delicate *ild 0 call$ ^u to d 8 "p t[>d ma9ta9+ ! family4 ,he 0 engag$1 at six-p5ce a week1 to pa/e labels on black+ bottles4 ,he 0 poorly clo!d1 ill f$1 =c$ to live 9 ! *eape/ place to be f\nd1 & to associate ) ! r\ghe/ k9d ( companions4 ,?is exp]i5ce 0 s bitt] & gall+ to ! s5sitive boy t ye>s aft]1 :5 he 0 a successful1 happy man1 he c\ld n look back ^u x )\t te>s 9 8 eyes4 ,ow+ to a rupture betwe5 8 employ] & ! eld] ,mr4 ,dick5s1 ,*>les 0 remov$ f ?is place & s5t to s*ool4 ,at fifte51 h[ev]1 he _h to seek "w aga94 ,?is "t he 0 employ$ 9 an attorney's (fice at ,gray's ,inn4 ,x 0 impossible1 ( c\rse1 = ?is ambiti\s boy to realize t he 0 receiv+ an education 9 ! dirty /reets1 ! w>eh\ses1 ! t5em5ts1 & ! prisons4 ,yet1 = 8 peculi> b5t ( m9d1 ^! furni%$ f> ri*] /ores ( le>n+ ?an ei!r s*ool or college c\ld h giv54 ,he _h m>vel\s p[]s ( obs]vation4 ,he not$ ev]y?+1 f ! saucy /reet waif to ! sorr[ful prison *ild1 f ! poor little drudge to ! brutal s*oolma/]1 & he transplant$ !m f life to fiction1 9 su* *>act]s z ,sam ,well]1 ,little ,dorrit1 ! ,m>*ioness1 ,mr4 ,sque]s1 & a hundr$ o!rs4 ,:ile 9 ! attorney's (fice1 ,dick5s began to /udy %or?&1 9 ord] to become a report]4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( 8 success4 ,8 reports 7 accurate & racy1 ev5 :5 !y happ5$ to be writt5 9 ! p\r+ ra91 9 a %ak+ /agecoa*1 or by ! light ( a lant]n4 ,!y 7 also promptly h&$ 9 at ! (fice1 despite ! fact t ! /ages sometimes broke d[n & left _! pass5g]s to plod on foot ?r\gh ! miry roads lead+ into ,london4 ,^! reports & newspap] articles soon attract$ att5tion2 & ,dick5s receiv$ an (f] = a s]ies ( humor\s sket*es1 :i* grew into ! fam\s ,pickwick ,pap]s1 & e>n$ #bj1jjj = ! a/oni%$ publi%]s4 ,he 0 able to make 8 own t]ms = 8 future novels4 ,fame came to him almo/ at a b\nd4 ,he 0 lov$ & toa/$ 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica be=e he _h rea*$ ! age ( ?irty4 ,:51 late 9 life1 he made lecture t\rs ?r\gh 8 own c\ntry1 or ?r\gh ,scotl& or ,am]ica1 !y 7 l triumphal m>*es4 ,9 8 prime ,dick5s 0 an en]getic1 high-spirit$1 fun-lov+ man4 ,he made a *>m+ ho/1 & 0 nev] happi] ?an :5 eng9e]+ !atrical ent]ta9m5ts at 8 delightful home1 ,gads ,hill4 ,he 0 e/eem$ by all ! lit]>y m5 ( ,london1 & idoliz$ by 8 *ildr5 & fri5ds4 ,z 8 /rong p]sonality 0 communicat$ to 8 audi5ces & 8 read]s1 8 dea? 9 #ahgj 0 felt z a p]sonal loss ?r\gh\t ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dick5s',s ,,home1 ,,gads ,,hill4 ,works4--,pickwick ,pap]s 7#ahcf-ahcg71 ,dick5s's fir/ long /ory1 is "o ( 8 be/4 ,mr4 ,pickwick1 ) 8 g5ial nature1 8 simple philosophy1 & 8 droll adv5tures1 & ,sam ,well]1 ) 8 ready wit1 8 acute obs]vations1 & 8 almo/ limitless res\rces1 are amus+ f />t to f9i%4 ,! book is brimful ( its au?or's high spirits4 ,x has no closely knit plot1 b m]ely a succession ( comical incid5ts1 & vivid c>icatures ( ,mr4 ,pickwick & 8 fri5ds4 ,yet ! fun is s good-natur$ & infecti\s1 & ! loos5ess ( design is s frankly decl>$ t ! book possesses a c]ta9 unity aris+ f its g5]al atmosph]e ( frolic & jollity4 ,oliv] ,twi/ 7#ahcg-ahch7 is a p[]ful /ory1 diff]+ widely f ,pickwick ,pap]s4 ,:ile ! e>li] "w is delightful *iefly = its humor1 ,oliv] ,twi/ is /rong 9 its pictures ( passion & crime4 ,bill ,sykes ! murd]]1 ,fag9 ! ,jew1 :o tea*es ! boys deftness ( h& 9 /eal+1 & poor ,nancy1 are drawn ) su* p[] t !y seem to be /ill actually liv+ 9 "s ( ,london's d>k alleys4 ,little ,oliv]1 born 9 ! poor-h\se1 clo!d by *>ity1 taught by ! evil g5ius ( ! /reets1 />v$ 9 body & s\l1 is "o ( ! _m pa!tic portraits ( *ildr5 drawn ) a sure & lov+ h& by ,dick5s4 ,!re are "s improbable features ab\t ! plot & "s ov]wr\ght s5tim5tal sc5es 9 ?is /ory4 ,dick5s revel$ 9 ! romantic & f\nd x 9 robb]s' d5s1 9 b>e pov]ty1 9 r$-h&$ crime4 ,! t\*+ pa?os & ?rill+ adv5tures ( ,oliv] ,twi/ make a /rong appeal to ! read]'s emotions4 ,) ! prodigality ( a f]tile g5ius1 ,dick5s pres5t$ 8 expectant & en?usia/ic public ) a new novel on an av]age ( once a ye> = f\rte5 ye>s2 &1 ev5 aft] t1 8 productivity did n fall (f mat]ially4 ,! be/ & mo/ repres5tative ( ^! works are ,ni*olas ,nickleby 7#ahch-ahci71 ,b>naby ,rudge 7#ahda71 ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit 7#ahdc-ahdd71 ,dombey & ,son 7#ahdf-ahdh71 ,david ,copp]field 7#ahdi-ahej71 ,bleak ,h\se 7#aheb-ahec71 ,h>d ,times 7#ahed71 ,a ,tale ( ,two ,cities 7#ahei71 & ,our ,mutual ,fri5d 7#ahfd74 ,( ^!1 ,david ,copp]field is at once ,dick5s's favorite "w & ! "o :i* ! _w acclaims z 8 ma/]piece4 ,! novel is 9 "p an autobiography4 ,"s incid5ts are tak5 directly f ,dick5s's e>ly exp]i5ces & into _m m ( ,david's *ildi% sorr[s1 boyi% dreams1 & manly purposes1 ,dick5s has brea!d ! brea? ( 8 own life4 ,david ,copp]field is ?us a vitally int]e/+ & liv+ "*4 ,! book conta9s _m ( ,dick5s's mo/ human m5 & wom54 ,pett$ ,little ,em'ly ) h] pa!tic trag$y is h&l$ ) deep sympa?y & true arti/ic delicacy4 ,peggotty & ,mrs4 ,/e]=? are admirably drawn & contra/$4 ,mrs4 ,gummidge's ?\ghtful c>e ( ,peggotty exhibits ,dick5s's f9e p]ception ( ! self-sacrific+ _s among ! v poor4 ,uriah ,heep rema9s ! type ( ! humble sycophant1 & ,mr4 ,micawb]1 ! repres5tative ( ! man ( big words & pomp\s mann]s4 ,^! v>i\s *>act]s & sep>ate life hi/ories are b\nd 9 same way to ! c5tral /ory ( ,david4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,engl& has produc$ no m popul> noveli/ ?an ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,8 novels (f] s\nd & heal?y ent]ta9m5t1 he>ty laught]1 a wide range ( emotions1 & a wond]ful array ( p]sonalities4 ,he pres5ts ! univ]sal physical exp]i5ces ( life t are und]/ood by all m51 & irradiates ?is life ) emotion & romance4 ,he keeps 8 read]s 9 an active /ate ( feel+4 ,!y laugh at ! broad humor 9 ,sam ,well]'s jokes2 !y *uckle ov] ! sly exposure ( ,mr4 ,pecksniff 9 ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit2 !y weep 9 ,dombey & ,son ov] poor ,paul cramm$ ) gr[n-up le>n+ :5 he want$ to be j a *ild2 !y rejoice ov] ,david ,copp]field's escape f 8 /epfa!r into ! lov+ arms ( :imsical1 clev] ,aunt ,betsey ,trotwood2 !y %iv] ) horror 9 ,our ,mutual ,fri5d dur+ ! se>* = float+ corpses on ! d>k riv]2 & !y feel m k9dly t[>d ! :ole _w aft] read+ ,a ,*ri/mas ,c>ol & tak+ ,t9y ,tim into _! he>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,ms4 ,,( ,a ,,*ri/mas ,,c>ol4 ,dick5s excels 9 ! portrayal ( humanity born & re>$ 9 pov]ty & disease4 ,he grasps ! h& ( ^! un=tunates 9 a bro!r's clasp4 ,he says 9 effect ,i pres5t to y my fri5ds1 ! begg>1 ! ?ief1 ! outca/4 ,!y are m5 wor? kn[+4 ,he does n probe philosophically into complex causes ( pov]ty & crime4 ,8 social cre$ 0 well =mulat$ by ,d[d5 9 ^! words3 ,bani% f e>? "s few mon/]s ( selfi%ness1 malignity1 & hypocrisy1 set to rights a few obvi\s imp]fections 9 ! ma*9]y ( society1 inspire all m5 ) a *e]y b5evol5ce1 & ev]y?+ w g well ) ?is excell5t _w ( ours4 ,e /ud5t ( ! sci5ce ( society1 h[ev]1 owes a debt to ,dick5s4 ,he did :at no sci5ce or k or logic c d alone4 ,he rea*$ ! he>t1 awoke ! consci5ce1 & pi]c$ ! obtus5ess ( ! public4 ,he ar\s$ its prote/s because 8 g5ius pa9t$ prisons & hovels & d5s ( vice s vividly t 8 read]s actually suff]$ f ! sc5es ?us pres5t$ & want$ su* horrors aboli%$4 ,dick5s's infecti\s humor is a rem>kable & an unfail+ quality ( 8 works4 ,x p]vades entire *apt]s1 colors complete incid5ts1 & displays ! temp] ( ! optimi/ ?r\gh ! d>ke/ pictures ( human suff]+4 ,a hypocrite is an abom9ation to ,dick5s4 ,speak+ ( ,mr4 ,pecksniff 9 ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit1 ,dick5s says3 ,"s p lik5$ him to a direction-po/1 :i* is always tell+ ! way to a place1 & nev] goes !re4 ,8 humor c be fully appreciat$ only by read+ long passages1 su* z ! sc5e ( ,mr4 ,pickwick's trial1 ! descriptions ( ,mr4 ,micawb] & ( ,miss ,betsey ,trotwood1 or ! *apt] on ,podsnapp]y 9 ,our ,mutual ,fri5d4 ,dick5s's humor has an exub]ant ri*ness1 :i* conv]ts m5 & wom5 into ent]ta9+ figures ( com$y4 ,closely alli$ to 8 fund ( humor is 8 capacity = pa?os1 especially manife/ 9 8 treatm5t ( *ildhood4 ,dick5s has a l>ge gall]y ( *ildr5's portraits1 fondly & sympa!tically execut$4 ,david ,copp]field1 endur+ ,mr4 ,murd/one's cruel neglect1 ,flor5ce ,dombey p9+ = h] fa!r's love1 ! ,m>*ioness />v+ ^u cold potatoes1 ,tom & ,l\ise ,gradgr9d1 /uff$ ) facts & all[$ no innoc5t amusem5t1 & ! waifs ( ,tom's-,all-,alone dy+ f abject pov]ty & disease1 are only a few ( ! sad-ey$ *ildr5 pe]+ f ! pages ( ,dick5s & ye>n+ = love & und]/&+4 ,he wr+s ! he>t2 b1 happily1 8 books h improv$ ! conditions ( *ildr51 n only 9 public asylums1 factories1 & c\rts1 b also 9 s*ools & homes4 ,dick5s's *ief faults arise f an excess ( s5sibility & humor4 ,8 s(t he>t & romantic _s lead him to exagg]ate4 ,9 su* passages z ! dea? ( ,little ,nell 9 ,! ,old ,curiosity ,%op & ! int]views betwe5 ,dora & ,david 9 ,david ,copp]field1 ,dick5s becomes mawki% & s5tim5tal4 ,:ile 8 p[] ( portraiture is amaz+1 he (t5 ov]leaps ! l9e ( "* draw+ & makes side-splitt+ c>icatures ( 8 m5 & wom54 ,!y are rememb]$ too (t5 by a limp or a mann]ism ( spee*1 or by "s o!r little peculi>ity1 in/ead ( by _! human weaknesses & accompli%m5ts4 ,dick5s is n a ma/] 9 ! arti/ic con/ruction ( 8 plots4 ,! majority ( 8 read]s d n1 h[ev]1 notice ?is fail+ because he keeps !m 9 su* a delightful /ate ( int]e/ & susp5se by ! sprightl9ess ) :i* he tells a /ory4 ,he 0 a v rapid writ]1 & 8 ,engli% is consequ5tly (t5 c>eless 9 /ructure & 9 gramm>4 ,z he 0 n a man ( books1 he nev] acquir$ t half-unconsci\s k ( f9e phras+ :i* comes to ! c>eful /ud5t ( lit]ature4 ,no noveli/ has1 h[ev]1 told m graphically su* appeal+ /ories ( helpless *ildhood & ( ! poor & ! outca/4 ,,william ,,makepeace ,,?ack]ay1 #ahaa-ahfc ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,makepeace ,,?ack]ay4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,samuel ,laur5ce1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,?\gh ne>ly a ye> old] ?an ,dick5s1 ,?ack]ay made 8 way to popul>ity mu* m sl[ly4 ,^! two m51 :o became fri5ds & g5]\s rivals1 7 v diff]5t 9 "* & disposition4 ,in/ead ( possess+ ! self-confid5ce1 en]gy1 & indu/ry t br\ght ,dick5s fame 9 8 y\?1 ,?ack]ay _h to cont5d ) a some:at %y & vacillat+ temp]am5t1 ) extreme mode/y1 & ) a con/itutional av]sion to "w4 ,born 9 ,calcutta 9 #ahaa1 he 0 s5t to ,engl& to be educat$4 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ,*>t] ,h\se & w5t "o ye> to ,cambridge4 ,he 0 rememb]$ by 8 s*ool fri5ds = 8 skill 9 c>icature sket*+4 ,he hop$ to make pa9t+ a pr(ession & w5t to ,p>is to /udy2 b he nev] atta9$ correctness 9 draw+1 & :5 he (f]$ to illu/rate ! works ( ,dick5s1 ! (f] 0 decl9$4 ,?ack]ay c]ta9ly add$ to ! *>m ( 8 own writ+s by 8 droll & delightful illu/rations4 ,:5 ,?ack]ay came ( age 9 #ahcb1 he inh]it$ a small =tune1 :i* he soon lo/ 9 an ,indian bank & 9 newspap] inve/m5ts4 ,he 0 !n =c$ to ov]come 8 idle1 procra/9at+ habits4 ,he became a lit]>y hack1 & contribut$ humor\s articles to su* magaz9es z ,fras] & ,pun*4 ,:ile 8 p5 0 caus+ mir? & laught] 9 ,engl&1 8 he>t 0 torn by suff]+4 ,8 wife1 :om he _h m>ri$ 9 #ahcg1 became insane4 ,he nurs$ h] pati5tly ) ! va9 hope t %e c\ld recov]2 b he f9ally ab&on$ hope & put h] 9 ! c>e ( a consci5ti\s att5dant4 ,8 home 0 consequ5tly lonely1 & ! club 0 8 only rec\rse4 ,"h1 8 broad %\ld]s & k9dly face 7 always greet$ ) pleasure2 = 8 affable mann]s & 8 sp>kl+ humor1 :i* conceal$ an a*+ he>t1 made him a *>m+ companion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>icature ,,( ,,?ack]ay ,,by ,,himself4 ,x is pleasant to "k t ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life 7 happi]4 ,!y 7 *e]$ by ! pres5ce ( 8 daught]s1 & 7 free f f9ancial worries4 ,he _h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t1 ?r\gh ! sales ( 8 book2 & ! returns f 8 lectures1 he _h recov]$ 8 lo/ =tune4 ,novels4--,vanity ,fair 7#ahdg-ahdh7 is ,?ack]ay's ma/]piece4 ,= ! lifelik5ess ( its *>act]s1 x is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable creations 9 fiction4 ,?ack]ay call$ ?is "w ,a ,novel )\t a ,h]o4 ,he might h add$ & )\t a h]o9e2 = nei!r clev] ,becky ,%>p nor beautiful ,amelia ,s$ley satisfies ! requirem5ts = a h]o9e4 ,no p]fect *>act]s appe> 9 ! book1 b x is enliv5$ ) an abundance ( g5u9e human nature4 ,few p g ?r\gh life )\t meet+ a ,george ,osborne1 a ,mrs4 ,bute ,crawley1 or a ,mrs4 ,s$ley4 ,ev5 a p5uri\s1 ridicul\s1 old ,sir ,pitt ,crawley is sometimes se54 ,! greate/ /roke ( g5ius 9 ! book1 h[ev]1 is ! ma/]ly portrayal ( ! artful1 s*em+ ,becky ,%>p1 :o alt]nately comm&s respect = h] %rewdness & repels by h] moral depravity4 ,9 ,vanity ,fair c]ta9 classes ( society are satiriz$4 ,_! intrigues1 frivolities1 & caprices are m]cilessly dealt )4 ,?ack]ay probes almo/ e weakness1 vanity1 or ambition t leads humanity to /rive = a place 9 society1 to long = a b[ f a "l1 & to /9t 9 private 9 ord] to %9e 9 public4 ,he uncov]s ! great social f>ce ( life1 :i* is act$ ) su* solemn gravity by ! snobs1 ! hypocrites1 & ! o!r sup]ficial dramatis p]sonae4 ,amid ^! satiriz$ frivolities !re appe> occasional t\*es ( true pa?os & deep human trag$y1 :i* are /rangely effective 9 _! unsympa!tic surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ack]ay',s ,,home ,,:]e ,,vanity ,,fair ,,0 ,,writt54 ,?ack]ay gives 9 ,h5ry ,esmond 7#aheb7 an endur+ picture ( high life 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?is "w is "o ( ! great hi/orical novels 9 our language4 ,! "t ( que5 ,anne is recon/ruct$ ) rem>kable skill4 ,! social etiquette1 ! ideals ( honor1 ! life & _s ( t bygone day1 reappe> ) a p[]ful vividness4 ,?ack]ay ev5 w5t s f> z to disguise 8 own natural1 graceful /yle1 & to imitate eighte5?-c5tury prose4 ,h5ry ,esmond is a dang]\s rival ( ,vanity ,fair4 ,! e>li] "w has a fre%ness ( humor & a spontaneity ( mann] t are n s app>5t 9 ,h5ry ,esmond4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,esmond has a sup]ior plot & possesses a true h]o4 ,9 ,! ,newcomes 7#ahed-ahee71 ,?ack]ay exhibits aga9 8 incisive p[] ( del9eat+ "*4 ,?is book w\ld cont9ue to live if = no?+ except ! simple-he>t$1 c\rtly ,colonel ,newcome4 ,few sc5es 9 ,engli% fiction are m affect+ ?an ^? connect$ ) 8 dea?4 ,! accompany+ l9es w %[ :at a simple pa?os ,?ack]ay c\ld comm&3-- ,at ! usual ev5+ h\r ! *apel bell beg9 to toll1 & ,?omas ,newcome's h&s outside ! b$ feebly beat "t--& j z ! la/ bell /ruck1 a peculi> sweet smile %one ov] 8 face1 & he lift$ up 8 head a little1 & quickly said1 ',adsum'--& fell back4 ,x 0 ! ^w we us$ at s*ool :5 names 7 call$2 &1 lo6 he ^: he>t 0 z t ( a little *ild _h answ]$ to 8 "n1 & /ood 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,ma/]6 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,p5d5nis 7#ahdi7 & ,! ,virg9ians 7#aheg-ahei7 are bo? popul> novels & take rank inf]ior only to ! au?or's ?ree greate/ works4 ,! ,virg9ians is a sequel to ,esmond1 & c>ries ! ,ca/lewood family ?r\gh adv5tures 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,essays4--,?ack]ay w live 9 ,engli% lit]ature z an essayi/ z well z a noveli/4 ,! ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 7#ahec7 & ,! ,f\r ,georges 7#ahfj7 are among ! mo/ delightful essays ( ! age4 ,! au?or ( ,h5ry ,esmond knew ,swift1 ,addison1 ,field+1 & ,smollett1 almo/ z "o kn[s ! m5tal peculi>ities ( an intimate fri5d4 ,9 ,! ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ,?ack]ay writes ( _! conv]sations1 foibles1 & /rong po9ts ( "*1 9 a mo/ easy & ent]ta9+ way4 ,!re is a con/ant *>m ab\t 8 mann]1 :i*1 )\t ef=t or display ( le>n+1 br+s ! au?ors vividly be=e ! read]4 ,9 addition to ?is pres5tation ( "*1 ! essays conta9 appreciative lit]>y criticism4 ,! ess5ce ( ! humor 9 ^! eighte5?-c5tury writ]s is di/ill$ 9 its pure/1 mo/ delicate flavor1 by ?is n9ete5?-c5tury memb] ( _! bro!rhood4 ,! ,f\r ,georges deals ) ,engl&'s cr[n$ heads 9 a satiric ve91 :i* caus$ mu* comm5t among ,?ack]ay's contempor>ies4 ,! satire is1 h[ev]1 mild & subdu$1 nev] v5om\s4 ,= example1 he says 9 ! essay on ,george ,,iii43-- ,k+ ,george's h\sehold 0 a model ( an ,engli% g5tleman's h\sehold4 ,x 0 e>ly2 x 0 k9dly2 x 0 *>itable2 x 0 frugal2 x 0 ord]ly2 x mu/ h be5 /upid to a degree :i* ,i %udd] n[ to contemplate4 ,no wond] all ! pr9ces ran away f ! lap ( t dre>y dome/ic virtue4 ,x always rose1 rode1 d9$1 at /at$ int]vals4 ,day aft] day 0 ! same4 ,at ! same h\r at night ! ,k+ kiss$ 8 daught]s' jolly *eeks2 ! ,pr9cesses kiss$ _! "m's h&2 & ,madame ,?ielke br\ght ! royal nightcap4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,dick5s & ,?ack]ay h left graphic pictures ( a l>ge portion ( contempor>y ,london life4 ,dick5s pres5ts int]e/+ pictures ( ! vagabonds1 ! outca/s1 & ! m]*ants1 & ,?ack]ay portrays ! suave1 polite leisure class & its dep5d5ts4 ,?ack]ay is an uncompromis+ reali/ & a satiri/4 ,he insi/$ ^u pictur+ life z he believ$ t x exi/$ 9 ,london society2 &1 to 8 satiric eye1 t life 0 compos$ *iefly ( ! small vanities1 ! little passions1 & ! petty qu>rels ( commonplace p1 ^: ma9 objects 7 money & title4 ,he c\ld conceive noble m5 & wom51 z is prov$ by ,esmond1 ,lady ,ca/lewood1 & ,colonel ,newcome2 b su* *>act]s are z r>e 9 ,?ack]ay z he believ$ !y 7 9 real life4 ,! foll[+ passage ^u mank9d's fickl5ess is a good specim5 ( 8 satiric ve9 9 deal+ ) human weakness3-- ,!re are no bett] satires ?an lett]s4 ,take a bundle ( y\r de> fri5d's lett]s ( t5 ye>s back--y\r de> fri5d :om y hate n[4 ,look at a pile ( y\r si/]'s6 ,h[ y clung to ea* o!r until y qu>rel$ ab\t ! tw5ty-p\nd legacy6444 ,v[s1 love promises1 confid5ce1 gratitude1--h[ que]ly !y read aft] a :ile6444,! be/ ink = ,vanity ,fair use w\ld be "o t fad$ utt]ly 9 a c\ple ( days1 & left ! pap] clean & blank1 s t y might write on x to somebody else4 ,! phases ( life t he describes h _h no m subtle int]pret]4 ,he does n label 8 *>act]s ) ext]nal m>ks1 b ent]s into communion ) _! s\ls4 ,8 analytic me?od ( lay+ b>e _! motives & actions is /rictly mod]n4 ,8 great ma/]1 ,field+1 w\ld h be5 baffl$ by su* a complex p]sonality z ,becky ,%>p4 ,amid ! ?rong ( ,?ack]ay's m5 & wom51 !re are b few :o are n g5u9e fle% & blood4 ,! art ( describ+ ! pa!tic is unfail+ 9 ,?ack]ay4 ,he nev] j>s ^u ! mo/ s5sitive feel+s nor we>ies !m by too long a treatm5t4 ,) a few simple b p[]ful expressions he succe$s 9 ar\s+ int5se emotions ( pity or sorr[4 ,he has be5 wrongly call$ a cynic2 = no man c be a cynic :o %[s ,?ack]ay's t5d]ness 9 ! treatm5t ( pa?os4 ,?ack]ay is ma/] ( a graceful1 simple prose /yle4 ,9 its ease & purity1 x mo/ resembles t ( ,swift1 ,addison1 or ,goldsmi?4 ,?ack]ay writes z a cultur$1 ideal1 old g5tleman may be imag9$ to talk to ! "y p1 :ile he sits 9 8 com=table arm*air 9 a corn] by ! fireplace4 ,! *>m ( fre%ness1 qua9tness1 & colloquial famili>ity is seldom abs5t f ! delightfully natural pages ( ,?ack]ay4 ,,george ,,eliot1 #ahai-ahhj ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,eliot4 ,f a draw+ by ,sir ,e4,w4 ,burton1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,m>y ,ann ,evans1 kn[n to h] family z ,m>ian & to h] read]s z ,george ,eliot1 0 born 9 #ahai1 at ,s\? ,f>m1 9 ,arbury1 ,w>wick%ire1 ab\t tw5ty-two miles nor? ( ,/rat=d-on-,avon4 ,a few mon?s lat]1 ! family mov$ to a spaci\s ivy-cov]$ f>mh\se at ,griff1 "s two miles ea/1 :]e ! future noveli/ liv$ until %e 0 tw5ty-two4 ,%e 0 a ?\ghtful1 precoci\s *ild4 ,%e liv$ l>gely )9 h]self1 pass$ mu* "t 9 rev]ie1 & pond]$ ^u deep problems4 ,%e easily out/ripp$ h] s*oolmates 9 all m5tal accompli%m5ts1 &1 f ! fir/1 gave evid5ce ( a cle>1 /rong intellect4 ,! dea? ( h] "m & ! m>riage ( a si/] left ! entire c>e ( ! h\se & dairy to ,m>ian be=e %e 0 sev5te5 ye>s old4 ,h] labors 7 q heavy = ! neat six ye>s4 ,at ! end ( t "t1 %e & h] fa!r mov$ to ,fole%ill1 ne> ,cov5try1 :]e %e _h ample leisure to pursue h] /udies & music4 ,at ,fole%ill1 %e came "u ! influ5ce ( free-?9k+ fri5ds & became an agno/ic1 :i* %e rema9$ ?r\gh ! re/ ( h] life4 ,?is home 0 aga9 brok5 up 9 #ahdi by ! dea? ( h] fa!r4 ,?r\gh ! advice ( fri5ds %e s\ght com=t 9 travel on ! cont95t4 ,^u h] return1 %e settl$ 9 ,london z assi/ant editor ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,by ?is "t %e _h become famili> ) five languages1 _h translat$ ab/ruse metaphysical books f ! ,g]man into ,engli%1 & _h s ?or\ghly equipp$ h] naturally /rong intellect t %e 0 s\ght aft] 9 ,london by su* m5 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,george ,h5ry ,lewes4 ,a deep atta*m5t sprang up betwe5 ,mr4 ,lewes & ,miss ,evans1 & !y =m$ an alliance t la/$ until 8 dea?4 ,george ,eliot's e>ly lit]>y labors 7 ma9ly critical & sci5tific1 be+ gov]n$ by ! circle 9 :i* %e mov$4 ,:5 %e came "u ! influ5ce ( ,mr4 ,lewes1 %e 0 induc$ to attempt creative "w4 ,h] novels1 publi%$ "u ! p5 "n ( ,george ,eliot1 quickly became popul>4 ,despite ?is success1 x is d\btful :e!r %e w\ld h possess$ suffici5t self-reliance to cont9ue h] "w )\t ,mr4 ,lewes's enc\ragem5t & protect+ love1 :i* %ield$ h] f contact ) publi%]s & f a k ( h>% criticisms4 ,_! companion%ip 0 s cong5ial t h] fri5ds 7 a/oni%$ :5 %e =m$ ano!r atta*m5t aft] 8 dea? 9 #ahgh1 & m>ri$ ,mr4 ,cross4 ,h] husb& said t h] affectionate nature requir$ "s deep love to :i* to cl+4 ,%e _h nev] be5 v robu/1 &1 dur+ h] lat] ye>s1 %e 0 extremely frail4 ,%e di$ 9 #ahhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,eliot',s ,,bir?place4 ,works4--,george ,eliot 0 fa/ approa*+ =ty :5 %e f\nd ! bran* ( lit]ature 9 :i* %e 0 to a*ieve fame4 ,h] fir/ volume ( /ories1 ,sc5es ( ,cl]ical ,life 7#aheh71 %[$ decisively t %e 0 ma/] ( fiction writ+4 ,?ree novels foll[$ rapidly1 ,adam ,b$e 7#ahei71 ,! ,mill on ! ,floss 7#ahfj71 & ,silas ,m>n] 7#ahfa74 ,h] m9d 0 /or$ ) memories ( ! ,midl& c\nties1 :]e h] "y life 0 sp5t2 & ^! f\r books pres5t ) a p[]ful realism ?is ri* rural di/rict & its qua9t inhabitants1 :o seem flu%$ ) ! w>m? ( real life4 ,adam ,b$e is ! fre%e/1 heal?ie/1 & mo/ delightful ( h] books4 ,?is /ory leaves ^u ! memory a *>m+ picture ( peace & cont5tm5t1 ) its cle>ly drawn & int]e/+ *>act]s1 its ideal dairy1 ! f]tile /ret*es ( mead[ l&s1 ! squire's bir?day p>ty1 ! h>ve/ supp]1 & ! sweet ,me?odi/ woman prea*+ on ! gre54 ,! ,mill on ! ,floss also gives a f9e picture ( village life4 ,?is novel is "o ( ,george ,eliot's mo/ e>ne/ productions4 ,%e exhibits "o side ( h] own int5se1 brood+ girlhood1 9 ! passionate h]o9e1 ,maggie ,tulliv]4 ,!re is 9 ?is tragic /ory a wond]fully subtle revelation ( a "y nature1 :i* is morbid1 ambiti\s1 quick ( intellect1 & /rong ( w1 & :i* has no h& firm en\gh to s]ve z guide at ! critical p]iod ( h] life4 ,silas ,m>n]1 arti/ically consid]$1 is ,george ,eliot's ma/]piece4 ,9 addition to ! ruddy gl[ ( life 9 ! *>act]s1 !re is an idyllic beauty ab\t ! pa/oral sett+1 & a poetic1 half my/ic *>m ab\t ! weav]'s mann] ( connect+ 8 gold ) 8 bright-hair$ ,eppie4 ,! slight plot is well plann$ & r\nd$1 & ! n>rative is rem>kable = ease & simplicity4 ,romola 7#ahfc7 is a mu* bold] flight4 ,x is an attempt to pres5t ,flor5ce ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 to contra/ ,savon>ola's ard5t ,*ri/ianity ) ! ,greek ae/heticism ( ! ,m$icis1 & to %[ ! influ5ce ( ! "t ^u two widely diff]5t *>act]s1 ,romola & ,tito ,melema4 ,?is novel is ! greate/ intellectual a*ievem5t ( its au?or2 b x has nei!r ! w>m? ( life1 nor ! vigor ( h] ,engli% /ories4 ,?\gh no pa9s is sp>$ to del9eate ,romola1 ,tito1 & ! inspir+ monk1 ,savon>ola1 yet !y d n possess ! g5u95ess & reality t are felt 9 h] ,w>wick%ire *>act]s4 ,middlem>* 7#ahga-ahgb7 & ,daniel ,d]onda 7#ahgf7 m>k$ ! decl9e ( ,george ,eliot's p[]s4 ,al?\gh %e /ill possess$ ! ability to h&le dialogue1 to analyze subtle complex *>act]s1 & to atta9 a philosophical grasp ( ! problems ( exi/5ce1 yet h] weak5+ p[]s 7 %[n 9 ! l5g? ( t$i\s passages1 9 an undue prom95ce ( e?ical purpose1 9 ! m /udi$ &1 on ! :ole1 dull] *>act]s1 & 9 ! prolixity ( /yle4 ,george ,eliot's poetry does n be> comp>ison ) h] prose4 ,! ,spani% ,gypsy 7#ahfh7 is h] mo/ ambiti\s poem1 & x conta9s "s f9e dramatic passages4 ,h] mo/ beautiful poem is ! hymn beg9n+3-- ,oh1 may ,i jo9 ! *oir invisible ,( ^? immortal dead :o live aga9 ,9 m9ds made bett] by _! pres5ce6 ,!re is a /ra9 ( noble ?\ght & l(ty feel+ 9 h] poems1 & %e rises easily to ! necess>y passion & f]vor ( v]se2 b h] expression is hamp]$ by ! metrical =m4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,george ,eliot is m /rictly mod]n 9 _s ?an ei!r ( ! o!r two great contempor>y noveli/s4 ,?is _s is exhibit$ *iefly 9 h] e?ical purpose1 h] sci5tific sympa?ies1 & h] m9ute dissection ( "*4 ,h] writ+s manife/ h] desire to b5efit human be+s by conv9c+ !m t nature's laws are inexorable1 & t an infraction ( ! moral law w be puni%$ z surely z disob$i5ce to physical laws4 ,%e /rives to ar\se p to a k ( h]$it>y influ5ces1 & to %[ h[ e de$ br+s its own results1 & works1 directly or indirectly1 t[>d ! salvation or ru9 ( ! do]4 ,%e ?r[s h] :ole /r5g? into an attempt to prove t joy is to be f\nd only 9 /rict att5dance ^u duty & 9 self-r5unciation4 ,9 ord] to c>ry home ^! s]i\s lessons ( life1 %e deals ) p[]ful human trag$ies1 :i* imp>t a somb]ness ( tone to all h] novels4 ,9 h] e>ly works %e treats ^! problems ) arti/ic beauty2 b 9 h] lat] books %e (t5 =gets ! arti/ 9 ! morali/1 & uses a "* to prea* a s]mon4 ,! analytical t5d5cy is pron\nc$ 9 ,george ,eliot's works1 :i* exhibit an exhau/ive /udy ( ! feel+s1 ! ?\ghts1 ! dreams1 & purposes ( ! *>act]s4 ,!y become kn[n m ?r\gh description ?an ?r\gh action4 ,a /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( h] m5 & wom5 is _! p[] to gr[4 ,!y d n appe> ready-made & f9i%$ at ! beg9n+ ( a /ory1 b1 l real human be+s amid ! /ruggles ( life1 !y *ange = ! bett] or ! worse4 ,tito ,melema 9 ,romola is an example ( h] skill 9 evolv+ "*4 ,at ! outset1 he is a beautiful ,greek boy ) a ke5 ze/ = pleasure4 ,8 selfi%ness1 h[ev]1 :i* betrays itself fir/ 9 +ratitude to 8 b5efactor1 leads /ep by /ep to 8 complete moral degradation4 ,! consequ5ces ( 8 de$s entangle him f9ally 9 su* a network ( lies t he is =c$ to betray e tru/ t 0 repos$ 9 him1 t he might keep himself safe4 ,george ,eliot occasionally bright5s ! s]i\sness ( h] works ) humor4 ,h] /ories are n p]meat$ ) joy\sness1 l ^? ( ,dick5s1 nor d !y ripple ) quiet amusem5t1 l ! novels ( ,?ack]ay2 b %e puts witty & aphori/ic say+s into ! conv]sations ( ! *>act]s4 ,! sc5e at ! ,ra9b[ inn is bri/l+ ) "m wit4 ,mr4 ,macey obs]ves3-- ',!re's allays two 'p9ions2 !re's ! 'p9ion a man has ( hims51 & !re's ! 'p9ion o!r folks h on him4 ,!re'd be two 'p9ions ab\t a crack$ bell if ! bell c\ld he> itself4'#aa ,great precision & s*ol>like correctness m>k ! /yle ( ,george ,eliot4 ,h] vocabul>y1 ?\gh l>ge1 is too full ( ab/ract & sci5tific t]ms to p]mit ( great flexibility & idiomatic purity ( ,engli%4 ,%e is ma/] ( p[]ful figures ( spee*1 orig9al1 epigrammatic turns ( expression1 &1 sometimes1 ( a /irr+ eloqu5ce4 ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son1 #ahej-ahid ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son4 ,f a photograph4 ,life4--,by pref]r+ romantic incid5t to ! portrayal ( "*1 ,/ev5son diff]$ f 8 great ,victorian pr$ecessors 9 ! field ( fiction4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahej 9 ! romantic city ( ,ed9burgh1 :i* he has describ$ s well 9 8 ,picturesque ,notes on ,ed9burgh4 ,be+ an invalid f e>ly *ildhood1 he 0 n s5t regul>ly to s*ool2 yet he 0 ready at ! age ( sev5te5 to ent] ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity4 ,he says ( himself t 9 college he neglect$ all ! /udies t did n appeal to him1 to read ) avidity ,engli% poetry & fiction1 ,scotti% leg5d & hi/ory4 ,dur+ 8 summ] vacations he work$ at ligh?\se eng9e]+4 ,! out-(-door life 0 j :at he lik$2 b ! (fice "w 0 irksome to him4 ,:5 f9ally he made 8 dislike kn[n1 8 fa!r1 al?\gh bitt]ly disappo9t$ at 8 son's av]sion to ! call+ foll[$ by two g5]ations ( ,/ev5sons1 nev]!less cons5t$ to a *ange2 & !y compromis$ on ! law4 ,9 #ahge ,/ev5son succe$$ 9 ga9+ admission to ! b>2 b he soon realiz$ t he w\ld nev] feel at home 9 ?is pr(ession4 ,moreov]1 he _h always want$ to be a writ]4 ,he says3-- ,all ?r\gh my boyhood & y\?444 ,i 0 always busy on my own private end1 :i* 0 to le>n to write4 ,i kept always two books 9 my pocket1 "o to read1 "o to write 94 ,z ,i walk$1 my m9d 0 busy fitt+ :at ,i saw ) appropriate words4 444,?us ,i liv$ ) words4 ,& :at ,i ?us wrote 0 = no ult]ior use2 x 0 writt5 consci\sly = practice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ev5son ,,z ,a ,,boy4 ,! next ye>1 !re=e1 he decid$ to devote himself entirely to lit]ature4 ,he 0 by h]$ity pr$ispos$ to weak lungs4 ,= ! great] "p ( 8 life he mov$ f place to place1 se>*+ = "s location t w\ld improve 8 heal? & all[ him to write4 ,he liv$ = a :ile 9 ,switz]l&1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 9 ! ,adirondack ,m\nta9s1 & 9 ,cali=nia4 ,9 #ahhj he m>ri$ 9 ,cali=nia1 ,mrs4 ,fanny ,osb\rne1 ( :om he wrote3-- ,/eel-true & blade-/raight1 ,! great artific] made my mate4 ,by a =m] m>riage %e _h a son1 :o1 at ! age ( ?irte51 inspir$ ,/ev5son to write t excit+ romance ( adv5ture1 ,treasure ,isl&1 publi%$ 9 book =m 9 #ahhc4 ,?is & ! rem>kable /ory1 ,! ,/range ,case ( ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde 7#ahhf71 made him s fam\s t :5 he visit$ ,new ,york 9 #ahhg1 a newspap] !re (f]$ him #aj1jjj = a weekly article dur+ ! ye>4 ,he pref]r$ to accept an (f] ( #cejj = twelve mon?ly articles = a magaz9e4 ,! mo/ romantic "p ( 8 life began 9 #ahhh1 :5 he *>t]$ a ya*t 9 ,san ,francisco = a cruise among ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,he _h ! en?usiasm ( a boy = ?is trip1 :i* 0 plann$ to b5efit 8 heal?4 ,almo/ z _m adv5tures befell him z ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,at "o "t ,/ev5son became s ill t he 0 left ) 8 wife on "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s :ile ! ya*t sail$ away = repairs4 ,be=e ! boat return$1 bo? 8 food & money 7 exhau/$1 & he & ,mrs4 ,/ev5son 7 =c$ to live on ! b\nty ( ! natives1 :o adopt$ him into "o ( _! tribes & gave him ! "n ( ,tusitala4 ,he w&]$ = ?ree & a half ye>s among ! isl&s ( ! ,s\!rn ,pacific1 visit+ ,au/ralia twice4 ,on "o trip he call$ at ?irty-?ree small coral isl&s1 & wrote1 ,hackney cabs h m v>iety ?an atolls4 ,he f9ally select$ = 8 resid5ce ! isl& ( ,samoa1 :]e he sp5t ! la/ ?ree & a half ye>s ( 8 life4 ,he di$ sudd5ly 9 8 =ty-fif? ye>1 & 0 buri$ on ! summit ( a ,samoan m\nta9 ne> 8 home4 ,9 #ahic he wrote to ,george ,m]$i?3-- ,9 f\rte5 ye>s ,i h n _h a day's real heal?2 ,i h wak5$ sick & gone to b$ we>y2 & ,i h done my "w unfl9*+ly4 ,i h writt5 9 b$1 & writt5 out ( x1 writt5 9 sickness1 writt5 torn by c\gh+1 writt5 :5 my head swam = weakness444 ,_m h f\nd 9 ,/ev5son's life an inspiration to ov]come ob/acles1 to cease compla9+1 & to be> a message ( good *e]4 ,^! l9es f 8 volume ( poems call$ ,und]woods 7#ahhg71 are especially *>act]i/ic3-- ,if ,i h falt]$ m or less ,9 my great task ( happ9ess2 ,if ,i h mov$ among my race ,& %[n no glori\s morn+ face2 ,if beams f happy human eyes ,h mov$ me n2 if morn+ skies1 ,books1 & my food1 & summ] ra9 ,knock$ on my sull5 he>t 9 va93-- ,"l1 ?y mo/ po9t$ pleasure take ,& /ab my _s broad awake4 ,works4--,/ev5son wrote ent]ta9+ travels1 su* z ,an ,inl& ,voyage 7#ahgh71 ! record ( a canoe j\rney f ,antw]p to ,pontoise1 ,travels ) a ,donkey ?r\gh ! ,cv5nes 7#ahgi71 & ,9 ! ,s\? ,seas 7publi%$ 9 book =m 9 #ahif74 ,e>ly 9 life he wrote _m essays1 ! be/ ( :i* are includ$ 9 ! volumes1 ,virg9ibus ,pu]isque 7,to ,girls & ,boys1 #ahha7 & ,famili> ,/udies ( ,m5 & ,books 7#ahhb74 ,valuable pap]s pres5t+ 8 views ( ! te*nique ( writ+ may be f\nd 9 ! volumes call$ ,memories & ,portraits 7#ahhg7 & ,essays 9 ! ,art ( ,writ+ 7collect$ aft] 8 dea?74 ,!re is a happy bl5d+ ( /yle1 humor1 & ?\ght 9 _m ( ^! essays4 ,p]haps ! mo/ unusual & orig9al ( all is ,*ild's ,play 7,virg9ibus ,pu]isque74 ,?is is a psy*ological /udy1 :i* reveals "o ( 8 /ronge/ *>act]i/ics1 ! p[] ( vividly recall+ ! ev5ts & feel+s ( *ildhood4 ,:5 my c\s9 & ,i took our porridge ( a morn+1 we _h a device to enliv5 ! c\rse ( ! meal4 ,he ate 8 ) sug>1 & expla9$ x to be a c\ntry cont9ually buri$ "u sn[4 ,i took m9e ) milk1 & expla9$ x to be a c\ntry suff]+ gradual inundation4 ,y c imag9e u ex*ang+ bullet9s2 h[ "h 0 an isl& /ill unsubm]g$1 "h a valley n yet cov]$ ) sn[2 444& h[1 9 f9e1 ! food 0 ( altoge!r second>y importance1 & might ev5 h be5 nause\s1 s long z we season$ x ) ^! dreams4 ,! simplicity & app>5t artlessness ( 8 ,a ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]se 7#ahhe7 h caus$ _m critics to neglect ^! poems2 b ! v]dict ( "y *ildr5 is almo/ unanim\s aga9/ su* neglect4 ,^! songs ,lead onw>d into fairy l&1 ,:]e all ! *ildr5 d9e at five1 ,& all ! play?+s come alive4 ,x is q possible t ! v]ses 9 ?is little volume may 9 ! com+ ye>s appeal to m human be+s ?an all ! rema9d] ( ,/ev5son's "w4 ,he & 8 ,am]ican contempor>y1 ,eug5e ,field 7#ahej-ahie71 _h ! peculi> g5ius to delight *ildr5 ) a type ( v]se 9 :i* only a v few poets h excell$4 ,boys & "y m5 love ,/ev5son be/ = 8 %ort /ories & romances4 ,aft] a c>eful /udy ( ,poe & ,haw?orne1 ! ,am]ican %ort /ory ma/]s1 ,/ev5son made ! ,engli% impressioni/ic %ort /ory a m arti/ic creation4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( 8 %ort /ories are ,w o' ! ,mill 7#ahgh71 ,! ,sire de ,maltroit's ,door 7#ahgh71 & ,m>kheim 7#ahhe74 ,8 be/-kn[n s+le production1 ,! ,/range ,case ( ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde1 is really a %ort /ory t pres5ts a rem>kable psy*ological /udy ( dual p]sonality4 ,! %ort /ories s]v$ z an appr5tice%ip = ! long] romances1 ( :i* ,treasure ,isl& is ! be/ con/ruct$ & ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,among a numb] ( o!r romances1 ! f\r :i* deal ) eighte5?-c5tury ,scotti% hi/ory are ! be/3 ,kidnapp$ 7#ahhf71 ,! ,ma/] ( ,ballantrae 7#ahhi71 ,david ,balf\r 7,catriona1 #ahic71 & ! unf9i%$ ,weir ( ,h]mi/on1 publi%$ two ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ed9burgh ,,memorial ,,( ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son4 ,by ,augu/us ,/4 ,c&eus4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,unlike ! majority ( ! ,victorian writ]s ( fiction1 ,/ev5son pref]r$ ! field ( romance & adv5ture4 ,x is natural to comp>e him ) ,scott1 :o %[$ a f> wid] range1 bo? 9 subject matt] & 9 ! portrayal ( human be+s4 ,/ev5son1 h[ev]1 surpass$ ,scott 9 swift del9eation ( incid5t1 9 pictorial vividness1 & 9 lit]>y =m4 ,scott da%$ (f "s ( 8 long romances 9 six weeks2 :ile ,/ev5son said t 8 pr9t]'s copy 0 sometimes ! result ( t5 times t am\nt ( writ+4 ,! ye> be=e he di$1 he sp5t ?ree weeks 9 writ+ tw5ty-f\r pages4 ,/ev5son's romances are rem>kable = arti/ic /yle1 cle>ness ( visual image1 & boyi% love ( adv5ture4 ,he made little attempt to portray m ?an ! mascul9e half ( ! human race4 ,8 simple v]ses possess r>e p[] to *>m *ildr54 ,! mo/ evid5t quality ( all 8 prose is its arti/ic f9i%4 ,,george ,,m]$i?1 #ahbh-aiji ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,m]$i?4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,george ,m]$i? 0 ! only *ild ( a ,wel% fa!r & an ,iri% "m4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahbh ov] 8 gr&fa!r's tailor %op 9 ,portsm\?1 ,hamp%ire4 ,! fa!r prov$ incompet5t 9 h&l+ ! excell5t tailor+ bus9ess to :i* he fell heir2 & he soon ab&on$ 8 son4 ,! "m di$ :5 ! boy 0 five ye>s old1 & he 0 !n c>$ = by relatives4 ,:5 he 0 f\rte51 he 0 s5t to s*ool 9 ,g]many = two ye>s2 b he did n consid] 8 s*ool+ ( mu* b5efit to him & he 0 =c$ to educate himself = 8 life's "w4 ,on 8 return to ,engl&1 he 0 articl$ to a ,london solicitor2 b by ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 ,m]$i? _h ab&on$ ! law & _h begun ! lit]>y life :i* 0 to receive 8 undivid$ att5tion = ne>ly sixty ye>s4 ,! /ruggle 0 at fir/ extremely h>d4 ,"s days1 inde$1 he is said to h liv$ on a s+le b[l ( porridge4 ,:ile foll[+ 8 "w z a noveli/1 he tri$ writ+ = p]iodicals1 s]v$ z a newspap] correspond5t1 & lat] became a lit]>y advis] = a l>ge ,london publi%+ firm4 ,9 ?is capacity1 he prov$ a sympa!tic fri5d to _m a /ruggl+ "y au?or4 ,?omas ,h>dy says t he receiv$ f ,m]$i?'s praise suffici5t enc\ragem5t to p]sev]e 9 ! field ( lit]ature4 ,m]$i?'s m>riage 9 #ahdi 0 unhappy & result$ 9 a sep>ation4 ,?ree ye>s aft] 8 wife's dea?1 :i* occurr$ 9 #ahfa1 he m>ri$ a cong5ial helpmate & w5t to live 9 ,fl9t ,cottage1 ne> ,bur=d ,bridge1 ,surrey1 :]e mo/ ( 8 rema9+ ye>s 7 sp5t4 ,n until late 9 life 7 ! returns f 8 writ+s suffici5t to relieve him f unceas+ daily toil at 8 desk4 ,he 0 widely hail$ z a lit]>y ma/] & recogniz$ z a =ce 9 fiction be=e he atta9$ f9ancial indep5d5ce4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,t5nyson1 ,m]$i? 0 elect$ presid5t ( ! ,society ( ,briti% ,au?ors4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 8 reply to ! ,:o's ,:o qu]y ab\t 8 recreations 01 a great read]1 especially ( ,fr5* lit]ature2 has 9 8 "t be5 a great walk]4 ,dur+ 8 la/ sixte5 ye>s ( life1 he suff]$ f p>tial p>alysis & 0 compell$ to ab&on ^! long walks1 :i* _h be5 a s\rce bo? ( recreation & ( heal?4 ,he di$ 9 #aiji at ! age ( eighty-"o & 0 laid beside 8 wife 9 ! ,dork+ cemet]y4 ,! foll[+ words f 8 novel1 ,vittoria1 are on 8 tomb/one3 ,life is b a little hold+1 l5t to d a mighty labor4 ,poetry4--,dur+ 8 long c>e]1 ,m]$i? wrote mu* v]se1 :i* 0 collect$ 9 #aiab 9 a volume ( #egh pages4 ,! quality ( 8 poetry is v unev54 ,9 su* exquisite poems z ,love 9 ! ,valley1 ,! ,l>k ,asc5d+1 & ,melan?us1 ! fancy & melody are arti/ically int]tw9$4 ,_m h admir$ ! felicity ( ! description & ! romance ( ! s5tim5t 9 ?is /anza f ,love 9 ! ,valley3-- ,%y z ! squirrel & wayw>d z ! swall[1 ,swift z ! swall[ along ! riv]'s light ,circlet+ ! surface to meet 8 mirror$ w+lets1 ,fleet] %e seems 9 h] /ay ?an 9 h] flight4 ,%y z ! squirrel t leaps among ! p9e-tops1 ,wayw>d z ! swall[ ov]head at set ( sun1 ,%e :om ,i love is h>d to cat* & conqu]1 ,h>d1 b ,o ! glory ( ! w9n+ 7 %e won6 ,"s ( 8 songs are pure music1 & an occasional descriptive passage 9 8 v]se %[s ! deftness ( t\* ( a skill$ lyrical poet4 ,su* poems z ,jump-to-,glory ,jane1 ,juggl+ ,j]ry1 ,! ,begg>'s ,soliloquy1 & ,! ,old ,*>ti/1 are "* sket*es ( humble folk & %[ g5u9e pa?os & humor4 ,9 8 poetry1 ,m]$i? is1 h[ev]1 m (t5 ! morali/ & philosoph] ?an ! s+] & simple n>rator4 ,he treats ( love1 life1 & dea? z metaphysical problems4 ,he pond]s ov] ! duties ( mank9d & ! greate/ s\rces ( human /r5g? & c\rage4 ,he roams ?r\gh a region t seems timeless & spaceless4 ,he neighbors ! invisible4 ,! obscurities 9 _m ( ^! poems are due to ! ab/ract nature ( ! subject matt]1 to excessive cond5sation ( ?\ght1 to frequ5t omission ( connect+ words1 & to an abundance ( figurative language4 ,novels4--,m]$i?'s novels comprise ! l>ge/ & mo/ notewor?y "p ( 8 writ+s4 ,8 mo/ important works ( fiction are ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el 7#ahei71 ,! ,egoi/ 7#ahgi71 & ,diana ( ! ,crossways 7#ahhe74 ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el is ! /ory ( a beautiful fir/ love4 ,! c\rt%ip ( ,ri*>d & ,lucy1 amid sc5es t inspire poetic descriptions1 is 9 itself a true prose lyric4 ,_! p>t+ int]view is "o ( ! mo/ p[]fully h&l$ *apt]s to be f\nd 9 ,engli% novels4 ,x is he>t-r5d+ 9 its emotional int5sity & almo/ faultless 9 expression4 ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el1 l mo/ ( ,m]$i?'s works1 conta9s m ?an a love /ory4 ,_m *apt]s ( high-class com$y & epigrammatical wit s]ve to explode a fallaci\s educational !ory4 ,! ,egoi/ has = its special aim ! portrayal & exposure ( mascul9e egotism4 ,?is 0 a favorite subject ) ,m]$i? & x recurs frequ5tly 9 8 novels4 ,! plot ( ,! ,egoi/ is slight4 ,! int]e/ is c5t]$ on ! awak5+ ( ,cl>a ,middleton & ,laetitia ,dale to ! sup]lative selfi%ness ( ,sir ,will\ghby's egotism4 ,sc9tillat+ rep>tee1 cov]t side-?ru/s1 %rewd obs]vations1 subtle innu5does1 are all us$ to assi/ 9 ! revelation ( ?is egotism4 ,"o fair ,april morn+1 aft] 8 return to ,engl& f a ?ree ye>s' abs5ce1 ,sir ,will\ghby met ,laetitia ,dale1 an e>ly swee!>t :om he no long] lov$4 ,he sprang out ( ! c>riage & seiz$ h] h&4 ',laetitia ,dale6' he said4 ,he pant$4 ',y\r "n is sweet ,engli% music6 ,& y are well8' ,! anxi\s "q p]mitt$ him to read deep 9 h] eyes4 ,he f\nd ! man he s\ght !re1 squeez$ him passionately1 & let h] g4 ,! delicate irony ( ?is passage is a mild example ( ! ri* ve9 ( humor runn+ ?r\gh ?is "w4 ,! ,egoi/ is ! mo/ ,m]$i?ian ( ! au?or's novels1 & x displays mo/ exub]antly 8 comic _s1 int5t ^u photograph+ mank9d's follies4 ,?is book has be5 call$ a com$y 9 n>rative4 ,diana1 ! h]o9e ( ,diana ( ! ,crossways1 is ! que5 ( ,m]$i?'s h]o9es4 ,%e is intellectual1 w>m-he>t$1 & c\rage\s4 ,%e ?9ks & talks brilliantly2 b :5 %e acts1 %e is (t5 c>ri$ away by ! mom5t>y impulse4 ,%e !re=e keeps ! read] alt]nately scold+ & =giv+ h]4 ,h] betrayal ( a /ate secret1 :i* _c be condon$1 rema9s ! "o flaw 9 ! plot4 ,) ?is exception1 ! /ory is absorb+4 ,! m5 & wom5 belong to ! _w ( culture4 ,among !m are "s ( ,m]$i?'s mo/ int]e/+ *>act]s1 notably ,r$wor?1 ! noble/ man 9 any ( ! novels4 ,! sc5e ( ! /ory is 9 ,london's highe/ political circle & ! discussions sp>kle ) clev]ness4 ,evan ,h>r+ton 7#ahfa71 ! /ory ( a "y tailor1 is "o ( ! lighte/ & brighte/ ( ,m]$i?'s novels4 ,x pres5ts 9 ! au?or's mo/ inimitable mann] a comic picture ( ! /ruggle = social position4 ,9 two ( ! *>act]s1 ,great ,mel & ,mrs4 ,mel1 are f\nd ! p5 portraits ( ,m]$i?'s gr&p>5ts4 ,rhoda ,flem+ 7#ahfe7 is 9 its /yle ! simple/ ( 8 novels4 ,! humble trag$y is relat$ 9 ! pla9 spee* ( ! p1 )\t ! ,gaelic wit usually *>act]i/ic ( ,m]$i?4 ,! fir/ half ( ,! ,adv5tures ( ,h>ry ,ri*mond has be5 call$ by "s critics ,m]$i?'s be/ piece ( writ+1 b ! la/ half %[s less p[]4 ,m]$i? grew m introspective 9 8 lat] ye>s1 z is %[n 9 su* long1 analytical novels z1 ,"o ( ,our ,conqu]ors 7#ahia71 ,"l ,ormont & ,8 ,am9ta 7#ahid71 & ,! ,amaz+ ,m>riage 7#ahie74 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4-,m]$i?'s novels af=d him v>i\s opportunities = an exposition ( 8 views on education1 divorce1 p]sonal lib]ty1 conv5tional n>r[-m9d$ness1 egotism1 s5tim5talism1 & ob$i5ce to law4 ,8 own p]sonality creeps into ! /ories :5 he has "s favorite s]mon to prea*2 & he sometimes taxes ! read]'s pati5ce by unduly delay+ ! n>rative or ev5 direct+ its c\rse 9 ord] to acc5tuate ! moral issue4 ,! *ief excell5ces ( 8 novels lie 9 ! /rong & subtle "* portrayal1 9 ! brilliant conv]sations1 9 ! p[] ) :i* int5se sc5es are pres5t$1 & 9 ! well-nigh omnipres5t humor4 ,m]$i?'s humor frequ5tly arises f 8 ke5 intellectual p]ception ( ! p>adoxes 9 life4 ,"o ( 8 egoti/ical lov]s1 talk+ to ! object ( 8 undy+ affections1 c\ld pl$ge himself to et]nity1 b %rank f be+ b\nd to elev5 o'clock on ! morr[ morn+4 ,m]$i? does n fly into a passion1 l ,c>lyle1 because society is s5tim5tal & %all[ & loves to pose4 ,he proce$s 9 ! coole/ mann] to draw ) unusual di/9ctness ! %all[ dilettante1 ! s5tim5tali/1 ! egoti/1 & ! hypocrite4 ,by plac+ ^! *>act]s 9 ! mid/ ( m5 & wom5 actuat$ by simple & g5u9e motives1 he develops situations t seem especially humor\s to read]s :o are al]t to detect incongruity4 ,?is veil$ humor1 :i* has be5 aptly /yl$ ! laught] ( ! m9d1 gives to ,m]$i?'s works _! mo/ di/9ctive flavor4 ,8 prose /yle is epigrammatic1 ri* 9 figures1 subtle1 sometimes tortu\s & ev5 obscure4 ,he abhors ! trite & obvi\s1 &1 9 escap+ !m to indulge 9 witty riddles1 fanciful expressions1 & difficult allusions1 he imp]ils 8 cle>ness4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( g5u9e emotion1 he is always z simple 9 /yle z he is s]i\s 9 attitude2 b !re are times :5 he seems to revel 9 ! extravagant & grotesque4 ,m]$i? is ! noveli/ ( m5 & wom5 9 ! _w ( le>n+1 ( lett]s1 & ( politics2 he is ! satiri/ ( social %ams2 & he is ! sp>kl+ epigrammati/2 b he is also ! optimi/ ) ! sane & vigor\s message = 8 g5]ation1 & ! reali/ :o keeps a g5u9e ra9b[ ( idealism 9 8 sky4 ,,?omas ,,h>dy1 #ahdj- ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,h>dy4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,w9ifr$ ,?ompson4 ,life4--,! subtle1 comic aspects ( cosmopolitan life1 :i* 7 su* a fasc9ation to ,m]$i?1 did n appeal to t somb] reali/1 ,?omas ,h>dy1 ^: g5ius enabl$ him to pa9t impressive pictures ( ! retir$ elem5tal life ( ,wessex4 ,h>dy 0 born 9 #ahdj 9 ! little village ( ,bockhampton1 ,dorset%ire1 a few miles out ( ,dor*e/]4 ,he receiv$ 8 e>ly education at ! local s*ools1 att5d$ ev5+ classes at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 & /udi$ ,go?ic ar*itecture "u ,sir ,ar?ur ,blomfield4 ,! boy 0 articl$ at ! e>ly age ( sixte5 to an ecclesia/ical ar*itect &1 l ! h]o 9 8 novel1 ,a ,pair ( ,blue ,eyes1 made draw+s & measurem5ts ( old *ur*es 9 rural ,engl& & plann$ _! remodel+4 ,he won m$als & prizes 9 ?is pr(ession be=e he turn$ f x to au?or%ip4 ,8 fir/ publi%$ "w1 ,h[ ,i ,built ,myself a ,h\se1 0 an outgr[? ( "s e>ly exp]i5ces z an ar*itect4 ,h>dy m>ri$ ,miss ,emma ,lav9ia ,gif=d 9 #ahgd & w5t to live at ,/urm9/] ,newton4 ,lat] he sp5t "s "t 9 ,london2 b he return$ f9ally to 8 bir?place1 ! l& ( 8 novels1 & built himself a home at ,max ,gate1 ,dor*e/]1 9 #ahhe4 ,8 life has be5 a retir$ "o4 ,he always %unn$ publicity1 b he 0 happy to receive 9 #aiaj ! fre$om ( 8 native t[n1 an honor be/[$ ^u him z a m>k ( love & pride4 ,works4--,?omas ,h>dy is "o ( ! greate/ reali/s 9 mod]n ,engl&1 & also "o ( ! mo/ uncompromis+ pessimi/s4 ,8 *>act]s are develop$ ) consummate skill1 b usually _! progression is t[>d failure or dea?4 ,^! m5 & wom5 are l>gely ru/ics :o subsi/ by means ( humble toil1 su* z t5d+ %eep or cutt+ furze4 ,! orbit ( _! lives is n>r[4 ,! p are simple1 primitive1 sup]/iti\s4 ,!y are only half articulate 9 ! expression ( _! emotions4 ,9 ,f> ,f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d1 = example1 ,gabriel ,oak wi%$ to h ,ba?%eba "k 8 impressions2 b he w\ld z soon h ?\ght ( c>ry+ an odor 9 a net z ( attempt+ to convey ! intangibilities ( 8 feel+s 9 ! co>se me%es ( language4 ,s he rema9$ sil5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! spee* is sometimes racy1 witty1 & flavor$ by ! daily occupation ( ! speak]4 ,! sc5es usually select$ = ,h>dy's /ories are f 8 own c\nty & ^? imm$iately adjac5t1 to :i* section ( c\ntry he has giv5 ! "n ( ,wessex4 ,he kn[s x s intimately & pa9ts x s vividly t its moors1 b>r[s1 & villages are z mu* a "p ( ! /ories z ! p dwell+ !re4 ,9 fact1 ,egdon ,hea? has be5 call$ ! pr9cipal "* 9 ! novel1 ,! ,return ( ! ,native 7#ahgh74 ,! upl& ) its %eph]d's hut1 ! %eep-%e>+ b>n1 ! h>ve/ /orm1 ! holl[ ( f]ns1 & ! *ur*y>d ) its dripp+ wat] sp\t are "p ( ! wond]ful l&scape 9 ,f> ,f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d 7#ahgd7 ,?is is ! f9e/ arti/ic product ( ,h>dy's g5ius4 ,x conta9s /rongly-drawn *>act]s1 dramatic incid5ts1 a mo/ int]e/+ /ory1 & "s homely native humor4 ,! h]o9e1 ,ba?%eba1 is "o ( ! bra9ie/ & mo/ indep5d5t ( all ,h>dy's wom54 ,%e has grave faults2 b ! tragic exp]i5ces ?r\gh :i* %e passes s(t5 h] & f9ally mold h] into a lovable woman4 ,/eady1 res\rceful1 dumb ,gabriel ,oak & clev]1 f5c+ ,s]geant ,troy are delightful foils to ea* o!r1 & are e in* human4 ,illu/ration3 ,,max ,,gate4 ,! ,home ( ,h>dy ne> ,dor*e/] 7! ,ca/]bridge ( ! ,novels74 ,! ,mayor ( ,ca/]bridge 7#ahhf7 & ,! ,woodl&]s 7#ahhf-ahhg7 des]ve m5tion ) ,f> f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d & ,! ,return ( ! ,native z compris+ ! be/ f\r novels ( ! s-call$ ,wessex /ories4 ,h>dy's lat] works exhibit an increas+ absorption 9 e?ical & religi\s problems4 ,tess ( ! ,d',urb]villes 7#ahib7 is "o ( ,h>dy's mo/ p[]ful novels4 ,x has = its h]o9e a /rong1 sweet1 appeal+ woman1 ^: lov+ "* & tragic fate are pres5t$ ) fe>less vigor & deep sympa!tic insight4 ,! p]sonal int5sity ( ! au?or1 :i* is felt to p]vade ?is book1 is pres5t aga9 9 ,jude ! ,obscure 7#ahie71 t record ( an aspir+ s\l1 /ruggl+ aga9/ hopeless odds1 heavy incumbrances1 & sordid realities4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,h>dy's novels leave a s5se ( gloom ^u ! read]4 ,he expla9s 8 view ( mod]n life z a ?+ to be put up )1 replac+ ! ze/ = exi/5ce :i* 0 s int5se 9 e>ly civilization4 ,8 pessimi/ic philosophy /rikes at ! core ( life & human endeavor4 ,sorr[ appe>s 9 8 "w1 n z a puni%m5t = crime1 b z an unavoidable result ( human life & its inevitable mi/akes4 ,ev5ts1 sometimes comic b g5]ally tragic1 play ^u ! weaknesses ( 8 *>act]s & br+ ab\t entanglem5ts1 misund]/&+s1 & suff]+ f> 9 excess ( ! des]ts ( ^! well-int5tion$ p4 ,no escape is sugge/$4 ,resignation to misfits1 mi/akes1 & mis=tune is :at rema9s4 ,h>dy is "o ( ! great ,victorian /ory-tell]s4 ,8 p]sonality is nev] obtrud$ on 8 read]s4 ,8 humor is n graft$ on 8 sc5es1 b is a natural outgr[? ( 8 ru/ic ga!r+s & conv]sations4 ,he relates a /raight=w>d tale1 & makes 8 *>act]s act & speak = !mselves4 ,he selects ! human nature1 ! rural sc5e1 & ! moral issue ^u :i* 8 :ole be+ c be c5t]$4 ,! result is a c]ta9ty ( design1 a somb]ness ( atmosph]e1 & an int5sity ( feel+1 su* z are f\nd 9 elegiac poetry4 ,natural laws1 physical nature1 & human life are engag$ 9 an unev5 /ruggle1 & ! result is usually unsatisfactory = human life4 ,! novels are pitilessly sad1 b !y are nev]!less products ( a g5u9e arti/ 9 temp]am5t & te*nique4 ,8 novels %[ almo/ z mu* unity ( plot & mood z _m ( ! greate/ %ort /ories4 ,,mat!w ,,arnold1 #ahbb-ahhh ,illu/ration3 ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 ,f ! pa9t+ ( ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,mat!w ,arnold1 ,rob]t ,br[n+1 ,alfr$ ,t5nyson1 ,a4,c4 ,sw9burne1 & ! mu* y\ng] ,rudy>d ,kipl+ are ! mo/ not$ among a l>ge numb] ( ,victorian poets4 ,all ( ^!1 ) ! exception ( ! two greate/1 ,br[n+ & ,t5nyson1 also wrote prose4 ,mat!w ,arnold 0 born 9 #ahbb1 at ,laleham1 ,middlesex4 ,8 fa!r1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,arnold1 0 ! em95t head ma/] ( ,rugby ,s*ool1 & ! au?or ( ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 ,lectures on ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 & ,s]mons4 ,"u ! guidance ( su* a fa!r1 ,mat!w ,arnold enjoy$ unusual educational advantages4 ,9 #ahcg he ent]$ ,rugby1 & f !re w5t to ,baliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,he 0 s ambiti\s & /udi\s t he won two prizes at ,ox=d1 0 graduat$ ) honors1 &1 a ye> lat]1 0 elect$ fell[ ( ,oriel ,college4 ,arnold's "n1 l ,?omas ,gray's1 is associat$ ) univ]sity life4 ,f #ahdg to #ahea1 ,arnold 0 private secret>y to ,"l ,lansd[ne4 ,9 #ahea he m>ri$ ! daught] ( ,ju/ice ,wightman4 ,aft] rel9qui%+ 8 secret>y%ip1 ,arnold accept$ a position t took him aga9 into educational fields4 ,he 0 made lay inspector ( s*ools1 a position :i* he held to )9 two ye>s ( 8 dea?4 ,?is (fice call$ = mu* /udy 9 me?ods ( education1 & he visit$ ! cont95t ?ree times to inve/igate ! sy/ems 9 use !re4 ,9 addition1 he held ! *air ( poetry at ,ox=d = t5 ye>s1 betwe5 #aheg & #ahfg4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s*ol>ly c\rses ( lectures t he deliv]$ !re 0 ,on ,translat+ ,hom]4 ,f ?is "t until 8 dea?1 9 #ahhh1 he 0 a di/+ui%$ figure 9 ,engli% educational & lit]>y circles4 ,poetical ,works4--,mat!w ,arnold's poetry belongs to ! middle ( ! c5tury1 t season ( d\bt1 p]plexity1 & unre/1 :5 ! /rife betwe5 ! *ur* & sci5ce 0 bitt]e/ & ea* ?reat5$ to ov]?r[ ! o!r4 ,9 8 home1 ,arnold 0 taught a dev\t fai? 9 reveal$ religion1 & at college he 0 ?r[n ^u a _w ( inquir+ d\bt4 ,bo? influ5ces 7 /rong4 ,8 feel+s ye>n$ aft] ! e>ly fai?1 & 8 intellect /]nly dem&$ sci5tific pro( & explanation4 ,he 01 !re=e1 torn by a conflict betwe5 8 emotions & reason1 & he 0 ?us em95tly fitt$ to be ! poetic expon5t ( :at he calls-- 444?is /range disease ( mod]n life1 ,) its sick hurry1 its divid$ aims1 ,its heads o'ertax$1 its palsi$ he>ts4#ab ,arnold felt t !re 7 too mu* hurry & excitem5t 9 ! age4 ,9 ! mid/ ( oppos+ factions1 !ories1 & beliefs1 he cries out = re/ & peace4 ,we ru% f %ad[ to %ad[-- ,& nev] once possess our s\l ,be=e we die4#ac ,aga91 9 ! ,/anzas 9 ,memory ( ! ,au?or ( ,ob]mann1 he voices ! unre/ ( ! age-- ,:at %elt] to gr[ ripe is ours8 ,:at leisure to gr[ wise8 ,l *ildr5 ba?+ on ! %ore1 ,buri$ a wave b5ea?1 ,! second wave succe$s1 be=e ,we h _h "t to brea!4 ,b ,arnold is n ! se] to tell u h[ to ent] ! vale ( re/1 h[ to answ] ! voice ( d\bt4 ,he passes ?r\gh life a lonely figure-- ,w&]+ betwe5 two worlds1 "o dead1 ,! o!r p[]less to be born4 #ad ,! only cre$ t he (f]s humanity is "o born ( ! sci5tific temp]1 a cre$ ( /oical endurance & unsw]v+ allegiance to ! voice ( duty4 ,_m read]s miss 9 ,arnold ! solace t !y f9d 9 ,wordswor? & ! tonic fai? t is omnipres5t 9 ,br[n+4 ,arnold himself 0 n :olly satisfi$ ) 8 cre$2 b 8 cool reason refus$ him ! solace ( an unque/ion+ fai?4 ,arnold has be5 call$ ! poet ( ! ,univ]sities1 because ( ! reflective s*ol>ly ?\ght 9 8 v]se4 ,x brea!s ! atmosph]e ( books & ( ! /udy4 ,su* poetry _c appeal to ! masses4 ,x is = ! ?9k]4 ,! /yle ( v]se t l5ds itself be/ to ,arnold's g5ius is ! elegiac lyric4 ,! ,s*ol> ,gypsy & its companion piece ,?yrsis1 ,memorial ,v]ses1 ,/anzas f ! ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 & ,/anzas 9 ,memory ( ! ,au?or ( ,ob]mann are "s ( 8 be/ elegies4 ,sohrab & ,ru/am & ,bald] ,dead are ,arnold's f9e/ n>rative poems4 ,!y are /ately1 dignifi$ recitals ( ! de$s ( h]oes & gods4 ,! s]ies ( poems entitl$ ,switz]l& & ,dov] ,bea* are among ,arnold's mo/ beautiful lyrics4 ,a f9e description ( ! surf is conta9$ 9 ! la/-nam$ poem3-- ,li/56 y he> ! grat+ ro> ,( pebbles :i* ! waves draw back1 & fl+1 ,at _! return1 up ! high /r&1 ,beg91 & cease1 & !n aga9 beg91 ,) tremul\s cad5ce sl[1 & br+ ,! et]nal note ( sadness 94 ,nei!r ! movem5t ( ! n>rative nor ! lightness ( ! lyric is :olly cong5ial to ,arnold's introspective melan*oly muse4 ,prose ,works4--,al?\gh ,arnold's fir/ works 7 9 poetry1 he won recognition z a prose writ] be=e he 0 widely kn[n z a poet4 ,8 works 9 prose comprise su* subjects z lit]>y criticism1 education1 !ology1 & social e?ics4 ,z a critic ( lit]ature1 he surpasses all 8 great contempor>ies4 ,nei!r ,macaulay nor ,c>lyle possess$ ! critical acum51 ! ta/e1 ana ! cultivat$ judgm5t ( lit]>y works1 9 su* fullness z ,mat!w ,arnold4 ,8 greate/ contributions to critical lit]ature are ! v>i\s magaz9e articles t 7 collect$ 9 ! two volumes entitl$ ,essays 9 ,criticism 7#ahfe-ahhh74 ,9 ^! essays ,arnold displays great bread? ( culture & fairness ( m9d4 ,he rises sup]ior to ! n>r[ prov9cialism & racial prejudices t he deprecates 9 o!r criticisms ( lit]ature4 ,he gives ! same sympa!tic consid]ation to ! ,g]man ,he9e & ! ,fr5*man ,j\b]t z to ,wordswor?4 ,arnold fur!r insi/s t ,fr5*m5 %\ld /udy ,engli% lit]ature = its s]i\s e?ical _s1 & t ,engli%m5 w\ld be b5efit$ by a /udy ( ! lightness1 precision1 & poli%$ =m ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,arnold's object 9 all 8 criticism is to discov] ! be/ 9 bo? prose & poetry1 & 8 me?od ( atta9+ ?is object is ano!r illu/ration ( 8 s*ol>%ip & m5tal rea*4 ,he says 9 8 ,introduction to ,w>d's ,engli% ,poets3-- ,inde$1 !re c be no m useful help = discov]+ :at poetry belongs to ! class ( ! truly excell5t1 & c !re=e d u mo/ good1 ?an to h always 9 "o's m9d l9es & expressions ( ! great ma/]s1 & to apply !m z a t\*/one to o!r poetry4 ,:5 ,arnold seeks to det]m9e an au?or's true place 9 lit]ature1 8 ke5 critical eye seems to see at a glance all ! _w's great writ]s1 & to comp>e !m ) ! man "u discussion4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ,wordswor?'s lit]>y /ature1 = example1 ,arnold measures ! height ( ,wordswor? by t ( ,hom]1 ( ,dante1 ( ,%akespe>e1 & ( ,milton4 ,ano!r ess5tial quality ( ! critical m9d t ,arnold possess$ is sweet reasonabl5ess4 ,8 judgm5ts ( m5 are m>k$ by a mod]ation ( tune4 ,8 /rong pr$ilections are sometimes %[n1 b !y are m (t5 re/ra9$ by a cle>1 hone/ intellect4 ,arnold's calm1 measur$ criticisms are n m>r$ by su* /\t p>tisan%ip z ,macaulay %[s = ! ,:igs1 by ! h]o wor%ip t ,c>lyle expresses1 or by ! exagg]at$ praise & blame t ,rusk9 sometimes be/[s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,arnold loses :at ^! m5 ga92 = :ile 8 intellect is less bias$ ?an !irs1 x is also less color$ & less w>m$ by ! gl[ ( feel+4 ,! analytical quality ( ,arnold's m9d %[s ! _s ( ! age4 ,8 subjects are m9utely classifi$ & def9$4 ,facts seem to divide naturally into brigades1 regim5ts1 & battalions ( m>*+ ord]4 ,8 lit]>y criticisms note subtleties ( /yle1 delicate %ad+s 9 expression1 & _m te*nical excell5ces & errors t ,c>lyle w\ld h pass$ ov] unhe$$4 ,9 addition to ! ,essays 9 ,criticism1 ! o!r works ( ,arnold t possess 8 f9e critical dualities 9 highe/ degree are ,on ,translat+ ,hom] 7#ahfa7 & ,! ,/udy ( ,celtic ,lit]ature 7#ahfg74 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,! impression t ,arnold has left ^u lit]ature is ma9ly t ( a ke51 brilliant intellect4 ,9 8 poetry !re is m emotion ?an 9 8 prose2 b ev5 9 8 poetry !re is no passion or fire4 ,! sadness1 ! lonel9ess1 ! unre/ ( life1 & ! irreconcilable conflict betwe5 fai? & d\bt are mo/ (t5 ! subjects ( 8 v]se4 ,8 range is n>r[1 b )9 x he atta9s a pure1 noble beauty4 ,8 introspective1 analytical poetry is di/+ui%$ by a maje/y ( grief1 dep? ( ?\ght1 calm1 classic repose1 & a dignifi$ simplicity4 ,9 prose1 ,arnold atta9s highe/ rank z a critic ( lit]ature4 ,8 culture1 ! bread? ( 8 lit]>y sympa?ies1 8 sci5tific analyses1 & 8 lucid lit]>y /yle make 8 critical works ! greate/ ( 8 age4 ,he has a light1 r fanciful1 humor1 :i* gives snap & spice to 8 /yle4 ,he is also a ma/] ( irony1 :i* is gall+ to an oppon5t4 ,he himself nev] loses 8 suavity or good bre$+4 ,arnold's prose /yle is z f> remov$ f ,c>lyle's z ! calm simplicity ( ! ,greeks is f ! p[]ful passion ( ! ,vik+s4 ,! ornam5t & poetic ri*ness ( ,rusk9's /yle are also miss+ 9 ,arnold's4 ,8 /yle has a classic purity & ref9em5t4 ,he has a t]s5ess1 a cry/all9e cle>ness1 & a precision t h be5 excell$ 9 ! works ( few ev5 ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( ,engli% prose4 ,,rob]t ,,br[n+1 #ahab-ahhi ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,br[n+4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,life4--,! long & peaceful lives ( ,br[n+ & ,t5nyson1 ! two mo/ em95t poets ( ! ,victorian age1 are 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! %ort & tr\bl$ c>e]s ( ,byron1 ,%elley1 & ,keats4 ,rob]t ,br[n+'s life 0 unev5tful b happy4 ,he inh]it$ a magnific5t physique & con/itution f 8 fa!r1 :o nev] knew a day's illness4 ,) su* heal?1 ,rob]t ,br[n+ felt a ke5 reli% = physical exi/5ce & a robu/ joy\sness 9 all k9ds ( activity4 ,late 9 life he wrote1 9 ! poem ,at ! ,m]maid3-- ,h y f\nd y\r life di/a/eful8 ,my life did1 & does1 smack sweet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i f9d e>? n gray b rosy1 ,heav5 n grim b fair ( hue4 ,d ,i /oop8 ,i pluck a posy4 ,d ,i /& & />e8 ,all's blue4 ,aga91 9 ,saul1 he bur/ =? ) ! l9es3-- ,h[ good is man's life1 ! m]e liv+6 h[ fit to employ ,all ! he>t & ! s\l & ! s5ses =ev] 9 joy8 ,^! l9es1 vibrant ) life & joy1 c\ld n h be5 writt5 by a man ( fail+ vitality or physical weakness4 ,rob]t ,br[n+ 0 born 9 #ahab at ,camb]well1 ^: slopes ov]look ! smoky *imneys ( ,london4 ,9 ?is beautiful suburb he sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s 9 ! companion%ip ( a bro!r & a si/]4 ,a highly gift$ fa!r & a musical "m assi/$ intellig5tly 9 ! developm5t ( _! *ildr54 ,br[n+'s education 0 conduct$ ma9ly "u 8 fa!r's eye4 ,! boy att5d$ nei!r a l>ge s*ool nor a college4 ,aft] he _h pass$ f ! h&s ( tutors1 he sp5t "s "t 9 travel1 & 0 wont to call ,italy 8 univ]sity4 ,al?\gh 8 tra9+ 0 receiv$ 9 an irregul> way1 8 s*ol>%ip _c be d\bt$ by ! /ud5t ( 8 poetry4 ,he e>ly det]m9$ to devote 8 life to poetry1 & 8 fa!r wisely refra9$ f int]f]+ ) 8 son's ambitions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elizabe? ,,b>rett ,,br[n+4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,field ,talf\rd1 ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,romantic ,m>riage ) ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,b>rett1--,h] ,poetry4--,9 #ahde1 aft] ,br[n+ _h publi%$ "s t5 volumes ( v]se1 among :i* 7 ,p>acelsus 7#ahce71 ,pippa ,passes 7#ahda71 & ,dramatic ,lyrics 7#ahdb71 he met ,miss ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,b>rett 7#ahjf-ahfa71 ^: poetic reputation 0 !n great] ?an 8 own4 ,! publication 9 #ahih ( ,! ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,br[n+ & ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,b>rett disclos$ an unusual romance4 ,:5 he fir/ met h]1 %e 0 an invalid 9 h] fa!r's ,london h\se1 pass+ a l>ge "p ( h] "t on ! c\*1 sc>cely able to see all ! memb]s ( h] own family at ! same "t4 ,8 magnetic influ5ce help$ h] to make m frequ5t j\rneys f ! s(a to an arm*air1 !n to walk across ! room1 & soon to take drives4 ,h] fa!r1 :o might h sat = ! orig9al ( ,m]$i?'s ,egoi/1 _h decid$ t 8 daught] %\ld be an invalid & rema9 ) him = life4 ,:5 ,br[n+ propos$ to ,miss ,b>rett t he %\ld ask h] fa!r = h] h&1 %e repli$ t su* a /ep w\ld only make matt]s worse4 ,he w\ld r see me dead at 8 feet ?an yield ! po9t1 %e said4 ,9 #ahdf ,miss ,b>rett1 accompani$ by h] fai?ful maid1 drove to a *ur* & 0 m>ri$ to ,br[n+4 ,! bride return$ home2 b ,br[n+ did n see h] = a week because he w\ld n indulge 9 ! deception ( ask+ = ,miss ,b>rett4 ,sev5 days aft] ! m>riage1 !y quietly left = ,italy1 :]e ,mrs4 ,br[n+ pass$ ne>ly all h] rema9+ ye>s4 ,%e repeat$ly wrote to h] fa!r1 tell+ him ( h] trans=m$ heal? & happy m>riage1 b he nev] answ]$ h]4 ,be=e ,miss ,b>rett met ,br[n+1 ! woes ( ! factory *ildr5 _h mov$ h] to write ,! ,cry ( ! ,*ildr54 ,aft] ,edg> ,allan ,poe _h read its clos+ l9es3-- 444! *ild's sob 9 ! sil5ce curses deep] ,?an ! /rong man 9 8 wra?1 he said t %e _h depict$ a horror1 sublime 9 its simplicity1 ( :i* ,dante himself might h be5 pr\d4 ,h] be/ "w1 ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 writt5 aft] ,br[n+ _h won h] affection1 is a s]ies ( love lyrics1 /rong1 t5d]1 unaffect$1 true1 f ! dep? ( a woman's he>t4 ,sympa!tic read]s1 :o "k ! /ory ( h] e>ly life & love1 are e ye> realiz+ t !re is no?+ else 9 ,engli% lit]ature t c\ld exactly fill _! place4 ,br[n+ call$ !m ! f9e/ sonnets writt5 9 any language s9ce ,%akespe>e's4 ,^? :o l ! simple music ( ! he>t /r+s w f9d x 9 l9es l ^!3-- ,i love !e to ! level ( e day's ,mo/ quiet ne$1 by sun & c&lelight1 ,i love !e freely1 z m5 /rive = "r2 ,i love !e purely1 z !y turn f praise4 ,i love !e ) ! passion put to use ,9 my old griefs1 & ) my *ildhood's fai?4 ,i love !e ) a love ,i seem$ to lose ,) my lo/ sa9ts--,i love !e ) ! brea?1 ,smiles1 te>s1 ( all my life6--&1 if ,god *oose1 ,i %all b love !e bett] aft] dea?4 ,aft] fifte5 ye>s ( happy m>ri$ life1 %e di$ 9 #ahfa1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,:5 ?9k+ ( h]1 ,br[n+ wrote 8 poem ,prospice 7#ahfa7 welcom+ dea? z-- 444a peace out ( pa91 ,!n a light1 !n ?y brea/1 ,o ?\ s\l ( my s\l6 ,i %all clasp !e aga91 ,& ) ,god be ! re/4 ,8 ,lat] ,ye>s4--,soon aft] 8 wife's dea?1 he began 8 long poem ( ov] tw5ty ?\s& l9es1 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book4 ,he cont9u$ to write v]se to ! ye> ( 8 dea?4 ,9 #ahha ! ,br[n+ ,society 0 f\nd$ = ! /udy & discussion ( 8 works1--a mo/ unusual honor = a poet dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,! lead+ univ]sities gave him honor>y degrees1 he 0 elect$ life-gov]nor ( ,london ,univ]sity1 & 0 t5d]$ ! rector%ip ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,glasg[ & ,/4 ,&rew's & ! presid5cy ( ! ,wordswor? ,society4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 life1 he divid$ mo/ ( 8 "t betwe5 ,london & ,italy4 ,:5 he di$1 9 #ahhi1 he 0 liv+ ) 8 son1 ,rob]t ,b>rett ,br[n+1 9 ! ,palazzo ,rezzonico1 ,v5ice4 ,ov] 8 grave 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey 0 *ant$ ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s t\*+ lyric3-- ,he give? 8 belovd1 sleep4 ,dramatic ,monologues4--,br[n+ 0 a poet ( great productivity4 ,f ! publication ( ,paul9e 9 #ahcc to ,asol&o 9 #ahhi1 !re 7 only %ort pauses betwe5 ! appe>ances ( 8 works4 ,unlike ,t5nyson1 ,br[n+ c\ld n /op to revise & reca/2 b he con/antly s\ght expression1 9 n>ratives1 dramas1 lyrics1 & monologues1 = new ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,! /udy ( ! human s\l held an unfail+ *>m = ,br[n+4 ,he analyzes ) m>k$ ke5ness & subtlety ! exp]i5ces ( ! s\l1 its sick5+ failures1 & its eag] /riv+s amid complex1 puzzl+ conditions4 ,9 ne>ly all 8 poems1 :e!r n>rative1 lyric1 or dramatic1 ! *ief int]e/ c5t]s ab\t "s incid5ts 9 ! developm5t ( a s\l4 ,! poetic =m t he f\nd be/ adapt$ to ! developm5t ( a s\l 0 ! dramatic monologue1 ( :i* he is "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s4 ,requir+ b "o speak]1 ?is =m n>r[s ! int]e/ ei!r to ! speak] or to ! "o describ$ by him4 ,mo/ ( 8 be/ monologues are to be f\nd 9 ! volumes kn[n z ,dramatic ,lyrics 7#ahdb71 ,dramatic ,romances & ,lyrics 7#ahde71 ,m5 & ,wom5 7#ahee71 ,dramatis ,p]sonae 7#ahfd74 ,my ,la/ ,du*ess1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,saul1 ,abt ,vogl]1 & ,! ,la/ ,ride ,toge!r are a few ( 8 /rong repres5tative monologues4 ,! speak] 9 ,my ,la/ ,du*ess is ! wid[$ duke1 :o is describ+ ! portrait ( 8 lo/ wife4 ,9 8 bl9d conceit1 he is utt]ly unconsci\s t he is exhibit+ cle>ly 8 own coldly selfi% nature & 8 wife's sweet1 sunny disposition4 ,! *ief p[] ( ! poem lies 9 ! a/oni%+ ease ) :i* he is made to reveal 8 own "*4 ,! int]e/ 9 ,&rea del ,s>to is 9 ! m5tal conflict ( ?is faultless pa9t]4 ,he wi%es1 on ! "o h&1 to please 8 wife ) popul> pictures1 & yet he ye>ns = high] ideals ( 8 art4 ,he says3-- ,ah1 b a man's rea* %\ld exce$ 8 grasp1 ,or :at's a heav5 =8 ,z he sits 9 ! twilight1 hold+ 8 wife's h&1 & talk+ 9 a half-mus+ way1 x is readily se5 t 8 love = ?is beautiful b s\lless woman has caus$ _m ( 8 failures & sorr[s 9 ! pa/1 & w cont9ue to ar\se conflicts ( s\l 9 ! future4 ,abt ,vogl]1 "o ( ,br[n+'s noble/ & mo/ melodi\s poems1 voices ! exquisite raptures ( a musician's s\l3-- ,b ,god has a few ( u :om ,he :isp]s 9 ! e>2 ,! re/ may reason & welcome3 'tis we musicians "k4 ,! beautiful song ( ,david 9 ! poem entitl$ ,saul %[s a wond]ful sympa?y ) ! old ,hebrew prophecies4 ,cleon expresses ! views ( an e>ly ,greek ^u ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,paul4 ,! ,soliloquy ( a ,spani% ,cloi/] describes ! developm5t ( a co>se1 jeal\s nature 9 mona/ic life4 ,! ,la/ ,ride ,toge!r is "o ( ,br[n+'s _m passionate poems on ! ennobl+ p[] ( love4 ,t rem>kable1 grotesque poem1 ,caliban ^u ,setebos1 transc5ds human fields altoge!r1 & displays ! brutelike !ology ( a fi5d4 ,9 ^! monologues1 ,br[n+ int]prets *>act]s ( v>y+ fai?s1 nationalities1 /ations1 & hi/oric p]iods4 ,he %[s a wide range ( k & sympa?y4 ,"o type1 h[ev]1 :i* he r>ely pres5ts1 is ! simple1 commonplace man or woman4 ,br[n+ excels 9 ! portrayal ( unusual1 intricate1 & difficult *>act]s t h complicat$ problems to face1 weaknesses to ov]come1 or l(ty ambitions to atta94 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book4--,:5 ,br[n+ 0 ask$ :at he w\ld advise a /ud5t ( 8 poetry to read fir/1 he repli$3 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book1 ( c\rse4 ,he work$ on ?is ma/]ly /udy ( human s\ls = _m ye>s 9 ! decade 9 :i* 8 wife di$4 ,?is poem 7#ahfh71 :i* has be5 faceti\sly call$ a ,roman murd] /ory1 0 sugge/$ to him by a squ>e old yell[ book1 :i* he pur*as$ = a few c5ts at ,flor5ce 9 #ahfj4 ,?is manuscript1 dat$ #afih1 gives an acc\nt ( ! trial ( ,guido ,frances*9i = ! murd] ( 8 wife4 ,out ( ?is m]e r+ metal1 ,br[n+ fa%ion$ 8 ,r+1 a poem twice ! l5g? ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,! subject ( ! /ory is an innoc5t girl1 ,pompilia1 :o1 "u ! protection ( a noble prie/1 flees f h] brutal husb& & seeks ! home ( h] fo/] p>5ts4 ,h] husb& wra?fully pursues h] & kills bo? h] & h] p>5ts4 ,:ile ?is is b ! b>e/ outl9e1 yet ! /ory 9 its complete =m is v simple4 ,z is usual ) ,br[n+1 ! *ief /ress is laid ^u ! "* portrayal4 ,he adopt$ ! bold & unique plan ( hav+ diff]5t classes ( p 9 ,rome & ! v>i\s actors 9 ! trag$y tell ! /ory f _! own po9t ( view & ?us reveal _! own bias & *>act]i/ics4 ,ea* relation makes ! /ory seem l>gely new4 ,br[n+ %[s t all ?is te/imony is necess>y to e/abli% a complete circle ( evid5ce 9 reg>d to ! c5tral tru? ( ! trag$y4 ,! poem ?us becomes a rem>kable analytic /udy ( ! psy*ology ( human m9ds4 ,! f\r important *>act]s1--,guido1 ! husb&2 ,caponsac*i1 ! prie/2 ,pompilia1 ! girl-wife2 & ! ,pope1--/& out 9 /rong relief4 ,! greate/ developm5t ( "* is se5 9 ,guido1 :o />ts ) a defiant _s ( c]ta9 victory1 b gradually becomes m subdu$ & abject1 :5 he f9ds t he is to be kill$1 & f9ally %rieks 9 agony = ! help ( 8 victim1 ,pompilia4 ,9 ,caponsac*i !re is ! inw>d que/ion+ ( ! "r & ! wrong4 ,he is a /rongly-drawn "*1 full ( passion & noble desires4 ,pompilia1 :o has an intuitive k ( ! "r1 is "o ( ,br[n+'s sweete/ & pure/ wom54 ,f descriptions ( ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 su* z ,na?aniel ,haw?orne gave1 we may conclude t %e furni%$ ! sugge/ion = _m ( ,pompilia's *>act]i/ics4 ,! ,pope1 ) 8 calm1 wise judgm5t & 8 l(ty philosophy1 is probably ! greate/ product ( ,br[n+'s intellect4 ,! books conta9+ ! monologues ( ^! *>act]s take fir/ place among ,br[n+'s writ+s & occupy a high position 9 ! c5tury's "w4 ,!y h a /rik+ orig9ality1 int5sity1 vigor1 & imag9ative ri*ness4 ,! rema9+ books are incomp>ably inf]ior1 & are m>k$ at times by m]e acut5ess ( reason & ?or\ghness ( legal k4 ,a ,dramatic ,poet4--,al?\gh ,br[n+'s g5ius is /rongly dramatic1 8 be/ "w is n f\nd 9 ! field ( ! drama4 ,/raf=d 7#ahcg71 ,a ,blot 9 ! ',scut*eon 7#ahdc71 & ,colombe's ,bir?day 7#ahdd7 h be5 /ag$ successfully1 b !y _c be call$ great act+ plays4 ,! action is slight1 ! *>act]s are complex1 ! soliloquies are l5g?y1 & ! climaxes are too (t5 :olly dep5d5t ^u emotional int5sity r ?an ^u great or excit+ de$s4 ,! /ronge/ int]e/ ( ^! dramas lies 9 _! psy*ological subtlety1 :i* is m enjoyable 9 ! /udy ?an 9 ! !at]4 ,br[n+'s dramatic p[] is well exhibit$ 9 poems l ,9 a ,balcony or ,pippa ,passes1 9 :i* p[]ful individual sc5es are pres5t$ )\t all ! accompany+ details ( a complete drama4 ,! great =ce ( su* sc5es lies 9 8 mann] ( treat+ mom5ts ( sev]e trial4 ,he selects su* a mom5t1 focuses 8 :ole att5tion ^u x1 & makes ! de$ committ$ /& =? z an explanation ( all ! pa/ emotions & z a prophecy ( all future acts4 ,9 a ,balcony %[s ! lives ( ?ree *>act]s conv]g+ t[>d a crisis4 ,! h]o ( ?is drama ?us expresses 8 !ory ( life's /ruggles 9 ! developm5t ( ! s\l3-- 444,i c\nt life j /uff ,to try ! s\l's /r5g? on1 educe ! man4 ,pippa ,passes is "o ( ,br[n+'s mo/ arti/ic pres5tations ( su* dramatic sc5es4 ,! little silk weav]1 ,pippa1 rises on ! morn+ ( h] "o holiday 9 ! ye>1 ) ! int5tion ( enjoy+ 9 fancy ! pleasures ( ! ,happie/ ,f\r 9 our ,asolo1 n kn[+1 9 h] innoc5ce1 ( _! mis]y & guilt4 ,%e w&]s f h\se to h\se1 s++ h] pure1 significant refra9s1 &1 9 ea* case1 h] songs arre/ ! att5tion ( ! he>] at a critical mom5t4 ,%e ?us becomes unconsci\sly a means ( salvation4 ,! fir/ sc5e is ! mo/ int5se4 ,%e approa*es ! home ( ! lov]s1 ,sebald & ,ottima1 aft] ! murd] ( ,ottima's husb&4 ,z ,sebald beg9s to reflect on ! murd]1 !re comes ?is song ( ,pippa's1 l ! knock+ at ! gate 9 ,macbe?1 to loose ! floodgates ( remorse3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,ms4 ,,f ,,pippa ,,passes4 ,8 ,optimi/ic ,philosophy4--,x has be5 se5 t ! ,victorian age1 z pres5t$ by ,mat!w ,arnold1 0 a p]iod ( d\bt & negation4 ,br[n+1 h[ev]1 0 n ov]come by ?is wave ( d\bt4 ,al?\gh he recogniz$ fully ! difficulties ( religi\s fai? 9 an age j awak5+ to sci5tific inquiry1 yet he reta9$ a /rong1 fe>less tru/ 9 ,god & 9 immortality4 ,br[n+'s reason dem&$ ?is belief4 ,9 ?is e>?ly life he saw ! evil ov]come ! good1 & beheld inju/ice1 defeat1 & despair foll[ ! noble/ ef=ts4 ,if !re exi/s no comp5sation = ^! ?+s1 he says t life is a *eat1 ! moral nature a lie1 & ,god a fi5d4 ,9 ,asol&o1 ,br[n+ ?us pres5ts 8 attitude t[>d life3-- ,"o :o nev] turn$ 8 back b m>*$ brea/ =w>d1 ,nev] d\bt$ cl\ds w\ld break1 ,nev] dream$1 ?o' "r 7 wor/$1 wrong w\ld triumph1 ,held we fall to rise1 are baffl$ to fight bett]1 ,sleep to wake4 ,!re is no hesitancy 9 ?is philosophy ( ,br[n+'s4 ,) x1 he does n fe> to face all ! problems & my/]ies ( exi/5ce4 ,no o!r poet /rikes su* a resonant1 hopeful note z he4 ,8 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra is m a song ( triumphant fai? ?an any?+ writt5 s9ce ! ,puritan days3-- ,our times are 9 ,8 h& ,:o sai?1 ',a :ole ,i plann$1 ,y\? %[s b half2 tru/ ,god3 see all1 nor be afraid6' 99 99 99 99 99 ,e>? *anges1 b ?y s\l & ,god /& sure3 ,:at ent]$ into !e1 ,t 01 is1 & %all be3 ,"t's :eel runs back or /ops3 ,pott] & clay endure4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,br[n+ is a poet ( /rik+ orig9ality & impell+ =ce4 ,8 writ+s are ! spontane\s outp\r+s ( a ri*1 full nature1 ^: ma9 fabric is intellect1 b intellect illum9$ ) ! glitt]+ light ( spiritual hopefulness & flu%$ ) ! gl[ ( deep human passion4 ,! subject ( 8 greate/ poetry is ! human s\l4 ,:ile he possesses a l>ge portion ( dramatic sugge/iv5ess1 he nev]!less does n excel 9 sett+ (f "* aga9/ "* 9 movem5t & spee*1 b r 9 a m9ute1 p5etrat+ analysis1 by :i* he ins9uates himself into ! ?\ghts & s5sations ( 8 *>act]s1 & views life ?r\gh _! eyes4 ,he is a pron\nc$ reali/4 ,8 v]se deals n only ) ! beautiful & ! romantic1 b also ) ! prosaic & ! ugly1 if !y furni% true pictures = ! panorama ( real life4 ,! unconv5tionality & realism ( 8 poetic art w be made manife/ by m]ely read+ ?r\gh ! titles ( 8 num]\s works4 ,br[n+ did n write to amuse & ent]ta91 b to /imulate ?\ght & to /+ ! consci5ce to activity4 ,! mean+ ( 8 v]se is1 !re=e1 ! matt] ( p>am\nt importance1 f> ov]%ad[+ ! =m ( expression4 ,9 ! ha/e & c>elessness ) :i* he wrote _m ( 8 difficult ab/ruse poems1 he laid himself op5 to ! *>ge ( obscurity4 ,8 /yle has a /rik+ly individual /amp1 :i* is m>k$ f> m by /r5g? ?an by beauty4 ,! b>e & rugg$ /yle ( 8 v]se is (t5 made pr(\ndly impressive by its /r5u\s e>ne/ness1 its burn+ int5sity1 :i* seems to necessitate ! brok5 l9es & halt+1 int]rupt$ rhy?m4 ,! foll[+ utt]ance ( ,caponsac*i1 z he /&s be=e 8 judges1 w %[ ! int5sity & rugg$ness ( ,br[n+'s blank v]se3-- ,sirs1 h[ %\ld ,i lie quiet 9 my grave ,unless y suff] me wr+1 drop by drop1 ,my bra9 dry1 make a riddance ( ! dr5* ,( m9utes ) a memory 9 ea*8 ,8 l9es are (t5 h>% & dissonant4 ,ev5 9 ! noble poem ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra1 ?is jolt+ l9e appe>s3-- ,irks c>e ! crop-full bird8 ,frets d\bt ! maw-cramm$ bea/8 & 9 ,sordello1 ,br[n+ writes3-- ,! ,tr\bad\r :o sung ,hundr$s ( songs1 =got1 its trick 8 tongue1 ,its craft 8 bra94 ,no c>eful arti/ tol]ates su* ugly1 rasp+ inv]sions4 ,9 spite ( ^! inh>moni\s t5d5cies 9 ,br[n+1 8 poetry at times %[s a lyric lightness1 su* z is he>d 9 ^! l9es3-- ,oh1 to be 9 ,engl& ,n[ t ,april's !re1 ,& :oev] wakes 9 ,engl& ,sees1 "s morn+1 unaw>e1 ,t ! l[e/ b\ghs & ! bru%wood %eaf ,r\nd ! elm-tree bole are 9 t9y leaf1 ,:ile ! *aff9* s+s on ! or*>d b\gh ,9 ,engl&--n[6#ae ,8 v]se (t5 swells & falls ) a wavelike rhy?m z 9 ,saul or 9 ^! l9es 9 ,abt ,vogl]3-- ,!re %all nev] be "o lo/ good6 ,:at 01 %all live z be=e2 ,! evil is null1 is n\ght1 is sil5ce imply+ s\nd2 ,:at 0 good %all be good1 )1 = evil1 s mu* good m2 ,on ! e>? ! brok5 arc2 9 ! heav51 a p]fect r\nd4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,br[n+'s poetry is sometimes h>%1 faulty1 & obscure1 at times 8 melodies c be rhy?mically simple & beautiful4 ,he is "o ( ! subtle/ analy/s ( ! human m9d1 ! mo/ orig9al & impassion$ poet ( 8 age1 & "o ( ! mo/ hopeful1 inspir+1 & uplift+ tea*]s ( mod]n times4 ,,alfr$ ,,t5nyson1 #ahji-ahib ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,t5nyson4 ,f a photograph by ,mayall4 ,life4--,alfr$ ,t5nyson1 "o ( ! twelve *ildr5 ( ! rector ( ,som]sby1 ,l9coln%ire1 0 born 9 t hamlet 9 #ahji1 a ye> memorable1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica = ! bir? ( su* m5 z ,*>les ,d>w91 ,william ,e4 ,glad/one1 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe1 & ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,visitors to ! ,som]sby rectory1 9 :i* ,t5nyson 0 born1 note t x fits ! description ( ! home 9 8 f9e lyric1 ,! ,palace ( ,art3-- 444an ,engli% home1--gray twilight p\r'd ,on dewy pa/ures1 dewy trees1 ,s(t] ?an sleep--all ?+s 9 ord] /or$1 ,a haunt ( anci5t peace4 ,8 "m1 "o ( ! beauties ( ,l9coln%ire1 _h tw5ty-five (f]s ( m>riage4 ,( h] ,t5nyson said 9 ,! ,pr9cess3-- ,happy he ,) su* a "m6 fai? 9 womank9d ,beats ) 8 blood1 & tru/ 9 all ?+s high ,comes easy to him1 & ?o' he trip & fall1 ,he %all n bl9d 8 s\l ) clay4 ,x is probable t ,t5nyson holds ! record among ,engli% poets ( 8 class = ! quantity ( y\?ful v]se produc$4 ,at ! age ( eight1 he 0 writ+ blank v]se 9 praise ( fl[]s2 at twelve1 he began an epic :i* ext5d$ to six ?\s& l9es4 ,9 #ahbh he ent]$ ,cambridge ,univ]sity2 b 9 #ahca 8 fa!r's sickness & dea? made x impossible = him to return to take 8 degree4 ,be=e leav+ ,cambridge1 ,t5nyson _h f\nd a firm fri5d 9 a "y college mate ( great promise1 ,ar?ur ,h5ry ,hallam1 :o became engag$ to ! poet's si/]1 ,emily ,t5nyson4 ,hallam's sudd5 dea? 9 #ahcb 0 a pr(\nd %ock to ,t5nyson & _h f>-rea*+ effects on 8 poetic developm5t4 ,= a long "t he liv$ 9 comp>ative retirem5t1 endeavor+ to p]fect himself 9 ! poetic art4 ,8 gold5 ye> 0 #ahej1 ! ye> ( ! publication ( ,9 ,memoriam1 ( 8 selection z poet laureate1 to succe$ ,wordswor?1 & ( 8 m>riage to ,emily ,sellwood4 ,he _h be5 9 love ) h] = f\rte5 ye>s1 b insuffici5t income _h hi!rto prev5t$ m>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f>r+=d4 ,9 #ahee ,ox=d honor$ him by be/[+ on him ! degree ( ,d4,c4,l4 ,! /ud5ts gave him an ovation & !y prop]ly honor$ 8 greate/ poem1 ,9 ,memoriam by m5tion+ x fir/ 9 _! l\d calls2 b !y also paid _! respects to 8 ,may ,que51 ask+ 9 *orus3 ,did !y wake & call y e>ly1 call y e>ly1 ,alfr$ de>8 ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 outw>dly unev5tful4 ,he became ! mo/ popul> poet ( 8 age4 ,s*ools & colleges _h pupils translate 8 poems into ,lat9 & ,greek v]se4 ,( ,eno* ,ard5 7#ahfd71 at t "t 8 mo/ popul> n>rative poem1 sixty ?\s& copies 7 sold almo/ z z soon z x 0 pr9t$4 ,he made suffici5t money to be able to ma9ta9 two beautiful resid5ces1 a w9t] home at ,f>r+=d on ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & a summ] resid5ce at ,aldwor? 9 ,sussex4 ,9 #ahhd he 0 rais$ to ! pe]age1 ) ! title ( ,b>on ( ,aldwor? & ,f>r+=d4 ,he di$ 9 #ahib1 at ! age ( eighty-?ree1 & 0 buri$ beside ,rob]t ,br[n+ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,e>ly ,v]se4--,t5nyson publi%$ a small volume ( poems 9 #ahcj1 ! ye> be=e he left college1 & ano!r volume 9 #ahcb4 ,al?\gh ^! conta9$ "s good poems1 he 0 too (t5 cont5t to toy ) v]se t _h exquisite melody & b little mean+4 ,! ,airy1 fairy ,lilian & ,sweet1 pale ,m>g>et type ( v]se _h *>m$ him ov]mu*4 ,! volumes ( #ahcj & #ahcb 7 sev]ely criticiz$4 ,blackwood's ,magaz9e call$ same ( ! lyrics drivel1 & ,c>lyle *>act]iz$ ! ae/hetic v]se z lollipops4 ,?is adv]se criticism & ! %ock f ,hallam's dea? caus$ him to rema9 sil5t = ne>ly t5 ye>s4 ,8 son & biograph] says t 8 fa!r dur+ ?is p]iod pr(it$ by fri5dly & unfri5dly criticism1 & 9 sil5ce1 obscurity1 & solitude1 p]fect$ 8 art4 ,9 8 ?irty-?ird ye> 7#ahdb71 ,t5nyson broke 8 long sil5ce by publi%+ two volumes ( v]se1 conta9+ su* favorites z ,! ,poet1 ,! ,lady ( ,%alott1 ,! ,palace ( ,art1 ,! ,lotos ,eat]s1 ,a ,dream ( ,fair ,wom51 ,morte d',ar?ur1 ,o5one1 ,! ,mill]'s ,daught]1 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,daught]1 ,dora1 ,ulysses1 ,locksley ,hall1 ,! ,two ,voices1 & ,sir ,galahad4 ,unsp>+ revision ( numb]s ( ^! poems t _h be5 publi%$ be=e1 entitles !m to be class$ z new "w4 ,"s critics ?9k t ,t5nyson nev] surpass$ ^! #ahdb volumes4 ,8 v]se %[s ! influ5ce ( ,keats1 ( :om ,t5nyson said3 ,!re is some?+ ( ! inn]mo/ s\l ( poetry 9 almo/ ev]y?+ t he wrote4 ,"o ( ,t5nyson's mo/ di/9ctive qualities1 8 art 9 pa9t+ beautiful ^w-pictures1 is se5 at its be/ 9 /anzas f ,! ,palace ( ,art4 ,8 ma/]y ov] melody & ! te*nique ( v]se is evid5t 9 su* lyrics z ,sir ,galahad1 & ,! ,lotos ,eat]s4 ,:5 ! prime m9i/]1 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 read f ,ulysses ! passage beg9n+3-- ,i am a "p ( all t ,i h met1 he gave ,t5nyson a mu*-ne$$ annual p5sion ( #bjj4 ,^! volumes %[ t he 0 com+ into t\* ) ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,locksley ,hall communicates ! ?rill :i* he felt f ! new possibilities ( sci5ce3-- ,= ,i dipt into ! future1 f> z human eye c\ld see1 ,saw ! ,vision ( ! _w1 & all ! wond] t w\ld be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ! heir ( all ! ages1 9 ! =emo/ files ( "t4 ,hallam's dea? _h also develop$ 9 him ! human note1 resonant 9 ! lyric1 ,break1 break1 break3-- ,b ,o = ! t\* ( a vani%'d h&1 ,& ! s\nd ( a voice t is /ill4 ,! ,pr9cess1 ,9 ,memoriam1 & ,maud4--,t5nyson _h produc$ only %ort poems 9 8 #ahdb volumes1 b 8 next ?ree ef=ts1 ,! ,pr9cess 7#ahdg71 ,9 ,memoriam 7#ahej71 & ,maud 7#ahee71 are ( consid]able l5g?4 ,! ,pr9cess3 ,a ,m$ley1 z ,t5nyson rightly call$ x1 conta9s #cbbc l9es ( blank v]se4 ,?is poem1 :i* is really a discussion ( ! woman "q1 relates 9 a half humor\s way ! /ory ( a pr9cess :o broke (f h] engagem5t to a pr9ce1 f\nd$ a college = wom51 & det]m9$ to elevate h] life to mak+ !m equal to m54 ,! poem ab\nds 9 beautiful imag]y & exquisite melody2 b ! solution ( ! "q by ! m>riage ( ! pr9cess has n completely satisfi$ mod]n ?\ght4 ,! f9e/ p>ts ( ! poem are its arti/ic songs4 ,9 ,memoriam1 an elegy 9 memory ( ,ar?ur ,h5ry ,hallam1 0 begun at ,som]sby 9 #ahcc1 ! ye> ( ,hallam's dea?1 & add$ to at int]vals = ne>ly sixte5 ye>s4 ,:5 ,t5nyson fir/ began ! %ort lyrics to express 8 grief1 he did n int5d to publi% !m2 b 9 #ahej he gave !m to ! _w z "o long poem ( #gbe f\r-l9e /anzas4 ,9 ,memoriam 0 directly responsible = ,t5nyson's appo9tm5t z poet-laureate4 ,que5 ,victoria decl>$ t %e receiv$ m com=t f x ?an f any o!r book except ! ,bible4 ,! fir/ /anza ( ! poem 7quot$ on page #i7 has prov$ z mu* ( a moral /imulus z any s+le utt]ance ( ,c>lyle or ( ,br[n+4 ,?is "w is "o ( ! ?ree great elegies ( a lit]ature t /&s fir/ 9 elegiac poetry4 ,milton's ,lycidas has m ( a massive comm&+ p[]1 & ,%elley's ,adonais rises at times to poetic heights t ,t5nyson did n rea*2 b nei!r ,lycidas nor ,adonais equals ,9 ,memoriam 9 trac+ e %ad[ ( b]eavem5t1 f ! fir/ feel+ ( despair until ! m\rn] c realize t-- 444! song ( woe ,is aft] all an e>?ly song1 & c express 8 unassailable fai? 9-- ,"o ,god1 "o law1 "o elem5t1 ,& "o f>-(f div9e ev5t ,to :i* ! :ole creation moves4 ,) ?is hopeful assurance closes ,t5nyson's mo/ noble & beautiful poem4 ,maud1 a lyrical melodrama1 pa9ts ! *ang+ emotions ( a lov] :o passes f morbid gloom to ec/asy4 ,!n1 9 a mom5t ( ang]1 he murd]s ,maud's bro!r4 ,despair1 insanity1 & recov]y foll[1 b he sees ,maud's face no m4 ,:ile ! poem z a :ole is n a ma/]piece1 x conta9s "s ( ,t5nyson's f9e/ lyrics4 ,! elev5 /anzas ( ! lov]'s song to ,maud1 !-- ,que5 ,rose ( ! rosebud g>d5 ( girls1 are su* an exquisite bl5d+ ( woodb9e spice & musk ( rose1 ( /> & daffodil sky1 ( music ( flute & song ( bird1 ( ! s\l ( ! rose ) ! passion ( ! lov]1 ( mead[s & violets1--t we easily und]/& :y ,t5nyson lov$ to read ^! l9es4 ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+4--,9 #ahei ,t5nyson publi%$ ,lancelot & ,ela9e1 "o ( a s]ies ( twelve ,idylls1 ! la/ ( :i* appe>$ 9 #ahee4 ,toge!r ^! =m an epic on ! subject ( ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,t5nyson reli$ ma9ly on ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur = ! *>act]s & ! /ories4 ,^! ,idylls %[ ! /ruggle to ma9ta9 noble ideals4 ,ar?ur relates h[ he collect$-- ,9 t fair ord] ( my ,table ,r\nd1 ,a glori\s company1 ! fl[] ( m51 ,to s]ve z model = ! mighty _w1 ,& be ! fair beg9n+ ( a "t4 ,he made 8 knights swe> to uphold ! ideals ( 8 c\rt-- ,to ride abroad r$ress+ human wrongs1 ,to speak no sl&]1 no1 nor li/5 to x1 ,to honor 8 own ^w z if 8 ,god's1 ,to lead sweet lives 9 pure/ *a/ity1 ,to love "o maid5 only1 cleave to h]1 ,& w>%ip h] by ye>s ( noble de$s ,until !y won h]4 ,! twelve ,idylls h z a backgr\nd ^? diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> t accord ) ! special mood ( ! /ory4 ,9 ,g>e? & ,lynette1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! ,idylls1 ! "y h]o leaves 8 home 9 spr+1 :5 ! e>? is joy\s ) birds & fl[]s4 ,9 ! la/ & mo/ nobly poetic ( ! s]ies1 ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur1 ! "t is w9t]1 :5 ! knights seem to be clo!d ) _! own fro/y brea?4 ,s9 creeps into ,k+ ,ar?ur's realm & disrupts ! ord] ( ! ,table ,r\nd4 ,he receives 8 mortal w\nd1 & passes to rule 9 a k9dli] realm t welcom$ him z a k+ return+ f ! w>s4 ,al?\gh ! ,idylls ( ! ,k+ are unev5 9 quality & sometimes m>r$ by ov]pr(usion ( ornam5t & by defici5cy ( dramatic skill1 _! limpid /yle1 _m f9e passages ( poetry1 appeal+ /ories1 & high ideals h ex]t$ a wid] influ5ce ?an any o!r ( ,t5nyson's poems4 ,lat] ,poetry4--,t5nyson cont9u$ to write poetry until almo/ ! "t ( 8 dea?2 b ) ! exception ( 8 %ort swan song1 ,cross+ ! ,b>1 he did n surpass 8 e>li] ef=ts4 ,8 ,locksley ,hall ,sixty ,ye> ,aft] 7#ahhf7 voices ! disappo9tm5ts ( ! ,victorian age & pres5ts vigor\s social philosophy4 ,"s ( 8 lat] v]se1 l ,! ,nor!rn ,f>m] & ,! ,*ildr5's ,hospital1 are 9 clos] t\* ) life ?an _m ( 8 e>li] poems4 ,he wrote also sev]al hi/orical dramas1 ! be/ ( :i* is ,becket 7#ahhd72 b 8 g5ius 0 ess5tially lyrical1 n dramatic4 ,cross+ ! ,b>1 writt5 9 8 eighty-fir/ ye>1 is n only ! f9e/ product ( 8 lat] ye>s1 b also "o ( ! v be/ ( ,victorian lyrics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,,ms4 ,,( ,,cross+ ,,! ,,b>4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,t5nyson is a poetic int]pret] ( ! ?\ght ( ! ,victorian age4 ,huxley call$ him ! fir/ poet s9ce ,lucretius :o und]/ood ! drift ( sci5ce4 ,9 ^! f\r l9es f ,! ,pr9cess1 ,t5nyson gives ! evolution>y hi/ory ( ! _w1 f nebula to man3-- ,?is _w 0 once a fluid haze ( light4 ,till t[>d ! c5t] set ! />ry tides1 ,& eddi$ into suns1 t :eel+ ca/ ,! planets3 !n ! mon/]1 !n ! man4 ,t5nyson's poetry ( nature is bas$ on almo/ sci5tific obs]vation ( natural ph5om5a4 ,unlike ,wordswor?1 ,t5nyson does n reg>d nature z a manife/ation ( ! div9e _s ( love4 ,he sees h] m f ! new sci5tific po9t ( view1 z r$ 9 too? & claw ) rap9e4 ,! h]o ( ,maud says3-- ,= nature is "o ) rap9e1 a h>m no prea*] c heal2 ,! ,mayfly is torn by ! swall[1 ! sp>r[ spe>'d by ! %rike4 ,& ! :ole little wood :]e ,i sit is a _w ( plund] & prey4 ,! con/ant w>f>e impli$ 9 ! evolution>y !ory ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ did n keep ,t5nyson f also pres5t+ nature 9 h] g5tl] aspects4 ,9 ,maud1 ! lov] s+s-- 444:5ev] a ,m>*-w9d sighs1 ,he sets ! jewel-pr9t ( y\r feet ,9 violets blue z y\r eyes1 & he tells h[ ! s\l ( ! rose pass$ into 8 blood1 & h[ ! sympa!tic passion-fl[] dropp$ a spl5did te>4 ,z beautiful z is mu* ( ,t5nyson's nature poetry1 he has n ,wordswor?'s p[] to inve/ x ) ! light ( sett+ suns1 or to cause x to awak5 ?\ghts t d lie too deep = te>s4 ,! conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 ! d\bts & ! s5se ( _w-pa9 are mirror$ 9 ,t5nyson's v]se4 ,! ,two ,voices beg9s3-- ,a /ill small voice spoke unto me1 ,?\ art s full ( mis]y ,7 x n bett] n to be8 ,8 poetry is1 h[ev]1 a great tonic to religi\s fai?4 ,! clos+ l9es ( ,9 ,memoriam & ,cross+ ! ,b> %[ h[ triumphantly he met all ! d\bts & ! skepticism ( ! age4 ,l ,milton1 ,t5nyson receiv$ mu* ( 8 inspiration f books1 especially f ! classical writ]s2 b ?is *>act]i/ic 0 m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by 8 acute obs]vation & responsiv5ess to ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,locksley ,hall ,sixty ,ye>s ,aft] %[s t he 0 ke5ly alive to ! social movem5ts ( ! "t4 ,t5nyson said t ! sc5es 9 8 poems 7 s vividly conceiv$ t he c\ld h drawn !m if he _h be5 an arti/4 ,a tw5tie? c5tury critic#af says t ,t5nyson is almo/ ! inv5tor ( su* pictorial lyrics z ,a ,dream ( ,fair ,wom5 & ,! ,palace ( ,art4 ,! arti/ic f9i% ( ,t5nyson's v]se is "o ( its great *>ms4 ,he said to a fri5d3 ,x matt]s little :at we say2 x is h[ we say x--?\gh ! fools don't knew x4 ,8 poetry has1 h[ev]1 (t5 be5 criticiz$ = lack ( dep?4 ,! v>iety 9 8 subject matt]1 mode ( expression1 & rhy?m r5d]s 8 v]se f> m enjoyable ?an t ( ! =mal age ( ,pope4 ,t5nyson's extraord9>y popul>ity 9 8 own "t 0 l>gely due to ! fact t he voic$ s cle>ly & attractively ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,z ano!r epo* u%]s 9 diff]5t int]e/s1 !y w naturally be upp]mo/ 9 ! m9d ( ! new g5]ation4 ,we no long] feel ! int5se int]e/ ( ! ,victorians 9 ! suppos$ conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,_! !ory ( evolution has be5 modifi$ & has lo/ ! =ce ( novelty4 ,!ories ( gov]nm5t & social ideals h also und]gone a gradual *ange4 ,= ^! reasons mu* ( ,t5nyson's v]se has ceas$ to h its =m] wide appeal4 ,t5nyson has1 h[ev]1 left suffici5t "w ( abid+ value1 bo? = its exquisite =m & = its ?\ght1 to entitle him to be rank$ z a great poet4 ,we _c imag9e a "t :5 ,cross+ ! ,b>1 ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur1 & ! c5tral ?\ght ( ,9 ,memoriam-- ',tis bett] to h lov$ & lo/ ,?an nev] to h lov$ at all1 w no long] int]e/ read]s4 ,to ,t5nyson belong-- ,jewels five words long ,t on ! /ret*'d =ef+] ( all ,"t ,sp>kle =ev]4 ,,alg]non ,,*>les ,,sw9burne1 #ahcg-aiji ,illu/ration3 ,,alg]non ,,*>les ,,sw9burne1 #ahcg-aiji4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti4 ,life4--,sw9burne 0 born 9 ,london 9 #ahcg4 ,8 fa!r 0 an admiral 9 ! ,engli% navy1 & 8 "m1 ! daught] ( an e>l4 ,! boy pass$ 8 summ]s 9 ,nor?umb]l& & 8 w9t]s 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,he ?us acquir$ t fondness = ! sea1 s noticeable 9 8 poetry4 ,8 e>ly exp]i5ces are traceable 9 l9es l ^!3-- ,our bosom-belt$ bill[y-blossom+ hills1 ,^: he>ts break out 9 laught] l ! sea4 ,he w5t to ,ox=d = ?ree ye>s1 b left )\t tak+ 8 degree4 ,! /ory is curr5t t he knew m ,greek ?an 8 tea*]s b t he fail$ 9 an exam9ation on ! ,scriptures4 ,he s\ght to complete 8 education by wide read+ & by travel1 especially 9 ,france & ,italy4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-five1 he w5t to live = a %ort "t at #af ,*eyne ,walk1 ,*elsea1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,london1 9 ! same h\se ) ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti & ,george ,m]$i?4 ,sw9burne admir$ ,rossetti's poetry & 0 mu* impress$ ) ! ,pre-,raphaelite virtues ( simplicity & directness4 ,sw9burne nev] m>ri$4 ,8 deafness caus$ him to pass mu* ( 8 long life 9 comp>ative retirem5t4 ,8 la/ ?irty ye>s 7 sp5t ) 8 fri5d1 ! critic & poet1 ,!odore ,watts-,dunton1 at ,putney on ! ,?ames1 a few miles s\?we/ ( ,london4 ,sw9burne di$ 9 #aiji & 0 buri$ at ,bon*ur* 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,works4--,9 #ahfd ,engl& 0 en*ant$ ) ! melody ( ! *oruses 9 8 ,atalanta 9 ,calydon1 a dramatic poem 9 ! old ,greek =m4 ,l9es l ! foll[+ f ! *orus1 ,! ,y\? ( ! ,ye>1 %[ ! quality = :i* 8 v]se is mo/ fam\s3-- ,:5 ! h\nds ( spr+ are on w9t]'s traces1 ,! "m ( mon?s 9 mead[ or pla9 ,fills ! %ad[s & w9dy places ,) lisp ( leaves & ripple ( ra94 ,! fir/ s]ies ( 8 ,poems & ,ballads 7#ahff7 conta9s ,! ,g>d5 ( ,pros]p9e1 "o ( 8 be/ kn[n poems4 ,pros]p9e =gets ! e>? h] "m & goes to h] bloomless g>d53-- ,& spr+ & se$ & swall[ ,take w+ = h] & foll[ ,:]e summ] song r+s holl[ ,& fl[]s are put to scorn4 ,_m volumes came 9 rapid succession f 8 p54 ,9 #aijd 8 poems 7 collect$ 9 six octavo volumes conta9+ #bceg pages4 ,?is collection includes ! long n>rative poems1 ,tri/ram ( ,lyonesse & ,! ,tale ( ,bal51 a fai?ful retell+ ( fam\s m$ieval /ories4 ,he1 h[ev]1 _h m ability z a writ] ( lyrics ?an ( n>rative v]se4 ,8 poetic dramas fill five additional volumes4 ,*a/el>d 7#ahfe71 "o ( ! ?ree dramas relat+ to ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 is ! be/ ( 8 plays4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 nei!r ! p[] to draw "* nor ! repression ( spee* necess>y = a great dramati/4 ,! be/ p>ts ( 8 plays are really lyrical v]se4 ,_m critics ?9k t ,sw9burne's reputation w\ld be z great z x n[ is1 if he _h ceas$ to write v]se 9 #ahff1 at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e1 aft] produc+ ,atalanta 9 ,calydon & ! fir/ s]ies ( 8 ,poems & ,ballads4 ,al?\gh 8 int]e/s wid5$ & 8 poetic range increas$1 mu* ( 8 "w dur+ 8 la/ =ty ye>s is a repetition ( e>li] successes4 ,8 ,songs be=e ,sunrise1 h[ev] 7#ahga71 & ! next two volumes ( ,poems & ,ballads 7#ahgh & #ahhi7 conta9 "s poems t rank among 8 be/4 ,lat] 9 life he wrote a l>ge am\nt ( prose criticism1 mu* ( :i* deals ) ! ,elizabe?an dramati/s4 ,8 ,a ,/udy ( ,%akespe>e 7#ahhj7 & 8 %ort] ,%akespe>e 7#aije7 are especially sugge/ive4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ! read] mu/ make con/ant all[ance = 8 habit ( us+ sup]latives1 he 0 an able critic4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,sw9burne's poetry suff]s f 8 t5d5cy to dr[n 8 ideas 9 a sea ( words4 ,sometimes we ga9 no m def9ite ideas f read+ _m l9es ( 8 v]se ?an f he>+ music )\t words4 ,mu* ( 8 poetry 0 sugge/$ by wide read+1 n by close p]sonal contact ) life4 ,8 v]se sometimes (f5ds f disreg>d+ moral proprieties & f s express+ 8 a!ism z to w\nd ! feel+s ( religi\s p4 ,8 idea ( a ,supreme ,p[] 0 color$ by ! old ,grecian belief 9 ,fate4 ,9 exact opposition to ,wordswor?1 ,sw9burne's y\?ful poems %[ t he reg>d$ ,nature z ! inc>nation ( a ,p[] malevol5t to man4 ,he lack$ ! optimism ( ,br[n+ & ! fai? ( ,t5nyson4 ,! mantle ( ,byron & ,%elley fell on ,sw9burne z ! poet ( revolt aga9/ :at seem$ to be religi\s or political tyranny4 ,aft] ,t5nyson's dea?1 9 #ahib1 ,sw9burne 0 ! greate/ liv+ ,engli% poet2 b1 ev5 if 8 v]se _h n (f5d$ ,que5 ,victoria = ! =ego+ reasons1 %e w\ld n h appo9t$ him poet-laureate aft] ! mis]y ( ! ,russians _h mov$ him 9 #ahij to write1 ref]r+ to ! ,cz>3-- ,night ha? naught b "o r$ />--,tyrannicide4 ,god or man1 be swift2 hope sick5s ) delay3 ,smite & s5d him h[l+ d[n 8 fa!r's way4 ,sw9burne's cr[n+ glory is 8 unque/ion$ ma/]y1 unsurpass$ by any poet s9ce ,milton1 ( ! te*nique ( v>i$ melodi\s v]se4 ,?is quality is evid5t1 no matt] :e!r he is describ+ ! laught] ( a *ild3-- ,sweet] f> ?an all ?+s he>d1 ,h& ( h>p]1 tone ( bird1 ,s\nd ( woods at sundawn /irr'd1 ,well+ wat]'s w9some w>d1 ,w9d 9 w>m wan wea!r1 or express+ 8 fi]ce hatr$ = any condition or place :]e-- 444a curse 0 or a *a9 ,a ?rone = torm5t or a cr[n = bane ,rose1 m\ld$ out ( poor m5's molt5 pa91 or s++ ! song ( a lov]-- ,if love 7 :at ! rose is1 ,& ,i 7 l ! leaf1 ,our lives w\ld gr[ toge!r ,9 sad or s++ wea!r1 ,bl[n fields or fl[]ful closes1 ,gre5 pleasure or grey grief2 ,if love 7 :at ! rose is1 ,& ,i 7 l ! leaf2 or voic+ 8 e>ly cre$-- ,t no life lives =ev]2 ,t dead m5 rise up nev]2 ,t ev5 ! we>ie/ riv] ,w9ds some:]e safe to sea1 or *ant+ 9 f> nobl] /ra9s ! ,anglo-,saxon belief 9 ! mold+ p[] ( an inf9ite pres5ce-- ,i am 9 !e to save !e1 ,z my s\l 9 !e sai?1 ,give ?\ z ,i gave !e1 ,?y life-blood & brea?1 ,gre5 leaves ( ?y labor1 :ite fl[]s ( ?y ?\ght1 & r$ fruit ( ?y dea?4 ,,rudy>d ,,kipl+1 #ahfe- ,illu/ration3 ,,rudy>d ,,kipl+4 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,john ,colli]4 ,life4--,rudy>d ,kipl+1 ! y\nge/ ( ! great ,victorians1 0 born 9 ,bombay1 ,india1 9 #ahfe4 ,8 p>5ts 7 p ( culture & arti/ic tra9+1 ! fa!r1 ,john ,lockwood ,kipl+1 be+ a recogniz$ au?ority on ,indian art4 ,l mo/ ,engli% *ildr5 born 9 ,india1 ,kipl+1 :5 v small1 0 s5t to ,engl& to escape ! fatal ,indian heat4 ,aft]w>ds 9 ! /ory ,baa1 ,baa1 ,black ,%eep1 ,kipl+ told ! tragic exp]i5ce ( two ,anglo-,indian *ildr5 :5 sep>at$ f _! p>5ts4 ,if x is true t ?is /ory is l>gely autobiographical1 ! sep>ation mu/ h be5 a try+ ordeal 9 ,kipl+'s *ildhood4 ,lat] he sp5t sev]al ye>s at ,we/w>d ,ho1 ,devon%ire1 9 a s*ool conduct$ ma9ly = ! sons ( ,indian (ficials4 ,/alky & ,co41 a broadly humor\s book ( s*oolboy life1 gives ! ,kipl+ ( ?is p]iod1 9 ! "* ( ! egregi\s ,beetle4 ,:5 only sev5te51 he return$ to ,india & imm$iately began j\rnali/ic "w4 ,= sev5 ye>s1 fir/ at ,lahore & lat] at ,allahabad1 he 0 busy ) ! usual hackwork ( a small newspap]4 ,dur+ ^! impressionable ye>s1 f sev5te5 to tw5ty-f\r1 he ga9$ 8 intimate k ( ! /rangely-color$1 _m-sid$ ,indian life4 ,8 fir/ /ories & poems1 (t5 writt5 9 hot ha/e1 to fill ! urg5t ne$ ( m copy1 appe>$ z waifs & /rays 9 ! pap]s = :i* he wrote4 ,a collection ( v]se1 ,dep>tm5tal ,ditties1 publi%$ at ,lahore 9 #ahhf1 0 well receiv$2 & x 0 quickly foll[$ by sev]al volumes ( %ort /ories4 ,8 ability ?us ga9$ e>ly recognition 9 ,india4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 he left ,india = ,london4 ,"h 8 books f\nd a publi%] almo/ at once1 & he 0 hail$ z a new lit]>y g5ius4 ,8 "w became s popul> t he 0 able to devote 8 :ole "t to writ+4 ,x is d\btful :e!r any writ] s9ce ,dick5s has receiv$ su* quick & en?usia/ic recognition f all classes ( ! ,engli%-speak+ race4 ,ev5 ! /reet-c> conductors 7 he>d quot+ him4 ,9 #ahib he m>ri$ ,miss ,c>ol9e ,bale/i]1 an ,am]ican1 & aft]w>ds liv$ = f\r ye>s at ,brattleboro1 ,v]mont4 ,lat] he settl$ 9 ,sussex1 ,engl&1 :5ce he has made long j\rneys to ,s\? ,africa1 ,canada1 & ,egypt1 amass+ m k ( ! ,engli% ar\nd ! ,sev5 ,seas4 ,probably ! mo/ rem>kable feature ( ,kipl+'s c>e] is ! e>ly age at :i* 8 g5ius develop$4 ,be=e he left ,india he _h publi%$ "o book ( v]se & sev5 prose collections4 ,by ! "t he 0 ?irty1 he _h writt5 ,! ,jungle ,books1 mo/ ( 8 be/ %ort /ories1 & "s ( 8 f9e/ v]se4 ,prose4--,z a ma/] ( ! mod]n %ort /ory1 ,kipl+ /&s unsurpass$4 ,8 j\rnali/ic "w help$ him to acquire a direct1 conc5trat$ /yle ( n>rative1 to f9d int]e/ 9 an a/oni%+ v>iety ( subjects1 & to seize on ! "r details = vivid pres5tation4 ,he 0 =tunate 9 discov]+ 9 ,india a new lit]>y field1 9 :i* 8 g5ius appe>s at its be/4 ,"s ( 8 e>ly tales ( ,indian life are m>r$ by crud5ess & by lack ( feel+2 b ^! faults decreas$ z he matur$4 ,kipl+'s /ories dep5d = _! int]e/ on incid5t1 n on analysis4 ,he embodies romantic adv5ture & action 9 ma/]pieces z diff]5t z ! t]rible trag$y ( ,! ,man ,:o w\ld be ,k+ 7#ahhh71 ! t5d] love /ory ( ,)\t ,b5efit ( ,cl]gy 7#ahij71 & ! my/ic dream-l& ( ,! ,bru%wood ,boy 7#ahie74 ,he specially enjoy$ portray+ ! ,engli% soldi]4 ,p]haps 8 be/-kn[n *>act]s are ! privates ,mulvaney1 ,or!ris1 & ,le>oyd1 :om we meet 9 su* tales ( m+l$ com$y & trag$y z ,) ! ,ma9 ,gu>d 7#ahhh71 ,on ,gre5h[ ,hill 7#ahia71 ,! ,inc>nation ( ,kri%na ,mulvaney 7#ahia71 ,! ,c\rt+ ( ,d9ah ,%add 7#aiha74 ,:5 ,kipl+ travel$ to new l&s1 he wrote /ories ( ,am]ica1 ,africa1 & ! deep sea2 b 8 lat] tales %[ an un=tunate increase 9 ! use ( te*nical t]ms & a less5+ ( 8 =m] da% & spontaneity4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 read]s :o pref] su* a delicate1 subtle1 /ory z ,!y 7#aije71 to 8 e>li] ma/]pieces ( /r5u\s action4 ,9 ,! ,jungle ,book 7#ahid7 & ,! ,second ,jungle ,book 7#ahie71 ,kipl+ has accompli%$ ! greate/ ( feats1--an orig9al creation4 ,f ! mom5t ! little br[n baby1 ,m[gli1 crawls into ,"m ,wolf's cave away f ,%]e ,khan1 ! tig]1 until ! "t = him to graduate f ! jungle1 we foll[ him "u ! spell ( a fasc9ation diff]5t f any t we h kn[n be=e4 ,! animals ( ! jungle h real p]sonalities1 f ! *att]+ ,b&>-log to ! lumb]+ k9dly ,baloo4 ,) all _! int5se individuality1 !y rema9 animals1 ea* "o true to 8 k9d1 hat+ or lov+ m51 ?9k+ ma9ly ?r\gh _! in/9cts1 & surpass+ human s*oolma/]s 9 tea*+ ,m[gli ! great laws ( ! jungle1--t ob$i5ce is ! head & ! ho( ( ! ,law1 t no?+ 0 ev] yet lo/ by sil5ce1 t1 9 ! jungle1 life & food dep5d on keep+ "o's temp]1 t no "o %all kill = ! pleasure ( kill+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m[gli ,,& ,,8 ,,bro!rs4 ,by p]mission ( ,c5tury ,company4 ,above all /&s ! "* ( ,m[gli1 ! wolf-adopt$ man-cub1 human & yet bro!r to ! animals4 ,) a t\* ( g5ius1 ,kipl+ reveal$ ! k9%ip betwe5 ,m[gli & ! d5iz5s ( ! jungle4 ,kipl+'s eyes c\ld see bo? ! h>% realism ( animal exi/5ce & ! g5u9e idealism ( ,"m ,wolf & ! ,pack & ! ,jungle-law4 ,j ,s ,/ories 7#aijb71 writt5 prim>ily = *ildr51 b ent]ta9+ to all1 is a collection ( romantic /ories1 mo/ly ( animals1 illu/rat$ by ,kipl+ himself4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! tales is ,! ,cat t ,walk$ by ,himself1 :i* has di/9ct e?ical value 9 %[+ h[ ! cat ?r\gh s]vice won 8 place by ! fireside4 ,?\gh ,kipl+ has writt5 f\r novels1 only two1 ,! ,light t ,fail$ 7#ahia7 & ,kim 7#aija71 c comp>e ) 8 be/ %ort /ories4 ,! ,light t ,fail$1 ! trag$y ( an arti/ :o becomes bl9d1 proves t ,kipl+ 0 able to h&le a long plot suffici5tly well to su/a9 int]e/4 ,kim is an attempt to pres5t z a m complet$ :ole t ,india ( :i* ! /ories give only glimpses4 ,on ! sl5d]e/ ?read ( plot is /rung a bewild]+ array ( sc5es1 *>act]s1 & incid5ts4 ,8 intimate k ( ,india & 8 photographic p[] ( description are "h us$ ) rem>kable picturesque effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cat ,,t ,,walk$4 ,copyright1 #aijb1 by ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 ,v]se4--,kipl+'s poetry has _m ( ! same qualities z 8 prose1--orig9ality1 =ce1 love ( action4 ,9 ,b>rack ,room ,ballads 7#ahib71 ! soldi] is aga9 celebrat$ 9 vigor\s songs ) sw++ *oruses4 ,m&alay1 ,fuzzy-,wuzzy1 ,danny ,deev]1 %[ :at spirit$ v]se c be fa%ion$ f a common ballad met] & a bold use ( dialect4 ,s 'ere's to y1 ,fuzzy-,wuzzy1 at y\r 'ome 9 ! ,s\dan2 ,y're a pore b5ight$ 'ea!n1 b a fir/ class fight9' man2 ,an' 'ere's to y1 ,fuzzy-,wuzzy1 ) y\r 'ayrick 'ead ( 'air-- ,y big black b\nd9' begg>--= y broke a ,briti% squ>e6 ,mu* ( 8 v]se is political4 ,8 op9ion ( que/ions at issue is sometimes giv5 ) mu* heat1 b always ) s9c]ity & true patriotism4 ,! be/ kn[n ( 8 patriotic songs1 & p]haps 8 noble/ poetic ef=t1 ,! ,recessional 7#ahig71 0 inspir$ by ! fiftie? anniv]s>y ( ,victoria's reign4 ,! ,truce ( ! ,be> 7#ahih7 is a w>n+ aga9/ ,russia4 ,! ,native-,born is a toa/ to ! colonies 9 e clime4 ,kipl+'s v]se breaks ) _m ( ! accept$ /&>ds ( ,engli% v]se4 ,he does n aim at su* pure beauty ( =m z we f9d 9 ,t5nyson4 ,he c h&le skillfully _m k9ds ( met]1 z is %[n 9 ,! ,song ( ! ,engli%1 ,! ,ballad ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,! ,song ( ! ,banjo1 & _m sea lyrics4 ,yet he uses mo/ly ! common measures1 atta9+ ) ^! a free sw+1 a fitt+ ( s\nd to s5se1 t are irresi/ible to ! _m-- ,common tunes t make y *oke & bl[ y\r nose1 ,vulg> tunes t br+ ! laugh t br+s ! groan-- ,i c rip y\r v he>t-/r+s out ) ^?4#ag ,"s ( 8 lat] "w %[s increas+ s]i\sness ( tone4 ,! ,recessional & ! ,hymn be=e ,action are elevat$ 9 ?\ght & expression4 ,! bigness ( ,l',envoi %[s poetic p[] capable ( high] flights3-- ,& only ! ,ma/] %all praise u1 & only ! ,ma/] %all blame2 ,& no "o %all "w = money1 & no "o %all "w = fame2 ,b ea* = ! joy ( ! work+1 & ea*1 9 8 sep>ate />1 ,%all draw ! ,?+ z he sees ,x = ! ,god ( ,?+s z ,!y ,are6#ah ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics4--,kipl+ has c>ri$ to _! highe/ developm5t ! pr9ciples ( ! ,bret ,h>te ,s*ool ( %ort /ory writ]s4 ,8 /yle possesses ^? qualities necess>y = tell+ a %ort tale1--directness1 =ce1 sugge/iv5ess4 ,r>ely has any writ] s ma/]$ ! te*nique1 ! craftsman%ip ( ?is p>ticul> lit]>y =m4 ,he has ! gift ( =ce & dramatic p[]1 r ?an ( beauty & delicacy4 ,he excels 9 sugge/ive vivid description1 & he draws wond]ful pictures ( all out-(-doors1 especially ( ! sea2 b nature rema9s m]ely ! backgr\nd = ! human figures4 ,mu* ( 8 vividness lies 9 ! use ( specific words4 ,if he %\ld employ ! phraseology ( 8 jungle laws to frame ! fir/ comm&m5t = writ]s1 x w\ld be3 ,sev5 times nev] be vague4 ,few au?ors h at ! v beg9n+ ( _! c>e] m implicitly he$$ su* a comm&m5t1 ob$i5ce to :i* is evid5t 9 ! foll[+ description f ,! ,c\rt+ ( ,d9ah ,%add3-- ,ov] our heads burn$ ! wond]ful ,indian />s1 :i* are n all prick$ 9 on "o plane1 b pres]v+ an ord]ly p]spective1 draw ! eye ?r\gh ! velvet d>kness ( ! void up to ! b>r$ doors ( heav5 itself4 ,! e>? 0 a grey %ad[ m unreal ?an ! sky4 ,we c\ld he> h] brea?+ lightly 9 ! pauses betwe5 ! h[l+ ( ! jackals1 ! movem5t ( ! w9d 9 ! tam>isks1 & ! fitful mutt] ( musketry-fire leagues away to ! left4 ,a native woman f "s unse5 hut began to s+1 ! mail tra9 ?und]$ pa/ on its way to ,delhi1 & a roo/+ cr[ caw$ dr[sily4 ,abundant & vivid use ( metaphors s]ves to r5d] 8 concret5ess m v>i$ & impressive4 ,we f9d ^! 9 su* expressions z ! velvet d>kness1 ! kiss ( ! ra91 ! tree-road4 ,8 cele/ial arti/s spla% at a t5-league canvas ) bru%es ( comet's hair4 ,five words f ,mulvaney expla9 :y he does n wi% to leave 8 t5t3 ',tis ra99' intr5*9' tools outside4 ,kipl+'s _s is ess5tially mascul9e4 ,he pref]s to write ( m51 "w1 & battle1 r ?an ( wom5 & love4 ,s9ce 8 int]e/ is ma9ly 9 action1 he %[s small ability 9 "* draw+4 ,8 p are cle>-cut & alive1 b we d n see !m gr[ & develop z d ,george ,eliot's *>act]s4 ,above all1 he /&s z ! int]pret] ( ! ideals & ! int]e/s ( ! ,anglo-,saxons ( 8 "t4 ,^? t5d5cies ( ! age1 :i* seem to o!rs s dang]\sly mat]iali/ic1 are ! v causes ( 8 ze/ 9 life4 ,9 an age ( ma*9]y1 he writes ( ! romance ( /eam1 ! s\l ( an eng9e1 ! flight ( an air%ip4 ,8 is a "w-a-day _w2 b 9 "w well done1 9 ob$i5ce to ! e/abli%$ law1 & 9 c\rage1 he sees ! prov+ ( manhood1 ! te/ ( ! true g5tleman-- ,:o _h done 8 "w & held 8 peace & _h no fe> to die4 ,und]ly+ all 8 ?\ght is a deep belief 9 ! ,god ( our fa!rs1 a ,god j to puni% or rew>d1 :om ! ,engli% h rev]5c$ ?r\gh all _! hi/ory4 ,l9k$ ) ?is fai? is an int5se feel+ ( patriotism t[>d t l>g] ,engl& ( 8 imp]iali/ic vision4 ,^! qualities ju/ly br\ght ,kipl+ ! #aijg ,nobel prize = idealism 9 lit]ature4 ,he is truly ! ideali/ ( a practical age1 tea*+ ! romance1 ! joy1 ! vision 9 ! common facts & virtues ( pres5t-day life4 ,,summ>y ,! hi/ory & lit]ature ( ! ,victorian age %[ ! influ5ce ( sci5ce4 ,d>w9's conception ( evolution affect$ all fields ( ?\ght4 ,! t5d5cy t[>d analysis & dissection is a result ( sci5tific influ5ce4 ,9 describ+ ! prose ( ! ,victorian age1 we h consid]$ ! "w ( ?irte5 writ]s2 namely1 ,macaulay1 ! brilliant essayi/ & hi/orian ( ! mat]ial advancem5t ( ,engl&2 ,newman1 essayi/ & !ologian1 :o is not$ = cle> /yle1 acute ?\ght1 & argum5tative p[]2 ,c>lyle1 :o awoke 9 8 g5]ation a desire = great] a*ievem5t1 & :o *ampion$ ! spiritual int]pretation ( life 9 philosophy & hi/ory2 ,rusk91 ! apo/le ( ! beautiful & ( m ideal relations 9 social life2 ! essayi/ ,pat]1 ^: prose is t+$ ) poetic color & my/ic ?\ght2 ,arnold1 ! great analytical critic2 ,dick5s1 educational & social re=m]1 ^: novels deal *iefly ) ! l[] classes2 ,?ack]ay1 ^: fiction is n surpass$ 9 ke51 satiric analysis ( ! upp] classes ( society2 ,george ,eliot1 ^: reali/ic /ories ( middle-class life %[ ! influ5ce ( sci5ce 9 h] conception ( "* z an ord]ly e?ical gr[?2 ,/ev5son1 an arti/ 9 /yle1 writ] ( romances1 essays1 & poems = *ildr52 ,m]$i?1 subtle noveli/1 di/+ui%$ = 8 comic _s & portrayal ( male egotism2 ,h>dy1 reali/ic noveli/ ( ! l[ly life ( ,wessex2 ,kipl+1 ^: ,jungle ,books are an orig9al creation1 & ^: %ort /ories surpass ^? ( all o!r contempor>ies4 ,9 poetry1 ! age is be/ repres5t$ by five m52 namely1 ,arnold1 :o voices ! feel+ ( d\bt & unre/2 ,br[n+1 :o1 by 8 optimi/ic philosophy1 leads to impregnable heights ( fai?1 :o analyzes emotions & notes ! developm5t ( s\ls z !y /ruggle aga9/ opposition f )9 & )\t1 until !y rea* mom5ts ( supreme victory or defeat2 ,t5nyson1 ^: c>eful art mirrors 9 beautiful v]se mu* ( ! ?\ght ( ! age1 ! influ5ce ( sci5ce1 ! unre/1 ! desire to "k ! problems ( ! future1 z well z to /eal occasional glances at beauty = its own sake2 ,sw9burne1 ! greate/ arti/ s9ce ,milton 9 ! te*nique ( v]se2 & ,kipl+1 ! poet ( imp]iali/ic ,engl&1 ^: ballads s+ ( h] soldi]s & sailors1 & ^: lyrics proclaim ! ,anglo-,saxon fai? & joy 9 work+4 ,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,,hi/orical ,walk]'s ,ess5tials 9 ,engli% ,hi/ory1 ,*5ey's ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,mc,carthy's ,hi/ory ( ,our ,own ,times1 ,*5ey's ,indu/rial & ,social ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,traill's ,social ,engl&1 ,,vi4 ,,lit]>y ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,walk]'s ,! ,lit]ature ( ! ,victorian ,era4 ,magnus's ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,sa9tsbury's ,a ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,k5n$y's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 #ahhj-aije4 ,walk]'s ,great] ,victorian ,poets4 ,br[nell's ,victorian ,prose ,ma/]s4 ,payne's ,! ,great] ,engli% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,brooke's ,f\r ,victorian ,poets 7,rossetti1 ,arnold1 ,morris74 ,p]ry's ,a ,/udy ( ,prose ,fiction4 ,b5son's ,rossetti4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,noyes's ,william ,morris4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,trevelyan's ,life & ,lett]s ( ,macaulay4 ,morrison's ,macaulay4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,m9to's ,engli% ,prose ,lit]ature 7,macaulay & ,c>lyle74 ,b>ry's ,newman4 ,w>d's ,! ,life ( ,john ,h5ry1 ,c>d9al ,newman1 #b vols4 ,newman's ,lett]s & ,correspond5ce1 ) a ,brief ,autobiography4 ,c>lyle's ,rem9isc5ces4 ,fr\de's ,?omas ,c>lyle1 #b vols4 ,ni*ol's ,c>lyle4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,g>nett's ,?omas ,c>lyle4 7,g4,w47 ,fr\de's ,jane ,wel% ,c>lyle1 #b vols4 ,t4 & ,a4 ,c>lyle's ,new ,lett]s & ,memorials ( ,jane ,wel% ,c>lyle4 ,cook's ,! ,life ( ,john ,rusk91 #b vols4 ,rusk9's ,praet]ita1 ,sc5es & ,?\ghts ( ,my ,pa/ ,life4 ,b5son's ,rusk93 ,a ,/udy 9 ,p]sonality4 ,e>l&'s ,rusk9 & 8 ,circle4 ,h>rison's ,john ,rusk94 7,e4,m4,l47 ,birrell's ,life ( ,*>lotte ,bront4 ,fo/]'s ,life ( ,dick5s 7abridg$ & revis$ by ,giss+74 ,kitton's ,dick5s1 8 ,life1 ,writ+s1 & ,p]sonality4 ,giss+'s ,*>les ,dick5s3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,*e/]ton's ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,hughes's ,dick5s z an ,educator4 ,philip's ,a ,dick5s ,diction>y4 ,melville's ,william ,makepeace ,?ack]ay1 #b vols4 ,trollope's ,?ack]ay4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,m]ivale & ,m>zials's ,life ( ,?ack]ay4 7,g4,w47 ,mudge & ,se>s's ,a ,?ack]ay ,diction>y4 ,cross's ,george ,eliot's ,life z ,relat$ 9 h] ,lett]s & ,j\rnals4 ,br[n+'s ,life ( ,george ,eliot4 7,g4,w47 ,/eph5s's ,george ,eliot4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,cook's ,george ,eliot3 ,a ,critical ,/udy ( h] ,life1 ,writ+s1 & ,philosophy4 ,olcott's ,george ,eliot3 ,sc5es & ,p 9 ,h] ,novels4 ,hamilton's ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 ,balf\r's ,! ,life ( ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son1 #b vols4 ,! ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son1 edit$ by ,sidney ,colv94 ,raleigh's ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 ,ham]ton's ,/ev5soniana4 ,japp's ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 ,ham]ton's ,george ,m]$i?3 ,8 ,life & ,art 9 ,anecdote & ,criticism4 ,lett]s ( ,george ,m]$i?1 #b vols4 ,/urge ,h5d]son's ,george ,m]$i?4 ,bailey's ,! ,novels ( ,george ,m]$i?3 ,a ,/udy4 ,trevelyan's ,! ,poetry & ,philosophy ( ,george ,m]$i?4 ,bea*'s ,! ,comic ,_s 9 ,george ,m]$i?4 ,lionel ,johnson's ,! ,art ( ,?omas ,h>dy4 ,macdonell's ,?omas ,h>dy4 ,ab]crombie's ,?omas ,h>dy3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,saxelby's ,?omas ,h>dy ,diction>y4 ,phelps's ,essays on ,mod]n ,noveli/s 7,h>dy1 ,kipl+1 ,/ev5son74 ,b5son's ,walt] ,pat]4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,paul's ,mat!w ,arnold4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,sa9tsbury's ,mat!w ,arnold4 ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,br[n+ & ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,b>rett4 ,griff9 & ,m9*9's ,! ,life ( ,rob]t ,br[n+4 ,*e/]ton's ,rob]t ,br[n+4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,%>p's ,life ( ,br[n+4 7,g4,w47 ,symons's ,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,br[n+4 ,fo/]'s ,! ,message ( ,rob]t ,br[n+4 ,orr's ,a ,h&book to ! works ( ,rob]t ,br[n+4 ,alfr$1 ,"l ,t5nyson1 ,a ,memoir1 by 8 son4 ,b5son's ,alfr$ ,t5nyson 7! be/ brief "w74 ,lyall's ,t5nyson4 7,e4,m4,l47 ,brooke's ,t5nyson3 ,8 ,art & ,relation to ,mod]n ,life4 ,van ,dyke's ,! ,poetry ( ,t5nyson4 ,gordon's ,! ,social ,ideals ( ,alfr$ ,t5nyson4 ,lacky]'s ,t5nyson z a ,/ud5t & ,poet ( ,nature4 ,luce's ,h&book to ! ,works ( ,alfr$1 ,"l ,t5nyson4 ,woodb]ry's ,sw9burne4 ,?omas's ,alg]non ,*>les ,sw9burne3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,kn[les's ,kipl+ ,prim]4 ,le ,galli5e's ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 ,a ,criticism4 ,clem5s's ,a ,k5 ( ,kipl+4 ,"y's ,diction>y ( ! ,*>act]s & ,sc5es 9 ! ,/ories & ,poems ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 ,canby's ,! ,%ort ,/ory 9 ,engli% 7,kipl+74 ,coop]'s ,"s ,engli% ,/ory ,tell]s 7,kipl+74 ,leeb-,lundb]g's ,^w ,=mation 9 ,kipl+ 7excell5t74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,! ,pre-,raphaelites4--,read ,rossetti's ,! ,bless$ ,damozel1 ,si/] ,hel51 ,! ,k+'s ,trag$y1 ,love's ,nocturne1 & ,m>y's ,girlhood4 ,all ( ^! are giv5 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,selections may be f\nd 9 ,bronson1#ai ,,iv41 ,c5tury1 ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian v]se1 & ,manly1 ,i4 ,selections f ,*ri/9a ,rossetti's ,pre-,raphaelite v]se are giv5 9 all except ,page4 ,f ,william ,morris1 read ,two ,r$ ,roses ,across ! ,moon1 ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e 7,page's ,briti% ,poets71 & ! selections f ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise 9 ei!r ,page1 ,c5tury1 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 or ,manly1 ,i4 ,:at "p did ,rusk9 play 9 ?is new movem5t8 ,po9t out ! simple/1 ! mo/ affect+1 & ! mo/ pleas+ /anza 9 ,! ,bless$ ,damozel4 ,:at ,pre-,raphaelite qualities 9 ?is poem h made x su* a favorite8 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,rossetti's o!r v]se8 ,note specially ,miss ,rossetti's religi\s v]se4 ,:at ,pre-,raphaelite qualities d ,morris's ,two ,r$ ,roses across ! ,moon 7#aheh7 & ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e 7#aheh7 %[8 ,comp>e ?is e>ly v]se ) ! selections f ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise 7#ahfh-ahgj74 ,macaulay4--,read ei!r ! ,essay on ,milton or ! ,essay on ,addison 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics or ,gateway ,s]ies7 or ! selections 9 ,craik1 ,v41 ,manly1 ,,ii41 ,c5tury1 or ,dick9son & ,roe's ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,prose4 ,read ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,*ap4 ,,ix41 or ! selections 9 ,craik ,v41 or ,c5tury1 or ,manly1 ,,ii4 ,:at are "s ( ! qualities t cause ,macaulay's writ+s to out/rip 9 popul>ity o!r works ( a simil> nature8 ,:at qualities 9 8 /yle may be comm5d$ to "y writ]s8 ,:at are 8 special defects8 ,contra/ 8 n>rative /yle 9 ,*ap4 ,,ix4 ( ! ,hi/ory ) ,c>lyle's 9 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,book ,v41 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,newman4--,! be/ volume ( selections is edit$ by ,lewis ,e4 ,gates 7#bbh pages1 #ge c5ts74 ,dick9son & ,roe's ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,engli% ,prose conta9s ,newman's essay on ,lit]ature4 ,selections are giv5 9 ,craik ,v41 ,c5tury1 & ,manly1 ,,ii4 ,comp>e 8 /yle ) ,macaulay's & note ! resemblance & ! diff]5ce4 ,:y did ,newman call himself a rhetorician8 ,:at qualities does he add to ^? ( a rhetorician8 ,select passages t %[ 8 special cle>ness1 concret5ess1 also 8 rhetorical & argum5tative p[]4 ,c>lyle4--,read ! ,essay on ,rob]t ,burns 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics or ,gateway ,s]ies72 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 ,book ,,iii41 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y72 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,book ,v41 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y74 ,selections may be f\nd 9 ,craik1 ,v41 ,c5tury1 ,manly1 ,,ii41 & ,evans's ,c>lyle 7,ma/]s ( ,lit]ature74 ,:at m>k$ diff]5ce 9 mann] ( treatm5t is %[n 9 ,macaulay's ,milton or ,addison & ,c>lyle's ,burns8 ,:at 0 ,c>lyle's message 9 ,s>tor ,res>tus8 ,:at did ,huxley & ,tyndale say ( 8 influ5ce8 ,:at are ! mo/ notewor?y qualities ( ,! ,fr5* ,revolution8 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,c>lyle's /yle8 ,rusk94--,9 ,vol4 ,i41 ,"p ,,ii41 ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 read ! fir/ "p ( ,*ap4 ,i4 ( ,sec4 ,,iii41 ,*ap4 ,i4 ( ,sec4 ,,iv41 & ,*ap4 ,i4 ( ,sec4 ,v41 & note ,rusk9's surpris+ accuracy ( k 9 deal+ ) aspects ( ! natural _w4 ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,*ap4 ,,iv41 /ates ,rusk9's !ory ( art & its close relation to morality4 ,excell5t selections f ! v>i\s works ( ,rusk9 w be f\nd 9 ,an ,introduction to ! ,writ+s ( ,john ,rusk91 by ,vida ,d4 ,scudd]4 ,selections are also giv5 9 ,c5tury1 ,manly1 ,,ii41 ,riv]side ,lit]ature ,s]ies1 & ,bronson's ,engli% ,essays 7,mod]n ,pa9t]s & ,=s ,clavig]a74 ,sesame & lilies1 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 & ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice are publi%$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,:at 0 ! message ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s8 ( ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice8 ( ,=s ,clavig]a8 ,:y is ,rusk9 call$ a disciple ( ,c>lyle8 ,select a passage f ,rusk9's descriptive prose & indicate its *ief qualities4 ,bront1 ,bulw] ,lytton1 ,gaskell1 ,trollope1 ,k+sley1 ,reade1 ,blackmore1 & ,b>rie4--,jane ,eyre 7,*>lotte ,bront71 ,wu!r+ ,heights 7,emily ,bront71 ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii 7,lytton71 ,cran=d 7,gaskell71 ,b>*e/] ,t[]s 7,trollope71 ,we/w>d ,ho6 7,k+sley71 ,! ,cloi/] & ! ,he>? 7,reade71 & ,lorna ,doone 7,blackmore7 are all publi%$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,b>rie's ,! ,little ,m9i/] is includ$ 9 ,burt's ,home ,libr>y4 ,! works ( ! ,bront si/]s w be mu* m appreciat$ if ,mrs4 ,gaskell's ,life ( ,*>lotte ,bront 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y7 is read fir/4 ,! novels by ! ,bront si/]s1 ,mrs4 ,gaskell1 ,trollope1 & ,b>rie record _! impressions ( contempor>y life4 ,! o!r novels are hi/orical4 ,lytton gives a vivid acc\nt ( ! la/ days ( ,pompeii4 ,k+sley ?rills ) 8 /ory ( ! sailors ( ,elizabe?'s "t4 ,reade1 :o /udi$ libr>ies to insure ! accuracy ( ,! ,cloi/] & ! ,he>?1 portrays vividly ! oncom+ ( ! ,r5aissance 9 he fifte5? c5tury4 ,blackmore's great /ory1 :i* records "s incid5ts ( ! ,monm\? rebellion 7#afhe71 is writt5 m to int]e/ ?an to ?r[ light on hi/ory4 ,dick5s4--,! fir/ works ( ,dick5s to be read are ,pickwick ,pap]s1 ,a ,*ri/mas ,c>ol1 & ,david ,copp]field4 ,^! are all publi%$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,craik1 ,v41 gives ,mr4 ,pickwick on ! ,ice1 ,*ri/mas at ! ,crat*it's1 & two sc5es f ,david ,copp]field4 ,select passages t %[ 7a7 humor1 7b7 pa?os1 7c7 sympa?y ) *ildr51 7d7 optimism4 ,describe "s "o ( ! *>act]s4 ,c y in/ance a case "h a mann]ism is made to take ! place ( o!r *>act]ization8 ,is ,dick5s a ma/] ( plot8 ( /yle8 ,?ack]ay4--,read ,h5ry ,esmond 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics7 & ,! ,engli% ,humori/s ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury 7,macmillan's ,pocket ,classics74 ,craik1 ,v41 & ,manly1 ,,ii4 give selections4 ,contra/ ! mann] ( treatm5t 9 ,?ack]ay's hi/orical novel1 ,h5ry ,esmond1 & 9 ,scott's hi/orical romance1 ,ivanhoe4 ,?ack]ay says3 ,! be/ humor is t :i* conta9s mo/ humanity--t :i* is flavor$ ?r\gh\t ) t5d]ness & k9dness4 ,w\ld ?is s]ve z a def9ition ( ,?ack]ay's own /yle ( humor8 ,/ate def9itely h[ he diff]s f ,dick5s 9 portray+ "*4 ,comp>e ,?ack]ay's ,engli% ,humori/s ) ,macaulay's ,milton & ,c>lyle's ,burns4 ,:i* essay leaves ! mo/ def9ite ideas8 ,:i* is ! mo/ int]e/+8 ,:i* has ! mo/ atmosph]e8 ,h[ %\ld y *>act]ize ,?ack]ay's /yle8 ,george ,eliot4--,read ,silas ,m>n] 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics or ,gateway ,s]ies71 or selections 9 ,craik1 ,v41 or ,manly1 ,,ii4 ,9 :at does ! *ief /r5g? ( ,silas ,m>n] consi/1--9 ! plot1 ! *>act]s1 or ! description8 ,does ! e?ical purpose ( ?is novel gr[ naturally out ( ! /ory8 ,is ! inn] life or only ! outw>d appe>ance ( ! *>act]s reveal$8 ,:]e9 d !y %[ gr[?8 ,/ev5son4--,read ,treasure ,isl& 7,eclectic ,engli% ,classics or ,gateway ,s]ies71 ,inl& ,voyage1 & ,travels ) a ,donkey 7,gateway ,s]ies74 ,f ! essays read ,*ild's ,play1 ,aes ,triplex 7bo? 9 ,virg9ibus ,pu]isque74 ,"s ( ! essays & be/ %ort /ories 7includ+ ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde7 are giv5 9 ,canby & ,pi]ce's ,selections f ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 ,f ! volume ( poems call$ ,und]woods1 read ,! ,cele/ial ,surgeon & ,requiem4 ,a ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]se may be read entire 9 an h\r4 ,comp>e ,treasure ,isl& ) ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,an ,inl& ,voyage & ,travels ) a ,donkey8 ,:y is he call$ a romantic writ]8 ,z an essayi/1 comp>e him ) ,?ack]ay4 ,:at are ! special qualities ( 8 /yle8 ,george ,m]$i?4--,! ,egoi/ is ,m]$i?'s mo/ repres5tative novel4 ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el & ,diana ( ! ,crossways are also ma/]pieces4 ,f ! ,poems read ,love 9 ! ,valley1 ,! ,l>k ,asc5d+1 ,melan?us1 ,jump-to-,glory ,jane4 ,:at is ! c5tral purpose ( ,! ,egoi/8 ,select specially ,m]$i?ian passages :i* %[ 8 g5]al *>act]i/ics4 ,c y f9d any o!r au?or ^: humor resembles ,m]$i?'s8 ,w\ld he naturally be m popul> ) m5 or ) wom58 ,h>dy4--,h>dy's mo/ enjoyable novel is ,f> f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d4 ,! ,return ( ! ,native is "o ( 8 /ronge/ works4 ,:at are "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ces betwe5 him & ,m]$i?8 ,:i* "o is naturally ! bett] /ory-tell]8 ,:]e are ! sc5es ( mo/ ( ,h>dy's novels laid8 ,:at is 8 !ory ( life8 ,arnold4--,read ,dov] ,bea*1 ,memorial ,v]ses1 ,/anzas 9 ,memory ( ! ,au?or ( ,ob]mann & ,sohrab & ,ru/um 7,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 ,manly1 ,i474 ,is ,arnold ! poet ( fancy or ( reflection8 ,h[ does 8 poetry %[ "o phase ( n9ete5?-c5tury ?\ght8 ,arnold's ,essays1 ,lit]>y & ,critical are publi%$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,! be/ volume ( selections f ! prose writ+s ( ,arnold is ! "o edit$ by ,lewis ,e4 ,gates 7#cdh pages1 #ge c5ts74 ,good selections are giv5 9 ,craik1 ,v41 ,manly1 ,i4 7,sweetness & light71 ,c5tury 7,! ,/udy ( ,poetry74 ,arnold's ,introduction to ,w>d1 ,i41 is well wor? read+4 ,:at quality specially m>ks ,arnold's criticism8 ,comp>e him z a critic ) ,col]idge1 ,macaulay1 ,c>lyle1 & ,?ack]ay4 ,:at are ! advantages & disadvantages ( a /yle l ,arnold's8 ,pat]4--,read ! essay1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 7,dick9son & ,roe's ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,prose1 pp4 #cch-cfh71 f ,pat]'s gold5 book1 ,! ,r5aissance3 ,/udies 9 ,art & ,lit]ature4 ,e4,e4 ,hale's ,selections f ,walt] ,pat] 7#bfh pages1 #ge c5ts7 gives repres5tative selections4 ,manly1 ,,ii41 & ,c5tury give ! essay on ,/yle4 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,pat]'s /yle8 ,comp>e x ) ,macaulay's1 ,newman's1 ,rusk9's1 & ,mat!w ,arnold's4 ,has ,pat] a message8 ,does he %[ ! _s ( ! "t8 ,! ,br[n+s4--,f ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+1 read ,c[p]'s ,grave1 ! ,cry ( ! ,*ildr51 & f h] ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 ,nos4 ,i41 ,,iii41 ,,vi41 ,x41 ,,xviii41 ,,xx41 ,,xxvi41 ,,xxviii41 ,,xli41 ,,xliii4 ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s v]se comes f ! he>t & %\ld be felt r ?an criticiz$4 ,fre% int]e/ may1 h[ev]1 by giv5 to a /udy ( h] ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 by comp>+ !m ) any o!r s]ies ( love sonnets1 except+ ,%akespe>e's4 ,rob]t ,br[n+'s %ort] poems are be/ = ! beg9n]1 :o %\ld read ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra1 ,abt ,vogl]1 ,home ,?\ghts f ,abroad1 ,prospice1 ,saul1 ,! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,hamel94 ,bak]'s ,br[n+'s ,%ort] ,poems 7,macmillan's ,pocket ,classics7 conta9s a v good collection ( 8 %ort] poems4 ,repres5tative selections f ,br[n+'s poems are giv5 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se1 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 ,manly1 ,i41 & ,c5tury4 ,br[n+'s ma/]piece1 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book 7,ox=d ,edition1 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press7 w\ld be apt to repel beg9n]s4 ,?is %\ld be /udi$ only aft] a previ\s acqua9tance ) 8 %ort] poems4 ,def9e ,br[n+'s cre$ z f\nd 9 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra4 ,is he an e?ical tea*]8 ,is !re any simil>ity betwe5 8 tea*+ & ,c>lyle's8 ,:at mo/ int]e/s ,br[n+1--^w-pa9t+1 n>ration1 action1 psy*ological analysis1 or te*nique ( v]se8 ,see :e!r a comp>ison ( 8 ,prospice ) ,t5nyson's ,cross+ ! ,b> does n help y to und]/& ,br[n+'s peculi> ca/ ( m9d4 ,:at qualities 9 ,br[n+ entitle him to be rank$ z a great poet8 ,t5nyson4--,f 8 #ahdb volume1 read ! poems m5tion$ on page #eef4 ,f ,! ,pr9cess1 read ! lyrical songs2 f ,9 ,memoriam1 ! p>ts numb]$ ,,xli41 ,,liv41 ,,lvii41 & ,,cxxxi42 f ,maud1 ! elev5 /anzas beg9n+3 ,come into ! g>d51 ,maud2 f ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+1 read ,g>e? & ,lynette1 ,lancelot & ,ela9e1 ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur 7,van ,dyke's edition 9 ,gateway ,s]ies72 f 8 lat] poems1 ,! ,high] ,pan!ism1 ,locksley ,hall ,sixty ,ye>s ,aft]1 & ,cross+ ! ,b>4 ,! be/ s+le volume edition ( ,t5nyson's works is publi%$ 9 ,macmillan's ,globe ,poets4 ,selections are giv5 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se1 ,manly1 ,i41 & ,c5tury4 ,9 ,! ,palace ( ,art1 /udy c>efully ! /anzas f ,,xiv4 to ,,xxiii41 :i* are illu/rative ( ,t5nyson's *>act]i/ic /yle ( description4 ,comp>e ,locksley ,hall ) ,locksley ,hall ,sixty ,ye>s ,aft]1 & note ! diff]5ce 9 ?\ght & metrical =m4 ,does ! lat] poem %[ a ga9 ov] ! e>li]8 ,comp>e ,t5nyson's nature poetry ) t ( ,keats & ,wordswor?4 ,to :at is *iefly due ! pleasure 9 read+ ,t5nyson's poetry3 to ! imag]y1 =m1 ?\ght8 ,:at idea ( 8 fai? d y ga9 f ,9 ,memoriam & ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur8 ,9 :at is ,t5nyson ! poetic expon5t ( ! age8 ,is x probable t ,t5nyson's popul>ity w increase or wane8 ,select "s ( 8 v]se t y ?9k w be z popul> a hundr$ ye>s h5ce z n[4 ,sw9burne4--,read ,a ,song 9 ,"t ( ,ord]1 ,! ,y\? ( ! ,ye> 7,atlanta 9 ,calydon71 ,a ,mat*1 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,pros]p9e1 ,h]?a1 ,by ! ,nor? ,sea1 ,! ,hymn ( ,man1 ,! ,r\ndel1 ,a ,*ild's ,laught]4 ,! mo/ ( ! above are giv5 9 ,page's ,briti% ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,bronson1 ,,iv41 ,manly1 ,i41 ,c5tury1 ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se4 ,comp>e bo? ! metrical skill & poetic ideas ( ,sw9burne & ,t5nyson4 ,c y f9d any poet :o surpasses ,sw9burne 9 ! te*nique ( v]se8 ,:at are 8 *ief excell5cies & faults8 ,kipl+4--,read ,! ,jungle ,books4 ,! foll[+ are among ! be/ ( 8 %ort /ories3 ,! ,man ,:o ,w\ld be ,k+1 ,! ,bru%wood ,boy1 ,! ,c\rt+ ( ,d9ah ,%add1 ,drums ( ! ,=e & ,aft1 ,)\t ,b5efit ( ,cl]gy1 ,on ,gre5h[ ,hill4 ,f 8 poems read ,m&alay1 ,fuzzy-,wuzzy1 ,danny ,deev]1 ,! ',ea!n1 ,ballad ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,recessional1 ,! ,:ite ,man's ,burd52 also ,song ( ! ,banjo1 & ,l',envoi f ,sev5 ,seas1 publi%$ by ,d\bl$ay1 ,page & ,company4 ,:y is ,! ,jungle ,book call$ an orig9al creation8 ,:at are ! mo/ di/9ctive dualities ( ,kipl+'s %ort /ories8 ,po9t out 9 :at respects !y %[ ! me?ods ( ! j\rnali/4 ,h[ does ,kipl+ su/a9 ! int]e/8 ,:at limitations d y notice8 ,:at is specially rem>kable ab\t 8 /yle8 ,:at are ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( 8 v]se8 ,:at subjects appeal to him8 ,:y is 8 v]se s popul>8 ,m9or ,poets4--,read ! selections f ,cl\gh1 ,h5ley1 ,bridges1 ,davidson1 ,?ompson1 ,watson1 ,dobson & ,symons 9 ei!r ,! ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se or ,/ev5son's ,! ,home ,book ( ,v]se4 ,! ,poetical ,works ( ,rob]t ,bridges is inexp5sively publi%$ by ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,dobson's v]se has be5 ga!r$ into ! s+le volume ,collect$ ,poems 7#aiac74 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ea* ( ! above au?ors8 ,d ^! m9or v]sifi]s fill a want n fully suppli$ by ! great poets8 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,ix3 ,footnote #a3 ,a ,lib]al ,education & ,:]e to ,f9d ,x 7,lay ,s]mons74 ,footnote #b3 ,= sugge/$ read+s 9 ,pat]1 see p4 #ehd4 ,footnote #c3 ,pp4 #bbe-cfd ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press edition ( 8 ,poetical ,works4 ,footnote #d3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,footnote #e3 ,giv5 9 ,/ev5son's ,home ,book ( ,v]se & ,! ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se4 ,footnote #f3 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 ,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,footnote #g3 ,morison's ,life ( ,macaulay1 p4 #aci4 ,footnote #h3 ,! ,idea ( a ,univ]sity 7,lit]ature3 ,a ,lecture74 ,footnote #i3 ,= ,clavi]s1 ,lett] ,i4 ,footnote #aj3 ,praet]ita1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 ,*ap4 ,v4 ,footnote #aa3 ,silas ,m>n]1 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! ,s*ol> ,gypsy4 ,footnote #ac3 ,a ,s\!rn ,light4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! ,gr&e ,*>treuse4 ,footnote #ae3 ,home ,?\ghts f ,abroad4 ,footnote #af3 ,a4,c4 ,b5son's ,alfr$ ,t5nyson1 p4 #aeg4 ,footnote #ag #ah3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+ & ,d\bl$ay1 ,page & ,company4 ,footnote #ai3 ,= full titles1 see p4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,x3 ,,tw5tie?-,,c5tury ,,lit]ature ,int]e/ 9 ! ,pres5t4--,"o result ( ! gr[+ sci5tific _s has be5 an increas+ int]e/ 9 contempor>y problems & lit]ature4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,victorian age1 ! *ief "p ( ! lit]ature /udi$ 9 college 0 ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s old4 ,:5 ,engli% c\rses 7 f9ally add$1 !y frequ5tly end$ ) ,milton4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 _m colleges h c\rses 9 /rictly contempor>y lit]ature4 ,! sci5tific attitude t[>d life has caus$ a recognition ( ! fact t he :o disreg>ds curr5t lit]ature rema9s ignorant ( a "p ( ! life & ?\ght ( to-day & t he resembles ! ma!matician :o neglects "o factor 9 ! solution ( a problem4 ,x is true t ! future may take a diff]5t view ( all contempor>y ?+s1 includ+ lit]ature2 b ?is possibility does n ju/ify neglect ( ! pres5t4 ,we %\ld also rememb] t diff]5t /ages 9 ! gr[? ( nations & individuals con/antly necessitate *anges 9 e/imat+ ! relative importance ( ! ?\ght ( =m] c5turies4 ,! ,tr5d ( ,contempor>y ,lit]ature4--,! div]sity ( ta/e 9 ! wide circle ( tw5tie?-c5tury read]s has enc\rag$ au?ors ( bo? ! reali/ic & ! romantic s*ools4 ,! ma9 t5d5cy ( sci5tific influ5ce & ( ! new int]e/ 9 racial welf>e is t[>d realism4 ,9 8 /ories ( ! ,five ,t[ns1 ,arnold ,b5nett %[s h[ ! dull indu/rial life affects ! "* ( ! individual4 ,mu* ( ! fiction ( ,h4,g4 ,wells pres5ts matt] ( sci5tific or sociological int]e/4 ,poets l ,john ,masefield & ,wilfrid ,gibson s+ ) an almo/ prosaic s9c]ity ( ! life ( workm5 & ( ! squalid city /reets4 ,! drama is frequ5tly a /udy ( ! conditions affect+ contempor>y life4 ,tw5tie?-c5tury writ]s are n1 h[ev]1 neglect+ ! o!r great function ( lit]ature1--to *>m life ) romantic visions & to br+ to x deliv]ance f c>e4 ,! poetry ( ,noyes takes u back to ! days ( ,drake & to ! ,m]maid ,inn1 :]e we li/5 to ,%akespe>e1 ,m>l[e1 & ,jonson4 ,! ,iri% poets & dramati/s disclose a _w ( ! ,ev]-,"y1 :]e !re is3-- ,a laught] 9 ! diamond air1 a music 9 ! trembl+ grass4 ,! influ5ce ( ! great ,g]man skeptic1 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 7#ahdd-aijj71 appe>s 9 "s ( ,%aw's dramas1 z well z 9 ! novels ( ,wells2 b ! poets ( ?is age seem to h m fai? ?an ,sw9burne or ,mat!w ,arnold or "s ( ! m9or v]sifi]s ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,two prom95t essayi/s1 ,ar?ur ,*ri/oph] ,b5son 7#ahfb- 7 & ,gilb]t ,k4 ,*e/]ton 7#ahgd- 7 are s9c]e optimi/s4 ,su* volumes ( ,b5son's essays z ,f a ,college ,w9d[ 7#aijf71 ,beside ,/ill ,wat]s 7#aijg71 & ,?y ,rod & ,?y ,/aff 7#aiab7 h /r5g!n$ fai? & prov$ a tonic to _m4 ,*e/]ton is a sugge/ive & /imulat+ essayi/ 9 spite ( ! fact t he (t5 bomb>ds 8 read]s ) too mu* p>adox4 ,e>ly 9 life he 0 an agno/ic & a foll[] ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 b he lat] became a *ampion ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,sometimes ,*e/]ton seems to be m]ely clev]1 b he is usually too ?\ght-provok+ to be read passively4 ,8 ,rob]t ,br[n+ 7#aijc71 ,v>i$ ,types 7#aijc71 ,h]etics 7#aije71 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw 7#aiji71 & ,! ,victorian ,age 9 ,lit]ature 7#aiac7 keep mo/ read]s actively ?9k+4 ,,! ,,novel ,joseph ,conrad4--,?is son ( di/+ui%$ ,poli% exiles f ,russia1 ,joseph ,conrad ,korz5i[ski1 z he 0 orig9ally nam$1 0 born 9 ! ,ukra9e1 9 #aheg4 ,until 8 n9ete5? ye> he 0 unfamili> ) ! ,engli% language4 ,in/ead ( foll[+ ! lit]>y or milit>y traditions ( 8 family1 he jo9$ ! ,engli% m]*ant m>9e4 ,sail+ ! seas ( ! _w1 t\*+ at /range tropical ports & un*>t$ isl&s1 elb[+ all ! races ( ! globe1 he>+ all ! languages spok5 by man1--su* 7 ,conrad's activities betwe5 8 tw5tie? & ?irty-sev5? ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,joseph ,,conrad4 ,at ?irty-sev51 ne$+ a little re/1 he settl$ 9 ,engl& & began to write4 ,%ort /ories1 novels1 & an int]e/+ autobiographical volume1 ,a ,p]sonal ,record 7#aiab71 repres5t ,conrad's production4 ,among 8 able/ books are ,tales ( ,unre/ 7#ahih71 a volume ( sea /ories1 & ,"l ,jim 7#aijj71 a novel full ( ! fasc9ation ( /range seas & %ores1 b /ill m rem>kable = its se>*+ analysis ( a man's recov]y ( self-respect aft] a long p]iod ( remorse = failure to meet a mom5t>y crisis4 ,y\?1 ,a ,n>rative1 & ,two ,o!r ,tales 7#aijb71 conta9s "o ( ,conrad's /ronge/ /ories1 ,! ,end ( ! ,te!r4 ,?is is a t5d] /ory ( an old sea capta91 :o = ! sake ( a *]i%$ daught] holds 8 po/ aga9/ t]rific odds1 includ+ bl9dness & disgrace4 ,typhoon 7#aijc7 is an almo/ unrival$ acc\nt ( a %ip's fight aga9/ mad hurricanes & rag+ seas4 ,"o ( ,conrad's prime di/9ctions is 8 p[] to visualize sc5es4 ,! t]ror1 beauty1 caprice1 & m]cilessness ( ! sea2 ! sil5ce & /rang5ess ( ! imp5etrable tropical =e/2 atmosph]es t5se ) /orm or brilliant ) sun%9e1--^! he records ) /rong effect4 ,b ?\gh he has ga9$ 8 fame l>gely z a *ronicl] ( remote seas & %ores1 8 h&l+ ( ! human elem5t is b little less impressive4 ,conrad's me?od is unusual4 ,?\gh 8 s5t5ces are suffici5tly direct & t]se1 8 g5]al ord] ( n>ration is n /raight=w>d4 ,he (t5 seems to progress sl[ly at ! />t1 b aft] ! *>act]s h be5 made famili>1 ! /ory proce$s to its p[]ful & logical conclusion4 ,arnold ,b5nett4--,b5nett 0 born 9 ,hanley1 ,nor? ,/af=d%ire1 9 #ahfg4 ,he /udi$ law1 b ab&on$ x to become = sev5 ye>s an editor ( ,woman1 a ,london p]iodical4 ,9 #aijj he resign$ ?is position to devote himself entirely to lit]ature4 ,he w5t to ,france to live1 & began to write novels "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* & ,russian reali/ic noveli/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arnold ,,b5nett4 ,b5nett is ! au?or ( _m works ( unev5 m]it4 ,"s ( ^! 7 writt5 m]ely to /rike ! popul> ta/e & to sell4 ,8 s]i\s1 c>eful "w is se5 at its be/ 9 8 /ories ( ! ,five ,t[ns1 s call$ f ! small t[ns ( 8 native ,/af=d%ire4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! novels1 ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale 7#aijh71 is a pa9/ak+ record ( ! diff]5t temp]am5ts & exp]i5ces ( two si/]s1 f _! happy *ildhood to a pa!tic1 disillusion$ old age4 ,! intimate1 homely revelations & ! lit]al fidelity to life 9 ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale give x a high rank among tw5tie?-c5tury ,engli% novels4 ,clayhang] 7#aiaj7 is ano!r /rong /ory ( life 9 ! ,five ,t[ns pott]y di/rict ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,al?\gh ! h]o1 ,edw9 ,clayhang]1 is n a /rong p]sonality1 ,b5nett's art makes u ke5ly int]e/$ 9 ,edw9's simple1 impressionable nature1 9 8 eag]ness = life1 & 9 8 exp]i5ces z a "y dream]1 lov]1 son1 & bro!r4 ,hilda ,lessways 7#aiaa71 a companion volume to ,clayhang]1 b a /ory ( less p[]1 cont9ues ! hi/ory ( ! same *>act]s4 ,b5nett reveals 9 ^! novels "o ( 8 prime gifts1--! skill to pa9t dome/ic pictures vividly & to inve/ !m ) a di/9ct local atmosph]e4 ,8 art has won a signal triumph 9 ar\s+ int]e/ 9 simple sc5es & av]age *>act]s4 ,he c pres5t ! romance ( ! commonplace1--( gray1 dull monoton\s1 almo/ negative exi/5ce4 ,he has enliv5$ ! contempor>y /age ) a few brisk com$ies4 ,mile/ones 0 writt5 9 collaboration ) ,edw>d ,knoblau*1 an ,am]ican au?or4 ,its *>act]s1 repres5t+ ?ree g5]ations1 illu/rate humor\sly ! tru? t :at is to-day's innovation becomes to-morr['s ,augu/ conv5tion4 ,! ,honeymoon 7#aiaa7 is a f>ce ( misund]/&+s adroitly h&l$4 ,al?\gh ,b5nett has %[n great v]satility1 yet 8 individual1 /rong1 & vital "w is f\nd 9 ! "o field :]e he br+s u face to face ) ! circumscrib$1 b appeal+ life ( ! ,five ,t[ns di/rict ( 8 y\?4 ,john ,galswor?y4--,john ,galswor?y 0 born 9 ,coombe1 ,surrey1 9 #ahfg4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,ox=d ) an honor degree 9 law 9 #ahhi & 0 call$ to ! b> 9 #ahij4 ,he travel$ = a l>ge "p ( two ye>s1 visit+1 among o!r places1 ,russia1 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ,s\? ,africa1 & ! ,fiji ,isl&s4 ,on "o ( ^! trips he met ,joseph ,conrad1 !n a sailor1 & !y became w>m fri5ds4 ,galswor?y 0 tw5ty-eight :5 he began to write4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,galswor?y4 ,f\r ( 8 novels deal ) ! upp] classes ( ,engli% society4 ,! ,man ( ,prop]ty 7#aijf7 treats ( ! weal?y class1 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se 7#aijg7 pres5ts ! cons]vative c\ntry squire1 ,frat]nity 7#aiji7 portrays ! intellectual class1 & ,! ,patrician 7#aiaa7 pictures ! ari/ocrat4 ,galswor?y is ! rel5tless analyi/ ( well-to-d1 conv5tional ,engli% society4 ,z ,fr$]ic ,tab] ,coop] well says1 ,briti% /olidity1 ,briti% cons]vatism1 ! unv>y+ fixity ( ! social sy/em1 ! sacrifice ( individual ne$s & crav+s to ca/e & prec$5t & public op9ion1--^! are ! !mes :i* ,mr4 ,galswor?y nev] we>ies ( satiriz+ ) a mordant irony4 ,s9ce 8 object is to pres5t problems ( life1 _m ( 8 *>act]s are b types4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,soames ,=syte 9 ,! ,man ( ,prop]ty1 ,"l ,milt\n1 ,mrs4 ,noel1 & ,lady ,ca/]ley 9 ,! ,patrician1 are among ! mo/ brilliant & real *>act]s 9 mod]n fiction4 ,galswor?y's /yle is cle>1 8 plot con/ruction is excell5t1 & 8 humor 9 c>icatur+ social types has _m ( ! qualities ( ,dick5s's4 ,h]b]t ,george ,wells4--,wells 0 born 9 ,bromley1 ,k5t1 9 #ahff4 ,he expect$ to be a %opkeep] & 0 appr5tic$ 9 8 f\rte5? ye> to a *emi/2 b ?is did n satisfy 8 ambition4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 he won s*ol>%ips t enabl$ him to take a degree 9 sci5ce4 ,:ile prep>+ himself to graduate f ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 he work$ 9 ,huxley's laboratory4 ,! exp]im5ts !re inspir$ him to write /ories bas$ on sci5tific facts & hypo!ses1 su* z ,! ,"t ,ma*9e 7#ahie7 & ,9 ! ,days ( ! ,comet 7#aijf74 ,wells is also vitally int]e/$ 9 problems ( sociology4 ,! ,discov]y ( ! ,future 7#aijb7 & ,! ,future 9 ,am]ica 7#aijf7 pres5t possibilities ( sci5tifically plann+ man's fur!r developm5t4 ,kipps3 ,! ,/ory ( a ,simple ,s\l 7#aije7 & ,m>riage 7#aiab7 are 8 be/ works1 consid]$ z actual novels ( "*4 ,kipps is a bitt] b /rong portrayal ( ! pret5se & hypocrisy ( society & ( its in]tia 9 respond+ to human ne$s1 & ,m>riage is a subtle1 psy*ological analysis ( a conjugal misund]/&+ & an attempt$ readju/m5t4 ,wells's /udy ( man z a biological developm5t & 8 pref]5ce ( actual facts to s5tim5tal conclusions are 9 accord ) ! tr5d ( mod]n social sci5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]b]t ,,george ,,wells4 ,! "w ( ,wells cov]s a wide range ( subjects4 ,he has writt5 sci5tific romances1 blood-curdl+ tales1 /range phantasies1 prophetic ,utopias1 & sociological novels4 ,he %[s an increas+ t5d5cy to depict ! human /ruggle ) environm5t1 h]$ity1 & ! manifold =ces t affect ! e>n+ ( a livelihood4 ,8 *>act]s are m (t5 rememb]$ z specim5s exhibit+ "s phase ( life ?an z attractive or repell5t p]sonalities4 ,increas+ p[] ( portray+ "*1 h[ev]1 is evid5t 9 8 lat] "w4 ,he has a d>+ imag9ation1 a s5se ( humor1 satiric p[]1 & a capacity = express+ himself 9 vivid & picturesque ,engli%4 ,ed5 ,phillpotts 0 born 9 ,india 9 #ahfb4 ,8 novels1 h[ev]1 are z def9itely associat$ ) ,devon%ire z ,h>dy's are ) ,wessex1 & ,b5nett's ) ,nor? ,/af=d%ire4 ,phillpotts is not$ = 8 p[] to pa9t l&scapes ) figures4 ,! figures are ! f>m]s1 villag]s1 & %eph]ds ( t "p ( ,devon1 kn[n z ,d>tmoor2 & ! l&scapes are ! granite crags1 ! moors2 & f>ml&s ( good r$ e>?4 ,widecombe ,fair 7#aiac7 is ! tw5tie? volume t he has publi%$ z a result ( tw5ty ye>s' "w among ^! *ildr5 ( ,devon4 ,sometimes ! r\ghness & untutor$ emotions ( ! ,d>tmoor *>act]s repel ! read]s2 b ^! *>act]s =m /rong1 picturesque gr\ps ( human be+s1 & _! dialect adds a pleasant flavor to ! novels4 ,phillpotts's frequ5t use ( co9cid5ces weak5s ! effect & m>s ! naturalness ( ! plot1 s9ce _! recurr5ce comes to be anticipat$4 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,mi/ 7#ahih7 & ,demet]'s ,daught] 7#aiaa7 are among 8 able/ novels4 ,maurice ,hewlett 0 born 9 ,k5t 9 #ahfa1 ( an old ,som]set family4 ,he began writ+ 9 8 boyhood1 giv+ pro( ev5 !n ( 8 skill 9 cat*+ ! mann] ( o!r writ]s4 ,8 /yle to-day re*oes 8 read+ ( _m au?ors 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,engli%4 ,! ,life & ,dea? ( ,ri*>d ,yea-&-,nay 7#aijj7 %[s ,hewlett's romantic fancy & love = hi/orical *>act]s & pageants4 ,:ile ?is novel is full ( life1 color1 & movem5t1 x displays 8 pron5ess to all[ ! romantic ve9 to run to ! fanta/ic 9 bo? episode & /yle4 ,! ,/oop+ ,lady 7#aijg7 deals ) ! love ( a lady ( high degree = a humble y\? :om h] devotion ennobles4 ,hewlett's /yle is f9i%$ & ri*ly poetical1 b (t5 too ornate & too encru/$ ) ar*aic t]ms & o!r artificial =ms4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,quill]-,c\*1 born 9 ,cornwall 9 #ahfc1 is a fiction writ]1 critic1 poet1 & an?ologi/4 ,hav+ mu* ( ,/ev5son's love = romantic adv5ture1 he 0 *os5 to f9i% ,/4 ,ives1 left incomplete by ,/ev5son4 ,! ,spl5did ,spur 7#ahhi71 a spirit$ tale ( romance & w> 9 ! p]turb$ "t ( ,*>les ,i41 is "o ( 8 be/ /ories ( adv5ture4 ,among 8 books on simple ,corni% life may be m5tion$ ,! ,delectable ,du*y 7#ahic74 ,x is a collection ( %ort /ories & sket*es4 ,quill]-,c\* sees life )\t a t\* ( morbid somb]ness & he comm&s a vivaci\s1 highly-tra9$ /yle4 ,william ,fr5d ,de ,morgan 0 born 9 ,london1 9 #ahci4 ,he publi%$ 8 fir/ novel1 ,joseph ,vance 7#aijf71 at ! age ( sixty-sev54 ,?is pla91 /raight=w>d /ory ( a little boy befri5d$ by a g5]\s-he>t$ ,london doctor won = ,de ,morgan wide & he>ty applause4 ,:ile "s contempor>y writ]s fa%ion _! /yle & select _! mat]ial on ! models ( ,fr5* or ,russian reali/s1 ,de ,morgan goes to ! great ,engli% ma/]s1 ,?ack]ay & ,dick5s4 ,l !m1 ,de ,morgan writes copi\sly & leisurely4 ,alice-=-,%ort 7#aijg7 & ,someh[ ,good 7#aijh7 are /rong novels1 b ,joseph ,vance1 ) its c>elessly con/ruct$ plot & p[] to awak5 te>s & smiles1 rema9s ,de ,morgan's be/ piece ( fiction4 ,william ,john ,locke 0 born 9 ! ,b>bados 9 #ahfc4 ,he ga9$ mu* ( 8 reputation f 8 t5? book1 ,! ,belov$ ,vagabond 7#aijf74 ,! book takes its *>m f ! :imsical & quixotic temp]am5t ( ! h]o4 ,he is typical ( ,locke's o!r lead+ *>act]s1 :o1 l ,hamlet's fri5d1 ,horatio1 take =tune's buffets & rew>ds ) equal ?anks4 ,l o!r novels by ! same au?or1 ?is /ory is p]vad$ by a di/9ctly ,bohemian atmosph]e1 :]e9 ! ord9>y conv5tions ( society are disreg>d$4 ,locke's humor1 8 deft *>act]ization1 8 tol]ation ( human fail+s1 l>gely comp5sate = 8 lack ( significant plots4 ,he is sometimes :imsical to ! po9t ( ecc5tricity1 & 8 high spirits (t5 v]ge on extravagance2 b at 8 be/ he has ! p[] ( refre%+ ! read] ) g5tle irony1 g5ial laught]1 & love = human k9d4 ,israel ,zangwill1 ! ,jewi% writ]1 0 born 9 ,london 9 #ahfd4 ,he fir/ won fame by int]pret+ ! ,jewi% temp]am5t z he saw x manife/$ 9 ,london's d+y1 pitiful ,ghetto qu>t]4 ,?is ,ghetto ,london ( ours1 he says1 is a region :]e1 amid uncleanness & squalor1 ! rose ( romance bl[s yet a little long] 9 ! raw air ( ,engli% reality1 a _w ( dreams z fanta/ic & poetic z ! mirage ( ! ,ori5t :]e !y 7 wov54 ,9 8 volume1 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,ghetto 7#ahib71 ,zangwill admirably *ronicles ! lives ( ^! p & ! %>p contra/s betwe5 _! qua9t traditions & a great mod]n comm]cial city's cu/oms4 ,,poetry ,! ,celtic ,r5aissance4--,"s ( ! be/ rec5t ,engli% v]se has be5 writt5 by poets ( ,iri% bir? or sympa?ies4 ,because ( ! di/9ctive quality ( bo? ! poetry & prose ( ^! ,celtic writ]s1 ! t]m ,celtic ,r5aissance has be5 appli$ to _! "w1 :i* gl[s ) spiritual emotion & discloses a _w ( dreams1 fairies1 & romantic aspiration4 ,z ,ri*>d ,wagn] receiv$ f ! ,sc&9avian folk-lore ! inspiration = 8 great music1 z ,t5nyson f\nd ! inc5tive = ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+s 9 ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur1 s ! mod]n ,celtic poets turn$ back to ! primitive leg5ds ( _! c\ntry = tales ( ,cu*ula9 :o f\ght ! sea1 ,caolte :o besieg$ ! ca/le ( ! gods1 ,ois91 :o w&]$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9 ! l& ( ! immortals1 & ,deirdre :o /&s 9 ! same relation to ,celtic lit]ature z ,hel5 to ,greek & ,brunnhilde to ,g]man lit]ature4 ,"s ( ! fasc9ation t ! pa/ & its fairy k+dom ex]t$ ov] ^! poets may be f\nd 9 ?is /anza f ,russell's ,! ,gates ( ,dreaml&3-- ,oh1 ! gates ( ! m\nta9 h op5$ once aga9 ,& ! s\nd ( song & danc+ falls ^u ! e>s ( m51 ,& ! ,l& ( ,y\? lies gleam+1 flu%$ ) ra9b[ light & mir?4 ,& ! old en*antm5t l+]s 9 ! honey-he>t ( e>?4#a ,william ,butl] ,yeats4--,"o ( ! mo/ tal5t$ & active work]s 9 ?is ,celtic ,r5aissance is ,william ,butl] ,yeats1 born 9 #ahfe 9 ,dubl91 ,irel&4 ,he came f an arti/ic family1 8 fa!r1 bro!r1 & si/]s be+ ei!r arti/s or id5tifi$ ) ! arts & crafts movem5t4 ,yeats himself /udi$ art 9 ,dubl91 b poetry 0 m attractive to him ?an pa9t+4 ,he 0 greatly influ5c$ by sp5d+ 8 y\?ful days ) 8 gr&p>5ts 9 ,c\nty ,sligo1 :]e he he>d ! old ,iri% leg5ds told by ! peasants1 :o /ill believ$ !m4 ,he translat$ ^! /ories f ,iri% into ,engli% & wrote poems & essays relat+ to !m4 ,aft] rea*+ ! age ( ?irty-f\r1 he became engag$ 9 writ+ dramas & 9 assi/+ to e/abli% ! ,iri% ,national ,!at] 9 ,dubl94 ,9 ?us reviv+ ,irel&'s h]oic hi/ory1 ,yeats has s]v$ 8 c\ntry & 8 art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,butl] ,,yeats4 ,! ,w&]+s ( ,ois9 7#ahhi7 is 8 be/ n>rative poem4 ,ois91 "o ( ! anci5t ,celtic h]oes1 returns1 aft] ?ree hundr$ ye>s ( adv5ture1 to f9d ,irel& ,*ri/ianiz$4 ,/4 ,patrick he>s him relate t he _h be5 c>ri$ by 8 immortal wife1 ,niamh1 to ! l& ( ! ,ev]-,"y1-- ,:]e brok5 fai? has nev] be5 kn[n1 ,& ! blu%es ( fir/ love nev] h fl[n1#b t he _h battl$ = a hundr$ ye>s ) an undy+ foe1 & t 8 /r5g? _h n wan$ dur+ 8 /ay on ^? immortal %ores1 al?\gh he _h felt ! effect ( age :5 8 foot aga9 t\*$ 8 native l&4 ,! days ( gods & fight+ m5 are br\ght back 9 ?is romantic poem4 ,! battles1 h[ev]1 are n su* gory conflicts z ,scott & ,kipl+ c pa9t4 ,yeats's contemplative g5ius pres5ts bloodless battles1 symbolic ( life's cont9u$ fight1 & acc5tuates ! et]nal hope & peace 9 ! l& ( immortal y\?4 ,among 8 %ort] n>rative poems1 :i* %[ "s ( ! p[] ( ,! ,w&]+s ( ,ois91 are ,! ,dea? ( ,cu*ula91 ,! ,old ,age ( ,que5 ,maeve1 & ,baile & ,aill9n4 ,baille & ,aill9n are ! ,iri% ,romeo & ,juliet1 ea* ( :om he>s f ! baleful ,a5gus ! false report t ! o!r is dead4 ,ea* lov] unhesitat+ly seeks dea? 9 ord] to meet ! o!r at once beyond ^! mortal %ores4 ,yeats has also told simple /ories 9 simple v]se1 z may be se5 9 ,! ,ballad ( ,fa!r ,gilligan or ,! ,fiddl] ( ,dooney4 ,! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,yeats's "w is ! p5sive ye>n+ = a spiritual love1 = an un*eck$ joy1 & an un*ang+ peace beyond :at mortal life c give4 ,^! qualities are /rik+ly illu/rat$ by su* poems z ,into ! ,twilight1 ,! ,ev]la/+ ,voices1 ,! ,ho/+ ( ! ,sidhe 7,fairies71 ,! ,/ol5 ,*ild4 ,! v _s ( ,celtic poetry is se5 9 ^! l9es f ,! ,lake ,isle ( ,innisfree3-- ,& ,i %all h "s peace !re1 = peace comes dropp+ sl[1 ,dropp+ f ! veils ( ! morn+ to :]e ! cricket s+s2 ,!re midnight's all a glimm]1 & noon a purple gl[1 ,& ev5+ full ( ! l9net's w+s4#c ,yeats's v]se has be5 call$ dream-dr5*$ poems4 ,! t]m is admirably descriptive ( 8 romantic1 lyrical v]se4 ,george ,w4 ,russell4--,among ! mo/ prom95t ( ^! ,celtic imag9ative writ]s is ,george ,w4 ,russell 7#ahfg- 71 ! ,iri% ,em]son1 popul>ly kn[n z ,a4,e4 ,he is a poet1 a pa9t]1 a my/ic1 & a dramati/4 ,) ,lady ,gregory & ,yeats1 he has be5 "o ( ! mo/ active work]s = ! ,iri% ,national ,!at]4 ,he is an effici5t memb] ( ^? cop]ative societies :i* are try+ to improve ,irel&'s indu/rial & agricultural conditions4 ,russell's poetry is highly spiritual4 ,sometimes x is s my/ical t l ,prosp]o's mess5g]1 ,ariel1 x vani%es into ?9 air4 ,8 %ad[y pictures ( nature & 8 lyrical beauty & t5d]ness are evid5t 9 two little volumes ( 8 v]se1 ,homew>d ,songs by ! ,way 7#ahid7 & ,! ,div9e ,vision 7#aijd74 ,?is ,/anza f ,beauty1 9 ,! ,div9e ,vision1 %[s 8 spiritual long+ = quiet1 peace1 & beauty1 9 :i* to wor%ip 8 ,creator3-- ,oh1 twilight1 fill 9 pe>l dew1 ea* heal+ drop may br+ ,"s image ( ! song ! ,quiet seems to s+4 ,my _s w\ld h beauty to (f] at ! %r9e1 ,& turn dull e>? to gold & wat] into w9e1 ,& burn 9 fi]y dreams ea* ?\ght till !nce ref9$ ,x may h p[] to mirror ! mighty ,ma/]'s m9d4#d ,fiona ,macleod4--,all ! "w ( ,william ,%>p t he publi%$ "u ! pseudonym ( ,fiona ,macleod belongs to ?is ,celtic ,r5aissance4 ,born 9 #ahef at ,paisley1 ,scotl&1 he settl$ 9 ,london 9 #ahgh1 & became widely kn[n z ,william ,%>p1 ! critic4 ,:5 he turn$ to 8 boyhood's home1 ! ,we/ ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 = inspiration1 he wrote1 "u ! p5-"n ( ,fiona ,macleod1 poetic prose /ories & _m poems ab\t ^! ,scot* ,celts4 ,he kept ! secret ( 8 id5tity s well t n until 8 dea? 9 #aije 0 x kn[n t ,fiona ,macleod1 ! my/ic1 0 ,william ,%>p1 ! critic4 ,m\nta9 ,lov]s 7#ahie71 a romantic novel ( primitive p :o live ) nature 9 h] lonel9ess1 my/]y1 & t]ror1 & :o possess an in/9ctive1 spee*less1 & poetic k ( h] moods1 is "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ int]e/+ ( 8 long novels4 ,he excels 9 ! %ort /ory4 ,"s ( 8 f9e/ "w 9 ?is field is 9 ,! ,s9 ,eat] 7#ahie71 :i* conta9s uncanny tales ( qua9t1 /rongly-m>k$ highl& *>act]s ) _! weird traditions4 ,f ! ,hills ( ,dream 7#aija7 & ,! ,h\r ( ,beauty 7#aijg7 are two small volumes ( %ort poems full ( ! wit*]y ( dreams1 ( dea?1 ( y\?1 & ( lonely sc5es4 ,^! poems come f a l& f> (f f our common _w4 ,delicacy ( fancy1 a fre$om f any t\* ( impurity1 a beauty z ( dew-sweet moon-fl[]s glimm]+ :ite ?r\gh ! mirk ( a du/ lad5 ) sea-mi/1 are ! qualities ( ,fiona ,macleod's be/ v]se4 ,john ,masefield4--,in/ead ( look+ to ! l& ( dreams & ! mi/y pa/1 l ! ,celtic writ]s1 ,masefield & ,gibson1 two y\ng] ,engli% poets1 h f\nd 9 ! ev]yday life ( ! pres5t "t ! !mes = _! v]se4 ,masefield 0 born 9 #ahge 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,he 0 a seaf>] 9 8 y\?1 & lat]1 a travel] by l& & sea4 ,^! v>i$ exp]i5ces contribut$ color & vividness to 8 n>rative v]se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,masefield4 ,he has writt5 sev]al long n>rative poems on unromantic subjects4 ,daub] 7#aiab7 conta9s "s ( 8 be/ l9es & its /ory is ! mo/ poetic4 ,?is poem foll[s ! =tunes ( a poor y\? :o1 wi%+ to be a pa9t] ( %ips1 w5t to sea to /udy 8 mode at fir/ h&4 ,masefield describes1 ) mu* p[]1 ! "y arti/'s ambition1 8 r\gh h&l+ by ! unc\? sailors1 & 8 p]il\s exp]i5ces :ile r\nd+ ,cape ,horn4 ,daub] exhibits ! poet's p[] ( vividly pictur+ human figures & l&scapes4 ,?is poem1 l mo/ ( ,masefield's long n>rative poems1 is a /ory ( human failure1--a dull prosaic failure1 su* z prose fiction pres5ts 9 its pessimi/ic moods4 ,a /rong & *e]ful note is /ruck 9 "s ( ,masefield's %ort lyrics1 notably 9 ,laugh & be ,m]ry1 ,roadways1 ,! ,seek]s1 & ,be+ ,h] ,fri5d4 ,9 ,laugh & be ,m]ry1 ! song is almo/ triumphant3-- ,laugh & be pr\d to belong to ! old pr\d pageant ( man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,laugh & battle1 & "w1 & dr9k ( ! w9e outp\r$ ,9 ! de> gre5 e>?1 ! sign ( ! joy ( ! ,"l4#e ,masefield's fancy does n busy itself ) dreams & impossible visions4 ,he pa9ts life 9 its grayness & sordidness & dull m$iocrity4 ,sometimes 8 v]se is m]ely pla9 rim$ prose1 b aga9 x becomes vigor\s1 picturesque1 & vivid 9 description1 z 9 ! foll[+ l9es f ,daub]3-- 444!n ! sn[ ,:irl$ all ab\t1 d5se1 multitud9\s cold1 ,mix$ ) ! w9d's "o devili% ?ru/ & %riek ,:i* :iffl$ out m5's te>s1 deaf5$1 took hold1 ,flatt5+ ! fly+ drift aga9/ ! *eek4#f ,wilfr$ ,w4 ,gibson4--,gibson1 :o 0 born 9 ,hexham 9 #ahgh1 s+s ( ! /ruggl+ oppress$ "w-a-day p3-- ,cr\*$ 9 ! dripp+ d>k ,) /eam+ %\ld]s />k ,! man :o hews ! coal to fe$ ! fires4#g ,8 poem1 ,! ,ma*9e1 awak5s sympa?y = ! pr9t] ( ,*ri/mas /ory books & reveals ,gibson z ! tw5tie?-c5tury ,?omas ,hood ( ,! ,song ( ! ,%irt4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ri*ly human ( 8 poems is ,! ,crane1 ! /ory ( ! seam/ress "m & h] lame boy4 ,8 reali/ic volume ( v]se be>+ ! significant title1 ,daily ,bread 7#aiaj71 conta9s a numb] ( n>rative poems1 :i* endeavor to set to music ! "o measure to :i* all life moves1--! e>n+ ( daily bread4 ,gibson owes mu* ( 8 popul>ity to 8 _s ( democracy & to ! /ory =m ( 8 v]se4 ,l ,masefield1 he sacrifices beauty to dull realism4 ,gibson manife/s less range1 less dramatic feel+1 ?an ,masefield1 b avoids ,masefield's unc\?ness & repell5t dramatic episodes4 ,^! two poets illu/rate a t5d5cy to introduce a new reali/ic poetry4 ,wordswor? wrote ( ,mi*ael & ! ,we/morel& peasantry1 b ,masefield & ,gibson h tak5 z subjects ( v]se ! toil]s ( factory1 f\ndry1 & =eca/le4 ,clos5ess to life & simplicity ( n>ration *>act]ize ^! au?ors4 ,!y approximate ! subject matt] & te*nique ( reali/ic fiction4 ,alfr$ ,noyes4--,alfr$ ,noyes 0 born 9 #ahhj 9 ,wolv]hampton ,/af=d%ire4 ,he wrote v]se :ile an ,ox=d und]graduate & he has s9ce become "o ( ! lead+ poets ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,he has travel$ 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 read+ 8 poems & lectur+ on lit]>y subjects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,noyes4 ,! ,fl[] ( ,old ,japan 7#aijc7 is a fairy tale ( *ildr5 :o dream ( ! pictures on blue *9a plates & ,japanese fans4 ,! poem is symbolic4 ,! *ildr5 are ourselves2 & ,japan is b ! k+dom ( ^? dreams :i* 444are ! sole reality wor? liv+ & dy+ =4 ,! poet says ( ?is k+dom3-- ,deep 9 e he>t x lies ,) its untransc5d$ skies2 ,= :at heav5 %\ld b5d above ,he>ts t own ! heav5 ( love8#h ,! ,=e/ ( ,wild ,?yme 7#aije7 af=ds ano!r ,h\r to hunt ! fairy gleam ,t flutt]s ?r\gh ?is *ildi% dream4#i ,!re is also a deep] mean+ to be read into ?is poem4 ,! my/]y ( life1 small z well z great1 is f\nd simply told 9 ^! l9es3-- ,:at does x take to make a rose1 ,"m-m9e8 ,! ,god t di$ to make x kn[s ,x takes ! _w's et]nal w>s1 ,x takes ! moon & all ! />s1 ,x takes ! might ( heav5 & hell ,& ! ev]la/+ ,love z well1 ,little *ild4#aj ,noyes has publi%$ sev]al volumes ( lyrical v]se4 ,"s ( x possesses ! lightness ( ^! elfi% tales4 ,! ,b>rel ,organ1 ,! ,song ( ,re-,bir?1 & ,=ty ,s++ ,seam5 are among 8 f9e/ lyrics4 ,!y display mu* rhy?mic beauty & v>iety4 ,he /rikes a deeply sorr[ful & passionate note 9 ,! ,haunt$ ,palace & ,de ,pr(undis4 ,a l9e l ?is 9 ,! ,haunt$ ,palace-- 444,i saw ! te>s ,ble$ ?r\gh h] eyes ) ! sl[ pa9 ( ye>s1#aa indicates ! /rong emotional metaphor t occasionally deep5s ! passion ( 8 v]se4 ,engl&'s sea p[]1 immortaliz$ 9 song f ,be[ulf to ,sw9burne1 (t5 inspires ,noyes4 ,8 f9e/ long poem is ,drake3 ,an ,engli% ,epic 7#aijh71 :i* relates ! adv5tures ( ?is ,elizabe?an sea-capta9 & 8 victory ov] ! ,armada4 ,! _s ( a d>+ romantic age ( discov]y is %[n 9 ^! l9es t tell h[ ,drake & 8 m5-- 444w5t out ,to dang] z to a swee!>t f> away1 ,:o ev5 n[ 0 draw+ ! we/]n cl\ds ,l a cym> ( silk & sn[-:ite furs ,close to h]1 till h] body's beauty seem$ ,clad 9 a mi/ ( kisses4#ab ,ano!r volume ( poems1 ,tales ( ! ,m]maid ,tav]n 7#aiac71 br+s u into ! company ( ,%akespe>e1 ,m>l[e1 ,sp5c]1 ,jonson1 ,raleigh1 & o!rs ( ! great ,elizabe?an gr\p t made ! ,m]maid ,tav]n _! *os5 resort4 ,gre5e's f>ewell to ,%akespe>e1-- ,y took my clay & made x live1#ac %[s t ,noyes has caught some?+ ( ! _s t animat$ ,elizabe?an ,engl&4 ,noyes is "o ( ! mo/ spontane\s & flu5t writ]s ( mod]n ,engli% poetry4 ,:e!r he is my/ical1 dramatic1 playful1 or m>*+ along ! c\rse ( a long n>rative poem1 he h&les 8 v]se ) ease & facility4 ,8 language1 8 rhy?m1 & 8 ?\ght are mo/ happily bl5d$ 9 8 graceful s++ lyrics4 ,! "w ( ,noyes is inspir$ by ! desire to %[ t all ?+s & all s\ls are-- ,"o ) ! dream t triumphs beyond ! light ( ! sph]es1 ,we come f ! ,loom ( ! ,weav] t weaves ! ,web ( ,ye>s4#ad ,,! ,,mod]n ,,drama ,! revival ( ! drama is a *>act]i/ic feature ( ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,! plays ( ! ,norwegian1 ,h5rik ,ibs5 7#ahbh-aijf71 affect$ ,engl& pr(\ndly 9 ! la/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & prov$ an impetus to a new dramatic movem5t1 se5 9 ! "w ( m5 l ,%aw4 ,! great lit]>y s*ool ( dramati/s pass$ away soon aft] ! dea? ( ,%akespe>e4 ,:ile x is true t ! writ+ ( plays has be5 practically cont9u\s s9ce ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 yet = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s aft] t ev5t1 ! hi/ory ( ! drama has _h little memorable "w to record4 ,!re 7 two brief int]e/+ comic p]iods3 7#a7 ! p]iod ( ,congreve at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & 7#b7 ( ,goldsmi? & ,%]idan ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! lit]>y plays ( ! ,victorians1--,br[n+1 ,t5nyson1 & ,sw9burne1--7 lack+ 9 dramatic ess5tials4 ,! mod]n drama has accompli%$ c]ta9 def9ite results4 ,p9]o's "w is typical ( va/ improvem5t 9 te*nique4 ,%aw is not$ = 8 p[] ( inve/+ mod]n conv]sation ) vivacity & po9t4 ,j4,m4 ,synge has won di/9ction = pres5t+ ! great elem5tal =ces t und]lie ! actions ( primitive human be+s4 ,! playwrights are mak+ ! drama p]=m "s ( ! functions t h be5 fill$ by ! novel4 ,! mod]n drama is also wre/l+ ) ! problem ( comb9+ lit]>y =m1 poetic _s1 & good dramatic action4 ,"s ( ! mod]n plays deal ) unpleasant subjects1 & "s ( ! lea/ wor?y are immoral 9 _! t5d5cies4 ,su* plays w be =gott51 = ! ,anglo-,saxon race has nev] yet immortaliz$ an un:olesome drama4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! influ5ce ( a l>ge proportion ( ! plays is pure & :olesome4 ,9 ?is class may be includ$ ! dramas ( ! ,iri% s*ool & ( ,b>rie1 ! majority by ,galswor?y1 & a numb] by ,phillips & ,%aw4 ,jones & ,p9]o4--,! "w ( ,h5ry ,ar?ur ,jones & ,sir ,ar?ur ,w+ ,p9]o m>ks ! advance ( ! ,engli% drama f artificiality & n>r[ness ( scope t[>d a wid]1 clos] relation to life4 ,h5ry ,ar?ur ,jones1 bo? a playwright & a critic1 0 born 9 ,gr&bor\gh1 ,buck+ham%ire1 9 #ahea4 ,contempor>y ,engli% life is ! subject ( 8 num]\s plays4 ,! ,manoeuv]s ( ,jane 7#ahih7 & ,mrs4 ,dane's ,def5ce 7#aijj71 are among 8 be/ works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,ar?ur ,,jones4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,w+ ,p9]o1 born 9 #ahee 9 ,london1 began 8 c>e] z an actor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,w+ ,,p9]o4 ,8 real ambition1 h[ev]1 0 to write = ! /age4 ,m ?an =ty works1 includ+ f>ces1 com$ies ( s5tim5t1 & s]i\s dramas ( ,engli% life1 atte/ 8 zeal z a dramati/4 ,among 8 mo/ successful f>ces are ,! ,magi/rate 7#ahhe71 ,! ,s*ool ,mi/ress 7#ahhf71 & ,! ,amazons 7#ahic74 ,clev] inv5tion ( absurd situations & success 9 />t+ infecti\s laught] are ! prime qualities ( ^! plays4 ,! ,second ,mrs4 ,tanqu]ay 7#ahic7 is by mo/ critics consid]$ ,p9]o's ma/]piece4 ,! failure ( a "* to rega9 respectability once =feit$ supplies ! nucleus = ! dramatic situations4 ,excell5t 9 craftsman%ip z x is disagreeable 9 !me1 ?is play conta9s no sup]flu\s ^w to ret>d ! action or m> ! te*nical economy4 ,adolphus ,william ,w>d says3 ,) ,! ,second ,mrs4 ,tanqu]ay ! ,engli% act$ drama ceas$ to be a m]ely insul> product1 & took rank 9 ! lit]ature ( ,europe4 ,"h 0 a play :i*1 :atev] its faults1 0 444an epo*-m>k+ play4 ,"o great s]vice ( ,p9]o & ,jones to ! tw5tie?-c5tury drama has be5 excell5t craftsman%ip4 ,_! te*nical skill may be specifically not$ 9 ! naturalness ( ! dialogues1 9 ! movem5t ( ! *>act]s ab\t ! /age1 9 ! p]=mance ( "s acts app>5tly trivial b really significant1 & 9 ! sub/itution ( devices to take ! place ( ! old soliloquies & asides4 ,( ! two1 ,p9]o is ! bett] craftsman1 s9ce ,jones1 9 8 endeavor to pa9t a moral1 sometimes weak5s 8 dramatic effect4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw4--,%aw 0 born 9 ,dubl91 ,irel&1 9 #ahef4 ,he 0 willful & took refuge 9 idl5ess at s*ool4 ,8 education consi/$ ma9ly 9 /udy+ music ) 8 tal5t$ "m1 9 haunt+ picture gall]ies1 & 9 wide read+4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty1 he w5t to ,london & began 8 lit]>y c>e]4 ,he 0 at v>i\s times a j\rnali/1 a critic ( art1 music1 & ! drama1 a lectur]1 a noveli/1 & a playwright4 ,%aw describes himself z a man up to ! *9 9 ! life ( 8 times4 ,he is a veget>ian1 an anti-vivisectioni/1 an advocate = woman's suffrage1 & a sociali/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,b]n>d ,,%aw4 ,arms & ! ,man1 ,c&ida1 ,y ,nev] ,c ,tell1 & ,! ,man ( ,de/9y1 publi%$ 7#ahih7 9 ! second volume ( ,plays1 ,pleasant & ,unpleasant2 & ,! ,devil's ,disciple1 publi%$ 7#aijj7 9 ,?ree ,plays = ,puritans1 are among 8 be/ dramas4 ,) _! /age directions & descriptions1 !y are z delightful to read z novels4 ,( ^! plays1 ,c&ida is fir/ 9 "* draw+ & human int]e/4 ,! dramatic action is :olly )9 ! m5tal /ates ( ! ?ree *ief actors1 b ! situations are made int5se ?r\gh a succession ( unique1 absorb+1 ent]ta9+1 & well-develop$ conv]sations4 ,%aw is m de/ructive ?an con/ructive 9 8 philosophy z express$ 9 8 plays2 & he criticizes s _m ( ! in/itutions held sacr$ by society t p h refus$ to accept him s]i\sly1 ev5 :5 he has writt5 expository prefaces to 8 dramas4 ,9 ,arms & ! ,man1 he satirizes ! romantic admiration = ! soldi]'s call+2 9 ,! ,doctor's ,dilemma 7#aijf71 he attacks ! pr(essional man2 9 ,wid[]s' ,h\ses 7#ahih71 he assails ! ri* prop]ty hold] ) 8 high r5ts on poor p's h\ses3 & 9 ,man & ,sup]man 7#aijc71 he dissects love & home until ! s5tim5t is entirely tak5 out ( !m4 ,%aw's *ief object is to place be=e 8 audi5ce facts1 reasons1 & logical conclusions4 ,he w n tol]ate romantic emotions or s5tim5talism1 :i* he ridicules ) a reckless audacity1 a lit]al incisiv5ess1 & a satiric wit t none ( 8 contempor>ies c excel4 ,8 *ief claim to 8 pres5t important position among playwrights is bas$ on 8 orig9ality & fe>lessness ( ?\ght1 ! unfail+ sprightl9ess ( 8 conv]sation1 ! infecti\s _s ( raill]y 9 8 com$ies1 & 8 ma/]y ( ! requirem5ts ( ! mod]n /age4 ,j4,m4 ,b>rie4--,) ! successful /age production ( ,! ,little ,m9i/] 7#ahig71 ,b>rie pass$ f noveli/ to playwright4 ,! qualities ( humor1 fancy1 & qua9t *>act]ization1 :i* 7 su* a *>m 9 8 novels1 reappe> 9 8 plays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,mat!w ,,b>rie4 ,! ,admirable ,cri*ton1 produc$ 9 #aijc1 is "o ( ,b>rie's mo/ successful com$ies4 ,he displays skill & humor 9 h&l+ ! absurd situation ( a pe]'s family wreck$ on a des]t isl&1 :]e ! butl]1 z ! mo/ res\rceful memb] ( ! p>ty1 takes comm&4 ,9 ,pet] ,pan 7#aijd71 ! dramatization ( ! novel1 ,! ,little ,:ite ,bird1 c>e-free1 pranki% ,pet] ,pan visits ?ree *ildr5 9 _! sleep & tea*es !m to fly away ) him4 ,he c>ries !m to ! little p ( ! fairy _w1 to ! pirate %ip1 to o!r sc5es de> to *ildr5's he>ts1 & f9ally to 8 home 9 ! tree tops4 ,! play is a mixture ( fancy1 symbolism1 & realism4 ,^! are wov5 into a bright phantasy by an imag9ation t is ne> to *ildhood & has n lo/ its morn+'s brightness4 ,:at ,e ,woman ,kn[s 7produc$ 9 #aijh7 %[s ,b>rie's dramatic art at its height4 ,he kn[s h[ to introduce v>iety & to give 8 *>act]s an opportunity to reveal !mselves4 ,e ^w1 e movem5t ( ! h]o9e1 ,maggie ,%&1 adds to ! unfold+ ( a fasc9at+ p]sonality4 ,a p]iod ( int5sely dramatic action may be foll[$ by a comp>ative pause1 su* z occurs :5 ! audi5ce sees ,maggie's husb& sl[ly realize h] clev]ness & helpfulness1 --qualities t _h be5 long app>5t to e "o else4 ,b>rie %[s ! ability to pres5t dramatically situations t are emotionally appeal+ or delightfully humor\s4 ,8 plays exhibit admirably ! deep feel+s1 ! mom5t>y moods1 ! res\rcefulness1 or ! peculi> :imsicalities ( m5 & wom54 ,john ,galswor?y4--,z a means ( pres5t+ social problems1 ,galswor?y utilizes ! drama ev5 m ?an ! novel4 ,faulty prison sy/ems1 discords betwe5 labor & capital1 discrepancies betwe5 law & ju/ice1 are "s ( ! !mes he *ooses to dramatize4 ,! ,silv] ,box 7#aijf7 ironically int]prets ,ju/ice z bl9d r ?an imp>tial4 ,! poor man is (t5 puni%$ :ile ! m =tunate man goes free4 ,/rife 7#aiji71 9 "s respects ! mo/ p[]ful ( 8 plays1 illu/rates ! cla% betwe5 capital & labor4 ,9 ,! ,elde/ ,son 7#aiab71 ! conflict is betwe5 two social ord]s4 ,ju/ice 7#aiaj71 :i* secur$ re=ms 9 ! ,engli% prison sy/em1 %[s h[ a "y man is affect$ by an inflexible b legal puni%m5t2 & h[ su* a me?od fails to assi/ him humanely to a bett] manhood1 b drives him to l[] & l[] dep?s4 ,9 ,joy 7#aijg71 a delightful play1 ,galswor?y mom5t>ily rel9qui%es social problems = a drama ( m p]sonal emotion4 ,9 ! my/ical1 poetical composition1 ,! ,little ,dream 7#aiaa71 he pres5ts an allegory ( ! maid5 9 ! ,alps1 dream+ fir/ ( ! simple m\nta9 life & !n ( ! life 9 cities4 ,) its spiritual note & delicate fancy1 ,! ,little ,dream turns a gold5 key on ! ideal _w beyond ! /rife & gloom dramatiz$ 9 ! sociological plays4 ,galswor?y has good /agecraft4 ,8 *>act]ization is di/9ct & consi/5t4 ,8 plays are simple 9 con/ruction & direct 9 movem5t4 ,he /rictly avoids rhetorical & !atrical effects1 b 8 dramatic economies (t5 sacrifice all *>m & ae/hetic appeal4 ,8 gray _w leaves no hope save ! desp]ate "o t conditions s grim may %ame & spur society to re=m4 ,/eph5 ,phillips4--,?is dramati/ & poet 0 born at ,som]ton1 ne> ,ox=d1 9 #ahfd4 ,! boy 0 s5t to ,%akespe>e's bir?place1 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 to att5d s*ool4 ,he ent]$ ,cambridge1 b at ! end ( 8 fir/ t]m he left ! univ]sity to jo9 a company ( ,%akespe>ean play]s4 ,8 six ye>s ) !m initiat$ him into ! te*nique ( /agecraft1 :i* he lat] appli$ 9 ! writ+ ( 8 poetic dramas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/eph5 ,,phillips4 ,be=e produc+ ! plays = :i* he is kn[n1 he wrote "s n>rative & lyric v]se4 ,m>pessa 7#ahij71 a blank v]se poem1 is a beautiful treatm5t ( ! old ,greek my?1 9 :i* ,apollo1 ! god1 & ,idas1 ! mortal1 woo ,m>pessa4 ,m>l[e might h writt5 ! l9es 9 :i* ,apollo promises to take h] to a home above ! _w1 :]e movem5t is ec/asy & repose is ?rill+4 ,9 "s ( 8 non-dramatic poems1 ,*ri/ 9 ,hades 7#ahif71 ,cities ( ,hell 7#aijg71 & ,! ,new ,inf]no 7#ahif71 ,phillips %[s h[ ! subject ( life & puni%m5t aft] dea? attracts him4 ,) ! appe>ance ( 8 ,paolo & ,francesca 9 #ahii1 ! poetic drama seem$ pho5ix-l to arise f its a%es4 ,t5nyson & ,br[n+ _h fail$ to write successful plays4 ,9 fact1 s9ce ! dea? ( ,dryd51 poetry & drama _h seem$ to be afraid to approa* ea* o!r4 ,phillips effect$ at lea/ a tempor>y union4 ,8 sev]al plays h di/9ctly dramatic qualities & _m passages ( poetic beauty4 ,f bo? a dramatic & a poetic po9t ( view1 ,paolo & ,francesca is ,phillips's be/ play4 ,its dramatic values lie *iefly 9 its p[] to create & su/a9 a s5se ( some?+ def9itely progress+ t[>d a c]ta9 po9t4 ,! poetic elem5ts ( ! play consi/ 9 ! beauty ( atmosph]e & ! *>m ( ! l9es4 ,giovanni ,malate/a1 ! ugly tyrant ( ,rim9i1 be+ at w> :5 8 m>riage draws ne>1 s5ds 8 "y bro!r ,paolo to escort ,francesca to ,rim9i4 ,on ! j\rney ,paolo & ,francesca fall 9 love ) ea* o!r4 ,:5 ,giovanni discov]s ?is1 8 jeal\s h& slays !m4 ,to su* a tragic climax1 ,phillips drives /eadily onw>d f ! fir/ sc5e1 ?us focus+ ! int]e/ on a concrete dramatic situation4 ,h]od 7#aijj7 is a drama ( ambition v]sus love4 ,h]od1 ! great hi/oric k+ ( ! ,jews1 ?\gh passionately 9 love ) 8 wife ,m>iamne1 sacrifices h] bro!r ,ari/obulus to 8 suspicions1 fe>+ t ?is "y pr9ce1 ! la/ ( ! ,maccabees1 may supplant him on ! ?rone4 ,?is sacrifice1 prompt$ by evil c\nselors1 results 9 a tra9 ( tragic episodes1 includ+ ,m>iamne's dea? & ,h]od's madness4 ,! l9es 9 :i* ,h]od speaks ( ?9k+ 9 gold & dream+ 9 silv] call to m9d ! hyp]bole & music ( ,m>l[e's mighty l9e4 ,ulysses 7#aijb71 m ( a panorama ?an a play1 is f\nd$ on ! ,hom]ic /ory4 ,its sc5es are laid 9 ,olympus1 9 ,hades1 on ,calypso's isle1 & f9ally 9 ,i?aca4 ,calypso tries to reta9 ,ulysses ^u h] isle1 beautiful-- ,) sw>d ( p>sley & ( violet ,& popl>s %imm]+ 9 a silv]y dream4#ae ,he /ruggles aga9/ h] en*antm5t1 returns home1 f9ds 8 wife surr\nd$ by h] suitors1 jo9s 9 _! b[-draw+ conte/1 &1 9 a mo/ excit+ & dramatic sc5e1 surpasses all rivals & claims 8 fai?ful1 beautiful ,p5elope4 ,! plays ( ,phillips n infrequ5tly lack t cl9*+ p[] t /ret*es ! int]e/ taut4 ,_m sc5es are admirably spectacul>1 sugge/ive ( ri*ly decorat$ tape/ries1 :i* hang sep>ately 9 spaci\s rooms2 b ! plays ne$ m =ceful dramatic action1 mov+ ?r\gh *anges to a climax4 ,phillips's diction1 ?\gh sometimes rhetorical1 is also (t5 ornately beautiful & highly poetical4 ,we feel t ev5 9 8 plays1 he is great] z a poet ?an z a dramati/4 ,,celtic ,,dramati/s ,/rong national feel+1 int]e/ 9 ! folklore & peasant life ( ,irel&1 & ambition to e/abli% a national !at]1 h l$ to a di/9ct & orig9al ,iri% drama4 ,9 #ahii1 ) a fund ( two hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 ,lady ,gregory1 ,william ,butl] ,yeats1 ,g4,w4 ,russell1 & o!r playwrights & patrons succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ 9 ,dubl9 ! ,iri% ,lit]>y ,!at] n[ kn[n z ! ,iri% ,national ,!at]4 ,! object ( ?is !at] is tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x aims to produce lit]>y plays1 n ! vapid1 panoramic k9d t m]ely pass away ! "t4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,iri% plays pres5t fabl$ & hi/orical ,iri% h]oes & ! humble ,iri% peasant4 ,patriotism inspir$ _m writ]s to assi/ 9 ?is national movem5t4 ,"s ga!r$ /ories f ! lips ( liv+ ,iri%-speak+ peasants2 o!rs collect$ & translat$ into ,engli% ! old leg5ds ( h]oes4 ,dr4 ,d\glas ,hyde's translations ( ,! ,five ,songs ( ,conna*t 7#ahid7 & ,! ,religi\s ,songs ( ,conna*t 7#aijf7 are valuable works & h greatly influ5c$ ! ,iri% writ]s4 ,lady ,augu/a ,gregory4--,lady ,gregory1 born 9 #aheb1 9 ,roxbor\gh1 ,c\nty ,galway1 has made "s ( ! be/ ( ^! translations 9 h] works1 ,cu*ula9 ( ,muir!mma1 & ,gods & ,fight+ ,m54 ,^! two books h come to _m z a fir/ revelation ( ! treasures buri$ 9 ,gaelic lit]ature1 & !y are de/9$ to d mu* = ! float+ ( old ,iri% /ory ^u ! _w4 ,!y aim to d = ! great cycles ( ,iri% romance :at ,malory did = ! ,ar?urian /ories4#af ,illu/ration3 ,,lady ,,gregory4 ,lady ,gregory wrote also = ! ,iri% ,!at] plays t h be5 act$ successfully n only 9 ,irel& b 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica4 ,among h] be/ s]i\s plays are ,! ,gaol ,gate 7#aijf71 a pres5t-day play1 ! h]o ( :i* dies to save a neighbor1 ,! ,ris+ ( ! ,moon 7#aijg71 & ,grania 7#aiab74 ,mc,donough's ,wife 7#aiac7 is an excell5t brief piece ) an almo/ h]oic note at ! close4 ,! great vagabond pip]1 ,mc,donough1 ma/] ( wond]ful music1 returns f w&]+1 to f9d 8 wife dead1 &1 because ( 8 ?riftlessness1 ab\t to be d5i$ honorable burial4 ,mc,donough /eps to ! door1 pipes 8 m>vel\s tunes1 & imm$iately ! village flocks to d homage to 8 wife4 ,lady ,gregory's f>ces h prim>ily made h] fame4 ,spread+ ! ,news 7#aijd71 ,hyac9? ,halvey 7#aijf71 ,! ,image 7#aiaj71 & ,! ,bogie ,m5 7#aiac7 are repres5tative ( h] vigor\s & well-con/ruct$ f>ces4 ,!y are v>i$ 9 subject1 ! incid5ts are well develop$1 ! *>act]s are g5u9e ,iri% peasants & villag]s1 & ! humor is infecti\s4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,lady ,gregory has cont9u$ to write f>ces because ( ! dem& = !m 9 ! ,iri% ,national ,!at]1 9 ord] to (fset ! l>ge numb] ( trag$ies by o!r au?ors4 ,william ,butl] ,yeats4--,9 addition to delightful poetic fancy1 ,yeats possesses consid]able dramatic ability & /agecraft4 ,9 ,! ,c\ntess ,ca?le5 7rewritt5 9 #aiab71 ! poor peasants are driv5 by a fam9e to ! v]ge ( />vation4 ,_m die2 b "s are f$ by ! ,c\ntess ,ca?le51 :ile o!rs sell _! s\ls = ! price ( food to demons disguis$ z m]*ants4 ,:5 ^! demons /eal ,c\ntess ,ca?le5's /ores 9 ord] to /op h] *>ities1 ) in/ant ,iri% quickness & g5]osity1 %e sells h] s\l = a great price to ! demons1 9 ord] to save h] p "h & h]eaft]4 ,su* a trem5d\s sacrifice1 h[ev]1 is n p]mitt$4 ,because ( ! purity ( h] motive1 arm$ angels save h] s\l 9 ! la/ impressive act4 ,sup]natural p[]s1 bo? pagan & ,*ri/ian1 p>ticipate 9 ! play4 ,spirits haunt ! woods1 ent] ! peasants' cottages1 & ca/ spells on ! inhabitants4 ,! play is ,iri% 9 /ory1 9 symbolism1 & 9 ! fancifulness ( ! conception4 ,! ,l& ( ,he>t's ,desire is ano!r drama t has sprung f ! soil & folklore ( ,irel&4 ,?is play 0 "o ( ! fir/ ,celtic dramas to be produc$1 & 9 its pres5t revis$ =m 7#aiab7 x is "o ( ! mo/ engag+ ( ! ,iri% plays4 ,p>tly 9 prose & p>tly 9 v]se1 x is ! /ory ( a "y bride :o tires ( h] monoton\s life & calls ^u ! fairies to release h]4 ,! old p>5ts tell h] t duty comes be=e love ( ! fairies4 ,! good prie/ begs h] n to =sake h] fai?ful "y husb&2 b ! fairy w9s1 &1 leav+ a dead bride 9 ! cottage1 be>s away ! liv+ bride to a l& :]e-- ,! fairies dance 9 a place ap>t1 ,%ak+ _! milk-:ite feet 9 a r+1 ,toss+ _! milk-:ite arms 9 ! air2 ,= !y h he>d ! w9d laugh & murmur & s+ ,( a l& :]e ev5 ! old are fair1 ,& ev5 ! wise are m]ry ( tongue4#ag ,patriotic love = ,irel& is ! v brea? ( ,ca?le5 ni ,hoolihan 7#aijb71 a "o-act prose play 9 :i* ,ca?le5 symbolizes ,irel&4 ,! ,%ad[y ,wat]s 7#aijj7 & ,deirdre 7#aijg7 are m poetic ?an dramatic4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ) ! my/]i\s h>p]1 ! f>-sail+ into unkn[n seas1 ! p>t+ ) ev]y?+ b ! lov$ "o1 %[s ,yeats 9 8 deeply my/ical mood4 ,9 ,deirdre is dramatiz$ "p ( a popul> leg5d ( ! great que5 by t "n1 :o 0 too beautiful = happ9ess4 ,%e has sev5 long ye>s ( joy & !n accepts h] fate 9 ! calm1 triumphant way ( ! old h]oic times4 ,yeats's plays reflect ! *ildlike sup]/itions & lively imag9ation ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he loves ! fairies1 ! dreams ( et]nal y\?1 ! symboliz+ ( ?+s ( ! _s by lovely ?+s ( e>?4 ,8 plays are poetical1 fanciful1 & romantic4 ,john ,mill+ton ,synge4--,"o ( ! mo/ notable ( ! ,iri% writ]s1 ,j4,m4 ,synge1 0 born ne> ,dubl9 9 #ahga & di$ 9 t city 9 #aiji4 ,8 brief span ( life has yield$ only scanty biographical data4 ,he came ( an old ,wickl[ family2 he 0 graduat$ f ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl92 aft]w>ds he w&]$ ?r\gh mu* ( ,europe1 f9ally settl+ 9 ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,synge4 ,9 #ahii1 ,william ,butl] ,yeats discov]$ him 9 ,p>is1 a man all fold$ up 9 brood+ intellect1 writ+ essays on ,fr5* au?ors1--on ,molire1 = example1 f :om he le>n$ ! trick ( *>act]ization2 on ,rac9e1 :o taught him conc5tration2 on ,rabelais1 :o infect$ him ) love ( deep laught]4 ,yeats1 suspect+ t ,synge c\ld be an orig9al writ] z well z an int]pret] ( o!rs1 p]suad$ him to g back to ,irel&1 to ! ,aran ,isl&s1 (f ,galway4 ,synge discov]$ !re a lo/ k+dom ( ! imag9ation1 a place :]e spontane\s feel+ & primitive imag9ation _h n be5 repress$ by ! outside _w's cu/oms & discipl9e1 & :]e ! con/ant voice ( ! ocean1 ! t\* ( ! my/]i\s1 all-embrac+ mi/1 & ! gleam ( ! /> ?r\gh a rift 9 ! cl\ds bani%$ all s5se ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! natural & ! sup]natural4 ,:5 ,synge di$ 9 8 ?irty-eigh? ye>1 he _h writt5 only six %ort plays1 all betwe5 #aijc & #aiji4 ,two ( ^!1 ,9 ! ,%ad[ ( ! ,gl5 & ,rid]s to ! ,sea1 conta9 only "o act4 ,! ,t9k]'s ,w$d+ has two acts1 & ! re/ are ?ree-act plays4 ,9 ! ,%ad[ ( ! ,gl51 ,rid]s to ! ,sea1 & ,! ,well ( ! ,sa9ts1 produc$ respectively 9 #aijc1 #aijd1 & #aije1 %[ t ,synge came at once into full possession ( 8 dramatic p[]4 ,ev5 9 8 e>lie/ writt5 play1 ,! ,well ( ,! ,sa9ts1 we f9d a /yle /ripp$ ( sup]flu\s v]biage & vibrant ) emotion4 ,9 ! ,%ad[ ( ! ,gl51 8 fir/ /ag$ play1 consumes only a half h\r4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 a cab9 f> (f 9 a lonely gl51 & ! f\r actors1--a woman oppress$ by lonel9ess1 an unfeel+ husb& :o feigns dea?1 & two visitors1--make a s+ul>ly well-knit impressive drama4 ,rid]s to ! ,sea has be5 pron\nc$ ! greate/ drama ( ! mod]n ,celtic s*ool4 ,"s critics consid] ?is ! mo/ significant trag$y produc$ 9 ,engli% s9ce ,%akespe>e4 ,simple & impressive z a ,greek trag$y1 x has = its c5tral figure an old "m ^: husb& & five sons h be5 lo/ at sea4 ,! simple b poignant feel+ ( ! drama focuses on ! dea? ( ,maurya's six? & la/ son1 ,b>tley4 ,?is tragic episode1 simply pres5t$1 t\*es ! dep?s ( human sympa?y4 ,9 old ,maurya1 ,synge creat$ an impressive figure ( :at ,macbe? calls root$ sorr[4 ,! ,playboy ( ! ,we/]n ,_w1 produc$ fir/ 9 #aijg1 is a ?ree-act play4 ,x is z fanta/ically humor\s z ! ,rid]s to ! ,sea is tragical4 ,dread ( 8 fa!r ties ?is peasant to 8 /upid toil4 ,a fe>ful de$ frees ! y\? & ?r[s him into ! company ( ! lovely maid51 ,pege51 & admir+ fri5ds4 ,! lat5t poetry & wild joy ( liv+ awake 9 him1 &1 "u ! spur ( praise1 he p]=ms great feats4 ,he :o _h nev] be=e d>$ to face girls1 makes su* love to ,pege5 t poesy itself seems to be talk+4 ,! ,playboy is "o ( ! wilde/ conceptions ( "* 9 mod]n drama4 ,8 v extravagance compels int]e/4 ,pege5 is a fitt+ swee!>t = him4 ,h] fa!r is a /alw>t figure1 possess+ a %rewd philosophy & r>e /r5g? ( spee*1 z fully flavor$ z nut or apple4 ,"s critics object to su* a boi/]\s play1 b !y %\ld rememb] t x is int5d$ to be an extravagant peasant fantasia4 ,deirdre ( ! ,sorr[s1 ano!r ?ree-act play1 produc$ fir/ 9 #aiaj1 tells ! /ory ( ! beautiful pr9cess ,deirdre1 ( h] isolat$ "y life1 & h] sev5 ye>s ( p]fect union ) h] lov] ,naisi4 ,:5 h] lov] is sla91 ?is true & t5d] que5 ( ! ,nor? loos5s ! knot ( life to accompany him4 ,synge belongs 9 ! fir/ rank ( mod]n dramati/s4 ,! =ty ,iri% *>act]s t he has creat$ reveal ! basal elem5ts ( univ]sal human nature4 ,8 purpose is l ,%akespe>e's1--to reveal ?robb+ life1 n to talk 9 8 own p]son1 nor to discuss problems4 ,synge has dramatiz$ ! primal hope1 fe>1 sorr[1 & lonel9ess ( life4 ,al?\gh 8 plays are writt5 9 prose & h ! di/9ctive flavor ( 8 l[ly *>act]s1 yet a rec5t critic ju/ly says t ,synge = ! fir/ "t sets ,engli% dramatic prose to a rhy?m z noble z ! rhy?ms ( blank v]se4 ,,summ>y ,! tw5tie? c5tury %[s two ma9 l9es ( developm5t1--! reali/ic & ! romantic4 ,! two lead+ essayi/s ( ! p]iod1 ,a4,c4 ,b5son & ,g4,k4 ,*e/]ton1 are bo? ideali/s & *ampions ( religi\s fai?4 ,among ! noveli/s1 ,conrad tells impressive /ories ( di/ant seas & %ores2 ,b5nett's /ronge/ fiction gives reali/ic pictures ( life 9 ,engli% indu/rial t[ns2 ,galswor?y's novels pres5t ! problems t affect ! upp] class ( ,engli%m52 ,wells writes sci5tific romances & sociological novels4 ,"s ( ! be/ poetry1 full ( ! fasc9ation ( a dreamy f>-(f _w1 has be5 writt5 by ! ,celtic poets1 ,yeats1 ,russell1 & ,fiona ,macleod4 ,masefield & ,gibson h produc$ mu* reali/ic v]se ab\t ! life ( ! common toil]4 ,noyes has writt5 ,drake1 a romantic epic1 & a l>ge am\nt ( graceful lyrical v]se1 9 "s ( :i* !re is mu* poetic beauty4 ,! mo/ di/9ctive "w ( rec5t times has be5 9 ! field ( ! drama4 ,p9]o has improv$ its te*nique2 ,%aw has giv5 x rem>kable conv]sational brilliancy2 ,b>rie has br\ght to x fancy & humor & sweetness2 ,galswor?y has us$ x to pres5t social problems2 ,phillips has tri$ to re/ore to x ! ,elizabe?an poetic _s4 ,! ,celtic dramati/s =m a sep>ate s*ool4 ,lady ,gregory1 ,yeats1 & ,synge h all writt5 plays bas$ on ,iri% life1 folklore1 or my?ology4 ,! plays ( ,synge1 ! greate/ memb] ( ! gr\p1 reveal ! univ]sal primitive emotions ( human be+s4 ,,conclusion ,?ree di/9ctive moral influ5ces 9 ,engli% lit]ature specially impress u1--! call to /r5u\s manhood3-- 444?is ?+ is ,god1 ,to be man ) ?y might1 ! increas+ sympa?y ) all e>?'s *ildr53-- ,ye bless$ creatures1 ,i h he>d ! call1 ,ye to ea* o!r make1 & ! p]si/5t expression ( ,anglo-,saxon fai?4 ,z we pause 9 our /udy1 we may he> 9 ! tw5tie?-c5tury song ( ,alfr$ ,noyes1 ! e*o ( ! music f ! loom ( ! ,inf9ite ,weav]3-- ,"u ! brea? ( laught]1 deep 9 ! tide ( te>s1 ,i he> ! loom ( ! ,weav] t weaves ! ,web ( ,ye>s4#ah ,,ref]5ce ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy ,k5n$y's ,engli% ,lit]ature1 #ahhj-ahie 7,%aw1 ,wells1 ,fiona ,macleod1 ,yeats74 ,kelman's ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's ,po9t ( ,view 79 ,among ,fam\s ,books74 ,coop]'s ,"s ,engli% ,/ory ,tell]s4 ,conrad's ,a ,p]sonal ,record4 ,phelps's ,essays on ,mod]n ,noveli/s 7,de ,morgan74 ,yeats's ,celtic ,twilight4 ,figgis's ,/udies & ,appreciations 7,mr4 ,w4,b4 ,yeats's ,poetry4 ,! ,art ( ,j4,m4 ,synge47 ,m's ,drift ( ,romanticism 7,fiona ,macleod74 ,borsa's ,! ,engli% ,/age ( ,to-day4 ,jones's 7,h5ry ,ar?ur7 ,! ,f\ndation ( a ,national ,drama3 ,a ,collection ( ,essays1 ,lectures1 & ,spee*es1 ,deliv]$ & ,writt5 9 ! ,ye>s #ahif-aiab4 ,hamilton's ,! ,!ory ( ! ,!at]4 ,hunt's ,! ,play ( ,to-day4 ,hale's ,dramati/s ( ,to-day4 ,h5d]son's ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw3 ,8 ,life & ,works1 #b vols4 ,*e/]ton's ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,weyg&t's ,iri% ,plays & ,playwrights 7excell5t74 ,krans's ,william ,butl] ,yeats & ! ,iri% ,lit]>y ,revival4 ,h[e's ,j4,m4 ,synge3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,yeats's ,j4,m4 ,synge & ! ,irel& ( ,8 ,"t 79 ,! ,cutt+ ( an ,agate1 #aiab74 ,bickley's ,j4,m4 ,synge & ! ,iri% ,dramatic ,movem5t4 ,elton's ,liv+ ,iri% ,lit]ature 79 ,mod]n ,/udies74 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,) ,,que/ions ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,essays4--,f ,a4,c4 ,b5son1 read "o ( ^! collections ( essays3 ,! ,alt> ,fire1 ,beside ,/ill ,wat]s1 ,?y ,rod & ,?y ,/aff1 & "o or m ( ^! biographies3 ,t5nyson1 ,john ,rusk91 ,rossetti 7,e4,m4,l471 ,walt] ,pat] 7,e4,m4,l472 f ,*e/]ton1 "o ( ^! collections ( essays3 ,v>i$ ,types1 ,h]etics1 ,or?odoxy1 & "o or m ( ^! biographies3 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,*>les ,dick5s1 ,rob]t ,br[n+ 7,e4,m4,l474 ,= o!r tw5tie?-c5tury essays1 see ! prec$+ bibliography & ! p>agraph foll[+ ?is4 ,! ,novel4--,f ,conrad1 read ,y\?1 ,typhoon1 ,"l ,jim2 f ,b5nett1 ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale1 ,clayhang]2 f ,galswor?y1 ,! ,man ( ,prop]ty1 ,! ,patrician2 f ,wells1 ,! ,"t ,ma*9e1 ,kipps1 ,! ,future 9 ,am]ica 7essay72 f ,phillpotts1 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,mi/1 ,demet]'s ,daught]2 f ,hewlett1 ,life & ,dea? ( ,ri*>d ,yea & ,nay1 ,! ,/oop+ ,lady2 f ,quill]-,c\*1 ,! ,spl5did ,spur1 ,! ,delectable ,du*y2 f ,de ,morgan1 ,joseph ,vance1 ,someh[ ,good2 f ,locke1 ,! ,belov$ ,vagabond1 ,! ,adv5tures ( ,ari/ide ,pujol2 f ,zangwill1 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,ghetto1 ,! ,melt+ ,pot 7play74 ,poetry4--,f ,! ,poetical ,works ( ,william ,b4 ,yeats 7,macmillan71 read ,! ,w&]+s ( ,ois91 ,! ,lake ,isle ( ,innisfree1 ,! ,ho/+ ( ! ,sidhe1 ,! ,voice ( ! ,wat]s2 f ,fiona ,macleod's ,poems & ,dramas 7,duffield71 ,! ,vision1 ,! ,lonely ,hunt]1 ,! ,rose ( ,flame2 f ,masefield1 ! "p ( ,daub] describ+ ! r\nd+ ( ,cape ,horn1 beg9n+ p4 #aai1 9 ,! ,/ory ( a ,r\nd-,h\se 7,macmillan72 f ,gibson's ,fires 7,macmillan71 ,! ,crane1 ,! ,ma*9e2 f ,noyes's ,poems 7,macmillan1 #aijf71 ,! ,song ( ,re-,bir?1 ,! ,b>rel ,organ1 ,=ty ,s++ ,seam51 ,! ,highwayman2 ,book ,,ii f 8 ,drake3 ,an ,engli% ,epic 7,/okes74 ,! ,drama4--,f ,jones1 read ,! ,manoeuv]s ( ,jane1 ,mrs4 ,dane's ,def5ce 7,samuel ,fr5*72 f ,p9]o1 ,! ,amazons1 ,! ,s*ool ,mi/ress1 or ,sweet ,lav5d] 7,w4,h4 ,bak]72 f ,%aw's ,plays ,pleasant & ,unpleasant 7,br5tano71 ,c&ida1 ,y ,nev] ,c ,tell1 ,arms & ! ,man f ,b>rie1 ,pet] ,pan1 ,:at ,e ,woman ,kn[s2 f ,galswor?y1 ,/rife1 ,joy1 ,! ,little ,dream2 f ,phillips1 ,m>pessa 7poem71 ,ulysses 7,macmillan71 ,h]od2 f ,lady ,gregory's1 ,sev5 ,%ort ,plays 7,putnam71 ,! ,gaol ,gate1 ,spread+ ! ,news2 f h] ,new ,com$ies 7,putnam1 #aiac71 ,mc,donough's ,wife1 ,! ,bogie ,m52 f ,yeats's ,poetical ,works1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 7,macmillan71 ,! ,l& ( ,he>t's ,desire1 ,c\ntess ,ca?le52 f ,synge1 ,rid]s to ! ,sea1 ,! ,playboy ( ! ,we/]n ,_w1 ,deirdre ( ! ,sorr[s 7,john ,w4 ,luce74 ,que/ions & ,sugge/ions4--,/ev5son's ,! ,home ,book ( ,v]se & ,! ,ox=d ,book ( ,victorian ,v]se conta9 selections f a numb] ( ! poets4 ,mc,carthy's ,iri% ,lit]ature1 #aj vols41 gives selections f "w writt5 prior to #aijd4 ,! majority ( ! indicat$ read+s c be f\nd only 9 ! orig9al works ( ! au?ors4 ,give an outl9e ( ! mo/ important ?\ghts f "o essay & "o biography1 by bo? ,b5son & ,*e/]ton4 ,:at di/9ctive subject matt] d y f9d 9 ea* ( ! noveli/s8 ,h[ d same reflect ! _s ( ! age8 ,:at are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ea* ( ! poets8 ,:at does ! phrase ,celtic ,r5aissance signify8 ,9 brief1 :at _h ! drama accompli%$ f ! "t ( ! clos+ ( ! !at]s 9 #afdb to #ahij8 ,:at di/9ctive contributions to ! mod]n drama h ,p9]o1 ,%aw1 & ,b>rie made8 ,describe ! "w ( ,lady ,gregory1 ,yeats1 & ,synge4 ,9 :at does ,synge's special p[] consi/8 ,,footnotes ,,to ,,*apt] ,x3 ,footnotes #a-aa3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,footnotes #ab-ac3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company4 ,footnotes #ad-ae3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ! ,macmillan ,company4 ,footnote #af3 ,krans's ,william ,butl] ,yeats & ! ,iri% ,lit]>y ,revival4 ,footnotes #ag-ah3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?ors ,,& ,,_! ,,*ief ,,works3 #adjj-aeeh3 ,john ,lydgate 7#acgj8-adea873 ,falls ( ,pr9ces4 ,?omas ,occleve 7#acgj8-adej873 ,"m ( ,god2 ,gov]nail ( ,pr9ces4 ,sir ,john ,=tescue 7#acid8-adgf873 ,diff]5ce betwe5 an ,absolute & ,limit$ ,mon>*y4 ,! ,pa/on ,lett]s 7#adbb-aeji74 ,/eph5 ,hawes 7d4 #aebc873 ,pa/ime ( ,pleasure4 ,john ,skelton 7#adfj8-aebi73 ,b[ge ( ,c\rt2 ,philip ,sp>r[4 ,alex4 ,b>clay 7#adge8-aeeb73 ,%ip ( ,fools4 ,sir ,?omas ,m 7#adgh-aece73 ,utopia2 ,hi/ory ( ,edw>d ,v4 & ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,hugh ,latim] 7#adhe8-aeee73 ,s]mon on ! ,pl\gh]s4 ,sir ,david ,l9dsay 7#adij-aeee73 ,satire ( ! ,?ree ,e/ates4 #aeeh-afjc3 ,john ,knox7#aeje-aegb73 ,admonition2 ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation ( ,religion )9 ! ,realm ( ,scotl&2 ,s]mons4 ,george ,putt5ham 7d4 #aeij873 ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie4 ,edw>d ,dy] 7#aeej8-afjg73 ,my ,m9d to ,me a ,k+dom ,is4 ,samuel ,daniel 7#aefb-afai73 ,! ,compla9t ( ,rosamund2 ,a ,def5ce ( ,rhyme 7prose74 ,fulke ,greville 7,"l ,brooke1 #aeed-afbh73 ,caelica4 ,/eph5 ,gosson 7#aeee-afbd73 ,! ,s*ool ( ,abuse4 ,george ,gascoigne 7#aebe8-aegg73,! ,/eele ,glas4 ,william ,w>n] 7#aeeh8-afji73 ,albion's ,engl&4 #afjc-affj3 ,prose ,writ]s4--,rob]t ,burton 7#aegg-afdj73 ,! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly4 ,john ,seld5 7#aehd-afed73 ,table ,talk4 ,ri*>d ,baxt] 7#afae-afia73 ,! ,sa9ts' ,ev]la/+ ,re/4 ,poets & ,dramati/s4--,ph9eas ,flet*] 7#aehb-afej873 ,! ,purple ,isl&4 ,william ,drummond 7#aehe-afdi73 ,sonnets2 ,! ,cypresse ,grove 7prose74 ,giles ,flet*] 7#aehh8-afbc73 ,*ri/'s ,victory & ,triumph4 ,george ,)] 7#aehh-affg73 ,juv5ilia4 ,william ,br[ne 7#aeia-afdc87 ,britannia's ,pa/orals4 ,sir ,william ,d',av5ant 7#afjf-affh73 ,gondib]t4 ,edmund ,wall] 7#afjf-afhg73 ,poems2 ,song--,g1 lovely ,rose4 ,ri*>d ,cra%aw 7#afac8--afdi73 ,/eps to ! ,temple2 ,! ,delights ( ! ,muses4 ,sir ,john ,d5ham 7#afae-affi73 ,coop]'s ,hill4 ,abraham ,c[ley 7#afah-affg73 ,anacreontiques4 ,&rew ,m>vell 7#afba-afgh73 ,! ,g>d54 #affj-agdj3 ,dramati/s ( ! ,re/oration4--,sir ,william ,d',av5ant 7#afjf-affh73 ,love & ,honor4 ,george ,e!rege 7#afce8-afia873 ,! ,man ( ,mode4 ,william ,wy*]ley 7#afdj-agae73 ,! ,pla9 ,deal]4 ,?omas ,%adwell 7#afdb8-afib73 ,epson ,wells4 ,?omas ,otway 7#afeb-afhe73 ,v5ice ,pres]v$4 ,john ,vanbrugh 7#afff8-agbf73 ,! ,conf$]acy4 ,colley ,cibb] 7#afga-ageg73 ,! ,c>eless ,husb&4 ,george ,f>quh> 7#afgh-agjg73 ,! ,beaux' ,/ratagem4 ,prose ,writ]s4--,sir ,william ,temple 7#afbh-afii73 ,essays4 ,isaac ,b>r[ 7#afcj-afgg73 ,s]mons4 ,rob]t ,s\? 7#afcd-agaf73 ,s]mons4 ,ri*>d ,b5tley 7#affb-agdb73 ,epi/les ( ,phal>is4 ,gilb]t ,burnet 7#afdc-agae73 ,s]mons4 ,john ,arbu?not 7#affg-agce73 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,john ,bull4 ,"l ,bol+broke 7#afgh-agea73 ,lett] to ,sir ,william ,w9dham4 ,bi%op ,b]keley 7#afhe-agec73 ,alciphron or ! ,m9ute ,philosoph]4 ,lady ,m>y ,wortley ,montagu 7#afhi-agfb73 ,lett]s4 ,bi%op ,butl] 7#afib-ageb73 ,analogy ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion4 ,william ,w>burton 7#afih-aggi73 ,! ,div9e ,legation ( ,moses4 ,poets4--,mat!w ,prior 7#affd-agba73 ,%ort] ,poems4 ,isaac ,watts 7#afgc-agdh73 ,psalms & ,hymns4 ,?omas ,p>nell 7#afgi-agah73 ,a ,night-,piece on ,dea?2 ,! ,h]mit4 ,john ,gay 7#afhe-agcb73 ,fables2 ,! ,begg>'s ,op]a4 ,allan ,ramsay 7#afhf-ageh73 ,! ,g5tle ,%eph]d4 ,john ,dy] 7#agjj8-ageh73 ,grong> ,hill4 #agdj-aghj3 ,prose ,writ]s4--,gilb]t ,:ite 7#agbj-agic73 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,selborne4 ,william ,rob]tson 7#agba-agic73 ,hi/ory ( ! ,reign ( ,*>les ,v4 ,adam ,smi? 7#agbc-agij73 ,weal? ( ,nations4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib73 ,disc\rses on ,pa9t+4 ,?omas ,w>ton 7#agbh-agij73 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry4 ,sir ,philip ,francis 7#agdj-ahah73 ,lett]s ( ,junius4 ,fanny ,burney 7#ageb-ahdj73 ,evel9a4 ,poets4--,edw>d ,"y 7#afha-agfe73 ,night ,?\ghts4 ,*>les ,wesley 7#agjh-aghh73 ,hymns4 ,m>k ,ak5side 7#agba-ahjc73 ,! ,m9/rel4 ,rob]t ,f]gusson 7#agej-aggd73 ,braid ,clai?2 ,ode to ! ,g[dsp9k4 #aghj-ahcg3 ,philosoph]s4--,william ,paley 7#agdc-ahje73 ,natural ,!ology4 ,j]emy ,b5?am 7#agdh-ahcb73 ,pr9ciples ( ,morals & ,legislation4 ,william ,godw9 7#agef-ahcf73 ,inquiry conc]n+ ,political ,ju/ice4 ,?omas ,rob]t ,mal?us 7#agff-ahcd73 ,essay on ! ,pr9ciple ( ,population4 ,david ,ric>do 7#aggb-ahbc73 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy4 ,james ,mill 7#aggc-ahcf73 ,analysis ( ! ,human ,m9d4 ,hi/orians4--,john ,l+>d 7#agga-ahea73 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,h5ry ,hallam 7#aggg-ahei73 ,con/itutional ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,sir ,william ,napi] 7#aghe-ahfj73 ,hi/ory ( ! ,p59sul> ,w>4 ,essayi/s4--,william ,cobbett 7#agfb-ahce73 ,rural ,rides 9 ,engl&4 ,sydney ,smi? 7#agga-ahde73 ,lett]s ( ,pet] ,plymley4 ,francis ,jeffrey 7#aggc-ahej73 ,essays4 ,john ,wilson 7#aghe-ahed73 ,noctes ,ambrosianae4 ,john ,gibson ,lockh>d 7#agid-ahed73 ,life ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,noveli/s & ,dramati/s4--,william ,beck=d 7#agei-ahdd73 ,va!k4 ,m>ia ,edgewor? 7#agfg-ahdi73 ,ca/le ,rackr5t4 ,jane ,port] 7#aggf-ahej73 ,scotti% ,*iefs4 ,john ,galt 7#aggi-ahci73 ,! ,annals ( ! ,p>i%4 ,james ,%]idan ,kn[les 7#aghd-ahfb73 ,! ,hun*back2 ,! ,love ,*ase4 ,?omas ,love ,peacock 7#aghe-ahff73 ,nightm>e ,abbey4 ,m>y ,russell ,mit=d 7#aghg-ahee73 ,our ,village4 ,poets4--,george ,crabbe 7#aged-ahcb73 ,! ,bor\gh4 ,joanna ,baillie 7#agfb-ahea73 ,poems4 ,james ,hogg 7#aggj-ahce73 ,que5's ,wake4 ,?omas ,campbell 7#aggg-ahdd73 ,! ,pleasures ( ,hope4 ,?omas ,moore 7#aggi-aheb73 ,iri% ,melodies2 ,lalla ,rookh4 ,eb5ez] ,elliott 7#agha-ahdi73 ,corn ,law ,rhymes4 ,bryan ,w4 ,proct] 7#aghg-ahgd73 ,engli% ,songs4 ,john ,keble 7#agib-ahff7 ,! ,*ri/ian ,ye>4 ,felicia ,hemans 7#agic-ahce73 ,songs ( ! ,affections4 ,?omas ,hood 7#agii-ahde73 ,! ,song ( ! ,%irt2 ,! ,bridge ( ,sighs4 ,w9?rop ,pra$ 7#ahjb-ahci73 ,! ,season2 ,! ,lett] ( ,advice4 ,?omas ,b$does 7#ahjc-ahdi73 ,lyrics f ,dea?'s ,je/ ,book & f ,! ,bride's ,trag$y4 #ahcg-aijj3 ,philosoph]s & ,sci5ti/s4--,sir ,william ,hamilton 7#aghh-ahef7 ,lectures on ,metaphysics & ,logic4 ,mi*ael ,f>aday 7#agia-ahfg73 ,exp]im5tal ,rese>*es4 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell 7#agig-ahge73 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology2 ,antiquity ( ,man4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill 7#ahjf-ahgc73 ,sy/em ( ,logic2 ,utilit>ianism4 ,george ,h5ry ,lewes 7#ahag-ahgh73 ,a ,biographical ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy2 ,problems ( ,life & ,m9d4 ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e 7#ahbb-ahhh73 ,anci5t ,law2 ,village ,communities4 ,hi/orians4--,h5ry ,h>t ,milman 7#agia-ahfh73 ,hi/ory ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity d[n to ! ,dea? ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,v4 ,george ,grote 7#agid-ahga73 ,hi/ory ( ,greece4 ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de 7#ahah-ahid73 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! ,fall ( ,wolsey to ! ,defeat ( ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,h5ry ,?omas ,buckle 7#ahba-ahfb73 ,hi/ory ( ,civilization4 ,edw>d ,augu/us ,freeman 7#ahbc-ahib73 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,william ,/ubbs 7#ahbe-aija73 ,! ,con/itutional ,hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 its ,orig9 & ,developm5t4 ,samuel ,rawson ,g>d9] 7#ahbi-aijb73 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! ,accession ( ,james ,i4 to ! ,outbreak ( ,civil ,w>1 #afjc-afdb2 ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,civil ,w>1 #afdb-afdi2 ,hi/ory ( ! ,commonweal? & ! ,protectorate1 #afdi-affj4 ,ju/9 ,m',c>?y 7#ahcj-aiab73 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,our ,own ,times4 ,john ,ri*>d ,gre5 7#ahcg-ahhc73 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,william ,edw>d ,h>tpole ,lecky 7#ahch-aijc73 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,james ,bryce 7#ahch- 73 ,! ,holy ,roman ,empire2 ,! ,am]ican ,commonweal?4 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,abbot ,gasquet1 ,d4,d41 ,o4,s4,b4 7#ahdf- 73 ,h5ry ,,viii & ! ,engli% ,mona/]ies2 ,! ,great] ,abbeys ( ,engl&4 ,wilfrid ,w>d 7#ahef- 73 ,aubrey de ,v]e2 ,life & ,times ( ,c>d9al ,newman4 ,essayi/s & ,critics4--,george ,b>r[ 7#ahjc-ahha73 ,! ,bible 9 ,spa92 ,lav5gro4 ,walt] ,bagehot 7#ahbf-ahgg73 ,lit]>y ,/udies2 ,! ,engli% ,con/itution4 ,leslie ,/eph5 7#ahcb-aijd73 ,h\rs 9 a ,libr>y2 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,?\ght 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,john ,morley 7#ahch- 73 ,/udies 9 ,lit]ature2 ,edmund ,burke2 ,life ( ,glad/one4 ,john ,add+ton ,symonds 7#ahdj-ahic73 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy4 ,au/9 ,dobson 7#ahdj- 73 ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,vignettes2 ,h5ry ,field+1 ,samuel ,ri*>dson1 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?2 also ,collect$ ,poems4 ,edw>d ,d[d5 7#ahdc-aiac73 ,%akespe>e1 ,8 ,m9d & ,art2 ,life ( ,%elley2 ,/udies 9 ,lit]ature1 #aghi-ahgg4 ,&rew ,lang 7#ahdd-aiab73 ,lett]s to ,dead ,au?ors2 ,essays 9 ,little2 ,! ,iliad 9 ,engli% ,prose 7assi/$ by ,leaf & ,my]s72 also ,ballads & ,lyrics ( old ,france4 ,augu/9e ,birrell 7#ahej- 73 ,obit] ,dicta2 ,m51 ,wom51 & ,books2 ,9 ! ,"n ( ! ,bodleian ,a4 ,c4 ,bradley 7#ahea- 73 ,%akespe>ean ,trag$y2 ,ox=d ,lectures on ,poetry ,alice ,meynell 7#ahee- 73 ,! ,rhy?m ( ,life2 ,! ,_s ( ,place2 also ,collect$ ,poems4 ,william ,ar*] 7#ahef- 73 ,poets ( ! ,y\ng] ,g5]ation2 ,masks or ,faces3 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,psy*ology ( ,act+4 ,john ,w4 ,mackail 7#ahei- 73 ,! ,spr+s ( ,helicon2 ,life ( ,william ,norris4 ,noveli/s4--,wilkie ,coll9s 7#ahbd-ahii73 ,! ,moon/one4 ,d9ah ,m>ia ,craik 7#ahbf-ahgg73 ,john ,halifax1 ,g5tleman4 ,*>les ,l4 ,dodgson 7,lewis ,c>roll #ahcb-ahih73 ,alice 9 ,wond]l&2 ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass4 ,joseph ,h4 ,%or?\se 7#ahcd-aijc73 ,john ,+lesant4 ,walt] ,besant 7#ahcf-aija73 ,all ,sorts & ,conditions ( ,m54 ,william ,black 7#ahda-ahih73 ,a ,daught] ( ,he?4 ,canon ,w4 ,b>ry1 ,d4,d4 7#ahdi- 73 ,! ,two ,/&>ds4 ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d 7#ahea- 73 ,m>cella4 ,canon ,p4,a4 ,%eehan1 ,d4,d4 7#aheb- 73 ,my ,new ,curate2 ,! ,que5's ,fillet4 ,hall ,ca9e 7#ahec- 73 ,! ,manxman4 ,rid] ,hagg>d 7#ahef- 73 ,k+ ,solomon's ,m9es4 ,george ,giss+ 7#aheg-aijc73 ,new ,grub ,/reet2 ,! ,private ,pap]s ( ,h5ry ,ryecr(t4 ,john ,asc\gh 7,rt4 ,rev4 ,mgr4 ,bi*]/affe-,drew1 #aheh- 73 ,m>otz4 ,k5ne? ,grahame 7#ahei- 73 ,! ,gold5 ,age2 ,dream ,days4 ,a4 ,conan ,doyle 7#ahei- 73 ,! ,:ite ,company2 ,adv5tures ( ,%]lock ,holmes4 ,r4,h4 ,b5son 7#ahga- 73 ,by ,:at ,au?ority2 ,! ,que5's ,trag$y4 ,mrs4 ,wilfrid ,w>d3 ,great ,possessions4 ,poets4--,ri*>d ,h4 ,b>ham 7#aghh-ahde73 ,+oldsby ,leg5ds4 ,james ,c4 ,mangan 7#ahjc-ahdi73 ,select$ ,poems4 ,edw>d ,fitzg]ald 7#ahji-ahhc73 ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam 7translation74 ,aubrey de ,v]e 7#ahad-aijb73 ,iri% ,odes4 ,cov5try ,patmore 7#ahbc-ahif73 ,! ,angel 9 ! ,h\se2 ,amelia4 ,sidney ,dobell 7#ahbd-ahgd73 ,! ,roman2 ,bald]4 ,adelaide ,anne ,proct] 7#ahbe-ahfd73 ,leg5ds & ,lyrics4 ,jean ,+el[ 7#ahcj-ahig73 ,poems4 ,edw9 ,arnold 7#ahcb-aijd73 ,! ,light ( ,asia4 ,lewis ,morris 7#ahcc-aijg73 ,epic ( ,hades4 ,james ,?ompson 7#ahcd-ahhb73 ,! ,city ( ,dreadful ,night4 ,j4,b4,l4 ,w>r5 7,"l de ,tabley1 #ahce-ahie73 ,poems3 ,dramatic & ,lyrical4 ,alfr$ ,au/9 7#ahce-aiac1 appo9t$ poet-laureate 9 #ahif73 ,engli% ,lyrics1 edit$ by ,william ,watson4 ,!odore ,watts-,dunton 7#ahcb- 73 ,! ,com+ ( ,love4 ,philip ,b\rke ,m>/on 7#ahej-ahhg73 ,song-,tide & ,o!r ,poems2 ,w9d ,voices4 ,osc> ,wilde 7#ahed-aijj73 ,ave ,imp]atrix2 ,! ,ballad ( ,read+ ,gaol2 ,de ,pr(undis 7prose74 #aijj- ,essayi/s4--,v]non ,lee 7,violet ,paget1 #aheg- 73 ,! ,en*ant$ ,woods & ,o!r ,essays2 ,! ,s5tim5tal ,travel]4 ,lawr5ce ,pe>sall ,jacks 7#ahfj- 73 ,mad ,%eph]ds1 & ,o!r ,human ,/udies4 ,ar?ur ,symons 7#ahfe- 73 ,william ,blake2 ,! ,romantic ,movem5t 9 ,engli% ,poetry4 ,edw>d ,v]rall ,lucas 7#ahfh- 73 ,life ( ,*>les ,lamb2 ,old ,lamps = ,new2 also ! /ories ,ov] ,bem]ton's & ,mr4 ,+leside4 ,hilaire ,belloc 7#ahgj- 73 ,on ,ev]y?+4 ,noveli/s4--,ju/9 ,huntley ,m',c>?y 7#ahfj- 73 ,! ,pr\d ,pr9ce2 ,if ,i ,7 ,k+4 ,w4,w4 ,jacobs 7#ahfc- 73 ,_m ,c>goes2 ,%ip's ,company4 ,an?ony ,hope ,hawk9s 7,an?ony ,hope1 #ahfc- 73 ,! ,prison] ( ,z5da2 ,rup]t ( ,h5tzau4 ,m>ie ,corelli 7#ahfd- 73 ,!lma2 ,arda?4 ,rob]t ,s4 ,hi*5s 7#ahfd- 73 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,allah4 ,g4,w4 ,birm+ham 7rev4 ,j4,o4 ,hannay1 #ahfe- 73 ,spani% ,gold4 ,seumas ,macmanus 7#ahgj- 73 ,! ,*imney ,corn]2 ,donegal ,fairy ,/ories4 ,j4,c4 ,snai? 7#ahgf- 73 ,aram9ta2 ,broke ( ,cov5d54 ,may ,s9clair3 ,! ,div9e ,fire4 ,poets4--,a4,e4 ,h\sman 7#ahei- 73 ,a ,%rop%ire ,lad4 ,ka!r9e ,tynan ,h9kson 7#ahfa- 73 ,collect$ ,poems2 ,new ,poems 7#aiaa74 ,ar?ur ,*ri/oph] ,b5son 7#ahfb- 73 ,collect$ ,poems2 ,paul ,! ,m9/rel4 ,h5ry ,newbolt 7#ahfb- 73 ,admirals ,all4 ,h]b]t ,tr5* 7#ahfe- 73 ,deirdre ,w$d$ & ,n9ete5 ,o!r ,poems2 ,collect$ ,poems4 ,e?na ,c>b]ry 7#ahff-aijb73 ,! ,pass+ ( ! ,gael4 ,ri*>d ,le ,galli5ne 7#ahff- 73 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son & ,o!r ,poems2 ,attitudes & ,av[als 7essays72 ,! ,end ( ! ,ra9b[ 7/ories74 ,lionel ,johnson 7#ahfg-aijb73 ,poems4 ,lawr5ce ,b9yon 7#ahfi- 73 ,london ,visions2 ,atilla 7poetic drama74 ,nora ,hopp] ,*esson 7#ahga-aijf73 ,"u ,quick5 ,b\ghs4 ,dora ,sig]son ,%ort] 7#ahgc- 73 ,collect$ ,poems4 ,john ,dr9kwat] 7#ahhb- 73 ,poems ( ,love & ,dea?2 ,k+ ,cophetua4 ,ri*>d ,middleton4 7#ahhb-aiaa73 ,poems & ,songs4 ,lascelles ,ab]crombie3 ,int]ludes4 ,james ,/eph5s3 ,hill ( ,vision2 ,crock ( ,gold 7prose fiction74 ,t4 ,/urge ,moore3 ,aphrodite aga9/ ,artemis2 ,poems4 ,celtic ,dramati/s4--,george ,moore 7#ahec- 73 ,! ,b5d+ ( ! ,b\gh4 ,edw>d ,m>tyn 7#ahei- 73 ,! ,hea!r ,field4 ,william ,boyle3 ,! ,build+ ,fund4 ,padric ,colum3 ,?omas ,musk]ry2 ! ,fiddl]'s ,h\se4 ,l5nox ,rob9son3 ,patriots4 ,ru!r=d ,mayne3 ,! ,turn ( ! ,road4 ,h4 ,granville ,b>k] 7,engli% dramati/1 #ahgg- 73 ,! ,voysey ,inh]itance4 ,,index ,ab]crombie1 ,lascelles ,absalom & ,a*itophel ,abt ,vogl] ,actors1 9 e>ly plays 9 ,elizabe?an !at] ,adam ,b$e ,addison1 ,joseph1 collaborates ) ,/eele incid5tal ref]5ce to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,admirable ,cri*ton1 ,! ,adonais ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+ ,adv5tures ( ,h>ry ,ri*mond ,a,elfric ,aids to ,reflection ,ak5side1 ,m>k ,ala/or ,al*emi/1 ,! ,alex&]'s ,fea/ ,alfr$1 ,k+ ,alice-=-,%ort ,all = ,love ,alys\n ,amaz+ ,m>riage1 ,! ,amazone1 ,! ,amelia ,am]ican ,taxation1 ,spee* on ,amori/s ,anci5t ,m>9] ,ancr5 ,riwle ,&rea del ,s>to ,&reas ,anglo-,norman p]iod & ,*auc]'s ,age *>act]i/ics ( ,normans hi/ory language metrical romances poets prose writ]s ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & "q summ>y ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle ,anglo-,saxon language ,anglo-,saxon p]iod hi/ory home1 migrations & religion ( ,anglo-,saxons language mission ( ,engli% lit]ature poetry prose ref]5ces on subject matt] & aim sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,anglo-,saxons1 e>lie/ lit]ature ( ,annus ,mirabilis ,antiqu>y1 ,! ,apologia1 ,newman's ,apologie = ,poetrie ,arbu?not1 ,john ,arcadia ,ar*]1 ,william ,areopagitica ,arnold1 ,edw9 ,arnold1 ,mat!w g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( poetical works prose works quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,arnold1 ,?omas ,ar?ur1 ,k+ ,as*am1 ,rog] ,a/raea ,r$ux ,z ,y ,l ,x ,atalanta 9 ,calydon ,att]bury1 ,francis ,aur5gzebe ,au/51 ,jane1 incid5tal ref]5ces to life & works ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,au/91 ,alfr$ ,autobiography1 ,frankl9's ,ayse\gh1 ,john ,bacon1 ,francis1 incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,bacon1 ,rog] ,bagehot1 ,walt] ,baillie1 ,joanna ,bald] ,dead ,bale1 ,john ,ballad ( ,ag9c\rt ,ballads1 ,engli% 9 fifte5? c5tury ,b>*e/] ,t[]s ,b>clay1 ,alex&] ,b>ham1 ,ri*>d ,h4 ,b>k]1 ,h4 ,granville ,b>naby ,rudge ,b>rack ,room ,ballads ,b>rie1 incid5tal ref]5ces to sugge/$ read+s 9 ,b>r[1 ,isaac ,battle ( ,brunnburh ,battle ( ! ,books ,baxt]1 ,ri*>d ,beattie1 ,james ,beaumont1 ,frances ,becket ,becket1 ,?omas ,beck=d1 ,william ,b$does1 ,?omas ,b$e1 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,behn1 ,mrs4 ,aphra ,belloc1 ,hilaire ,b5nett1 ,arnold sugge/$ read+s 9 ,b5son1 ,ar?ur ,*ri/oph] sugge/$ read+s 9 ,b5son1 ,r4,h4 ,b5?am1 ,j]emy ,b5tley1 ,ri*>d ,be[ulf sugge/$ read+s 9 ,b]keley1 ,george ,besant1 ,walt] ,bible1 ,k+ ,james v]sion ,tyndale's translation ( ,wycliffe's translation ( ,bick]/aff1 ,isaac ,bick]/affe-,drew1 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,mgr4 ,b9yon1 ,lawr5ce ,biographia ,lit]>ia ,birm+ham1 ,g4,w4 7,hanney1 ,rev4 ,j4,o47 ,birrell1 ,augu/9e ,black1 ,william ,blackmore1 ,ri*>d ,d4 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,blackwood's ,ed9burgh ,magaz9e ,blake1 ,william ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,blank v]se 9 eighte5? c5tury introduction into ,engl& ,%akespe>e's & ,m>l[e's use ( ,bleak ,h\se ,bless$ ,damozel1 ,! ,blot 9 ! ',scut*eon ,bol+broke1 ,"l ,bonduca ,book ( ,m>tyrs ,borr[1 ,george ,boswell1 ,james ,boy actors ,boyle1 ,william ,bradley1 ,&rew ,br&es1 ,georg1 quot$ ,bret ,h>te ,bride ( ,lamm]moor ,bridges1 ,rob]t sugge/$ read+s 9 ,bront1 ,*>lotte ref]5ces = sugge/$ read+s 9 ,bront1 ,emily ,brooke1 ,/op=d1 quot$ ,br[n1 ,*>les ,brockd5 ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 ,william ,br[n+1 ,elizabe? ,b>rett1 life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,br[n+1 ,rob]t g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( optimi/ic philosophy ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,brut ,layamon's ,wace's ,bryce1 ,james ,buckle1 ,h5ry ,?omas ,bulw] ,lytton sugge/$ read+s 9 ,bunyan g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces = sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,burke1 ,edmund ref]5ces = sugge/$ read+s 9 ,burnet1 ,gilb]t ,burney1 ,fanny ,burns1 ,rob]t g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( love songs ( poetic cre$ ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,burton1 ,rob]t ,butl]1 ,bi%op ,butl]1 ,samuel ,byron1 ,"l comp>$ ) ,%akespe>e dramas ( g5]al *>act]i/ics incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,ca$mon comp>$ ) ,milton ,ca$monian ,cycle ,ca9 ,ca9e1 hall ,caliban ^u ,setebos ,camd51 ,william ,campbell1 ,?omas ,cant]bury ,tales ,c>b]ry1 ,e?na ,c>ew1 ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on ,s>tor ,res>tus sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,c>ols ( fifte5? c5tury ,c>roll1 ,lewis ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce ,ca/le ( ,otranto ,ca!drals1 ,go?ic ,cato ,cavali] poets ,caxton1 ,william ,celtic dramati/s ,celtic imag]y ,celtic ,r5aissance ,c5ci1 ,! ,crvantes ,*apel ,royal ,*apman1 ,george ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade ,*att]ton1 ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,*auc]1 ,ge(frey ,cant]bury ,tales comp>$ ) ,sp5s] e>li] poems ( incid5tal ref]5ces to influ5ce on ,engli% language life ( qualitites ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,*auc]'s age4 ,see ,anglo-,norman p]iod ,*esson1 ,nora ,hopp] ,*e/] plays ,*e/]ton1 ,gilb]t ,k4 ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]se1 ,a ,*ri/1 ,cynewulf's ,*ri/abel ,*ri/mas ,c>ol1 ,a ,*ronicle1 ,!1 ,/['s ,*ronicles ( ,engl&1 ,irel& & ,scotl& ,cibb]1 ,colley ,citiz5 ( ! ,_w ,cl>5don1 ,"l ,cl>issa ,h>l[e ,classical c\plet ,classic s*ool ,clive1 ,rob]t ,cloi/] & ! ,he>? ,cl\d1 ,! ,cl\gh1 ,ar?ur ,hugh sugge/$ read+s 9 ,cobbett1 ,william ,col]idge1 ,samuel ,taylor association ) ,wordswor? g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( poetry ( prose ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,colli]1 ,j]emy ,coll9s1 ,wilkie sugge/$ read+s 9 ,coll9s1 ,william ,colloquium ,colombe's ,bir?day ,colum1 ,padric ,com$ies1 e>ly ,com$y ( ,errors1 ,! ,complete ,angl] ,comus ,conciliation ) ,am]ica1 ,burke's spee* on ,conduct ( ! ,und]/&+ ,confessio ,amantis ,confessions ( an ,engli% ,opium-,eat] ,congreve1 ,william ,conrad1 ,joseph ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,coop]1 ,fr$]ic ,tab]1 quot$ ,corelli1 ,m>ie ,corni%1 ,william ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night ,c\plet1 classical rim+ ,c\rt plays ,cov5try plays ,c[ley1 ,abraham ,c[p]1 ,william g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,crabbe1 ,george ,craik1 ,d9ah ,m>ia ,cran=d ,cranm]'s ,bible ,cra%aw1 ,ri*>d ,critical writ+s ,addison's ,age ( ,romanticism ,arnold's ,c>lyle's ,col]idge's ,de ,qu9cey's ,dryd5's ,johnson's ,pope's ,sw9burne's ,criticism1 fir/ essay on ,cromwell's ,bible ,cross1 ,john ,w4 ,cross+ ! ,b> ,cry ( ! ,*ildr5 ,curse ( ,kehama ,cymbel9e ,cynewulf ,cynewulf ,cycle sugge/$ read+s 9 ,daniel ,d]onda ,daniel1 ,samuel ,d>w91 ,*>les ,d',av5ant1 ,sir ,william ,david & ,ba?sabe ,david ,balf\r ,david ,copp]field ,davidson1 ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,dea! ( ,blan*e ! ,du*esse ,decam]on1 framework ( simil> to ,cant]bury ,tales ,de-foe1 ,daniel a j\rnali/ incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,dekk]1 ,?omas ,deloney1 ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,de ,morgan1 ,william ,fr5d ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,d5ham1 ,sir ,john ,dep>tm5tal ,ditties ,de ,qu9cey1 ,?omas g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,des]t$ ,village1 ,! ,de ,v]e1 ,aubrey ,diana ( ! ,crossways ,di>y1 ,evelyn's ,pepys's ,dick5s1 ,*>les contra/$ ) ,?ack]ay g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language1 ,johnson's ,didactic v]se ,discov]y ( ,guiana1 ,! ,disda9 ,return$ ,diurnall ,div9e ,vision1 ,! ,dobell1 ,sidney ,dobson1 ,au/9 quot$ sugge/$ read+s 9 ,dodgson1 ,*>les ,l4 7,lewis ,c>roll7 ,dombey & ,son ,don ,juan ,donne1 ,john opposes sonnet sugge/$ read+s 9 ,don ,quixote ,d\ble ,deal]1 ,! ,d\glas1 ,gawa9 ,dov] ,bea* ,d[d51 ,edw>d quot$ ,doyle1 ,a4 ,conan ,dr4 ,fau/us ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde ,drake3 ,an ,engli% ,epic ,drama1 ,engli% & ! unities actors 9 e>ly ,beaumont & ,flet*] 9 com$ies1 e>ly c\rt plays decl9e ( dur+ ,re/oration e>ly religi\s end ( ,elizabe?an int]lude ,iri% ,m>l[e1 f\nd] ( ,engli% miracle & my/]y plays mod]n morality plays sugge/$ read+s 9 ,see also ,elizabe?an ,age1 ,jonson1 ,m>l[e1 ,%akespe>e1 etc4 ,dramatic ,lyrics1 ,br[n+'s ,dramatic ,romances & ,lyrics1 ,br[n+'s ,dramatic unities ,dramatis ,p]sonae ,drapi]'s ,lett]s ,drayton1 ,mi*ael sugge/$ read+s 9 ,dream ,*ildr5 ,dream ( ,fair ,wom51 ,a ,dream ( ,g]ontius ,dr9kwat]1 ,john ,drummond1 ,william ,dryd51 ,john g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( prose ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,sp5s]'s influ5ce on works ( ,du*ess ( ,malfi1 ,! ,dunb>1 ,william ,dunciad ,dy]1 ,edw>d ,dy]1 ,john ,e>?ly ,p>adise ,edgewor?1 ,m>ia ,ed9burgh ,review ,edw>d ,,ii ,egoi/1 ,! ,eighte5? c5tury1 e>ly lit]ature4 ,see ,re/oration p]iod1 etc4 ,eighte5? c5tury1 lat] lit]ature hi/ory lit]>y *>act]i/ics noveli/s poets prose writ]s ref]5ces on romanticism sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,elegy ,writt5 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d ,el5e ,eliot1 ,george g5]al *>act]i/ics incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,elizabe?1 ,que5 ,elizabe?an age hi/ory ,jonson life ( ,m>l[e m9or dramati/s miracle & my/]y plays morality plays poetry 7non-dramatic7 pres5tation ( ,elizabe?an plays prose writ]s ref]5ces on ,%akespe>e sugge/$ read+s 9 summ>y ,elliott1 ,eb5ez] ,emma ,endymion ,engl&1 orig9 ( "n ( ,engli% humori/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,engli% language1 ,*auc]'s influ5ce on em]g5ce ( mod]n ,engli% lit]ature mission ( subject matt] & aim ( ,epigrams1 ,watson's ,epipsy*idion ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,arbu?not ,epi?alamion ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy ,essay on ,criticism ,essay on ,man ,essays ,addison's ,arnold's ,bacon's ,b5son's ,c>lyle's ,*e/]ton's ,de ,qu9cey's ,goldsmi?'s ,johnson's ,lamb's ,macaulay's ,newman's ,pat]'s ,pope's ,/ev5son's ,sw9burne's ,?ack]ay's ,essays 9 ,criticism ,essays ( ,elia ,e!rege1 ,george ,e?ical purposes1 9 lit]ature4 ,see ,moral ideals ,euphues ,euphuism ,evan ,h>r+ton ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes ,evelyn1 ,john ,e ,man 9 ,8 ,humor ,excursion ,exet] ,book ,exp$ition ( ,humphrey ,cl9k] ,fables1 ,anci5t & mod]n ,fa]ie ,que5e ,fai?ful ,%eph]dess ,famili> ,/udies ( ,m5 & ,books ,f> ,f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d ,f> ,travel]1 ,! ,f>aday1 ,mi*ael ,f>quh>1 ,george ,fau/us1 ,dr4 ,f]gusson1 ,rob]t ,field1 ,eug5e ,field+1 ,h5ry ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,fight at ,f9nsburg ,fiona ,macleod4 ,see ,%>p1 ,william ,fitzg]ald1 ,edw>d ,fleet ,/reet ,eclogues ,flet*]1 ,giles ,flet*]1 ,john ,flet*]1 ,ph9eas ,fl[] ( ,old ,japan ,=d ,=e/ ( ,wild ,?yme ,=s ,clavig]a ,=tescue1 ,sir ,john ,=tunes ( ,m5 ,f\r ,georges ,f\r ,p's ,fox1 ,*>les ,james ,foxe1 ,john ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce ,francis1 ,sir ,philip ,frank5/e9 ,frankl91 ,b5jam9 ,freeman1 ,edw>d ,augu/us quot$ ,fr5* elem5t 9 ,engli% ,fr5* ,revolution1 influ5ce on lit]ature ,fr5* ,revolution 7,c>lyle's7 ,fronde1 ,james ,an?ony ,full]1 ,?omas ,fun]al ,elegy ,galswor?y1 ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,galt1 ,john ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le ,gaol ,gate ,g>d9]1 ,samuel ,rawson ,g>d9]'s ,daught]1 ,! ,g>rick1 ,david ,gascoigne1 ,george ,gaskell1 ,elizabe? ,c4 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,gasquet1 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,abbot ,gates ( ,dreaml& ,gawayne & ! ,gre5 ,knight ,gay1 ,john ,g5]al ref]5ce li/ = ,engli% lit]ature ,g5tle ,craft ,ge(frey ( ,monm\? ,gibbon1 ,edw>d quot$ sugge/$ read+s 9 ,gibson1 ,wilfrid sugge/$ read+s 9 ,giss+1 ,george ,glad/one1 ,william ,e4 ,gleeman songs ( ,globe ,!at] ,godw91 ,william ,goldsmi?1 ,oliv] g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,good-,natur$ ,man1 ,! ,gorboduc ,gosse4 ,edmund1 quot$ ,gosson1 ,/eph5 ,g[]1 ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,grahame1 ,k5ne? ,gray1 ,?omas ref]5ces = sugge/$ read+s 9 ,gre51 ,john ,ri*>d ,gre5e1 ,rob]t ,gregory1 ,lady ,augu/a sugge/$ read+s 9 ,gregory1 ,pope ,greville1 ,fulke 7,"l ,brooke7 ,grote1 ,george ,gulliv]'s ,travels ,guy ,mann]+ ,hagg>d1 ,rid] ,hakluyt1 ,ri*>d ,hallam1 ,ar?ur ,h5ry ,hamilton1 ,sir ,william ,hamlet ,h&lyng ,synne ,h>d ,times ,h>dy1 ,?omas g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,h>leian1 ,m4,s4 ,hawes1 ,/eph5 ,hawk9s1 ,an?ony ,hope 7,an?ony ,hope7 ,hazlitt1 ,william sugge/$ read+s 9 ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian ,he9e1 ,he9ri* ,hemans1 ,felicia ,h5ley1 ,w4,e4 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,h5ry ,esmond ,h5ry ,,iv ,h5ry ,v ,h5ry ,,viii ,h5ryson1 ,rob]t ,h]b]t1 ,george ,h]o & ,le&] ,h]od ,h]oes & h]o ,wor%ip ,h]rick1 ,rob]t sugge/$ read+s 9 ,hesp]ides ,hewlett1 ,maurice sugge/$ read+s 9 ,heywood1 ,john ,heywood1 ,?omas ,hi*5s1 ,rob]t ,s4 ,hilda ,lessways ,h9d & ! ,pan!r ,h9kson1 ,ca!r9e ,tynan ,hi/orical prose ,hi/orical ,sket*es1 ,newman's ,hi/ory1 ,engli%1 ,age ( ,romanticism ,anglo-,norman p]iod ,anglo-,saxon p]iod ,eighte5? c5tury ,elizabe?an age ,puritan age ,r5aissance ,re/oration p]iod ,victorian age ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ,hume's ,macaulay's ,hi/ory ( ,fri$ri* ,,ii ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,great ,rebellion ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,brita9 ,hi/ory ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w ,hi/ory ( ! ,wor?ies ( ,engl& 7,full]'s7 ,hobbes1 ,?omas ,hogg1 ,james ,hol9%$1 ,raphael ,holman-,hunt1 ,william ,holy ,dy+ ,holy ,liv+ ,holy ,w> ,hom]1 ,*apman's ,hom]1 ,pope's translation ( ,homew>d ,songs by ! ,way ,homilies ,hood1 ,?omas ,hook]1 ,ri*>d ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,hope1 ,an?ony 7,hawk9s7 ,horace1 influ5ce ( ,h\s ( ,fame ,h\sman1 ,a4,e4 ,h[ells1 ,william ,d41 quot$ ,hudibras ,hugo1 ,victor1 quot$ ,hume1 ,david ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,humor ,addison's ,arnold's ,b>rie's ,burns's ,c>lyle's ,*auc]'s ,c[p]'s ,de ,qu9cey's ,dick5s's ,field+'s ,full]'s ,goldsmi?'s ,locke's ,m]$i?'s ,pope's ,/]ne's ,swift's ,?ack]ay's ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> ,hunt1 ,leigh sugge/$ read+s 9 ,huxley1 ,?omas quot$ ,hyde1 ,dr4 ,d\glas ,hydriotaphia ,hymns1 ,addison's ,hyp]ion ,ibs51 ,h5rik1 influ5ce ( ,idea ( a ,univ]sity ,ideals4 ,see ,moral ideals4 ,idl] ,idylls ( ! ,k+ ,il ,p5s]oso ,iliad1 ,pope's translation ( ,imag9>y ,conv]sations ,9 a ,balcony ,9 ,memoriam ,9 ! ,s\? ,seas ,induction 7,sackville's7 ,+el[1 ,jean ,inl& ,voyage ,int]lude ,inv5tion1 age ( ,iri% drama ,iri% ,national ,!at] ,isabella ,ivanhoe ,jack ( ,newb]ry ,jacks1 ,lawr5ce ,pe>sall ,jacobs1 ,w4,w4 ,james ,i ( ,scotl& ,jane ,eyre ,jeffrey1 ,francis ,jew ( ,malta ,john ,gilp9 ,johnson1 ,lionel ,johnson ,samuel ,boswell's life ( conv]s] & lit]>y lawgiv] g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,jona?an ,wild ! ,great ,jones1 ,h5ry ,ar?ur sugge/$ read+s 9 ,jonson1 ,b5 g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( opposes sonnet plays ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,joseph ,&rews ,joseph ,vance ,j\rnal ( ! ,plague ,ye> ,j\rnal to ,/ella ,jude ! ,obscure ,judi? ,juliana ,julius ,caes> ,jungle ,books ,jury sy/em1 developm5t ( ,j ,s ,/ories ,kant ,keats1 ,john g5]al *>act]i/ics incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( poems ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,keble1 ,john ,k5ilwor? ,kidnapp$ ,kim ,k+ ,le> ,k+ ( ! ,gold5 ,riv]1 ,! ,k+'s ,quair1 ,! ,k+sley1 ,*>les sugge/$ read+s 9 ,kipl+1 ,rudy>d g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ,nobel prize aw>d$ to prose ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 v]se ( ,knighte's ,tale1 ,*auc]'s ,knoblau*1 ,edw>d ,kn[les1 ,james ,%]idan ,knox1 ,john ,kubla ,khan ,kyd1 ,?omas ,lady ( ! ,lake ,lake ,poets ,l',allegro ,lamb1 ,*>les quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,lamia ,l&or1 ,walt] ,savage sugge/$ read+s 9 ,lang1 ,&rew ,lngl&1 ,william ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,language1 new ,engli% ,languages1 aft] ,norman ,conque/ ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii ,latim]1 ,hugh ,layamon sugge/$ read+s 9 ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel ,lay ,s]mons1 ,huxley's ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome ,lecky1 ,william ,edw>d ,h>tpole ,lectures on ,art ,lectures on ,%akespe>e ,lee1 ,v]non 7,violet ,paget7 ,le ,galli5ne1 ,ri*>d ,leg5de ( ,good ,wom5 ,levia?an ,lewes1 ,george ,h5ry ,life & ,dea? ( ,mr4 ,badman ,life ( ,johnson ,boswell's ,macaulay's ,life ( ,nelson ,light t ,fail$1 ,! ,l9dsay1 ,sir ,david ,l+>d1 ,john ,lit]>y ,club ,lit]>y ,engl& lit]>y it9]>y ref]5ces on ,lit]ature *ange 9 subject-matt] aft] ,re/oration *ildhood introduc$ into def9itions ( influ5ce ( _s ( re=m on ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t ,re=mation influ5ces ,little ,m9i/] ,little ,:ite ,bird ,lives ( ! ,engli% ,poets ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts ,locke1 ,john ref]5ces on ,locke1 ,william ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,lockh>t1 ,john ,gibson ,locksley ,hall ,locksley ,hall ,sixty ,ye>s ,aft] ,lodge1 ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,london ,"l ,ormont & ,8 ,am9ta ,lorna ,doone ,l\nsbury1 ,t4,r41 quot$ ,love lyrics ,lovelace1 ,ri*>d ,love's ,labor's ,lo/ ,l[ell1 ,james ,russell1 quot$ ,lucas1 ,edw>d ,v]rall ,lucrece ,lu!r1 ,m>t9 ,lycidas ,lydgate1 john ,lyell1 ,sir ,*>les ,lyly1 ,john ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,lyrical ,ballads1 ,col]idge's ,wordswor?'s ,lyrical v]se 9 ,elizabe?an age ,lytton1 ,edw>d ,bulw] ,macaulay1 ,?omas ,bab+ton g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ,hi/ory ( ,engl& incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,macbe? ,m',c>?y1 ,ju/9 ,huntley ,mac ,flecknoe ,mackail1 ,john w4 ,macleod1 ,fiona4 ,see ,%>p1 ,william ,macmanus1 ,seumas ,macph]son1 ,james ,magna ,*>ta ,maid's ,trag$y ,ma9e1 ,sir ,h5ry ,malory1 ,sir ,?omas ,mal?us1 ,?omas ,rob]t ,mal?usian !orem ,m&eville1 ,sir ,john ,manfr$ ,mangan1 ,james ,c4 ,mansfield ,p>k ,m>l[e1 ,*ri/oph] g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,m>mion ,m>/on1 ,john ,m>/on1 ,philip ,b\rke ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit ,m>tyn1 ,edw>d ,m>vell1 ,&rew ,masefield1 ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,masque ,mass+]1 ,philip ,masson1 ,david1 quot$ ,ma/] ( ,ballantrae ,maud ,mayor ( ,ca/]bridge ,melan*oly1 lit]ature ( ,memoirs ( a ,cavali] ,memories & ,portraits ,m5 & ,wom5 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice ,m]$i?1 ,george g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,metrical romances ,meynell1 ,alice ,mi*ael ,mi*aelmas ,t]m ,middle ,ages ,middlem>* ,middleton1 ,ri*>d ,middleton1 ,?omas ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,mill1 ,james ,mill1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill on ! ,floss ,millais1 ,john ,ev]ett ,milman1 ,h5ry ,h>t ,milton1 ,john *>act]i/ics ( poetry comp>$ ) ,%akespe>e incid5tal ref]5ces to influ5ce ( ,p>adise ,lo/ life ( ,macaulay's essay on ,p>adise ,lo/ quot$ ref]5ces on ,sp5s]'s influ5ce on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,m9/relsy ( ! ,scotti% ,bord] ,miracle plays sugge/$ read+s 9 ,mit=d1 ,m>y ,russell ,mod]n ,pa9t]s ,mode/ ,proposal ,molire ,moll ,fl&]s ,montagu1 ,lady ,m>y ,wortley ,moore1 ,george ,moore1 ,?omas ,moore1 ,t4 ,/urge ,moral ideals1 ,addison's ,br[n+'s ,c>lyle's ,dick5s's ,george ,eliot's 9 ,be[ulf ,m]$i?'s ,milton's ( ,alfr$ ! ,great ( ,puritan age ,ri*>dson's ,rusk9's ,%akespe>e's ,sw9burne's "u m9or dramati/s ,moralitites1 sugge/$ read+s = ,morality play ,m1 ,sir ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,morley1 ,h5ry1 quot$ ,morley1 ,john ,morris1 ,lewis ,morris1 ,william ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,morte d',ar?ur ,m\rn+ ,bride ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+ ,my/]ies ( ,udolpho ,my/]y plays ,napi]1 ,sir ,william ,na%e1 ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,nature z depict$ 9 ,scotti% poetry ,burns's1 treatm5t ( ,byron's1 poetry ( ,*auc]'s love ( ,col]idge's treatm5t ( ,c[p]'s poems ( ,dunb> a /ud5t ( ,gray's poetry ( gr[? ( appreciation ( ,keats's treatm5t ( poetry ( ,rusk9's love ( ,scott's treatm5t ( ,%akespe>e's treatm5t ( ,%elley's treatm5t ( ,t5nyson's poetry ( ,?omason's poetry ( ,walton's love ( ,wordswor?'s poetry ( ,navigations1 ,voyages1 & ,discov]ies ( ! ,engli% ,nation ,necessity ( ,a!ism ,new ,atlantis ,new ,ye>'s ,eve ,newbolt1 ,h5ry ,newcomes1 ,! ,newman1 ,c>d9al ,john ,h5ry g5]al *>act]i/ics ( life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,news books ,news lett]s ,newspap]s ,ni*olas ,nickleby ,nietzs*e1 ,fri$ri* ,night+ale1 ,to a ,noble ,numb]s ,norman conque/ ,nor?1 ,sir ,?omas ,nor?ang] ,abbey ,novel1 developm5t ( developm5t ( mod]n 9 eighte5? c5tury 9 sixte5? c5tury 9 tw5tie? c5tury 9 ,victorian age 7,see also ,scott1 ,dick5s1 ,eliot1 ,?ack]ay1 etc47 pic>esque sugge/$ read+s = ,novum ,organum ,noyes1 ,alfr$ sugge/$ read+s 9 ,nut-,br[n maid1 ,! ,ob]mm]gau ,passion ,play ,occleve1 ,?omas ,ode on a ,grecian ,urn ,ode on ! ,passions ,ode to ,ev5+ ,ode to ,mrs4 ,anne ,killigrew ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d ,odyssey1 ,pope's translation ( ,( ! ,laws ( ,ecclesia/ical ,polity ,old ,ba*elor1 ,! ,old ,*9a ,old ,curiosity ,%op1 ,! ,old ,mortality ,oliv] ,twi/ ,olney ,hymns ,on ! ,morn+ ( ,*ri/'s ,nativity ,on ,translat+ ,hom] ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]el ,orig9 ( ,species ,orm's ,ormulum ,oroonoke ,orosius 7,alfr$'s7 ,ossian ,o!llo ,otway1 ,?omas ,our ,mutual ,fri5d ,palace ( ,art ,paley1 ,william ,pamela ,p&o/o ,p>acelsus ,p>adise ,lo/ ,p>adise ,rega9$ ,p>aphrase1 ,ca$mon's ,p>nell1 ,?omas ,passion ,play at ,ob]mm]gau ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,pa/oral lyrics ,pat]1 ,walt] ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,patmore1 ,cov5try ,peacock1 ,?omas ,love ,peele1 ,george ,p5d5nis ,pepys1 ,samuel ,p]cy1 ,?omas ,p]egr9e ,pickle ,p]icles & ,aspasia ,p]k9 ,w>beck ,p]suasion ,pet] ,pan ,phila/] ,phillips1 ,/eph5 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,phillpotts1 ,ed5 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,philosophical prose ,col]idge's ( age ( ,romantiscism ( eighte5? c5tury ,philosophical prose1 ( ,puritan age ,pho5ix ,pic>esque novel ,pickwick ,pap]s ,pi]s ,pl[man ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s = ,pilgrim's ,progress ,p9]o1 ,sir ,ar?ur ,w+ sugge/$ read+s 9 ,pipp ,passes ,play ( ,noah's ,flood ,play ( ! ,%eph]ds ,playboy ( ! ,we/]n ,_w ,plays1 ,pleasant & ,unpleasant ,plut>*'s ,lives ,poe1 ,edg> ,allan1 quot$ ,poet1 ,! ,pope1 ,alex&] g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 translation ( ,hom] works ( ,pope ,gregory ,port]1 ,jane ,pra$1 ,w9?rop ,praet]ita ,prelude1 ,! ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t sugge/$ read+s 9 ,pre-,raphaelitism ,pride & ,prejudice ,pr9cess1 ,! ,pr9t+1 inv5tion ( ,prior1 ,mat!w ,proct]1 ,adelaide ,anne ,proct]1 ,bryan ,w4 ,prome!us ,unb\nd ,puritan age hi/ory poets prose writ]s ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,putt5ham1 ,george ,qu>t]ly ,review ,quill]-,c\* 7,coo*71 ,sir ,ar?ur sugge/$ read+s 9 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra ,radcliffe1 ,mrs4 ,anne ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt] ,ralph ,roy/] ,doy/] ,rambl]1 ,! ,ramsay1 ,allan ,rape ( ! ,lock ,rasselas ,reade1 ,*>les sugge/$ read+s 9 ,read+s1 sugge/ions = ,recessional ,ref]5ces1 hi/orical & lit]>y ,ref]5ces = lit]>y ,engl& ,reflections on ! ,revolution 9 ,france ,re=mation ,religio ,laici ,religio ,m$ici ,religion1 effect ( on lit]ature ,religi\s drama ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,engli% ,poetry ,rem9isc5ces1 ,c>lyle's ,r5aissance causes & effects ( ! ,r5aissance culm9ation ( hi/ory 9 ,elizabe?'s reign influ5ce on ,*auc] inv5tion ( pr9t+ poets prose writ]s ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,r5aissance2 ,/udies 9 ,art & ,poetry ,re/oration p]iod & e>ly eighte5?-c5tury lit]ature dramati/s hi/ory poets prose writ]s ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,return ( ! ,native ,review ,revolt ( ,islam ,reynolds1 ,g4,f41 quot$ ,reynolds1 ,sir ,jo%ua ,rhoda ,flem+ ,ric>do1 ,david ,ri*>d ,,ii ,ri*>d ,,iii ,ri*>dson1 ,samuel ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,r+ & ! ,book ,rivals ,rob]t ( ,brunne ,rob]tson1 ,william ,rob9 ,hood ,rob9son ,crusoe ,rob9son1 ,l5nox ,rod]ick ,r&om ,romance1 di/+ui%$ f mod]n novel ,romance ( ! ,=e/ ,romantiscism age ( appreciation ( nature hi/ory lit]>y *>act]i/ics poets prose writ]s ,romanticism1 ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,romaunt ( ! ,rose ,romeo & ,juliet ,romola ,rosalynde ,rossetti1 ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 ,dante ,gabriel ref]5ces on ,r\nd ,table ,r[ley1 ,?omas ,r[ley1 ,william ,rusk91 ,john art works ( g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,russell1 ,george ,w4 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,sackville1 ,?omas ,sa9tsbury1 ,george1 quot$ ,samson ,agoni/es ,s>tor ,res>tus ,satire1 ,addison's ,c>lyle's ,dryd5's ,field+'s ,m]$i?'s ,pope's ,swift's ,?ack]ay's ,saul ,saxon4 ,see ,anglo-,saxon4 ,sc5]y1 9 e>ly !at] ,sc5es ( ,cl]ical ,life ,s*ol>-,gypsy ,s*olema/]1 ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al ,s*ool ,mi/ress1 ,! ,s*oolm5 ,sci5ce1 age ( influ5ce on lit]ature ,scop songs ( ,scott1 ,sir ,walt] g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,seaf>]1 ,! ,seasons1 ,! ,second ,mrs4 ,tanqu]ay1 ,! ,seld51 ,john ,s5se & ,s5sibility ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney ?r\gh ,france & ,italy ,s5tim5tal ,tommy ,sesame & ,lilies ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture ,%adwell1 ,?omas ,%akespe>e1 ,william am\nt & classification ( "w connection ) ,london /age developm5t z dramati/ g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to influ5ce ( ,bible on life ( publication ( plays quot$ ref]5ces on sonnets s\rces ( plots sugge/$ read+s 9 table ( plays v>iety ( /yle ,%>p1 ,william 7,fiona ,macleod7 ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,%aw1 ,george ,b]n>d ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] ,%eehan1 ,canon1 ,p4,a4 ,%elley1 ,mrs4 ,%elley1 ,p]cy ,bys%e g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( lyrical g5ius ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> ,%]idan1 ,ri*>d ,br9sley ,%irley1 ,james ,%oemak]'s ,holiday ,%ort ,view ( ! ,immorality ( ! ,/age ,%ort]1 ,dora ,sig]son ,%or?\se1 ,joseph ,h4 ,sidney1 ,sir ,philip quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,sigurd1 ! ,volsung ,silas ,m>n] ,sil5t ,woman1 ,! ,s9clair1 ,may ,sir ,*>les ,gr&ison ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley ,pap]s ,skelt91 ,john ,skyl>k1 ,to a ,smi?1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,sydney ,smollett1 ,tobias ref]5ces on ,smollett1 sugge/$ read+s 9 ,snai?1 ,j4,c4 ,social movem5t ( n9ete5? c5tury ,sohrab & ,ru/um ,someh[ ,good ,song ( ,rol& ,songs be=e ,sunrise ,songs ( ,exp]i5ce ,songs ( ,innoc5ce ,sonnets 9 ,elizabe?an ,age introduction ( ,jonson & ,donne oppose ,keats's ,milton's ,%akespe>e's ,sidney's ,sp5s]'s ,wordswor?'s ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese ,sordello ,s\!y1 ,rob]t ,spani% ,gypsy1 ,! ,spani% ,trag$y1 ,! ,specim5s ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,poets ,spectator1 ,! ,spodd+1 ,james1 quot$ ,spee* on ,am]ican ,taxation 7,burke's7 ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica 7,burke's7 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t ,sp5s]1 ,edmund1 *ief *>act]i/ics ( poetry ( ,fa]ie ,que5e incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sonnets ( subjective poet sugge/$ read+s 9 ,/4 ,francis ,/age1 9 e>ly ,engli% !at] ,/alky & ,co4 ,/eele1 ,ri*>d sugge/$ read+s 9 ,/eph51 ,leslie quot$ ,/eph5s1 ,james ,/]ne1 ,laur5ce ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+ 9 ,/ev5son1 ,rob]t ,l\is g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,/ev5son1 ,william ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 ,! ,/ory1 %ort ,/[1 ,john ,/raf=d ,/range ,case ( ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde ,/ubbs1 ,william ,/udy ( ,celtic ,lit]ature ,suckl+1 ,sir ,john sugge/$ read+s 9 ,sugge/$ read+s ,summ>ies ,summ]'s ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t ,surrey1 ,e>l ( sonnets ( sugge/$ read+s 9 ,survey ( ,london ,sweet1 ,pr(essor1 quot$ ,swift1 ,jona?on g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,sw9burne1 ,alg]non ,*>les g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,switz]l& ,symonds1 ,john ,add+ton quot$ ,symons1 ,ar?ur sugge/$ read+s 9 ,synge1 ,john ,mill+ton ref]5ces on ,syn!tic ,philosophy ,table ,talk ,ta9e1 ,h4,a41 quot$ ,tale ( a ,tub ,tale ( ,two ,cities ,tales f ,%akespe>e ,tales ( a ,gr&fa!r ,tales ( a ,m]maid ,tav]n ,talisman ,tam o',%ant] ,tamburla9e ,task1 ,! ,tatl] ,taylor1 ,j]emy ,tempe/1 ,! ,t5 ,br9k1 quot$ ,t5nyson1 ,alfr$ g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,tess ( ! ,d',urb]ville's ,?ack]ay1 ,william ,makepeace g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,!at]1 ,elizabe?an ,?ompson1 ,frances sugge/$ read+s 9 ,?ompson1 ,james ,?omson1 ,james sugge/$ read+s 9 ,?oreau1 quot$ ,?yrnie ,"t & ,tide by ,we>e & ,tyne ,tom ,jones ,tottel's ,miscellany ,t\rneur1 ,cyril ,traitor1 ,! ,travell]1 ,! ,travels1 ,m&eville's ,travels ) a ,donkey ,treasure ,isl& ,treatise ( ,human ,nature ,trelawny1 ,edw>d ,tr5*1 ,h]b]t ,trick to ,cat* ! ,old ,"o ,tri/ram & ,iseule ,tri/ram ( ,lioness ,tri/ram ,%&y ,troilus & ,criseyde ,trollope1 ,an?ony sugge/$ read+s 94 ,twelf? ,night ,tw5tie?-c5tury lit]ature dramati/s essayi/s noveli/s poets ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y tr5d ( contempor>y lit]ature ,two ,voices1 ,! ,tyndale1 ,william sugge/$ read+s 9 ,tyndall1 ,john quot$ ,udall1 ,ni*olas ,ulysses ,und]woods ,un=tunate ,travel] ,unities1 dramatic ,univ]sity wits ,unto ?is ,la/ ,urn ,burial ,utopia ,vanbrugh1 ,john ,vanity ,fair ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es ,vaughan1 ,h5ry ,v5us & ,adonis ,v]celli ,book ,vic> ( ,wakefield ,vice1 9 old plays ,victorian age essayi/s hi/ory ( noveli/s poets ref]5ces on sci5tific writ]s %ort /ories sugge/$ read+s & que/ions summ>y ,vignettes 9 ,rhyme ,virg9ians ,vision ( ,judgem5t ,volpone ,voltaire ,vox ,clamantis ,vulg> ,errors ,wace ,wagn]1 ,ri*>d ,wallace1 ,pr(essor ,c4,w4 quot$ ,wall]1 ,edmund ,walpole1 ,horace sugge/$ read+s 9 ,walpole1 ,h]b]t ,walton1 ,izaak ,w&]]1 ,! ,w>burton1 ,william ,w>d1 ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d1 ,mrs4 ,wilfrid ,w>d1 ,wilfrid ,w>n]1 ,william ,w>r51 ,j4,b4,l4 7,"l de ,tabley7 ,w> ( ! ,roses ,w>ton1 ,?omas ,watson1 ,william sugge/$ read+s 9 ,watts1 ,isaac ,waits-,dunton1 ,!odore ,wav]ly ,way ( ! ,_w ,web/]1 ,john ,w> ( ,h]mi/on ,wells1 ,h]b]t ,george ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 ,wesley1 ,*>les ,wesley1 ,john ,we/w>d ,ho ,:at ,e ,woman ,kn[s ,:ite ,devil1 ,! ,:ite1 ,gilb]t ,:itefield1 ,george ,widecombe ,fair ,widsi ,wilde1 ,osc> ,wilson1 ,john ,w9t]'s ,tale ,wit* ( ,atlas ,)]1 ,george ,woman ,kill$ ) ,k9dness1 ,a ,woodl&]s1 ,! ,wood/ock ,wordswor?1 ,william g5]al *>act]i/ics ( incid5tal ref]5ces to life ( poet ( *ild life poet ( man poet ( nature quot$ ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+s 9 works ( ,_w1 ,! ,wotton1 ,sir ,h5ry1 quot$ ,w\nds ( ,civil ,w> ,wright ,wu!r+ ,heights ,wyatt1 ,sir ,?omas sugge/$ read+s 9 ,wy*]ley1 ,william ,wycliffe1 ,john ,yeats1 ,william ,butl] ref]5ces on sugge/$ read+ 9 ,york plays ,"y1 ,edw>d ,y\? ( ! ,ye> ,zangwill1 ,israel sugge/$ read+s 9