,,sartor ,,resartus3 ,the ,life and ,opinions of ,herr ,teufelsdrockh ,by ,thomas ,carlyle4 #ahca ,,book ,i4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,preliminary4 ,considering our present advanced state of culture1 and how the ,torch of ,science has now been brandished and borne about1 with more or less effect1 for five thousand years and upwards2 how1 in these times especially1 not only the ,torch still burns1 and perhaps more fiercely than ever1 but innumerable ,rushlights1 and ,sulphur-matches1 kindled thereat1 are also glancing in every direction1 so that not the smallest cranny or dog-hole in ,nature or ,art can remain unilluminated1--it might strike the reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or nothing of a fundamental character1 whether in the way of ,philosophy or ,history1 has been written on the subject of ,clothes4 ,our ,theory of ,gravitation is as good as perfect3 ,lagrange1 it is well known1 has proved that the ,planetary ,system1 on this scheme1 will endure forever2 ,laplace1 still more cunningly1 even guesses that it could not have been made on any other scheme4 ,whereby1 at least1 our nautical ,logbooks can be better kept2 and water-transport of all kinds has grown more commodious4 ,of ,geology and ,geognosy we know enough3 what with the labors of our ,werners and ,huttons1 what with the ardent genius of their disciples1 it has come about that now1 to many a ,royal ,society1 the ,creation of a ,world is little more mysterious than the cooking of a dumpling2 concerning which last1 indeed1 there have been minds to whom the question1 ,how the apples were got in1 presented difficulties4 ,why mention our disquisitions on the ,social ,contract1 on the ,standard of ,taste1 on the ,migrations of the ,herring8 ,then1 have we not a ,doctrine of ,rent1 a ,theory of ,value2 ,philosophies of ,language1 of ,history1 of ,pottery1 of ,apparitions1 of ,intoxicating ,liquors8 ,man's whole life and environment have been laid open and elucidated2 scarcely a fragment or fibre of his ,soul1 ,body1 and ,possessions1 but has been probed1 dissected1 distilled1 desiccated1 and scientifically decomposed3 our spiritual ,faculties1 of which it appears there are not a few1 have their ,stewarts1 ,cousins1 ,royer ,collards3 every cellular1 vascular1 muscular ,tissue glories in its ,lawrences1 ,majendies1 ,bichats4 ,how1 then1 comes it1 may the reflective mind repeat1 that the grand ,tissue of all ,tissues1 the only real ,tissue1 should have been quite overlooked by ,science1--the vestural ,tissue1 namely1 of woollen or other cloth2 which ,man's ,soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall2 wherein his whole other ,tissues are included and screened1 his whole ,faculties work1 his whole ,self lives1 moves1 and has its being8 ,for if1 now and then1 some straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's glance into this obscure region1 the most have soared over it altogether heedless2 regarding ,clothes as a property1 not an accident1 as quite natural and spontaneous1 like the leaves of trees1 like the plumage of birds4 ,in all speculations they have tacitly figured man as a ,clothed ,animal2 whereas he is by nature a ,naked ,animal2 and only in certain circumstances1 by purpose and device1 masks himself in ,clothes4 ,shakespeare says1 we are creatures that look before and after3 the more surprising that we do not look round a little1 and see what is passing under our very eyes4 ,but here1 as in so many other cases1 ,germany1 learned1 indefatigable1 deep-thinking ,germany comes to our aid4 ,it is1 after all1 a blessing that1 in these revolutionary times1 there should be one country where abstract ,thought can still take shelter2 that while the din and frenzy of ,catholic ,emancipations1 and ,rotten ,boroughs1 and ,revolts of ,paris1 deafen every ,french and every ,english ear1 the ,german can stand peaceful on his scientific watch-tower2 and1 to the raging1 struggling multitude here and elsewhere1 solemnly1 from hour to hour1 with preparatory blast of cow-horn1 emit his ,horet ihr ,herren und lasset's ,euch sagen2 in other words1 tell the ,universe1 which so often forgets that fact1 what o'clock it really is4 ,not unfrequently the ,germans have been blamed for an unprofitable diligence2 as if they struck into devious courses1 where nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey2 as if1 forsaking the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen whereby a man himself grows fat1 they were apt to run goose-hunting into regions of bilberries and crowberries1 and be swallowed up at last in remote peat-bogs4 ,of that unwise science1 which1 as our ,humorist expresses it1 ,by geometric scale ,doth take the size of pots of ale2 still more1 of that altogether misdirected industry1 which is seen vigorously thrashing mere straw1 there can nothing defensive be said4 ,in so far as the ,germans are chargeable with such1 let them take the consequence4 ,nevertheless be it remarked1 that even a ,russian steppe has tumult and gold ornaments2 also many a scene that looks desert and rock-bound from the distance1 will unfold itself1 when visited1 into rare valleys4 ,nay1 in any case1 would ,criticism erect not only finger-posts and turnpikes1 but spiked gates and impassable barriers1 for the mind of man8 ,it is written1 ,many shall run to and fro1 and knowledge shall be increased4 ,surely the plain rule is1 ,let each considerate person have his way1 and see what it will lead to4 ,for not this man and that man1 but all men make up mankind1 and their united tasks the task of mankind4 ,how often have we seen some such adventurous1 and perhaps much-censured wanderer light on some out-lying1 neglected1 yet vitally momentous province2 the hidden treasures of which he first discovered1 and kept proclaiming till the general eye and effort were directed thither1 and the conquest was completed2--thereby1 in these his seemingly so aimless rambles1 planting new standards1 founding new habitable colonies1 in the immeasurable circumambient realm of ,nothingness and ,night6 ,wise man was he who counselled that ,speculation should have free course1 and look fearlessly towards all the thirty-two points of the compass1 whithersoever and howsoever it listed4 ,perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure ,science1 especially pure moral ,science1 languishes among us ,english2 and how our mercantile greatness1 and invaluable ,constitution1 impressing a political or other immediately practical tendency on all ,english culture and endeavor1 cramps the free flight of ,thought1--that this1 not ,philosophy of ,clothes1 but recognition even that we have no such ,philosophy1 stands here for the first time published in our language4 ,what ,english intellect could have chosen such a topic1 or by chance stumbled on it8 ,but for that same unshackled1 and even sequestered condition of the ,german ,learned1 which permits and induces them to fish in all manner of waters1 with all manner of nets1 it seems probable enough1 this abtruse ,inquiry might1 in spite of the results it leads to1 have continued dormant for indefinite periods4 ,the ,editor of these sheets1 though otherwise boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative habits1 and perhaps discursive enough1 is free to confess1 that never1 till these last months1 did the above very plain considerations1 on our total want of a ,philosophy of ,clothes1 occur to him2 and then1 by quite foreign suggestion4 ,by the arrival1 namely1 of a new ,book from ,professor ,teufelsdrockh of ,weissnichtwo2 treating expressly of this subject1 and in a style which1 whether understood or not1 could not even by the blindest be overlooked4 ,in the present ,editor's way of thought1 this remarkable ,treatise1 with its ,doctrines1 whether as judicially acceded to1 or judicially denied1 has not remained without effect4 ,die ,kleider1 ihr ,werden und ,wirken 7,clothes1 their ,origin and ,influence73 von ,diog4 ,teufelsdrockh1 ,j4 ,u4 ,d4 etc4 ,stillschweigen und ,cognie4 ,weissnichtwo1 #ahca4 ,here1 says the ,weissnichtwo'sche ,anzeiger1 comes a ,volume of that extensive1 close-printed1 close-meditated sort1 which1 be it spoken with pride1 is seen only in ,germany1 perhaps only in ,weissnichtwo4 ,issuing from the hitherto irreproachable ,firm of ,stillschweigen and ,company1 with every external furtherance1 it is of such internal quality as to set ,neglect at defiance4444 ,a work1 concludes the well-nigh enthusiastic ,reviewer1 interesting alike to the antiquary1 the historian1 and the philosophic thinker2 a masterpiece of boldness1 lynx-eyed acuteness1 and rugged independent ,germanism and ,philanthropy 7derber ,kerndeutschheit und ,menschenliebe72 which will not1 assuredly1 pass current without opposition in high places2 but must and will exalt the almost new name of ,teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of ,philosophy1 in our ,german ,temple of ,honor4 ,mindful of old friendship1 the distinguished ,professor1 in this the first blaze of his fame1 which however does not dazzle him1 sends hither a ,presentation-copy of his ,book2 with compliments and encomiums which modesty forbids the present ,editor to rehearse2 yet without indicated wish or hope of any kind1 except what may be implied in the concluding phrase3 ,mochte es 7this remarkable ,treatise7 auch im ,brittischen ,boden gedeihen6 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,editorial ,,difficulties4 ,if for a speculative man1 whose seedfield1 in the sublime words of the ,poet1 is ,time1 no conquest is important but that of new ideas1 then might the arrival of ,professor ,teufelsdrockh's ,book be marked with chalk in the ,editor's calendar4 ,it is indeed an extensive ,volume1 of boundless1 almost formless contents1 a very ,sea of ,thought2 neither calm nor clear1 if you will2 yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to his utmost depth1 and return not only with sea-wreck but with true orients4 ,directly on the first perusal1 almost on the first deliberate inspection1 it became apparent that here a quite new ,branch of ,philosophy1 leading to as yet undescried ulterior results1 was disclosed2 farther1 what seemed scarcely less interesting1 a quite new human ,individuality1 an almost unexampled personal character1 that1 namely1 of ,professor ,teufelsdrockh the ,discloser4 ,of both which novelties1 as far as might be possible1 we resolved to master the significance4 ,but as man is emphatically a proselytizing creature1 no sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted1 than the new question arose3 ,how might this acquired good be imparted to others1 perhaps in equal need thereof2 how could the ,philosophy of ,clothes1 and the ,author of such ,philosophy1 be brought home1 in any measure1 to the business and bosoms of our own ,english ,nation8 ,for if new-got gold is said to burn the pockets till it be cast forth into circulation1 much more may new truth4 ,here1 however1 difficulties occurred4 ,the first thought naturally was to publish ,article after ,article on this remarkable ,volume1 in such widely circulating ,critical ,journals as the ,editor might stand connected with1 or by money or love procure access to4 ,but1 on the other hand1 was it not clear that such matter as must here be revealed1 and treated of1 might endanger the circulation of any ,journal extant8 ,if1 indeed1 all party-divisions in the ,state could have been abolished1 ,whig1 ,tory1 and ,radical1 embracing in discrepant union2 and all the ,journals of the ,nation could have been jumbled into one ,journal1 and the ,philosophy of ,clothes poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom1 the attempt had seemed possible4 ,but1 alas1 what vehicle of that sort have we1 except ,fraser's ,magazine8 ,a vehicle all strewed 7figuratively speaking7 with the maddest ,waterloo-,crackers1 exploding distractively and destructively1 wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits2 nay1 in any case1 understood to be1 of late years1 a vehicle full to overflowing1 and inexorably shut6 ,besides1 to state the ,philosophy of ,clothes without the ,philosopher1 the ideas of ,teufelsdrockh without something of his personality1 was it not to insure both of entire misapprehension8 ,now for ,biography1 had it been otherwise admissible1 there were no adequate documents1 no hope of obtaining such1 but rather1 owing to circumstances1 a special despair4 ,thus did the ,editor see himself1 for the while1 shut out from all public utterance of these extraordinary ,doctrines1 and constrained to revolve them1 not without disquietude1 in the dark depths of his own mind4 ,so had it lasted for some months2 and now the ,volume on ,clothes1 read and again read1 was in several points becoming lucid and lucent2 the personality of its ,author more and more surprising1 but1 in spite of all that memory and conjecture could do1 more and more enigmatic2 whereby the old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent1--when altogether unexpectedly arrives a ,letter from ,herr ,hofrath ,heuschrecke1 our ,professor's chief friend and associate in ,weissnichtwo1 with whom we had not previously corresponded4 ,the ,hofrath1 after much quite extraneous matter1 began dilating largely on the agitation and attention which the ,philosophy of ,clothes was exciting in its own ,german ,republic of ,letters2 on the deep significance and tendency of his ,friend's ,volume2 and then1 at length1 with great circumlocution1 hinted at the practicability of conveying some knowledge of it1 and of him1 to ,england1 and through ,england to the distant ,west3 a work on ,professor ,teufelsdrockh were undoubtedly welcome to the ,family1 the ,national1 or any other of those patriotic ,libraries1 at present the glory of ,british ,literature2 might work revolutions in ,thought2 and so forth2--in conclusion1 intimating not obscurely1 that should the present ,editor feel disposed to undertake a ,biography of ,teufelsdrockh1 he1 ,hofrath ,heuschrecke1 had it in his power to furnish the requisite ,documents4 ,as in some chemical mixture1 that has stood long evaporating1 but would not crystallize1 instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is introduced1 crystallization commences1 and rapidly proceeds till the whole is finished1 so was it with the ,editor's mind and this offer of ,heuschrecke's4 ,form rose out of void solution and discontinuity2 like united itself with like in definite arrangement3 and soon either in actual vision and possession1 or in fixed reasonable hope1 the image of the whole ,enterprise had shaped itself1 so to speak1 into a solid mass4 ,cautiously yet courageously1 through the twopenny post1 application to the famed redoubtable ,,oliver ,,yorke was now made3 an interview1 interviews with that singular man have taken place2 with more of assurance on our side1 with less of satire 7at least of open satire7 on his1 than we anticipated2 for the rest1 with such issue as is now visible4 ,as to those same patriotic ,libraries1 the ,hofrath's counsel could only be viewed with silent amazement2 but with his offer of ,documents we joyfully and almost instantaneously closed4 ,thus1 too1 in the sure expectation of these1 we already see our task begun2 and this our ,sartor ,resartus1 which is properly a ,life and ,opinions of ,herr ,teufelsdrockh1 hourly advancing4 ,of our fitness for the ,enterprise1 to which we have such title and vocation1 it were perhaps uninteresting to say more4 ,let the ,british reader study and enjoy1 in simplicity of heart1 what is here presented him1 and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he is possessed of4 ,let him strive to keep a free1 open sense2 cleared from the mists of prejudice1 above all from the paralysis of cant2 and directed rather to the ,book itself than to the ,editor of the ,book4 ,who or what such ,editor may be1 must remain conjectural1 and even insignificant3 99 it is a voice publishing tidings of the ,philosophy of ,clothes2 undoubtedly a ,spirit addressing ,spirits3 whoso hath ears1 let him hear4 99 ,with us even he still communicates in some sort of mask1 or muffler2 and1 we have reason to think1 under a feigned name6--,o4 ,y4 ,on one other point the ,editor thinks it needful to give warning3 namely1 that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to the ,institutions of our ,ancestors2 and minded to defend these1 according to ability1 at all hazards2 nay1 it was partly with a view to such defence that he engaged in this undertaking4 ,to stem1 or if that be impossible1 profitably to divert the current of ,innovation1 such a ,volume as ,teufelsdrockh's1 if cunningly planted down1 were no despicable pile1 or floodgate1 in the logical wear4 ,for the rest1 be it nowise apprehended1 that any personal connection of ours with ,teufelsdrockh1 ,heuschrecke or this ,philosophy of ,clothes1 can pervert our judgment1 or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate4 ,powerless1 we venture to promise1 are those private ,compliments themselves4 ,grateful they may well be2 as generous illusions of friendship2 as fair mementos of bygone unions1 of those nights and suppers of the gods1 when1 lapped in the symphonies and harmonies of ,philosophic ,eloquence1 though with baser accompaniments1 the present ,editor revelled in that feast of reason1 never since vouchsafed him in so full measure6 ,but what then8 ,amicus ,plato1 magis amica veritas2 ,teufelsdrockh is our friend1 ,truth is our divinity4 ,in our historical and critical capacity1 we hope we are strangers to all the world2 have feud or favor with no one1--save indeed the ,devil1 with whom1 as with the ,prince of ,lies and ,darkness1 we do at all times wage internecine war4 ,this assurance1 at an epoch when puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of mankind1 and even ,english ,editors1 like ,chinese ,shopkeepers1 must write on their door-lintels ,no cheating here1--we thought it good to premise4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,reminiscences4 ,to the ,author's private circle the appearance of this singular ,work on ,clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the rest of the world4 ,for ourselves1 at least1 few things have been more unexpected4 ,professor ,teufelsdrockh1 at the period of our acquaintance with him1 seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life3 a man devoted to the higher ,philosophies1 indeed2 yet more likely1 if he published at all1 to publish a refutation of ,hegel and ,bardili1 both of whom1 strangely enough1 he included under a common ban2 than to descend1 as he has here done1 into the angry noisy ,forum1 with an ,argument that cannot but exasperate and divide4 ,not1 that we can remember1 was the ,philosophy of ,clothes once touched upon between us4 ,if through the high1 silent1 meditative ,transcendentalism of our ,friend we detected any practical tendency whatever1 it was at most ,political1 and towards a certain prospective1 and for the present quite speculative1 ,radicalism2 as indeed some correspondence1 on his part1 with ,herr ,oken of ,jena was now and then suspected2 though his special contributions to the ,isis could never be more than surmised at4 ,but1 at all events1 nothing ,moral1 still less anything ,didactico-,religious1 was looked for from him4 ,well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing2 which indeed1 with the ,night they were uttered in1 are to be forever remembered4 ,lifting his huge tumbler of ,gukguk1 99 and for a moment lowering his tobacco-pipe1 he stood up in full ,coffee-house 7it was ,zur ,grunen ,gans1 the largest in ,weissnichtwo1 where all the ,virtuosity1 and nearly all the ,intellect of the place assembled of an evening72 and there1 with low1 soul-stirring tone1 and the look truly of an angel1 though whether of a white or of a black one might be dubious1 proposed this toast3 ,die ,sache der ,armen in ,gottes und ,teufels ,namen 7,the ,cause of the ,poor1 in ,heaven's name and--'s76 ,one full shout1 breaking the leaden silence2 then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers1 again followed by universal cheering1 returned him loud acclaim4 ,it was the finale of the night3 resuming their pipes2 in the highest enthusiasm1 amid volumes of tobacco-smoke2 triumphant1 cloud-capt without and within1 the assembly broke up1 each to his thoughtful pillow4 ,bleibt doch ein echter ,spass- und ,galgen-vogel1 said several2 meaning thereby that1 one day1 he would probably be hanged for his democratic sentiments4 ,wo steckt doch der ,schalk8 added they1 looking round3 but ,teufelsdrockh had retired by private alleys1 and the ,compiler of these pages beheld him no more4 99 ,gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer4 ,in such scenes has it been our lot to live with this ,philosopher1 such estimate to form of his purposes and powers4 ,and yet1 thou brave ,teufelsdrockh1 who could tell what lurked in thee8 ,under those thick locks of thine1 so long and lank1 overlapping roof-wise the gravest face we ever in this world saw1 there dwelt a most busy brain4 ,in thy eyes too1 deep under their shaggy brows1 and looking out so still and dreamy1 have we not noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire1 and half fancied that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion1 the sleep of a spinning-top8 ,thy little figure1 there as1 in loose ill-brushed threadbare habiliments1 thou sattest1 amid litter and lumber1 whole days1 to think and smoke tobacco1 held in it a mighty heart4 ,the secrets of man's ,life were laid open to thee2 thou sawest into the mystery of the ,universe1 farther than another2 thou hadst in petto thy remarkable ,volume on ,clothes4 ,nay1 was there not in that clear logically founded ,transcendentalism of thine2 still more1 in thy meek1 silent1 deep-seated ,sansculottism1 combined with a true princely ,courtesy of inward nature1 the visible rudiments of such speculation8 ,but great men are too often unknown1 or what is worse1 misknown4 ,already1 when we dreamed not of it1 the warp of thy remarkable ,volume lay on the loom2 and silently1 mysterious shuttles were putting in the woof4 ,how the ,hofrath ,heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data1 in this case1 may be a curious question2 the answer of which1 however1 is happily not our concern1 but his4 ,to us it appeared1 after repeated trial1 that in ,weissnichtwo1 from the archives or memories of the best-informed classes1 no ,biography of ,teufelsdrockh was to be gathered2 not so much as a false one4 ,he was a stranger there1 wafted thither by what is called the course of circumstances2 concerning whose parentage1 birthplace1 prospects1 or pursuits1 curiosity had indeed made inquiries1 but satisfied herself with the most indistinct replies4 ,for himself1 he was a man so still and altogether unparticipating1 that to question him even afar off on such particulars was a thing of more than usual delicacy3 besides1 in his sly way1 he had ever some quaint turn1 not without its satirical edge1 wherewith to divert such intrusions1 and deter you from the like4 ,wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of ,melchizedek1 without father or mother of any kind2 sometimes1 with reference to his great historic and statistic knowledge1 and the vivid way he had of expressing himself like an eye-witness of distant transactions and scenes1 they called him the ,ewige ,jude1 ,everlasting1 or as we say1 ,wandering ,jew4 ,to the most1 indeed1 he had become not so much a ,man as a ,thing2 which ,thing doubtless they were accustomed to see1 and with satisfaction2 but no more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their daily ,allgemeine ,zeitung1 or the domestic habits of the ,sun4 ,both were there and welcome2 the world enjoyed what good was in them1 and thought no more of the matter4 ,the man ,teufelsdrockh passed and repassed1 in his little circle1 as one of those originals and nondescripts1 more frequent in ,german ,universities than elsewhere2 of whom1 though you see them alive1 and feel certain enough that they must have a ,history1 no ,history seems to be discoverable2 or only such as men give of mountain rocks and antediluvian ruins3 ,that they have been created by unknown agencies1 are in a state of gradual decay1 and for the present reflect light and resist pressure2 that is1 are visible and tangible objects in this phantasm world1 where so much other mystery is4 ,it was to be remarked that though1 by title and diploma1 ,professor der ,allerley-,wissenschaft1 or as we should say in ,english1 ,professor of ,things in ,general1 he had never delivered any ,course2 perhaps never been incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition4 ,to all appearance1 the enlightened ,government of ,weissnichtwo1 in founding their ,new ,university1 imagined they had done enough1 if in times like ours1 as the half-official ,program expressed it1 when all things are1 rapidly or slowly1 resolving themselves into ,chaos1 a ,professorship of this kind had been established2 whereby1 as occasion called1 the task of bodying somewhat forth again from such ,chaos might be1 even slightly1 facilitated4 ,that actual ,lectures should be held1 and ,public ,classes for the ,science of ,things in ,general1 they doubtless considered premature2 on which ground too they had only established the ,professorship1 nowise endowed it2 so that ,teufelsdrockh1 recommended by the highest ,names1 had been promoted thereby to a ,name merely4 ,great1 among the more enlightened classes1 was the admiration of this new ,professorship3 how an enlightened ,government had seen into the ,want of the ,age 7,zeitbedurfniss72 how at length1 instead of ,denial and ,destruction1 we were to have a science of ,affirmation and ,reconstruction2 and ,germany and ,weissnichtwo were where they should be1 in the vanguard of the world4 ,considerable also was the wonder at the new ,professor1 dropt opportunely enough into the nascent ,university2 so able to lecture1 should occasion call2 so ready to hold his peace for indefinite periods1 should an enlightened ,government consider that occasion did not call4 ,but such admiration and such wonder1 being followed by no act to keep them living1 could last only nine days2 and1 long before our visit to that scene1 had quite died away4 ,the more cunning heads thought it was all an expiring clutch at popularity1 on the part of a ,minister1 whom domestic embarrassments1 court intrigues1 old age1 and dropsy soon afterwards finally drove from the helm4 ,as for ,teufelsdrockh1 except by his nightly appearances at the ,grune ,gans1 ,weissnichtwo saw little of him1 felt little of him4 ,here1 over his tumbler of ,gukguk1 he sat reading ,journals2 sometimes contemplatively looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe1 without other visible employment3 always1 from his mild ways1 an agreeable phenomenon there2 more especially when he opened his lips for speech2 on which occasions the whole ,coffee-house would hush itself into silence1 as if sure to hear something noteworthy4 ,nay1 perhaps to hear a whole series and river of the most memorable utterances2 such as1 when once thawed1 he would for hours indulge in1 with fit audience3 and the more memorable1 as issuing from a head apparently not more interested in them1 not more conscious of them1 than is the sculptured stone head of some public fountain1 which through its brass mouth-tube emits water to the worthy and the unworthy2 careless whether it be for cooking victuals or quenching conflagrations2 indeed1 maintains the same earnest assiduous look1 whether any water be flowing or not4 ,to the ,editor of these sheets1 as to a young enthusiastic ,englishman1 however unworthy1 ,teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the most4 ,pity only that we could not then half guess his importance1 and scrutinize him with due power of vision6 ,we enjoyed1 what not three men ,weissnichtwo could boast of1 a certain degree of access to the ,professor's private domicile4 ,it was the attic floor of the highest house in the ,wahngasse2 and might truly be called the pinnacle of ,weissnichtwo1 for it rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs1 themselves rising from elevated ground4 ,moreover1 with its windows it looked towards all the four ,orte or as the ,scotch say1 and we ought to say1 ,airts3 the sitting room itself commanded three2 another came to view in the ,schlafgemach 7bedroom7 at the opposite end2 to say nothing of the kitchen1 which offered two1 as it were1 duplicates1 showing nothing new4 ,so that it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of ,teufelsdrockh2 wherefrom1 sitting at ease he might see the whole life-circulation of that considerable ,city2 the streets and lanes of which1 with all their doing and driving 7,thun und ,treiben71 were for the most part visible there4 ,i look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive1 we have heard him say1 and witness their wax-laying and honey-making1 and poison-brewing1 and choking by sulphur4 ,from the ,palace esplanade1 where music plays while ,serene ,highness is pleased to eat his victuals1 down to the low lane1 where in her door-sill the aged widow1 knitting for a thin livelihood sits to feel the afternoon sun1 ,i see it all2 for1 except ,schlosskirche weather-cock1 no biped stands so high4 ,couriers arrive bestrapped and bebooted1 bearing ,joy and ,sorrow bagged up in pouches of leather3 there1 top-laden1 and with four swift horses1 rolls in the country ,baron and his household2 here1 on timber-leg1 the lamed ,soldier hops painfully along1 begging alms3 a thousand carriages1 and wains1 cars1 come tumbling in with ,food1 with young ,rusticity1 and other ,raw ,produce1 inanimate or animate1 and go tumbling out again with produce manufactured4 ,that living flood1 pouring through these streets1 of all qualities and ages1 knowest thou whence it is coming1 whither it is going8 ,aus der ,ewigkeit1 zu der ,ewigkeit hin3 ,from ,eternity1 onwards to ,eternity6 ,these are ,apparitions3 what else8 ,are they not ,souls rendered visible3 in ,bodies1 that took shape and will lose it1 melting into air8 ,their solid ,pavement is a ,picture of the ,sense2 they walk on the bosom of ,nothing1 blank ,time is behind them and before them4 ,or fanciest thou1 the red and yellow ,clothes-screen yonder1 with spurs on its heels and feather in its crown1 is but of ,to-day1 without a ,yesterday or a ,to-morrow2 and had not rather its ,ancestor alive when ,hengst and ,horsa overran thy ,island8 ,friend1 thou seest here a living link in that ,tissue of ,history1 which inweaves all ,being3 watch well1 or it will be past thee1 and seen no more4 ,ach1 mein ,lieber6 said he once1 at midnight1 when we had returned from the ,coffee-house in rather earnest talk1 it is a true sublimity to dwell here4 ,these fringes of lamplight1 struggling up through smoke and thousand-fold exhalation1 some fathoms into the ancient reign of ,night1 what thinks ,bootes of them1 as he leads his ,hunting-,dogs over the ,zenith in their leash of sidereal fire8 ,that stifled hum of ,midnight1 when ,traffic has lain down to rest2 and the chariot-wheels of ,vanity1 still rolling here and there through distant streets1 are bearing her to ,halls roofed in1 and lighted to the due pitch for her2 and only ,vice and ,misery1 to prowl or to moan like nightbirds1 are abroad3 that hum1 ,i say1 like the stertorous1 unquiet slumber of sick ,life1 is heard in ,heaven6 ,oh1 under that hideous coverlet of vapors1 and putrefactions1 and unimaginable gases1 what a ,fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid6 ,the joyful and the sorrowful are there2 men are dying there1 men are being born2 men are praying1--on the other side of a brick partition1 men are cursing2 and around them all is the vast1 void ,night4 ,the proud ,grandee still lingers in his perfumed saloons1 or reposes within damask curtains2 ,wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds1 or shivers hunger-stricken into its lair of straw3 in obscure cellars1 ,rouge-et-,noir languidly emits its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry ,villains2 while ,councillors of ,state sit plotting1 and playing their high chess-game1 whereof the pawns are ,men4 ,the ,lover whispers his mistress that the coach is ready2 and she1 full of hope and fear1 glides down1 to fly with him over the borders3 the ,thief1 still more silently1 sets to his picklocks and crowbars1 or lurks in wait till the watchmen first snore in their boxes4 ,gay mansions1 with supper-rooms and dancing-rooms1 are full of light and music and high-swelling hearts2 but1 in the ,condemned ,cells1 the pulse of life beats tremulous and faint1 and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness1 which is around and within1 for the light of a stern last morning4 ,six men are to be hanged on the morrow3 comes no hammering from the ,rabenstein8--their gallows must even now be o' building4 ,upwards of five hundred thousand two-legged animals without feathers lie round us1 in horizontal position2 their heads all in nightcaps1 and full of the foolishest dreams4 ,riot cries aloud1 and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of shame2 and the ,mother1 with streaming hair1 kneels over her pallid dying infant1 whose cracked lips only her tears now moisten4--,all these heaped and huddled together1 with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry between them2--crammed in1 like salted fish in their barrel2--or weltering1 shall ,i say1 like an ,egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers1 each struggling to get its head above the others3 such work goes on under that smoke-counterpane6--,but ,i1 mein ,werther1 sit above it all2 ,i am alone with the stars4 ,we looked in his face to see whether1 in the utterance of such extraordinary ,night-thoughts1 no feeling might be traced there2 but with the light we had1 which indeed was only a single tallow-light1 and far enough from the window1 nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was visible4 ,these were the ,professor's talking seasons3 most commonly he spoke in mere monosyllables1 or sat altogether silent and smoked2 while the visitor had liberty either to say what he listed1 receiving for answer an occasional grunt2 or to look round for a space1 and then take himself away4 ,it was a strange apartment2 full of books and tattered papers1 and miscellaneous shreds of all conceivable substances1 united in a common element of dust4 ,books lay on tables1 and below tables2 here fluttered a sheet of manuscript1 there a torn handkerchief1 or nightcap hastily thrown aside2 ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts1 coffee-pots1 tobacco-boxes1 ,periodical ,literature1 and ,blucher ,boots4 ,old ,lieschen 7,lisekin1 ',liza71 who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter1 his washer and wringer1 cook1 errand-maid1 and general lion's-provider1 and for the rest a very orderly creature1 had no sovereign authority in this last citadel of ,teufelsdrockh2 only some once in the month she half-forcibly made her way thither1 with broom and duster1 and 7,teufelsdrockh hastily saving his manuscripts7 effected a partial clearance1 a jail-delivery of such lumber as was not ,literary4 ,these were her ,erdbeben 7earthquakes71 which ,teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence2 nevertheless1 to such length he had been forced to comply4 ,glad would he have been to sit here philosophizing forever1 or till the litter1 by accumulation1 drove him out of doors3 but ,lieschen was his right-arm1 and spoon1 and necessary of life1 and would not be flatly gainsayed4 ,we can still remember the ancient woman2 so silent that some thought her dumb2 deaf also you would often have supposed her2 for ,teufelsdrockh1 and ,teufelsdrockh only1 would she serve or give heed to2 and with him she seemed to communicate chiefly by signs2 if it were not rather by some secret divination that she guessed all his wants1 and supplied them4 ,assiduous old dame6 she scoured1 and sorted1 and swept1 in her kitchen1 with the least possible violence to the ear2 yet all was tight and right there3 hot and black came the coffee ever at the due moment2 and the speechless ,lieschen herself looked out on you1 from under her clean white coif with its lappets1 through her clean withered face and wrinkles1 with a look of helpful intelligence1 almost of benevolence4 ,few strangers1 as above hinted1 had admittance hither3 the only one we ever saw there1 ourselves excepted1 was the ,hofrath ,heuschrecke1 already known1 by name and expectation1 to the readers of these pages4 ,to us1 at that period1 ,herr ,heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed1 crane-necked1 clean-brushed1 pacific individuals1 perhaps sufficiently distinguished in society by this fact1 that1 in dry weather or in wet1 they never appear without their umbrella4 ,had we not known with what little wisdom the world is governed2 and how1 in ,germany as elsewhere1 the ninety-and-nine ,public ,men can for most part be but mute train-bearers to the hundredth1 perhaps but stalking-horses and willing or unwilling dupes1--it might have seemed wonderful how ,herr ,heuschrecke should be named a ,rath1 or ,councillor1 and ,counsellor1 even in ,weissnichtwo4 ,what counsel to any man1 or to any woman1 could this particular ,hofrath give2 in whose loose1 zigzag figure2 in whose thin visage1 as it went jerking to and fro1 in minute incessant fluctuation1--you traced rather confusion worse confounded2 at most1 ,timidity and physical ,cold8 ,some indeed said withal1 he was the very ,spirit of ,love embodied3 blue earnest eyes1 full of sadness and kindness2 purse ever open1 and so forth2 the whole of which1 we shall now hope1 for many reasons1 was not quite groundless4 ,nevertheless friend ,teufelsdrockh's outline1 who indeed handled the burin like few in these cases1 was probably the best3 ,er hat ,gemuth und ,geist1 hat wenigstens gehabt1 doch ohne ,organ1 ohne ,schicksals-,gunst2 ist gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet1 halb-erstarrt1 ,he has heart and talent1 at least has had such1 yet without fit mode of utterance1 or favor of ,fortune2 and so is now half-cracked1 half-congealed4--,what the ,hofrath shall think of this when he sees it1 readers may wonder2 we1 safe in the stronghold of ,historical ,fidelity1 are careless4 ,the main point1 doubtless1 for us all1 is his love of ,teufelsdrockh1 which indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of ,heuschrecke himself4 ,we are enabled to assert that he hung on the ,professor with the fondness of a ,boswell for his ,johnson4 ,and perhaps with the like return2 for ,teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard1 as some half-rational or altogether irrational friend1 and at best loved him out of gratitude and by habit4 ,on the other hand1 it was curious to observe with what reverent kindness1 and a sort of fatherly protection1 our ,hofrath1 being the elder1 richer1 and as he fondly imagined far more practically influential of the two1 looked and tended on his little ,sage1 whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle4 ,let but ,teufelsdrockh open his mouth1 ,heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a free doorway1 besides his being all eye and all ear1 so that nothing might be lost3 and then1 at every pause in the harangue1 he gurgled out his pursy chuckle of a cough-laugh 7for the machinery of laughter took some time to get in motion1 and seemed crank and slack71 or else his twanging nasal1 ,bravo6 ,das glaub' ich2 in either case1 by way of heartiest approval4 ,in short1 if ,teufelsdrockh was ,dalai-,lama1 of which1 except perhaps in his self-seclusion1 and godlike indifference1 there was no symptom1 then might ,heuschrecke pass for his chief ,talapoin1 to whom no dough-pill he could knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred4 ,in such environment1 social1 domestic1 physical1 did ,teufelsdrockh1 at the time of our acquaintance1 and most likely does he still1 live and meditate4 ,here1 perched up in his high ,wahngasse watch-tower1 and often1 in solitude1 outwatching the ,bear1 it was that the indomitable ,inquirer fought all his battles with ,dulness and ,darkness2 here1 in all probability1 that he wrote this surprising ,volume on ,clothes4 ,additional particulars3 of his age1 which was of that standing middle sort you could only guess at2 of his wide surtout2 the color of his trousers1 fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat1 and so forth1 we might report1 but do not4 ,the ,wisest truly is1 in these times1 the ,greatest2 so that an enlightened curiosity leaving ,kings and such like to rest very much on their own basis1 turns more and more to the ,philosophic ,class3 nevertheless1 what reader expects that1 with all our writing and reporting1 ,teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him1 till once the ,documents arrive8 ,his ,life1 ,fortunes1 and ,bodily ,presence1 are as yet hidden from us1 or matter only of faint conjecture4 ,but1 on the other hand1 does not his ,soul lie enclosed in this remarkable ,volume1 much more truly than ,pedro ,garcia's did in the buried ,bag of ,doubloons8 ,to the soul of ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh1 to his opinions1 namely1 on the ,origin and ,influence of ,clothes1 we for the present gladly return4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,characteristics4 ,it were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this ,work on ,clothes entirely contents us2 that it is not1 like all works of genius1 like the very ,sun1 which1 though the highest published creation1 or work of genius1 has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid its effulgence1--a mixture of insight1 inspiration1 with dulness1 double-vision1 and even utter blindness4 ,without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and prophesyings of the ,weissnichtwo'sche ,anzeiger1 we admitted that the ,book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity1 which is the best effect of any book2 that it had even operated changes in our way of thought2 nay1 that it promised to prove1 as it were1 the opening of a new mine-shaft1 wherein the whole world of ,speculation might henceforth dig to unknown depths4 ,more specially may it now be declared that ,professor ,teufelsdrockh's acquirements1 patience of research1 philosophic and even poetic vigor1 are here made indisputably manifest2 and unhappily no less his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold ineptitude2 that1 on the whole1 as in opening new mine-shafts is not unreasonable1 there is much rubbish in his ,book1 though likewise specimens of almost invaluable ore4 ,a paramount popularity in ,england we cannot promise him4 ,apart from the choice of such a topic as ,clothes1 too often the manner of treating it betokens in the ,author a rusticity and academic seclusion1 unblamable1 indeed inevitable in a ,german1 but fatal to his success with our public4 ,of good society ,teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little1 or has mostly forgotten what he saw4 ,he speaks out with a strange plainness2 calls many things by their mere dictionary names4 ,to him the ,upholsterer is no ,pontiff1 neither is any ,drawing-room a ,temple1 were it never so begilt and overhung3 a whole immensity of ,brussels carpets1 and pier-glasses1 and ormolu1 as he himself expresses it1 cannot hide from me that such ,drawing-room is simply a section of ,infinite ,space1 where so many ,god-created ,souls do for the time meet together4 ,to ,teufelsdrockh the highest ,duchess is respectable1 is venerable2 but nowise for her pearl bracelets and ,malines laces3 in his eyes1 the star of a ,lord is little less and little more than the broad button of ,birmingham spelter in a ,clown's smock2 each is an implement1 he says1 in its kind2 a tag for hooking-together2 and1 for the rest1 was dug from the earth1 and hammered on a stithy before smith's fingers4 ,thus does the ,professor look in men's faces with a strange impartiality1 a strange scientific freedom2 like a man unversed in the higher circles1 like a man dropped thither from the ,moon4 ,rightly considered1 it is in this peculiarity1 running through his whole system of thought1 that all these shortcomings1 over-shootings1 and multiform perversities1 take rise3 if indeed they have not a second source1 also natural enough1 in his ,transcendental ,philosophies1 and humor of looking at all ,matter and ,material things as ,spirit2 whereby truly his case were but the more hopeless1 the more lamentable4 ,to the ,thinkers of this nation1 however1 of which class it is firmly believed there are individuals yet extant1 we can safely recommend the ,work3 nay1 who knows but among the fashionable ranks too1 if it be true1 as ,teufelsdrockh maintains1 that within the most starched cravat there passes a windpipe and weasand1 and under the thickliest embroidered waistcoat beats a heart1--the force of that rapt earnestness may be felt1 and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through8 ,in our wild ,seer1 shaggy1 unkempt1 like a ,baptist living on locusts and wild honey1 there is an untutored energy1 a silent1 as it were unconscious1 strength1 which1 except in the higher walks of ,literature1 must be rare4 ,many a deep glance1 and often with unspeakable precision1 has he cast into mysterious ,nature1 and the still more mysterious ,life of ,man4 ,wonderful it is with what cutting words1 now and then1 he severs asunder the confusion2 sheers down1 were it furlongs deep2 into the true centre of the matter2 and there not only hits the nail on the head1 but with crushing force smites it home1 and buries it4--,on the other hand1 let us be free to admit1 he is the most unequal writer breathing4 ,often after some such feat1 he will play truant for long pages1 and go dawdling and dreaming1 and mumbling and maundering the merest commonplaces1 as if he were asleep with eyes open1 which indeed he is4 ,of his boundless ,learning1 and how all reading and literature in most known tongues1 from ,sanchoniathon to ,dr4 ,lingard1 from your ,oriental ,shasters1 and ,talmuds1 and ,korans1 with ,cassini's ,siamese fables1 and ,laplace's ,mecanique ,celeste1 down to ,robinson ,crusoe and the ,belfast ,town and ,country ,almanack1 are familiar to him1--we shall say nothing3 for unexampled as it is with us1 to the ,germans such universality of study passes without wonder1 as a thing commendable1 indeed1 but natural1 indispensable1 and there of course4 ,a man that devotes his life to learning1 shall he not be learned8 ,in respect of style our ,author manifests the same genial capability1 marred too often by the same rudeness1 inequality1 and apparent want of intercourse with the higher classes4 ,occasionally1 as above hinted1 we find consummate vigor1 a true inspiration2 his burning thoughts step forth in fit burning words1 like so many full-formed ,minervas1 issuing amid flame and splendor from ,jove's head2 a rich1 idiomatic diction1 picturesque allusions1 fiery poetic emphasis1 or quaint tricksy turns2 all the graces and terrors of a wild ,imagination1 wedded to the clearest ,intellect1 alternate in beautiful vicissitude4 ,were it not that sheer sleeping and soporific passages2 circumlocutions1 repetitions1 touches even of pure doting jargon1 so often intervene6 ,on the whole1 ,professor ,teufelsdrockh1 is not a cultivated writer4 ,of his sentences perhaps not more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs2 the remainder are in quite angular attitudes1 buttressed up by props 7of parentheses and dashes71 and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them2 a few even sprawl out helplessly on all sides1 quite broken-backed and dismembered4 ,nevertheless1 in almost his very worst moods1 there lies in him a singular attraction4 ,a wild tone pervades the whole utterance of the man1 like its keynote and regulator2 now screwing itself aloft as into the ,song of ,spirits1 or else the shrill mockery of ,fiends2 now sinking in cadences1 not without melodious heartiness1 though sometimes abrupt enough1 into the common pitch1 when we hear it only as a monotonous hum2 of which hum the true character is extremely difficult to fix4 ,up to this hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether it is a tone and hum of real ,humor1 which we reckon among the very highest qualities of genius1 or some echo of mere ,insanity and ,inanity1 which doubtless ranks below the very lowest4 ,under a like difficulty1 in spite even of our personal intercourse1 do we still lie with regard to the ,professor's moral feeling4 ,gleams of an ethereal love burst forth from him1 soft wailings of infinite pity2 he could clasp the whole ,universe into his bosom1 and keep it warm2 it seems as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph4 ,then again he is so sly and still1 so imperturbably saturnine2 shows such indifference1 malign coolness towards all that men strive after2 and ever with some half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor1 if indeed it be not mere stolid callousness1--that you look on him almost with a shudder1 as on some incarnate ,mephistopheles1 to whom this great terrestrial and celestial ,round1 after all1 were but some huge foolish ,whirligig1 where kings and beggars1 and angels and demons1 and stars and street-sweepings1 were chaotically whirled1 in which only children could take interest4 ,his look1 as we mentioned1 is probably the gravest ever seen3 yet it is not of that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among our own ,chancery suitors2 but rather the gravity as of some silent1 high-encircled mountain-pool1 perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano2 into whose black deeps you fear to gaze3 those eyes1 those lights that sparkle in it1 may indeed be reflexes of the heavenly ,stars1 but perhaps also glances from the region of ,nether ,fire4 ,certainly a most involved1 self-secluded1 altogether enigmatic nature1 this of ,teufelsdrockh6 ,here1 however1 we gladly recall to mind that once we saw him laugh2 once only1 perhaps it was the first and last time in his life2 but then such a peal of laughter1 enough to have awakened the ,seven ,sleepers6 ,it was of ,jean ,paul's doing3 some single billow in that vast ,world-,mahlstrom of ,humor1 with its heaven-kissing coruscations1 which is now1 alas1 all congealed in the frost of death6 ,the large-bodied ,poet and the small1 both large enough in soul1 sat talking miscellaneously together1 the present ,editor being privileged to listen2 and now ,paul1 in his serious way1 was giving one of those inimitable ,extra-,harangues2 and1 as it chanced1 ,on the ,proposal for a ,cast-metal ,king3 gradually a light kindled in our ,professor's eyes and face1 a beaming1 mantling1 loveliest light2 through those murky features1 a radiant ever-young ,apollo looked2 and he burst forth like the neighing of all ,tattersall's1--tears streaming down his cheeks1 pipe held aloft1 foot clutched into the air1--loud1 long-continuing1 uncontrollable2 a laugh not of the face and diaphragm only1 but of the whole man from head to heel4 ,the present ,editor1 who laughed indeed1 yet with measure1 began to fear all was not right3 however1 ,teufelsdrockh1 composed himself1 and sank into his old stillness2 on his inscrutable countenance there was1 if anything1 a slight look of shame2 and ,richter himself could not rouse him again4 ,readers who have any tincture of ,psychology know how much is to be inferred from this2 and that no man who has once heartily and wholly laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad4 ,how much lies in ,laughter3 the cipher-key1 wherewith we decipher the whole man6 ,some men wear an everlasting barren simper2 in the smile of others lies a cold glitter as of ice3 the fewest are able to laugh1 what can be called laughing1 but only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat outwards2 or at best1 produce some whiffling husky cachinnation1 as if they were laughing through wool3 of none such comes good4 ,the man who cannot laugh is not only fit for treasons1 stratagems1 and spoils2 but his whole life is already a treason and a stratagem4 ,considered as an ,author1 ,herr ,teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable fault1 doubtless his worst3 an almost total want of arrangement4 ,in this remarkable ,volume1 it is true1 his adherence to the mere course of ,time produces1 through the ,narrative portions1 a certain show of outward method2 but of true logical method and sequence there is too little4 ,apart from its multifarious sections and subdivisions1 the ,work naturally falls into two ,parts2 a ,historical-,descriptive1 and a ,philosophical-,speculative3 but falls1 unhappily1 by no firm line of demarcation2 in that labyrinthic combination1 each ,part overlaps1 and indents1 and indeed runs quite through the other4 ,many sections are of a debatable rubric1 or even quite nondescript and unnamable2 whereby the ,book not only loses in accessibility1 but too often distresses us like some mad banquet1 wherein all courses had been confounded1 and fish and flesh1 soup and solid1 oyster-sauce1 lettuces1 ,rhine-wine and ,french mustard1 were hurled into one huge tureen or trough1 and the hungry ,public invited to help itself4 ,to bring what order we can out of this ,chaos shall be part of our endeavor4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,the ,,world ,,in ,,clothes4 ,as ,montesquieu wrote a ,spirit of ,laws1 observes our ,professor1 so could ,i write a ,spirit of ,clothes2 thus1 with an ,esprit des ,lois1 properly an ,esprit de ,coutumes1 we should have an ,esprit de ,costumes4 ,for neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man proceed by mere ,accident1 but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious operations of the mind4 ,in all his ,modes1 and habilatory endeavors1 an ,architectural ,idea will be found lurking2 his ,body and the ,cloth are the site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice1 of a ,person1 is to be built4 ,whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles1 based on light sandals2 tower up in high headgear1 from amid peaks1 spangles and bell-girdles2 swell out in starched ruffs1 buckram stuffings1 and monstrous tuberosities2 or girth himself into separate sections1 and front the world an ,agglomeration of four limbs1--will depend on the nature of such ,architectural ,idea3 whether ,grecian1 ,gothic1 ,later ,gothic1 or altogether ,modern1 and ,parisian or ,anglo-,dandiacal4 ,again1 what meaning lies in ,color6 ,from the soberest drab to the high-flaming scarlet1 spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold themselves in choice of ,color3 if the ,cut betoken ,intellect and ,talent1 so does the ,color betoken ,temper and ,heart4 ,in all which1 among nations as among individuals1 there is an incessant1 indubitable1 though infinitely complex working of ,cause and ,effect3 every snip of the ,scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active ,influences1 which doubtless to ,intelligences of a superior order are neither invisible nor illegible4 ,for such superior ,intelligences a ,cause-and-,effect ,philosophy of ,clothes1 as of ,laws1 were probably a comfortable winter-evening entertainment3 nevertheless1 for inferior ,intelligences1 like men1 such ,philosophies have always seemed to me uninstructive enough4 ,nay1 what is your ,montesquieu himself but a clever infant spelling ,letters from a hieroglyphical prophetic ,book1 the lexicon of which lies in ,eternity1 in ,heaven8--,let any ,cause-and-,effect ,philosopher explain1 not why ,i wear such and such a ,garment1 obey such and such a ,law2 but even why ,i am here1 to wear and obey anything6--,much1 therefore1 if not the whole1 of that same ,spirit of ,clothes ,i shall suppress1 as hypothetical1 ineffectual1 and even impertinent3 naked ,facts1 and ,deductions drawn therefrom in quite another than that omniscient style1 are my humbler and proper province4 ,acting on which prudent restriction1 ,teufelsdrockh1 has nevertheless contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field2 at least1 the boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon4 ,selection being indispensable1 we shall here glance over his ,first ,part only in the most cursory manner4 ,this ,first ,part is1 no doubt1 distinguished by omnivorous learning1 and utmost patience and fairness3 at the same time1 in its results and delineations1 it is much more likely to interest the ,compilers of some ,library of ,general1 ,entertaining1 ,useful1 or even ,useless ,knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages4 ,was it this ,part of the ,book which ,heuschrecke had in view1 when he recommended us to that joint-stock vehicle of publication1 at present the glory of ,british ,literature8 ,if so1 the ,library ,editors are welcome to dig in it for their own behoof4 ,to the ,first ,chapter1 which turns on ,paradise and ,fig-leaves1 and leads us into interminable disquisitions of a mythological1 metaphorical1 cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast1 we shall content ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval4 ,still less have we to do with ,lilis1 ,adam's first wife1 whom1 according to the ,talmudists1 he had before ,eve1 and who bore him1 in that wedlock1 the whole progeny of aerial1 aquatic1 and terrestrial ,devils1--very needlessly1 we think4 ,on this portion of the ,work1 with its profound glances into the ,adam-,kadmon1 or ,primeval ,element1 here strangely brought into relation with the ,nifl and ,muspel 7,darkness and ,light7 of the antique ,north1 it may be enough to say1 that its correctness of deduction1 and depth of ,talmudic and ,rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst ,hebraist in ,britain with something like astonishment4 ,but1 quitting this twilight region1 ,teufelsdrockh hastens from the ,tower of ,babel1 to follow the dispersion of ,mankind over the whole habitable and habilable globe4 ,walking by the light of ,oriental1 ,pelasgic1 ,scandinavian1 ,egyptian1 ,otaheitean1 ,ancient and ,modern researches of every conceivable kind1 he strives to give us in compressed shape 7as the ,nurnbergers give an ,orbis ,pictus7 an ,orbis ,vestitus2 or view of the costumes of all mankind1 in all countries1 in all times4 ,it is here that to the ,antiquarian1 to the ,historian1 we can triumphantly say3 ,fall to6 ,here is learning3 an irregular ,treasury1 if you will2 but inexhaustible as the ,hoard of ,king ,nibelung1 which twelve wagons in twelve days1 at the rate of three journeys a day1 could not carry off4 ,sheepskin cloaks and wampum belts2 phylacteries1 stoles1 albs2 chlamydes1 togas1 ,chinese silks1 ,afghaun shawls1 trunk-hose1 leather breeches1 ,celtic hilibegs 7though breeches1 as the name ,gallia ,braccata indicates1 are the more ancient71 ,hussar cloaks1 ,vandyke tippets1 ruffs1 fardingales1 are brought vividly before us1--even the ,kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten4 ,for most part1 too1 we must admit that the ,learning1 heterogeneous as it is1 and tumbled down quite pell-mell1 is true concentrated and purified ,learning1 the drossy parts smelted out and thrown aside4 ,philosophical reflections intervene1 and sometimes touching pictures of human life4 ,of this sort the following has surprised us4 ,the first purpose of ,clothes1 as our ,professor imagines1 was not warmth or decency1 but ornament4 ,miserable indeed1 says he1 was the condition of the ,aboriginal ,savage1 glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair1 which with the beard reached down to his loins1 and hung round him like a matted cloak2 the rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell4 ,he loitered in the sunny glades of the forest1 living on wild-fruits2 or1 as the ancient ,caledonian1 squatted himself in morasses1 lurking for his bestial or human prey2 without implements1 without arms1 save the ball of heavy ,flint1 to which1 that his sole possession and defence might not be lost1 he had attached a long cord of plaited thongs2 thereby recovering as well as hurling it with deadly unerring skill4 ,nevertheless1 the pains of ,hunger and ,revenge once satisfied1 his next care was not ,comfort but ,decoration 7,putz74 ,warmth he found in the toils of the chase2 or amid dried leaves1 in his hollow tree1 in his bark shed1 or natural grotto3 but for ,decoration he must have ,clothes4 ,nay1 among wild people1 we find tattooing and painting even prior to ,clothes4 ,the first spiritual want of a barbarous man is ,decoration1 as indeed we still see among the barbarous classes in civilized countries4 ,reader1 the heaven-inspired melodious ,singer2 loftiest ,serene ,highness2 nay thy own amber-locked1 snow-and-rosebloom ,maiden1 worthy to glide sylph-like almost on air1 whom thou lovest1 worshippest as a divine ,presence1 which1 indeed1 symbolically taken1 she is1--has descended1 like thyself1 from that same hair-mantled1 flint-hurling ,aboriginal ,anthropophagus6 ,out of the eater cometh forth meat2 out of the strong cometh forth sweetness4 ,what changes are wrought1 not by ,time1 yet in ,time6 ,for not ,mankind only1 but all that ,mankind does or beholds1 is in continual growth1 re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality4 ,cast forth thy ,act1 thy ,word1 into the ever-living1 ever-working ,universe3 it is a seed-grain that cannot die2 unnoticed to-day 7says one71 it will be found flourishing as a ,banyan-grove 7perhaps1 alas1 as a ,hemlock-forest67 after a thousand years4 ,he who first shortened the labor of ,copyists by device of ,movable ,types was disbanding hired ,armies1 and cashiering most ,kings and ,senates1 and creating a whole new ,democratic world3 he had invented the ,art of ,printing4 ,the first ground handful of ,nitre1 ,sulphur1 and ,charcoal drove ,monk ,schwartz's pestle through the ceiling3 what will the last do8 ,achieve the final undisputed prostration of ,force under ,thought1 of ,animal courage under ,spiritual4 ,a simple invention it was in the old-world ,grazier1--sick of lugging his slow ,ox about the country till he got it bartered for corn or oil1--to take a piece of ,leather1 and thereon scratch or stamp the mere ,figure of an ,ox 7or ,pecus72 put it in his pocket1 and call it ,pecunia1 ,money4 ,yet hereby did ,barter grow ,sale1 the ,leather ,money is now ,golden and ,paper1 and all miracles have been out-miracled3 for there are ,rothschilds and ,english ,national ,debts2 and whoso has sixpence is sovereign 7to the length of sixpence7 over all men2 commands cooks to feed him1 philosophers to teach him1 kings to mount guard over him1--to the length of sixpence4--,clothes too1 which began in foolishest love of ,ornament1 what have they not become6 ,increased ,security and pleasurable ,heat soon followed3 but what of these8 ,shame1 divine ,shame 7,schaam1 ,modesty71 as yet a stranger to the ,anthropophagous bosom1 arose there mysteriously under ,clothes2 a mystic grove-encircled shrine for the ,holy in man4 ,clothes gave us individuality1 distinctions1 social polity2 ,clothes have made ,men of us2 they are threatening to make ,clothes-screens of us4 ,but1 on the whole1 continues our eloquent ,professor1 ,man is a ,tool-using ,animal 7,handthierendes ,thier74 ,weak in himself1 and of small stature1 he stands on a basis1 at most for the flattest-soled1 of some half-square foot1 insecurely enough2 has to straddle out his legs1 lest the very wind supplant him4 ,feeblest of bipeds6 ,three quintals are a crushing load for him2 the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft1 like a waste rag4 ,nevertheless he can use ,tools2 can devise ,tools3 with these the granite mountain melts into light dust before him2 he kneads glowing iron1 as if it were soft paste2 seas are his smooth highway1 winds and fire his unwearying steeds4 ,nowhere do you find him without ,tools2 without ,tools he is nothing1 with ,tools he is all4 ,here may we not1 for a moment1 interrupt the stream of ,oratory with a remark1 that this ,definition of the ,tool-using ,animal appears to us1 of all that ,animal-sort1 considerably the precisest and best8 ,man is called a ,laughing ,animal3 but do not the apes also laugh1 or attempt to do it2 and is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher8 ,teufelsdrockh himself1 as we said1 laughed only once4 ,still less do we make of that other ,french ,definition of the ,cooking ,animal2 which1 indeed1 for rigorous scientific purposes1 is as good as useless4 ,can a ,tartar be said to cook1 when he only readies his steak by riding on it8 ,again1 what ,cookery does the ,greenlander use1 beyond stowing up his whale-blubber1 as a marmot1 in the like case1 might do8 ,or how would ,monsieur ,ude prosper among those ,orinoco ,indians who1 according to ,humboldt1 lodge in crow-nests1 on the branches of trees2 and1 for half the year1 have no victuals but pipe-clay1 the whole country being under water8 ,but1 on the other hand1 show us the human being1 of any period or climate1 without his ,tools3 those very ,caledonians1 as we saw1 had their ,flint-ball1 and ,thong to it1 such as no brute has or can have4 ,man is a ,tool-using ,animal1 concludes ,teufelsdrockh1 in his abrupt way2 of which truth ,clothes are but one example3 and surely if we consider the interval between the first wooden ,dibble fashioned by man1 and those ,liverpool ,steam-carriages1 or the ,british ,house of ,commons1 we shall note what progress he has made4 ,he digs up certain black stones from the bosom of the earth1 and says to them1 ,transport me and this luggage at the rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour2 and they do it3 he collects1 apparently by lot1 six hundred and fifty-eight miscellaneous individuals1 and says to them1 ,make this nation toil for us1 bleed for us1 hunger and1 sorrow and sin for us2 and they do it4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,aprons4 ,one of the most unsatisfactory ,sections in the whole ,volume is that on ,aprons4 ,what though stout old ,gao1 the ,persian ,blacksmith1 whose ,apron1 now indeed hidden under jewels1 because raised in revolt which proved successful1 is still the royal standard of that country2 what though ,john ,knox's ,daughter1 who threatened ,sovereign ,majesty that she would catch her husband's head in her ,apron1 rather than he should lie and be a bishop2 what though the ,landgravine ,elizabeth1 with many other ,apron worthies1--figure here8 ,an idle wire-drawing spirit1 sometimes even a tone of levity1 approaching to conventional satire1 is too clearly discernible4 ,what1 for example1 are we to make of such sentences as the following8 ,aprons are ,defences2 against injury to cleanliness1 to safety1 to modesty1 sometimes to roguery4 ,from the thin slip of notched silk 7as it were1 the emblem and beatified ghost of an ,apron71 which some highest-bred housewife1 sitting at ,nurnberg ,work-boxes and ,toy-boxes1 has gracefully fastened on2 to the thick-tanned hide1 girt round him with thongs1 wherein the ,builder builds1 and at evening sticks his trowel2 or to those jingling sheet-iron ,aprons1 wherein your otherwise half-naked ,vulcans hammer and smelt in their smelt-furnace1--is there not range enough in the fashion and uses of this ,vestment8 ,how much has been concealed1 how much has been defended in ,aprons6 ,nay1 rightly considered1 what is your whole ,military and ,police ,establishment1 charged at uncalculated millions1 but a huge scarlet-colored1 iron-fastened ,apron1 wherein ,society works 7uneasily enough72 guarding itself from some soil and stithy-sparks1 in this ,devil's-smithy 7,teufels-schmiede7 of a world8 ,but of all ,aprons the most puzzling to me hitherto has been the ,episcopal or ,cassock4 ,wherein consists the usefulness of this ,apron8 ,the ,overseer 7,episcopus7 of ,souls1 ,i notice1 has tucked in the corner of it1 as if his day's work were done3 what does he shadow forth thereby8 c4 c4 ,or again1 has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as we shall now quote8 ,i consider those printed ,paper ,aprons1 worn by the ,parisian ,cooks1 as a new vent1 though a slight one1 for ,typography2 therefore as an encouragement to modern ,literature1 and deserving of approval3 nor is it without satisfaction that ,i hear of a celebrated ,london ,firm having in view to introduce the same fashion1 with important extensions1 in ,england4--,we who are on the spot hear of no such thing2 and indeed have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for our ,literature1 exuberant as it is4--,teufelsdrockh continues3 ,if such supply of printed ,paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways and public thoroughfares1 new means must of necessity be had recourse to4 ,in a world existing by ,industry1 we grudge to employ fire as a destroying element1 and not as a creating one4 ,however1 ,heaven is omnipotent1 and will find us an outlet4 ,in the mean while1 is it not beautiful to see five million quintals of ,rags picked annually from the ,laystall2 and annually1 after being macerated1 hot-pressed1 printed on1 and sold1--returned thither2 filling so many hungry mouths by the way8 ,thus is the ,laystall1 especially with its ,rags or ,clothes-rubbish1 the grand ,electric ,battery1 and ,fountain-of-motion1 from which and to which the ,social ,activities 7like vitreous and resinous ,electricities7 circulate1 in larger or smaller circles1 through the mighty1 billowy1 storm-tost chaos of ,life1 which they keep alive6--,such passages fill us1 who love the man1 and partly esteem him1 with a very mixed feeling4 ,farther down we meet with this3 ,the ,journalists are now the true ,kings and ,clergy3 henceforth ,historians1 unless they are fools1 must write not of ,bourbon ,dynasties1 and ,tudors and ,hapsburgs2 but of ,stamped ,broad-sheet ,dynasties1 and quite new successive ,names1 according as this or the other ,able ,editor1 or ,combination of ,able ,editors1 gains the world's ear4 ,of the ,british ,newspaper ,press1 perhaps the most important of all1 and wonderful enough in its secret constitution and procedure1 a valuable descriptive ,history already exists1 in that language1 under the title of ,satan's ,invisible ,world ,displayed2 which1 however1 by search in all the ,weissnichtwo ,libraries1 ,i have not yet succeeded in procuring 7vermochte night aufzutreiben74 ,thus does the good ,homer not only nod1 but snore4 ,thus does ,teufelsdrockh1 wandering in regions where he had little business1 confound the old authentic ,presbyterian ,witchfinder with a new1 spurious1 imaginary ,historian of the ,brittische ,journalistik2 and so stumble on perhaps the most egregious blunder in ,modern ,literature6 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,miscellaneous-,,historical4 ,happier is our ,professor1 and more purely scientific and historic1 when he reaches the ,middle ,ages in ,europe1 and down to the end of the ,seventeenth ,century2 the true era of extravagance in ,costume4 ,it is here that the ,antiquary and ,student of ,modes comes upon his richest harvest4 ,fantastic garbs1 beggaring all fancy of a ,teniers or a ,callot1 succeed each other1 like monster devouring monster in a ,dream4 ,the whole too in brief authentic strokes1 and touched not seldom with that breath of genius which makes even old raiment live4 ,indeed1 so learned1 precise1 graphical1 and every way interesting have we found these ,chapters1 that it may be thrown out as a pertinent question for parties concerned1 ,whether or not a good ,english ,translation thereof might henceforth be profitably incorporated with ,mr4 ,merrick's valuable ,work ,on ,ancient ,armor8 ,take1 by way of example1 the following sketch2 as authority for which ,paulinus's ,zeitkurzende ,lust 7ii4 #fgh7 is1 with seeming confidence1 referred to3 ,did we behold the ,german fashionable dress of the ,fifteenth ,century1 we might smile2 as perhaps those bygone ,germans1 were they to rise again1 and see our haberdashery1 would cross themselves1 and invoke the ,virgin4 ,but happily no bygone ,german1 or man1 rises again2 thus the ,present is not needlessly trammelled with the ,past2 and only grows out of it1 like a ,tree1 whose roots are not intertangled with its branches1 but lie peaceably underground4 ,nay it is very mournful1 yet not useless1 to see and know1 how the ,greatest and ,dearest1 in a short while1 would find his place quite filled up here1 and no room for him2 the very ,napoleon1 the very ,byron1 in some seven years1 has become obsolete1 and were now a foreigner to his ,europe4 ,thus is the ,law of ,progress secured2 and in ,clothes1 as in all other external things whatsoever1 no fashion will continue4 ,of the military classes in those old times1 whose buff-belts1 complicated chains and gorgets1 huge churn-boots1 and other riding and fighting gear have been bepainted in modern ,romance1 till the whole has acquired somewhat of a sign-post character1--,i shall here say nothing3 the civil and pacific classes1 less touched upon1 are wonderful enough for us4 ,rich men1 ,i find1 have ,teusinke a perhaps untranslatable article2 also a silver girdle1 whereat hang little bells2 so that when a man walks1 it is with continual jingling4 ,some few1 of musical turn1 have a whole chime of bells 7,glockenspiel7 fastened there2 which1 especially in sudden whirls1 and the other accidents of walking1 has a grateful effect4 ,observe too how fond they are of peaks1 and ,gothic-arch intersections4 ,the male world wears peaked caps1 an ell long1 which hang bobbing over the side 7schief73 their shoes are peaked in front1 also to the length of an ell1 and laced on the side with tags2 even the wooden shoes have their ell-long noses3 some also clap bells on the peak4 ,further1 according to my authority1 the men have breeches without seat 7ohne ,gesass73 these they fasten peakwise to their shirts2 and the long round doublet must overlap them4 ,rich maidens1 again1 flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and before1 so that back and breast are almost bare4 ,wives of quality1 on the other hand1 have train-gowns four or five ells in length2 which trains there are boys to carry4 ,brave ,cleopatras1 sailing in their silk-cloth ,galley1 with a ,cupid for steersman6 ,consider their welts1 a handbreadth thick1 which waver round them by way of hem2 the long flood of silver buttons1 or rather silver shells1 from throat to shoe1 wherewith these same welt-gowns are buttoned4 ,the maidens have bound silver snoods about their hair1 with gold spangles1 and pendent flames 7,flammen71 that is1 sparkling hair-drops3 but of their mother's head-gear who shall speak8 ,neither in love of grace is comfort forgotten4 ,in winter weather you behold the whole fair creation 7that can afford it7 in long mantles1 with skirts wide below1 and1 for hem1 not one but two sufficient hand-broad welts2 all ending atop in a thick well-starched ,ruff1 some twenty inches broad3 these are their ,ruff-mantles 7,kragenmantel74 ,as yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not2 but the men have doublets of fustian1 under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth1 pasted together with batter 7mit ,teig zusammengekleistert71 which create protuberance enough4 ,thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art of ,decoration2 and as usual the stronger carries it4 ,our ,professor1 whether he have humor himself or not1 manifests a certain feeling of the ,ludicrous1 a sly observance of it which1 could emotion of any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man1 we might call a real love4 ,none of those bell-girdles1 bushel-breeches1 counted shoes1 or other the like phenomena1 of which the ,history of ,dress offers so many1 escape him3 more especially the mischances1 or striking adventures1 incident to the wearers of such1 are noticed with due fidelity4 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's fine mantle1 which he spread in the mud under ,queen ,elizabeth's feet1 appears to provoke little enthusiasm in him2 he merely asks1 ,whether at that period the ,maiden ,queen was red-painted on the nose1 and white-painted on the cheeks1 as her tire-women1 when from spleen and wrinkles she would no longer look in any glass1 were wont to serve her8 ,we can answer that ,sir ,walter knew well what he was doing1 and had the ,maiden ,queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris1 would have done the same4 ,thus too1 treating of those enormous habiliments1 that were not only slashed and gallooned1 but artificially swollen out on the broader parts of the body1 by introduction of ,bran1--our ,professor fails not to comment on that luckless ,courtier1 who having seated himself on a chair with some projecting nail on it1 and therefrom rising1 to pay his devoir on the entrance of ,majesty1 instantaneously emitted several pecks of dry wheat-dust3 and stood there diminished to a spindle1 his galloons and slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him4 ,whereupon the ,professor publishes this reflection3-- ,by what strange chances do we live in ,history8 ,erostratus by a torch2 ,milo by a bullock2 ,henry ,darnley1 an unfledged booby and bustard1 by his limbs2 most ,kings and ,queens by being born under such and such a bed-tester2 ,boileau ,despreaux 7according to ,helvetius7 by the peck of a turkey2 and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches1--for no ,memoirist of ,kaiser ,otto's ,court omits him4 ,vain was the prayer of ,themistocles for a talent of ,forgetting3 my ,friends1 yield cheerfully to ,destiny1 and read since it is written4--,has ,teufelsdrockh1 to be put in mind that1 nearly related to the impossible talent of ,forgetting1 stands that talent of ,silence1 which even travelling ,englishmen manifest8 ,the simplest costume1 observes our ,professor1 which ,i anywhere find alluded to in ,history1 is that used as regimental1 by ,bolivar's ,cavalry1 in the late ,colombian wars4 ,a square ,blanket1 twelve feet in diagonal1 is provided 7some were wont to cut off the corners1 and make it circular73 in the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long2 through this the mother-naked ,trooper introduces his head and neck2 and so rides shielded from all weather1 and in battle from many strokes 7for he rolls it about his left arm72 and not only dressed1 but harnessed and draperied4 ,with which picture of a ,state of ,nature1 affecting by its singularity1 and ,old-,roman contempt of the superfluous1 we shall quit this part of our subject4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,world ,,out ,,of ,,clothes4 ,if in the ,descriptive-,historical portion of this ,volume1 ,teufelsdrockh1 discussing merely the ,werden 7,origin and successive ,improvement7 of ,clothes1 has astonished many a reader1 much more will he in the ,speculative-,philosophical portion1 which treats of their ,wirken1 or ,influences4 ,it is here that the present ,editor first feels the pressure of his task2 for here properly the higher and new ,philosophy of ,clothes commences3 all untried1 almost inconceivable region1 or chaos2 in venturing upon which1 how difficult1 yet how unspeakably important is it to know what course1 of survey and conquest1 is the true one2 where the footing is firm substance and will bear us1 where it is hollow1 or mere cloud1 and may engulf us6 ,teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to expound the moral1 political1 even religious ,influences of ,clothes2 he undertakes to make manifest1 in its thousand-fold bearings1 this grand ,proposition1 that ,man's earthly interests are all hooked and buttoned together1 and held up1 by ,clothes4 ,he says in so many words1 ,society is founded upon ,cloth2 and again1 ,society sails through the ,infinitude on ,cloth1 as on a ,faust's ,mantle1 or rather like the ,sheet of clean and unclean beasts in the ,apostle's ,dream2 and without such ,sheet or ,mantle1 would sink to endless depths1 or mount to inane limbos1 and in either case be no more4 ,by what chains1 or indeed infinitely complected tissues1 of ,meditation this grand ,theorem is here unfolded1 and innumerable practical ,corollaries are drawn therefrom1 it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting4 ,our ,professor's method is not1 in any case1 that of common school ,logic1 where the truths all stand in a row1 each holding by the skirts of the other2 but at best that of practical ,reason' proceeding by large ,intuition over whole systematic groups and kingdoms2 whereby1 we might say1 a noble complexity1 almost like that of ,nature1 reigns in his ,philosophy1 or spiritual ,picture of ,nature3 a mighty maze1 yet1 as faith whispers1 not without a plan4 ,nay we complained above1 that a certain ignoble complexity1 what we must call mere confusion1 was also discernible4 ,often1 also1 we have to exclaim3 ,would to ,heaven those same ,biographical ,documents were come6 ,for it seems as if the demonstration lay much in the ,author's individuality2 as if it were not ,argument that had taught him1 but ,experience4 ,at present it is only in local glimpses1 and by significant fragments1 picked often at wide-enough intervals from the original ,volume1 and carefully collated1 that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this ,doctrine4 ,readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favor us with their most concentrated attention3 let these1 after intense consideration1 and not till then1 pronounce1 ,whether on the utmost verge of our actual horizon there is not a looming as of ,land2 a promise of new ,fortunate ,islands1 perhaps whole undiscovered ,americas1 for such as have canvas to sail thither8--,as exordium to the whole1 stand here the following long citation3-- ,with men of a speculative turn1 writes ,teufelsdrockh1 there come seasons1 meditative1 sweet1 yet awful hours1 when in wonder and fear you ask yourself that unanswerable question3 ,who am ,i2 the thing that can say ',i' 7das ,wesen das sich ,,ich nennt78 ,the world1 with its loud trafficking1 retires into the distance2 and1 through the paper-hangings1 and stonewalls1 and thick-plied tissues of ,commerce and ,polity1 and all the living and lifeless integuments 7of ,society and a ,body71 wherewith your ,existence sits surrounded1--the sight reaches forth into the void ,deep1 and you are alone with the ,universe1 and silently commune with it1 as one mysterious ,presence with another4 ,who am ,i2 what is this ,,me8 ,a ,voice1 a ,motion1 an ,appearance2--some embodied1 visualized ,idea in the ,eternal ,mind8 ,cogito1 ergo sum4 ,alas1 poor ,cogitator1 this takes us but a little way4 ,sure enough1 ,i am2 and lately was not3 but ,whence8 ,how8 ,whereto8 ,the answer lies around1 written in all colors and motions1 uttered in all tones of jubilee and wail1 in thousand-figured1 thousand-voiced1 harmonious ,nature3 but where is the cunning eye and ear to whom that ,god-written ,apocalypse will yield articulate meaning8 ,we sit as in a boundless ,phantasmagoria and ,dream-grotto2 boundless1 for the faintest star1 the remotest century1 lies not even nearer the verge thereof3 sounds and many-colored visions flit round our sense2 but ,him1 the ,unslumbering1 whose work both ,dream and ,dreamer are1 we see not2 except in rare half-waking moments1 suspect not4 ,creation1 says one1 lies before us1 like a glorious ,rainbow2 but the ,sun that made it lies behind us1 hidden from us4 ,then1 in that strange ,dream1 how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances2 and sleep deepest while fancying ourselves most awake6 ,which of your ,philosophical ,systems is other than a dream-theorem2 a net quotient1 confidently given out1 where divisor and dividend are both unknown8 ,what are all your national ,wars1 with their ,moscow ,retreats1 and sanguinary hate-filled ,revolutions1 but the ,somnambulism of uneasy ,sleepers8 ,this ,dreaming1 this ,somnambulism is what we on ,earth call ,life2 wherein the most indeed undoubtingly wander1 as if they knew right hand from left2 yet they only are wise who know that they know nothing4 ,pity that all ,metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly unproductive6 ,the secret of ,man's ,being is still like the ,sphinx's secret3 a riddle that he cannot rede2 and for ignorance of which he suffers death1 the worst death1 a spiritual4 ,what are your ,axioms1 and ,categories1 and ,systems1 and ,aphorisms8 ,words1 words4 ,high ,air-castles are cunningly built of ,words1 the ,words well bedded also in good ,logic-mortar2 wherein1 however1 no ,knowledge will come to lodge4 ,the whole is greater than the part3 how exceedingly true6 ,nature abhors a vacuum3 how exceedingly false and calumnious6 ,again1 ,nothing can act but where it is3 with all my heart2 only1 ,,where is it8 ,be not the slave of ,words3 is not the ,distant1 the ,dead1 while ,i love it1 and long for it1 and mourn for it1 ,here1 in the genuine sense1 as truly as the floor ,i stand on8 ,but that same ,,where1 with its brother ,,when1 are from the first the master-colors of our ,dream-grotto2 say rather1 the ,canvas 7the warp and woof thereof7 whereon all our ,dreams and ,life-visions are painted4 ,nevertheless1 has not a deeper meditation taught certain of every climate and age1 that the ,,where and ,,when1 so mysteriously inseparable from all our thoughts1 are but superficial terrestrial adhesions to thought2 that the ,seer may discern them where they mount up out of the celestial ,,everywhere and ,,forever3 have not all nations conceived their ,god as ,omnipresent and ,eternal2 as existing in a universal ,,here1 an everlasting ,now8 ,think well1 thou too wilt find that ,space is but a mode of our human ,sense1 so likewise ,time2 there is no ,space and no ,time3 ,,we are--we know not what2--light-sparkles floating in the ether of ,deity6 ,so that this so solid-seeming ,world1 after all1 were but an air-image1 our ,,me the only reality3 and ,nature1 with its thousand-fold production and destruction1 but the reflex of our own inward ,force1 the 'phantasy of our ,dream2' or what the ,earth-,spirit in ,faust names it1 the living visible ,garment of ,god3-- ',in ,being's floods1 in ,action's storm1 ,i walk and work1 above1 beneath1 ,work and weave in endless motion6 ,birth and ,death1 ,an infinite ocean2 ,a seizing and giving ,the fire of ,living3 ',tis thus at the roaring ,loom of ,time ,i ply1 ,and weave for ,god the ,garment thou seest ,him by4' ,of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of the ,erdgeist1 are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the meaning thereof8 ,it was in some such mood1 when wearied and fordone with these high speculations1 that ,i first came upon the question of ,clothes4 ,strange enough1 it strikes me1 is this same fact of there being ,tailors and ,tailored4 ,the ,horse ,i ride has his own whole fell3 strip him of the girths and flaps and extraneous tags ,i have fastened round him1 and the noble creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner2 nay his own boot-maker1 jeweller1 and man-milliner2 he bounds free through the valleys1 with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body2 wherein warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection2 nay1 the graces also have been considered1 and frills and fringes1 with gay variety of color1 featly appended1 and ever in the right place1 are not wanting4 ,while ,i--good ,heaven6--have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of sheep1 the bark of vegetables1 the entrails of worms1 the hides of oxen or seals1 the felt of furred beasts2 and walk abroad a moving ,rag-screen1 overheaped with shreds and tatters raked from the ,charnel-house of ,nature1 where they would have rotted1 to rot on me more slowly6 ,day after day1 ,i must thatch myself anew2 day after day1 this despicable thatch must lose some film of its thickness2 some film of it1 frayed away by tear and wear1 must be brushed off into the ,ashpit1 into the ,laystall2 till by degrees the whole has been brushed thither1 and ,i1 the dust-making1 patent ,rag-grinder1 get new material to grind down4 ,o subter-brutish6 vile6 most vile6 ,for have not ,i too a compact all-enclosing ,skin1 whiter or dingier8 ,am ,i a botched mass of tailors' and cobblers' shreds1 then2 or a tightly articulated1 homogeneous little ,figure1 automatic1 nay alive8 ,strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to plainest facts2 and by the mere inertia of ,oblivion and ,stupidity1 live at ease in the midst of ,wonders and ,terrors4 ,but indeed man is1 and was always1 a blockhead and dullard2 much readier to feel and digest1 than to think and consider4 ,prejudice1 which he pretends to hate1 is his absolute lawgiver2 mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose2 thus let but a ,rising of the ,sun1 let but a ,creation of the ,world happen twice1 and it ceases to be marvellous1 to be noteworthy1 or noticeable4 ,perhaps not once in a lifetime does it occur to your ordinary biped1 of any country or generation1 be he gold-mantled ,prince or russet-jerkined ,peasant1 that his ,vestments and his ,self are not one and indivisible2 that he is naked1 without vestments1 till he buy or steal such1 and by forethought sew and button them4 ,for my own part1 these considerations1 of our ,clothes-thatch1 and how1 reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts1 it tailorizes and demoralizes us1 fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind2 almost as one feels at those ,dutch ,cows1 which1 during the wet season1 you see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats 7of striped sacking71 in the meadows of ,gouda4 ,nevertheless there is something great in the moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages2 and sees indeed that he is naked1 and1 as ,swift has it1 'a forked straddling animal with bandy legs2' yet also a ,spirit1 and unutterable ,mystery of ,mysteries4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,adamitism4 ,let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the conclusion of the last ,chapter4 ,the ,editor himself1 on first glancing over that singular passage1 was inclined to exclaim3 ,what1 have we got not only a ,sansculottist1 but an enemy to ,clothes in the abstract8 ,a new ,adamite1 in this century1 which flatters itself that it is the ,nineteenth1 and destructive both to ,superstition and ,enthusiasm8 ,consider1 thou foolish ,teufelsdrockh1 what benefits unspeakable all ages and sexes derive from ,clothes4 ,for example1 when thou thyself1 a watery1 pulpy1 slobbery freshman and new-comer in this ,planet1 sattest muling and puking in thy nurse's arms2 sucking thy coral1 and looking forth into the world in the blankest manner1 what hadst thou been without thy blankets1 and bibs1 and other nameless hulls8 ,a terror to thyself and mankind6 ,or hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst breeches1 and thy long clothes became short8 ,the village where thou livedst was all apprised of the fact2 and neighbor after neighbor kissed thy pudding-cheek1 and gave thee1 as handsel1 silver or copper coins1 on that the first gala-day of thy existence4 ,again1 wert not thou1 at one period of life1 a ,buck1 or ,blood1 or ,macaroni1 or ,incroyable1 or ,dandy1 or by whatever name1 according to year and place1 such phenomenon is distinguished8 ,in that one word lie included mysterious volumes4 ,nay1 now when the reign of folly is over1 or altered1 and thy clothes are not for triumph but for defence1 hast thou always worn them perforce1 and as a consequence of ,man's ,fall2 never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable ,house1 a ,body round thy ,body1 wherein that strange ,,thee of thine sat snug1 defying all variations of ,climate8 ,girt with thick double-milled kerseys2 half buried under shawls and broadbrims1 and overalls and mudboots1 thy very fingers cased in doeskin and mittens1 thou hast bestrode that ,horse ,i ride2 and1 though it were in wild winter1 dashed through the world1 glorying in it as if thou wert its lord4 ,in vain did the sleet beat round thy temples2 it lighted only on thy impenetrable1 felted or woven1 case of wool4 ,in vain did the winds howl1--forests sounding and creaking1 deep calling unto deep1--and the storms heap themselves together into one huge ,arctic whirlpool3 thou flewest through the middle thereof1 striking fire from the highway2 wild music hummed in thy ears1 thou too wert as a sailor of the air2 the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds was thy element and propitiously wafting tide4 ,without ,clothes1 without bit or saddle1 what hadst thou been2 what had thy fleet quadruped been8--,nature is good1 but she is not the best3 here truly was the victory of ,art over ,nature4 ,a thunderbolt indeed might have pierced thee2 all short of this thou couldst defy4 ,or1 cries the courteous reader1 has your ,teufelsdrockh forgotten what he said lately about ,aboriginal ,savages1 and their condition miserable indeed8 ,would he have all this unsaid2 and us betake ourselves again to the matted cloak1 and go sheeted in a thick natural fell8 ,nowise1 courteous reader6 ,the ,professor knows full well what he is saying2 and both thou and we1 in our haste1 do him wrong4 ,if ,clothes1 in these times1 so tailorize and demoralize us1 have they no redeeming value2 can they not be altered to serve better2 must they of necessity be thrown to the dogs8 ,the truth is1 ,teufelsdrockh1 though a ,sansculottist1 is no ,adamite2 and much perhaps as he might wish to go forth before this degenerate age as a ,sign1 would nowise wish to do it1 as those old ,adamites did1 in a state of ,nakedness4 ,the utility of ,clothes is altogether apparent to him3 nay perhaps he has an insight into their more recondite1 and almost mystic qualities1 what we might call the omnipotent virtue of ,clothes1 such as was never before vouchsafed to any man4 ,for example3-- ,you see two individuals1 he writes1 one dressed in fine ,red1 the other in coarse threadbare ,blue3 ,red says to ,blue1 ',be hanged and anatomized2' ,blue hears with a shudder1 and 7,o wonder of wonders67 marches sorrowfully to the gallows2 is there noosed up1 vibrates his hour1 and the surgeons dissect him1 and fit his bones into a skeleton for medical purposes4 ,how is this2 or what make ye of your ,nothing can act but where it is8 ,red has no physical hold of ,blue1 no clutch of him1 is nowise in contact with him3 neither are those ministering ,sheriffs and ,lord-,lieutenants and ,hangmen and ,tipstaves so related to commanding ,red1 that he can tug them hither and thither2 but each stands distinct within his own skin4 ,nevertheless1 as it is spoken1 so is it done3 the articulated ,word sets all hands in ,action2 and ,rope and ,improved-drop perform their work4 ,thinking reader1 the reason seems to me twofold3 ,first1 that ,man is a ,spirit1 and bound by invisible bonds to ,all ,men2 secondly1 that he wears ,clothes1 which are the visible emblems of that fact4 ,has not your ,red hanging-individual a horsehair wig1 squirrel-skins1 and a plush-gown2 whereby all mortals know that he is a ,,judge8--,society1 which the more ,i think of it astonishes me the more1 is founded upon ,cloth4 ,often in my atrabiliar moods1 when ,i read of pompous ceremonials1 ,frankfort ,coronations1 ,royal ,drawing-rooms1 ,levees1 ,couchees2 and how the ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting2 how ,duke this is presented by ,archduke that1 and ,colonel ,a by ,general ,b1 and innumerable ,bishops1 ,admirals1 and miscellaneous ,functionaries1 are advancing gallantly to the ,anointed ,presence2 and ,i strive1 in my remote privacy1 to form a clear picture of that solemnity1--on a sudden1 as by some enchanter's wand1 the--shall ,i speak it8--the ,clothes fly off the whole dramatic corps2 and ,dukes1 ,grandees1 ,bishops1 ,generals1 ,anointed ,presence itself1 every mother's son of them1 stand straddling there1 not a shirt on them2 and ,i know not whether to laugh or weep4 ,this physical or psychical infirmity1 in which perhaps ,i am not singular1 ,i have1 after hesitation1 thought right to publish1 for the solace of those afflicted with the like4 ,would to ,heaven1 say we1 thou hadst thought right to keep it secret6 ,who is there now that can read the five columns of ,presentations in his ,morning ,newspaper without a shudder8 ,hypochondriac men1 and all men are to a certain extent hypochondriac1 should be more gently treated4 ,with what readiness our fancy1 in this shattered state of the nerves1 follows out the consequences which ,teufelsdrockh1 with a devilish coolness1 goes on to draw3-- ,what would ,majesty do1 could such an accident befall in reality2 should the buttons all simultaneously start1 and the solid wool evaporate1 in very ,deed1 as here in ,dream8 ,ach ,gott6 ,how each skulks into the nearest hiding-place2 their high ,state ,tragedy 7,haupt- und ,staats-,action7 becomes a ,pickleherring-,farce to weep at1 which is the worst kind of ,farce2 the tables 7according to ,horace71 and with them1 the whole fabric of ,government1 ,legislation1 ,property1 ,police1 and ,civilized ,society1 are dissolved1 in wails and howls4 ,lives the man that can figure a naked ,duke of ,windlestraw addressing a naked ,house of ,lords8 ,imagination1 choked as in mephitic air1 recoils on itself1 and will not forward with the picture4 ,the ,woolsack1 the ,ministerial1 the ,opposition ,benches--infandum6 infandum6 ,and yet why is the thing impossible8 ,was not every soul1 or rather every body1 of these ,guardians of our ,liberties1 naked1 or nearly so1 last night2 a forked ,radish with a head fantastically carved8 ,and why might he not1 did our stern fate so order it1 walk out to ,st4 ,stephen's1 as well as into bed1 in that no-fashion2 and there1 with other similar ,radishes1 hold a ,bed of ,justice8 ,solace of those afflicted with the like6 ,unhappy ,teufelsdrockh1 had man ever such a physical or psychical infirmity before8 ,and now how many1 perhaps1 may thy unparalleled confession 7which we1 even to the sounder ,british world1 and goaded on by ,critical and ,biographical duty1 grudge to reimpart7 incurably infect therewith6 ,art thou the malignest of ,sansculottists1 or only the maddest8 ,it will remain to be examined1 adds the inexorable ,teufelsdrockh1 in how far the ,,scarecrow1 as a ,clothed ,person1 is not also entitled to benefit of clergy1 and ,english trial by jury3 nay perhaps1 considering his high function 7for is not he too a ,defender of ,property1 and ,sovereign armed with the terrors of the ,law871 to a certain royal ,immunity and ,inviolability2 which1 however1 misers and the meaner class of persons are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him4 ,o my ,friends1 we are in ,yorick ,sterne's words but as 'turkeys driven1 with a stick and red clout1 to the market3' or if some drivers1 as they do in ,norfolk1 take a dried bladder and put peas in it1 the rattle thereof terrifies the boldest6 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,pure ,,reason4 ,it must now be apparent enough that our ,professor1 as above hinted1 is a speculative ,radical1 and of the very darkest tinge2 acknowledging1 for most part1 in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized ,life1 which we make so much of1 nothing but so many ,cloth-rags1 turkey-poles1 and bladders with dried peas4 ,to linger among such speculations1 longer than mere ,science requires1 a discerning public can have no wish4 ,for our purposes the simple fact that such a ,naked ,world is possible1 nay actually exists 7under the ,clothed one71 will be sufficient4 ,much1 therefore1 we omit about ,kings wrestling naked on the green with ,carmen1 and the ,kings being thrown3 dissect them with scalpels1 says ,teufelsdrockh2 the same viscera1 tissues1 livers1 lights1 and other life-tackle1 are there3 examine their spiritual mechanism2 the same great ,need1 great ,greed1 and little ,faculty2 nay ten to one but the ,carman1 who understands draught-cattle1 the rimming of wheels1 something of the laws of unstable and stable equilibrium1 with other branches of wagon-science1 and has actually put forth his hand and operated on ,nature1 is the more cunningly gifted of the two4 ,whence1 then1 their so unspeakable difference8 ,from ,clothes4 ,much also we shall omit about confusion of ,ranks1 and ,joan and ,my ,lady1 and how it would be everywhere ,hail fellow well met1 and ,chaos were come again3 all which to any one that has once fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea1 ,society in a state of ,nakedness1 will spontaneously suggest itself4 ,should some sceptical individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without ,clothes1 the smallest ,politeness1 ,polity1 or even ,police1 could exist1 let him turn to the original ,volume1 and view there the boundless ,serbonian ,bog of ,sansculottism1 stretching sour and pestilential3 over which we have lightly flown2 where not only whole armies but whole nations might sink6 ,if indeed the following argument1 in its brief riveting emphasis1 be not of itself incontrovertible and final3-- ,are we ,opossums2 have we natural ,pouches1 like the ,kangaroo8 ,or how1 without ,clothes1 could we possess the master-organ1 soul's seat1 and true pineal gland of the ,body ,social3 ,i mean1 a ,,purse8 ,nevertheless it is impossible to hate ,professor ,teufelsdrockh2 at worst1 one knows not whether to hate or to love him4 ,for though1 in looking at the fair tapestry of human ,life1 with its royal and even sacred figures1 he dwells not on the obverse alone1 but here chiefly on the reverse2 and indeed turns out the rough seams1 tatters1 and manifold thrums of that unsightly wrong-side1 with an almost diabolic patience and indifference1 which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers1--there is that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past and present ,sansculottists4 ,the grand unparalleled peculiarity of ,teufelsdrockh is1 that with all this ,descendentalism1 he combines a ,transcendentalism1 no less superlative2 whereby if on the one hand he degrade man below most animals1 except those jacketed ,gouda ,cows1 he1 on the other1 exalts him beyond the visible ,heavens1 almost to an equality with the ,gods4 ,to the eye of vulgar ,logic1 says he1 what is man8 ,an omnivorous ,biped that wears ,breeches4 ,to the eye of ,pure ,reason what is he8 ,a ,soul1 a ,spirit1 and divine ,apparition4 ,round his mysterious ,,me1 there lies1 under all those wool-rags1 a ,garment of ,flesh 7or of ,senses71 contextured in the ,loom of ,heaven2 whereby he is revealed to his like1 and dwells with them in ,,union and ,,division2 and sees and fashions for himself a ,universe1 with azure ,starry ,spaces1 and long ,thousands of ,years4 ,deep-hidden is he under that strange ,garment2 amid ,sounds and ,colors and ,forms1 as it were1 swathed in1 and inextricably over-shrouded3 yet it is sky-woven1 and worthy of a ,god4 ,stands he not thereby in the centre of ,immensities1 in the conflux of ,eternities8 ,he feels2 power has been given him to know1 to believe2 nay does not the spirit of ,love1 free in its celestial primeval brightness1 even here1 though but for moments1 look through8 ,well said ,saint ,chrysostom1 with his lips of gold1 'the true ,,shekinah is ,man3' where else is the ,,god',s-,,presence manifested not to our eyes only1 but to our hearts1 as in our fellow-man8 ,in such passages1 unhappily too rare1 the high ,platonic ,mysticism of our ,author1 which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature1 bursts forth1 as it were1 in full flood3 and1 through all the vapor and tarnish of what is often so perverse1 so mean in his exterior and environment1 we seem to look into a whole inward ,sea of ,light and ,love2--though1 alas1 the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again1 and hide it from view4 ,such tendency to ,mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man2 and indeed1 to attentive readers1 must have been long ago apparent4 ,nothing that he sees but has more than a common meaning1 but has two meanings3 thus1 if in the highest ,imperial ,sceptre and ,charlemagne-,mantle1 as well as in the poorest ,ox-goad and ,gypsy-,blanket1 he finds ,prose1 ,decay1 ,contemptibility2 there is in each sort ,poetry also1 and a reverend ,worth4 ,for ,matter1 were it never so despicable1 is ,spirit1 the manifestation of ,spirit3 were it never so honorable1 can it be more8 ,the thing ,visible1 nay the thing ,imagined1 the thing in any way conceived as ,visible1 what is it but a ,garment1 a ,clothing of the higher1 celestial ,invisible1 unimaginable formless1 dark with excess of bright8 ,under which point of view the following passage1 so strange in purport1 so strange in phrase1 seems characteristic enough3-- ,the beginning of all ,wisdom is to look fixedly on ,clothes1 or even with armed eyesight1 till they become transparent4 ',the ,philosopher1' says the wisest of this age1 'must station himself in the middle3' how true6 ,the ,philosopher is he to whom the ,highest has descended1 and the ,lowest has mounted up2 who is the equal and kindly brother of all4 ,shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs1 whether woven in ,arkwright looms1 or by the silent ,arachnes that weave unrestingly in our ,imagination8 ,or1 on the other hand1 what is there that we cannot love2 since all was created by ,god8 ,happy he who can look through the ,clothes of a ,man 7the woollen1 and fleshly1 and official ,bank-paper and ,state-paper ,clothes7 into the ,man himself2 and discern1 it may be1 in this or the other ,dread ,potentate1 a more or less incompetent ,digestive-apparatus2 yet also an inscrutable venerable ,mystery1 in the meanest ,tinker that sees with eyes6 ,for the rest1 as is natural to a man of this kind1 he deals much in the feeling of ,wonder2 insists on the necessity and high worth of universal ,wonder2 which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen of so singular a ,planet as ours4 ,wonder1 says he1 is the basis of ,worship3 the reign of wonder is perennial1 indestructible in ,man2 only at certain stages 7as the present71 it is1 for some short season1 a reign in partibus infidelium4 ,that progress of ,science1 which is to destroy ,wonder1 and in its stead substitute ,mensuration and ,numeration1 finds small favor with ,teufelsdrockh1 much as he otherwise venerates these two latter processes4 ,shall your ,science1 exclaims he1 proceed in the small chink-lighted1 or even oil-lighted1 underground workshop of ,logic alone2 and man's mind become an ,arithmetical ,mill1 whereof ,memory is the ,hopper1 and mere ,tables of ,sines and ,tangents1 ,codification1 and ,treatises of what you call ,political ,economy1 are the ,meal8 ,and what is that ,science1 which the scientific head alone1 were it screwed off1 and 7like the ,doctor's in the ,arabian ,tale7 set in a basin to keep it alive1 could prosecute without shadow of a heart1--but one other of the mechanical and menial handicrafts1 for which the ,scientific ,head 7having a ,soul in it7 is too noble an organ8 ,i mean that ,thought without ,reverence is barren1 perhaps poisonous2 at best1 dies like cookery with the day that called it forth2 does not live1 like sowing1 in successive tilths and wider-spreading harvests1 bringing food and plenteous increase to all ,time4 ,in such wise does ,teufelsdrockh deal hits1 harder or softer1 according to ability2 yet ever1 as we would fain persuade ourselves1 with charitable intent4 ,above all1 that class of ,logic-choppers1 and treble-pipe ,scoffers1 and professed ,enemies to ,wonder2 who1 in these days1 so numerously patrol as night-constables about the ,mechanics' ,institute of ,science1 and cackle1 like true ,old-,roman geese and goslings round their ,capitol1 on any alarm1 or on none2 nay who often1 as illuminated ,sceptics1 walk abroad into peaceable society1 in full daylight1 with rattle and lantern1 and insist on guiding you and guarding you therewith1 though the ,sun is shining1 and the street populous with mere justice-loving men3 that whole class is inexpressibly wearisome to him4 ,hear with what uncommon animation he perorates3-- ,the man who cannot wonder1 who does not habitually wonder 7and worship71 were he ,president of innumerable ,royal ,societies1 and carried the whole ,mecanique ,celeste and ,hegel's ,philosophy1 and the epitome of all ,laboratories and ,observatories with their results1 in his single head1--is but a ,pair of ,spectacles behind which there is no ,eye4 ,let those who have ,eyes look through him1 then he may be useful4 ,thou wilt have no ,mystery and ,mysticism2 wilt walk through thy world by the sunshine of what thou callest ,truth1 or even by the hand-lamp of what ,i call ,attorney-,logic2 and 'explain' all1 'account' for all1 or believe nothing of it8 ,nay1 thou wilt attempt laughter2 whoso recognizes the unfathomable1 all-pervading domain of ,mystery1 which is everywhere under our feet and among our hands2 to whom the ,universe is an ,oracle and ,temple1 as well as a ,kitchen and ,cattle-stall1--he shall be a delirious ,mystic2 to him thou1 with sniffing charity1 wilt protrusively proffer thy hand-lamp1 and shriek1 as one injured1 when he kicks his foot through it8--,armer ,teufel6 ,doth not thy cow calve1 doth not thy bull gender8 ,thou thyself1 wert thou not born1 wilt thou not die8 ',explain' me all this1 or do one of two things3 ,retire into private places with thy foolish cackle2 or1 what were better1 give it up1 and weep1 not that the reign of wonder is done1 and ,god's world all disembellished and prosaic1 but that thou hitherto art a ,dilettante and sand-blind ,pedant4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,prospective4 ,the ,philosophy of ,clothes is now to all readers1 as we predicted it would do1 unfolding itself into new boundless expansions1 of a cloud-capt1 almost chimerical aspect1 yet not without azure loomings in the far distance1 and streaks as of an ,elysian brightness2 the highly questionable purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more important for us to ascertain4 ,is that a real ,elysian brightness1 cries many a timid wayfarer1 or the reflex of ,pandemonian lava8 ,is it of a truth leading us into beatific ,asphodel meadows1 or the yellow-burning marl of a ,hell-on-,earth8 ,our ,professor1 like other ,mystics1 whether delirious or inspired1 gives an ,editor enough to do4 ,ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads us to2 more piercing1 all-comprehending1 all-confounding are his views and glances4 ,for example1 this of ,nature being not an ,aggregate but a ,whole3-- ,well sang the ,hebrew ,psalmist3 ',if ,i take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the ,universe1 ,god is there4' ,thou thyself1 ,o cultivated reader1 who too probably art no ,psalmist1 but a ,prosaist1 knowing ,,god only by tradition1 knowest thou any corner of the world where at least ,,force is not8 ,the drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand1 rests not where it falls1 but to-morrow thou findest it swept away2 already on the wings of the ,north-wind1 it is nearing the ,tropic of ,cancer4 ,how came it to evaporate1 and not lie motionless8 ,thinkest thou there is aught motionless2 without ,force1 and utterly dead8 ,as ,i rode through the ,schwarzwald1 ,i said to myself3 ,that little fire which glows star-like across the dark-growing 7nachtende7 moor1 where the sooty smith bends over his anvil1 and thou hopest to replace thy lost horse-shoe1--is it a detached1 separated speck1 cut off from the whole ,universe2 or indissolubly joined to the whole8 ,thou fool1 that smithy-fire was 7primarily7 kindled at the ,sun2 is fed by air that circulates from before ,noah's ,deluge1 from beyond the ,dog-star2 therein1 with ,iron ,force1 and ,coal ,force1 and the far stranger ,force of ,man1 are cunning affinities and battles and victories of ,force brought about2 it is a little ganglion1 or nervous centre1 in the great vital system of ,immensity4 ,call it1 if thou wilt1 an unconscious ,altar1 kindled on the bosom of the ,all2 whose iron sacrifice1 whose iron smoke and influence reach quite through the ,all2 whose dingy ,priest1 not by word1 yet by brain and sinew1 preaches forth the mystery of ,force2 nay preaches forth 7exoterically enough7 one little textlet from the ,gospel of ,freedom1 the ,gospel of ,man's ,force1 commanding1 and one day to be all-commanding4 ,detached1 separated6 ,i say there is no such separation3 nothing hitherto was ever stranded1 cast aside2 but all1 were it only a withered leaf1 works together with all2 is borne forward on the bottomless1 shoreless flood of ,action1 and lives through perpetual metamorphoses4 ,the withered leaf is not dead and lost1 there are ,forces in it and around it1 though working in inverse order2 else how could it rot8 ,despise not the rag from which man makes ,paper1 or the litter from which the earth makes ,corn4 ,rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant2 all objects are as windows1 through which the philosophic eye looks into ,infinitude itself4 ,again1 leaving that wondrous ,schwarzwald ,smithy-,altar1 what vacant1 high-sailing air-ships are these1 and whither will they sail with us8 ,all visible things are emblems2 what thou seest is not there on its own account2 strictly taken1 is not there at all3 ,matter exists only spiritually1 and to represent some ,idea1 and body it forth4 ,hence ,clothes1 as despicable as we think them1 are so unspeakably significant4 ,clothes1 from the ,king's mantle downwards1 are emblematic1 not of want only1 but of a manifold cunning ,victory over ,want4 ,on the other hand1 all ,emblematic things are properly ,clothes1 thought-woven or hand-woven3 must not the ,imagination weave ,garments1 visible ,bodies1 wherein the else invisible creations and inspirations of our ,reason are1 like ,spirits1 revealed1 and first become all-powerful2 the rather if1 as we often see1 the ,hand too aid her1 and 7by wool ,clothes or otherwise7 reveal such even to the outward eye8 ,men are properly said to be clothed with ,authority1 clothed with ,beauty1 with ,curses1 and the like4 ,nay1 if you consider it1 what is ,man himself1 and his whole terrestrial ,life1 but an ,emblem2 a ,clothing or visible ,garment for that divine ,,me of his1 cast hither1 like a light-particle1 down from ,heaven8 ,thus is he said also to be clothed with a ,body4 ,language is called the ,garment of ,thought3 however1 it should rather be1 ,language is the ,flesh-,garment1 the ,body1 of ,thought4 ,i said that ,imagination wove this ,flesh-,garment2 and does not she8 ,metaphors are her stuff3 examine ,language2 what1 if you except some few primitive elements 7of natural sound71 what is it all but ,metaphors1 recognized as such1 or no longer recognized2 still fluid and florid1 or now solid-grown and colorless8 ,if those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in the ,flesh-,garment1 ,language1--then are ,metaphors its muscles and tissues and living integuments4 ,an unmetaphorical style you shall in vain seek for3 is not your very ,attention a ,stretching-to8 ,the difference lies here3 some styles are lean1 adust1 wiry1 the muscle itself seems osseous2 some are even quite pallid1 hunger-bitten and dead-looking2 while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth1 sometimes 7as in my own case7 not without an apoplectic tendency4 ,moreover1 there are sham ,metaphors1 which overhanging that same ,thought's-,body 7best naked71 and deceptively bedizening1 or bolstering it out1 may be called its false stuffings1 superfluous show-cloaks 7,putz-,mantel71 and tawdry woollen rags3 whereof he that runs and reads may gather whole hampers1--and burn them4 ,than which paragraph on ,metaphors did the reader ever chance to see a more surprisingly metaphorical8 ,however1 that is not our chief grievance2 the ,professor continues3-- ,why multiply instances8 ,it is written1 the ,heavens and the ,earth shall fade away like a ,vesture2 which indeed they are3 the ,time-vesture of the ,eternal4 ,whatsoever sensibly exists1 whatsoever represents ,spirit to ,spirit1 is properly a ,clothing1 a suit of ,raiment1 put on for a season1 and to be laid off4 ,thus in this one pregnant subject of ,,clothes1 rightly understood1 is included all that men have thought1 dreamed1 done1 and been3 the whole ,external ,universe and what it holds is but ,clothing2 and the essence of all ,science lies in the ,,philosophy ,,of ,,clothes4 ,towards these dim infinitely expanded regions1 close-bordering on the impalpable ,inane1 it is not without apprehension1 and perpetual difficulties1 that the ,editor sees himself journeying and struggling4 ,till lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him1 in the expected ,aid of ,hofrath ,heuschrecke2 which daystar1 however1 melts now1 not into the red of morning1 but into a vague1 gray half-light1 uncertain whether dawn of day or dusk of utter darkness4 ,for the last week1 these so-called ,biographical ,documents are in his hand4 ,by the kindness of a ,scottish ,hamburg ,merchant1 whose name1 known to the whole mercantile world1 he must not mention2 but whose honorable courtesy1 now and often before spontaneously manifested to him1 a mere literary stranger1 he cannot soon forget1--the bulky ,weissnichtwo ,packet1 with all its ,custom-house seals1 foreign hieroglyphs1 and miscellaneous tokens of ,travel1 arrived here in perfect safety1 and free of cost4 ,the reader shall now fancy with what hot haste it was broken up1 with what breathless expectation glanced over2 and1 alas1 with what unquiet disappointment it has1 since then1 been often thrown down1 and again taken up4 ,hofrath ,heuschrecke1 in a too long-winded ,letter1 full of compliments1 ,weissnichtwo politics1 dinners1 dining repartees1 and other ephemeral trivialities1 proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already3 that however it may be with ,metaphysics1 and other abstract ,science originating in the ,head 7,verstand7 alone1 no ,life-,philosophy 7,lebensphilosophie71 such as this of ,clothes pretends to be1 which originates equally in the ,character 7,gemuth71 and equally speaks thereto1 can attain its significance till the ,character itself is known and seen2 till the ,author's ,view of the ,world 7,weltansicht71 and how he actively and passively came by such view1 are clear3 in short till a ,biography of him has been philosophico-poetically written1 and philosophico-poetically read4444 ,nay1 adds he1 were the speculative scientific ,truth even known1 you still1 in this inquiring age1 ask yourself1 ,whence came it1 and ,why1 and ,how8--and rest not1 till1 if no better may be1 ,fancy have shaped out an answer2 and either in the authentic lineaments of ,fact1 or the forged ones of ,fiction1 a complete picture and ,genetical ,history of the ,man and his spiritual ,endeavor lies before you4 ,but why1 says the ,hofrath1 and indeed say we1 do ,i dilate on the uses of our ,teufelsdrockh's ,biography8 ,the great ,herr ,minister von ,goethe has penetratingly remarked that ,man is properly the only object that interests man3' thus ,i too have noted1 that in ,weissnichtwo our whole conversation is little or nothing else but ,biography or ,autobiography2 ever humano-anecdotical 7menschlich-anekdotisch74 ,biography is by nature the most universally profitable1 universally pleasant of all things3 especially ,biography of distinguished individuals4 ,by this time1 mein ,verehrtester 7my ,most ,esteemed71 continues he1 with an eloquence which1 unless the words be purloined from ,teufelsdrockh1 or some trick of his1 as we suspect1 is well-nigh unaccountable1 by this time you are fairly plunged 7vertieft7 in that mighty forest of ,clothes-,philosophy2 and looking round1 as all readers do1 with astonishment enough4 ,such portions and passages as you have already mastered1 and brought to paper1 could not but awaken a strange curiosity touching the mind they issued from2 the perhaps unparalleled psychical mechanism1 which manufactured such matter1 and emitted it to the light of day4 ,had ,teufelsdrockh also a father and mother2 did he1 at one time1 wear drivel-bibs1 and live on spoon-meat8 ,did he ever1 in rapture and tears1 clasp a friend's bosom to his2 looks he also wistfully into the long burial-aisle of the ,past1 where only winds1 and their low harsh moan1 give inarticulate answer8 ,has he fought duels2--good ,heaven6 how did he comport himself when in ,love8 ,by what singular stair-steps1 in short1 and subterranean passages1 and sloughs of ,despair1 and steep ,pisgah hills1 has he reached this wonderful prophetic ,hebron 7a true ,old-,clothes ,jewry7 where he now dwells8 ,to all these natural questions the voice of public ,history is as yet silent4 ,certain only that he has been1 and is1 a ,pilgrim1 and ,traveller from a far ,country2 more or less footsore and travel-soiled2 has parted with road-companions2 fallen among thieves1 been poisoned by bad cookery1 blistered with bug-bites2 nevertheless1 at every stage 7for they have let him pass71 has had the ,bill to discharge4 ,but the whole particulars of his ,route1 his ,weather-observations1 the picturesque ,sketches he took1 though all regularly jotted down 7in indelible sympathetic-ink by an invisible interior ,penman71 are these nowhere forthcoming8 ,perhaps quite lost3 one other leaf of that mighty ,volume 7of human ,memory7 left to fly abroad1 unprinted1 unpublished1 unbound up1 as waste paper2 and to rot1 the sport of rainy winds8 ,no1 verehrtester ,herr ,herausgeber1 in no wise6 ,i here1 by the unexampled favor you stand in with our ,sage1 send not a ,biography only1 but an ,autobiography3 at least the materials for such2 wherefrom1 if ,i misreckon not1 your perspicacity will draw fullest insight3 and so the whole ,philosophy and ,philosopher of ,clothes will stand clear to the wondering eyes of ,england1 nay thence1 through ,america1 through ,hindostan1 and the antipodal ,new ,holland1 finally conquer 7einnehmen7 great part of this terrestrial ,planet6 ,and now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when1 in place of this same ,autobiography with fullest insight1 we find--,six considerable ,,paper-,,bags1 carefully sealed1 and marked successively1 in gilt ,china-ink1 with the symbols of the ,six southern ,zodiacal ,signs1 beginning at ,libra2 in the inside of which sealed ,bags lie miscellaneous masses of ,sheets1 and oftener ,shreds and ,snips1 written in ,professor ,teufelsdrockh's scarce legible cursiv-schrift2 and treating of all imaginable things under the ,zodiac and above it1 but of his own personal history only at rare intervals1 and then in the most enigmatic manner4 ,whole fascicles there are1 wherein the ,professor1 or1 as he here1 speaking in the third person1 calls himself1 the ,wanderer1 is not once named4 ,then again1 amidst what seems to be a ,metaphysico-theological ,disquisition1 ,detached ,thoughts on the ,steam-engine1 or1 ,the continued ,possibility of ,prophecy1 we shall meet with some quite private1 not unimportant ,biographical fact4 ,on certain sheets stand ,dreams1 authentic or not1 while the circumjacent waking ,actions are omitted4 ,anecdotes1 oftenest without date of place or time1 fly loosely on separate slips1 like ,sibylline leaves4 ,interspersed also are long purely ,autobiographical delineations2 yet without connection1 without recognizable coherence2 so unimportant1 so superfluously minute1 they almost remind us of ,p4,p4 ,clerk of this ,parish4 ,thus does famine of intelligence alternate with waste4 ,selection1 order1 appears to be unknown to the ,professor4 ,in all ,bags the same imbroglio2 only perhaps in the ,bag ,capricorn1 and those near it1 the confusion a little worse confounded4 ,close by a rather eloquent ,oration1 ,on receiving the ,doctor's-,hat1 lie wash-bills1 marked bezahlt 7settled74 ,his ,travels are indicated by the ,street-,advertisements of the various cities he has visited2 of which ,street-,advertisements1 in most living tongues1 here is perhaps the completest collection extant4 ,so that if the ,clothes-,volume itself was too like a ,chaos1 we have now instead of the solar ,luminary that should still it1 the airy ,limbo which by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it6 ,as we shall perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these ,six ,paper-,bags in the ,british ,museum1 farther description1 and all vituperation of them1 may be spared4 ,biography or ,autobiography of ,teufelsdrockh there is1 clearly enough1 none to be gleaned here3 at most some sketchy1 shadowy fugitive likeness of him may1 by unheard-of efforts1 partly of intellect1 partly of imagination1 on the side of ,editor and of ,reader1 rise up between them4 ,only as a gaseous-chaotic ,appendix to that aqueous-chaotic ,volume can the contents of the ,six ,bags hover round us1 and portions thereof be incorporated with our delineation of it4 ,daily and nightly does the ,editor sit 7with green spectacles7 deciphering these unimaginable ,documents from their perplexed cursiv-schrift2 collating them with the almost equally unimaginable ,volume1 which stands in legible print4 ,over such a universal medley of high and low1 of hot1 cold1 moist and dry1 is he here struggling 7by union of like with like1 which is ,method7 to build a firm ,bridge for ,british travellers4 ,never perhaps since our first ,bridge-builders1 ,sin and ,death1 built that stupendous ,arch from ,hell-gate to the ,earth1 did any ,pontifex1 or ,pontiff1 undertake such a task as the present ,editor4 ,for in this ,arch too1 leading1 as we humbly presume1 far otherwards than that grand primeval one1 the materials are to be fished up from the weltering deep1 and down from the simmering air1 here one mass1 there another1 and cunningly cemented1 while the elements boil beneath3 nor is there any supernatural force to do it with2 but simply the ,diligence and feeble thinking ,faculty of an ,english ,editor1 endeavoring to evolve printed ,creation out of a ,german printed and written ,chaos1 wherein1 as he shoots to and fro in it1 gathering1 clutching1 piecing the ,why to the far-distant ,wherefore1 his whole ,faculty and ,self are like to be swallowed up4 ,patiently1 under these incessant toils and agitations1 does the ,editor1 dismissing all anger1 see his otherwise robust health declining2 some fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him1 and little but an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for4 ,what is the use of health1 or of life1 if not to do some work therewith8 ,and what work nobler than transplanting foreign ,thought into the barren domestic soil2 except indeed planting ,thought of your own1 which the fewest are privileged to do8 ,wild as it looks1 this ,philosophy of ,clothes1 can we ever reach its real meaning1 promises to reveal new-coming ,eras1 the first dim rudiments and already-budding germs of a nobler ,era1 in ,universal ,history4 ,is not such a prize worth some striving8 ,forward with us1 courageous reader2 be it towards failure1 or towards success6 ,the latter thou sharest with us2 the former also is not all our own4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,genesis4 ,in a psychological point of view1 it is perhaps questionable whether from birth and genealogy1 how closely scrutinized soever1 much insight is to be gained4 ,nevertheless1 as in every phenomenon the ,beginning remains always the most notable moment2 so1 with regard to any great man1 we rest not till1 for our scientific profit or not1 the whole circumstances of his first appearance in this ,planet1 and what manner of ,public ,entry he made1 are with utmost completeness rendered manifest4 ,to the ,genesis of our ,clothes-,philosopher1 then1 be this ,first ,chapter consecrated4 ,unhappily1 indeed1 he seems to be of quite obscure extraction2 uncertain1 we might almost say1 whether of any3 so that this ,genesis of his can properly be nothing but an ,exodus 7or transit out of ,invisibility into ,visibility72 whereof the preliminary portion is nowhere forthcoming4 ,in the village of ,entepfuhl1 thus writes he1 in the ,bag ,libra1 on various ,papers1 which we arrange with difficulty1 dwelt ,andreas ,futteral and his wife2 childless1 in still seclusion1 and cheerful though now verging towards old age4 ,andreas had been grenadier ,sergeant1 and even regimental ,schoolmaster under ,frederick the ,great2 but now1 quitting the halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook1 cultivated a little ,orchard1 on the produce of which he1 ,cincinnatus-like1 lived not without dignity4 ,fruits1 the peach1 the apple1 the grape1 with other varieties came in their season2 all which ,andreas knew how to sell3 on evenings he smoked largely1 or read 7as beseemed a regimental ,schoolmaster71 and talked to neighbors that would listen about the ,victory of ,rossbach2 and how ,fritz the ,only 7der ,einzige7 had once with his own royal lips spoken to him1 had been pleased to say1 when ,andreas as camp-sentinel demanded the pass-word1 ',schweig ,hund 7,peace1 hound76' before any of his staff-adjutants could answer4 ',das nenn' ich mir einen ,konig1 ,there is what ,i call a ,king1' would ,andreas exclaim3 'but the smoke of ,kunersdorf was still smarting his eyes4' ,gretchen1 the housewife1 won like ,desdemona by the deeds rather than the looks of her now veteran ,othello1 lived not in altogether military subordination2 for1 as ,andreas said1 'the womankind will not drill 7wer kann die ,weiberchen dressiren73' nevertheless she at heart loved him both for valor and wisdom2 to her a ,prussian grenadier ,sergeant and ,regiment's ,schoolmaster was little other than a ,cicero and ,cid3 what you see1 yet cannot see over1 is as good as infinite4 ,nay1 was not ,andreas in very deed a man of order1 courage1 downrightness 7,geradheit72 that understood ,busching's ,geography1 had been in the victory of ,rossbach1 and left for dead in the camisade of ,hochkirch8 ,the good ,gretchen1 for all her fretting1 watched over him and hovered round him as only a true house-mother can3 assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured for him2 so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap1 but the whole habitation and environment1 where on pegs of honor they hung1 looked ever trim and gay3 a roomy painted ,cottage1 embowered in fruit-trees and forest-trees1 evergreens and honeysuckles2 rising many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots1 flowers struggling in through the very windows2 under its long projecting eaves nothing but garden-tools in methodic piles 7to screen them from rain71 and seats where1 especially on summer nights1 a ,king might have wished to sit and smoke1 and call it his4 ,such a ,bauergut 7,copyhold7 had ,gretchen given her veteran2 whose sinewy arms1 and long-disused gardening talent1 had made it what you saw4 ,into this umbrageous ,man's-nest1 one meek yellow evening or dusk1 when the ,sun1 hidden indeed from terrestrial ,entepfuhl1 did nevertheless journey visible and radiant along the celestial ,balance 7,libra71 it was that a ,stranger of reverend aspect entered2 and1 with grave salutation1 stood before the two rather astonished housemates4 ,he was close-muffled in a wide mantle2 which without farther parley unfolding1 he deposited therefrom what seemed some ,basket1 overhung with green ,persian silk2 saying only3 ,ihr lieben ,leute1 hier bringe ein unschatzbares ,verleihen2 nehmt es in aller ,acht1 sorgfaltigst benutzt es3 mit hohem ,lohn1 oder wohl mit schweren ,zinsen1 wird's einst zuruckgefordert4 ',good ,christian people1 here lies for you an invaluable ,loan2 take all heed thereof1 in all carefulness employ it3 with high recompense1 or else with heavy penalty1 will it one day be required back4' ,uttering which singular words1 in a clear1 bell-like1 forever memorable tone1 the ,stranger gracefully withdrew2 and before ,andreas or his wife1 gazing in expectant wonder1 had time to fashion either question or answer1 was clean gone4 ,neither out of doors could aught of him be seen or heard2 he had vanished in the thickets1 in the dusk2 the ,orchard-gate stood quietly closed3 the ,stranger was gone once and always4 ,so sudden had the whole transaction been1 in the autumn stillness and twilight1 so gentle1 noiseless1 that the ,futterals could have fancied it all a trick of ,imagination1 or some visit from an authentic ,spirit4 ,only that the green-silk ,basket1 such as neither ,imagination nor authentic ,spirits are wont to carry1 still stood visible and tangible on their little parlor-table4 ,towards this the astonished couple1 now with lit candle1 hastily turned their attention4 ,lifting the green veil1 to see what invaluable it hid1 they descried there1 amid down and rich white wrappages1 no ,pitt ,diamond or ,hapsburg ,regalia1 but1 in the softest sleep1 a little red-colored ,infant6 ,beside it1 lay a roll of gold ,friedrichs1 the exact amount of which was never publicly known2 also a ,taufschein 7baptismal certificate71 wherein unfortunately nothing but the ,name was decipherable1 other document or indication none whatever4 ,to wonder and conjecture was unavailing1 then and always thenceforth4 ,nowhere in ,entepfuhl1 on the morrow or next day1 did tidings transpire of any such figure as the ,stranger2 nor could the ,traveller1 who had passed through the neighboring ,town in coach-and-four1 be connected with this ,apparition1 except in the way of gratuitous surmise4 ,meanwhile1 for ,andreas and his wife1 the grand practical problem was3 ,what to do with this little sleeping red-colored ,infant8 ,amid amazements and curiosities1 which had to die away without external satisfying1 they resolved1 as in such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must1 on nursing it1 though with spoon-meat1 into whiteness1 and if possible into manhood4 ,the ,heavens smiled on their endeavor3 thus has that same mysterious ,individual ever since had a status for himself in this visible ,universe1 some modicum of victual and lodging and parade-ground2 and now expanded in bulk1 faculty and knowledge of good and evil1 he1 as ,,herr ,,diogenes ,,teufelsdrockh1 professes or is ready to profess1 perhaps not altogether without effect1 in the new ,university of ,weissnichtwo1 the new ,science of ,things in ,general4 ,our ,philosopher declares here1 as indeed we should think he well might1 that these facts1 first communicated1 by the good ,gretchen ,futteral1 ,in his twelfth year1 produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite indelible impression4 ,who this reverend ,personage1 he says1 that glided into the ,orchard ,cottage when the ,sun was in ,libra1 and then1 as on spirit's wings1 glided out again1 might be8 ,an inexpressible desire1 full of love and of sadness1 has often since struggled within me to shape an answer4 ,ever1 in my distresses and my loneliness1 has ,fantasy turned1 full of longing 7sehnsuchtsvoll71 to that unknown ,father1 who perhaps far from me1 perhaps near1 either way invisible1 might have taken me to his paternal bosom1 there to lie screened from many a woe4 ,thou beloved ,father1 dost thou still1 shut out from me only by thin penetrable curtains of earthly ,space1 wend to and fro among the crowd of the living8 ,or art thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the ,everlasting ,night1 or rather of the ,everlasting ,day1 through which my mortal eye and outstretched arms need not strive to reach8 ,alas1 ,i know not1 and in vain vex myself to know4 ,more than once1 heart-deluded1 have ,i taken for thee this and the other noble-looking ,stranger2 and approached him wistfully1 with infinite regard2 but he too had to repel me1 he too was not thou4 ,and yet1 ,o ,man born of ,woman1 cries the ,autobiographer1 with one of his sudden whirls1 wherein is my case peculiar8 ,hadst thou1 any more than ,i1 a ,father whom thou knowest8 ,the ,andreas and ,gretchen1 or the ,adam and ,eve1 who led thee into ,life1 and for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there1 whom thou namest ,father and ,mother2 these were1 like mine1 but thy nursing-father and nursing-mother3 thy true ,beginning and ,father is in ,heaven1 whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold1 but only with the spiritual4444 ,the little green veil1 adds he1 among much similar moralizing1 and embroiled discoursing1 ,i yet keep2 still more inseparably the ,name1 ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh4 ,from the veil can nothing be inferred3 a piece of now quite faded ,persian silk1 like thousands of others4 ,on the ,name ,i have many times meditated and conjectured2 but neither in this lay there any clew4 ,that it was my unknown ,father's name ,i must hesitate to believe4 ,to no purpose have ,i searched through all the ,herald's ,books1 in and without the ,german ,empire1 and through all manner of ,subscriber-,lists 7,pranumeranten71 ,militia-,rolls1 and other ,name-catalogues2 extraordinary names as we have in ,germany1 the name ,teufelsdrockh1 except as appended to my own person1 nowhere occurs4 ,again1 what may the unchristian rather than ,christian ',diogenes' mean8 ,did that reverend ,basket-bearer intend1 by such designation1 to shadow forth my future destiny1 or his own present malign humor8 ,perhaps the latter1 perhaps both4 ,thou ill-starred ,parent1 who like an ,ostrich hadst to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into self-support by the mere sky-influences of ,chance1 can thy pilgrimage have been a smooth one8 ,beset by ,misfortune thou doubtless hast been2 or indeed by the worst figure of ,misfortune1 by ,misconduct4 ,often have ,i fancied how1 in thy hard life-battle1 thou wert shot at1 and slung at1 wounded1 hand-fettered1 hamstrung1 browbeaten and bedevilled by the ,time-,spirit 7,zeitgeist7 in thyself and others1 till the good soul first given thee was seered into grim rage1 and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave in me an indignant appeal to the ,future1 and living speaking ,protest against the ,devil1 as that same ,spirit not of the ,time only1 but of ,time itself1 is well named6 ,which ,appeal and ,protest1 may ,i now modestly add1 was not perhaps quite lost in air4 ,for indeed1 as ,walter ,shandy often insisted1 there is much1 nay almost all1 in ,names4 ,the ,name is the earliest ,garment you wrap round the earth-visiting ,,me2 to which it thenceforth cleaves1 more tenaciously 7for there are ,names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries7 than the very skin4 ,and now from without1 what mystic influences does it not send inwards1 even to the centre2 especially in those plastic first-times1 when the whole soul is yet infantine1 soft1 and the invisible seedgrain will grow to be an all overshadowing tree6 ,names8 ,could ,i unfold the influence of ,names1 which are the most important of all ,clothings1 ,i were a second greater ,trismegistus4 ,not only all common ,speech1 but ,science1 ,poetry itself is no other1 if thou consider it1 than a right ,naming4 ,adam's first task was giving names to natural ,appearances3 what is ours still but a continuation of the same2 be the ,appearances exotic-vegetable1 organic1 mechanic1 stars1 or starry movements 7as in ,science72 or 7as in ,poetry7 passions1 virtues1 calamities1 ,god-attributes1 ,gods8--,in a very plain sense the ,proverb says1 ,call one a thief1 and he will steal2 in an almost similar sense may we not perhaps say1 ,call one ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh1 and he will open the ,philosophy of ,clothes8 ,meanwhile the incipient ,diogenes1 like others1 all ignorant of his ,why1 his ,how or ,whereabout1 was opening his eyes to the kind ,light2 sprawling out his ten fingers and toes2 listening1 tasting1 feeling2 in a word1 by all his ,five ,senses1 still more by his ,sixth ,sense of ,hunger1 and a whole infinitude of inward1 spiritual1 half-awakened ,senses1 endeavoring daily to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange ,universe where he had arrived1 be his task therein what it might4 ,infinite was his progress2 thus in some fifteen months1 he could perform the miracle of--,speech6 ,to breed a fresh ,soul1 is it not like brooding a fresh 7celestial7 ,egg2 wherein as yet all is formless1 powerless2 yet by degrees organic elements and fibres shoot through the watery albumen2 and out of vague ,sensation grows ,thought1 grows ,fantasy and ,force1 and we have ,philosophies1 ,dynasties1 nay ,poetries and ,religions6 ,young ,diogenes1 or rather young ,gneschen1 for by such diminutive had they in their fondness named him1 travelled forward to those high consummations1 by quick yet easy stages4 ,the ,futterals1 to avoid vain talk1 and moreover keep the roll of gold ,friedrichs safe1 gave out that he was a grandnephew2 the orphan of some sister's daughter1 suddenly deceased1 in ,andreas's distant ,prussian birthland2 of whom1 as of her indigent sorrowing widower1 little enough was known at ,entepfuhl4 ,heedless of all which1 the ,nursling took to his spoon-meat1 and throve4 ,i have heard him noted as a still infant1 that kept his mind much to himself2 above all1 that seldom or never cried4 ,he already felt that time was precious2 that he had other work cut out for him than whimpering4 ,such1 after utmost painful search and collation among these miscellaneous ,paper-masses1 is all the notice we can gather of ,herr ,teufelsdrockh's genealogy4 ,more imperfect1 more enigmatic it can seem to few readers than to us4 ,the ,professor1 in whom truly we more and more discern a certain satirical turn1 and deep under-currents of roguish whim1 for the present stands pledged in honor1 so we will not doubt him3 but seems it not conceivable that1 by the good ,gretchen ,futteral1 or some other perhaps interested party1 he has himself been deceived8 ,should these sheets1 translated or not1 ever reach the ,entepfuhl ,circulating ,library1 some cultivated native of that district might feel called to afford explanation4 ,nay1 since ,books1 like invisible scouts1 permeate the whole habitable globe1 and ,timbuctoo itself is not safe from ,british ,literature1 may not some ,copy find out even the mysterious basket-bearing ,stranger1 who in a state of extreme senility perhaps still exists2 and gently force even him to disclose himself2 to claim openly a son1 in whom any father may feel pride8 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,idyllic4 ,,happy season of ,childhood6 exclaims ,teufelsdrockh3 ,kind ,nature1 that art to all a bountiful mother2 that visitest the poor man's hut with auroral radiance2 and for thy ,nursling hast provided a soft swathing of ,love and infinite ,hope1 wherein he waxes and slumbers1 danced round 7umgaukelt7 by sweetest ,dreams6 ,if the paternal ,cottage still shuts us in1 its roof still screens us2 with a ,father we have as yet a prophet1 priest and king1 and an ,obedience that makes us free4 ,the young spirit has awakened out of ,eternity1 and knows not what we mean by ,time2 as yet ,time is no fast-hurrying stream1 but a sportful sunlit ocean2 years to the child are as ages3 ah6 the secret of ,vicissitude1 of that slower or quicker decay and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal ,world-fabric1 from the granite mountain to the man or day-moth1 is yet unknown2 and in a motionless ,universe1 we taste1 what afterwards in this quick-whirling ,universe is forever denied us1 the balm of ,rest4 ,sleep on1 thou fair ,child1 for thy long rough journey is at hand6 ,a little while1 and thou too shalt sleep no more1 but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles2 thou too1 with old ,arnauld1 wilt have to say in stern patience3 ',rest8 ,rest8 ,shall ,i not have all ,eternity to rest in8' ,celestial ,nepenthe6 though a ,pyrrhus conquer empires1 and an ,alexander sack the world1 he finds thee not2 and thou hast once fallen gently1 of thy own accord1 on the eyelids1 on the heart of every mother's child4 ,for as yet1 sleep and waking are one3 the fair ,life-garden rustles infinite around1 and everywhere is dewy fragrance1 and the budding of ,hope2 which budding1 if in youth1 too frost-nipt1 it grow to flowers1 will in manhood yield no fruit1 but a prickly1 bitter-rinded stone-fruit1 of which the fewest can find the kernel4 ,in such rose-colored light does our ,professor1 as ,poets are wont1 look back on his childhood2 the historical details of which 7to say nothing of much other vague oratorical matter7 he accordingly dwells on with an almost wearisome minuteness4 ,we hear of ,entepfuhl standing in trustful derangement among the woody slopes2 the paternal ,orchard flanking it as extreme outpost from below2 the little ,kuhbach gushing kindly by1 among beech-rows1 through river after river1 into the ,donau1 into the ,black ,sea1 into the ,atmosphere and ,universe2 and how the brave old ,linden1 stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius1 overtopping all other rows and clumps1 towered up from the central ,agora and ,campus ,martius of the ,village1 like its ,sacred ,tree2 and how the old men sat talking under its shadow 7,gneschen often greedily listening71 and the wearied laborers reclined1 and the unwearied children sported1 and the young men and maidens often danced to flute-music4 ,glorious summer twilights1 cries ,teufelsdrockh1 when the ,sun1 like a proud ,conqueror and ,imperial ,taskmaster1 turned his back1 with his gold-purple emblazonry1 and all his fireclad bodyguard 7of ,prismatic ,colors72 and the tired brickmakers of this clay ,earth might steal a little frolic1 and those few meek ,stars would not tell of them6 ,then we have long details of the ,weinlesen 7,vintage71 the ,harvest-,home1 ,christmas1 and so forth2 with a whole cycle of the ,entepfuhl ,children's-games1 differing apparently by mere superficial shades from those of other countries4 ,concerning all which1 we shall here1 for obvious reasons1 say nothing4 ,what cares the world for our as yet miniature ,philosopher's achievements under that brave old ,linden 8 ,or even where is the use of such practical reflections as the following8 ,in all the sports of ,children1 were it only in their wanton breakages and defacements1 you shall discern a creative instinct 7schaffenden ,trieb73 the ,mankin feels that he is a born ,man1 that his vocation is to work4 ,the choicest present you can make him is a ,tool2 be it knife or pen-gun1 for construction or for destruction2 either way it is for ,work1 for ,change4 ,in gregarious sports of skill or strength1 the ,boy trains himself to ,co-operation1 for war or peace1 as governor or governed3 the little ,maid again1 provident of her domestic destiny1 takes with preference to ,dolls4 ,perhaps1 however1 we may give this anecdote1 considering who it is that relates it3 ,my first short-clothes were of yellow serge2 or rather1 ,i should say1 my first short-cloth1 for the vesture was one and indivisible1 reaching from neck to ankle1 a mere body with four limbs3 of which fashion how little could ,i then divine the architectural1 how much less the moral significance6 ,more graceful is the following little picture3 ,on fine evenings ,i was wont to carry forth my supper 7bread-crumb boiled in milk71 and eat it out-of-doors4 ,on the coping of the ,orchard-wall1 which ,i could reach by climbing1 or still more easily if ,father ,andreas would set up the pruning-ladder1 my porringer was placed3 there1 many a sunset1 have ,i1 looking at the distant western ,mountains1 consumed1 not without relish1 my evening meal4 ,those hues of gold and azure1 that hush of ,world's expectation as ,day died1 were still a ,hebrew ,speech for me2 nevertheless ,i was looking at the fair illuminated ,letters1 and had an eye for their gilding4 ,with the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry we shall not much intermeddle4 ,it may be that hereby he acquired a certain deeper sympathy with animated ,nature3 but when1 we would ask1 saw any man1 in a collection of ,biographical ,documents1 such a piece as this3 ,impressive enough 7bedeutungsvoll7 was it to hear1 in early morning1 the ,swineherd's horn2 and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds were1 on all sides1 starting in hot haste to join him1 for breakfast on the ,heath4 ,or to see them at eventide1 all marching in again1 with short squeak1 almost in military order2 and each1 topographically correct1 trotting off in succession to the right or left1 through its own lane1 to its own dwelling2 till old ,kunz1 at the ,village-head1 now left alone1 blew his last blast1 and retired for the night4 ,we are wont to love the ,hog chiefly in the form of ,ham2 yet did not these bristly thick-skinned beings here manifest intelligence1 perhaps humor of character2 at any rate1 a touching1 trustful submissiveness to ,man1--who1 were he but a ,swineherd1 in darned gabardine1 and leather breeches more resembling slate or discolored-tin breeches1 is still the ,hierarch of this lower world8 ,it is maintained1 by ,helvetius and his set1 that an infant of genius is quite the same as any other infant1 only that certain surprisingly favorable influences accompany him through life1 especially through childhood1 and expand him1 while others lie close-folded and continue dunces4 ,herein1 say they1 consists the whole difference between an inspired ,prophet and a double-barrelled ,game-preserver3 the inner man of the one has been fostered into generous development2 that of the other1 crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion1 and the like1 has exuded and evaporated1 or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at the bottom of his stomach4 ,with which opinion1 cries ,teufelsdrockh1 ,i should as soon agree as with this other1 that an acorn might1 by favorable or unfavorable influences of soil and climate1 be nursed into a cabbage1 or the cabbage-seed into an oak4 ,nevertheless1 continues he1 ,i too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence of early culture and nurture3 hereby we have either a doddered dwarf bush1 or a high-towering1 wide-shadowing tree2 either a sick yellow cabbage1 or an edible luxuriant green one4 ,of a truth1 it is the duty of all men1 especially of all philosophers1 to note down with accuracy the characteristic circumstances of their ,education1 what furthered1 what hindered1 what in any way modified it3 to which duty1 nowadays so pressing for many a ,german ,autobiographer1 ,i also zealously address myself4--,thou rogue6 ,is it by short clothes of yellow serge1 and swineherd horns1 that an infant of genius is educated8 ,and yet1 as usual1 it ever remains doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at these ,autobiographical times of ours1 or writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude4 ,for he continues3 ,if among the ever-streaming currents of ,sights1 ,hearings1 ,feelings for ,pain or ,pleasure1 whereby1 as in a ,magic ,hall1 young ,gneschen went about environed1 ,i might venture to select and specify1 perhaps these following were also of the number3 ,doubtless1 as childish sports call forth ,intellect1 ,activity1 so the young creature's ,imagination was stirred up1 and a ,historical tendency given him by the narrative habits of ,father ,andreas2 who1 with his battle-reminiscences1 and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect1 could not but appear another ,ulysses and 'much-enduring ,man4' ,eagerly ,i hung upon his tales1 when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth2 from these perils and these travels1 wild and far almost as ,hades itself1 a dim world of ,adventure expanded itself within me4 ,incalculable also was the knowledge ,i acquired in standing by the ,old ,men under the ,linden-tree3 the whole of ,immensity was yet new to me2 and had not these reverend seniors1 talkative enough1 been employed in partial surveys thereof for nigh fourscore years8 ,with amazement ,i began to discover that ,entepfuhl stood in the middle of a ,country1 of a ,world2 that there was such a thing as ,history1 as ,biography to which ,i also1 one day1 by hand and tongue1 might contribute4 ,in a like sense worked the ,postwagen 7,stage-coach71 which1 slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage1 wended through our ,village3 northwards1 truly1 in the dead of night2 yet southwards visibly at eventide4 ,not till my eighth year did ,i reflect that this ,postwagen could be other than some terrestrial ,moon1 rising and setting by mere ,law of ,nature1 like the heavenly one2 that it came on made highways1 from far cities towards far cities2 weaving them like a monstrous shuttle into closer and closer union4 ,it was then that1 independently of ,schiller's ,wilhelm ,tell1 ,i made this not quite insignificant reflection 7so true also in spiritual things73 ,any road1 this simple ,entepfuhl road1 will lead you to the end of the ,world6 ,why mention our ,swallows1 which1 out of far ,africa1 as ,i learned1 threading their way over seas and mountains1 corporate cities and belligerent nations1 yearly found themselves with the month of ,may1 snug-lodged in our ,cottage ,lobby8 ,the hospitable ,father 7for cleanliness' sake7 had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest3 there they built1 and caught flies1 and twittered1 and bred2 and all1 ,i chiefly1 from the heart loved them4 ,bright1 nimble creatures1 who taught you the mason-craft2 nay1 stranger still1 gave you a masonic incorporation1 almost social police8 ,for if1 by ill chance1 and when time pressed1 your ,house fell1 have ,i not seen five neighborly ,helpers appear next day2 and swashing to and fro1 with animated1 loud1 long-drawn chirpings1 and activity almost super-hirundine1 complete it again before nightfall8 ,but undoubtedly the grand summary of ,entepfuhl child's culture1 where as in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and simultaneously poured down on us1 was the annual ,cattle-fair4 ,here1 assembling from all the four winds1 came the elements of an unspeakable hurry-burly4 ,nut-brown maids and nut-brown men1 all clear-washed1 loud-laughing1 bedizened and beribanded2 who came for dancing1 for treating1 and if possible1 for happiness4 ,topbooted ,graziers from the ,north2 ,swiss ,brokers1 ,italian ,drovers1 also topbooted1 from the ,south2 these with their subalterns in leather jerkins1 leather skull-caps1 and long ox-goads2 shouting in half-articulate speech1 amid the inarticulate barking and bellowing4 ,apart stood ,potters from far ,saxony1 with their crockery in fair rows2 ,nurnberg ,pedlers1 in booths that to me seemed richer than ,ormuz bazaars2 ,showmen from the ,lago ,maggiore2 detachments of the ,wiener ,schub 7,offscourings of ,vienna7 vociferously superintending games of chance4 ,ballad-singers brayed1 ,auctioneers grew hoarse2 cheap ,new ,wine 7heuriger7 flowed like water1 still worse confounding the confusion2 and high over all1 vaulted1 in ground-and-lofty tumbling1 a particolored ,merry-,andrew1 like the genius of the place and of ,life itself4 ,thus encircled by the mystery of ,existence2 under the deep heavenly ,firmament2 waited on by the four golden ,seasons1 with their vicissitudes of contribution1 for even grim ,winter brought its skating-matches and shooting-matches1 its snow-storms and ,christmas-carols1--did the ,child sit and learn4 ,these things were the ,alphabet1 whereby in aftertime he was to syllable and partly read the grand ,volume of the ,world3 what matters it whether such ,alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small ungilt ones1 so you have an eye to read it8 ,for ,gneschen1 eager to learn1 the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded all3 his existence was a bright1 soft element of ,joy2 out of which1 as in ,prospero's ,island1 wonder after wonder bodied itself forth1 to teach by charming4 ,nevertheless1 ,i were but a vain dreamer to say1 that even then my felicity was perfect4 ,i had1 once for all1 come down from ,heaven into the ,earth4 ,among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon1 lay even in childhood a dark ring of ,care1 as yet no thicker than a thread1 and often quite overshone2 yet always it reappeared1 nay ever waxing broader and broader2 till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy1 and threatened to engulf me in final night4 ,it was the ring of ,necessity whereby we are all begirt2 happy he for whom a kind heavenly ,sun brightens it into a ring of ,duty1 and plays round it with beautiful prismatic diffractions2 yet ever1 as basis and as bourn for our whole being1 it is there4 ,for the first few years of our terrestrial ,apprenticeship1 we have not much work to do2 but1 boarded and lodged gratis1 are set down mostly to look about us over the workshop1 and see others work1 till we have understood the tools a little1 and can handle this and that4 ,if good ,passivity alone1 and not good ,passivity and good ,activity together1 were the thing wanted1 then was my early position favorable beyond the most4 ,in all that respects openness of ,sense1 affectionate ,temper1 ingenuous ,curiosity1 and the fostering of these1 what more could ,i have wished8 ,on the other side1 however1 things went not so well4 ,my ,active ,power 7,thatkraft7 was unfavorably hemmed in2 of which misfortune how many traces yet abide with me6 ,in an orderly house1 where the litter of children's sports is hateful enough1 your training is too stoical2 rather to bear and forbear than to make and do4 ,i was forbid much3 wishes in any measure bold ,i had to renounce2 everywhere a strait bond of ,obedience inflexibly held me down4 ,thus already ,freewill often came in painful collision with ,necessity2 so that my tears flowed1 and at seasons the ,child itself might taste that root of bitterness1 wherewith the whole fruitage of our life is mingled and tempered4 ,in which habituation to ,obedience1 truly1 it was beyond measure safer to err by excess than by defect4 ,obedience is our universal duty and destiny2 wherein whoso will not bend must break3 too early and too thoroughly we cannot be trained to know that ,would1 in this world of ours1 is as mere zero to ,should1 and for most part as the smallest of fractions even to ,shall4 ,hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly ,discretion1 nay of ,morality itself4 ,let me not quarrel with my upbringing4 ,it was rigorous1 too frugal1 compressively secluded1 every way unscientific3 yet in that very strictness and domestic solitude might there not lie the root of deeper earnestness1 of the stem from which all noble fruit must grow8 ,above all1 how unskilful soever1 it was loving1 it was well-meant1 honest2 whereby every deficiency was helped4 ,my kind ,mother1 for as such ,i must ever love the good ,gretchen1 did me one altogether invaluable service3 she taught me1 less indeed by word than by act and daily reverent look and habitude1 her own simple version of the ,christian ,faith4 ,andreas too attended ,church2 yet more like a parade-duty1 for which he in the other world expected pay with arrears1--as1 ,i trust1 he has received2 but my ,mother1 with a true woman's heart1 and fine though uncultivated sense1 was in the strictest acceptation ,religious4 ,how indestructibly the ,good grows1 and propagates itself1 even among the weedy entanglements of ,evil6 ,the highest whom ,i knew on ,earth ,i here saw bowed down1 with awe unspeakable1 before a ,higher in ,heaven3 such things1 especially in infancy1 reach inwards to the very core of your being2 mysteriously does a ,holy of ,holies build itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps2 and ,reverence1 the divinest in man1 springs forth undying from its mean envelopment of ,fear4 ,wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew1 were it never so rudely1 there was a ,god in ,heaven and in ,man2 or a duke's son that only knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the family-coach8 ,to which last question we must answer3 ,beware1 ,o ,teufelsdrockh1 of spiritual pride6 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,pedagogy4 ,hitherto we see young ,gneschen1 in his indivisible case of yellow serge1 borne forward mostly on the arms of kind ,nature alone2 seated1 indeed1 and much to his mind1 in the terrestrial workshop1 but 7except his soft hazel eyes1 which we doubt not already gleamed with a still intelligence7 called upon for little voluntary movement there4 ,hitherto1 accordingly1 his aspect is rather generic1 that of an incipient ,philosopher and ,poet in the abstract2 perhaps it would puzzle ,herr ,heuschrecke himself to say wherein the special ,doctrine of ,clothes is as yet foreshadowed or betokened4 ,for with ,gneschen1 as with others1 the ,man may indeed stand pictured in the ,boy 7at least all the pigments are there72 yet only some half of the ,man stands in the ,child1 or young ,boy1 namely1 his ,passive endowment1 not his ,active4 ,the more impatient are we to discover what figure he cuts in this latter capacity2 how1 when1 to use his own words1 he understands the tools a little1 and can handle this or that1 he will proceed to handle it4 ,here1 however1 may be the place to state that1 in much of our ,philosopher's history1 there is something of an almost ,hindoo character3 nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent ,passivity of his1 which1 with no free development of the antagonist ,activity1 distinguished his childhood1 we may detect the rudiments of much that1 in after days1 and still in these present days1 astonishes the world4 ,for the shallow-sighted1 ,teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without ,activity of any kind1 a ,no-man2 for the deep-sighted1 again1 a man with ,activity almost superabundant1 yet so spiritual1 close-hidden1 enigmatic1 that no mortal can foresee its explosions1 or even when it has exploded1 so much as ascertain its significance4 ,a dangerous1 difficult temper for the modern ,european2 above all1 disadvantageous in the hero of a ,biography6 ,now as heretofore it will behoove the ,editor of these pages1 were it never so unsuccessfully1 to do his endeavor4 ,among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man1 especially a man of letters1 gets to handle1 are his ,class-books4 ,on this portion of his ,history1 ,teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent4 ,reading he cannot remember ever to have learned2 so perhaps had it by nature4 ,he says generally3 ,of the insignificant portion of my ,education1 which depended on ,schools1 there need almost no notice be taken4 ,i learned what others learn2 and kept it stored by in a corner of my head1 seeing as yet no manner of use in it4 ,my ,schoolmaster1 a down-bent1 broken-hearted1 underfoot martyr1 as others of that guild are1 did little for me1 except discover that he could do little3 he1 good soul1 pronounced me a genius1 fit for the learned professions2 and that ,i must be sent to the ,gymnasium1 and one day to the ,university4 ,meanwhile1 what printed thing soever ,i could meet with ,i read4 ,my very copper pocket-money ,i laid out on stall-literature2 which1 as it accumulated1 ,i with my own hands sewed into volumes4 ,by this means was the young head furnished with a considerable miscellany of things and shadows of things3 ,history in authentic fragments lay mingled with ,fabulous chimeras1 wherein also was reality2 and the whole not as dead stuff1 but as living pabulum1 tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic4 ,that the ,entepfuhl ,schoolmaster judged well1 we now know4 ,indeed1 already in the youthful ,gneschen1 with all his outward stillness1 there may have been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much2 symptoms of a spirit singularly open1 thoughtful1 almost poetical4 ,thus1 to say nothing of his ,suppers on the ,orchard-wall1 and other phenomena of that earlier period1 have many readers of these pages stumbled1 in their twelfth year1 on such reflections as the following8 ,it struck me much1 as ,i sat by the ,kuhbach1 one silent noontide1 and watched it flowing1 gurgling1 to think how this same streamlet had flowed and gurgled1 through all changes of weather and of fortune1 from beyond the earliest date of ,history4 ,yes1 probably on the morning when ,joshua forded ,jordan2 even as at the mid-day when ,caesar1 doubtless with difficulty1 swam the ,nile1 yet kept his ,commentaries dry1--this little ,kuhbach1 assiduous as ,tiber1 ,eurotas or ,siloa1 was murmuring on across the wilderness1 as yet unnamed1 unseen3 here1 too1 as in the ,euphrates and the ,ganges1 is a vein or veinlet of the grand ,world-circulation of ,waters1 which1 with its atmospheric arteries1 has lasted and lasts simply with the ,world4 ,thou fool6 ,nature alone is antique1 and the oldest art a mushroom2 that idle crag thou sittest on is six thousand years of age4 ,in which little thought1 as in a little fountain1 may there not lie the beginning of those well-nigh unutterable meditations on the grandeur and mystery of ,,time1 and its relation to ,,eternity1 which play such a part in this ,philosophy of ,clothes8 ,over his ,gymnasic and ,academic years the ,professor by no means lingers so lyrical and joyful as over his childhood4 ,green sunny tracts there are still2 but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears1 here and there stagnating into sour marshes of discontent4 ,with my first view of the ,hinterschlag ,gymnasium1 writes he1 my evil days began4 ,well do ,i still remember the red sunny ,whitsuntide morning1 when1 trotting full of hope by the side of ,father ,andreas1 ,i entered the main street of the place1 and saw its steeple-clock 7then striking ,eight7 and ,schuldthurm 7,jail71 and the aproned or disaproned ,burghers moving in to breakfast3 a little dog1 in mad terror1 was rushing past2 for some human imps had tied a tin kettle to its tail2 thus did the agonized creature1 loud-jingling1 career through the whole length of the ,borough1 and become notable enough4 ,fit emblem of many a ,conquering ,hero1 to whom ,fate 7wedding ,fantasy to ,sense1 as it often elsewhere does7 has malignantly appended a tin kettle of ,ambition1 to chase him on2 which the faster he runs1 urges him the faster1 the more loudly and more foolishly6 ,fit emblem also of much that awaited myself1 in that mischievous ,den2 as in the ,world1 whereof it was a portion and epitome6 ,alas1 the kind beech-rows of ,entepfuhl were hidden in the distance3 ,i was among strangers1 harshly1 at best indifferently1 disposed towards me2 the young heart felt1 for the first time1 quite orphaned and alone4 ,his school-fellows1 as is usual1 persecuted him3 ,they were ,boys1 he says1 mostly rude ,boys1 and obeyed the impulse of rude ,nature1 which bids the deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart1 the duck-flock put to death any broken-winged brother or sister1 and on all hands the strong tyrannize over the weak4 ,he admits that though perhaps in an unusual degree morally courageous1 he succeeded ill in battle1 and would fain have avoided it2 a result1 as would appear1 owing less to his small personal stature 7for in passionate seasons he was incredibly nimble71 than to his virtuous principles3 if it was disgraceful to be beaten1 says he1 it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as fought2 thus was ,i drawn two ways at once1 and in this important element of school-history1 the war-element1 had little but sorrow4 ,on the whole1 that same excellent ,passivity1 so notable in ,teufelsdrockh's childhood1 is here visibly enough again getting nourishment4 ,he wept often2 indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed ,der ,weinende 7the ,tearful71 which epithet1 till towards his thirteenth year1 was indeed not quite unmerited4 ,only at rare intervals did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage1 and1 with a stormfulness 7,ungestum7 under which the boldest quailed1 assert that he too had ,rights of ,man1 or at least of ,mankin4 ,in all which1 who does not discern a fine flower-tree and cinnamon-tree 7of genius7 nigh choked among pumpkins1 reed-grass and ignoble shrubs2 and forced if it would live1 to struggle upwards only1 and not outwards2 into a height quite sickly1 and disproportioned to its breadth8 ,we find1 moreover1 that his ,greek and ,latin were mechanically taught2 ,hebrew scarce even mechanically2 much else which they called ,history1 ,cosmography1 ,philosophy1 and so forth1 no better than not at all4 ,so that1 except inasmuch as ,nature was still busy2 and he himself went about1 as was of old his wont1 among the ,craftsmen's workshops1 there learning many things2 and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading1 in ,hans ,wachtel the ,cooper's house1 where he lodged1--his time1 it would appear1 was utterly wasted4 ,which facts the ,professor has not yet learned to look upon with any contentment4 ,indeed1 throughout the whole of this ,bag ,scorpio1 where we now are1 and often in the following ,bag1 he shows himself unusually animated on the matter of ,education1 and not without some touch of what we might presume to be anger4 ,my ,teachers1 says he1 were hide-bound ,pedants1 without knowledge of man's nature1 or of boy's2 or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly account-books4 ,innumerable dead ,vocables 7no dead ,language1 for they themselves knew no ,language7 they crammed into us1 and called it fostering the growth of mind4 ,how can an inanimate1 mechanical ,gerund-grinder1 the like of whom will1 in a subsequent century1 be manufactured at ,nurnberg out of wood and leather1 foster the growth of anything2 much more of ,mind1 which grows1 not like a vegetable 7by having its roots littered with etymological compost71 but like a spirit1 by mysterious contact of ,spirit2 ,thought kindling itself at the fire of living ,thought8 ,how shall he give kindling1 in whose own inward man there is no live coal1 but all is burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder8 ,the ,hinterschlag ,professors knew syntax enough2 and of the human soul thus much3 that it had a faculty called ,memory1 and could be acted on through the muscular integument by appliance of birch-rods4 ,alas1 so is it everywhere1 so will it ever be2 till the ,hod-man is discharged1 or reduced to hod-bearing2 and an ,architect is hired1 and on all hands fitly encouraged3 till communities and individuals discover1 not without surprise1 that fashioning the souls of a generation by ,knowledge can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by ,gunpowder2 that with ,generals and ,field-marshals for killing1 there should be world-honored ,dignitaries1 and were it possible1 true ,god-ordained ,priests1 for teaching4 ,but as yet1 though the ,soldier wears openly1 and even parades1 his butchering-tool1 nowhere1 far as ,i have travelled1 did the ,schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool3 nay1 were he to walk abroad with birch girt on thigh1 as if he therefrom expected honor1 would there not1 among the idler class1 perhaps a certain levity be excited8 ,in the third year of this ,gymnasic period1 ,father ,andreas seems to have died3 the young ,scholar1 otherwise so maltreated1 saw himself for the first time clad outwardly in sables1 and inwardly in quite inexpressible melancholy4 ,the dark bottomless ,abyss1 that lies under our feet1 had yawned open2 the pale kingdoms of ,death1 with all their innumerable silent nations and generations1 stood before him2 the inexorable word1 ,,never6 now first showed its meaning4 ,my ,mother wept1 and her sorrow got vent2 but in my heart there lay a whole lake of tears1 pent up in silent desolation4 ,nevertheless the unworn ,spirit is strong2 ,life is so healthful that it even finds nourishment in ,death3 these stern experiences1 planted down by ,memory in my ,imagination1 rose there to a whole cypress-forest1 sad but beautiful2 waving1 with not unmelodious sighs1 in dark luxuriance1 in the hottest sunshine1 through long years of youth3--as in manhood also it does1 and will do2 for ,i have now pitched my tent under a ,cypress-tree2 the ,tomb is now my inexpugnable ,fortress1 ever close by the gate of which ,i look upon the hostile armaments1 and pains and penalties of tyrannous ,life placidly enough1 and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still smile4 ,o ye loved ones1 that already sleep in the noiseless ,bed of ,rest1 whom in life ,i could only weep for and never help2 and ye1 who wide-scattered still toil lonely in the monster-bearing ,desert1 dyeing the flinty ground with your blood1--yet a little while1 and we shall all meet ,,there1 and our ,mother's bosom will screen us all2 and ,oppression's harness1 and ,sorrow's fire-whip1 and all the ,gehenna ,bailiffs that patrol and inhabit ever-vexed ,time1 cannot thenceforth harm us any more6 ,close by which rather beautiful apostrophe1 lies a labored ,character of the deceased ,andreas ,futteral2 of his natural ability1 his deserts in life 7as ,prussian ,sergeant72 with long historical inquiries into the genealogy of the ,futteral ,family1 here traced back as far as ,henry the ,fowler3 the whole of which we pass over1 not without astonishment4 ,it only concerns us to add1 that now was the time when ,mother ,gretchen revealed to her foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred2 or indeed of any kindred1 having come into historical existence in the way already known to us4 ,thus was ,i doubly orphaned1 says he2 bereft not only of ,possession1 but even of ,remembrance4 ,sorrow and ,wonder1 here suddenly united1 could not but produce abundant fruit4 ,such a disclosure1 in such a season1 struck its roots through my whole nature3 ever till the years of mature manhood1 it mingled with my whole thoughts1 was as the stem whereon all my day-dreams and night-dreams grew4 ,a certain poetic elevation1 yet also a corresponding civic depression1 it naturally imparted3 ,i was like no other2 in which fixed idea1 leading sometimes to highest1 and oftener to frightfullest results1 may there not lie the first spring of tendencies1 which in my ,life have become remarkable enough8 ,as in birth1 so in action1 speculation1 and social position1 my fellows are perhaps not numerous4 ,in the ,bag ,sagittarius1 as we at length discover1 ,teufelsdrockh has become a ,university man2 though how1 when1 or of what quality1 will nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty4 ,few things1 in the way of confusion and capricious indistinctness1 can now surprise our readers2 not even the total want of dates1 almost without parallel in a ,biographical work4 ,so enigmatic1 so chaotic we have always found1 and must always look to find1 these scattered ,leaves4 ,in ,sagittarius1 however1 ,teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than usually ,sibylline3 fragments of all sorts3 scraps of regular ,memoir1 ,college-,exercises1 ,programs1 ,professional ,testimoniums1 ,milkscores1 torn ,billets1 sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast2 all blown together as if by merest chance1 henceforth bewilder the sane ,historian4 ,to combine any picture of these ,university1 and the subsequent1 years2 much more1 to decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the ,clothes-,philosophy1 becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine4 ,so much we can see2 darkly1 as through the foliage of some wavering thicket3 a youth of no common endowment1 who has passed happily through ,childhood1 less happily yet still vigorously through ,boyhood1 now at length perfect in dead vocables1 and set down1 as he hopes1 by the living ,fountain1 there to superadd ,ideas and ,capabilities4 ,from such ,fountain he draws1 diligently1 thirstily1 yet never or seldom with his whole heart1 for the water nowise suits his palate2 discouragements1 entanglements1 aberrations are discoverable or supposable4 ,nor perhaps are even pecuniary distresses wanting2 for the good ,gretchen1 who in spite of advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him hither1 must after a time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand4 ,nevertheless in an atmosphere of ,poverty and manifold ,chagrin1 the ,humor of that young ,soul1 what character is in him1 first decisively reveals itself2 and1 like strong sunshine in weeping skies1 gives out variety of colors1 some of which are prismatic4 ,thus1 with the aid of ,time and of what ,time brings1 has the stripling ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh waxed into manly stature2 and into so questionable an aspect1 that we ask with new eagerness1 ,how he specially came by it1 and regret anew that there is no more explicit answer4 ,certain of the intelligible and partially significant fragments1 which are few in number1 shall be extracted from that ,limbo of a ,paper-bag1 and presented with the usual preparation4 ,as if1 in the ,bag ,scorpio1 ,teufelsdrockh had not already expectorated his antipedagogic spleen2 as if1 from the name ,sagittarius1 he had thought himself called upon to shoot arrows1 we here again fall in with such matter as this3 ,the ,university where ,i was educated still stands vivid enough in my remembrance1 and ,i know its name well2 which name1 however1 ,i1 from tenderness to existing interests and persons1 shall in nowise divulge4 ,it is my painful duty to say that1 out of ,england and ,spain1 ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered ,universities4 ,this is indeed a time when right ,education is1 as nearly as may be1 impossible3 however1 in degrees of wrongness there is no limit3 nay1 ,i can conceive a worse system than that of the ,nameless itself2 as poisoned victual may be worse than absolute hunger4 ,it is written1 ,when the blind lead the blind1 both shall fall into the ditch3 wherefore1 in such circumstances1 may it not sometimes be safer1 if both leader and led simply--sit still8 ,had you1 anywhere in ,crim ,tartary1 walled in a square enclosure2 furnished it with a small1 ill-chosen ,library2 and then turned loose into it eleven hundred ,christian striplings1 to tumble about as they listed1 from three to seven years3 certain persons1 under the title of ,professors1 being stationed at the gates1 to declare aloud that it was a ,university1 and exact considerable admission-fees1--you had1 not indeed in mechanical structure1 yet in spirit and result1 some imperfect resemblance of our ,high ,seminary4 ,i say1 imperfect2 for if our mechanical structure was quite other1 so neither was our result altogether the same3 unhappily1 we were not in ,crim ,tartary1 but in a corrupt ,european city1 full of smoke and sin2 moreover1 in the middle of a ,public1 which1 without far costlier apparatus than that of the ,square ,enclosure1 and ,declaration aloud1 you could not be sure of gulling4 ,gullible1 however1 by fit apparatus1 all ,publics are2 and gulled1 with the most surprising profit4 ,towards anything like a ,statistics of ,imposture1 indeed1 little as yet has been done3 with a strange indifference1 our ,economists1 nigh buried under ,tables for minor ,branches of ,industry1 have altogether overlooked the grand all-overtopping ,hypocrisy ,branch2 as if our whole arts of ,puffery1 of ,quackery1 ,priestcraft1 ,kingcraft1 and the innumerable other crafts and mysteries of that genus1 had not ranked in ,productive ,industry at all6 ,can any one1 for example1 so much as say1 ,what moneys1 in ,literature and ,shoeblacking1 are realized by actual ,instruction and actual jet ,polish2 what by fictitious-persuasive ,proclamation of such2 specifying1 in distinct items1 the distributions1 circulations1 disbursements1 incomings of said moneys1 with the smallest approach to accuracy8 ,but to ask1 ,how far1 in all the several infinitely complected departments of social business1 in government1 education1 in manual1 commercial1 intellectual fabrication of every sort1 man's ,want is supplied by true ,ware2 how far by the mere ,appearance of true ,ware3--in other words1 ,to what extent1 by what methods1 with what effects1 in various times and countries1 ,deception takes the place of wages of ,performance3 here truly is an ,inquiry big with results for the future time1 but to which hitherto only the vaguest answer can be given4 ,if for the present1 in our ,europe1 we estimate the ratio of ,ware to ,appearance of ,ware so high even as at ,one to a ,hundred 7which1 considering the ,wages of a ,pope1 ,russian ,autocrat1 or ,english ,game-,preserver1 is probably not far from the mark71--what almost prodigious saving may there not be anticipated1 as the ,statistics of ,imposture advances1 and so the manufacturing of ,shams 7that of ,realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction therefrom7 gradually declines1 and at length becomes all but wholly unnecessary6 ,this for the coming golden ages4 ,what ,i had to remark1 for the present brazen one1 is1 that in several provinces1 as in ,education1 ,polity1 ,religion1 where so much is wanted and indispensable1 and so little can as yet be furnished1 probably ,imposture is of sanative1 anodyne nature1 and man's ,gullibility not his worst blessing4 ,suppose your sinews of war quite broken2 ,i mean your military chest insolvent1 forage all but exhausted2 and that the whole army is about to mutiny1 disband1 and cut your and each other's throat1--then were it not well could you1 as if by miracle1 pay them in any sort of fairy-money1 feed them on coagulated water1 or mere imagination of meat2 whereby1 till the real supply came up1 they might be kept together and quiet8 ,such perhaps was the aim of ,nature1 who does nothing without aim1 in furnishing her favorite1 ,man1 with this his so omnipotent or rather omnipatient ,talent of being ,gulled4 ,how beautifully it works1 with a little mechanism2 nay1 almost makes mechanism for itself6 ,these ,professors in the ,nameless lived with ease1 with safety1 by a mere ,reputation1 constructed in past times1 and then too with no great effort1 by quite another class of persons4 ,which ,reputation1 like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel1 sunk into the general current1 bade fair1 with only a little annual re-painting on their part1 to hold long together1 and of its own accord assiduously grind for them4 ,happy that it was so1 for the ,millers6 ,they themselves needed not to work2 their attempts at working1 at what they called ,educating1 now when ,i look back on it1 fill me with a certain mute admiration4 ,besides all this1 we boasted ourselves a ,rational ,university2 in the highest degree hostile to ,mysticism2 thus was the young vacant mind furnished with much talk about ,progress of the ,species1 ,dark ,ages1 ,prejudice1 and the like2 so that all were quickly enough blown out into a state of windy argumentativeness2 whereby the better sort had soon to end in sick1 impotent ,scepticism2 the worser sort explode 7crepiren7 in finished ,self-conceit1 and to all spiritual intents become dead4--,but this too is portion of mankind's lot4 ,if our era is the ,era of ,unbelief1 why murmur under it2 is there not a better coming1 nay come8 ,as in long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole1 must the period of ,faith alternate with the period of ,denial2 must the vernal growth1 the summer luxuriance of all ,opinions1 ,spiritual ,representations and ,creations1 be followed by1 and again follow1 the autumnal decay1 the winter dissolution4 ,for man lives in ,time1 has his whole earthly being1 endeavor and destiny shaped for him by ,time3 only in the transitory ,time-,symbol is the ever-motionless ,eternity we stand on made manifest4 ,and yet1 in such winter-seasons of ,denial1 it is for the nobler-minded perhaps a comparative misery to have been born1 and to be awake and work2 and for the duller a felicity1 if1 like hibernating animals1 safe-lodged in some ,salamanca ,university or ,sybaris ,city1 or other superstitious or voluptuous ,castle of ,indolence1 they can slumber through1 in stupid dreams1 and only awaken when the loud-roaring hailstorms have all alone their work1 and to our prayers and martyrdoms the new ,spring has been vouchsafed4 ,that in the environment1 here mysteriously enough shadowed forth1 ,teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease1 cannot be doubtful4 ,the hungry young1 he says1 looked up to their spiritual ,nurses2 and1 for food1 were bidden eat the east-wind4 ,what vain jargon of controversial ,metaphysic1 ,etymology1 and mechanical ,manipulation falsely named ,science1 was current there1 ,i indeed learned1 better perhaps than the most4 ,among eleven hundred ,christian youths1 there will not be wanting some eleven eager to learn4 ,by collision with such1 a certain warmth1 a certain polish was communicated2 by instinct and happy accident1 ,i took less to rioting 7renommiren71 than to thinking and reading1 which latter also ,i was free to do4 ,nay from the chaos of that ,library1 ,i succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps than had been known to the very keepers thereof4 ,the foundation of a ,literary ,life was hereby laid3 ,i learned1 on my own strength1 to read fluently in almost all cultivated languages1 on almost all subjects and sciences2 farther1 as man is ever the prime object to man1 already it was my favorite employment to read character in speculation1 and from the ,writing to construe the ,writer4 ,a certain groundplan of ,human ,nature and ,life began to fashion itself in me2 wondrous enough1 now when ,i look back on it2 for my whole ,universe1 physical and spiritual1 was as yet a ,machine6 ,however1 such a conscious1 recognized groundplan1 the truest ,i had1 was beginning to be there1 and by additional experiments might be corrected and indefinitely extended4 ,thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth2 thus in the destitution of the wild desert does our young ,ishmael acquire for himself the highest of all possessions1 that of ,self-help4 ,nevertheless a desert this was1 waste1 and howling with savage monsters4 ,teufelsdrockh gives us long details of his fever-paroxysms of ,doubt2 his ,inquiries concerning ,miracles1 and the ,evidences of religious ,faith2 and how in the silent night-watches1 still darker in his heart than over sky and earth1 he has cast himself before the ,all-seeing1 and with audible prayers cried vehemently for ,light1 for deliverance from ,death and the ,grave4 ,not till after long years1 and unspeakable agonies1 did the believing heart surrender2 sink into spell-bound sleep1 under the nightmare1 ,unbelief2 and1 in this hag-ridden dream1 mistake ,god's fair living world for a pallid1 vacant ,hades and extinct ,pandemonium4 ,but through such ,purgatory pain1 continues he1 it is appointed us to pass2 first must the dead ,letter of ,religion own itself dead1 and drop piecemeal into dust1 if the living ,spirit of ,religion1 freed from this its charnel-house1 is to arise on us1 new-born of ,heaven1 and with new healing under its wings4 ,to which ,purgatory pains1 seemingly severe enough1 if we add a liberal measure of ,earthly distresses1 want of practical guidance1 want of sympathy1 want of money1 want of hope2 and all this in the fervid season of youth1 so exaggerated in imagining1 so boundless in desires1 yet here so poor in means1--do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed and overloaded from without and from within2 the fire of genius struggling up among fuel-wood of the greenest1 and as yet with more of bitter vapor than of clear flame8 ,from various fragments of ,letters and other documentary scraps1 it is to be inferred that ,teufelsdrockh1 isolated1 shy1 retiring as he was1 had not altogether escaped notice3 certain established men are aware of his existence2 and1 if stretching out no helpful hand1 have at least their eyes on him4 ,he appears1 though in dreary enough humor1 to be addressing himself to the ,profession of ,law2--whereof1 indeed1 the world has since seen him a public graduate4 ,but omitting these broken1 unsatisfactory thrums of ,economical relation1 let us present rather the following small thread of ,moral relation2 and therewith1 the reader for himself weaving it in at the right place1 conclude our dim arras-picture of these ,university years4 ,here also it was that ,i formed acquaintance with ,herr ,towgood1 or1 as it is perhaps better written1 ,herr ,toughgut2 a young person of quality 7von ,adel71 from the interior parts of ,england4 ,he stood connected1 by blood and hospitality1 with the ,counts von ,zahdarm1 in this quarter of ,germany2 to which noble ,family ,i likewise was1 by his means1 with all friendliness1 brought near4 ,towgood had a fair talent1 unspeakably ill-cultivated2 with considerable humor of character3 and1 bating his total ignorance1 for he knew nothing except ,boxing and a little ,grammar1 showed less of that aristocratic impassivity1 and silent fury1 than for most part belongs to ,travellers of his nation4 ,to him ,i owe my first practical knowledge of the ,english and their ways2 perhaps also something of the partiality with which ,i have ever since regarded that singular people4 ,towgood was not without an eye1 could he have come at any light4 ,invited doubtless by the presence of the ,zahdarm ,family1 he had travelled hither1 in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his studies2 he1 whose studies had as yet been those of infancy1 hither to a ,university where so much as the notion of perfection1 not to say the effort after it1 no longer existed6 ,often we would condole over the hard destiny of the ,young in this era3 how1 after all our toil1 we were to be turned out into the world1 with beards on our chins indeed1 but with few other attributes of manhood2 no existing thing that we were trained to ,act on1 nothing that we could so much as ,believe4 ',how has our head on the outside a polished ,hat1' would ,towgood exclaim1 'and in the inside ,vacancy1 or a froth of ,vocables and ,attorney-,logic6 ,at a small cost men are educated to make leather into shoes2 but at a great cost1 what am ,i educated to make8 ,by ,heaven1 ,brother6 what ,i have already eaten and worn1 as ,i came thus far1 would endow a considerable ,hospital of ,incurables4'--',man1 indeed1' ,i would answer1 'has a ,digestive ,faculty1 which must be kept working1 were it even partly by stealth4 ,but as for our ,miseducation1 make not bad worse2 waste not the time yet ours1 in trampling on thistles because they have yielded us no figs4 ,frisch zu1 ,bruder6 ,here are ,books1 and we have brains to read them2 here is a whole ,earth and a whole ,heaven1 and we have eyes to look on them3 ,frisch zu6' ,often also our talk was gay2 not without brilliancy1 and even fire4 ,we looked out on ,life1 with its strange scaffolding1 where all at once harlequins dance1 and men are beheaded and quartered3 motley1 not unterrific was the aspect2 but we looked on it like brave youths4 ,for myself1 these were perhaps my most genial hours4 ,towards this young warm-hearted1 strong-headed and wrong-headed ,herr ,towgood ,i was even near experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of ,friendship4 ,yes1 foolish ,heathen that ,i was1 ,i felt that1 under certain conditions1 ,i could have loved this man1 and taken him to my bosom1 and been his brother once and always4 ,by degrees1 however1 ,i understood the new time1 and its wants4 ,if man's ,soul is indeed1 as in the ,finnish ,language1 and ,utilitarian ,philosophy1 a kind of ,stomach1 what else is the true meaning of ,spiritual ,union but an ,eating together8 ,thus we1 instead of ,friends1 are ,dinner-guests2 and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras4 ,so ends1 abruptly as is usual1 and enigmatically1 this little incipient romance4 ,what henceforth becomes of the brave ,herr ,towgood1 or ,toughgut8 ,he has dived under1 in the ,autobiographical ,chaos1 and swims we see not where4 ,does any reader in the interior parts of ,england know of such a man8 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,getting ,,under ,,way4 ,thus nevertheless1 writes our ,autobiographer1 apparently as quitting ,college1 was there realized ,somewhat2 namely1 ,i1 ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh3 a visible ,temporary ,figure 7,zeitbild71 occupying some cubic feet of ,space1 and containing within it ,forces both physical and spiritual2 hopes1 passions1 thoughts2 the whole wondrous furniture1 in more or less perfection1 belonging to that mystery1 a ,man4 ,capabilities there were in me to give battle1 in some small degree1 against the great ,empire of ,darkness3 does not the very ,ditcher and ,delver1 with his spade1 extinguish many a thistle and puddle2 and so leave a little ,order1 where he found the opposite8 ,nay your very ,day-moth has capabilities in this kind2 and ever organizes something 7into its own ,body1 if no otherwise71 which was before ,inorganic2 and of mute dead air makes living music1 though only of the faintest1 by humming4 ,how much more1 one whose capabilities are spiritual2 who has learned1 or begun learning1 the grand thaumaturgic art of ,thought6 ,thaumaturgic ,i name it2 for hitherto all ,miracles have been wrought thereby1 and henceforth innumerable will be wrought2 whereof we1 even in these days1 witness some4 ,of the ,poet's and ,prophet's inspired ,message1 and how it makes and unmakes whole worlds1 ,i shall forbear mention3 but cannot the dullest hear ,steam-engines clanking around him8 ,has he not seen the ,scottish ,brass-smith's ,,idea 7and this but a mechanical one7 travelling on fire-wings round the ,cape1 and across two ,oceans2 and stronger than any other ,enchanter's ,familiar1 on all hands unweariedly fetching and carrying3 at home1 not only weaving ,cloth2 but rapidly enough overturning the whole old system of ,society2 and1 for ,feudalism and ,preservation of the ,game1 preparing us1 by indirect but sure methods1 ,industrialism and the ,government of the ,wisest8 ,truly a ,thinking ,man is the worst enemy the ,prince of ,darkness can have2 every time such a one announces himself1 ,i doubt not1 there runs a shudder through the ,nether ,empire2 and new ,emissaries are trained1 with new tactics1 to1 if possible1 entrap him1 and hoodwink and handcuff him4 ,with such high vocation had ,i too1 as denizen of the ,universe1 been called4 ,unhappy it is1 however1 that though born to the amplest ,sovereignty1 in this way1 with no less than sovereign right of ,peace and ,war against the ,time-,prince 7,zeitfurst71 or ,devil1 and all his ,dominions1 your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble1 your sceptre is so difficult to get at1 or even to get eye on6 ,by which last wire-drawn similitude does ,teufelsdrockh mean no more than that young men find obstacles in what we call getting under way8 ,not what ,i ,have1 continues he1 but what ,i ,do is my ,kingdom4 ,to each is given a certain inward ,talent1 a certain outward ,environment of ,fortune2 to each1 by wisest combination of these two1 a certain maximum of ,capability4 ,but the hardest problem were ever this first3 ,to find by study of yourself1 and of the ground you stand on1 what your combined inward and outward ,capability specially is4 ,for1 alas1 our young soul is all budding with ,capabilities1 and we see not yet which is the main and true one4 ,always too the new man is in a new time1 under new conditions2 his course can be the fac-simile of no prior one1 but is by its nature original4 ,and then how seldom will the outward ,capability fit the inward3 though talented wonderfully enough1 we are poor1 unfriended1 dyspeptical1 bashful2 nay what is worse than all1 we are foolish4 ,thus1 in a whole imbroglio of ,capabilities1 we go stupidly groping about1 to grope which is ours1 and often clutch the wrong one3 in this mad work must several years of our small term be spent1 till the purblind ,youth1 by practice1 acquire notions of distance1 and become a seeing ,man4 ,nay1 many so spend their whole term1 and in ever-new expectation1 ever-new disappointment1 shift from enterprise to enterprise1 and from side to side3 till at length1 as exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten1 they shift into their last enterprise1 that of getting buried4 ,such1 since the most of us are too ophthalmic1 would be the general fate2 were it not that one thing saves us3 our ,hunger4 ,for on this ground1 as the prompt nature of ,hunger is well known1 must a prompt choice be made3 hence have we1 with wise foresight1 ,indentures and ,apprenticeships for our irrational young2 whereby1 in due season1 the vague universality of a ,man shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific ,craftsman2 and so thenceforth work1 with much or with little waste of ,capability as it may be2 yet not with the worst waste1 that of time4 ,nay even in matters spiritual1 since the spiritual artist too is born blind1 and does not1 like certain other creatures1 receive sight in nine days1 but far later1 sometimes never1--is it not well that there should be what we call ,professions1 or ,bread-studies 7,brodzwecke71 preappointed us8 ,here1 circling like the gin-horse1 for whom partial or total blindness is no evil1 the ,bread-artist can travel contentedly round and round1 still fancying that it is forward and forward2 and realize much3 for himself victual2 for the world an additional horse's power in the grand corn-mill or hemp-mill of ,economic ,society4 ,for me too had such a leading-string been provided2 only that it proved a neck-halter1 and had nigh throttled me1 till ,i broke it off4 ,then1 in the words of ,ancient ,pistol1 did the world generally become mine oyster1 which ,i1 by strength or cunning1 was to open1 as ,i would and could4 ,almost had ,i deceased 7fast war ich umgekommen71 so obstinately did it continue shut4 ,we see here1 significantly foreshadowed1 the spirit of much that was to befall our ,autobiographer2 the historical embodiment of which1 as it painfully takes shape in his ,life1 lies scattered1 in dim disastrous details1 through this ,bag ,pisces1 and those that follow4 ,a young man of high talent1 and high though still temper1 like a young mettled colt1 breaks off his neck-halter1 and bounds forth1 from his peculiar manger1 into the wide world2 which1 alas1 he finds all rigorously fenced in4 ,richest clover-fields tempt his eye2 but to him they are forbidden pasture3 either pining in progressive starvation1 he must stand2 or1 in mad exasperation1 must rush to and fro1 leaping against sheer stone-walls1 which he cannot leap over1 which only lacerate and lame him2 till at last1 after thousand attempts and endurances1 he1 as if by miracle1 clears his way2 not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover1 yet into a certain bosky wilderness where existence is still possible1 and ,freedom1 though waited on by ,scarcity1 is not without sweetness4 ,in a word1 ,teufelsdrockh having thrown up his legal ,profession1 finds himself without landmark of outward guidance2 whereby his previous want of decided ,belief1 or inward guidance1 is frightfully aggravated4 ,necessity urges him on2 ,time will not stop1 neither can he1 a ,son of ,time2 wild passions without solacement1 wild faculties without employment1 ever vex and agitate him4 ,he too must enact that stern ,monodrama1 ,no ,object and no ,rest2 must front its successive destinies1 work through to its catastrophe1 and deduce therefrom what moral he can4 ,yet let us be just to him1 let us admit that his neck-halter sat nowise easy on him2 that he was in some degree forced to break it off4 ,if we look at the young man's civic position1 in this ,nameless capital1 as he emerges from its ,nameless ,university1 we can discern well that it was far from enviable4 ,his first ,law-,examination he has come through triumphantly2 and can even boast that the ,examen ,rigorosum need not have frightened him3 but though he is hereby an ,auscultator of respectability1 what avails it8 ,there is next to no employment to be had4 ,neither1 for a youth without connections1 is the process of ,expectation very hopeful in itself2 nor for one of his disposition much cheered from without4 ,my fellow ,auscultators1 he says1 were ,auscultators3 they dressed1 and digested1 and talked articulate words2 other vitality showed they almost none4 ,small speculation in those eyes1 that they did glare withal6 ,sense neither for the high nor for the deep1 nor for aught human or divine1 save only for the faintest scent of coming ,preferment4 ,in which words1 indicating a total estrangement on the part of ,teufelsdrockh may there not also lurk traces of a bitterness as from wounded vanity8 ,doubtless these prosaic ,auscultators may have sniffed at him1 with his strange ways2 and tried to hate1 and what was much more impossible1 to despise him4 ,friendly communion1 in any case1 there could not be3 already has the young ,teufelsdrockh left the other young geese2 and swims apart1 though as yet uncertain whether he himself is cygnet or gosling4 ,perhaps1 too1 what little employment he had was performed ill1 at best unpleasantly4 ,great practical method and expertness he may brag of2 but is there not also great practical pride1 though deep-hidden1 only the deeper-seated8 ,so shy a man can never have been popular4 ,we figure to ourselves1 how in those days he may have played strange freaks with his independence1 and so forth3 do not his own words betoken as much8 ,like a very young person1 ,i imagined it was with ,work alone1 and not also with ,folly and ,sin1 in myself and others1 that ,i had been appointed to struggle4 ,be this as it may1 his progress from the passive ,auscultatorship1 towards any active ,assessorship1 is evidently of the slowest4 ,by degrees1 those same established men1 once partially inclined to patronize him1 seem to withdraw their countenance1 and give him up as a man of genius against which procedure he1 in these ,papers1 loudly protests4 ,as if1 says he1 the higher did not presuppose the lower2 as if he who can fly into heaven1 could not also walk post if he resolved on it6 ,but the world is an old woman1 and mistakes any gilt farthing for a gold coin2 whereby being often cheated1 she will thenceforth trust nothing but the common copper4 ,how our winged sky-messenger1 unaccepted as a terrestrial runner1 contrived1 in the mean while1 to keep himself from flying skyward without return1 is not too clear from these ,documents4 ,good old ,gretchen seems to have vanished from the scene1 perhaps from the ,earth2 other ,horn of ,plenty1 or even of ,parsimony1 nowhere flows for him2 so that the prompt nature of ,hunger being well known1 we are not without our anxiety4 ,from private ,tuition1 in never so many languages and sciences1 the aid derivable is small2 neither1 to use his own words1 does the young ,adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift2 but at best earns bread-and-water wages1 by his wide faculty of ,translation4 ,nevertheless1 continues he1 that ,i subsisted is clear1 for you find me even now alive4 ,which fact1 however1 except upon the principle of our true-hearted1 kind old ,proverb1 that there is always life for a living one1 we must profess ourselves unable to explain4 ,certain ,landlords' ,bills1 and other economic ,documents1 bearing the mark of ,settlement1 indicate that he was not without money2 but1 like an independent ,hearth-holder1 if not ,house-holder1 paid his way4 ,here also occur1 among many others1 two little mutilated ,notes1 which perhaps throw light on his condition4 ,the first has now no date1 or writer's name1 but a huge ,blot2 and runs to this effect3 ,the 7,inkblot71 tied down by previous promise1 cannot1 except by best wishes1 forward the ,herr ,teufelsdrockh's views on the ,assessorship in question2 and sees himself under the cruel necessity of forbearing1 for the present1 what were otherwise his duty and joy1 to assist in opening the career for a man of genius1 on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting4 ,the other is on gilt paper2 and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now dead1 yet which once lived and beneficently worked4 ,we give it in the original3 ,herr ,teufelsdrockh wird von der ,frau ,grafinn1 auf ,donnerstag1 zum ,,aesthetischen ,,thee schonstens eingeladen4 ,thus1 in answer to a cry for solid pudding1 whereof there is the most urgent need1 comes1 epigrammatically enough1 the invitation to a wash of quite fluid ,a,esthetic ,tea6 ,how ,teufelsdrockh1 now at actual hand-grips with ,destiny herself1 may have comported himself among these ,musical and ,literary dilettanti of both sexes1 like a hungry lion invited to a feast of chickenweed1 we can only conjecture4 ,perhaps in expressive silence1 and abstinence3 otherwise if the lion1 in such case1 is to feast at all1 it cannot be on the chickenweed1 but only on the chickens4 ,for the rest1 as this ,frau ,grafinn dates from the ,zahdarm ,house1 she can be no other than the ,countess and mistress of the same2 whose intellectual tendencies1 and good-will to ,teufelsdrockh1 whether on the footing of ,herr ,towgood1 or on his own footing1 are hereby manifest4 ,that some sort of relation1 indeed1 continued1 for a time1 to connect our ,autobiographer1 though perhaps feebly enough1 with this noble ,house1 we have elsewhere express evidence4 ,doubtless1 if he expected patronage1 it was in vain2 enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses of the great world1 from which we at one time fancied him to have been always excluded4 ,the ,zahdarms1 says he1 lived in the soft1 sumptuous garniture of ,aristocracy2 whereto ,literature and ,art1 attracted and attached from without1 were to serve as the handsomest fringing4 ,it was to the ,gnadigen ,frau 7her ,ladyship7 that this latter improvement was due3 assiduously she gathered1 dexterously she fitted on1 what fringing was to be had2 lace or cobweb1 as the place yielded4 ,was ,teufelsdrockh also a fringe1 of lace or cobweb2 or promising to be such8 ,with his ,excellenz 7the ,count71 continues he1 ,i have more than once had the honor to converse2 chiefly on general affairs1 and the aspect of the world1 which he1 though now past middle life1 viewed in no unfavorable light2 finding indeed1 except the ,outrooting of ,journalism 7die auszurottende ,journalistik71 little to desiderate therein4 ,on some points1 as his ,excellenz was not uncholeric1 ,i found it more pleasant to keep silence4 ,besides1 his occupation being that of ,owning ,land1 there might be faculties enough1 which1 as superfluous for such use1 were little developed in him4 ,that to ,teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless1 and many things besides the ,outrooting of ,journalism might have seemed improvements1 we can readily conjecture4 ,with nothing but a barren ,auscultatorship from without1 and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes from within1 his position was no easy one4 ,the ,universe1 he says1 was as a mighty ,sphinx-riddle1 which ,i knew so little of1 yet must rede1 or be devoured4 ,in red streaks of unspeakable grandeur1 yet also in the blackness of darkness1 was ,life1 to my too-unfurnished ,thought1 unfolding itself4 ,a strange contradiction lay in me2 and ,i as yet knew not the solution of it2 knew not that spiritual music can spring only from discords set in harmony2 that but for ,evil there were no ,good1 as victory is only possible by battle4 ,i have heard affirmed 7surely in jest71 observes he elsewhere1 by not unphilanthropic persons1 that it were a real increase of human happiness1 could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under barrels1 or rendered otherwise invisible2 and there left to follow their lawful studies and callings1 till they emerged1 sadder and wiser1 at the age of twenty-five4 ,with which suggestion1 at least as considered in the light of a practical scheme1 ,i need scarcely say that ,i nowise coincide4 ,nevertheless it is plausibly urged that1 as young ladies 7,madchen7 are1 to mankind1 precisely the most delightful in those years2 so young gentlemen 7,bubchen7 do then attain their maximum of detestability4 ,such gawks 7,gecken7 are they1 and foolish peacocks1 and yet with such a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence2 so obstinate1 obstreperous1 vain-glorious2 in all senses1 so froward and so forward4 ,no mortal's endeavor or attainment will1 in the smallest1 content the as yet unendeavoring1 unattaining young gentleman2 but he could make it all infinitely better1 were it worthy of him4 ,life everywhere is the most manageable matter1 simple as a question in the ,rule-of-,three3 multiply your second and third term together1 divide the product by the first1 and your quotient will be the answer1--which you are but an ass if you cannot come at4 ,the booby has not yet found out1 by any trial1 that1 do what one will1 there is ever a cursed fraction1 oftenest a decimal repeater1 and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of4 ,in which passage does not there lie an implied confession that ,teufelsdrockh himself1 besides his outward obstructions1 had an inward1 still greater1 to contend with2 namely1 a certain temporary1 youthful1 yet still afflictive derangement of head8 ,alas1 on the former side alone1 his case was hard enough4 ,it continues ever true1 says he1 that ,saturn1 or ,chronos1 or what we call ,,time1 devours all his ,children3 only by incessant ,running1 by incessant ,working1 may you 7for some threescore-and-ten years7 escape him2 and you too he devours at last4 ,can any ,sovereign1 or ,holy ,alliance of ,sovereigns1 bid ,time stand still2 even in thought1 shake themselves free of ,time8 ,our whole terrestrial being is based on ,time1 and built of ,time2 it is wholly a ,movement1 a ,time-impulse2 ,time is the author of it1 the material of it4 ,hence also our ,whole ,duty1 which is to move1 to work1--in the right direction4 ,are not our ,bodies and our ,souls in continual movement1 whether we will or not2 in a continual ,waste1 requiring a continual ,repair8 ,utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and inward ,wants were but satisfaction for a space of ,time2 thus1 whatso we have done1 is done1 and for us annihilated1 and ever must we go and do anew4 ,o ,time-,spirit1 how hast thou environed and imprisoned us1 and sunk us so deep in thy troublous dim ,time-,element1 that only in lucid moments can so much as glimpses of our upper ,azure ,home be revealed to us6 ,me1 however1 as a ,son of ,time1 unhappier than some others1 was ,time threatening to eat quite prematurely2 for1 strive as ,i might1 there was no good ,running1 so obstructed was the path1 so gyved were the feet4 ,that is to say1 we presume1 speaking in the dialect of this lower world1 that ,teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was1 like other men's1 to work1--in the right direction1 and that no work was to be had2 whereby he became wretched enough4 ,as was natural3 with haggard ,scarcity threatening him in the distance2 and so vehement a soul languishing in restless inaction1 and forced thereby1 like ,sir ,hudibras's sword by rust1 ,to eat into itself1 for lack ,of something else to hew and hack2 ,but on the whole1 that same excellent ,passivity1 as it has all along done1 is here again vigorously flourishing2 in which circumstance may we not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our ,professor and perhaps1 in faint rudiments1 the origin of the ,clothes-,philosophy itself8 ,already the attitude he has assumed towards the ,world is too defensive2 not1 as would have been desirable1 a bold attitude of attack4 ,so far hitherto1 he says1 as ,i had mingled with mankind1 ,i was notable1 if for anything1 for a certain stillness of manner1 which1 as my friends often rebukingly declared1 did but ill express the keen ardor of my feelings4 ,i1 in truth1 regarded men with an excess both of love and of fear4 ,the mystery of a ,person1 indeed1 is ever divine to him that has a sense for the ,godlike4 ,often1 notwithstanding1 was ,i blamed1 and by half-strangers hated1 for my so-called ,hardness 7,harte71 my ,indifferentism towards men2 and the seemingly ironic tone ,i had adopted1 as my favorite dialect in conversation4 ,alas1 the panoply of ,sarcasm was but as a buckram case1 wherein ,i had striven to envelop myself2 that so my own poor ,person might live safe there1 and in all friendliness1 being no longer exasperated by wounds4 ,sarcasm ,i now see to be1 in general1 the language of the ,devil2 for which reason ,i have long since as good as renounced it4 ,but how many individuals did ,i1 in those days1 provoke into some degree of hostility thereby6 ,an ironic man1 with his sly stillness1 and ambuscading ways1 more especially an ironic young man1 from whom it is least expected1 may be viewed as a pest to society4 ,have we not seen persons of weight and name coming forward1 with gentlest indifference1 to tread such a one out of sight1 as an insignificancy and worm1 start ceiling-high 7balkenhock71 and thence fall shattered and supine1 to be borne home on shutters1 not without indignation1 when he proved electric and a torpedo6 ,alas1 how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for himself in ,life2 where the first problem1 as ,teufelsdrockh too admits1 is to unite yourself with some one1 and with somewhat 7sich anzuschliessen78 ,division1 not union1 is written on most part of his procedure4 ,let us add too that1 in no great length of time1 the only important connection he had ever succeeded in forming1 his connection with the ,zahdarm ,family1 seems to have been paralyzed1 for all practical uses1 by the death of the not uncholeric old ,count4 ,this fact stands recorded1 quite incidentally1 in a certain ,discourse on ,epitaphs1 huddled into the present ,bag1 among so much else2 of which ,essay the learning and curious penetration are more to be approved of than the spirit4 ,his grand principle is1 that lapidary inscriptions1 of what sort soever1 should be ,historical rather than ,lyrical4 ,by request of that worthy ,nobleman's survivors1 says he1 ,i undertook to compose his ,epitaph2 and not unmindful of my own rules1 produced the following2 which however1 for an alleged defect of ,latinity1 a defect never yet fully visible to myself1 still remains unengraven2--wherein1 we may predict1 there is more than the ,latinity that will surprise an ,english reader3 ,,hic ,,jacet ,,philippus ,,zaehdarm1 ,,cognomine ,,magnus1 ,,zaehdarmi ,,comes1 ,,ex ,,imperii ,,concilio1 ,,velleris ,,aurei1 ,,periscelidis1 ,,necnon ,,vulturis ,,nigri ,,eques4 ,,qui ,,dum ,,sub ,,luna ,,agebat1 ,,quinquies ,,mille ,,perdices ,,plumbo ,,confecit3 ,,varii ,,cibi ,,centumpondia ,,millies ,,centena ,,millia1 ,,per ,,se1 ,,perque ,,servos ,,quadrupedes ,,bipedesve1 ,,haud ,,sine ,,tumult ,,devolvens1 ,,in ,,stercus ,,palam ,,convertit4 ,,nunc ,a ,,labore ,,requiescentem ,,opera ,,sequuntur4 ,,si ,,monumentum ,,quaeris1 ,,fimetum ,,adspice4 ,,primum ,,in ,,orbe ,,dejecit sub dato2 ,,postremum sub dato4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,romance4 ,for long years1 writes ,teufelsdrockh1 had the poor ,hebrew1 in this ,egypt of an ,auscultatorship1 painfully toiled1 baking bricks without stubble1 before ever the question once struck him with entire force3 ,for what8--,beym ,himmel6 ,for ,food and ,warmth6 ,and are ,food and ,warmth nowhere else1 in the whole wide ,universe1 discoverable8--,come of it what might1 ,i resolved to try4 ,thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity1 though perhaps far from an improved one4 ,teufelsdrockh is now a man without ,profession4 ,quitting the common ,fleet of herring-busses and whalers1 where indeed his leeward1 laggard condition was painful enough1 he desperately steers off1 on a course of his own1 by sextant and compass of his own4 ,unhappy ,teufelsdrockh6 ,though neither ,fleet1 nor ,traffic1 nor ,commodores pleased thee1 still was it not a ,fleet1 sailing in prescribed track1 for fixed objects2 above all1 in combination1 wherein1 by mutual guidance1 by all manner of loans and borrowings1 each could manifoldly aid the other8 ,how wilt thou sail in unknown seas2 and for thyself find that shorter ,northwest ,passage to thy fair ,spice-country of a ,nowhere8--,a solitary rover1 on such a voyage1 with such nautical tactics1 will meet with adventures4 ,nay1 as we forthwith discover1 a certain ,calypso-,island detains him at the very outset2 and as it were falsifies and oversets his whole reckoning4 ,if in youth1 writes he once1 the ,universe is majestically unveiling1 and everywhere ,heaven revealing itself on ,earth1 nowhere to the ,young ,man does this ,heaven on ,earth so immediately reveal itself as in the ,young ,maiden4 ,strangely enough1 in this strange life of ours1 it has been so appointed4 ,on the whole1 as ,i have often said1 a ,person 7,personlichkeit7 is ever holy to us2 a certain orthodox ,anthropomorphism connects my ,me with all ,thees in bonds of ,love3 but it is in this approximation of the ,like and ,unlike1 that such heavenly attraction1 as between ,negative and ,positive1 first burns out into a flame4 ,is the pitifullest mortal ,person1 think you1 indifferent to us8 ,is it not rather our heartfelt wish to be made one with him2 to unite him to us1 by gratitude1 by admiration1 even by fear2 or failing all these1 unite ourselves to him8 ,but how much more1 in this case of the ,like-,unlike6 ,here is conceded us the higher mystic possibility of such a union1 the highest in our ,earth2 thus1 in the conducting medium of ,fantasy1 flames forth that fire-development of the universal ,spiritual ,electricity1 which1 as unfolded between man and woman1 we first emphatically denominate ,,love4 ,in every well-conditioned stripling1 as ,i conjecture1 there already blooms a certain prospective ,paradise1 cheered by some fairest ,eve2 nor1 in the stately vistas1 and flowerage and foliage of that ,garden1 is a ,tree of ,knowledge1 beautiful and awful in the midst thereof1 wanting4 ,perhaps too the whole is but the lovelier1 if ,cherubim and a ,flaming ,sword divide it from all footsteps of men2 and grant him1 the imaginative stripling1 only the view1 not the entrance4 ,happy season of virtuous youth1 when shame is still an impassable celestial barrier2 and the sacred air-cities of ,hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets of ,reality2 and man1 by his nature1 is yet infinite and free6 ,as for our young ,forlorn1 continues ,teufelsdrockh evidently meaning himself1 in his secluded way of life1 and with his glowing ,fantasy1 the more fiery that it burnt under cover1 as in a reverberating furnace1 his feeling towards the ,queens of this ,earth was1 and indeed is1 altogether unspeakable4 ,a visible ,divinity dwelt in them2 to our young ,friend all women were holy1 were heavenly4 ,as yet he but saw them flitting past1 in their many-colored angel-plumage2 or hovering mute and inaccessible on the outskirts of ,a,esthetic ,tea3 all of air they were1 all ,soul and ,form2 so lovely1 like mysterious priestesses1 in whose hand was the invisible ,jacob's-ladder1 whereby man might mount into very ,heaven4 ,that he1 our poor ,friend1 should ever win for himself one of these ,gracefuls 7,holden7--,ach ,gott6 how could he hope it2 should he not have died under it8 ,there was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought4 ,thus was the young man1 if all-sceptical of ,demons and ,angels such as the vulgar had once believed in1 nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of true ,sky-born1 who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he went2 and they had that religious worship in his thought1 though as yet it was by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them4 ,but now1 if on a soul so circumstanced1 some actual ,air-maiden1 incorporated into tangibility and reality1 should cast any electric glance of kind eyes1 saying thereby1 ',thou too mayest love and be loved2' and so kindle him1--good ,heaven1 what a volcanic1 earthquake-bringing1 all-consuming fire were probably kindled6 ,such a fire1 it afterwards appears1 did actually burst forth1 with explosions more or less ,vesuvian1 in the inner man of ,herr ,diogenes2 as indeed how could it fail8 ,a nature1 which1 in his own figurative style1 we might say1 had now not a little carbonized tinder1 of ,irritability2 with so much nitre of latent ,passion1 and sulphurous ,humor enough2 the whole lying in such hot neighborhood1 close by a reverberating furnace of ,fantasy3 have we not here the components of driest ,gunpowder1 ready1 on occasion of the smallest spark1 to blaze up8 ,neither1 in this our ,life-element1 are sparks anywhere wanting4 ,without doubt1 some ,angel1 whereof so many hovered round1 would one day1 leaving the outskirts of ,a,esthetic ,tea1 flit higher2 and1 by electric ,promethean glance1 kindle no despicable firework4 ,happy1 if it indeed proved a ,firework1 and flamed off rocket-wise1 in successive beautiful bursts of splendor1 each growing naturally from the other1 through the several stages of a happy ,youthful ,love2 till the whole were safely burnt out2 and the young soul relieved with little damage6 ,happy1 if it did not rather prove a ,conflagration and mad ,explosion2 painfully lacerating the heart itself2 nay perhaps bursting the heart in pieces 7which were ,death72 or at best1 bursting the thin walls of your reverberating furnace1 so that it rage thenceforth all unchecked among the contiguous combustibles 7which were ,madness73 till of the so fair and manifold internal world of our ,diogenes1 there remained ,nothing1 or only the crater of an extinct volcano6 ,from multifarious ,documents in this ,bag ,capricornus1 and in the adjacent ones on both sides thereof1 it becomes manifest that our philosopher1 as stoical and cynical as he now looks1 was heartily and even frantically in ,love3 here therefore may our old doubts whether his heart were of stone or of flesh give way4 ,he loved once2 not wisely but too well4 ,and once only3 for as your ,congreve needs a new case or wrappage for every new rocket1 so each human heart can properly exhibit but one ,love1 if even one2 the ,first ,love which is infinite can be followed by no second like unto it4 ,in more recent years1 accordingly1 the ,editor of these ,sheets was led to regard ,teufelsdrockh as a man not only who would never wed1 but who would never even flirt2 whom the grand-climacteric itself1 and ,st4 ,martin's ,summer of incipient ,dotage1 would crown with no new myrtle-garland4 ,to the ,professor1 women are henceforth ,pieces of ,art2 of ,celestial ,art1 indeed1 which celestial pieces he glories to survey in galleries1 but has lost thought of purchasing4 ,psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how ,teufelsdrockh in this for him unexampled predicament1 demeans himself2 with what specialties of successive configuration1 splendor and color1 his ,firework blazes off4 ,small1 as usual1 is the satisfaction that such can meet with here4 ,from amid these confused masses of ,eulogy and ,elegy1 with their mad ,petrarchan and ,werterean ware lying madly scattered among all sorts of quite extraneous matter1 not so much as the fair one's name can be deciphered4 ,for1 without doubt1 the title ,blumine1 whereby she is here designated1 and which means simply ,goddess of ,flowers1 must be fictitious4 ,was her real name ,flora1 then8 ,but what was her surname1 or had she none8 ,of what station in ,life was she2 of what parentage1 fortune1 aspect8 ,specially1 by what ,pre-established ,harmony of occurrences did the ,lover and the ,loved meet one another in so wide a world2 how did they behave in such meeting8 ,to all which questions1 not unessential in a ,biographic work1 mere ,conjecture must for most part return answer4 ,it was appointed1 says our ,philosopher1 that the high celestial orbit of ,blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our ,forlorn2 that he1 looking in her empyrean eyes1 should fancy the upper ,sphere of ,light was come down into this nether sphere of ,shadows2 and finding himself mistaken1 make noise enough4 ,we seem to gather that she was young1 hazel-eyed1 beautiful1 and some one's ,cousin2 high-born1 and of high spirit2 but unhappily dependent and insolvent2 living1 perhaps1 on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed relatives4 ,but how came the ,wanderer into her circle8 ,was it by the humid vehicle of ,a,esthetic ,tea1 or by the arid one of mere ,business8 ,was it on the hand of ,herr ,towgood2 or of the ,gnadige ,frau1 who1 as an ornamental ,artist1 might sometimes like to promote flirtation1 especially for young cynical ,nondescripts8 ,to all appearance1 it was chiefly by ,accident1 and the grace of ,nature4 ,thou fair ,waldschloss1 writes our ,autobiographer1 what stranger ever saw thee1 were it even an absolved ,auscultator1 officially bearing in his pocket the last ,relatio ex ,actis he would ever write1 but must have paused to wonder6 ,noble ,mansion6 ,there stoodest thou1 in deep ,mountain ,amphitheatre1 on umbrageous lawns1 in thy serene solitude2 stately1 massive1 all of granite2 glittering in the western sunbeams1 like a palace of ,el ,dorado1 overlaid with precious metal4 ,beautiful rose up1 in wavy curvature1 the slope of thy guardian ,hills2 of the greenest was their sward1 embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag1 or spotted by some spreading solitary ,tree and its shadow4 ,to the unconscious ,wayfarer thou wert also as an ,ammon's ,temple1 in the ,libyan ,waste2 where1 for joy and woe1 the tablet of his ,destiny lay written4 ,well might he pause and gaze2 in that glance of his were prophecy and nameless forebodings4 ,but now let us conjecture that the so presentient ,auscultator has handed in his ,relatio ex ,actis2 been invited to a glass of ,rhine-wine2 and so1 instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty ,town-home1 is ushered into the ,garden-house1 where sit the choicest party of dames and cavaliers3 if not engaged in ,a,esthetic ,tea1 yet in trustful evening conversation1 and perhaps ,musical ,coffee1 for we hear of harps and pure voices making the stillness live4 ,scarcely1 it would seem1 is the ,garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble ,mansion itself4 ,embowered amid rich foliage1 rose-clusters1 and the hues and odors of thousand flowers1 here sat that brave company2 in front1 from the wide-opened doors1 fair outlook over blossom and bush1 over grove and velvet green1 stretching1 undulating onwards to the remote ,mountain peaks3 so bright1 so mild1 and everywhere the melody of birds and happy creatures3 it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the ,,suit in the bosom-vesture of ,summer herself4 ,how came it that the ,wanderer advanced thither with such forecasting heart 7ahndungsvoll71 by the side of his gay host8 ,did he feel that to these soft influences his hard bosom ought to be shut2 that here1 once more1 ,fate had it in view to try him2 to mock him1 and see whether there were ,humor in him8 ,next moment he finds himself presented to the party2 and especially by name to--,blumine6 ,peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced ,blumine1 there in her modesty1 like a star among earthly lights4 ,noblest maiden6 whom he bent to1 in body and in soul2 yet scarcely dared look at1 for the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment4 ,blumine's was a name well known to him2 far and wide was the fair one heard of1 for her gifts1 her graces1 her caprices3 from all which vague colorings of ,rumor1 from the censures no less than from the praises1 had our friend painted for himself a certain imperious ,queen of ,hearts1 and blooming warm ,earth-angel1 much more enchanting than your mere white ,heaven-angels of women1 in whose placid veins circulates too little naphtha-fire4 ,herself also he had seen in public places2 that light yet so stately form2 those dark tresses1 shading a face where smiles and sunlight played over earnest deeps3 but all this he had seen only as a magic vision1 for him inaccessible1 almost without reality4 ,her sphere was too far from his2 how should she ever think of him2 ,o ,heaven6 how should they so much as once meet together8 ,and now that ,rose-goddess sits in the same circle with him2 the light of her eyes has smiled on him2 if he speak1 she will hear it6 ,nay1 who knows1 since the heavenly ,sun looks into lowest valleys1 but ,blumine herself might have aforetime noted the so unnotable2 perhaps1 from his very gainsayers1 as he had from hers1 gathered wonder1 gathered favor for him8 ,was the attraction1 the agitation mutual1 then2 pole and pole trembling towards contact1 when once brought into neighborhood8 ,say rather1 heart swelling in presence of the ,queen of ,hearts2 like the ,sea swelling when once near its ,moon6 ,with the ,wanderer it was even so3 as in heavenward gravitation1 suddenly as at the touch of a ,seraph's wand1 his whole soul is roused from its deepest recesses2 and all that was painful and that was blissful there1 dim images1 vague feelings of a whole ,past and a whole ,future1 are heaving in unquiet eddies within him4 ,often1 in far less agitating scenes1 had our still ,friend shrunk forcibly together2 and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings1 of what sort soever1 in a safe cover of ,silence1 and perhaps of seeming ,stolidity4 ,how was it1 then1 that here1 when trembling to the core of his heart1 he did not sink into swoons1 but rose into strength1 into fearlessness and clearness8 ,it was his guiding ,genius 7,damon7 that inspired him2 he must go forth and meet his ,destiny4 ,show thyself now1 whispered it1 or be forever hid4 ,thus sometimes it is even when your anxiety becomes transcendental1 that the soul first feels herself able to transcend it2 that she rises above it1 in fiery victory2 and borne on new-found wings of victory1 moves so calmly1 even because so rapidly1 so irresistibly4 ,always must the ,wanderer remember1 with a certain satisfaction and surprise1 how in this case he sat not silent but struck adroitly into the stream of conversation2 which thenceforth1 to speak with an apparent not a real vanity1 he may say that he continued to lead4 ,surely1 in those hours1 a certain inspiration was imparted him1 such inspiration as is still possible in our late era4 ,the self-secluded unfolds himself in noble thoughts1 in free1 glowing words2 his soul is as one sea of light1 the peculiar home of ,truth and ,intellect2 wherein also ,fantasy bodies forth form after form1 radiant with all prismatic hues4 ,it appears1 in this otherwise so happy meeting1 there talked one ,philisitine2 who even now1 to the general weariness1 was dominantly pouring forth ,philistinism 7,philistriositaten472 little witting what hero was here entering to demolish him6 ,we omit the series of ,socratic1 or rather ,diogenic utterances1 not unhappy in their way1 whereby the monster1 persuaded into silence1 seems soon after to have withdrawn for the night4 ,of which dialectic marauder1 writes our hero1 the discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most3 but what were all applauses to the glad smile1 threatening every moment to become a laugh1 wherewith ,blumine herself repaid the victor8 ,he ventured to address her she answered with attention3 nay what if there were a slight tremor in that silver voice2 what if the red glow of evening were hiding a transient blush6 ,the conversation took a higher tone1 one fine thought called forth another3 it was one of those rare seasons1 when the soul expands with full freedom1 and man feels himself brought near to man4 ,gayly in light1 graceful abandonment1 the friendly talk played round that circle2 for the burden was rolled from every heart2 the barriers of ,ceremony1 which are indeed the laws of polite living1 had melted as into vapor2 and the poor claims of ,me and ,thee1 no longer parted by rigid fences1 now flowed softly into one another2 and ,life lay all harmonious1 many-tinted1 like some fair royal champaign1 the sovereign and owner of which were ,love only4 ,such music springs from kind hearts1 in a kind environment of place and time4 ,and yet as the light grew more aerial on the mountaintops1 and the shadows fell longer over the valley1 some faint tone of sadness may have breathed through the heart2 and1 in whispers more or less audible1 reminded every one that as this bright day was drawing towards its close1 so likewise must the ,day of ,man's ,existence decline into dust and darkness2 and with all its sick toilings1 and joyful and mournful noises1 sink in the still ,eternity4 ,to our ,friend the hours seemed moments2 holy was he and happy3 the words from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass2 all better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper1 ,it is good for us to be here4 ,at parting1 the ,blumine's hand was in his3 in the balmy twilight1 with the kind stars above them1 he spoke something of meeting again1 which was not contradicted2 he pressed gently those small soft fingers1 and it seemed as if they were not hastily1 not angrily withdrawn4 ,poor ,teufelsdrockh6 it is clear to demonstration thou art smit3 the ,queen of ,hearts would see a man of genius also sigh for her2 and there1 by art-magic1 in that preternatural hour1 has she bound and spell-bound thee4 ,love is not altogether a ,delirium1 says he elsewhere2 yet has it many points in common therewith4 ,i call it rather a discerning of the ,infinite in the ,finite1 of the ,idea made ,real2 which discerning again may be either true or false1 either seraphic or demoniac1 ,inspiration or ,insanity4 ,but in the former case too1 as in common ,madness1 it is ,fantasy that superadds itself to sight2 on the so petty domain of the ,actual plants its ,archimedes-lever1 whereby to move at will the infinite ,spiritual4 ,fantasy ,i might call the true ,heaven-gate and ,hell-gate of man3 his sensuous life is but the small temporary stage 7,zeitbuhne71 whereon thick-streaming influences from both these far yet near regions meet visibly1 and act tragedy and melodrama4 ,sense can support herself handsomely1 in most countries1 for some eighteenpence a day2 but for ,fantasy planets and solar-systems will not suffice4 ,witness your ,pyrrhus conquering the world1 yet drinking no better red wine than he had before4 ,alas6 witness also your ,diogenes1 flame-clad1 scaling the upper ,heaven1 and verging towards ,insanity1 for prize of a high-souled ,brunette1 as if the ,earth held but one and not several of these6 ,he says that1 in ,town1 they met again3 day after day1 like his heart's sun1 the blooming ,blumine shone on him4 ,ah6 a little while ago1 and he was yet in all darkness3 him what ,graceful 7,holde7 would ever love8 ,disbelieving all things1 the poor youth had never learned to believe in himself4 ,withdrawn1 in proud timidity1 within his own fastnesses2 solitary from men1 yet baited by night-spectres enough1 he saw himself1 with a sad indignation1 constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of existence4 ,and now1 ,o now6 ',she looks on thee1' cried he3 'she the fairest1 noblest2 do not her dark eyes tell thee1 thou art not despised8 ,the ,heaven's-,messenger6 ,all ,heaven's blessings be hers6' ,thus did soft melodies flow through his heart2 tones of an infinite gratitude2 sweetest intimations that he also was a man1 that for him also unutterable joys had been provided4 ,in free speech1 earnest or gay1 amid lambent glances1 laughter1 tears1 and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of ,music3 such was the element they now lived in2 in such a many-tinted1 radiant ,aurora1 and by this fairest of ,orient ,light-bringers must our ,friend be blandished1 and the new ,apocalypse of ,nature enrolled to him4 ,fairest ,blumine6 ,and1 even as a ,star1 all ,fire and humid ,softness1 a very ,light-ray incarnate6 ,was there so much as a fault1 a 'caprice1' he could have dispensed with8 ,was she not to him in very deed a ,morning-star2 did not her presence bring with it airs from ,heaven8 ,as from ,a,eolian ,harps in the breath of dawn1 as from the ,memnon's ,statue struck by the rosy finger of ,aurora1 unearthly music was around him1 and lapped him into untried balmy ,rest4 ,pale ,doubt fled away to the distance2 ,life bloomed up with happiness and hope4 ,the past1 then1 was all a haggard dream2 he had been in the ,garden of ,eden1 then1 and could not discern it6 ,but lo now6 the black walls of his prison melt away2 the captive is alive1 is free4 ,if he loved his ,disenchantress8 ,ach ,gott6 ,his whole heart and soul and life were hers1 but never had he named it ,love3 existence was all a ,feeling1 not yet shaped into a ,thought4 ,nevertheless1 into a ,thought1 nay into an ,action1 it must be shaped2 for neither ,disenchanter nor ,disenchantress1 mere ,children of ,time1 can abide by ,feeling alone4 ,the ,professor knows not1 to this day1 how in her soft1 fervid bosom the ,lovely found determination1 even on hest of ,necessity1 to cut asunder these so blissful bonds4 ,he even appears surprised at the ,duenna ,cousin1 whoever she may have been1 in whose meagre hunger-bitten philosophy1 the religion of young hearts was1 from the first1 faintly approved of4 ,we1 even at such distance1 can explain it without necromancy4 ,let the ,philosopher answer this one question3 ,what figure1 at that period1 was a ,mrs4 ,teufelsdrockh likely to make in polished society8 ,could she have driven so much as a brass-bound ,gig1 or even a simple iron-spring one8 ,thou foolish absolved ,auscultator1 before whom lies no prospect of capital1 will any yet known religion of young hearts keep the human kitchen warm8 ,pshaw6 thy divine ,blumine1 when she resigned herself to wed some richer1 shows more philosophy1 though but a woman of genius1 than thou1 a pretended man4 ,our readers have witnessed the origin of this ,love-mania1 and with what royal splendor it waxes1 and rises4 ,let no one ask us to unfold the glories of its dominant state2 much less the horrors of its almost instantaneous dissolution4 ,how from such inorganic masses1 henceforth madder than ever1 as lie in these ,bags1 can even fragments of a living delineation be organized8 ,besides1 of what profit were it8 ,we view1 with a lively pleasure1 the gay silk ,montgolfier start from the ground1 and shoot upwards1 cleaving the liquid deeps1 till it dwindle to a luminous star3 but what is there to look longer on1 when once1 by natural elasticity1 or accident of fire1 it has exploded8 ,a hapless air-navigator1 plunging1 amid torn parachutes1 sand-bags1 and confused wreck1 fast enough into the jaws of the ,devil6 ,suffice it to know that ,teufelsdrockh rose into the highest regions of the ,empyrean1 by a natural parabolic track1 and returned thence in a quick perpendicular one4 ,for the rest1 let any feeling reader1 who has been unhappy enough to do the like1 paint it out for himself3 considering only that if he1 for his perhaps comparatively insignificant mistress1 underwent such agonies and frenzies1 what must ,teufelsdrockh's have been1 with a fire-heart1 and for a nonpareil ,blumine6 ,we glance merely at the final scene3-- ,one morning1 he found his ,morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red2 the fair creature was silent1 absent1 she seemed to have been weeping4 ,alas1 no longer a ,morning-star1 but a troublous skyey ,portent1 announcing that the ,doomsday had dawned6 ,she said1 in a tremulous voice1 ,they were to meet no more4 ,the thunder-struck ,air-sailor is not wanting to himself in this dread hour3 but what avails it8 ,we omit the passionate expostulations1 entreaties1 indignations1 since all was vain1 and not even an explanation was conceded him2 and hasten to the catastrophe4 ',farewell1 then1 ,madam6' said he1 not without sternness1 for his stung pride helped him4 ,she put her hand in his1 she looked in his face1 tears started to her eyes2 in wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom2 their lips were joined1 their two souls1 like two dew-drops1 rushed into one1--for the first time and for the last6 ,thus was ,teufelsdrockh made immortal by a kiss4 ,and then8 ,why1 then--thick curtains of ,night rushed over his soul1 as rose the immeasurable ,crash of ,doom2 and through the ruins as of a shivered ,universe was he falling1 falling1 towards the ,abyss4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,sorrows ,,of ,,teufelsdrockh4 ,we have long felt that1 with a man like our ,professor1 matters must often be expected to take a course of their own2 that in so multiplex1 intricate a nature1 there might be channels1 both for admitting and emitting1 such as the ,psychologist had seldom noted2 in short1 that on no grand occasion and convulsion1 neither in the joy-storm nor in the woe-storm could you predict his demeanor4 ,to our less philosophical readers1 for example1 it is now clear that the so passionate ,teufelsdrockh precipitated through a shivered ,universe in this extraordinary way1 has only one of three things which he can next do3 ,establish himself in ,bedlam2 begin writing ,satanic ,poetry2 or blow out his brains4 ,in the progress towards any of which consummations1 do not such readers anticipate extravagance enough2 breast-beating1 brow-beating 7against walls71 lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like1 stampings1 smitings1 breakages of furniture1 if not arson itself8 ,nowise so does ,teufelsdrockh deport him4 ,he quietly lifts his ,pilgerstab 7,pilgrim-staff71 old business being soon wound up2 and begins a perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous ,globe6 ,curious it is1 indeed1 how with such vivacity of conception1 such intensity of feeling1 above all1 with these unconscionable habits of ,exaggeration in speech1 he combines that wonderful stillness of his1 that stoicism in external procedure4 ,thus1 if his sudden bereavement1 in this matter of the ,flower-goddess1 is talked of as a real ,doomsday and ,dissolution of ,nature1 in which light doubtless it partly appeared to himself1 his own nature is nowise dissolved thereby2 but rather is compressed closer4 ,for once1 as we might say1 a ,blumine by magic appliances has unlocked that shut heart of his1 and its hidden things rush out tumultuous1 boundless1 like genii enfranchised from their glass vial3 but no sooner are your magic appliances withdrawn1 than the strange casket of a heart springs to again2 and perhaps there is now no key extant that will open it2 for a ,teufelsdrockh as we remarked1 will not love a second time4 ,singular ,diogenes6 ,no sooner has that heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place1 than he affects to regard it as a thing natural1 of which there is nothing more to be said4 ,one highest hope1 seemingly legible in the eyes of an ,angel1 had recalled him as out of ,death-shadows into celestial ,life3 but a gleam of ,tophet passed over the face of his ,angel2 he was rapt away in whirlwinds1 and heard the laughter of ,demons4 ,it was a ,calenture1 adds he1 whereby the ,youth saw green ,paradise-groves in the waste ,ocean-waters3 a lying vision1 yet not wholly a lie1 for he saw it4 ,but what things soever passed in him1 when he ceased to see it2 what ragings and despairings soever ,teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of1 he has the goodness to conceal under a quite opaque cover of ,silence4 ,we know it well2 the first mad paroxysm past1 our brave ,gneschen collected his dismembered philosophies1 and buttoned himself together2 he was meek1 silent1 or spoke of the weather and the ,journals3 only by a transient knitting of those shaggy brows1 by some deep flash of those eyes1 glancing one knew not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire1--might you have guessed what a ,gehenna was within3 that a whole ,satanic ,school were spouting1 though inaudibly1 there4 ,to consume your own choler1 as some chimneys consume their own smoke2 to keep a whole ,satanic ,school spouting1 if it must spout1 inaudibly1 is a negative yet no slight virtue1 nor one of the commonest in these times4 ,nevertheless1 we will not take upon us to say1 that in the strange measure he fell upon1 there was not a touch of latent ,insanity2 whereof indeed the actual condition of these ,documents in ,capricornus and ,aquarius is no bad emblem4 ,his so unlimited ,wanderings1 toilsome enough1 are without assigned or perhaps assignable aim2 internal ,unrest seems his sole guidance2 he wanders1 wanders1 as if that curse of the ,prophet had fallen on him1 and he were made like unto a wheel4 ,doubtless1 too1 the chaotic nature of these ,paper-bags aggravates our obscurity4 ,quite without note of preparation1 for example1 we come upon the following slip3 ,a peculiar feeling it is that will rise in the ,traveller1 when turning some hill-range in his desert road1 he descries lying far below1 embosomed among its groves and green natural bulwarks1 and all diminished to a toy-box1 the fair ,town1 where so many souls1 as it were seen and yet unseen1 are driving their multifarious traffic4 ,its white steeple is then truly a starward-pointing finger2 the canopy of blue smoke seems like a sort of ,lifebreath3 for always1 of its own unity1 the soul gives unity to whatsoever it looks on with love2 thus does the little ,dwelling-place of men1 in itself a congeries of houses and huts1 become for us an individual1 almost a person4 ,but what thousand other thoughts unite thereto1 if the place has to ourselves been the arena of joyous or mournful experiences2 if perhaps the cradle we were rocked in still stands there1 if our ,loving ones still dwell there1 if our ,buried ones there slumber6 ,does ,teufelsdrockh as the wounded eagle is said to make for its own eyrie1 and indeed military deserters1 and all hunted outcast creatures1 turn as if by instinct in the direction of their birthland1--fly first1 in this extremity1 towards his native ,entepfuhl2 but reflecting that there no help awaits him1 take only one wistful look from the distance1 and then wend elsewhither8 ,little happier seems to be his next flight3 into the wilds of ,nature2 as if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing4 ,so at least we incline to interpret the following ,notice1 separated from the former by some considerable space1 wherein1 however1 is nothing noteworthy3-- ,mountains were not new to him2 but rarely are ,mountains seen in such combined majesty and grace as here4 ,the rocks are of that sort called ,primitive by the mineralogists1 which always arrange themselves in masses of a rugged1 gigantic character2 which ruggedness1 however1 is here tempered by a singular airiness of form1 and softness of environment3 in a climate favorable to vegetation1 the gray cliff1 itself covered with lichens1 shoots up through a garment of foliage or verdure2 and white1 bright cottages1 tree-shaded1 cluster round the everlasting granite4 ,in fine vicissitude1 ,beauty alternates with ,grandeur3 you ride through stony hollows1 along strait passes1 traversed by torrents1 overhung by high walls of rock2 now winding amid broken shaggy chasms1 and huge fragments2 now suddenly emerging into some emerald valley1 where the streamlet collects itself into a ,lake1 and man has again found a fair dwelling1 and it seems as if ,peace had established herself in the bosom of ,strength4 ,to ,peace1 however1 in this vortex of existence1 can the ,son of ,time not pretend3 still less if some ,spectre haunt him from the ,past2 and the ,future is wholly a ,stygian ,darkness1 spectre-bearing4 ,reasonably might the ,wanderer exclaim to himself3 ,are not the gates of this world's happiness inexorably shut against thee2 hast thou a hope that is not mad8 ,nevertheless1 one may still murmur audibly1 or in the original ,greek if that suit thee better3 ',whoso can look on ,death will start at no shadows4' ,from such meditations is the ,wanderer's attention called outwards2 for now the ,valley closes in abruptly1 intersected by a huge mountain mass1 the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on horseback4 ,arrived aloft1 he finds himself again lifted into the evening sunset light2 and cannot but pause1 and gaze round him1 some moments there4 ,an upland irregular expanse of wold1 where valleys in complex branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every quarter of the sky4 ,the mountain-ranges are beneath your feet1 and folded together3 only the loftier summits look down here and there as on a second plain2 lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude4 ,no trace of man now visible2 unless indeed it were he who fashioned that little visible link of ,highway1 here1 as would seem1 scaling the inaccessible1 to unite ,province with ,province4 ,but sunwards1 lo you6 how it towers sheer up1 a world of ,mountains1 the diadem and centre of the mountain region6 ,a hundred and a hundred savage peaks1 in the last light of ,day2 all glowing1 of gold and amethyst1 like giant spirits of the wilderness2 there in their silence1 in their solitude1 even as on the night when ,noah's ,deluge first dried6 ,beautiful1 nay solemn1 was the sudden aspect to our ,wanderer4 ,he gazed over those stupendous masses with wonder1 almost with longing desire2 never till this hour had he known ,nature1 that she was ,one1 that she was his ,mother and divine4 ,and as the ruddy glow was fading into clearness in the sky1 and the ,sun had now departed1 a murmur of ,eternity and ,immensity1 of ,death and of ,life1 stole through his soul2 and he felt as if ,death and ,life were one1 as if the ,earth were not dead1 as if the ,spirit of the ,earth had its throne in that splendor1 and his own spirit were therewith holding communion4 ,the spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels4 ,emerging from the hidden ,northward1 to sink soon into the hidden ,southward1 came a gay ,barouche-and-four3 it was open2 servants and postilions wore wedding favors3 that happy pair1 then1 had found each other1 it was their marriage evening6 ,few moments brought them near3 ,du ,himmel6 ,it was ,herr ,towgood and--,blumine6 ,with slight unrecognizing salutation they passed me2 plunged down amid the neighboring thickets1 onwards1 to ,heaven1 and to ,england2 and ,i1 in my friend ,richter's words1 ,i remained alone1 behind them1 with the ,night4 ,were it not cruel in these circumstances1 here might be the place to insert an observation1 gleaned long ago from the great ,clothes-,volume1 where it stands with quite other intent3 ,some time before ,small-pox was extirpated1 says the ,professor1 there came a new malady of the spiritual sort on ,europe3 ,i mean the epidemic1 now endemical1 of ,view-hunting4 ,poets of old date1 being privileged with ,senses1 had also enjoyed external ,nature2 but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which holds good or bad liquor for us2 that is to say1 in silence1 or with slight incidental commentary3 never1 as ,i compute1 till after the ,sorrows of ,werter1 was there man found who would say3 ,come let us make a ,description6 ,having drunk the liquor1 come let us eat the glass6 ,of which endemic the ,jenner is unhappily still to seek4 ,too true6 ,we reckon it more important to remark that the ,professor's ,wanderings1 so far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear insight1 here first take their permanent character1 fatuous or not4 ,that ,basilisk-glance of the ,barouche-and-four seems to have withered up what little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him3 ,life has become wholly a dark labyrinth2 wherein1 through long years1 our ,friend1 flying from spectres1 has to stumble about at random1 and naturally with more haste than progress4 ,foolish were it in us to attempt following him1 even from afar1 in this extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his2 the simplest record of which1 were clear record possible1 would fill volumes4 ,hopeless is the obscurity1 unspeakable the confusion4 ,he glides from country to country1 from condition to condition2 vanishing and reappearing1 no man can calculate how or where4 ,through all quarters of the world he wanders1 and apparently through all circles of society4 ,if in any scene1 perhaps difficult to fix geographically1 he settles for a time1 and forms connections1 be sure he will snap them abruptly asunder4 ,let him sink out of sight as ,private ,scholar 7,privatsirender71 living by the grace of ,god in some ,european capital1 you may next find him as ,hadjee in the neighborhood of ,mecca4 ,it is an inexplicable ,phantasmagoria1 capricious1 quick-changing2 as if our ,traveller1 instead of limbs and highways1 had transported himself by some wishing-carpet1 or ,fortunatus' ,hat4 ,the whole1 too1 imparted emblematically1 in dim multifarious tokens 7as that collection of ,street-,advertisements72 with only some touch of direct historical notice sparingly interspersed3 little light-islets in the world of haze6 ,so that1 from this point1 the ,professor is more of an enigma than ever4 ,in figurative language1 we might say he becomes1 not indeed a spirit1 yet spiritualized1 vaporized4 ,fact unparalleled in ,biography3 ,the river of his ,history1 which we have traced from its tiniest fountains1 and hoped to see flow onward1 with increasing current1 into the ocean1 here dashes itself over that terrific ,lover's ,leap2 and1 as a mad-foaming cataract1 flies wholly into tumultuous clouds of spray6 ,low down it indeed collects again into pools and plashes2 yet only at a great distance1 and with difficulty1 if at all1 into a general stream4 ,to cast a glance into certain of those pools and plashes1 and trace whither they run1 must1 for a chapter or two1 form the limit of our endeavor4 ,for which end doubtless those direct historical ,notices1 where they can be met with1 are the best4 ,nevertheless1 of this sort too there occurs much1 which1 with our present light1 it were questionable to emit4 ,teufelsdrockh vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest levels1 comes into contact with public ,history itself4 ,for example1 those conversations and relations with illustrious ,persons1 as ,sultan ,mahmoud1 the ,emperor ,napoleon1 and others1 are they not as yet rather of a diplomatic character than of a biographic8 ,the ,editor1 appreciating the sacredness of crowned heads1 nay perhaps suspecting the possible trickeries of a ,clothes-,philosopher1 will eschew this province for the present2 a new time may bring new insight and a different duty4 ,if we ask now1 not indeed with what ulterior ,purpose1 for there was none1 yet with what immediate outlooks2 at all events1 in what mood of mind1 the ,professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage1--the answer is more distinct than favorable4 ,a nameless ,unrest1 says he1 urged me forward2 to which the outward motion was some momentary lying solace4 ,whither should ,i go8 ,my ,loadstars were blotted out2 in that canopy of grim fire shone no star4 ,yet forward must ,i2 the ground burnt under me2 there was no rest for the sole of my foot4 ,i was alone1 alone6 ,ever too the strong inward longing shaped ,phantasms for itself3 towards these1 one after the other1 must ,i fruitlessly wander4 ,a feeling ,i had1 that for my fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing ,fountain4 ,to many fondly imagined ,fountains1 the ,saints' ,wells of these days1 did ,i pilgrim2 to great ,men1 to great ,cities1 to great ,events3 but found there no healing4 ,in strange countries1 as in the well-known2 in savage deserts1 as in the press of corrupt civilization1 it was ever the same3 how could your ,wanderer escape from--his own ,shadow8 ,nevertheless still ,forward6 ,i felt as if in great haste2 to do ,i saw not what4 ,from the depths of my own heart1 it called to me1 ,forwards6 ,the winds and the streams1 and all ,nature sounded to me1 ,forwards6 ,ach ,gott1 ,i was even1 once for all1 a ,son of ,time4 ,from which is it not clear that the internal ,satanic ,school was still active enough8 ,he says elsewhere3 ,the ,enchiridion of ,epictetus ,i had ever with me1 often as my sole rational companion2 and regret to mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling4 ,thou foolish ,teufelsdrockh ,how could it else8 ,hadst thou not ,greek enough to understand thus much3 ,the end of ,man is an ,action1 and not a ,thought1 though it were the noblest8 ,how ,i lived8 writes he once3 ,friend1 hast thou considered the 'rugged all-nourishing ,earth1' as ,sophocles well names her2 how she feeds the sparrow on the house-top1 much more her darling1 man8 ,while thou stirrest and livest1 thou hast a probability of victual4 ,my breakfast of tea has been cooked by a ,tartar woman1 with water of the ,amur1 who wiped her earthen kettle with a horse-tail4 ,i have roasted wild eggs in the sand of ,sahara2 ,i have awakened in ,paris ,estrapades and ,vienna ,malzleins1 with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid4 ,that ,i had my ,living to seek saved me from ,dying1--by suicide4 ,in our busy ,europe1 is there not an everlasting demand for ,intellect1 in the chemical1 mechanical1 political1 religious1 educational1 commercial departments8 ,in ,pagan countries1 cannot one write ,fetishes8 ,living6 ,little knowest thou what alchemy is in an inventive ,soul2 how1 as with its little finger1 it can create provision enough for the body 7of a ,philosopher72 and then1 as with both hands1 create quite other than provision2 namely1 spectres to torment itself withal4 ,poor ,teufelsdrockh6 ,flying with ,hunger always parallel to him2 and a whole ,infernal ,chase in his rear2 so that the countenance of ,hunger is comparatively a friend's6 ,thus must he1 in the temper of ancient ,cain1 or of the modern ,wandering ,jew1--save only that he feels himself not guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt1--wend to and fro with aimless speed4 ,thus must he1 over the whole surface of the ,earth 7by footprints71 write his ,sorrows of ,teufelsdrockh2 even as the great ,goethe1 in passionate words1 had to write his ,sorrows of ,werter1 before the spirit freed herself1 and he could become a ,man4 ,vain truly is the hope of your swiftest ,runner to escape from his own ,shadow6 ,nevertheless1 in these sick days1 when the ,born of ,heaven first descries himself 7about the age of twenty7 in a world such as ours1 richer than usual in two things1 in ,truths grown obsolete1 and ,trades grown obsolete1--what can the fool think but that it is all a ,den of ,lies1 wherein whoso will not speak ,lies and act ,lies1 must stand idle and despair8 ,whereby it happens that1 for your nobler minds1 the publishing of some such ,work of ,art1 in one or the other dialect1 becomes almost a necessity4 ,for what is it properly but an ,altercation with the ,devil1 before you begin honestly ,fighting him8 ,your ,byron publishes his ,sorrows of ,lord ,george1 in verse and in prose1 and copiously otherwise3 your ,bonaparte represents his ,sorrows of ,napoleon ,opera1 in an all-too stupendous style2 with music of cannon-volleys1 and murder-shrieks of a world2 his stage-lights are the fires of ,conflagration2 his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of embattled ,hosts and the sound of falling ,cities4--,happier is he who1 like our ,clothes-,philosopher1 can write such matter1 since it must be written1 on the insensible ,earth1 with his shoe-soles only2 and also survive the writing thereof6 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,everlasting ,,no4 ,under the strange nebulous envelopment1 wherein our ,professor has now shrouded himself1 no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless progressive1 and growing3 for how can the ,son of ,time1 in any case1 stand still8 ,we behold him1 through those dim years1 in a state of crisis1 of transition3 his mad ,pilgrimings1 and general solution into aimless ,discontinuity1 what is all this but a mad ,fermentation2 wherefrom the fiercer it is1 the clearer product will one day evolve itself8 ,such transitions are ever full of pain3 thus the ,eagle when he moults is sickly2 and1 to attain his new beak1 must harshly dash off the old one upon rocks4 ,what ,stoicism soever our ,wanderer1 in his individual acts and motions1 may affect1 it is clear that there is a hot fever of anarchy and misery raging within2 coruscations of which flash out3 as1 indeed1 how could there be other8 ,have we not seen him disappointed1 bemocked of ,destiny1 through long years8 ,all that the young heart might desire and pray for has been denied2 nay1 as in the last worst instance1 offered and then snatched away4 ,ever an excellent ,passivity2 but of useful1 reasonable ,activity1 essential to the former as ,food to ,hunger1 nothing granted3 till at length1 in this wild ,pilgrimage1 he must forcibly seize for himself an ,activity1 though useless1 unreasonable4 ,alas1 his cup of bitterness1 which had been filling drop by drop1 ever since that first ruddy morning in the ,hinterschlag ,gymnasium1 was at the very lip2 and then with that poison-drop1 of the ,towgood-and-,blumine business1 it runs over1 and even hisses over in a deluge of foam4 ,he himself says once1 with more justness than originality3 ,men is1 properly speaking1 based upon ,hope1 he has no other possession but ,hope2 this world of his is emphatically the ,place of ,hope4 ,what1 then1 was our ,professor's possession8 ,we see him1 for the present1 quite shut out from ,hope2 looking not into the golden orient1 but vaguely all round into a dim copper firmament1 pregnant with earthquake and tornado4 ,alas1 shut out from ,hope1 in a deeper sense than we yet dream of6 ,for1 as he wanders wearisomely through this world1 he has now lost all tidings of another and higher4 ,full of religion1 or at least of religiosity1 as our ,friend has since exhibited himself1 he hides not that1 in those days1 he was wholly irreligious3 ,doubt had darkened into ,unbelief1 says he2 shade after shade goes grimly over your soul1 till you have the fixed1 starless1 ,tartarean black4 ,to such readers as have reflected1 what can be called reflecting1 on man's life1 and happily discovered1 in contradiction to much ,profit-and-,loss ,philosophy1 speculative and practical1 that ,soul is not synonymous with ,stomach2 who understand1 therefore1 in our ,friend's words1 that1 for man's well-being1 ,faith is properly the one thing needful2 how1 with it1 ,martyrs1 otherwise weak1 can cheerfully endure the shame and the cross2 and without it1 ,worldlings puke up their sick existence1 by suicide1 in the midst of luxury3 to such it will be clear that1 for a pure moral nature1 the loss of his religious ,belief was the loss of everything4 ,unhappy young man6 ,all wounds1 the crush of long-continued ,destitution1 the stab of false ,friendship and of false ,love1 all wounds in thy so genial heart1 would have healed again1 had not its life-warmth been withdrawn4 ,well might he exclaim1 in his wild way3 ,is there no ,god1 then2 but at best an absentee ,god1 sitting idle1 ever since the first ,sabbath1 at the outside of his ,universe1 and seeing it go8 ,has the word ,duty no meaning2 is what we call ,duty no divine ,messenger and ,guide1 but a false earthly ,phantasm1 made up of ,desire and ,fear1 of emanations from the ,gallows and from ,doctor ,graham's ,celestial-,bed8 ,happiness of an approving ,conscience6 ,did not ,paul of ,tarsus1 whom admiring men have since named ,saint1 feel that he was 'the chief of sinners2' and ,nero of ,rome1 jocund in spirit 7wohlgemuth71 spend much of his time in fiddling8 ,foolish ,wordmonger and ,motive-grinder1 who in thy ,logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the ,godlike itself1 and wouldst fain grind me out ,virtue from the husks of ,pleasure1--,i tell thee1 ,nay6 ,to the unregenerate ,prometheus ,vinctus of a man1 it is ever the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of ,virtue1 that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only1 but of injustice4 ,what then8 ,is the heroic inspiration we name ,virtue but some ,passion2 some bubble of the blood1 bubbling in the direction others profit by8 ,i know not3 only this ,i know1 ,if what thou namest ,happiness be our true aim1 then are we all astray4 ,with ,stupidity and sound ,digestion man may front much4 ,but what1 in these dull unimaginative days1 are the terrors of ,conscience to the diseases of the ,liver6 ,not on ,morality1 but on ,cookery1 let us build our stronghold3 there brandishing our frying-pan1 as censer1 let us offer sweet incense to the ,devil1 and live at ease on the fat things he has provided for his ,elect6 ,thus has the bewildered ,wanderer to stand1 as so many have done1 shouting question after question into the ,sibyl-cave of ,destiny1 and receive no ,answer but an ,echo4 ,it is all a grim ,desert1 this once-fair world of his2 wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts1 or the shrieks of despairing1 hate-filled men2 and no ,pillar of ,cloud by day1 and no ,pillar of ,fire by night1 any longer guides the ,pilgrim4 ,to such length has the spirit of ,inquiry carried him4 ,but what boots it 7was thut's78 cries he3 it is but the common lot in this era4 ,not having come to spiritual majority prior to the ,siecle de ,louis ,quinze1 and not being born purely a ,loghead 7,dummkopf 71 thou hadst no other outlook4 ,the whole world is1 like thee1 sold to ,unbelief2 their old ,temples of the ,godhead1 which for long have not been rain-proof1 crumble down2 and men ask now3 ,where is the ,godhead2 our eyes never saw him8 ,pitiful enough were it1 for all these wild utterances1 to call our ,diogenes wicked4 ,unprofitable servants as we all are1 perhaps at no era of his life was he more decisively the ,servant of ,goodness1 the ,servant of ,god1 than even now when doubting ,god's existence4 ,one circumstance ,i note1 says he3 after all the nameless woe that ,inquiry1 which for me1 what it is not always1 was genuine ,love of ,truth1 had wrought me6 ,i nevertheless still loved ,truth1 and would bate no jot of my allegiance to her4 ',truth6' ,i cried1 'though the ,heavens crush me for following her3 no ,falsehood6 though a whole celestial ,lubberland were the price of ,apostasy4' ,in conduct it was the same4 ,had a divine ,messenger from the clouds1 or miraculous ,handwriting on the wall1 convincingly proclaimed to me ,this thou shalt do1 with what passionate readiness1 as ,i often thought1 would ,i have done it1 had it been leaping into the infernal ,fire4 ,thus1 in spite of all ,motive-grinders1 and ,mechanical ,profit-and-,loss ,philosophies1 with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination they had brought on1 was the ,infinite nature of ,duty still dimly present to me3 living without ,god in the world1 of ,god's light ,i was not utterly bereft2 if my as yet sealed eyes1 with their unspeakable longing1 could nowhere see ,him1 nevertheless in my heart ,he was present1 and ,his heaven-written ,law still stood legible and sacred there4 ,meanwhile1 under all these tribulations1 and temporal and spiritual destitutions1 what must the ,wanderer1 in his silent soul1 have endured6 ,the painfullest feeling1 writes he1 is that of your own ,feebleness 7,unkraft72 ever1 as the ,english ,milton says1 to be weak is the true misery4 ,and yet of your ,strength there is and can be no clear feeling1 save by what you have prospered in1 by what you have done4 ,between vague wavering ,capability and fixed indubitable ,performance1 what a difference6 ,a certain inarticulate ,self-consciousness dwells dimly in us2 which only our ,works can render articulate and decisively discernible4 ,our ,works are the mirror wherein the spirit first sees its natural lineaments4 ,hence1 too1 the folly of that impossible ,precept1 ,know thyself2 till it be translated into this partially possible one1 ,know what thou canst work at4 ,but for me1 so strangely unprosperous had ,i been1 the net-result of my ,workings amounted as yet simply to--,nothing4 ,how then could ,i believe in my ,strength1 when there was as yet no mirror to see it in8 ,ever did this agitating1 yet1 as ,i now perceive1 quite frivolous question1 remain to me insoluble3 ,hast thou a certain ,faculty1 a certain ,worth1 such even as the most have not2 or art thou the completest ,dullard of these modern times8 ,alas1 the fearful ,unbelief is unbelief in yourself2 and how could ,i believe8 ,had not my first1 last ,faith in myself1 when even to me the ,heavens seemed laid open1 and ,i dared to love1 been all too cruelly belied8 ,the speculative ,mystery of ,life grew ever more mysterious to me3 neither in the practical ,mystery had ,i made the slightest progress1 but been everywhere buffeted1 foiled1 and contemptuously cast out4 ,a feeble unit in the middle of a threatening ,infinitude1 ,i seemed to have nothing given me but eyes1 whereby to discern my own wretchedness4 ,invisible yet impenetrable walls1 as of ,enchantment1 divided me from all living3 was there1 in the wide world1 any true bosom ,i could press trustfully to mine8 ,o ,heaven1 ,no1 there was none6 ,i kept a lock upon my lips3 why should ,i speak much with that shifting variety of so-called ,friends1 in whose withered1 vain and too-hungry souls ,friendship was but an incredible tradition8 ,in such cases1 your resource is to talk little1 and that little mostly from the ,newspapers4 ,now when ,i look back1 it was a strange isolation ,i then lived in4 ,the men and women around me1 even speaking with me1 were but ,figures2 ,i had1 practically1 forgotten that they were alive1 that they were not merely automatic4 ,in the midst of their crowded streets and assemblages1 ,i walked solitary2 and 7except as it was my own heart1 not another's1 that ,i kept devouring7 savage also1 as the tiger in his jungle4 ,some comfort it would have been1 could ,i1 like a ,faust1 have fancied myself tempted and tormented of the ,devil2 for a ,hell1 as ,i imagine1 without ,life1 though only diabolic ,life1 were more frightful3 but in our age of ,down-pulling and ,disbelief1 the very ,devil has been pulled down1 you cannot so much as believe in a ,devil4 ,to me the ,universe was all void of ,life1 of ,purpose1 of ,volition1 even of ,hostility3 it was one huge1 dead1 immeasurable ,steam-engine1 rolling on1 in its dead indifference1 to grind me limb from limb4 ,oh1 the vast1 gloomy1 solitary ,golgotha1 and ,mill of ,death6 ,why was the ,living banished thither companionless1 conscious8 ,why1 if there is no ,devil2 nay1 unless the ,devil is your ,god8 ,a prey incessantly to such corrosions1 might not1 moreover1 as the worst aggravation to them1 the iron constitution even of a ,teufelsdrockh threaten to fail8 ,we conjecture that he has known sickness2 and1 in spite of his locomotive habits1 perhaps sickness of the chronic sort4 ,hear this1 for example3 ,how beautiful to die of broken-heart1 on ,paper6 ,quite another thing in practice2 every window of your ,feeling1 even of your ,intellect1 as it were1 begrimed and mud-bespattered1 so that no pure ray can enter2 a whole ,drug-shop in your inwards2 the fordone soul drowning slowly in quagmires of ,disgust6 ,putting all which external and internal miseries together1 may we not find in the following sentences1 quite in our ,professor's still vein1 significance enough8 ,from ,suicide a certain after-shine 7,nachschein7 of ,christianity withheld me3 perhaps also a certain indolence of character2 for1 was not that a remedy ,i had at any time within reach8 ,often1 however1 was there a question present to me3 ,should some one now1 at the turning of that corner1 blow thee suddenly out of ,space1 into the other ,world1 or other ,no-world1 by pistol-shot1--how were it8 ,on which ground1 too1 ,i have often1 in sea-storms and sieged cities and other death-scenes1 exhibited an imperturbability1 which passed1 falsely enough1 for courage4 ,so had it lasted1 concludes the ,wanderer1 so had it lasted1 as in bitter protracted ,death-agony1 through long years4 ,the heart within me1 unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop1 was smouldering in sulphurous1 slow-consuming fire4 ,almost since earliest memory ,i had shed no tear2 or once only when ,i1 murmuring half-audibly1 recited ,faust's ,death-song1 that wild ,selig der den er im ,siegesglanze findet 7,happy whom he finds in ,battle's splendor71 and thought that of this last ,friend even ,i was not forsaken1 that ,destiny itself could not doom me not to die4 ,having no hope1 neither had ,i any definite fear1 were it of ,man or of ,devil3 nay1 ,i often felt as if it might be solacing1 could the ,arch-,devil himself1 though in ,tartarean terrors1 but rise to me1 that ,i might tell him a little of my mind4 ,and yet1 strangely enough1 ,i lived in a continual1 indefinite1 pining fear2 tremulous1 pusillanimous1 apprehensive of ,i knew not what3 it seemed as if all things in the ,heavens above and the ,earth beneath would hurt me2 as if the ,heavens and the ,earth were but boundless jaws of a devouring monster1 wherein ,i1 palpitating1 waited to be devoured4 ,full of such humor1 and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole ,french ,capital or ,suburbs1 was ,i1 one sultry ,dog-day1 after much perambulation1 toiling along the dirty little ,rue ,saint-,thomas de l',enfer1 among civic rubbish enough1 in a close atmosphere1 and over pavements hot as ,nebuchadnezzar's ,furnace2 whereby doubtless my spirits were little cheered2 when1 all at once1 there rose a ,thought in me1 and ,i asked myself3 ',what art thou afraid of8 ,wherefore1 like a coward1 dost thou forever pip and whimper1 and go cowering and trembling8 ,despicable biped6 what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee8 ,death8 ,well1 ,death2 and say the pangs of ,tophet too1 and all that the ,devil and ,man may1 will or can do against thee6 ,hast thou not a heart2 canst thou not suffer whatsoever it be2 and1 as a ,child of ,freedom1 though outcast1 trample ,tophet itself under thy feet1 while it consumes thee8 ,let it come1 then2 ,i will meet it and defy it6' ,and as ,i so thought1 there rushed like a stream of fire over my whole soul2 and ,i shook base ,fear away from me forever4 ,i was strong1 of unknown strength2 a spirit1 almost a god4 ,ever from that time1 the temper of my misery was changed3 not ,fear or whining ,sorrow was it1 but ,indignation and grim fire-eyed ,defiance4 ,thus had the ,,everlasting ,,no 7das ewige ,nein7 pealed authoritatively through all the recesses of my ,being1 of my ,,me2 and then was it that my whole ,,me stood up1 in native ,god-created majesty1 and with emphasis recorded its ,protest4 ,such a ,protest1 the most important transaction in ,life1 may that same ,indignation and ,defiance1 in a psychological point of view1 be fitly called4 ,the ,everlasting ,no had said3 ',behold1 thou art fatherless1 outcast1 and the ,universe is mine 7the ,devil's72' to which my whole ,me now made answer3 ',i am not thine1 but ,free1 and forever hate thee6' ,it is from this hour that ,i incline to date my ,spiritual ,new-birth1 or ,baphometic ,fire-baptism2 perhaps ,i directly thereupon began to be a ,man4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,centre ,,of ,,indifference4 ,though1 after this ,baphometic ,fire-baptism of his1 our ,wanderer signifies that his ,unrest was but increased2 as1 indeed1 ,indignation and ,defiance1 especially against things in general1 are not the most peaceable inmates2 yet can the ,psychologist surmise that it was no longer a quite hopeless ,unrest2 that henceforth it had at least a fixed centre to revolve round4 ,for the fire-baptized soul1 long so scathed and thunder-riven1 here feels its own ,freedom1 which feeling is its ,baphometic ,baptism3 the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault1 and will keep inexpugnable2 outwards from which the remaining dominions1 not indeed without hard battling1 will doubtless by degrees be conquered and pacificated4 ,under another figure1 we might say1 if in that great moment1 in the ,rue ,saint-,thomas de l',enfer1 the old inward ,satanic ,school was not yet thrown out of doors1 it received peremptory judicial notice to quit2--whereby1 for the rest1 its howl-chantings1 ,ernulphus-cursings1 and rebellious gnashings of teeth1 might1 in the mean while1 become only the more tumultuous1 and difficult to keep secret4 ,accordingly1 if we scrutinize these ,pilgrimings well1 there is perhaps discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness4 ,not wholly as a ,spectre does ,teufelsdrockh now storm through the world2 at worst as a spectra-fighting ,man1 nay who will one day be a ,spectre-queller4 ,if pilgriming restlessly to so many ,saints' ,wells1 and ever without quenching of his thirst1 he nevertheless finds little secular wells1 whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered4 ,in a word1 he is now1 if not ceasing1 yet intermitting to eat his own heart2 and clutches round him outwardly on the ,,not-,,me for wholesomer food4 ,does not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural state8 ,towns also and ,cities1 especially the ancient1 ,i failed not to look upon with interest4 ,how beautiful to see thereby1 as through a long vista1 into the remote ,time2 to have1 as it were1 an actual section of almost the earliest ,past brought safe into the ,present1 and set before your eyes6 ,there1 in that old ,city1 was a live ember of ,culinary ,fire put down1 say only two thousand years ago2 and there1 burning more or less triumphantly1 with such fuel as the region yielded1 it has burnt1 and still burns1 and thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof4 ,ah6 and the far more mysterious live ember of ,vital ,fire was then also put down there2 and still miraculously burns and spreads2 and the smoke and ashes thereof 7in these ,judgment-,halls and ,churchyards71 and its bellows-engines 7in these ,churches71 thou still seest2 and its flame1 looking out from every kind countenance1 and every hateful one1 still warms thee or scorches thee4 ,of ,man's ,activity and ,attainment the chief results are aeriform1 mystic1 and preserved in ,tradition only3 such are his ,forms of ,government1 with the ,authority they rest on2 his ,customs1 or ,fashions both of ,cloth-habits and of ,soul-habits2 much more his collective stock of ,handicrafts1 the whole ,faculty he has acquired of manipulating ,nature3 all these things1 as indispensable and priceless as they are1 cannot in any way be fixed under lock and key1 but must flit1 spirit-like1 on impalpable vehicles1 from ,father to ,son2 if you demand sight of them1 they are nowhere to be met with4 ,visible ,ploughmen and ,hammermen there have been1 ever from ,cain and ,tubal-cain downwards3 but where does your accumulated ,agricultural1 ,metallurgic1 and other ,manufacturing ,,skill lie warehoused8 ,it transmits itself on the atmospheric air1 on the sun's rays 7by ,hearing and by ,vision72 it is a thing aeriform1 impalpable1 of quite spiritual sort4 ,in like manner1 ask me not1 ,where are the ,,laws2 where is the ,,government8 ,in vain wilt thou go to ,schonbrunn1 to ,downing ,street1 to the ,palais ,bourbon2 thou findest nothing there but brick or stone houses1 and some bundles of ,papers tied with tape4 ,where1 then1 is that same cunningly devised almighty ,,government of theirs to be laid hands on8 ,everywhere1 yet nowhere3 seen only in its works1 this too is a thing aeriform1 invisible2 or if you will1 mystic and miraculous4 ,so spiritual 7geistig7 is our whole daily ,life3 all that we do springs out of ,mystery1 ,spirit1 invisible ,force2 only like a little ,cloud-image1 or ,armida's ,palace1 air-built1 does the ,actual body itself forth from the great mystic ,deep4 ,visible and tangible products of the ,past1 again1 ,i reckon up to the extent of three3 ,cities1 with their ,cabinets and ,arsenals2 then tilled ,fields1 to either or to both of which divisions ,roads with their ,bridges may belong2 and thirdly--,books4 ,in which third truly1 the last invented1 lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others4 ,wondrous indeed is the virtue of a true ,book4 ,not like a dead city of stones1 yearly crumbling1 yearly needing repair2 more like a tilled field1 but then a spiritual field3 like a spiritual tree1 let me rather say1 it stands from year to year1 and from age to age 7we have ,books that already number some hundred and fifty human ages72 and yearly comes its new produce of leaves 7,commentaries1 ,deductions1 ,philosophical1 ,political ,systems2 or were it only ,sermons1 ,pamphlets1 ,journalistic ,essays71 every one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic1 for it can persuade men4 ,o thou who art able to write a ,book1 which once in the two centuries or oftener there is a man gifted to do1 envy not him whom they name ,city-builder1 and inexpressibly pity him whom they name ,conqueror or ,city-burner6 ,thou too art a ,conqueror and ,victor2 but of the true sort1 namely over the ,devil3 thou too hast built what will outlast all marble and metal1 and be a wonder-bringing ,city of the ,mind1 a ,temple and ,seminary and ,prophetic ,mount1 whereto all kindreds of the ,earth will pilgrim4--,fool6 why journeyest thou wearisomely1 in thy antiquarian fervor1 to gaze on the stone pyramids of ,geeza1 or the clay ones of ,sacchara8 ,these stand there1 as ,i can tell thee1 idle and inert1 looking over the ,desert1 foolishly enough1 for the last three thousand years3 but canst thou not open thy ,hebrew ,,bible1 then1 or even ,luther's ,version thereof8 ,no less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in ,battle1 yet on some ,battle-field2 which1 we soon gather1 must be that of ,wagram2 so that here1 for once1 is a certain approximation to distinctness of date4 ,omitting much1 let us impart what follows3-- ,horrible enough6 ,a whole ,marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters1 cannon-shot1 ruined tumbrils1 and dead men and horses2 stragglers still remaining not so much as buried4 ,and those red mould heaps2 ay1 there lie the ,shells of ,men1 out of which all the ,life and ,virtue has been blown2 and now are they swept together1 and crammed down out of sight1 like blown ,egg-shells6--,did ,nature1 when she bade the ,donau bring down his mould-cargoes from the ,carinthian and ,carpathian ,heights1 and spread them out here into the softest1 richest level1--intend thee1 ,o ,marchfeld1 for a corn-bearing ,nursery1 whereon her children might be nursed2 or for a ,cockpit1 wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and tattered8 ,were thy three broad ,highways1 meeting here from the ends of ,europe1 made for ,ammunition-wagons1 then8 ,were thy ,wagrams and ,stillfrieds but so many ready-built ,casemates1 wherein the house of ,hapsburg might batter with artillery1 and with artillery be battered8 ,konig ,ottokar1 amid yonder hillocks1 dies under ,rodolf's truncheon2 here ,kaiser ,franz falls a-swoon under ,napoleon's3 within which five centuries1 to omit the others1 how has thy breast1 fair ,plain1 been defaced and defiled6 ,the greensward is torn up and trampled down2 man's fond care of it1 his fruit-trees1 hedge-rows1 and pleasant dwellings1 blown away with gunpowder2 and the kind seedfield lies a desolate1 hideous ,place of ,skulls4--,nevertheless1 ,nature is at work2 neither shall these ,powder-,devilkins with their utmost devilry gainsay her3 but all that gore and carnage will be shrouded in1 absorbed into manure2 and next year the ,marchfeld will be green1 nay greener4 ,thrifty unwearied ,nature1 ever out of our great waste educing some little profit of thy own1--how dost thou1 from the very carcass of the ,killer1 bring ,life for the ,living6 ,what1 speaking in quite unofficial language1 is the net purport and upshot of war8 ,to my own knowledge1 for example1 there dwell and toil1 in the ,british village of ,dumdrudge1 usually some five hundred souls4 ,from these1 by certain ',natural ,enemies' of the ,french1 there are successively selected1 during the ,french war1 say thirty able-bodied men2 ,dumdrudge1 at her own expense1 has suckled and nursed them3 she has1 not without difficulty and sorrow1 fed them up to manhood1 and even trained them to crafts1 so that one can weave1 another build1 another hammer1 and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois4 ,nevertheless1 amid much weeping and swearing1 they are selected2 all dressed in red2 and shipped away1 at the public charges1 some two thousand miles1 or say only to the south of ,spain2 and fed there till wanted4 ,and now to that same spot1 in the south of ,spain1 are thirty similar ,french artisans1 from a ,french ,dumdrudge1 in like manner wending3 till at length1 after infinite effort1 the two parties come into actual juxtaposition2 and ,thirty stands fronting ,thirty1 each with a gun in his hand4 ,straightaway the word ',fire6' is given2 and they blow the souls out of one another2 and in place of sixty brisk useful craftsmen1 the world has sixty dead carcasses1 which it must bury1 and anew shed tears for4 ,had these men any quarrel8 ,busy as the ,devil is1 not the smallest6 ,they lived far enough apart2 were the entirest strangers2 nay1 in so wide a ,universe1 there was even1 unconsciously1 by ,commerce1 some mutual helpfulness between them4 ,how then8 ,simpleton6 their ,governors had fallen out2 and instead of shooting one another1 had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot4--,alas1 so is it in ,deutschland1 and hitherto in all other lands2 still as of old1 'what devilry soever ,kings do1 the ,greeks must pay the piper6'--,in that fiction of the ,english ,smollett1 it is true1 the final ,cessation of ,war is perhaps prophetically shadowed forth2 where the two ,natural ,enemies1 in person1 take each a ,tobacco-pipe1 filled with ,brimstone2 light the same1 and smoke in one another's faces1 till the weaker gives in3 but from such predicted ,peace-,era1 what blood-filled trenches1 and contentious centuries1 may still divide us6 ,thus can the ,professor1 at least in lucid intervals1 look away from his own sorrows1 over the many-colored world1 and pertinently enough note what is passing there4 ,we may remark1 indeed1 that for the matter of spiritual culture1 if for nothing else1 perhaps few periods of his life were richer than this4 ,internally1 there is the most momentous instructive ,course of ,practical ,philosophy1 with ,experiments1 going on2 towards the right comprehension of which his ,peripatetic habits1 favorable to ,meditation1 might help him rather than hinder4 ,externally1 again1 as he wanders to and fro1 there are1 if for the longing heart little substance1 yet for the seeing eye sights enough in these so boundless ,travels of his1 granting that the ,satanic ,school was even partially kept down1 what an incredible knowledge of our ,planet1 and its ,inhabitants and their ,works1 that is to say1 of all knowable things1 might not ,teufelsdrockh acquire6 ,i have read in most ,public ,libraries1 says he1 including those of ,constantinople and ,samarcand3 in most ,colleges1 except the ,chinese ,mandarin ones1 ,i have studied1 or seen that there was no studying4 ,unknown ,languages have ,i oftenest gathered from their natural repertory1 the ,air1 by my organ of ,hearing2 ,statistics1 ,geographics1 ,topographics came1 through the ,eye1 almost of their own accord4 ,the ways of ,man1 how he seeks food1 and warmth1 and protection for himself1 in most regions1 are ocularly known to me4 ,like the great ,hadrian1 ,i meted out much of the terraqueous ,globe with a pair of ,compasses that belonged to myself only4 ,of great ,scenes why speak8 ,three summer days1 ,i lingered reflecting1 and even composing 7dichtete71 by the ,pine-chasms of ,vaucluse2 and in that clear ,lakelet moistened my bread4 ,i have sat under the ,palm-trees of ,tadmor2 smoked a pipe among the ruins of ,babylon4 ,the great ,wall of ,china ,i have seen2 and can testify that it is of gray brick1 coped and covered with granite1 and shows only second-rate masonry4--,great ,events1 also1 have not ,i witnessed8 ,kings sweated down 7ausgemergelt7 into ,berlin-and-,milan ,customhouse-,officers2 the ,world well won1 and the ,world well lost2 oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot 7by each other7 in one day4 ,all kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together1 and shifted and shovelled into heaps1 that they might ferment there1 and in time unite4 ,the birth-pangs of ,democracy1 wherewith convulsed ,europe was groaning in cries that reached ,heaven1 could not escape me4 ,for great ,men ,i have ever had the warmest predilection2 and can perhaps boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me4 ,great ,men are the inspired 7speaking and acting7 ,texts of that divine ,,book ,,of ,,revelations1 whereof a ,chapter is completed from epoch to epoch1 and by some named ,,history2 to which inspired ,texts your numerous talented men1 and your innumerable untalented men1 are the better or worse exegetic ,commentaries1 and wagon-load of too-stupid1 heretical or orthodox1 weekly ,sermons4 ,for my study1 the inspired ,texts themselves6 ,thus did not ,i1 in very early days1 having disguised me as tavern-waiter1 stand behind the field-chairs1 under that shady ,tree at ,treisnitz by the ,jena ,highway2 waiting upon the great ,schiller and greater ,goethe2 and hearing what ,i have not forgotten4 ,for-- --,but at this point the ,editor recalls his principle of caution1 some time ago laid down1 and must suppress much4 ,let not the sacredness of ,laurelled1 still more1 of ,crowned ,heads1 be tampered with4 ,should we1 at a future day1 find circumstances altered1 and the time come for ,publication1 then may these glimpses into the privacy of the ,illustrious be conceded2 which for the present were little better than treacherous1 perhaps traitorous ,eavesdroppings4 ,of ,lord ,byron1 therefore1 of ,pope ,pius1 ,emperor ,tarakwang1 and the ,white ,water-roses 7,chinese ,carbonari7 with their mysteries1 no notice here6 ,of ,napoleon himself we shall only1 glancing from afar1 remark that ,teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to have been of very varied character4 ,at first we find our poor ,professor on the point of being shot as a spy2 then taken into private conversation1 even pinched on the ear1 yet presented with no money2 at last indignantly dismissed1 almost thrown out of doors1 as an ,ideologist4 ,he himself1 says the ,professor1 was among the completest ,ideologists1 at least ,ideopraxists3 in the ,idea 7in der ,idee7 he lived1 moved and fought4 ,the man was a ,divine ,missionary1 though unconscious of it2 and preached1 through the cannon's throat1 that great doctrine1 ,la carriere ouverte aux talens 7,the ,tools to him that can handle them71 which is our ultimate ,political ,evangel1 wherein alone can liberty lie4 ,madly enough he preached1 it is true1 as ,enthusiasts and first ,missionaries are wont1 with imperfect utterance1 amid much frothy rant2 yet as articulately perhaps as the case admitted4 ,or call him1 if you will1 an ,american ,backwoodsman1 who had to fell unpenetrated forests1 and battle with innumerable wolves1 and did not entirely forbear strong liquor1 rioting1 and even theft2 whom1 notwithstanding1 the peaceful ,sower will follow1 and1 as he cuts the boundless harvest1 bless4 ,more legitimate and decisively authentic is ,teufelsdrockh's appearance and emergence 7we know not well whence7 in the solitude of the ,north ,cape1 on that ,june ,midnight4 ,he has a light-blue ,spanish cloak hanging round him1 as his most commodious1 principal1 indeed sole upper-garment2 and stands there1 on the ,world-promontory1 looking over the infinite ,brine1 like a little blue ,belfry 7as we figure71 now motionless indeed1 yet ready1 if stirred1 to ring quaintest changes4 ,silence as of death1 writes he2 for ,midnight1 even in the ,arctic latitudes1 has its character3 nothing but the granite cliffs ruddy-tinged1 the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving ,polar ,ocean1 over which in the utmost ,north the great ,sun hangs low and lazy1 as if he too were slumbering4 ,yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and cloth-of-gold2 yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters1 like a tremulous fire-pillar1 shooting downwards to the abyss1 and hide itself under my feet4 ,in such moments1 ,solitude also is invaluable2 for who would speak1 or be looked on1 when behind him lies all ,europe and ,africa1 fast asleep1 except the watchmen2 and before him the silent ,immensity1 and ,palace of the ,eternal1 whereof our ,sun is but a porch-lamp8 ,nevertheless1 in this solemn moment comes a man1 or monster1 scrambling from among the rock-hollows2 and1 shaggy1 huge as the ,hyperborean ,bear1 hails me in ,russian speech3 most probably1 therefore1 a ,russian ,smuggler4 ,with courteous brevity1 ,i signify my indifference to contraband trade1 my humane intentions1 yet strong wish to be private4 ,in vain3 the monster1 counting doubtless on his superior stature1 and minded to make sport for himself1 or perhaps profit1 were it with murder1 continues to advance2 ever assailing me with his importunate train-oil breath2 and now has advanced1 till we stand both on the verge of the rock1 the deep ,sea rippling greedily down below4 ,what argument will avail8 ,on the thick ,hyperborean1 cherubic reasoning1 seraphic eloquence were lost4 ,prepared for such extremity1 ,i1 deftly enough1 whisk aside one step2 draw out1 from my interior reservoirs1 a sufficient ,birmingham ,horse-pistol1 and say1 ',be so obliging as retire1 ,friend 7,er ziehe sich zuruck1 ,freund71 and with promptitude6' ,this logic even the ,hyperborean understands3 fast enough1 with apologetic1 petitionary growl1 he sidles off2 and1 except for suicidal as well as homicidal purposes1 need not return4 ,such ,i hold to be the genuine use of ,gunpowder3 that it makes all men alike tall4 ,nay1 if thou be cooler1 cleverer than ,i1 if thou have more ,mind1 though all but no ,body whatever1 then canst thou kill me first1 and art the taller4 ,hereby1 at last1 is the ,goliath powerless1 and the ,david resistless2 savage ,animalism is nothing1 inventive ,spiritualism is all4 ,with respect to ,duels1 indeed1 ,i have my own ideas4 ,few things1 in this so surprising world1 strike me with more surprise4 ,two little visual ,spectra of men1 hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of the ,,unfathomable1 and to dissolve therein1 at any rate1 very soon1--make pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder2 whirl round2 and1 simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism1 explode one another into ,dissolution2 and off-hand become ,air1 and ,non-extant6 ,deuce on it 7verdammt71 the little spitfires6--,nay1 ,i think with old ,hugo von ,trimberg3 ',god must needs laugh outright1 could such a thing be1 to see his wondrous ,manikins here below4' ,but amid these specialties1 let us not forget the great generality1 which is our chief quest here3 ,how prospered the inner man of ,teufelsdrockh1 under so much outward shifting6 ,does ,legion still lurk in him1 though repressed2 or has he exorcised that ,devil's ,brood8 ,we can answer that the symptoms continue promising4 ,experience is the grand spiritual ,doctor2 and with him ,teufelsdrockh has now been long a patient1 swallowing many a bitter bolus4 ,unless our poor ,friend belong to the numerous class of ,incurables1 which seems not likely1 some cure will doubtless be effected4 ,we should rather say that ,legion1 or the ,satanic ,school1 was now pretty well extirpated and cast out1 but next to nothing introduced in its room2 whereby the heart remains1 for the while1 in a quiet but no comfortable state4 ,at length1 after so much roasting1 thus writes our ,autobiographer1 ,i was what you might name calcined4 ,pray only that it be not rather1 as is the more frequent issue1 reduced to a caput-mortuum6 ,but in any case1 by mere dint of practice1 ,i had grown familiar with many things4 ,wretchedness was still wretched2 but ,i could now partly see through it1 and despise it4 ,which highest mortal1 in this inane ,existence1 had ,i not found a ,shadow-hunter1 or ,shadow-hunted2 and1 when ,i looked through his brave garnitures1 miserable enough8 ,thy wishes have all been sniffed aside1 thought ,i3 but what1 had they even been all granted6 ,did not the ,boy ,alexander weep because he had not two ,planets to conquer2 or a whole ,solar ,system2 or after that1 a whole ,universe8 ,ach ,gott1 when ,i gazed into these ,stars1 have they not looked down on me as if with pity1 from their serene spaces2 like ,eyes glistening with heavenly tears over the little lot of man6 ,thousands of human generations1 all as noisy as our own1 have been swallowed up of ,time1 and there remains no wreck of them any more2 and ,arcturus and ,orion and ,sirius and the ,pleiades are still shining in their courses1 clear and young1 as when the ,shepherd first noted them in the plain of ,shinar4 ,pshaw6 what is this paltry little ,dog-cage of an ,earth2 what art thou that sittest whining there8 ,thou art still ,nothing1 ,nobody3 true2 but who1 then1 is ,something1 ,somebody8 ,for thee the ,family of ,man has no use2 it rejects thee2 thou art wholly as a dissevered limb3 so be it2 perhaps it is better so6 ,too-heavy-laden ,teufelsdrockh6 ,yet surely his bands are loosening2 one day he will hurl the burden far from him1 and bound forth free and with a second youth4 ,this1 says our ,professor1 was the ,,centre ,,of ,,indifference ,i had now reached2 through which whoso travels from the ,negative ,pole to the ,positive must necessarily pass4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,everlasting ,,yea4 ,temptations in the ,wilderness6 exclaims ,teufelsdrockh1 ,have we not all to be tried with such8 ,not so easily can the old ,adam1 lodged in us by birth1 be dispossessed4 ,our ,life is compassed round with ,necessity2 yet is the meaning of ,life itself no other than ,freedom1 than ,voluntary ,force3 thus have we a warfare2 in the beginning1 especially1 a hard-fought battle4 ,for the ,god-given mandate1 ,work thou in ,well-doing1 lies mysteriously written1 in ,promethean ,prophetic ,characters1 in our hearts2 and leaves us no rest1 night or day1 till it be deciphered and obeyed2 till it burn forth1 in our conduct1 a visible1 acted ,gospel of ,freedom4 ,and as the clay-given mandate1 ,eat thou and be filled1 at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve1--must not there be a confusion1 a contest1 before the better ,influence can become the upper8 ,to me nothing seems more natural than that the ,son of ,man1 when such ,god-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him1 and the ,clay must now be vanquished or vanquish1--should be carried of the spirit into grim ,solitudes1 and there fronting the ,tempter do grimmest battle with him2 defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly4 ,name it as we choose3 with or without visible ,devil1 whether in the natural ,desert of rocks and sands1 or in the populous moral ,desert of selfishness and baseness1--to such ,temptation are we all called4 ,unhappy if we are not6 ,unhappy if we are but ,half-men1 in whom that divine handwriting has never blazed forth1 all-subduing1 in true sun-splendor2 but quivers dubiously amid meaner lights3 or smoulders1 in dull pain1 in darkness1 under earthly vapors6--,our ,wilderness is the wide ,world in an ,atheistic ,century2 our ,forty ,days are long years of suffering and fasting3 nevertheless1 to these also comes an end4 ,yes1 to me also was given1 if not ,victory1 yet the consciousness of ,battle1 and the resolve to persevere therein while life or faculty is left4 ,to me also1 entangled in the enchanted forests1 demon-peopled1 doleful of sight and of sound1 it was given1 after weariest wanderings1 to work out my way into the higher sunlit slopes--of that ,mountain which has no summit1 or whose summit is in ,heaven only6 ,he says elsewhere1 under a less ambitious figure2 as figures are1 once for all1 natural to him3 ,has not thy ,life been that of most sufficient men 7tuchtigen ,manner7 thou hast known in this generation8 ,an outflush of foolish young ,enthusiasm1 like the first fallow-crop1 wherein are as many weeds as valuable herbs3 this all parched away1 under the ,droughts of practical and spiritual ,unbelief1 as ,disappointment1 in thought and act1 often-repeated gave rise to ,doubt1 and ,doubt gradually settled into ,denial6 ,if ,i have had a second-crop1 and now see the perennial greensward1 and sit under umbrageous cedars1 which defy all ,drought 7and ,doubt72 herein too1 be the ,heavens praised1 ,i am not without examples1 and even exemplars4 ,so that1 for ,teufelsdrockh1 also1 there has been a glorious revolution3 these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted ,pilgrimings of his were but some purifying ,temptation in the ,wilderness1 before his apostolic work 7such as it was7 could begin2 which ,temptation is now happily over1 and the ,devil once more worsted6 ,was that high moment in the ,rue de l',enfer1 then1 properly the turning-point of the battle2 when the ,fiend said1 ,worship me1 or be torn in shreds2 and was answered valiantly with an ,apage ,satana8--,singular ,teufelsdrockh1 would thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words6 ,but it is fruitless to look there1 in those ,paper-bags1 for such4 ,nothing but innuendoes1 figurative crotchets3 a typical ,shadow1 fitfully wavering1 prophetico-satiric2 no clear logical ,picture4 ,how paint to the sensual eye1 asks he once1 what passes in the ,holy-of-,holies of ,man's ,soul2 in what words1 known to these profane times1 speak even afar-off of the unspeakable8 ,we ask in turn3 ,why perplex these times1 profane as they are1 with needless obscurity1 by omission and by commission8 ,not mystical only is our ,professor1 but whimsical2 and involves himself1 now more than ever1 in eye-bewildering chiaroscuro4 ,successive glimpses1 here faithfully imparted1 our more gifted readers must endeavor to combine for their own behoof4 ,he says3 ,the hot ,harmattan wind had raged itself out2 its howl went silent within me2 and the long-deafened soul could now hear4 ,i paused in my wild wanderings2 and sat me down to wait1 and consider2 for it was as if the hour of change drew nigh4 ,i seemed to surrender1 to renounce utterly1 and say3 ,fly1 then1 false shadows of ,hope2 ,i will chase you no more1 ,i will believe you no more4 ,and ye too1 haggard spectres of ,fear1 ,i care not for you2 ye too are all shadows and a lie4 ,let me rest here3 for ,i am way-weary and life-weary2 ,i will rest here1 were it but to die3 to die or to live is alike to me2 alike insignificant4--,and again3 ,here1 then1 as ,i lay in that ,,centre ,,of ,,indifference2 cast1 doubtless by benignant upper ,influence1 into a healing sleep1 the heavy dreams rolled gradually away1 and ,i awoke to a new ,heaven and a new ,earth4 ,the first preliminary moral ,act1 ,annihilation of ,self 7,selbst-todtung71 had been happily accomplished2 and my mind's eyes were now unsealed1 and its hands ungyved4 ,might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his ,locality1 during this same healing sleep2 that his ,pilgrim-staff lies cast aside here1 on the high table-land2 and indeed that the repose is already taking wholesome effect on him8 ,if it were not that the tone1 in some parts1 has more of riancy1 even of levity1 than we could have expected6 ,however1 in ,teufelsdrockh1 there is always the strangest ,dualism3 light dancing1 with guitar-music1 will be going on in the fore-court1 while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe and wail4 ,we transcribe the piece entire4 ,beautiful it was to sit there1 as in my skyey ,tent1 musing and meditating2 on the high table-land1 in front of the ,mountains2 over me1 as roof1 the azure ,dome1 and around me1 for walls1 four azure-flowing curtains1--namely1 of the ,four azure ,winds1 on whose bottom-fringes also ,i have seen gilding4 ,and then to fancy the fair ,castles that stood sheltered in these ,mountain hollows2 with their green flower-lawns1 and white dames and damosels1 lovely enough3 or better still1 the straw-roofed ,cottages1 wherein stood many a ,mother baking bread1 with her children round her3--all hidden and protectingly folded up in the valley-folds2 yet there and alive1 as sure as if ,i beheld them4 ,or to see1 as well as fancy1 the nine ,towns and ,villages1 that lay round my mountain-seat1 which1 in still weather1 were wont to speak to me 7by their steeple-bells7 with metal tongue2 and1 in almost all weather1 proclaimed their vitality by repeated ,smoke-clouds2 whereon1 as on a culinary horologe1 ,i might read the hour of the day4 ,for it was the smoke of cookery1 as kind housewives at morning1 midday1 eventide1 were boiling their husbands' kettles2 and ever a blue pillar rose up into the air1 successively or simultaneously1 from each of the nine1 saying1 as plainly as smoke could say3 ,such and such a meal is getting ready here4 ,not uninteresting6 ,for you have the whole ,borough1 with all its love-makings and scandal-mongeries1 contentions and contentments1 as in miniature1 and could cover it all with your hat4--,if1 in my wide ,way-farings1 ,i had learned to look into the business of the ,world in its details1 here perhaps was the place for combining it into general propositions1 and deducing inferences therefrom4 ,often also could ,i see the black ,tempest marching in anger through the ,distance3 round some ,schreckhorn1 as yet grim-blue1 would the eddying vapor gather1 and there tumultuously eddy1 and flow down like a mad witch's hair2 till1 after a space1 it vanished1 and1 in the clear sunbeam1 your ,schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white1 for the vapor had held snow4 ,how thou fermentest and elaboratest1 in thy great fermenting-vat and laboratory of an ,atmosphere1 of a ,world1 ,o ,nature6--,or what is ,nature8 ,ha6 why do ,i not name thee ,,god8 ,art not thou the ',living ,garment of ,god'8 ,o ,heavens1 is it1 in very deed1 ,,he1 then1 that ever speaks through thee2 that lives and loves in thee1 that lives and loves in me8 ,fore-shadows1 call them rather fore-splendors1 of that ,truth1 and ,beginning of ,truths1 fell mysteriously over my soul4 ,sweeter than ,dayspring to the ,shipwrecked in ,nova ,zembla2 ah1 like the mother's voice to her little child that strays bewildered1 weeping1 in unknown tumults2 like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart1 came that ,evangel4 ,the ,universe is not dead and demoniacal1 a charnel-house with spectres2 but godlike1 and my ,father's6 ,with other eyes1 too1 could ,i now look upon my fellowman3 with an infinite ,love1 an infinite ,pity4 ,poor1 wandering1 wayward man6 ,art thou not tried1 and beaten with stripes1 even as ,i am8 ,ever1 whether thou bear the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine1 art thou not so weary1 so heavy-laden2 and thy ,bed of ,rest is but a ,grave4 ,o my ,brother1 my ,brother1 why cannot ,i shelter thee in my bosom1 and wipe away all tears from thy eyes6--,truly1 the din of many-voiced ,life1 which1 in this solitude1 with the mind's organ1 ,i could hear1 was no longer a maddening discord1 but a melting one2 like inarticulate cries1 and sobbings of a dumb creature1 which in the ear of ,heaven are prayers4 ,the poor ,earth1 with her poor joys1 was now my needy ,mother1 not my cruel ,stepdame2 ,man1 with his so mad ,wants and so mean ,endeavors1 had become the dearer to me2 and even for his sufferings and his sins1 ,i now first named him ,brother4 ,thus was ,i standing in the porch of that ',sanctuary of ,sorrow2' by strange1 steep ways had ,i too been guided thither2 and ere long its sacred gates would open1 and the ',divine ,depth of ,sorrow' lie disclosed to me4 ,the ,professor says1 he here first got eye on the ,knot that had been strangling him1 and straightway could unfasten it1 and was free4 ,a vain interminable controversy1 writes he1 touching what is at present called ,origin of ,evil1 or some such thing1 arises in every soul1 since the beginning of the world2 and in every soul1 that would pass from idle ,suffering into actual ,endeavoring1 must first be put an end to4 ,the most1 in our time1 have to go content with a simple1 incomplete enough ,suppression of this controversy2 to a few some ,solution of it is indispensable4 ,in every new era1 too1 such ,solution comes out in different terms2 and ever the ,solution of the last era has become obsolete1 and is found unserviceable4 ,for it is man's nature to change his ,dialect from century to century2 he cannot help it though he would4 ,the authentic ,church-,catechism of our present century has not yet fallen into my hands3 meanwhile1 for my own private behoof ,i attempt to elucidate the matter so4 ,man's ,unhappiness1 as ,i construe1 comes of his ,greatness2 it is because there is an ,infinite in him1 which with all his cunning he cannot quite bury under the ,finite4 ,will the whole ,finance ,ministers and ,upholsterers and ,confectioners of modern ,europe undertake1 in joint-stock company1 to make one ,shoeblack ,,happy8 ,they cannot accomplish it1 above an hour or two3 for the ,shoeblack also has a ,soul quite other than his ,stomach2 and would require1 if you consider it1 for his permanent satisfaction and saturation1 simply this allotment1 no more1 and no less3 ,god's infinite ,universe altogether to himself1 therein to enjoy infinitely1 and fill every wish as fast as it rose4 ,oceans of ,hochheimer1 a ,throat like that of ,ophiuchus3 speak not of them2 to the infinite ,shoeblack they are as nothing4 ,no sooner is your ocean filled1 than he grumbles that it might have been of better vintage4 ,try him with half of a ,universe1 of an ,omnipotence1 he sets to quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half1 and declares himself the most maltreated of men4--,always there is a black spot in our sunshine3 it is even1 as ,i said1 the ,shadow of ,ourselves4 ,but the whim we have of ,happiness is somewhat thus4 ,by certain valuations1 and averages1 of our own striking1 we come upon some sort of average terrestrial lot2 this we fancy belongs to us by nature1 and of indefeasible right4 ,it is simple payment of our wages1 of our deserts2 requires neither thanks nor complaint2 only such overplus as there may be do we account ,happiness2 any deficit again is ,misery4 ,now consider that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves1 and what a fund of ,self-conceit there is in each of us1--do you wonder that the balance should so often dip the wrong way1 and many a ,blockhead cry3 ,see there1 what a payment2 was ever worthy gentleman so used6--,i tell thee1 ,blockhead1 it all comes of thy ,vanity2 of what thou fanciest those same deserts of thine to be4 ,fancy that thou deservest to be hanged 7as is most likely71 thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot3 fancy that thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter1 it will be a luxury to die in hemp4 ,so true is it1 what ,i then said1 that the ,fraction of ,life can be increased in value not so much by increasing your ,numerator as by lessening your ,denominator4 ,nay1 unless my ,algebra deceive me1 ,unity itself divided by ,zero will give ,infinity4 ,make thy claim of wages a zero1 then2 thou hast the world under thy feet4 ,well did the ,wisest of our time write3 ',it is only with ,renunciation 7,entsagen7 that ,life1 properly speaking1 can be said to begin4' ,i asked myself3 ,what is this that1 ever since earliest years1 thou hast been fretting and fuming1 and lamenting and self-tormenting1 on account of8 ,say it in a word3 is it not because thou art not ,,happy8 ,because the ,,thou 7sweet gentleman7 is not sufficiently honored1 nourished1 soft-bedded1 and lovingly cared for8 ,foolish soul6 ,what ,act of ,legislature was there that thou shouldst be ,happy8 ,a little while ago thou hadst no right to be at all4 ,what if thou wert born and predestined not to be ,happy1 but to be ,unhappy6 ,art thou nothing other than a ,vulture1 then1 that fliest through the ,universe seeking after somewhat to eat2 and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not given thee8 ,close thy ,byron2 open thy ,goethe4 ,es leuchtet mir ein1 ,i see a glimpse of it6 cries he elsewhere3 there is in man a ,,higher than ,love of ,happiness3 he can do without ,happiness1 and instead thereof find ,blessedness6 ,was it not to preach forth this same ,,higher that sages and martyrs1 the ,poet and the ,priest1 in all times1 have spoken and suffered2 bearing testimony1 through life and through death1 of the ,godlike that is in ,man1 and how in the ,godlike only has he ,strength and ,freedom8 ,which ,god-inspiredd ,doctrine art thou also honored to be taught2 ,o ,heavens6 and broken with manifold merciful ,afflictions1 even till thou become contrite and learn it6 ,oh1 thank thy ,destiny for these2 thankfully bear what yet remain3 thou hadst need of them2 the ,self in thee needed to be annihilated4 ,by benignant fever-paroxysms is ,life rooting out the deep-seated chronic ,disease1 and triumphs over ,death4 ,on the roaring billows of ,time1 thou art not engulfed1 but borne aloft into the azure of ,eternity4 ,love not ,pleasure2 love ,god4 ,this is the ,,everlasting ,,yea1 wherein all contradiction is solved3 wherein whoso walks and works1 it is well with him4 ,and again3 ,small is it that thou canst trample the ,earth with its injuries under thy feet1 as old ,greek ,zeno trained thee3 thou canst love the ,earth while it injures thee1 and even because it injures thee2 for this a ,greater than ,zeno was needed1 and he too was sent4 ,knowest thou that ',worship of ,sorrow'8 ,the ,temple thereof1 founded some eighteen centuries ago1 now lies in ruins1 overgrown with jungle1 the habitation of doleful creatures3 nevertheless1 venture forward2 in a low crypt1 arched out of falling fragments1 thou findest the ,altar still there1 and its sacred ,lamp perennially burning4 ,without pretending to comment on which strange utterances1 the ,editor will only remark1 that there lies beside them much of a still more questionable character2 unsuited to the general apprehension2 nay wherein he himself does not see his way4 ,nebulous disquisitions on ,religion1 yet not without bursts of splendor2 on the perennial continuance of ,inspiration2 on ,prophecy2 that there are true ,priests1 as well as ,baal-,priests1 in our own day3 with more of the like sort4 ,we select some fractions1 by way of finish to this farrago4 ,cease1 my much-respected ,herr von ,voltaire1 thus apostrophizes the ,professor3 shut thy sweet voice2 for the task appointed thee seems finished4 ,sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition1 considerable or otherwise3 ,that the ,mythus of the ,christian ,religion looks not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth4 ,alas1 were thy six-and-thirty quartos1 and the six-and-thirty thousand other quartos and folios1 and flying sheets or reams1 printed before and since on the same subject1 all needed to convince us of so little6 ,but what next8 ,wilt thou help us to embody the divine ,spirit of that ,religion in a new ,mythus1 in a new vehicle and vesture1 that our ,souls1 otherwise too like perishing1 may live8 ,what6 thou hast no faculty in that kind8 ,only a torch for burning1 no hammer for building8 ,take our thanks1 then1 and--thyself away4 ,meanwhile what are antiquated ,mythuses to me8 ,or is the ,god present1 felt in my own heart1 a thing which ,herr von ,voltaire will dispute out of me2 or dispute into me8 ,to the ',worship of ,sorrow' ascribe what origin and genesis thou pleasest1 has not that ,worship originated1 and been generated2 is it not here8 ,feel it in thy heart1 and then say whether it is of ,god6 ,this is ,belief2 all else is ,opinion1--for which latter whoso will1 let him worry and be worried4 ,neither1 observes he elsewhere1 shall ye tear out one another's eyes1 struggling over ',plenary ,inspiration1' and such like3 try rather to get a little even ,partial ,inspiration1 each of you for himself4 ,one ,,bible ,i know1 of whose ,plenary ,inspiration doubt is not so much as possible2 nay with my own eyes ,i saw the ,god's-,hand writing it3 thereof all other ,bibles are but ,leaves1--say1 in ,picture-,writing to assist the weaker faculty4 ,or1 to give the wearied reader relief1 and bring it to an end1 let him take the following perhaps more intelligible passage3-- ,to me1 in this our life1 says the ,professor1 which is an internecine warfare with the ,time-spirit1 other warfare seems questionable4 ,hast thou in any way a contention with thy brother1 ,i advise thee1 think well what the meaning thereof is4 ,if thou gauge it to the bottom1 it is simply this3 ',fellow1 see6 thou art taking more than thy share of ,happiness in the world1 something from my share3 which1 by the ,heavens1 thou shalt not2 nay ,i will fight thee rather4'--,alas1 and the whole lot to be divided is such a beggarly matter1 truly a 'feast of shells1' for the substance has been spilled out3 not enough to quench one ,appetite2 and the collective human species clutching at them6--,can we not1 in all such cases1 rather say3 ',take it1 thou too-ravenous individual2 take that pitiful additional fraction of a share1 which ,i reckoned mine1 but which thou so wantest2 take it with a blessing3 would to ,heaven ,i had enough for thee6'--,if ,fichte's ,wissenschaftslehre be1 'to a certain extent1 ,applied ,christianity1' surely to a still greater extent1 so is this4 ,we have here not a ,whole ,duty of ,man1 yet a ,half ,duty1 namely the ,passive half3 could we but do it1 as we can demonstrate it6 ,but indeed ,conviction1 were it never so excellent1 is worthless till it convert itself into ,conduct4 ,nay properly ,conviction is not possible till then2 inasmuch as all ,speculation is by nature endless1 formless1 a vortex amid vortices1 only by a felt indubitable certainty of ,experience does it find any centre to revolve round1 and so fashion itself into a system4 ,most true is it1 as a wise man teaches us1 that ',doubt of any sort cannot be removed except by ,action4' ,on which ground1 too1 let him who gropes painfully in darkness or uncertain light1 and prays vehemently that the dawn may ripen into day1 lay this other precept well to heart1 which to me was of invaluable service3 ',do the ,duty which lies nearest thee1' which thou knowest to be a ,duty6 ,thy second ,duty will already have become clearer4 ,may we not say1 however1 that the hour of ,spiritual ,enfranchisement is even this3 ,when your ,ideal ,world1 wherein the whole man has been dimly struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work1 becomes revealed1 and thrown open2 and you discover1 with amazement enough1 like the ,lothario in ,wilhelm ,meister1 that your ',america is here or nowhere'8 ,the ,situation that has not its ,duty1 its ,ideal1 was never yet occupied by man4 ,yes here1 in this poor1 miserable1 hampered1 despicable ,actual1 wherein thou even now standest1 here or nowhere is thy ,ideal3 work it out therefrom2 and working1 believe1 live1 be free4 ,fool6 the ,ideal is in thyself1 the impediment too is in thyself3 thy ,condition is but the stuff thou art to shape that same ,ideal out of3 what matters whether such stuff be of this sort or that1 so the ,form thou give it be heroic1 be poetic8 ,o thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the ,actual1 and criest bitterly to the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create1 know this of a truth3 the thing thou seekest is already with thee1 'here or nowhere1' couldst thou only see6 ,but it is with man's ,soul as it was with ,nature3 the beginning of ,creation is--,light4 ,till the eye have vision1 the whole members are in bonds4 ,divine moment1 when over the tempest-tost ,soul1 as once over the wild-weltering ,chaos1 it is spoken3 ,let there be ,light6 ,ever to the greatest that has felt such moment1 is it not miraculous and ,god-announcing2 even as1 under simpler figures1 to the simplest and least4 ,the mad primeval ,discord is hushed2 the rudely jumbled conflicting elements bind themselves into separate ,firmaments3 deep silent rock-foundations are built beneath2 and the skyey vault with its everlasting ,luminaries above3 instead of a dark wasteful ,chaos1 we have a blooming1 fertile1 heaven-encompassed ,world4 ,i too could now say to myself3 ,be no longer a ,chaos1 but a ,world1 or even ,worldkin4 ,produce6 ,produce6 ,were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal fraction of a ,product1 produce it1 in ,god's name6 ',tis the utmost thou hast in thee3 out with it1 then4 ,up1 up6 ,whatsoever thy hand findeth to do1 do it with thy whole might4 ,work while it is called ,to-day2 for the ,night cometh1 wherein no man can work4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,pause4 ,thus have we1 as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as1 in such circumstances1 might be1 followed ,teufelsdrockh1 through the various successive states and stages of ,growth1 ,entanglement1 ,unbelief1 and almost ,reprobation1 into a certain clearer state of what he himself seems to consider as ,conversion4 ,blame not the word1 says he2 rejoice rather that such a word1 signifying such a thing1 has come to light in our modern ,era1 though hidden from the wisest ,ancients4 ,the ,old ,world knew nothing of ,conversion2 instead of an ,ecce ,homo1 they had only some ,choice of ,hercules4 ,it was a new-attained progress in the ,moral ,development of man3 hereby has the ,highest come home to the bosoms of the most ,limited2 what to ,plato was but a hallucination1 and to ,socrates a chimera1 is now clear and certain to your ,zinzendorfs1 your ,wesleys1 and the poorest of their ,pietists and ,methodists4 ,it is here1 then1 that the spiritual majority of ,teufelsdrockh commences3 we are henceforth to see him work in well-doing1 with the spirit and clear aims of a ,man4 ,he has discovered that the ,ideal ,workshop he so panted for is even this same ,actual ill-furnished ,workshop he has so long been stumbling in4 ,he can say to himself3 ,tools8 ,thou hast no ,tools8 ,why1 there is not a ,man1 or a ,thing1 now alive but has tools4 ,the basest of created animalcules1 the ,spider itself1 has a spinning-jenny1 and warping-mill1 and power-loom within its head3 the stupidest of ,oysters has a ,papin's-,digester1 with stone-and-lime house to hold it in3 every being that can live can do something3 this let him do4--,tools8 ,hast thou not a ,brain1 furnished1 furnishable with some glimmerings of ,light2 and three fingers to hold a ,pen withal8 ,never since ,aaron's ,rod went out of practice1 or even before it1 was there such a wonder-working ,tool3 greater than all recorded miracles have been performed by ,pens4 ,for strangely in this so solid-seeming ,world1 which nevertheless is in continual restless flux1 it is appointed that ,sound1 to appearance the most fleeting1 should be the most continuing of all things4 ,the ,,word is well said to be omnipotent in this world2 man1 thereby divine1 can create as by a ,fiat4 ,awake1 arise6 ,speak forth what is in thee2 what ,god has given thee1 what the ,devil shall not take away4 ,higher task than that of ,priesthood was allotted to no man3 wert thou but the meanest in that sacred ,hierarchy1 is it not honor enough therein to spend and be spent8 ,by this ,art1 which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a handicraft1 adds ,teufelsdrockh1 have ,i thenceforth abidden4 ,writings of mine1 not indeed known as mine 7for what am ,i871 have fallen1 perhaps not altogether void1 into the mighty seedfield of ,opinion2 fruits of my unseen sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there4 ,i thank the ,heavens that ,i have now found my ,calling2 wherein1 with or without perceptible result1 ,i am minded diligently to persevere4 ,nay how knowest thou1 cries he1 but this and the other pregnant ,device1 now grown to be a world-renowned far-working ,institution2 like a grain of right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil1 and now stretching out strong boughs to the four winds1 for the birds of the air to lodge in1--may have been properly my doing8 ,some one's doing1 it without doubt was2 from some ,idea1 in some single ,head1 it did first of all take beginning3 why not from some ,idea in mine8 ,does ,teufelsdrockh1 here glance at that ,,society ,,for ,,the ,,conservation ,,of ,,property 7,eigenthums-conservirende ,gesellschaft71 of which so many ambiguous notices glide spectra-like through these inexpressible ,paper-bags8 ,an ,institution1 hints he1 not unsuitable to the wants of the time2 as indeed such sudden extension proves3 for already can the ,society number1 among its office-bearers or corresponding members1 the highest ,names1 if not the highest ,persons1 in ,germany1 ,england1 ,france2 and contributions1 both of money and of meditation pour in from all quarters2 to1 if possible1 enlist the remaining ,integrity of the world1 and1 defensively and with forethought1 marshal it round this ,palladium4 ,does ,teufelsdrockh mean1 then1 to give himself out as the originator of that so notable ,eigenthums-conservirende 7,owndom-conserving7 ,gesellschaft2 and if so1 what1 in the ,devil's name1 is it8 ,he again hints3 ,at a time when the divine ,commandment1 ,thou shalt not steal1 wherein truly1 if well understood1 is comprised the whole ,hebrew ,decalogue1 with ,solon's and ,lycurgrus's ,constitutions1 ,justinian's ,pandects1 the ,code ,napoleon1 and all ,codes1 ,catechisms1 ,divinities1 ,moralities whatsoever1 that man has hitherto devised 7and enforced with ,altar-fire and ,gallows-ropes7 for his social guidance3 at a time1 ,i say1 when this divine ,commandment has all but faded away from the general remembrance2 and1 with little disguise1 a new opposite ,commandment1 ,thou shalt steal1 is everywhere promulgated1--it perhaps behooved1 in this universal dotage and deliration1 the sound portion of mankind to bestir themselves and rally4 ,when the widest and wildest violations of that divine right of ,property1 the only divine right now extant or conceivable1 are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious ,press1 and the world has lived to hear it asserted that we have no ,property in our very ,bodies1 but only an accidental ,possession and ,life-rent1 what is the issue to be looked for8 ,hangmen and ,catchpoles may1 by their noose-gins and baited fall-traps1 keep down the smaller sort of vermin2 but what1 except perhaps some such ,universal ,association1 can protect us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of ,boa-constrictors4 ,if1 therefore1 the more sequestered ,thinker have wondered1 in his privacy1 from what hand that perhaps not ill-written ,program in the ,public ,journals1 with its high ,prize-,questions and so liberal ,prizes1 could have proceeded1--let him now cease such wonder2 and1 with undivided faculty1 betake himself to the ,concurrenz 7,competition74 ,we ask3 ,has this same perhaps not ill-written ,program1 or any other authentic ,transaction of that ,property-conserving ,society1 fallen under the eye of the ,british ,reader1 in any ,journal foreign or domestic8 ,if so1 what are those ,prize-,questions2 what are the terms of ,competition1 and when and where8 ,no printed ,newspaper-leaf1 no farther light of any sort1 to be met with in these ,paper-bags6 ,or is the whole business one other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities1 whereby ,herr ,teufelsdrockh1 meaning much or nothing1 is pleased so often to play fast-and-loose with us8 ,here1 indeed1 at length1 must the ,editor give utterance to a painful suspicion1 which1 through late ,chapters1 has begun to haunt him2 paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his thorny ,biographical task a labor of love4 ,it is a suspicion grounded perhaps on trifles1 yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and more discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of ,teufelsdrockh1 in whom underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries1 wheel within wheel1 defy all reckoning3 a suspicion1 in one word1 that these ,autobiographical ,documents are partly a mystification6 ,what if many a so-called ,fact were little better than a ,fiction2 if here we had no direct ,camera-obscura ,picture of the ,professor's ,history2 but only some more or less fantastic ,adumbration1 symbolically1 perhaps significantly enough1 shadowing forth the same6 ,our theory begins to be that1 in receiving as literally authentic what was but hieroglyphically so1 ,hofrath ,heuschrecke1 whom in that case we scruple not to name ,hofrath ,nose-of-,wax1 was made a fool of1 and set adrift to make fools of others4 ,could it be expected1 indeed1 that a man so known for impenetrable reticence as ,teufelsdrockh would all at once frankly unlock his private citadel to an ,english ,editor and a ,german ,hofrath2 and not rather deceptively inlock both ,editor and ,hofrath in the labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel 7having enticed them thither71 to see1 in his half-devilish way1 how the fools would look8 ,of one fool1 however1 the ,herr ,professor will perhaps find himself short4 ,on a small slip1 formerly thrown aside as blank1 the ink being all but invisible1 we lately noticed1 and with effort decipher1 the following3 ,what are your historical ,facts2 still more your biographical8 ,wilt thou know a ,man1 above all a ,mankind1 by stringing together bead-rolls of what thou namest ,facts8 ,the ,man is the spirit he worked in2 not what he did1 but what he became4 ,facts are engraved ,hierograms1 for which the fewest have the key4 ,and then how your ,blockhead 7,dummkopf7 studies not their ,meaning2 but simply whether they are well or ill cut1 what he calls ,moral or ,immoral6 ,still worse is it with your ,bungler 7,pfuscher73 such ,i have seen reading some ,rousseau1 with pretences of interpretation2 and mistaking the ill-cut ,serpent-of-,eternity for a common poisonous reptile4 ,was the ,professor apprehensive lest an ,editor1 selected as the present boasts himself1 might mistake the ,teufelsdrockh ,serpent-of-,eternity in like manner8 ,for which reason it was to be altered1 not without underhand satire1 into a plainer ,symbol8 ,or is this merely one of his half-sophisms1 half-truisms1 which if he can but set on the back of a ,figure1 he cares not whither it gallop8 ,we say not with certainty2 and indeed1 so strange is the ,professor1 can never say4 ,if our suspicion be wholly unfounded1 let his own questionable ways1 not our necessary circumspectness bear the blame4 ,but be this as it will1 the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted ,editor determines here to shut these ,paper-bags for the present4 ,let it suffice that we know of ,teufelsdrockh1 so far1 if not what he did1 yet what he became3 the rather1 as his character has now taken its ultimate bent1 and no new revolution1 of importance1 is to be looked for4 ,the imprisoned ,chrysalis is now a winged ,psyche3 and such1 wheresoever be its flight1 it will continue4 ,to trace by what complex gyrations 7flights or involuntary waftings7 through the mere external ,life-element1 ,teufelsdrockh1 reaches his ,university ,professorship1 and the ,psyche clothes herself in civic ,titles1 without altering her now fixed nature1--would be comparatively an unproductive task1 were we even unsuspicious of its being1 for us at least1 a false and impossible one4 ,his outward ,biography1 therefore1 which1 at the ,blumine ,lover's-,leap1 we saw churned utterly into spray-vapor1 may hover in that condition1 for aught that concerns us here4 ,enough that by survey of certain pools and plashes1 we have ascertained its general direction2 do we not already know that1 by one way and other1 it has long since rained down again into a stream2 and even now1 at ,weissnichtwo1 flows deep and still1 fraught with the ,philosophy of ,clothes1 and visible to whoso will cast eye thereon8 ,over much invaluable matter1 that lies scattered1 like jewels among quarry-rubbish1 in those ,paper-catacombs1 we may have occasion to glance back1 and somewhat will demand insertion at the right place3 meanwhile be our tiresome diggings therein suspended4 ,if now1 before reopening the great ,clothes-,volume1 we ask what our degree of progress1 during these ,ten ,chapters1 has been1 towards right understanding of the ,clothes-,philosophy1 let not our discouragement become total4 ,to speak in that old figure of the ,hell-gate ,bridge over ,chaos1 a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added1 though as yet they drift straggling on the ,flood2 how far they will reach1 when once the chains are straightened and fastened1 can1 at present1 only be matter of conjecture4 ,so much we already calculate3 ,through many a little loophole1 we have had glimpses into the internal world of ,teufelsdrockh2 his strange mystic1 almost magic ,diagram of the ,universe1 and how it was gradually drawn1 is not henceforth altogether dark to us4 ,those mysterious ideas on ,,time1 which merit consideration1 and are not wholly unintelligible with such1 may by and by prove significant4 ,still more may his somewhat peculiar view of ,nature1 the decisive ,oneness he ascribes to ,nature4 ,how all ,nature and ,life are but one ,garment1 a ,living ,garment1 woven and ever a-weaving in the ,loom of ,time2 is not here1 indeed1 the outline of a whole ,clothes-,philosophy2 at least the arena it is to work in8 ,remark1 too1 that the ,character of the ,man1 nowise without meaning in such a matter1 becomes less enigmatic3 amid so much tumultuous obscurity1 almost like diluted madness1 do not a certain indomitable ,defiance and yet a boundless ,reverence seem to loom forth1 as the two mountain-summits1 on whose rock-strata all the rest were based and built8 ,nay further1 may we not say that ,teufelsdrockh's ,biography1 allowing it even1 as suspected1 only a hieroglyphical truth1 exhibits a man1 as it were preappointed for ,clothes-,philosophy8 ,to look through the ,shows of things into ,things themselves he is led and compelled4 ,the ,passivity given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune4 ,everywhere cast out1 like oil out of water1 from mingling in any ,employment1 in any public ,communion1 he has no portion but ,solitude1 and a life of ,meditation4 ,the whole energy of his existence is directed1 through long years1 on one task3 that of enduring pain1 if he cannot cure it4 ,thus everywhere do the ,shows of things oppress him1 withstand him1 threaten him with fearfullest destruction3 only by victoriously penetrating into ,things themselves can he find peace and a stronghold4 ,but is not this same looking through the ,shows1 or ,vestures1 into the ,things1 even the first preliminary to a ,philosophy of ,clothes8 ,do we not1 in all this1 discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such a ,philosophy2 and what shape it must assume with such a man1 in such an era8 ,perhaps in entering on ,book ,third1 the courteous ,reader is not utterly without guess whither he is bound3 nor1 let us hope1 for all the fantastic ,dream-,grottos through which1 as is our lot with ,teufelsdrockh1 he must wander1 will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a steady ,polar ,star4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,incident ,,in ,,modern ,,history4 ,as a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man1 ,teufelsdrockh1 from an early part of this ,clothes-,volume1 has more and more exhibited himself4 ,striking it was1 amid all his perverse cloudiness1 with what force of vision and of heart he pierced into the mystery of the ,world2 recognizing in the highest sensible phenomena1 so far as ,sense went1 only fresh or faded ,raiment2 yet ever1 under this1 a celestial ,essence thereby rendered visible3 and while1 on the one hand1 he trod the old rags of ,matter1 with their tinsels1 into the mire1 he on the other everywhere exalted ,spirit above all earthly principalities and powers1 and worshipped it1 though under the meanest shapes1 with a true ,platonic mysticism4 ,what the man ultimately purposed by thus casting his ,greek-fire into the general ,wardrobe of the ,universe2 what such1 more or less complete1 rending and burning of ,garments throughout the whole compass of ,civilized ,life and ,speculation1 should lead to2 the rather as he was no ,adamite1 in any sense1 and could not1 like ,rousseau1 recommend either bodily or intellectual ,nudity1 and a return to the savage state3 all this our readers are now bent to discover2 this is1 in fact1 properly the gist and purport of ,professor ,teufelsdrockh's ,philosophy of ,clothes4 ,be it remembered1 however1 that such purport is here not so much evolved1 as detected to lie ready for evolving4 ,we are to guide our ,british ,friends into the new ,gold-country1 and show them the mines2 nowise to dig out and exhaust its wealth1 which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible4 ,once there1 let each dig for his own behoof1 and enrich himself4 ,neither1 in so capricious inexpressible a ,work as this of the ,professor's1 can our course now more than formerly be straightforward1 step by step1 but at best leap by leap4 ,significant ,indications stand out here and there2 which for the critical eye1 that looks both widely and narrowly1 shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a ,whole3 to select these with judgment1 so that a leap from one to the other be possible1 and 7in our old figure7 by chaining them together1 a passable ,bridge be effected3 this1 as heretofore1 continues our only method4 ,among such light-spots1 the following1 floating in much wild matter about ,perfectibility1 has seemed worth clutching at3-- ,perhaps the most remarkable incident in ,modern ,history1 says ,teufelsdrockh1 is not the ,diet of ,worms1 still less the ,battle of ,austerlitz1 ,waterloo1 ,peterloo1 or any other ,battle2 but an incident passed carelessly over by most ,historians1 and treated with some degree of ridicule by others3 namely1 ,george ,fox's making to himself a suit of ,leather4 ,this man1 the first of the ,quakers1 and by trade a ,shoemaker1 was one of those1 to whom1 under ruder or purer form1 the ,divine ,idea of the ,universe is pleased to manifest itself2 and1 across all the hulls of ,ignorance and earthly ,degradation1 shine through1 in unspeakable ,awfulness1 unspeakable ,beauty1 on their souls3 who therefore are rightly accounted ,prophets1 ,god-possessed2 or even ,gods1 as in some periods it has chanced4 ,sitting in his stall2 working on tanned hides1 amid pincers1 paste-horns1 rosin1 swine-bristles1 and a nameless flood of rubbish1 this youth had1 nevertheless1 a ,living ,spirit belonging to him2 also an antique ,inspired ,volume1 through which1 as through a window1 it could look upwards1 and discern its celestial ,home4 ,the task of a daily pair of shoes1 coupled even with some prospect of victuals1 and an honorable ,mastership in ,cordwainery1 and perhaps the post of ,thirdborough in his hundred1 as the crown of long faithful sewing1--was nowise satisfaction enough to such a mind3 but ever amid the boring and hammering came tones from that far country1 came ,splendors and ,terrors2 for this poor ,cordwainer1 as we said1 was a ,man2 and the ,temple of ,immensity1 wherein as ,man he had been sent to minister1 was full of holy mystery to him4 ,the ,clergy of the neighborhood1 the ordained ,watchers and ,interpreters of that same holy mystery1 listened with un-affected tedium to his consultations1 and advised him1 as the solution of such doubts1 to 'drink beer1 and dance with the girls4' ,blind leaders of the blind6 ,for what end were their tithes levied and eaten2 for what were their shovel-hats scooped out1 and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on2 and such a church-repairing1 and chaffering1 and organing1 and other racketing1 held over that spot of ,god's ,earth1--if ,man were but a ,patent ,digester1 and the ,belly with its adjuncts the grand ,reality8 ,fox turned from them1 with tears and a sacred scorn1 back to his ,leather-parings and his ,bible4 ,mountains of encumbrance1 higher than ,a,etna1 had been heaped over that ,spirit3 but it was a ,spirit1 and would not lie buried there4 ,through long days and nights of silent agony1 it struggled and wrestled1 with a man's force1 to be free3 how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed tumultuously1 as the giant spirit shook them to this hand and that1 and emerged into the light of ,heaven6 ,that ,leicester shoe-shop1 had men known it1 was a holier place than any ,vatican or ,loretto-shrine4--',so bandaged1 and hampered1 and hemmed in1' groaned he1 'with thousand requisitions1 obligations1 straps1 tatters1 and tagrags1 ,i can neither see nor move3 not my own am ,i1 but the ,world's2 and ,time flies fast1 and ,heaven is high1 and ,hell is deep3 ,man6 bethink thee1 if thou hast power of ,thought6 ,why not2 what binds me here8 ,want1 want6--,ha1 of what8 ,will all the shoe-wages under the ,moon ferry me across into that far ,land of ,light8 ,only ,meditation can1 and devout ,prayer to ,god4 ,i will to the woods3 the hollow of a tree will lodge me1 wild berries feed me2 and for ,clothes1 cannot ,i stitch myself one perennial suit of ,leather6' ,historical ,oil-painting1 continues ,teufelsdrockh1 is one of the ,arts ,i never practiced2 therefore shall ,i not decide whether this subject were easy of execution on the canvas4 ,yet often has it seemed to me as if such first outflashing of man's ,freewill1 to lighten1 more and more into ,day1 the ,chaotic ,night that threatened to engulf him in its hindrances and its horrors1 were properly the only grandeur there is in ,history4 ,let some living ,angelo or ,rosa1 with seeing eye and understanding heart1 picture ,george ,fox on that morning1 when he spreads out his cutting-board for the last time1 and cuts cowhides by unwonted patterns1 and stitches them together into one continuous all-including ,case1 the farewell service of his awl6 ,stitch away1 thou noble ,fox3 every prick of that little instrument is pricking into the heart of ,slavery1 and ,world-worship1 and the ,mammon-god4 ,thy elbows jerk1 as in strong swimmer-strokes1 and every stroke is bearing thee across the ,prison-ditch1 within which ,vanity holds her ,workhouse and ,ragfair1 into lands of true ,liberty2 were the work done1 there is in broad ,europe one ,free ,man1 and thou art he6 ,thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height2 and for the ,poor also a ,gospel has been published4 ,surely if1 as ,d',alembert asserts1 my illustrious namesake1 ,diogenes1 was the greatest man of ,antiquity1 only that he wanted ,decency1 then by stronger reason is ,george ,fox the greatest of the ,moderns1 and greater than ,diogenes himself3 for he too stands on the adamantine basis of his ,manhood1 casting aside all props and shoars2 yet not1 in half-savage ,pride1 undervaluing the ,earth2 valuing it rather1 as a place to yield him warmth and food1 he looks ,heavenward from his ,earth1 and dwells in an element of ,mercy and ,worship1 with a still ,strength1 such as the ,cynic's ,tub did nowise witness4 ,great1 truly1 was that ,tub2 a temple from which man's dignity and divinity was scornfully preached abroad3 but greater is the ,leather ,hull1 for the same sermon was preached there1 and not in ,scorn but in ,love4 ,george ,fox's perennial suit1 with all that it held1 has been worn quite into ashes for nigh two centuries3 why1 in a discussion on the ,perfectibility of ,society1 reproduce it now8 ,not out of blind sectarian partisanship3 ,teufelsdrockh1 himself is no ,quaker2 with all his pacific tendencies1 did not we see him1 in that scene at the ,north ,cape1 with the ,archangel ,smuggler1 exhibit fire-arms8 ,for us1 aware of his deep ,sansculottism1 there is more meant in this passage than meets the ear4 ,at the same time1 who can avoid smiling at the earnestness and ,boeotian simplicity 7if indeed there be not an underhand satire in it71 with which that ,incident is here brought forward2 and1 in the ,professor's ambiguous way1 as clearly perhaps as he durst in ,weissnichtwo1 recommended to imitation6 ,does ,teufelsdrockh anticipate that1 in this age of refinement1 any considerable class of the community1 by way of testifying against the ,mammon-god1 and escaping from what he calls ,vanity's ,workhouse and ,ragfair1 where doubtless some of them are toiled and whipped and hoodwinked sufficiently1--will sheathe themselves in close-fitting cases of ,leather8 ,the idea is ridiculous in the extreme4 ,will ,majesty lay aside its robes of state1 and ,beauty its frills and train-gowns1 for a second skin of tanned hide8 ,by which change ,huddersfield and ,manchester1 and ,coventry and ,paisley1 and the ,fancy-,bazaar1 were reduced to hungry solitudes2 and only ,day and ,martin could profit4 ,for neither would ,teufelsdrockh's mad daydream1 here as we presume covertly intended1 of levelling ,society 7levelling it indeed with a vengeance1 into one huge drowned marsh671 and so attaining the political effects of ,nudity without its frigorific or other consequences1--be thereby realized4 ,would not the rich man purchase a waterproof suit of ,russia ,leather2 and the high-born ,belle step forth in red or azure morocco1 lined with shamoy3 the black cowhide being left to the ,drudges and ,gibeonites of the world2 and so all the old ,distinctions be re-established8 ,or has the ,professor his own deeper intention2 and laughs in his sleeve at our strictures and glosses1 which indeed are but a part thereof8 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,church-,,clothes4 ,not less questionable is his ,chapter on ,church-,clothes1 which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the ,volume4 ,we here translate it entire3-- ,by ,church-,clothes1 it need not be premised that ,i mean infinitely more than ,cassocks and ,surplices2 and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher ,sunday ,clothes that men go to ,church in4 ,far from it6 ,church-,clothes are1 in our vocabulary1 the ,forms1 the ,vestures1 under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the ,religious ,principle2 that is to say1 invested the ,divine ,idea of the ,world with a sensible and practically active ,body1 so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving ,,word4 ,these are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of ,human ,existence4 ,they are first spun and woven1 ,i may say1 by that wonder of wonders1 ,,society2 for it is still only when 'two or three are gathered together1' that ,religion1 spiritually existent1 and indeed indestructible1 however latent1 in each1 first outwardly manifests itself 7as with 'cloven tongues of fire'71 and seeks to be embodied in a visible ,communion and ,church ,militant4 ,mystical1 more than magical1 is that ,communing of ,soul with ,soul1 both looking heavenward3 here properly ,soul first speaks with ,soul2 for only in looking heavenward1 take it in what sense you may1 not in looking earthward1 does what we can call ,union1 mutual ,love1 ,society1 begin to be possible4 ,how true is that of ,novalis3 ',it is certain1 my ,belief gains quite infinitely the moment ,i can convince another mind thereof'6 ,gaze thou in the face of thy ,brother1 in those eyes where plays the lambent fire of ,kindness1 or in those where rages the lurid conflagration of ,anger2 feel how thy own so quiet ,soul is straightway involuntarily kindled with the like1 and ye blaze and reverberate on each other1 till it is all one limitless confluent flame 7of embracing ,love1 or of deadly-grappling ,hate72 and then say what miraculous virtue goes out of man into man4 ,but if so1 through all the thick-plied hulls of our ,earthly ,life2 how much more when it is of the ,divine ,life we speak1 and inmost ,,me is1 as it were1 brought into contact with inmost ,,me6 ,thus was it that ,i said1 the ,church ,clothes are first spun and woven by ,society2 outward ,religion originates by ,society1 ,society becomes possible by ,religion4 ,nay1 perhaps1 every conceivable ,society1 past and present1 may well be figured as properly and wholly a ,church1 in one or other of these three predicaments3 an audibly preaching and prophesying ,church1 which is the best2 second1 a ,church that struggles to preach and prophesy1 but cannot as yet1 till its ,pentecost come2 and third and worst1 a ,church gone dumb with old age1 or which only mumbles delirium prior to dissolution4 ,whoso fancies that by ,church is here meant ,chapter-houses and ,cathedrals1 or by preaching and prophesying1 mere speech and chanting1 let him1 says the oracular ,professor1 read on1 light of heart 7getrosten ,muthes74 ,but with regard to your ,church proper1 and the ,church-,clothes specially recognized as ,church-,clothes1 ,i remark1 fearlessly enough1 that without such ,vestures and sacred ,tissues ,society has not existed1 and will not exist4 ,for if ,government is1 so to speak1 the outward ,,skin of the ,body ,politic1 holding the whole together and protecting it2 and all your ,craft-,guilds1 and ,associations for ,industry1 of hand or of head1 are the ,fleshly ,clothes1 the muscular and osseous ,tissues 7lying under such ,,skin71 whereby ,society stands and works2--then is ,religion the inmost ,pericardial and ,nervous ,tissue1 which ministers ,life and warm ,circulation to the whole4 ,without which ,pericardial ,tissue the ,bones and ,muscles 7of ,industry7 were inert1 or animated only by a ,galvanic vitality2 the ,,skin would become a shrivelled pelt1 or fast-rotting rawhide2 and ,society itself a dead carcass1--deserving to be buried4 ,men were no longer ,social1 but ,gregarious2 which latter state also could not continue1 but must gradually issue in universal selfish discord1 hatred1 savage isolation1 and dispersion2--whereby1 as we might continue to say1 the very dust and dead body of ,society would have evaporated and become abolished4 ,such1 and so all-important1 all-sustaining1 are the ,church-,clothes to civilized or even to rational men4 ,meanwhile1 in our era of the ,world1 those same ,church-,clothes have gone sorrowfully out-at-elbows2 nay1 far worse1 many of them have become mere hollow ,shapes1 or ,masks1 under which no living ,figure or ,spirit any longer dwells2 but only spiders and unclean beetles1 in horrid accumulation1 drive their trade2 and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes1 in ghastly affectation of ,life1--some generation-and-half after ,religion has quite withdrawn from it1 and in unnoticed nooks is weaving for herself new ,vestures1 wherewith to reappear1 and bless us1 or our sons or grandsons4 ,as a ,priest1 or ,interpreter of the ,holy1 is the noblest and highest of all men1 so is a ,sham-priest 7,schein-priester7 the falsest and basest2 neither is it doubtful that his ,canonicals1 were they ,popes' ,tiaras1 will one day be torn from him1 to make bandages for the wounds of mankind2 or even to burn into tinder1 for general scientific or culinary purposes4 ,all which1 as out of place here1 falls to be handled in my ,second ,volume1 ,on the ,palingenesia1 or ,newbirth of ,society2 which volume1 as treating practically of the ,wear1 ,destruction1 and ,retexture of ,spiritual ,tissues1 or ,garments1 forms1 properly speaking1 the ,transcendental or ultimate ,portion of this my work on ,clothes1 and is already in a state of forwardness4 ,and herewith1 no farther exposition1 note1 or commentary being added1 does ,teufelsdrockh1 and must his ,editor now1 terminate the singular chapter on ,church-,clothes6 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,symbols4 ,probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure utterances1 if we here insert somewhat of our ,professor's speculations on ,symbols4 ,to state his whole doctrine1 indeed1 were beyond our compass3 nowhere is he more mysterious1 impalpable1 than in this of ,fantasy being the organ of the ,godlike2 and how ,man thereby1 though based1 to all seeming1 on the small ,visible1 does nevertheless extend down into the infinite deeps of the ,invisible1 of which ,invisible1 indeed1 his ,life is properly the bodying forth4 ,let us1 omitting these high transcendental aspects of the matter1 study to glean 7whether from the ,paper-bags or the ,printed ,volume7 what little seems logical and practical1 and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as it will assume4 ,by way of proem1 take the following not injudicious remarks3-- ,the benignant efficacies of ,concealment1 cries our ,professor1 who shall speak or sing8 ,,silence and ,,secrecy6 ,altars might still be raised to them 7were this an altar-building time7 for universal worship4 ,silence is the element in which great things fashion themselves together2 that at length they may emerge1 full-formed and majestic1 into the daylight of ,life1 which they are thenceforth to rule4 ,not ,william the ,silent only1 but all the considerable men ,i have known1 and the most undiplomatic and unstrategic of these1 forbore to babble of what they were creating and projecting4 ,nay1 in thy own mean perplexities1 do thou thyself but hold thy tongue for one day3 on the morrow1 how much clearer are thy purposes and duties2 what wreck and rubbish have those mute workmen within thee swept away1 when intrusive noises were shut out6 ,speech is too often not1 as the ,frenchman defined it1 the art of concealing ,thought2 but of quite stifling and suspending ,thought1 so that there is none to conceal4 ,speech too is great1 but not the greatest4 ,as the ,swiss ,inscription says3 ,sprechen ist silbern1 ,schweigen ist golden 7,speech is silvern1 ,silence is golden72 or as ,i might rather express it3 ,speech is of ,time1 ,silence is of ,eternity4 ,bees will not work except in darkness2 ,thought will not work except in ,silence3 neither will ,virtue work except in ,secrecy4 ,let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth6 ,neither shalt thou prate even to thy own heart of 'those secrets known to all4' ,is not ,shame 7,schaam7 the soil of all ,virtue1 of all good manners and good morals8 ,like other plants1 ,virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden1 buried from the eye of the sun4 ,let the sun shine on it1 nay do but look at it privily thyself1 the root withers1 and no flower will glad thee4 ,o my ,friends1 when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe1 for example1 the ,marriage-bower1 and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues of ,heaven1 what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them up by the roots1 and1 with grinning1 grunting satisfaction1 shows us the dung they flourish in6 ,men speak much of the ,printing ,press with its ,newspapers3 du ,himmel6 what are these to ,clothes and the ,tailor's ,goose8 ,of kin to the so incalculable influences of ,concealment1 and connected with still greater things1 is the wondrous agency of ,symbols4 ,in a ,symbol there is concealment and yet revelation2 here therefore1 by ,silence and by ,speech acting together1 comes a double significance4 ,and if both the ,speech be itself high1 and the ,silence fit and noble1 how expressive will their union be6 ,thus in many a painted ,device1 or simple ,seal-emblem1 the commonest ,truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite new emphasis4 ,for it is here that ,fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the small prose domain of ,sense1 and becomes incorporated therewith4 ,in the ,symbol proper1 what we can call a ,symbol1 there is ever1 more or less distinctly and directly1 some embodiment and revelation of the ,infinite2 the ,infinite is made to blend itself with the ,finite1 to stand visible1 and as it were1 attainable there4 ,by ,symbols1 accordingly1 is man guided and commanded1 made happy1 made wretched3 ,he everywhere finds himself encompassed with ,symbols1 recognized as such or not recognized3 the ,universe is but one vast ,symbol of ,god2 nay if thou wilt have it1 what is man himself but a ,symbol of ,god2 is not all that he does symbolical2 a revelation to ,sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him2 a ',gospel of ,freedom1' which he1 the ',messias of ,nature1' preaches1 as he can1 by act and word8 ,not a ,hut he builds but is the visible embodiment of a ,thought2 but bears visible record of invisible things2 but is1 in the transcendental sense1 symbolical as well as real4 ,man1 says the ,professor elsewhere1 in quite antipodal contrast with these high-soaring delineations1 which we have here cut short on the verge of the inane1 ,man is by birth somewhat of an owl4 ,perhaps1 too1 of all the owleries that ever possessed him1 the most owlish1 if we consider it1 is that of your actually existing ,motive-,millwrights4 ,fantastic tricks enough man has played1 in his time2 has fancied himself to be most things1 down even to an animated heap of ,glass3 but to fancy himself a dead ,iron-,balance for weighing ,pains and ,pleasures on1 was reserved for this his latter era4 ,there stands he1 his ,universe one huge ,manger1 filled with hay and thistles to be weighed against each other2 and looks long-eared enough4 ,alas1 poor devil6 spectres are appointed to haunt him3 one age he is hag-ridden1 bewitched2 the next1 priest-ridden1 befooled2 in all ages1 bedevilled4 ,and now the ,genius of ,mechanism smothers him worse than any ,nightmare did2 till the ,soul is nigh choked out of him1 and only a kind of ,digestive1 ,mechanic life remains4 ,in ,earth and in ,heaven he can see nothing but ,mechanism2 has fear for nothing else1 hope in nothing else3 the world would indeed grind him to pieces2 but cannot he fathom the ,doctrine of ,motives1 and cunningly compute these1 and mechanize them to grind the other way8 ,were he not1 as has been said1 purblinded by enchantment1 you had but to bid him open his eyes and look4 ,in which country1 in which time1 was it hitherto that man's history1 or the history of any man1 went on by calculated or calculable ',motives'8 ,what make ye of your ,christianities1 and ,chivalries1 and ,reformations1 and ,marseillaise ,hymns1 and ,reigns of ,terror8 ,nay1 has not perhaps the ,motive-grinder himself been in ,love8 ,did he never stand so much as a contested ,election8 ,leave him to ,time1 and the medicating virtue of ,nature4 ,yes1 ,friends1 elsewhere observes the ,professor1 not our ,logical1 ,mensurative faculty1 but our ,imaginative one is ,king over us2 ,i might say1 ,priest and ,prophet to lead us heavenward2 or ,magician and ,wizard to lead us hellward4 ,nay1 even for the basest ,sensualist1 what is ,sense but the implement of ,fantasy2 the vessel it drinks out of8 ,ever in the dullest existence there is a sheen either of ,inspiration or of ,madness 7thou partly hast it in thy choice1 which of the two71 that gleams in from the circumambient ,eternity1 and colors with its own hues our little islet of ,time4 ,the ,understanding is indeed thy window1 too clear thou canst not make it2 but ,fantasy is thy eye1 with its color-giving retina1 healthy or diseased4 ,have not ,i myself known five hundred living soldiers sabred into crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton1 which they called their ,flag2 which1 had you sold it at any market-cross1 would not have brought above three groschen8 ,did not the whole ,hungarian ,nation rise1 like some tumultuous moon-stirred ,atlantic1 when ,kaiser ,joseph pocketed their ,iron ,crown2 an implement1 as was sagaciously observed1 in size and commercial value little differing from a horse-shoe8 ,it is in and through ,symbols that man1 consciously or unconsciously1 lives1 works1 and has his being3 those ages1 moreover1 are accounted the noblest which can the best recognize symbolical worth1 and prize it the highest4 ,for is not a ,symbol ever1 to him who has eyes for it1 some dimmer or clearer revelation of the ,godlike8 ,of ,symbols1 however1 ,i remark farther1 that they have both an extrinsic and intrinsic value2 oftenest the former only4 ,what1 for instance1 was in that clouted ,shoe1 which the ,peasants bore aloft with them as ensign in their ,bauernkrieg 7,peasants' ,war78 ,or in the ,wallet-and-staff round which the ,netherland ,gueux1 glorying in that nickname of ,beggars1 heroically rallied and prevailed1 though against ,king ,philip himself8 ,intrinsic significance these had none3 only extrinsic2 as the accidental ,standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together2 in which union itself1 as above noted1 there is ever something mystical and borrowing of the ,godlike4 ,under a like category1 too1 stand1 or stood1 the stupidest heraldic ,coats-of-arms2 military ,banners everywhere2 and generally all national or other sectarian ,costumes and ,customs3 they have no intrinsic1 necessary divineness1 or even worth2 but have acquired an extrinsic one4 ,nevertheless through all these there glimmers something of a ,divine ,idea2 as through military ,banners themselves1 the ,divine ,idea of ,duty1 of heroic ,daring2 in some instances of ,freedom1 of ,right4 ,nay the highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under1 the ,cross itself1 had no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one4 ,another matter it is1 however1 when your ,symbol has intrinsic meaning1 and is of itself fit that men should unite round it4 ,let but the ,godlike manifest itself to ,sense1 let but ,eternity look1 more or less visibly1 through the ,time-,figure 7,zeitbild76 ,then is it fit that men unite there2 and worship together before such ,symbol2 and so from day to day1 and from age to age1 superadd to it new divineness4 ,of this latter sort are all true ,works of ,art3 in them 7if thou know a ,work of ,art from a ,daub of ,artifice7 wilt thou discern ,eternity looking through ,time2 the ,godlike rendered visible4 ,here too may an extrinsic value gradually superadd itself3 thus certain ,iliads1 and the like1 have1 in three thousand years1 attained quite new significance4 ,but nobler than all in this kind are the ,lives of heroic god-inspired ,men2 for what other ,work of ,art is so divine8 ,in ,death too1 in the ,death of the ,just1 as the last perfection of a ,work of ,art1 may we not discern symbolic meaning8 ,in that divinely transfigured ,sleep1 as of ,victory1 resting over the beloved face which now knows thee no more1 read 7if thou canst for tears7 the confluence of ,time with ,eternity1 and some gleam of the latter peering through4 ,highest of all ,symbols are those wherein the ,artist or ,poet has risen into ,prophet1 and all men can recognize a present ,god1 and worship the ,same3 ,i mean religious ,symbols4 ,various enough have been such religious ,symbols1 what we call ,religions2 as men stood in this stage of culture or the other1 and could worse or better body forth the ,godlike3 some ,symbols with a transient intrinsic worth2 many with only an extrinsic4 ,if thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner1 look on our divinest ,symbol3 on ,jesus of ,nazareth1 and his ,life1 and his ,biography1 and what followed therefrom4 ,higher has the human ,thought not yet reached3 this is ,christianity and ,christendom2 a ,symbol of quite perennial1 infinite character2 whose significance will ever demand to be anew inquired into1 and anew made manifest4 ,but1 on the whole1 as ,time adds much to the sacredness of ,symbols1 so likewise in his progress he at length defaces1 or even desecrates them2 and ,symbols1 like all terrestrial ,garments1 wax old4 ,homer's ,epos has not ceased to be true2 yet it is no longer our ,epos1 but shines in the distance1 if clearer and clearer1 yet also smaller and smaller1 like a receding ,star4 ,it needs a scientific telescope1 it needs to be reinterpreted and artificially brought near us1 before we can so much as know that it was a ,sun4 ,so likewise a day comes when the ,runic ,thor1 with his ,eddas1 must withdraw into dimness2 and many an ,african ,mumbo-,jumbo and ,indian ,pawaw be utterly abolished4 ,for all things1 even ,celestial ,luminaries1 much more atmospheric meteors1 have their rise1 their culmination1 their decline4 ,small is this which thou tellest me1 that the ,royal ,sceptre is but a piece of gilt wood2 that the ,pyx has become a most foolish box1 and truly1 as ,ancient ,pistol thought1 'of little price4' ,a right ,conjurer might ,i name thee1 couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the divine virtue they once held4 ,of this thing1 however1 be certain3 wouldst thou plant for ,eternity1 then plant into the deep infinite faculties of man1 his ,fantasy and ,heart2 wouldst thou plant for ,year and ,day1 then plant into his shallow superficial faculties1 his ,self-love and ,arithmetical ,understanding1 what will grow there4 ,a ,hierarch1 therefore1 and ,pontiff of the ,world will we call him1 the ,poet and inspired ,maker2 who1 ,prometheus-like1 can shape new ,symbols1 and bring new ,fire from ,heaven to fix it there4 ,such too will not always be wanting2 neither perhaps now are4 ,meanwhile1 as the average of matters goes1 we account him ,legislator and wise who can so much as tell when a ,symbol has grown old1 and gently remove it4 ,when1 as the last ,english ,coronation 99 ,i was preparing1 concludes this wonderful ,professor1 ,i read in their ,newspapers that the ',champion of ,england1' he who has to offer battle to the ,universe for his new ,king1 had brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little assistance1' ,i said to myself3 ,here also we have a ,symbol well-nigh superannuated4 ,alas1 move whithersoever you may1 are not the tatters and rags of superannuated worn-out ,symbols 7in this ,ragfair of a ,world7 dropping off everywhere1 to hoodwink1 to halter1 to tether you2 nay1 if you shake them not aside1 threatening to accumulate1 and perhaps produce suffocation8 99 ,that of ,george ,,iv4--,,ed4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,helotage4 ,at this point we determine on adverting shortly1 or rather reverting1 to a certain ,tract of ,hofrath ,heuschrecke's1 entitled ,institute for the ,repression of ,population2 which lies1 dishonorably enough 7with torn leaves1 and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs71 stuffed into the ,bag ,pisces4 ,not indeed for the sake of the tract itself1 which we admire little2 but of the marginal ,notes1 evidently in ,teufelsdrockh's hand1 which rather copiously fringe it4 ,a few of these may be in their right place here4 ,into the ,hofrath's ,institute1 with its extraordinary schemes1 and machinery of ,corresponding ,boards and the like1 we shall not so much as glance4 ,enough for us to understand that ,heuschrecke is a disciple of ,malthus2 and so zealous for the doctrine1 that his zeal almost literally eats him up4 ,a deadly fear of ,population possesses the ,hofrath2 something like a fixed idea2 undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of ,madness4 ,nowhere1 in that quarter of his intellectual world1 is there light2 nothing but a grim shadow of ,hunger2 open mouths opening wider and wider2 a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation3 by its too dense inhabitants1 famished into delirium1 universally eating one another4 ,to make air for himself in which strangulation1 choking enough to a benevolent heart1 the ,hofrath founds1 or proposes to found1 this ,institute of his1 as the best he can do4 ,it is only with our ,professor's comments thereon that we concern ourselves4 ,first1 then1 remark that ,teufelsdrockh1 as a speculative ,radical1 has his own notions about human dignity2 that the ,zahdarm palaces and courtesies have not made him forgetful of the ,futteral cottages4 ,on the blank cover of ,heuschrecke's ,tract we find the following indistinctly engrossed3-- ,two men ,i honor1 and no third4 ,first1 the toilworn ,craftsman that with earth-made ,implement laboriously conquers the ,earth1 and makes her man's4 ,venerable to me is the hard ,hand2 crooked1 coarse2 wherein notwithstanding lies a cunning virtue1 indefeasibly royal1 as of the ,sceptre of this ,planet4 ,venerable too is the rugged face1 all weather-tanned1 besoiled1 with its rude intelligence2 for it is the face of a ,man living manlike4 ,oh1 but the more venerable for thy rudeness1 and even because we must pity as well as love thee6 ,hardly-entreated ,brother6 ,for us was thy back so bent1 for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed3 thou wert our ,conscript1 on whom the lot fell1 and fighting our battles wert so marred4 ,for in thee too lay a god-created ,form1 but it was not to be unfolded2 encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements of ,labor3 and thy body1 like thy soul1 was not to know freedom4 ,yet toil on1 toil on3 thou art in thy duty1 be out of it who may2 thou toilest for the altogether indispensable1 for daily bread4 ,a second man ,i honor1 and still more highly3 ,him who is seen toiling for the spiritually indispensable2 not daily bread1 but the bread of ,life4 ,is not he too in his duty2 endeavoring towards inward ,harmony2 revealing this1 by act or by word1 through all his outward endeavors1 be they high or low8 ,highest of all1 when his outward and his inward endeavor are one3 when we can name him ,artist2 not earthly ,craftsman only1 but inspired ,thinker1 who with heaven-made ,implement conquers ,heaven for us6 ,if the poor and humble toil that we have ,food1 must not the high and glorious toil for him in return1 that he have ,light1 have ,guidance1 ,freedom1 ,immortality8--,these two1 in all their degrees1 ,i honor3 all else is chaff and dust1 which let the wind blow whither it listeth4 ,unspeakably touching is it1 however1 when ,i find both dignities united2 and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants1 is also toiling inwardly for the highest4 ,sublimer in this world know ,i nothing than a ,peasant ,saint1 could such now anywhere be met with4 ,such a one will take thee back to ,nazareth itself2 thou wilt see the splendor of ,heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of ,earth1 like a light shining in great darkness4 ,and again3 ,it is not because of his toils that ,i lament for the poor3 we must all toil1 or steal 7howsoever we name our stealing71 which is worse2 no faithful workman finds his task a pastime4 ,the poor is hungry and athirst2 but for him also there is food and drink3 he is heavy-laden and weary2 but for him also the ,heavens send ,sleep1 and of the deepest2 in his smoky cribs1 a clear dewy heaven of ,rest envelops him2 and fitful glitterings of cloud-skirted ,dreams4 ,but what ,i do mourn over is1 that the lamp of his soul should go out2 that no ray of heavenly1 or even of earthly knowledge1 should visit him2 but only1 in the haggard darkness1 like two spectres1 ,fear and ,indignation bear him company4 ,alas1 while the ,body stands so broad and brawny1 must the ,soul lie blinded1 dwarfed1 stupefied1 almost annihilated6 ,alas1 was this too a ,breath of ,god2 bestowed in ,heaven1 but on earth never to be unfolded6--,that there should one ,man die ignorant who had capacity for ,knowledge1 this ,i call a tragedy1 were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute1 as by some computations it does4 ,the miserable fraction of ,science which our united ,mankind1 in a wide ,universe of ,nescience1 has acquired1 why is not this1 with all diligence1 imparted to all8 ,quite in an opposite strain is the following3 ,the old ,spartans had a wiser method2 and went out and hunted down their ,helots1 and speared and spitted them1 when they grew too numerous4 ,with our improved fashions of hunting1 ,herr ,hofrath1 now after the invention of fire-arms1 and standing armies1 how much easier were such a hunt6 ,perhaps in the most thickly peopled country1 some three days annually might suffice to shoot all the able-bodied ,paupers that had accumulated within the year4 ,let ,governments think of this4 ,the expense were trifling3 nay the very carcasses would pay it4 ,have them salted and barrelled2 could not you victual therewith1 if not ,army and ,navy1 yet richly such infirm ,paupers1 in workhouses and elsewhere1 as enlightened ,charity1 dreading no evil of them1 might see good to keep alive8 ,and yet1 writes he farther on1 there must be something wrong4 ,a full-formed ,horse will1 in any market1 bring from twenty to as high as two hundred ,friedrichs d'or3 such is his worth to the world4 ,a full-formed ,man is not only worth nothing to the world1 but the world could afford him a round sum would he simply engage to go and hang himself4 ,nevertheless1 which of the two was the more cunningly devised article1 even as an ,engine8 ,good ,heavens6 ,a white ,european ,man1 standing on his two ,legs1 with his two five-fingered ,hands at his shackle-bones1 and miraculous ,head on his shoulders1 is worth1 ,i should say1 from fifty to a hundred ,horses6 ,true1 thou ,gold-,hofrath1 cries the ,professor elsewhere3 too crowded indeed6 ,meanwhile1 what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous ,globe have ye actually tilled and delved1 till it will grow no more8 ,how thick stands your ,population in the ,pampas and ,savannas of ,america2 round ancient ,carthage1 and in the interior of ,africa2 on both slopes of the ,altaic chain1 in the central ,platform of ,asia2 in ,spain1 ,greece1 ,turkey1 ,crim ,tartary1 the ,curragh of ,kildare8 ,one man1 in one year1 as ,i have understood it1 if you lend him ,earth1 will feed himself and nine others4 ,alas1 where now are the ,hengsts and ,alarics of our still-glowing1 still-expanding ,europe2 who1 when their home is grown too narrow1 will enlist1 and1 like ,fire-pillars1 guide onwards those superfluous masses of indomitable living ,valor2 equipped1 not now with the battle-axe and war-chariot1 but with the steam engine and ploughshare8 ,where are they8--,preserving their ,game6 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,the ,,phoenix4 ,putting which four singular ,chapters together1 and alongside of them numerous hints1 and even direct utterances1 scattered over these ,writings of his1 we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for conclusion1 that ,teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider ,society1 properly so called1 to be as good as extinct2 and that only the gregarious feelings1 and old inherited habitudes1 at this juncture1 hold us from ,dispersion1 and universal national1 civil1 domestic and personal war6 ,he says expressly3 ,for the last three centuries1 above all for the last three quarters of a century1 that same ,pericardial ,nervous ,tissue 7as we named it7 of ,religion1 where lies the ,life-essence of ,society1 has been smote at and perforated1 needfully and needlessly2 till now it is quite rent into shreds2 and ,society1 long pining1 diabetic1 consumptive1 can be regarded as defunct2 for those spasmodic1 galvanic sprawlings are not life2 neither indeed will they endure1 galvanize as you may1 beyond two days4 ,call ye that a ,society1 cries he again1 where there is no longer any ,social ,idea extant2 not so much as the ,idea of a common ,home1 but only of a common over-crowded ,lodging-house8 ,where each1 isolated1 regardless of his neighbor1 turned against his neighbor1 clutches what he can get1 and cries ',mine6' and calls it ,peace1 because1 in the cut-purse and cut-throat ,scramble1 no steel knives1 but only a far cunninger sort1 can be employed8 ,where ,friendship1 ,communion1 has become an incredible tradition2 and your holiest ,sacramental ,supper is a smoking ,tavern ,dinner1 with ,cook for ,evangelist8 ,where your ,priest has no tongue but for plate-licking3 and your high ,guides and ,governors cannot guide2 but on all hands hear it passionately proclaimed3 ,laissez faire2 ,leave us alone of your guidance1 such light is darker than darkness2 eat you your wages1 and sleep6 ,thus1 too1 continues he1 does an observant eye discern everywhere that saddest spectacle3 ,the ,poor perishing1 like neglected1 foundered ,draught-,cattle1 of ,hunger and ,overwork2 the ,rich1 still more wretchedly1 of ,idleness1 ,satiety1 and ,overgrowth4 ,the ,highest in rank1 at length1 without honor from the ,lowest2 scarcely1 with a little mouth-honor1 as from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill4 ,once-sacred ,symbols fluttering as empty ,pageants1 whereof men grudge even the expense2 a ,world becoming dismantled3 in one word1 the ,,state fallen speechless1 from obesity and apoplexy2 the ,,state shrunken into a ,police-,office1 straitened to get its pay6 ,we might ask1 are there many observant eyes1 belonging to practical men in ,england or elsewhere1 which have descried these phenomena2 or is it only from the mystic elevation of a ,german ,wahngasse that such wonders are visible8 ,teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a deceased or expiring ,society fronts us everywhere1 so that whoso runs may read4 ,what1 for example1 says he1 is the universally arrogated ,virtue1 almost the sole remaining ,catholic ,virtue1 of these days8 ,for some half-century1 it has been the thing you name ',independence4' ,suspicion of ',servility1' of reverence for ,superiors1 the very dog-leech is anxious to disavow4 ,fools6 ,were your ,superiors worthy to govern1 and you worthy to obey1 reverence for them were even your only possible freedom4 ,independence1 in all kinds1 is rebellion2 if unjust rebellion1 why parade it1 and everywhere prescribe it8 ,but what then8 ,are we returning1 as ,rousseau prayed1 to the state of ,nature8 ,the ,soul ,politic having departed1 says ,teufelsdrockh1 what can follow but that the ,body ,politic be decently interred1 to avoid putrescence8 ,liberals1 ,economists1 ,utilitarians enough ,i see marching with its bier1 and chanting loud paeans1 towards the funeral pile1 where1 amid wailings from some1 and saturnalian revelries from the most1 the venerable ,corpse is to be burnt4 ,or1 in plain words1 that these men1 ,liberals1 ,utilitarians1 or whatsoever they are called1 will ultimately carry their point1 and dissever and destroy most existing ,institutions of ,society1 seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful4 ,do we not see a little subdivision of the grand ,utilitarian ,armament come to light even in insulated ,england8 ,a living nucleus1 that will attract and grow1 does at length appear there also2 and under curious phasis2 properly as the inconsiderable fag-end1 and so far in the rear of the others as to fancy itself the van4 ,our ,european ,mechanizers are a sect of boundless diffusion1 activity1 and co-operative spirit3 has not ,utilitarianism flourished in high places of ,thought1 here among ourselves1 and in every ,european country1 at some time or other1 within the last fifty years8 ,if now in all countries1 except perhaps ,england1 it has ceased to flourish1 or indeed to exist1 among ,thinkers1 and sunk to ,journalists and the popular mass1--who sees not that1 as hereby it no longer preaches1 so the reason is1 it now needs no ,preaching1 but is in full universal ,action1 the doctrine everywhere known1 and enthusiastically laid to heart8 ,the fit pabulum1 in these times1 for a certain rugged workshop intellect and heart1 nowise without their corresponding workshop strength and ferocity1 it requires but to be stated in such scenes to make proselytes enough4--,admirably calculated for destroying1 only not for rebuilding6 ,it spreads like a sort of ,dog-madness2 till the whole ,world-kennel will be rabid3 then woe to the ,huntsmen1 with or without their whips6 ,they should have given the quadrupeds water1 adds he2 the water1 namely1 of ,knowledge and of ,life1 while it was yet time4 ,thus1 if ,professor ,teufelsdrockh can be relied on1 we are at this hour in a most critical condition2 beleaguered by that boundless ,armament of ,mechanizers and ,unbelievers1 threatening to strip us bare6 ,the ,world1 says he1 as it needs must1 is under a process of devastation and waste1 which1 whether by silent assiduous corrosion1 or open quicker combustion1 as the case chances1 will effectually enough annihilate the past ,forms of ,society2 replace them with what it may4 ,for the present1 it is contemplated that when man's whole ,spiritual ,interests are once divested1 these innumerable stript-off ,garments shall mostly be burnt2 but the sounder ,rags among them be quilted together into one huge ,irish watch-coat for the defence of the ,body only6--,this1 we think1 is but ,job's-news to the humane reader4 ,nevertheless1 cries ,teufelsdrockh1 who can hinder it2 who is there that can clutch into the wheelspokes of ,destiny1 and say to the ,spirit of the ,time3 ,turn back1 ,i command thee8--,wiser were it that we yielded to the ,inevitable and ,inexorable1 and accounted even this the best4 ,nay1 might not an attentive ,editor1 drawing his own inferences from what stands written1 conjecture that ,teufelsdrockh1 individually had yielded to this same ,inevitable and ,inexorable heartily enough2 and now sat waiting the issue1 with his natural diabolico-angelical ,indifference1 if not even ,placidity8 ,did we not hear him complain that the ,world was a huge ,ragfair1 and the rags and tatters of old ,symbols were raining down everywhere1 like to drift him in1 and suffocate him8 ,what with those unhunted ,helots of his2 and the uneven sic vos non vobis pressure and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in existing things2 what with the so hateful empty ,masks1 full of beetles and spiders1 yet glaring out on him1 from their glass eyes1 with a ghastly affectation of life1--we feel entitled to conclude him even willing that much should be thrown to the ,devil1 so it were but done gently6 ,safe himself in that ,pinnacle of ,weissnichtwo1 he would consent1 with a tragic solemnity1 that the monster ,,utilitaria1 held back1 indeed1 and moderated by nose-rings1 halters1 foot-shackles1 and every conceivable modification of rope1 should go forth to do her work2--to tread down old ruinous ,palaces and ,temples with her broad hoof1 till the whole were trodden down1 that new and better might be built6 ,remarkable in this point of view are the following sentences4 ,society1 says he1 is not dead3 that ,carcass1 which you call dead ,society1 is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off1 to assume a nobler2 she herself1 through perpetual metamorphoses1 in fairer and fairer development1 has to live till ,time also merge in ,eternity4 ,wheresoever two or three ,living ,men are gathered together1 there is ,society2 or there it will be1 with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous structures1 overspreading this little ,globe1 and reaching upwards to ,heaven and downwards to ,gehenna3 for always1 under one or the other figure1 it has two authentic ,revelations1 of a ,god and of a ,devil2 the ,pulpit1 namely1 and the ,gallows4 ,indeed1 we already heard him speak of ,religion1 in unnoticed nooks1 weaving for herself new ,vestures2--,teufelsdrockh himself being one of the loom-treadles8 ,elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange aphorism of ,saint ,simon's1 concerning which and whom so much were to be said3 ,l'age d'or1 qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le passe1 est devant nous2 ,the golden age1 which a blind tradition has hitherto placed in the ,past1 is ,before us4--,but listen again3-- ,when the ,phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre1 will there not be sparks flying6 ,alas1 some millions of men1 and among them such as a ,napoleon1 have already been licked into that high-eddying ,flame1 and like moths consumed there4 ,still also have we to fear that incautious beards will get singed4 ,for the rest1 in what year of grace such ,phoenix-cremation will be completed1 you need not ask4 ,the law of ,perseverance is among the deepest in man3 by nature he hates change2 seldom will he quit his old house till it has actually fallen about his ears4 ,thus have ,i seen ,solemnities linger as ,ceremonies1 sacred ,symbols as idle ,pageants1 to the extent of three hundred years and more after all life and sacredness had evaporated out of them4 ,and then1 finally1 what time the ,phoenix ,death-,birth itself will require1 depends on unseen contingencies4--,meanwhile1 would ,destiny offer ,mankind1 that after1 say two centuries of convulsion and conflagration1 more or less vivid1 the fire-creation should be accomplished1 and we to find ourselves again in a ,living ,society1 and no longer fighting but working1--were it not perhaps prudent in ,mankind to strike the bargain8 ,thus is ,teufelsdrockh1 content that old sick ,society should be deliberately burnt 7alas1 with quite other fuel than spice-wood72 in the faith that she is a ,phoenix2 and that a new heaven-born young one will rise out of her ashes6 ,we ourselves1 restricted to the duty of ,indicator1 shall forbear commentary4 ,meanwhile1 will not the judicious reader shake his head1 and reproachfully1 yet more in sorrow than in anger1 say or think3 ,from a ,doctor utriusque ,juris1 titular ,professor in a ,university1 and man to whom hitherto1 for his services1 ,society1 bad as she is1 has given not only food and raiment 7of a kind71 but books1 tobacco and gukguk1 we expected more gratitude to his benefactress2 and less of a blind trust in the future which resembles that rather of a philosophical ,fatalist and ,enthusiast1 than of a solid householder paying scot-and-lot in a ,christian country4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,old ,,clothes4 ,as mentioned above1 ,teufelsdrockh1 though a ,sansculottist1 is in practice probably the politest man extant3 his whole heart and life are penetrated and informed with the spirit of politeness2 a noble natural ,courtesy shines through him1 beautifying his vagaries2 like sunlight1 making a rosyfingered1 rainbow-dyed ,aurora out of mere aqueous clouds2 nay brightening ,london-smoke itself into gold vapor1 as from the crucible of an alchemist4 ,hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he expresses himself on this head3-- ,shall ,courtesy be done only to the rich1 and only by the rich8 ,in ,good-breeding1 which differs1 if at all1 from ,high-breeding1 only as it gracefully remembers the rights of others1 rather than gracefully insists on its own rights1 ,i discern no special connection with wealth or birth3 but rather that it lies in human nature itself1 and is due from all men towards all men4 ,of a truth1 were your ,schoolmaster at his post1 and worth anything when there1 this1 with so much else1 would be reformed4 ,nay1 each man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster2 till at length a rude-visaged1 unmannered ,peasant could no more be met with1 than a ,peasant unacquainted with botanical ,physiology1 or who felt not that the clod he broke was created in ,heaven4 ,for whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer1 art not thou ,,alive2 is not this thy brother ,,alive8 ',there is but one temple in the world1' says ,novalis1 'and that temple is the ,body of ,man4 ,nothing is holier than this high ,form4 ,bending before men is a reverence done to this ,revelation in the ,flesh4 ,we touch ,heaven1 when we lay our hands on a human ,body4' ,on which ground1 ,i would fain carry it farther than most do2 and whereas the ,english ,johnson only bowed to every ,clergyman1 or man with a shovel-hat1 ,i would bow to every ,man with any sort of hat1 or with no hat whatever4 ,is not he a ,temple1 then2 the visible ,manifestation and ,impersonation of the ,divinity8 ,and yet1 alas1 such indiscriminate bowing serves not4 ,for there is a ,devil dwells in man1 as well as a ,divinity2 and too often the bow is but pocketed by the former4 ,it would go to the pocket of ,vanity 7which is your clearest phasis of the ,devil1 in these times72 therefore must we withhold it4 ,the gladder am ,i1 on the other hand1 to do reverence to those ,shells and outer ,husks of the ,body1 wherein no devilish passion any longer lodges1 but only the pure emblem and effigies of ,man3 ,i mean1 to ,empty1 or even to ,cast ,clothes4 ,nay1 is it not to ,clothes that most men do reverence3 to the fine frogged broadcloth1 nowise to the 'straddling animal with bandy legs' which it holds1 and makes a ,dignitary of8 ,who ever saw any ,lord my-lorded in tattered blanket fastened with wooden skewer8 ,nevertheless1 ,i say1 there is in such worship a shade of hypocrisy1 a practical deception3 for how often does the ,body appropriate what was meant for the ,cloth only6 ,whoso would avoid falsehood1 which is the essence of all ,sin1 will perhaps see good to take a different course4 ,that reverence which cannot act without obstruction and perversion when the ,clothes are full1 may have free course when they are empty4 ,even as1 for ,hindoo ,worshippers1 the ,pagoda is not less sacred than the ,god2 so do ,i too worship the hollow cloth ,garment with equal fervor1 as when it contained the ,man3 nay1 with more1 for ,i now fear no deception1 of myself or of others4 ,did not ,king ,toomtabard1 or1 in other words1 ,john ,baliol1 reign long over ,scotland2 the man ,john ,baliol being quite gone1 and only the ',toom ,tabard' 7,empty ,gown7 remaining8 ,what still dignity dwells in a suit of ,cast ,clothes6 ,how meekly it bears its honors6 ,no haughty looks1 no scornful gesture3 silent and serene1 it fronts the world2 neither demanding worship1 nor afraid to miss it4 ,the ,hat still carries the physiognomy of its ,head3 but the vanity and the stupidity1 and goose-speech which was the sign of these two1 are gone4 ,the ,coat-arm is stretched out1 but not to strike2 the ,breeches1 in modest simplicity1 depend at ease1 and now at last have a graceful flow2 the ,waistcoat hides no evil passion1 no riotous desire2 hunger or thirst now dwells not in it4 ,thus all is purged from the grossness of sense1 from the carking cares and foul vices of the ,world2 and rides there1 on its ,clothes-horse2 as1 on a ,pegasus1 might some skyey ,messenger1 or purified ,apparition1 visiting our low ,earth4 ,often1 while ,i sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of ,civilized ,life1 the ,capital of ,england2 and meditated1 and questioned ,destiny1 under that ink-sea of vapor1 black1 thick1 and multifarious as ,spartan broth2 and was one lone soul amid those grinding millions2--often have ,i turned into their ,old-,clothes ,market to worship4 ,with awe-struck heart ,i walk through that ,monmouth ,street1 with its empty ,suits1 as through a ,sanhedrim of stainless ,ghosts4 ,silent are they1 but expressive in their silence3 the past witnesses and instruments of ,woe and ,joy1 of ,passions1 ,virtues1 ,crimes1 and all the fathomless tumult of ,good and ,evil in 'the ,prison men call ,life4' ,friends6 trust not the heart of that man for whom ,old ,clothes are not venerable4 ,watch1 too1 with reverence1 that bearded ,jewish ,high-priest1 who with hoarse voice1 like some ,angel of ,doom1 summons them from the four winds6 ,on his head1 like the ,pope1 he has three ,hats1--a real triple tiara2 on either hand are the similitude of wings1 whereon the summoned ,garments come to alight2 and ever1 as he slowly cleaves the air1 sounds forth his deep fateful note1 as if through a trumpet he were proclaiming3 ',ghosts of ,life1 come to ,judgment6' ,reck not1 ye fluttering ,ghosts3 he will purify you in his ,purgatory1 with fire and with water2 and1 one day1 new-created ye shall reappear4 ,oh1 let him in whom the flame of ,devotion is ready to go out1 who has never worshipped1 and knows not what to worship1 pace and repace1 with austerest thought1 the pavement of ,monmouth ,street1 and say whether his heart and his eyes still continue dry4 ,if ,field ,lane1 with its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs1 be a ,dionysius' ,ear1 where1 in stifled jarring hubbub1 we hear the ,indictment which ,poverty and ,vice bring against lazy ,wealth1 that it has left them there cast out and trodden under foot of ,want1 ,darkness and the ,devil1--then is ,monmouth ,street a ,mirza's ,hill1 where1 in motley vision1 the whole ,pageant of ,existence passes awfully before us2 with its wail and jubilee1 mad loves and mad hatreds1 church-bells and gallows-ropes1 farce-tragedy1 beast-godhood1--the ,bedlam of ,creation6 ,to most men1 as it does to ourselves1 all this will seem overcharged4 ,we too have walked through ,monmouth ,street2 but with little feeling of ,devotion3 probably in part because the contemplative process is so fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that ,church1 and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals4 ,whereas ,teufelsdrockh1 might be in that happy middle state1 which leaves to the ,clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase1 and so be allowed to linger there without molestation4--,something we would have given to see the little philosophical figure1 with its steeple-hat and loose flowing skirts1 and eyes in a fine frenzy1 pacing and repacing in austerest thought that foolish ,street2 which to him was a true ,delphic avenue1 and supernatural ,whispering-gallery1 where the ,ghosts of ,life rounded strange secrets in his ear4 ,o thou philosophic ,teufelsdrockh1 that listenest while others only gabble1 and with thy quick tympanum hearest the grass grow6 ,at the same time1 is it not strange that1 in ,paper-bag ,documents destined for an ,english work1 there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this his sojourn in ,london2 and of his ,meditations among the ,clothes-shops only the obscurest emblematic shadows8 ,neither1 in conversation 7for1 indeed1 he was not a man to pester you with his ,travels71 have we heard him more than allude to the subject4 ,for the rest1 however1 it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how early the significance of ,clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished ,clothes-,professor4 ,might we but fancy it to have been even in ,monmouth ,street1 at the bottom of our own ,english ink-sea1 that this remarkable ,volume first took being1 and shot forth its salient point in his soul1--as in ,chaos did the ,egg of ,eros1 one day to be hatched into a ,universe6 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,organic ,,filaments4 ,for us1 who happen to live while the ,world-,phoenix is burning herself1 and burning so slowly that1 as ,teufelsdrockh calculates1 it were a handsome bargain would she engage to have done within two centuries1 there seems to lie but an ashy prospect4 ,not altogether so1 however1 does the ,professor figure it4 ,in the living subject1 says he1 change is wont to be gradual3 thus1 while the serpent sheds its old skin1 the new is already formed beneath4 ,little knowest thou of the burning of a ,world-,phoenix1 who fanciest that she must first burn out1 and lie as a dead cinereous heap2 and therefrom the young one start up by miracle1 and fly heavenward4 ,far otherwise6 ,in that ,fire-whirlwind1 ,creation and ,destruction proceed together2 ever as the ashes of the ,old are blown about1 do organic filaments of the ,new mysteriously spin themselves3 and amid the rushing and the waving of the ,whirlwind element come tones of a melodious ,death-song1 which end not but in tones of a more melodious ,birth-song4 ,nay1 look into the ,fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes1 and thou wilt see4 ,let us actually look1 then3 to poor individuals1 who cannot expect to live two centuries1 those same organic filaments1 mysteriously spinning themselves1 will be the best part of the spectacle4 ,first1 therefore1 this of ,mankind in general3-- ,in vain thou deniest it1 says the ,professor2 thou art my ,brother4 ,thy very ,hatred1 thy very ,envy1 those foolish ,lies thou tellest of me in thy splenetic humor3 what is all this but an inverted ,sympathy8 ,were ,i a ,steam-engine1 wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me8 ,not thou6 ,i should grind all unheeded1 whether badly or well4 ,wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all2 whether by the soft binding of ,love1 or the iron chaining of ,necessity1 as we like to choose it4 ,more than once have ,i said to myself1 of some perhaps whimsically strutting ,figure1 such as provokes whimsical thoughts3 ',wert thou1 my little ,brotherkin1 suddenly covered up within the largest imaginable ,glass bell1--what a thing it were1 not for thyself only1 but for the world6 ,post ,letters1 more or fewer1 from all the four winds1 impinge against thy ,glass walls1 but have to drop unread3 neither from within comes there question or response into any ,post-bag2 thy ,thoughts fall into no friendly ear or heart1 thy ,manufacture into no purchasing hand3 thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial ,heart1 that1 taking and giving1 circulatest through all ,space and all ,time3 there has a ,hole fallen out in the immeasurable1 universal ,world-tissue1 which must be darned up again6' ,such venous-arterial circulation1 of ,letters1 verbal ,messages1 paper and other ,packages1 going out from him and coming in1 are a blood-circulation1 visible to the eye3 but the finer nervous circulation1 by which all things1 the minutest that he does1 minutely influence all men1 and the very look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on1 and so generates ever new blessing or new cursing3 all this you cannot see1 but only imagine4 ,i say1 there is not a red ,indian1 hunting by ,lake ,winnipeg1 can quarrel with his squaw1 but the whole world must smart for it3 will not the price of beaver rise8 ,it is a mathematical fact that the casting of this pebble from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the ,universe4 ,if now an existing generation of men stand so woven together1 not less indissolubly does generation with generation4 ,hast thou ever meditated on that word1 ,tradition3 how we inherit not ,life only1 but all the garniture and form of ,life2 and work1 and speak1 and even think and feel1 as our ,fathers1 and primeval grandfathers1 from the beginning1 have given it us8--,who printed thee1 for example1 this unpretending ,volume on the ,philosophy of ,clothes8 ,not the ,herren ,stillschweigen and ,company2 but ,cadmus of ,thebes1 ,faust of ,mentz1 and innumerable others whom thou knowest not4 ,had there been no ,moesogothic ,ulfila1 there had been no ,english ,shakspeare1 or a different one4 ,simpleton6 ,it was ,tubal-cain that made thy very ,tailor's needle1 and sewed that court-suit of thine4 ,yes1 truly1 if ,nature is one1 and a living indivisible whole1 much more is ,mankind1 the ,image that reflects and creates ,nature1 without which ,nature were not4 ,as palpable lifestreams in that wondrous ,individual ,mankind1 among so many life-streams that are not palpable1 flow on those main currents of what we call ,opinion2 as preserved in ,institutions1 ,polities1 ,churches1 above all in ,books4 ,beautiful it is to understand and know that a ,thought did never yet die2 that as thou1 the originator thereof1 hast gathered it and created it from the whole ,past1 so thou wilt transmit it to the whole ,future4 ,it is thus that the heroic heart1 the seeing eye of the first times1 still feels and sees in us of the latest2 that the ,wise ,man stands ever encompassed1 and spiritually embraced1 by a cloud of witnesses and brothers2 and there is a living1 literal ,communion of ,saints1 wide as the ,world itself1 and as the ,history of the ,world4 ,noteworthy also1 and serviceable for the progress of this same ,individual1 wilt thou find his subdivision into ,generations4 ,generations are as the ,days of toilsome ,mankind3 ,death and ,birth are the vesper and the matin bells1 that summon ,mankind to sleep1 and to rise refreshed for new advancement4 ,what the ,father has made1 the ,son can make and enjoy2 but has also work of his own appointed him4 ,thus all things wax1 and roll onwards2 ,arts1 ,establishments1 ,opinions1 nothing is completed1 but ever completing4 ,newton has learned to see what ,kepler saw2 but there is also a fresh heaven-derived force in ,newton2 he must mount to still higher points of vision4 ,so too the ,hebrew ,lawgiver is1 in due time1 followed by an ,apostle of the ,gentiles4 ,in the business of ,destruction1 as this also is from time to time a necessary work1 thou findest a like sequence and perseverance3 for ,luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning of the ,pope's ,bull2 ,voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering ashes1 but required quite other fuel4 ,thus likewise1 ,i note1 the ,english ,whig has1 in the second generation1 become an ,english ,radical2 who1 in the third again1 it is to be hoped1 will become an ,english ,rebuilder4 ,find ,mankind where thou wilt1 thou findest it in living movement1 in progress faster or slower3 the ,phoenix soars aloft1 hovers with outstretched wings1 filling ,earth with her music2 or1 as now1 she sinks1 and with spheral swan-song immolates herself in flame1 that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer4 ,let the friends of social order1 in such a disastrous period1 lay this to heart1 and derive from it any little comfort they can4 ,we subjoin another passage1 concerning ,titles3-- ,remark1 not without surprise1 says ,teufelsdrockh1 how all high ,titles of ,honor come hitherto from ,fighting4 ,your ,herzog 7,duke1 ,dux7 is ,leader of ,armies2 your ,earl 7,jarl7 is ,strong ,man2 your ,marshal cavalry ,horse-shoer4 ,a ,millennium1 or reign of ,peace and ,wisdom1 having from of old been prophesied1 and becoming now daily more and more indubitable1 may it not be apprehended that such ,fighting titles will cease to be palatable1 and new and higher need to be devised8 ,the only ,title wherein ,i1 with confidence1 trace eternity is that of ,king4 ,konig 7,king71 anciently ,konning1 means ,ken-ning 7,cunning71 or which is the same thing1 ,can-ning4 ,ever must the ,sovereign of ,mankind be fitly entitled ,king4 ,well1 also1 says he elsewhere1 was it written by ,theologians3 a ,king rules by divine right4 ,he carries in him an authority from ,god1 or man will never give it him4 ,can ,i choose my own ,king8 ,i can choose my own ,king ,popinjay1 and play what farce or tragedy ,i may with him3 but he who is to be my ,ruler1 whose will is to be higher than my will1 was chosen for me in ,heaven4 ,neither except in such ,obedience to the ,heaven-chosen is ,freedom so much as conceivable4 ,the ,editor will here admit that1 among all the wondrous provinces of ,teufelsdrockh's spiritual world1 there is none he walks in with such astonishment1 hesitation1 and even pain1 as in the ,political4 ,how1 with our ,english love of ,ministry and ,opposition1 and that generous conflict of ,parties1 mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the ,public ,good1 by which wrestle1 indeed1 is our invaluable ,constitution kept warm and alive2 how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral ,necropolis1 or rather ,city both of the ,dead and of the ,unborn1 where the ,present seems little other than an inconsiderable ,film dividing the ,past and the ,future8 ,in those dim long-drawn expanses1 all is so immeasurable2 much so disastrous1 ghastly2 your very radiances and straggling light-beams have a supernatural character4 ,and then with such an indifference1 such a prophetic peacefulness 7accounting the inevitably coming as already here1 to him all one whether it be distant by centuries or only by days71 does he sit2--and live1 you would say1 rather in any other age than in his own6 ,it is our painful duty to announce1 or repeat1 that1 looking into this man1 we discern a deep1 silent1 slow-burning1 inextinguishable ,radicalism1 such as fills us with shuddering admiration4 ,thus1 for example1 he appears to make little even of the ,elective ,franchise2 at least so we interpret the following3 ,satisfy yourselves1 he says1 by universal1 indubitable experiment1 even as ye are now doing or will do1 whether ,,freedom1 heaven-born and leading heavenward1 and so vitally essential for us all1 cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched and brought to light in that same ,ballot-,box of yours2 or at worst1 in some other discoverable or devisable ,box1 ,edifice1 or ,steam-mechanism4 ,it were a mighty convenience2 and beyond all feats of manufacture witnessed hitherto4 ,is ,teufelsdrockh acquainted with the ,british constitution1 even slightly8--,he says1 under another figure3 ,but after all1 were the problem1 as indeed it now everywhere is1 ,to rebuild your old ,house from the top downwards 7since you must live in it the while71 what better1 what other1 than the ,representative ,machine will serve your turn8 ,meanwhile1 however1 mock me not with the name of ,free1 'when you have but knit up my chains into ornamental festoons4'--,or what will any member of the ,peace ,society make of such an assertion as this3 ,the lower people everywhere desire ,war4 ,not so unwisely2 there is then a demand for lower people--to be shot6 ,gladly1 therefore1 do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths of speculative ,radicalism1 into somewhat clearer regions4 ,here1 looking round1 as was our hest1 for organic filaments1 we ask1 may not this1 touching ,hero-worship1 be of the number8 ,it seems of a cheerful character2 yet so quaint1 so mystical1 one knows not what1 or how little1 may lie under it4 ,our readers shall look with their own eyes3-- ,true is it that1 in these days1 man can do almost all things1 only not obey4 ,true likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free1 still less bear rule2 he that is the inferior of nothing1 can be the superior of nothing1 the equal of nothing4 ,nevertheless1 believe not that man has lost his faculty of ,reverence2 that if it slumber in him1 it has gone dead4 ,painful for man is that same rebellious ,independence1 when it has become inevitable2 only in loving companionship with his fellows does he feel safe2 only in reverently bowing down before the ,higher does he feel himself exalted4 ,or what if the character of our so troublous ,era lay even in this3 that man had forever cast away ,fear1 which is the lower2 but not yet risen into perennial ,reverence1 which is the higher and highest8 ,meanwhile1 observe with joy1 so cunningly has ,nature ordered it1 that whatsoever man ought to obey1 he cannot but obey4 ,before no faintest revelation of the ,godlike did he ever stand irreverent2 least of all1 when the ,godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man4 ,thus is there a true religious ,loyalty forever rooted in his heart2 nay in all ages1 even in ours1 it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox ,hero-worship4 ,in which fact1 that ,hero-worship exists1 has existed1 and will forever exist1 universally among ,mankind1 mayest thou discern the corner-stone of living rock1 whereon all ,polities for the remotest time may stand secure4 ,do our readers discern any such corner-stone1 or even so much as what ,teufelsdrockh1 is looking at8 ,he exclaims1 ,or hast thou forgotten ,paris and ,voltaire8 ,how the aged1 withered man1 though but a ,sceptic1 ,mocker1 and millinery ,court-poet1 yet because even he seemed the ,wisest1 ,best1 could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels1 so that princes coveted a smile from him1 and the loveliest of ,france would have laid their hair beneath his feet6 ,all ,paris was one vast ,temple of ,hero-worship2 though their ,divinity1 moreover1 was of feature too apish4 ,but if such things1 continues he1 were done in the dry tree1 what will be done in the green8 ,if1 in the most parched season of ,man's ,history1 in the most parched spot of ,europe1 when ,parisian life was at best but a scientific ,hortus ,siccus1 bedizened with some ,italian ,gumflowers1 such virtue could come out of it2 what is to be looked for when ,life again waves leafy and bloomy1 and your ,hero-,divinity shall have nothing apelike1 but be wholly human8 ,know that there is in man a quite indestructible ,reverence for whatsoever holds of ,heaven1 or even plausibly counterfeits such holding4 ,show the dullest clodpoll1 show the haughtiest featherhead1 that a soul higher than himself is actually here2 were his knees stiffened into brass1 he must down and worship4 ,organic filaments1 of a more authentic sort1 mysteriously spinning themselves1 some will perhaps discover in the following passage3-- ,there is no ,church1 sayest thou8 ,the voice of ,prophecy has gone dumb8 ,this is even what ,i dispute3 but in any case1 hast thou not still ,preaching enough8 ,a ,preaching ,friar settles himself in every village2 and builds a pulpit1 which he calls ,newspaper4 ,therefrom he preaches what most momentous doctrine is in him1 for man's salvation2 and dost not thou listen1 and believe8 ,look well1 thou seest everywhere a new ,clergy of the ,mendicant ,orders1 some barefooted1 some almost bare-backed1 fashion itself into shape1 and teach and preach1 zealously enough1 for copper alms and the love of ,god4 ,these break in pieces the ancient idols2 and1 though themselves too often reprobate1 as idol-breakers are wont to be1 mark out the sites of new ,churches1 where the true ,god-ordained1 that are to follow1 may find audience1 and minister4 ,said ,i not1 ,before the old skin was shed1 the new had formed itself beneath it8 ,perhaps also in the following2 wherewith we now hasten to knit up this ravelled sleeve3-- ,but there is no ,religion8 reiterates the ,professor4 ,fool6 ,i tell thee1 there is4 ,hast thou well considered all that lies in this immeasurable froth-ocean we name ,,literature8 ,fragments of a genuine ,church-,homiletic lie scattered there1 which ,time will assort3 nay fractions even of a ,liturgy could ,i point out4 ,and knowest thou no ,prophet1 even in the vesture1 environment1 and dialect of this age8 ,none to whom the ,godlike had revealed itself1 through all meanest and highest forms of the ,common2 and by him been again prophetically revealed3 in whose inspired melody1 even in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days1 ,man's ,life again begins1 were it but afar off1 to be divine8 ,knowest thou none such8 ,i know him1 and name him--,goethe4 ,but thou as yet standest in no ,temple2 joinest in no ,psalm-worship2 feelest well that1 where there is no ministering ,priest1 the people perish8 ,be of comfort6 ,thou art not alone1 if thou have ,faith4 ,spake we not of a ,communion of ,saints1 unseen1 yet not unreal1 accompanying and brother-like embracing thee1 so thou be worthy8 ,their heroic ,sufferings rise up melodiously together to ,heaven1 out of all lands1 and out of all times1 as a sacred ,miserere2 their heroic ,actions also1 as a boundless everlasting ,psalm of ,triumph4 ,neither say that thou hast now no ,symbol of the ,godlike4 ,is not ,god's ,universe a ,symbol of the ,godlike2 is not ,immensity a ,temple2 is not ,man's ,history1 and ,men's ,history1 a perpetual ,evangel8 ,listen1 and for organ-music thou wilt ever1 as of old1 hear the ,morning ,stars sing together4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,natural ,,supernaturalism4 ,it is in his stupendous ,section1 headed ,natural ,supernaturalism1 that the ,professor first becomes a ,seer2 and1 after long effort1 such as we have witnessed1 finally subdues under his feet this refractory ,clothes-,philosophy1 and takes victorious possession thereof4 ,phantasms enough he has had to struggle with2 ,cloth-webs and ,cob-webs1 of ,imperial ,mantles1 ,superannuated ,symbols1 and what not3 yet still did he courageously pierce through4 ,nay1 worst of all1 two quite mysterious1 world-embracing ,phantasms1 ,,time and ,,space1 have ever hovered round him1 perplexing and bewildering3 but with these also he now resolutely grapples1 these also he victoriously rends asunder4 ,in a word1 he has looked fixedly on ,existence1 till1 one after the other1 its earthly hulls and garnitures have all melted away2 and now1 to his rapt vision1 the interior celestial ,holy-of-,holies lies disclosed4 ,here1 therefore1 properly it is that the ,philosophy of ,clothes attains to ,transcendentalism2 this last leap1 can we but clear it1 takes us safe into the promised land1 where ,palingenesia1 in all senses1 may be considered as beginning4 ,courage1 then6 may our ,diogenes exclaim1 with better right than ,diogenes the ,first once did4 ,this stupendous ,section we1 after long painful meditation1 have found not to be unintelligible2 but1 on the contrary1 to grow clear1 nay radiant1 and all-illuminating4 ,let the reader1 turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect is in him1 do his part2 as we1 by judicious selection and adjustment1 shall study to do ours3-- ,deep has been1 and is1 the significance of ,miracles1 thus quietly begins the ,professor2 far deeper perhaps than we imagine4 ,meanwhile1 the question of questions were3 ,what specially is a ,miracle8 ,to that ,dutch ,king of ,siam1 an icicle had been a miracle2 whoso had carried with him an air-pump1 and vial of vitriolic ether1 might have worked a miracle4 ,to my ,horse1 again1 who unhappily is still more unscientific1 do not ,i work a miracle1 and magical ',open sesame6' every time ,i please to pay twopence1 and open for him an impassable ,schlagbaum1 or shut ,turnpike8 ',but is not a real ,miracle simply a violation of the ,laws of ,nature8' ask several4 ,whom ,i answer by this new question3 ,what are the ,laws of ,nature8 ,to me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation of these ,laws1 but a confirmation2 were some far deeper ,law1 now first penetrated into1 and by ,spiritual ,force1 even as the rest have all been1 brought to bear on us with its ,material ,force4 ,here too may some inquire1 not without astonishment3 ,on what ground shall one1 that can make ,iron swim1 come and declare that therefore he can teach ,religion8 ,to us1 truly1 of the ,nineteenth ,century1 such declaration were inept enough2 which nevertheless to our fathers1 of the ,first ,century1 was full of meaning4 ',but is it not the deepest ,law of ,nature that she be constant8' cries an illuminated class3 ',is not the ,machine of the ,universe fixed to move by unalterable rules8' ,probable enough1 good friends3 nay ,i1 too1 must believe that the ,god1 whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without variableness or shadow of turning1' does indeed never change2 that ,nature1 that the ,universe1 which no one whom it so pleases can be prevented from calling a ,machine1 does move by the most unalterable rules4 ,and now of you1 too1 ,i make the old inquiry3 ,what those same unalterable rules1 forming the complete ,statute-,book of ,nature1 may possibly be8 ,they stand written in our ,works of ,science1 say you2 in the accumulated records of ,man's ,experience8--,was ,man with his ,experience present at the ,creation1 then1 to see how it all went on8 ,have any deepest scientific individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the ,universe1 and gauged everything there8 ,did the ,maker take them into ,his counsel2 that they read ,his ground-plan of the incomprehensible ,all2 and can say1 ,this stands marked therein1 and no more than this8 ,alas1 not in anywise6 ,these scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are2 have seen some hand breadths deeper than we see into the ,deep that is infinite1 without bottom as without shore4 ,laplace's ,book on the ,stars1 wherein he exhibits that certain ,planets1 with their ,satellites1 gyrate round our worthy ,sun1 at a rate and in a course1 which1 by greatest good fortune1 he and the like of him have succeeded in detecting1--is to me as precious as to another4 ,but is this what thou namest ',mechanism of the ,heavens1' and ',system of the ,world2' this1 wherein ,sirius and the ,pleiades1 and all ,herschel's ,fifteen thousand ,suns per minute1 being left out1 some paltry handful of ,moons1 and inert ,balls1 had been--looked at1 nick-named1 and marked in the ,zodiacal ,way-bill2 so that we can now prate of their ,whereabout2 their ,how1 their ,why1 their ,what1 being hid from us1 as in the signless ,inane8 ,system of ,nature6 ,to the wisest man1 wide as is his vision1 ,nature remains of quite infinite depth1 of quite infinite expansion2 and all ,experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and measured square-miles4 ,the course of ,nature's phases1 on this our little fraction of a ,planet1 is partially known to us3 but who knows what deeper courses these depend on2 what infinitely larger ,cycle 7of causes7 our little ,epicycle revolves on8 ,to the ,minnow every cranny and pebble1 and quality and accident1 of its little native ,creek may have become familiar3 but does the ,minnow understand the ,ocean ,tides and periodic ,currents1 the ,trade-winds1 and ,monsoons1 and ,moon's ,eclipses2 by all which the condition of its little ,creek is regulated1 and may1 from time to time 7unmiraculously enough71 be quite overset and reversed8 ,such a minnow is ,man2 his ,creek this ,planet ,earth2 his ,ocean the immeasurable ,all2 his ,monsoons and periodic ,currents the mysterious ,course of ,providence through ,a,eons of ,a,eons4 ,we speak of the ,volume of ,nature3 and truly a ,volume it is1--whose ,author and ,writer is ,god4 ,to read it6 ,dost thou1 does man1 so much as well know the ,alphabet thereof8 ,with its ,words1 ,sentences1 and grand descriptive ,pages1 poetical and philosophical1 spread out through ,solar ,systems1 and ,thousands of ,years1 we shall not try thee4 ,it is a ,volume written in celestial hieroglyphs1 in the true ,sacred-writing2 of which even ,prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line4 ,as for your ,institutes1 and ,academies of ,science1 they strive bravely2 and1 from amid the thick-crowded1 inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic writing1 pick out1 by dexterous combination1 some ,letters in the vulgar ,character1 and therefrom put together this and the other economic ,recipe1 of high avail in ,practice4 ,that ,nature is more than some boundless ,volume of such ,recipes1 or huge1 well-nigh inexhaustible ,domestic-,cookery ,book1 of which the whole secret will in this manner one day evolve itself1 the fewest dream4 ,custom1 continues the ,professor1 doth make dotards of us all4 ,consider well1 thou wilt find that ,custom is the greatest of ,weavers2 and weaves air-raiment for all the ,spirits of the ,universe2 whereby indeed these dwell with us visibly1 as ministering servants1 in our houses and workshops2 but their spiritual nature becomes1 to the most1 forever hidden4 ,philosophy complains that ,custom has hoodwinked us1 from the first2 that we do everything by ,custom1 even ,believe by it2 that our very ,axioms1 let us boast of ,free-thinking as we may1 are oftenest simply such ,beliefs as we have never heard questioned4 ,nay1 what is ,philosophy throughout but a continual battle against ,custom2 an ever-renewed effort to transcend the sphere of blind ,custom1 and so become ,transcendental8 ,innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of ,custom3 but of all these1 perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the ,miraculous1 by simple repetition1 ceases to be ,miraculous4 ,true1 it is by this means we live2 for man must work as well as wonder3 and herein is ,custom so far a kind nurse1 guiding him to his true benefit4 ,but she is a fond foolish nurse1 or rather we are false foolish nurslings1 when1 in our resting and reflecting hours1 we prolong the same deception4 ,am ,i to view the ,stupendous with stupid indifference1 because ,i have seen it twice1 or two hundred1 or two million times8 ,there is no reason in ,nature or in ,art why ,i should3 unless1 indeed1 ,i am a mere ,work-,machine1 for whom the divine gift of ,thought were no other than the terrestrial gift of ,steam is to the ,steam-engine2 a power whereby cotton might be spun1 and money and money's worth realized4 ,notable enough too1 here as elsewhere1 wilt thou find the potency of ,names2 which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven1 wonder-hiding ,garments4 ,witchcraft1 and all manner of ,spectre-work1 and ,demonology1 we have now named ,madness1 and ,diseases of the ,nerves4 ,seldom reflecting that still the new question comes upon us3 ,what is ,madness1 what are ,nerves8 ,ever1 as before1 does ,madness remain a mysterious-terrific1 altogether infernal boiling-up of the ,nether ,chaotic ,deep1 through this fair-painted ,vision of ,creation1 which swims thereon1 which we name the ,real4 ,was ,luther's ,picture of the ,devil less a ,reality1 whether it were formed within the bodily eye1 or without it8 ,in every the wisest ,soul lies a whole world of internal ,madness1 an authentic ,demon-,empire2 out of which1 indeed1 his world of ,wisdom has been creatively built together1 and now rests there1 as on its dark foundations does a habitable flowery ,earth rind4 ,but deepest of all illusory ,appearances1 for hiding ,wonder1 as for many other ends1 are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping ,appearances1 ,,space and ,,time4 ,these1 as spun and woven for us from before ,birth itself1 to clothe our celestial ,,me for dwelling here1 and yet to blind it1--lie all-embracing1 as the universal canvas1 or warp and woof1 whereby all minor ,illusions1 in this ,phantasm ,existence1 weave and paint themselves4 ,in vain1 while here on ,earth1 shall you endeavor to strip them off2 you can1 at best1 but rend them asunder for moments1 and look through4 ,fortunatus had a wishing ,hat1 which when he put on1 and wished himself ,anywhere1 behold he was ,there4 ,by this means had ,fortunatus triumphed over ,space1 he had annihilated ,space2 for him there was no ,where1 but all was ,here4 ,were a ,hatter to establish himself1 in the ,wahngasse of ,weissnichtwo1 and make felts of this sort for all mankind1 what a world we should have of it6 ,still stranger1 should1 on the opposite side of the street1 another ,hatter establish himself2 and1 as his fellow-craftsman made ,space-annihilating ,hats1 make ,time-annihilating6 ,of both would ,i purchase1 were it with my last groschen2 but chiefly of this latter4 ,to clap on your felt1 and1 simply by wishing that you were ,anywhere1 straightway to be ,there6 ,next to clap on your other felt1 and1 simply by wishing that you were ,anywhen1 straightway to be ,then6 ,this were indeed the grander3 shooting at will from the ,fire-,creation of the ,world to its ,fire-,consummation2 here historically present in the ,first ,century1 conversing face to face with ,paul and ,seneca2 there prophetically in the ,thirty-first1 conversing also face to face with other ,pauls and ,senecas1 who as yet stand hidden in the depth of that late ,time6 ,or thinkest thou it were impossible1 unimaginable8 ,is the ,past annihilated1 then1 or only past2 is the ,future non-extant1 or only future8 ,those mystic faculties of thine1 ,memory and ,hope1 already answer3 already through those mystic avenues1 thou the ,earth-blinded summonest both ,past and ,future1 and communest with them1 though as yet darkly1 and with mute beckonings4 ,the curtains of ,yesterday drop down1 the curtains of ,to-morrow roll up2 but ,yesterday and ,to-morrow both are4 ,pierce through the ,time-element1 glance into the ,eternal4 ,believe what thou findest written in the sanctuaries of ,man's ,soul1 even as all ,thinkers1 in all ages1 have devoutly read it there3 that ,time and ,space are not ,god1 but creations of ,god2 that with ,god as it is a universal ,,here1 so is it an everlasting ,now4 ,and seest thou therein any glimpse of ,,immortality8--,o ,heaven6 ,is the white ,tomb of our ,loved ,one1 who died from our arms1 and had to be left behind us there1 which rises in the distance1 like a pale1 mournfully receding ,milestone1 to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have journeyed on alone1--but a pale spectral ,illusion6 ,is the lost ,friend still mysteriously ,here1 even as we are ,here mysteriously1 with ,god6--know of a truth that only the ,time-shadows have perished1 or are perishable2 that the real ,being of whatever was1 and whatever is1 and whatever will be1 is even now and forever4 ,this1 should it unhappily seem new1 thou mayest ponder at thy leisure2 for the next twenty years1 or the next twenty centuries3 believe it thou must2 understand it thou canst not4 ,that the ,thought-forms1 ,space and ,time1 wherein1 once for all1 we are sent into this ,earth to live1 should condition and determine our whole ,practical reasonings1 conceptions1 and imagings or imaginings1 seems altogether fit1 just1 and unavoidable4 ,but that they should1 furthermore1 usurp such sway over pure spiritual ,meditation1 and blind us to the wonder everywhere lying close on us1 seems nowise so4 ,admit ,space and ,time to their due rank as ,forms of ,thought2 nay even1 if thou wilt1 to their quite undue rank of ,realities3 and consider1 then1 with thyself how their thin disguises hide from us the brightest ,god-effulgences6 ,thus1 were it not miraculous1 could ,i stretch forth my hand and clutch the ,sun8 ,yet thou seest me daily stretch forth my hand and therewith clutch many a thing1 and swing it hither and thither4 ,art thou a grown baby1 then1 to fancy that the ,miracle lies in miles of distance1 or in pounds avoirdupois of weight2 and not to see that the true inexplicable ,god-revealing ,miracle lies in this1 that ,i can stretch forth my hand at all2 that ,i have free ,force to clutch aught therewith8 ,innumerable other of this sort are the deceptions1 and wonder-hiding stupefactions1 which ,space practices on us4 ,still worse is it with regard to ,time4 ,your grand anti-magician1 and universal wonder-hider1 is this same lying ,time4 ,had we but the ,time-annihilating ,hat1 to put on for once only1 we should see ourselves in a ,world of ,miracles1 wherein all fabled or authentic ,thaumaturgy1 and feats of ,magic1 were outdone4 ,but unhappily we have not such a ,hat2 and man1 poor fool that he is1 can seldom and scantily help himself without one4 ,were it not wonderful1 for instance1 had ,orpheus1 or ,amphion1 built the walls of ,thebes by the mere sound of his ,lyre8 ,yet tell me1 ,who built these walls of ,weissnichtwo2 summoning out all the sandstone rocks1 to dance along from the ,steinbruch 7now a huge ,troglodyte ,chasm1 with frightful green-mantled pools72 and shape themselves into ,doric and ,ionic pillars1 squared ashlar houses and noble streets8 ,was it not the still higher ,orpheus1 or ,orpheuses1 who1 in past centuries1 by the divine ,music of ,wisdom1 succeeded in civilizing ,man8 ,our highest ,orpheus walked in ,judea1 eighteen hundred years ago3 his sphere-melody1 flowing in wild native tones1 took captive the ravished souls of men2 and1 being of a truth sphere-melody1 still flows and sounds1 though now with thousand-fold accompaniments1 and rich symphonies1 through all our hearts2 and modulates1 and divinely leads them4 ,is that a wonder1 which happens in two hours2 and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in two million8 ,not only was ,thebes built by the music of an ,orpheus2 but without the music of some inspired ,orpheus was no city ever built1 no work that man glories in ever done4 ,sweep away the ,illusion of ,time2 glance1 if thou have eyes1 from the near moving-cause to its far distant ,mover3 ,the stroke that came transmitted through a whole galaxy of elastic balls1 was it less a stroke than if the last ball only had been struck1 and sent flying8 ,oh1 could ,i 7with the ,time-annihilating ,hat7 transport thee direct from the ,beginnings1 to the ,endings1 how were thy eyesight unsealed1 and thy heart set flaming in the ,light-sea of celestial wonder6 ,then sawest thou that this fair ,universe1 were it in the meanest province thereof1 is in very deed the star-domed ,city of ,god2 that through every star1 through every grass-blade1 and most through every ,living ,soul1 the glory of a present ,god still beams4 ,but ,nature1 which is the ,time-vesture of ,god1 and reveals ,him to the wise1 hides ,him from the foolish4 ,again1 could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic ,ghost8 ,the ,english ,johnson longed1 all his life1 to see one2 but could not1 though he went to ,cock ,lane1 and thence to the church-vaults1 and tapped on coffins4 ,foolish ,doctor6 ,did he never1 with the mind's eye as well as with the body's1 look round him into that full tide of human ,life he so loved2 did he never so much as look into ,himself8 ,the good ,doctor was a ,ghost1 as actual and authentic as heart could wish2 well-nigh a million of ,ghosts were travelling the streets by his side4 ,once more ,i say1 sweep away the illusion of ,time2 compress the threescore years into three minutes3 what else was he1 what else are we8 ,are we not ,spirits1 that are shaped into a body1 into an ,appearance2 and that fade away again into air and ,invisibility8 ,this is no metaphor1 it is a simple scientific fact3 we start out of ,nothingness1 take figure1 and are ,apparitions2 round us1 as round the veriest spectre1 is ,eternity2 and to ,eternity minutes are as years and aeons4 ,come there not tones of ,love and ,faith1 as from celestial harp-strings1 like the ,song of beatified ,souls8 ,and again1 do not we squeak and gibber 7in our discordant1 screech-owlish debatings and recriminatings72 and glide bodeful1 and feeble1 and fearful2 or uproar 7poltern71 and revel in our mad ,dance of the ,dead1--till the scent of the morning air summons us to our still ,home2 and dreamy ,night becomes awake and ,day8 ,where now is ,alexander of ,macedon3 does the steel ,host1 that yelled in fierce battle-shouts at ,issus and ,arbela1 remain behind him2 or have they all vanished utterly1 even as perturbed ,goblins must8 ,napoleon too1 and his ,moscow ,retreats and ,austerlitz ,campaigns6 ,was it all other than the veriest ,spectre-hunt2 which has now1 with its howling tumult that made ,night hideous1 flitted away8--,ghosts6 ,there are nigh a thousand million walking the ,earth openly at noontide2 some half-hundred have vanished from it1 some half-hundred have arisen in it1 ere thy watch ticks once4 ,o ,heaven1 it is mysterious1 it is awful to consider that we not only carry each a future ,ghost within him2 but are1 in very deed1 ,ghosts6 ,these ,limbs1 whence had we them2 this stormy ,force2 this life-blood with its burning ,passion8 ,they are dust and shadow2 a ,shadow-system gathered round our ,,me3 wherein1 through some moments or years1 the ,divine ,essence is to be revealed in the ,flesh4 ,that warrior on his strong war-horse1 fire flashes through his eyes2 force dwells in his arm and heart3 but warrior and war-horse are a vision2 a revealed ,force1 nothing more4 ,stately they tread the ,earth1 as if it were a firm substance3 fool6 the ,earth is but a film2 it cracks in twain1 and warrior and war-horse sink beyond plummet's sounding4 ,plummet's8 ,fantasy herself will not follow them4 ,a little while ago1 they were not2 a little while1 and they are not1 their very ashes are not4 ,so has it been from the beginning1 so will it be to the end4 ,generation after generation takes to itself the ,form of a ,body2 and forth issuing from ,cimmerian ,night1 on ,heaven's mission ,,appears4 ,what ,force and ,fire is in each he expends3 one grinding in the mill of ,industry2 one hunter-like climbing the giddy ,alpine heights of ,science2 one madly dashed in pieces on the rocks of ,strife1 in war with his fellow3--and then the ,heaven-sent is recalled2 his earthly ,vesture falls away1 and soon even to ,sense becomes a vanished ,shadow4 ,thus1 like some wild-flaming1 wild-thundering train of ,heaven's ,artillery1 does this mysterious ,,mankind thunder and flame1 in long-drawn1 quick-succeeding grandeur1 through the unknown ,deep4 ,thus1 like a ,god-created1 fire-breathing ,spirit-host1 we emerge from the ,inane2 haste stormfully across the astonished ,earth2 then plunge again into the ,inane4 ,earth's mountains are levelled1 and her seas filled up1 in our passage3 can the ,earth1 which is but dead and a vision1 resist ,spirits which have reality and are alive8 ,on the hardest adamant some footprint of us is stamped in2 the last ,rear of the host will read traces of the earliest ,van4 ,but whence8--,o ,heaven whither8 ,sense knows not2 ,faith knows not2 only that it is through ,mystery to ,mystery1 from ,god and to ,god4 ',we are such stuff ,as ,dreams are made of1 and our little ,life ,is rounded with a sleep6' ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,circumspective4 ,here1 then1 arises the so momentous question3 ,have many ,british ,readers actually arrived with us at the new promised country2 is the ,philosophy of ,clothes now at last opening around them8 ,long and adventurous has the journey been3 from those outmost vulgar1 palpable ,woollen ,hulls of ,man2 through his wondrous ,flesh-,garments1 and his wondrous ,social ,garnitures2 inwards to the ,garments of his very ,soul's ,soul1 to ,time and ,space themselves6 ,and now does the spiritual1 eternal ,essence of ,man1 and of ,mankind1 bared of such wrappages1 begin in any measure to reveal itself8 ,can many readers discern1 as through a glass darkly1 in huge wavering outlines1 some primeval rudiments of ,man's ,being1 what is changeable divided from what is unchangeable8 ,does that ,earth-,spirit's speech in ,faust1-- ',tis thus at the roaring ,loom of ,time ,i ply1 ,and weave for ,god the ,garment thou seest ,him by2 or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the ,magician1 ,shakespeare1-- ,and like the baseless fabric of this vision1 ,the cloud-capt ,towers1 the gorgeous ,palaces1 ,the solemn ,temples1 the great ,globe itself1 ,and all which it inherit1 shall dissolve2 ,and like this unsubstantial pageant faded1 ,leave not a wrack behind2 begin to have some meaning for us8 ,in a word1 do we at length stand safe in the far region of ,poetic ,creation and ,palingenesia1 where that ,phoenix ,death-,birth of ,human ,society1 and of all ,human ,things1 appears possible1 is seen to be inevitable8 ,along this most insufficient1 unheard-of ,bridge1 which the ,editor1 by ,heaven's blessing1 has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not complete1 it cannot be his sober calculation1 but only his fond hope1 that many have travelled without accident4 ,no firm arch1 overspanning the ,impassable with paved highway1 could the ,editor construct2 only1 as was said1 some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon4 ,alas1 and the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck character2 the darkness1 the nature of the element1 all was against us6 ,nevertheless1 may not here and there one of a thousand1 provided with a discursiveness of intellect rare in our day1 have cleared the passage1 in spite of all8 ,happy few6 little band of ,friends6 be welcome1 be of courage4 ,by degrees1 the eye grows accustomed to its new ,whereabout2 the hand can stretch itself forth to work there3 it is in this grand and indeed highest work of ,palingenesia that ye shall labor1 each according to ability4 ,new laborers will arrive2 new ,bridges will be built2 nay1 may not our own poor rope-and-raft ,bridge1 in your passings and repassings1 be mended in many a point1 till it grow quite firm1 passable even for the halt8 ,meanwhile1 of the innumerable multitude that started with us1 joyous and full of hope1 where now is the innumerable remainder1 whom we see no longer by our side8 ,the most have recoiled1 and stand gazing afar off1 in unsympathetic astonishment1 at our career3 not a few1 pressing forward with more courage1 have missed footing1 or leaped short2 and now swim weltering in the ,chaos-flood1 some towards this shore1 some towards that4 ,to these also a helping hand should be held out2 at least some word of encouragement be said4 ,or1 to speak without metaphor1 with which mode of utterance ,teufelsdrockh unhappily has somewhat infected us1--can it be hidden from the ,editor that many a ,british ,reader sits reading quite bewildered in head1 and afflicted rather than instructed by the present ,work8 ,yes1 long ago has many a ,british ,reader been1 as now1 demanding with something like a snarl3 ,whereto does all this lead2 or what use is in it8 ,in the way of replenishing thy purse1 or otherwise aiding thy digestive faculty1 ,o ,british ,reader1 it leads to nothing1 and there is no use in it2 but rather the reverse1 for it costs thee somewhat4 ,nevertheless1 if through this unpromising ,horn-gate1 ,teufelsdrockh1 and we by means of him1 have led thee into the true ,land of ,dreams2 and through the ,clothes-,screen1 as through a magical ,pierre-,pertuis1 thou lookest1 even for moments1 into the region of the ,wonderful1 and seest and feelest that thy daily life is girt with ,wonder1 and based on ,wonder1 and thy very blankets and breeches are ,miracles1--then art thou profited beyond money's worth2 and hast a thankfulness towards our ,professor2 nay1 perhaps in many a literary ,tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips1 and audibly express that same4 ,nay farther1 art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all ,symbols are properly ,clothes2 that all ,forms whereby ,spirit manifests itself to sense1 whether outwardly or in the imagination1 are ,clothes2 and thus not only the parchment ,magna ,charta1 which a ,tailor was nigh cutting into measures1 but the ,pomp and ,authority of ,law1 the sacredness of ,majesty1 and all inferior ,worships 7,worth-ships7 are properly a ,vesture and ,raiment2 and the ,thirty-nine ,articles themselves are articles of wearing-apparel 7for the ,religious ,idea78 ,in which case1 must it not also be admitted that this ,science of ,clothes is a high one1 and may with infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit3 that it takes scientific rank beside ,codification1 and ,political ,economy1 and the ,theory of the ,british ,constitution2 nay rather1 from its prophetic height looks down on all these1 as on so many weaving-shops and spinning-mills1 where the ,vestures which it has to fashion1 and consecrate1 and distribute1 are1 too often by haggard hungry operatives who see no farther than their nose1 mechanically woven and spun8 ,but omitting all this1 much more all that concerns ,natural ,supernaturalism1 and indeed whatever has reference to the ,ulterior or ,transcendental portion of the ,science1 or bears never so remotely on that promised ,volume of the ,palingenesie der menschlichen ,gesellschaft 7,newbirth of ,society71--we humbly suggest that no province of ,clothes-,philosophy1 even the lowest1 is without its direct value1 but that innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn therefrom4 ,to say nothing of those pregnant considerations1 ethical1 political1 symbolical1 which crowd on the ,clothes-,philosopher from the very threshold of his ,science2 nothing even of those architectural ideas1 which1 as we have seen1 lurk at the bottom of all ,modes1 and will one day1 better unfolding themselves1 lead to important revolutions1--let us glance for a moment1 and with the faintest light of ,clothes-,philosophy1 on what may be called the ,habilatory ,class of our fellow-men4 ,here too overlooking1 where so much were to be looked on1 the million spinners1 weavers1 fullers1 dyers1 washers1 and wringers1 that puddle and muddle in their dark recesses1 to make us ,clothes1 and die that we may live1--let us but turn the reader's attention upon two small divisions of mankind1 who1 like moths1 may be regarded as ,cloth-animals1 creatures that live1 move and have their being in ,cloth3 we mean1 ,dandies and ,tailors4 ,in regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without scruple1 that the public feeling1 unenlightened by ,philosophy1 is at fault2 and even that the dictates of humanity are violated4 ,as will perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following ,chapters4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,dandiacal ,,body4 ,first1 touching ,dandies1 let us consider1 with some scientific strictness1 what a ,dandy specially is4 ,a ,dandy is a ,clothes-wearing ,man1 a ,man whose trade1 office and existence consists in the wearing of ,clothes4 ,every faculty of his soul1 spirit1 purse and person is heroically consecrated to this one object1 the wearing of ,clothes wisely and well3 so that as others dress to live1 he lives to dress4 ,the all-importance of ,clothes1 which a ,german ,professor1 of unequalled learning and acumen1 writes his enormous ,volume to demonstrate1 has sprung up in the intellect of the ,dandy without effort1 like an instinct of genius2 he is inspired with ,cloth1 a ,poet of ,cloth4 ,what ,teufelsdrockh would call a ,divine ,idea of ,cloth is born with him2 and this1 like other such ,ideas1 will express itself outwardly1 or wring his heart asunder with unutterable throes4 ,but1 like a generous1 creative enthusiast1 he fearlessly makes his ,idea an ,action2 shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind2 walks forth1 a witness and living ,martyr to the eternal worth of ,clothes4 ,we called him a ,poet3 is not his body the 7stuffed7 parchment-skin whereon he writes1 with cunning ,huddersfield dyes1 a ,sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow8 ,say1 rather1 an ,epos1 and ,clotha ,virumque cano1 to the whole world1 in ,macaronic verses1 which he that runs may read4 ,nay1 if you grant1 what seems to be admissible1 that the ,dandy has a ,thinking-principle in him1 and some notions of ,time and ,space1 is there not in this life-devotedness to ,cloth1 in this so willing sacrifice of the ,immortal to the ,perishable1 something 7though in reverse order7 of that blending and identification of ,eternity with ,time1 which1 as we have seen1 constitutes the ,prophetic character8 ,and now1 for all this perennial ,martyrdom1 and ,poesy1 and even ,prophecy1 what is it that the ,dandy asks in return8 ,solely1 we may say1 that you would recognize his existence2 would admit him to be a living object2 or even failing this1 a visual object1 or thing that will reflect rays of light4 ,your silver or your gold 7beyond what the niggardly ,law has already secured him7 he solicits not2 simply the glance of your eyes4 ,understand his mystic significance1 or altogether miss and misinterpret it2 do but look at him1 and he is contented4 ,may we not well cry shame on an ungrateful world1 which refuses even this poor boon2 which will waste its optic faculty on dried ,crocodiles1 and ,siamese ,twins2 and over the domestic wonderful wonder of wonders1 a live ,dandy1 glance with hasty indifference1 and a scarcely concealed contempt6 ,him no ,zoologist classes among the ,mammalia1 no ,anatomist dissects with care3 when did we see any injected ,preparation of the ,dandy in our ,museums2 any specimen of him preserved in spirits6 ,lord ,herringbone may dress himself in a snuff-brown suit1 with snuff-brown shirt and shoes3 it skills not2 the undiscerning public1 occupied with grosser wants1 passes by regardless on the other side4 ,the age of ,curiosity1 like that of ,chivalry1 is indeed1 properly speaking1 gone4 ,yet perhaps only gone to sleep3 for here arises the ,clothes-,philosophy to resuscitate1 strangely enough1 both the one and the other6 ,should sound views of this ,science come to prevail1 the essential nature of the ,british ,dandy1 and the mystic significance that lies in him1 cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable hallucination4 ,the following long ,extract from ,professor ,teufelsdrockh may set the matter1 if not in its true light1 yet in the way towards such4 ,it is to be regretted1 however1 that here1 as so often elsewhere1 the ,professor's keen philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a certain mixture of almost owlish purblindness1 or else of some perverse1 ineffectual1 ironic tendency2 our readers shall judge which3-- ,in these distracted times1 writes he1 when the ,religious ,principle1 driven out of most ,churches1 either lies unseen in the hearts of good men1 looking and longing and silently working there towards some new ,revelation2 or else wanders homeless over the world1 like a disembodied soul seeking its terrestrial organization1--into how many strange shapes1 of ,superstition and ,fanaticism1 does it not tentatively and errantly cast itself6 ,the higher ,enthusiasm of man's nature is for the while without ,exponent2 yet does it continue indestructible1 unweariedly active1 and work blindly in the great chaotic deep3 thus ,sect after ,sect1 and ,church after ,church1 bodies itself forth1 and melts again into new metamorphosis4 ,chiefly is this observable in ,england1 which1 as the wealthiest and worst-instructed of ,european nations1 offers precisely the elements 7of ,heat1 namely1 and of ,darkness71 in which such moon-calves and monstrosities are best generated4 ,among the newer ,sects of that country1 one of the most notable1 and closely connected with our present subject1 is that of the ,dandies2 concerning which1 what little information ,i have been able to procure may fitly stand here4 ,it is true1 certain of the ,english ,journalists1 men generally without sense for the ,religious ,principle1 or judgment for its manifestations1 speak1 in their brief enigmatic notices1 as if this were perhaps rather a ,secular ,sect1 and not a ,religious one2 nevertheless1 to the psychologic eye its devotional and even sacrificial character plainly enough reveals itself4 ,whether it belongs to the class of ,fetish-worships1 or of ,hero-worships or ,polytheisms1 or to what other class1 may in the present state of our intelligence remain undecided 7schweben74 ,a certain touch of ,manicheism1 not indeed in the ,gnostic shape1 is discernible enough2 also 7for human ,error walks in a cycle1 and reappears at intervals7 a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that ,superstition of the ,athos ,monks1 who by fasting from all nourishment1 and looking intensely for a length of time into their own navels1 came to discern therein the true ,apocalypse of ,nature1 and ,heaven ,unveiled4 ,to my own surmise1 it appears as if this ,dandiacal ,sect were but a new modification1 adapted to the new time1 of that primeval ,superstition1 ,self-worship2 which ,zerdusht1 ,quangfoutchee1 ,mahomet1 and others1 strove rather to subordinate and restrain than to eradicate2 and which only in the purer forms of ,religion has been altogether rejected4 ,wherefore1 if any one chooses to name it revived ,ahrimanism1 or a new figure of ,demon-,worship1 ,i have1 so far as is yet visible1 no objection4 ,for the rest1 these people1 animated with the zeal of a new ,sect1 display courage and perseverance1 and what force there is in man's nature1 though never so enslaved4 ,they affect great purity and separatism2 distinguish themselves by a particular costume 7whereof some notices were given in the earlier part of this ,volume72 likewise1 so far as possible1 by a particular speech 7apparently some broken ,lingua-franca1 or ,english-,french72 and1 on the whole1 strive to maintain a true ,nazarene deportment1 and keep themselves unspotted from the world4 ,they have their ,temples1 whereof the chief1 as the ,jewish ,temple did1 stands in their metropolis2 and is named ,almack's1 a word of uncertain etymology4 ,they worship principally by night2 and have their ,high-priests and ,high-priestesses1 who1 however1 do not continue for life4 ,the rites1 by some supposed to be of the ,menadic sort1 or perhaps with an ,eleusinian or ,cabiric character1 are held strictly secret4 ,nor are ,sacred ,books wanting to the ,sect2 these they call ,fashionable ,novels3 however1 the ,canon is not completed1 and some are canonical and others not4 ,of such ,sacred ,books ,i1 not without expense1 procured myself some samples2 and in hope of true insight1 and with the zeal which beseems an ,inquirer into ,clothes1 set to interpret and study them4 ,but wholly to no purpose3 that tough faculty of reading1 for which the world will not refuse me credit1 was here for the first time foiled and set at naught4 ,in vain that ,i summoned my whole energies 7mich weidlich anstrengte71 and did my very utmost2 at the end of some short space1 ,i was uniformly seized with not so much what ,i can call a drumming in my ears1 as a kind of infinite1 unsufferable1 ,jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there2 to which the frightfullest species of ,magnetic ,sleep soon supervened4 ,and if ,i strove to shake this away1 and absolutely would not yield1 there came a hitherto unfelt sensation1 as of ,delirium ,tremens1 and a melting into total deliquium3 till at last1 by order of the ,doctor1 dreading ruin to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties1 and a general breaking up of the constitution1 ,i reluctantly but determinedly forbore4 ,was there some miracle at work here2 like those ,fire-balls1 and supernal and infernal prodigies1 which1 in the case of the ,jewish ,mysteries1 have also more than once scared back the ,alien8 ,be this as it may1 such failure on my part1 after best efforts1 must excuse the imperfection of this sketch2 altogether incomplete1 yet the completest ,i could give of a ,sect too singular to be omitted4 ,loving my own life and senses as ,i do1 no power shall induce me1 as a private individual1 to open another ,fashionable ,novel4 ,but luckily1 in this dilemma1 comes a hand from the clouds2 whereby if not victory1 deliverance is held out to me4 ,round one of those ,book-packages1 which the ,stillschweigen'sche ,buchhandlung is in the habit of importing from ,england1 come1 as is usual1 various waste printed-sheets 7,maculatur-blatter71 by way of interior wrappage3 into these the ,clothes-,philosopher1 with a certain ,mahometan reverence even for waste-paper1 where curious knowledge will sometimes hover1 disdains not to cast his eye4 ,readers may judge of his astonishment when on such a defaced stray-sheet1 probably the outcast fraction of some ,english ,periodical1 such as they name ,magazine1 appears something like a ,dissertation on this very subject of ,fashionable ,novels6 ,it sets out1 indeed1 chiefly from a ,secular point of view2 directing itself1 not without asperity1 against some to me unknown individual named ,pelham1 who seems to be a ,mystagogue1 and leading ,teacher and ,preacher of the ,sect2 so that1 what indeed otherwise was not to be expected in such a fugitive fragmentary sheet1 the true secret1 the ,religious physiognomy and physiology of the ,dandiacal ,body1 is nowise laid fully open there4 ,nevertheless1 scattered lights do from time to time sparkle out1 whereby ,i have endeavored to profit4 ,nay1 in one passage selected from the ,prophecies1 or ,mythic ,theogonies1 or whatever they are 7for the style seems very mixed7 of this ,mystagogue1 ,i find what appears to be a ,confession of ,faith1 or ,whole ,duty of ,man1 according to the tenets of that ,sect4 ,which ,confession or ,whole ,duty1 therefore1 as proceeding from a source so authentic1 ,i shall here arrange under ,seven distinct ,articles1 and in very abridged shape lay before the ,german world2 therewith taking leave of this matter4 ,observe also1 that to avoid possibility of error1 ,i1 as far as may be1 quote literally from the ,original3-- ,,articles ,,of ,,faith4 '#a4 ,coats should have nothing of the triangle about them2 at the same time1 wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided4 '#b4 ,the collar is a very important point3 it should be low behind1 and slightly rolled4 '#c4 ,no license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the posterial luxuriance of a ,hottentot4 '#d4 ,there is safety in a swallow-tail4 '#e4 ,the good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than in his rings4 '#f4 ,it is permitted to mankind1 under certain restrictions1 to wear white waistcoats4 '#g4 ,the trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips4' ,all which ,propositions ,i1 for the present1 content myself with modestly but peremptorily and irrevocably denying4 ,in strange contrast with this ,dandiacal ,body stands another ,british ,sect1 originally1 as ,i understand1 of ,ireland1 where its chief seat still is2 but known also in the main ,island1 and indeed everywhere rapidly spreading4 ,as this ,sect has hitherto emitted no ,canonical ,books1 it remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the ,dandiacal1 which has published ,books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate to read4 ,the members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity of names1 according to their various places of establishment3 in ,england they are generally called the ,drudge ,sect2 also1 unphilosophically enough1 the ,white ,negroes2 and1 chiefly in scorn by those of other communions1 the ,ragged-,beggar ,sect4 ,in ,scotland1 again1 ,i find them entitled ,hallanshakers1 or the ,stook of ,duds ,sect2 any individual communicant is named ,stook of ,duds 7that is1 ,shock of ,rags71 in allusion1 doubtless1 to their professional ,costume4 ,while in ,ireland1 which1 as mentioned1 is their grand parent hive1 they go by a perplexing multiplicity of designations1 such as ,bogtrotters1 ,redshanks1 ,ribbonmen1 ,cottiers1 ,peep-of-,day ,boys1 ,babes of the ,wood1 ,rockites1 ,poor-,slaves3 which last1 however1 seems to be the primary and generic name2 whereto1 probably enough1 the others are only subsidiary species1 or slight varieties2 or1 at most1 propagated offsets from the parent stem1 whose minute subdivisions1 and shades of difference1 it were here loss of time to dwell on4 ,enough for us to understand1 what seems indubitable1 that the original ,sect is that of the ,poor-,slaves2 whose doctrines1 practices1 and fundamental characteristics pervade and animate the whole ,body1 howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified4 ,the precise speculative tenets of this ,brotherhood3 how the ,universe1 and ,man1 and ,man's ,life1 picture themselves to the mind of an ,irish ,poor-,slave2 with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the ,future1 round on the ,present1 back on the ,past1 it were extremely difficult to specify4 ,something ,monastic there appears to be in their ,constitution3 we find them bound by the two ,monastic ,vows1 of ,poverty and ,obedience2 which vows1 especially the former1 it is said1 they observe with great strictness2 nay1 as ,i have understood it1 they are pledged1 and be it by any solemn ,nazarene ordination or not1 irrevocably consecrated thereto1 even before birth4 ,that the third ,monastic ,vow1 of ,chastity1 is rigidly enforced among them1 ,i find no ground to conjecture4 ,furthermore1 they appear to imitate the ,dandiacal ,sect in their grand principle of wearing a peculiar ,costume4 ,of which ,irish ,poor-,slave ,costume no description will indeed be found in the present ,volume2 for this reason1 that by the imperfect organ of ,language it did not seem describable4 ,their raiment consists of innumerable skirts1 lappets and irregular wings1 of all cloths and of all colors2 through the labyrinthic intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some unknown process4 ,it is fastened together by a multiplex combination of buttons1 thrums and skewers2 to which frequently is added a girdle of leather1 of hempen or even of straw rope1 round the loins4 ,to straw rope1 indeed1 they seem partial1 and often wear it by way of sandals4 ,in head-dress they affect a certain freedom3 hats with partial brim1 without crown1 or with only a loose1 hinged1 or valve crown2 in the former case1 they sometimes invert the hat1 and wear it brim uppermost1 like a university-cap1 with what view is unknown4 ,the name ,poor-,slaves seems to indicate a ,slavonic1 ,polish1 or ,russian origin3 not so1 however1 the interior essence and spirit of their ,superstition1 which rather displays a ,teutonic or ,druidical character4 ,one might fancy them worshippers of ,hertha1 or the ,earth3 for they dig and affectionately work continually in her bosom2 or else1 shut up in private ,oratories1 meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her2 seldom looking up towards the ,heavenly ,luminaries1 and then with comparative indifference4 ,like the ,druids1 on the other hand1 they live in dark dwellings2 often even breaking their glass windows1 where they find such1 and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment1 or other opaque substances1 till the fit obscurity is restored4 ,again1 like all followers of ,nature-,worship1 they are liable to out-breakings of an enthusiasm rising to ferocity2 and burn men1 if not in wicker idols1 yet in sod cottages4 ,in respect of diet1 they have also their observances4 ,all ,poor-,slaves are ,rhizophagous 7or ,root-eaters72 a few are ,ichthyophagous1 and use ,salted ,herrings3 other animal food they abstain from2 except indeed1 with perhaps some strange inverted fragment of a ,brahminical feeling1 such animals as die a natural death4 ,their universal sustenance is the root named ,potato1 cooked by fire alone2 and generally without condiment or relish of any kind1 save an unknown condiment named ,point1 into the meaning of which ,i have vainly inquired2 the victual ,potatoes-and-,point not appearing1 at least not with specific accuracy of description1 in any ,european ,cookery-,book whatever4 ,for drink1 they use1 with an almost epigrammatic counterpoise of taste1 ,milk1 which is the mildest of liquors1 and ,potheen1 which is the fiercest4 ,this latter ,i have tasted1 as well as the ,english ,blue-,ruin1 and the ,scotch ,whiskey1 analogous fluids used by the ,sect in those countries3 it evidently contains some form of alcohol1 in the highest state of concentration1 though disguised with acrid oils2 and is1 on the whole1 the most pungent substance known to me1--indeed1 a perfect liquid fire4 ,in all their ,religious ,solemnities1 ,potheen is said to be an indispensable requisite1 and largely consumed4 ,an ,irish ,traveller1 of perhaps common veracity1 who presents himself under the to me unmeaning title of ,the late ,john ,bernard1 offers the following sketch of a domestic establishment1 the inmates whereof1 though such is not stated expressly1 appear to have been of that ,faith4 ,thereby shall my ,german readers now behold an ,irish ,poor-,slave1 as it were with their own eyes2 and even see him at meat4 ,moreover1 in the so precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned1 ,i have found some corresponding picture of a ,dandiacal ,household1 painted by that same ,dandiacal ,mystagogue1 or ,theogonist3 this also1 by way of counterpart and contrast1 the world shall look into4 ,first1 therefore1 of the ,poor-,slave1 who appears likewise to have been a species of ,innkeeper4 ,i quote from the original3 ,,poor-,,slave ,,household4 ',the furniture of this ,caravansera consisted of a large iron ,pot1 two oaken ,tables1 two ,benches1 two ,chairs1 and a ,potheen ,noggin4 ,there was a ,loft above 7attainable by a ladder71 upon which the inmates slept2 and the space below was divided by a hurdle into two ,apartments2 the one for their cow and pig1 the other for themselves and guests4 ,on entering the house we discovered the family1 eleven in number1 at dinner3 the father sitting at the top1 the mother at the bottom1 the children on each side1 of a large oaken ,board1 which was scooped out in the middle1 like a trough1 to receive the contents of their ,pot of ,potatoes4 ,little holes were cut at equal distances to contain ,salt2 and a bowl of ,milk stood on the table3 all the luxuries of meat and beer1 bread1 knives and dishes were dispensed with4' ,the ,poor-,slave himself our ,traveller found1 as he says1 broad-backed1 black-browed1 of great personal strength1 and mouth from ear to ear4 ,his ,wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman2 and his young ones1 bare and chubby1 had the appetite of ravens4 ,of their ,philosophical or ,religious tenets or observances1 no notice or hint4 ,but now1 secondly1 of the ,dandiacal ,household2 in which1 truly1 that often-mentioned ,mystagogue and inspired ,penman himself has his abode3-- ,,dandiacal ,,household4 ',a ,dressing-room splendidly furnished2 violet-colored curtains1 chairs and ottomans of the same hue4 ,two full-length ,mirrors are placed1 one on each side of a table1 which supports the luxuries of the ,toilet4 ,several ,bottles of ,perfumes1 arranged in a peculiar fashion1 stand upon a smaller table of mother-of-pearl3 opposite to these are placed the appurtenances of ,lavation richly wrought in frosted silver4 ,a ,wardrobe of ,buhl is on the left2 the doors of which1 being partly open1 discover a profusion of ,clothes2 ,shoes of a singularly small size monopolize the lower shelves4 ,fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight glimpse of a ,bath-room4 ,folding-doors in the background4--,enter the ,author1' our ,theogonist in person1 'obsequiously preceded by a ,french ,valet1 in white silk ,jacket and cambric ,apron4' ,such are the two ,sects which1 at this moment1 divide the more unsettled portion of the ,british ,people2 and agitate that ever-vexed country4 ,to the eye of the political ,seer1 their mutual relation1 pregnant with the elements of discord and hostility1 is far from consoling4 ,these two principles of ,dandiacal ,self-worship or ,demon-worship1 and ,poor-,slavish or ,drudgical ,earth-worship1 or whatever that same ,drudgism may be1 do as yet indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable shapes3 nevertheless1 in their roots and subterranean ramifications1 they extend through the entire structure of ,society1 and work unweariedly in the secret depths of ,english national ,existence2 striving to separate and isolate it into two contradictory1 uncommunicating masses4 ,in numbers1 and even individual strength1 the ,poor-,slaves or ,drudges1 it would seem1 are hourly increasing4 ,the ,dandiacal1 again1 is by nature no proselytizing ,sect2 but it boasts of great hereditary resources1 and is strong by union2 whereas the ,drudges1 split into parties1 have as yet no rallying-point2 or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret affiliations4 ,if1 indeed1 there were to arise a ,communion of ,drudges1 as there is already a ,communion of ,saints1 what strangest effects would follow therefrom6 ,dandyism as yet affects to look down on ,drudgism3 but perhaps the hour of trial1 when it will be practically seen which ought to look down1 and which up1 is not so distant4 ,to me it seems probable that the two ,sects will one day part ,england between them2 each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks1 till there be none left to enlist on either side4 ,those ,dandiacal ,manicheans1 with the host of ,dandyizing ,christians1 will form one body3 the ,drudges1 gathering round them whosoever is ,drudgical1 be he ,christian or ,infidel ,pagan2 sweeping up likewise all manner of ,utilitarians1 ,radicals1 refractory ,pot-wallopers1 and so forth1 into their general mass1 will form another4 ,i could liken ,dandyism and ,drudgism to two bottomless boiling ,whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm land3 as yet they appear only disquieted1 foolishly bubbling wells1 which man's art might cover in2 yet mark them1 their diameter is daily widening3 they are hollow ,cones that boil up from the infinite ,deep1 over which your firm land is but a thin crust or rind6 ,thus daily is the intermediate land crumbling in1 daily the empire of the two ,buchan-,bullers extending2 till now there is but a foot-plank1 a mere film of ,land between them2 this too is washed away3 and then--we have the true ,hell of ,waters1 and ,noah's ,deluge is out-deluged6 ,or better1 ,i might call them two boundless1 and indeed unexampled ,electric ,machines 7turned by the ',machinery of ,society'71 with batteries of opposite quality2 ,drudgism the ,negative1 ,dandyism the ,positive2 one attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the ,positive ,electricity of the nation 7namely1 the ,money thereof72 the other is equally busy with the ,negative 7that is to say the ,hunger71 which is equally potent4 ,hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters3 but wait a little1 till the entire nation is in an electric state3 till your whole vital ,electricity1 no longer healthfully ,neutral1 is cut into two isolated portions of ,positive and ,negative 7of ,money and of ,hunger72 and stands there bottled up in two ,world-,batteries6 ,the stirring of a child's finger brings the two together2 and then--,what then8 ,the ,earth is but shivered into impalpable smoke by that ,doom's thunder-peal2 the ,sun misses one of his ,planets in ,space1 and thenceforth there are no eclipses of the ,moon4--,or better still1 ,i might liken-- ,oh1 enough1 enough of likenings and similitudes2 in excess of which1 truly1 it is hard to say whether ,teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the more4 ,we have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining2 from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to ,mysticism and ,religiosity1 whereby in everything he was still scenting out ,religion3 but never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort his otherwise most piercing vision1 as in this of the ,dandiacal ,body6 ,or was there something of intended satire2 is the ,professor and ,seer not quite the blinkard he affects to be8 ,of an ordinary mortal we should have decisively answered in the affirmative2 but with a ,teufelsdrockh there ever hovers some shade of doubt4 ,in the mean while1 if satire were actually intended1 the case is little better4 ,there are not wanting men who will answer3 ,does your ,professor take us for simpletons8 ,his irony has overshot itself2 we see through it1 and perhaps through him4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,tailors4 ,thus1 however1 has our first ,practical ,inference from the ,clothes-,philosophy1 that which respects ,dandies1 been sufficiently drawn2 and we come now to the second1 concerning ,tailors4 ,on this latter our opinion happily quite coincides with that of ,teufelsdrockh himself1 as expressed in the concluding page of his ,volume1 to whom1 therefore1 we willingly give place4 ,let him speak his own last words1 in his own way3-- ,upwards of a century1 says he1 must elapse1 and still the bleeding fight of ,freedom be fought1 whoso is noblest perishing in the van1 and thrones be hurled on altars like ,pelion on ,ossa1 and the ,moloch of ,iniquity have his victims1 and the ,michael of ,justice his martyrs1 before ,tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood1 and this last wound of suffering ,humanity be closed4 ,if aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us1 here might we indeed pause and wonder4 ,an idea has gone abroad1 and fixed itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error1 that ,tailors are a distinct species in ,physiology1 not ,men1 but fractional ,parts of a ,man4 ,call any one a ,schneider 7,cutter1 ,tailor71 is it not1 in our dislocated1 hoodwinked1 and indeed delirious condition of ,society1 equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity8 ,the epithet schneidermassig 7tailor-like7 betokens an otherwise unapproachable degree of pusillanimity2 we introduce a ,tailor's-,melancholy1 more opprobrious than any ,leprosy1 into our ,books of ,medicine2 and fable ,i know not what of his generating it by living on ,cabbage4 ,why should ,i speak of ,hans ,sachs 7himself a ,shoemaker1 or kind of ,leather-,tailor71 with his ,schneider mit dem ,panier8 ,why of ,shakspeare1 in his ,taming of the ,shrew1 and elsewhere8 ,does it not stand on record that the ,english ,queen ,elizabeth1 receiving a deputation of ,eighteen ,tailors1 addressed them with a ',good morning1 gentlemen both6' ,did not the same virago boast that she had a ,cavalry ,regiment1 whereof neither horse nor man could be injured2 her ,regiment1 namely1 of ,tailors on ,mares8 ,thus everywhere is the falsehood taken for granted1 and acted on as an indisputable fact4 ,nevertheless1 need ,i put the question to any ,physiologist1 whether it is disputable or not8 ,seems it not at least presumable1 that1 under his ,clothes1 the ,tailor has bones and viscera1 and other muscles than the sartorius8 ,which function of manhood is the ,tailor not conjectured to perform8 ,can he not arrest for debt8 ,is he not in most countries a taxpaying animal8 ,to no reader of this ,volume can it be doubtful which conviction is mine4 ,nay if the fruit of these long vigils1 and almost preternatural ,inquiries1 is not to perish utterly1 the world will have approximated towards a higher ,truth2 and the doctrine1 which ,swift1 with the keen forecast of genius1 dimly anticipated1 will stand revealed in clear light3 that the ,tailor is not only a ,man1 but something of a ,creator or ,divinity4 ,of ,franklin it was said1 that 'he snatched the ,thunder from ,heaven and the ,sceptre from ,kings3' but which is greater1 ,i would ask1 he that lends1 or he that snatches8 ,for1 looking away from individual cases1 and how a ,man is by the ,tailor new-created into a ,nobleman1 and clothed not only with ,wool but with ,dignity and a ,mystic ,dominion1--is not the fair fabric of ,society itself1 with all its royal mantles and pontifical stoles1 whereby1 from nakedness and dismemberment1 we are organized into ,polities1 into nations1 and a whole co-operating ,mankind1 the creation1 as has here been often irrefragably evinced1 of the ,tailor alone8--,what too are all ,poets and moral ,teachers1 but a species of ,metaphorical ,tailors8 ,touching which high ,guild the greatest living ,guild-brother has triumphantly asked us3 ',nay if thou wilt have it1 who but the ,poet first made ,gods for men2 brought them down to us2 and raised us up to them8' ,and this is he1 whom sitting downcast1 on the hard basis of his ,shopboard1 the world treats with contumely1 as the ninth part of a man6 ,look up1 thou much-injured one1 look up with the kindling eye of hope1 and prophetic bodings of a noble better time4 ,too long hast thou sat there1 on crossed legs1 wearing thy ankle-joints to horn2 like some sacred ,anchorite1 or ,catholic ,fakir1 doing penance1 drawing down ,heaven's richest blessings1 for a world that scoffed at thee4 ,be of hope6 ,already streaks of blue peer through our clouds2 the thick gloom of ,ignorance is rolling asunder1 and it will be ,day4 ,mankind will repay with interest their long-accumulated debt3 the ,anchorite that was scoffed at will be worshipped2 the ,fraction will become not an ,integer only1 but a ,square and ,cube4 ,with astonishment the world will recognize that the ,tailor is its ,hierophant and ,hierarch1 or even its ,god4 ,as ,i stood in the ,mosque of ,st4 ,sophia1 and looked upon these ,four-and-,twenty ,tailors1 sewing and embroidering that rich ,cloth1 which the ,sultan sends yearly for the ,caaba of ,mecca1 ,i thought within myself3 ,how many other ,unholies has your covering ,art made holy1 besides this ,arabian ,whinstone6 ,still more touching was it when1 turning the corner of a lane1 in the ,scottish ,town of ,edinburgh1 ,i came upon a ,signpost1 whereon stood written that such and such a one was ',breeches-,maker to his ,majesty2' and stood painted the ,effigies of a ,pair of ,leather ,breeches1 and between the knees these memorable words1 ,,sic ,,itur ,,ad ,,astra4 ,was not this the martyr prison-speech of a ,tailor sighing indeed in bonds1 yet sighing towards deliverance1 and prophetically appealing to a better day8 ,a day of justice1 when the worth of ,breeches would be revealed to man1 and the ,scissors become forever venerable4 ,neither1 perhaps1 may ,i now say1 has his appeal been altogether in vain4 ,it was in this high moment1 when the soul1 rent1 as it were1 and shed asunder1 is open to inspiring influence1 that ,i first conceived this ,work on ,clothes3 the greatest ,i can ever hope to do2 which has already1 after long retardations1 occupied1 and will yet occupy1 so large a section of my ,life2 and of which the ,primary and simpler ,portion may here find its conclusion4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,farewell4 ,so have we endeavored1 from the enormous1 amorphous ,plum-pudding1 more like a ,scottish ,haggis1 which ,herr ,teufelsdrockh had kneaded for his fellow-mortals1 to pick out the choicest ,plums1 and present them separately on a cover of our own4 ,a laborious1 perhaps a thankless enterprise2 in which1 however1 something of hope has occasionally cheered us1 and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether without satisfaction4 ,if hereby1 though in barbaric wise1 some morsel of spiritual nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our beloved ,british world1 what nobler recompense could the ,editor desire8 ,if it prove otherwise1 why should he murmur8 ,was not this a ,task which ,destiny1 in any case1 had appointed him2 which having now done with1 he sees his general ,day's-work so much the lighter1 so much the shorter8 ,of ,professor ,teufelsdrockh1 it seems impossible to take leave without a mingled feeling of astonishment1 gratitude1 and disapproval4 ,who will not regret that talents1 which might have profited in the higher walks of ,philosophy1 or in ,art itself1 have been so much devoted to a rummaging among lumber-rooms2 nay too often to a scraping in kennels1 where lost rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests8 ,regret is unavoidable2 yet censure were loss of time4 ,to cure him of his mad humors ,british ,criticism would essay in vain3 enough for her if she can1 by vigilance1 prevent the spreading of such among ourselves4 ,what a result1 should this piebald1 entangled1 hyper-metaphorical style of writing1 not to say of thinking1 become general among our ,literary men6 ,as it might so easily do4 ,thus has not the ,editor himself1 working over ,teufelsdrockh's ,german1 lost much of his own ,english purity8 ,even as the smaller whirlpool is sucked into the larger1 and made to whirl along with it1 so has the lesser mind1 in this instance1 been forced to become portion of the greater1 and1 like it1 see all things figuratively3 which habit time and assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate4 ,nevertheless1 wayward as our ,professor shows himself1 is there any reader that can part with him in declared enmity8 ,let us confess1 there is that in the wild1 much-suffering1 much-inflicting man1 which almost attaches us4 ,his attitude1 we will hope and believe1 is that of a man who had said to ,cant1 ,begone2 and to ,dilettantism1 ,here thou canst not be2 and to ,truth1 ,be thou in place of all to me3 a man who had manfully defied the ,time-,prince1 or ,devil1 to his face2 nay perhaps1 ,hannibal-like1 was mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare1 and now stood minded to wage the same1 by all weapons1 in all places1 at all times4 ,in such a cause1 any soldier1 were he but a ,polack ,scythe-man1 shall be welcome4 ,still the question returns on us3 ,how could a man occasionally of keen insight1 not without keen sense of propriety1 who had real ,thoughts to communicate1 resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the absurd8 ,which question he were wiser than the present ,editor who should satisfactorily answer4 ,our conjecture has sometimes been1 that perhaps ,necessity as well as ,choice was concerned in it4 ,seems it not conceivable that1 in a ,life like our ,professor's1 where so much bountifully given by ,nature had in ,practice failed and misgone1 ,literature also would never rightly prosper3 that striving with his characteristic vehemence to paint this and the other ,picture1 and ever without success1 he at last desperately dashes his sponge1 full of all colors1 against the canvas1 to try whether it will paint ,foam8 ,with all his stillness1 there were perhaps in ,teufelsdrockh desperation enough for this4 ,a second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty4 ,it is1 that ,teufelsdrockh1 is not without some touch of the universal feeling1 a wish to proselytize4 ,how often already have we paused1 uncertain whether the basis of this so enigmatic nature were really ,stoicism and ,despair1 or ,love and ,hope only seared into the figure of these6 ,remarkable1 moreover1 is this saying of his3 ,how were ,friendship possible8 ,in mutual devotedness to the ,good and ,true3 otherwise impossible2 except as ,armed ,neutrality1 or hollow ,commercial ,league4 ,a man1 be the ,heavens ever praised1 is sufficient for himself2 yet were ten men1 united in ,love1 capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail in4 ,infinite is the help man can yield to man4 ,and now in conjunction therewith consider this other3 ,it is the ,night of the ,world1 and still long till it be ,day3 we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins1 and the ,sun and the ,stars of ,heaven are as if blotted out for a season2 and two immeasurable ,phantoms1 ,,hypocrisy and ,,atheism1 with the ,ghoul1 ,,sensuality1 stalk abroad over the ,earth1 and call it theirs3 well at ease are the ,sleepers for whom ,existence is a shallow ,dream4 ,but what of the awe-struck ,wakeful who find it a ,reality8 ,should not these unite2 since even an authentic ,spectre is not visible to ,two8--,in which case were this ,enormous ,clothes-,volume properly an enormous ,pitch-pan1 which our ,teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had kindled1 that it might flame far and wide through the ,night1 and many a disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a ,brother's bosom6--,we say as before1 with all his malign ,indifference1 who knows what mad ,hopes this man may harbor8 ,meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here1 which harmonizes ill with such conjecture2 and1 indeed1 were ,teufelsdrockh made like other men1 might as good as altogether subvert it4 ,namely1 that while the ,beacon-fire blazed its brightest1 the ,watchman had quitted it2 that no pilgrim could now ask him3 ,watchman1 what of the ,night8 ,professor ,teufelsdrockh1 be it known1 is no longer visibly present at ,weissnichtwo1 but again to all appearance lost in space6 ,some time ago1 the ,hofrath ,heuschrecke was pleased to favor us with another copious ,epistle2 wherein much is said about the ,population-,institute2 much repeated in praise of the ,paper-bag ,documents1 the hieroglyphic nature of which our ,hofrath still seems not to have surmised2 and1 lastly1 the strangest occurrence communicated1 to us for the first time1 in the following paragraph3-- ,ew4 ,wohlgeboren will have seen from the ,public ,prints1 with what affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude ,weissnichtwo regards the disappearance of her ,sage4 ,might but the united voice of ,germany prevail on him to return2 nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves by what mystery he went away6 ,but1 alas1 old ,lieschen experiences or affects the profoundest deafness1 the profoundest ignorance3 in the ,wahngasse all lies swept1 silent1 sealed up2 the ,privy ,council itself can hitherto elicit no answer4 ,it had been remarked that while the agitating news of those ,parisian ,three ,days flew from mouth to month1 and dinned every ear in ,weissnichtwo1 ,herr ,teufelsdrockh was not known1 at the ,gans or elsewhere1 to have spoken1 for a whole week1 any syllable except once these three3 ,es geht an 7,it is beginning74 ,shortly after1 as ,ew4 ,wohlgeboren knows1 was the public tranquillity here1 as in ,berlin1 threatened by a ,sedition of the ,tailors4 ,nor did there want ,evil-wishers1 or perhaps mere desperate ,alarmists1 who asserted that the closing ,chapter of the ,clothes-,volume was to blame4 ,in this appalling crisis1 the serenity of our ,philosopher was indescribable3 nay1 perhaps through one humble individual1 something thereof might pass into the ,rath 7,council7 itself1 and so contribute to the country's deliverance4 ,the ,tailors are now entirely pacificated4-- ,to neither of these two incidents can ,i attribute our loss3 yet still comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of ,paris and its ,politics4 ,for example1 when the ,saint-,simonian ,society transmitted its ,propositions hither1 and the whole ,gans was one vast cackle of laughter1 lamentation and astonishment1 our ,sage sat mute2 and at the end of the third evening said merely3 ',here also are men who have discovered1 not without amazement1 that ,man is still ,man2 of which high1 long-forgotten ,truth you already see them make a false application4' ,since then1 as has been ascertained by examination of the ,post-,director1 there passed at least one ,letter with its ,answer between the ,messieurs ,bazard-,enfantin and our ,professor himself2 of what tenor can now only be conjectured4 ,on the fifth night following1 he was seen for the last time6 ,has this invaluable man1 so obnoxious to most of the hostile ,sects that convulse our ,era1 been spirited away by certain of their emissaries2 or did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them1 and confront them8 ,reason we have1 at least of a negative sort1 to believe the ,lost still living2 our widowed heart also whispers that ere long he will himself give a sign4 ,otherwise1 indeed1 his archives must1 one day1 be opened by ,authority2 where much1 perhaps the ,palingenesie itself1 is thought to be reposited4 ,thus far the ,hofrath2 who vanishes1 as is his wont1 too like an ,ignis ,fatuus1 leaving the dark still darker4 ,so that ,teufelsdrockh's public ,history were not done1 then1 or reduced to an even1 unromantic tenor2 nay1 perhaps the better part thereof were only beginning8 ,we stand in a region of conjectures1 where substance has melted into shadow1 and one cannot be distinguished from the other4 ,may ,time1 which solves or suppresses all problems1 throw glad light on this also6 ,our own private conjecture1 now amounting almost to certainty1 is that1 safe-moored in some stillest obscurity1 not to lie always still1 ,teufelsdrockh1 is actually in ,london6 ,here1 however1 can the present ,editor1 with an ambrosial joy as of over-weariness falling into sleep1 lay down his pen4 ,well does he know1 if human testimony be worth aught1 that to innumerable ,british readers likewise1 this is a satisfying consummation2 that innumerable ,british readers consider him1 during these current months1 but as an uneasy interruption to their ways of thought and digestion2 and indicate so much1 not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective4 ,for which1 as for other mercies1 ought not he to thank the ,upper ,powers8 ,to one and all of you1 ,o irritated readers1 he1 with outstretched arms and open heart1 will wave a kind farewell4 ,thou too1 miraculous ,entity1 who namest thyself ,,yorke and ,,oliver1 and with thy vivacities and genialities1 with thy all too ,irish mirth and madness1 and odor of palled punch1 makest such strange work1 farewell2 long as thou canst1 fare-well6 ,have we not1 in the course of ,eternity1 travelled some months of our ,life-journey in partial sight of one another2 have we not existed together1 though in a state of quarrel8 ,,appendix4 ,this questionable little ,book was undoubtedly written among the mountain solitudes1 in #ahca2 but1 owing to impediments natural and accidental1 could not1 for seven years more1 appear as a ,volume in ,england2--and had at last to clip itself in pieces1 and be content to struggle out1 bit by bit1 in some courageous ,magazine that offered4 ,whereby now1 to certain idly curious readers1 and even to myself till ,i make study1 the insignificant but at last irritating question1 ,what its real history and chronology are1 is1 if not insoluble1 considerably involved in haze4 ,to the first ,english ,edition1 #ahch1 which an ,american1 or two ,american had now opened the way for1 there was slightingly prefixed1 under the title1 ,testimonies of ,authors1 some straggle of real documents1 which1 now that ,i find it again1 sets the matter into clear light and sequence3--and shall here1 for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and nugatory guessings from the path of every reader1 be reprinted as it stood4 7,author's ,note1 of #ahfh47 ,,testimonies ,,of ,,authors4 ,i4 ,,highest ,,class1 ,,bookseller',s ,,taster4 ,taster to ,bookseller4--,the ,author of ,teufelsdrockh is a person of talent2 his work displays here and there some felicity of thought and expression1 considerable fancy and knowledge3 but whether or not it would take with the public seems doubtful4 ,for a jeu d'esprit of that kind it is too long2 it would have suited better as an essay or article than as a volume4 ,the ,author has no great tact2 his wit is frequently heavy2 and reminds one of the ,german ,baron who took to leaping on tables and answered that he was learning to be lively4 ,is the work a translation8 ,bookseller to ,editor4--,allow me to say that such a writer requires only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able work4 ,directly on receiving your permission1 ,i sent your ,,ms4 to a gentleman in the highest class of men of letters1 and an accomplished ,german scholar3 ,i now enclose you his opinion1 which1 you may rely upon it1 is a just one2 and ,i have too high an opinion of your good sense to c4 c4--,ms4 7penes nos71 ,london1 #agth ,september1 #ahca4 ,,ii4 ,,critic ,,of ,,the ,,sun4 ,fraser's ,magazine exhibits the usual brilliancy1 and also the c4 ,sartor ,resartus is what old ,dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted nonsense1' mixed however1 here and there1 with passages marked by thought and striking poetic vigor4 ,but what does the writer mean by ',baphometic fire-baptism'8 ,why cannot he lay aside his pedantry1 and write so as to make himself generally intelligible8 ,we quote by way of curiosity a sentence from the ,sartor ,resartus2 which may be read either backwards or forwards1 for it is equally intelligible either way3 indeed1 by beginning at the tail1 and so working up to the head1 we think the reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its meaning3 ',the fire-baptized soul1 long so scathed and thunder-riven1 here feels its own freedom2 which feeling is its ,baphometic baptism3 the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault1 and will keep inexpugnable2 outwards from which the remaining dominions1 not indeed without hard battering1 will doubtless by degrees be conquered and pacificated4' ,here is a444--,sun ,newspaper1 #ast ,april1 #ahcd4 ,,iii4 ,,north--,,american ,,reviewer4 444 ,after a careful survey of the whole ground1 our belief is that no such persons as ,professors ,teufelsdrockh or ,counsellor ,heuschrecke ever existed2 that the six ,paper-bags1 with their ,china-ink inscriptions and multifarious contents1 are a mere figment of the brain2 that the 'present ,editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the ,philosophy of ,clothes2 and that the ,sartor ,resartus is the only treatise that has yet appeared upon that subject2--in short1 that the whole account of the origin of the work before us1 which the supposed ,editor relates with so much gravity1 and of which we have given a brief abstract1 is1 in plain ,english1 a hum4 ,without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for entertaining these suspicions1 we may remark1 that the absence of all other information on the subject1 except what is contained in the work1 is itself a fact of a most significant character4 ,the whole ,german press1 as well as the particular one where the work purports to have been printed1 seems to be under the control of ,stillschweigen and ,co4 --,silence and ,company4 ,if the ,clothes-,philosophy and its author are making so great a sensation throughout ,germany as is pretended1 how happens it that the only notice we have of the fact is contained in a few numbers of a monthly ,magazine published at ,london6 ,how happens it that no intelligence about the matter has come out directly to this country8 ,we pique ourselves here in ,new ,england upon knowing at least as much of what is going on in the literary way in the old ,dutch ,mother-land as our brethren of the fast-anchored ,isle2 but thus far we have no tidings whatever of the 'extensive close-printed1 close-meditated volume1' which forms the subject of this pretended commentary4 ,again1 we would respectfully inquire of the 'present ,editor' upon what part of the map of ,germany we are to look for the city of ,weissnichtwo--',know-not-where'--at which place the work is supposed to have been printed1 and the ,author to have resided4 ,it has been our fortune to visit several portions of the ,german territory1 and to examine pretty carefully1 at different times and for various purposes1 maps of the whole2 but we have no recollection of any such place4 ,we suspect that the city of ,know-not-where might be called1 with at least as much propriety1 ,nobody-knows-where1 and is to be found in the kingdom of ,nowhere4 ,again1 the village of ,entepfuhl--',duck-pond'--where the supposed ,author of the work is said to have passed his youth1 and that of ,hinterschlag1 where he had his education1 are equally foreign to our geography4 ,duck-ponds enough there undoubtedly are in almost every village in ,germany1 as the traveller in that country knows too well to his cost1 but any particular village denominated ,duck-pond is to us altogether terra incognita4 ,the names of the personages are not less singular than those of the places4 ,who can refrain from a smile at the yoking together of such a pair of appellatives as ,diogenes ,teufelsdrockh8 ,the supposed bearer of this strange title is represented as admitting1 in his pretended autobiography1 that 'he had searched to no purpose through all the ,heralds' books in and without the ,german empire1 and through all manner of ,subscribers'-lists1 ,militia-rolls1 and other ,name-catalogues1' but had nowhere been able to find 'the name ,teufelsdrockh1 except as appended to his own person4' ,we can readily believe this1 and we doubt very much whether any ,christian parent would think of condemning a son to carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title4 ,that of ,counsellor ,heuschrecke--',grasshopper'--though not offensive1 looks much more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction4' ,the same may be said of ,blumine--',flower-,goddess'--the heroine of the fable2 and so of the rest4 ,in short1 our private opinion is1 as we have remarked1 that the whole story of a correspondence with ,germany1 a university of ,nobody-knows-where1 a ,professor of ,things in ,general1 a ,counsellor ,grasshopper1 a ,flower-,goddess ,blumine1 and so forth1 has about as much foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of ,sir ,john ,herschel's discoveries in the moon4 ,fictions of this kind are1 however1 not uncommon1 and ought not1 perhaps1 to be condemned with too much severity2 but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence in regard to the attempt1 which seems to be made to mislead the public as to the substance of the work before us1 and its pretended ,german original4 ,both purport1 as we have seen1 to be upon the subject of ,clothes1 or dress4 ,clothes1 their ,origin and ,influence1 is the title of the supposed ,german treatise of ,professor ,teufelsdrockh and the rather odd name of ,sartor ,resartus--the ,tailor ,patched--which the present ,editor has affixed to his pretended commentary1 seems to look the same way4 ,but though there is a good deal of remark throughout the work in a half-serious1 half-comic style upon dress1 it seems to be in reality a treatise upon the great science of ,things in ,general1 which ,teufelsdrockh1 is supposed to have professed at the university of ,nobody-knows-where4 ,now1 without intending to adopt a too rigid standard of morals1 we own that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to the public a treatise on ,things in ,general1 under the name and in the form of an ,essay on ,dress4 ,for ourselves1 advanced as we unfortunately are in the journey of life1 far beyond the period when dress is practically a matter of interest1 we have no hesitation in saying1 that the real subject of the work is to us more attractive than the ostensible one4 ,but this is probably not the case with the mass of readers4 ,to the younger portion of the community1 which constitutes everywhere the very great majority1 the subject of dress is one of intense and paramount importance4 ,an author who treats it appeals1 like the poet1 to the young men end maddens--virginibus puerisque--and calls upon them1 by all the motives which habitually operate most strongly upon their feelings1 to buy his book4 ,when1 after opening their purses for this purpose1 they have carried home the work in triumph1 expecting to find in it some particular instruction in regard to the tying of their neckcloths1 or the cut of their corsets1 and meet with nothing better than a dissertation on ,things in ,general1 they will--to use the mildest term--not be in very good humor4 ,if the last improvements in legislation1 which we have made in this country1 should have found their way to ,england1 the author1 we think1 would stand some chance of being ,lynched4 ,whether his object in this piece of supercherie be merely pecuniary profit1 or whether he takes a malicious pleasure in quizzing the ,dandies1 we shall not undertake to say4 ,in the latter part of the work1 he devotes a separate chapter to this class of persons1 from the tenor of which we should be disposed to conclude1 that he would consider any mode of divesting them of their property very much in the nature of a spoiling of the ,egyptians4 ,the only thing about the work1 tending to prove that it is what it purports to be1 a commentary on a real ,german treatise1 is the style1 which is a sort of ,babylonish dialect1 not destitute1 it is true1 of richness1 vigor1 and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression1 but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the ,german language4 ,this quality in the style1 however1 may be a mere result of a great familiarity with ,german literature2 and we cannot1 therefore1 look upon it as in itself decisive1 still less as outweighing so much evidence of an opposite character4--,north-,american ,review1 ,no4 #hi1 ,october1 #ahce4 ,,iv4 ,,new ,,england ,,editors4 ,the ,editors have been induced1 by the expressed desire of many persons1 to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets 99 in which they first appeared1 under the conviction that they contain in themselves the assurance of a longer date4 99 ,fraser's 7,london7 ,magazine1 #ahcc-cd4 ,the ,editors have no expectation that this little ,work will have a sudden and general popularity4 ,they will not undertake1 as there is no need1 to justify the gay costume in which the ,author delights to dress his thoughts1 or the ,german idioms with which he has sportively sprinkled his pages4 ,it is his humor to advance the gravest speculations upon the gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style4 ,if his masquerade offend any of his audience1 to that degree that they will not hear what he has to say1 it may chance to draw others to listen to his wisdom2 and what work of imagination can hope to please all6 ,but we will venture to remark that the distaste excited by these peculiarities in some readers is greatest at first1 and is soon forgotten2 and that the foreign dress and aspect of the ,work are quite superficial1 and cover a genuine ,saxon heart4 ,we believe1 no book has been published for many years1 written in a more sincere style of idiomatic ,english1 or which discovers an equal mastery over all the riches of the language4 ,the ,author makes ample amends for the occasional eccentricity of his genius1 not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor1 but by the wit and sense which never fail him4 ,but what will chiefly commend the ,book to the discerning reader is the manifest design of the work1 which is1 a ,criticism upon the ,spirit of the ,age--we had almost said1 of the hour--in which we live2 exhibiting in the most just and novel light the present aspects of ,religion1 ,politics1 ,literature1 ,arts1 and ,social ,life4 ,under all his gayety the ,writer has an earnest meaning1 and discovers an insight into the manifold wants and tendencies of human nature1 which is very rare among our popular authors4 ,the philanthropy and the purity of moral sentiment1 which inspire the work1 will find their way to the heart of every lover of virtue4--,preface to ,sartor ,resartus3 ,boston1 #ahce1 #ahcg4 ,,sunt1 ,,fuerunt ,,vel ,,fuere4 ,,london1 #cjth ,june1 #ahch4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,all spelling and punctuation was kept as in the printed text4 ,italicized phrases are delimited by underscores4 ,footnotes 7there are only four7 have been placed at the ends of the paragraphs referencing them4