,transcrib]'s note3 betwe5 brackets "s fragm5ts are includ$1 :i* are n pres5t 9 all editions1 mo/ly comm5t>ies conc]n+ ,mr4 ,mill's wife & /epdaught] 7,hel5 ,taylor7--an html ed4 ( ?is e-text1 includ+ index is p5d+4 ,,autobiography by ,,john ,,/u>t ,,mill ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i #ahjf-ahai ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,e>ly ,,education ,,*apt] ,,ii #ahac-ahba ,,moral ,,influ5ces ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,y\?--,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,"* ,,& ,,op9ions ,,*apt] ,,iii #ahba-ahbc ,,la/ ,,/age ,,( ,,education1 ,,& ,,fir/ ,,( ,,self-,,education ,,*apt] ,,iv #ahbc-ahbh ,,y\?ful ,,propag&ism--,,! ,,we/m9/] ,,review ,,*apt] ,v #ahbf-ahcb ,a ,,crisis ,,9 ,,my ,,m5tal ,,hi/ory--,,"o ,,/age ,,onw>d ,,*apt] ,,vi #ahcj-ahdj ,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,,fri5d%ip ,,( ,,my ,,life--,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,dea?--,,writ+s ,,& ,,o!r ,,proce$+s ,,up ,,to #ahdj ,,*apt] ,,vii #ahdj-ahgj ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,rema9d] ,,( ,,my ,,life4--,,completion ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em ,,( ,,logic--,,publication ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,political ,,economy --,,m>riage--,,retirem5t ,,f ,,! ,,india ,,h\se--,,publication ,,( ,,lib]ty --,,consid]ations ,,on ,,repres5tative ,,gov]nm5t--,,civil ,,w> ,,9 ,,am]ica --,,exam9ation ,,( ,,sir ,,william ,,hamilton',s ,,philosophy--,,p>liam5t>y ,,life --,,rema9d] ,,( ,,my ,,life ,,*apt] ,i ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,e>ly ,,education ,x seems prop] t ,i %\ld prefix to ! foll[+ biographical sket* "s m5tion ( ! reasons :i* h made me ?9k x desirable t ,i %\ld leave beh9d me su* a memorial ( s unev5tful a life z m9e4 ,i d n = a mom5t imag9e t any "p ( :at ,i h to relate c be int]e/+ to ! public z a n>rative or z be+ connect$ ) myself4 ,b ,i h ?\ght t 9 an age 9 :i* education & its improvem5t are ! subject ( m1 if n ( pr(\nd]1 /udy ?an at any =m] p]iod ( ,engli% hi/ory1 x may be useful t !re %\ld be "s record ( an education :i* 0 unusual & rem>kable1 & :i*1 :atev] else x may h done1 has prov$ h[ mu* m ?an is commonly suppos$ may be taught1 & well taught1 9 ^? e>ly ye>s :i*1 9 ! common modes ( :at is call$ in/ruction1 are little bett] ?an wa/$4 ,x has also seem$ to me t 9 an age ( transition 9 op9ions1 !re may be some:at bo? ( int]e/ & ( b5efit 9 not+ ! successive phases ( any m9d :i* 0 always press+ =w>d1 equally ready to le>n & to unle>n ei!r f its own ?\ghts or f ^? ( o!rs4 ,b a motive :i* weighs m ) me ?an ei!r ( ^!1 is a desire to make ackn[l$gm5t ( ! debts :i* my intellectual & moral developm5t owes to o!r p]sons2 "s ( !m ( recognis$ em95ce1 o!rs less kn[n ?an !y des]ve to be1 & ! "o to :om mo/ ( all is due1 "o :om ! _w _h no opportunity ( kn[+4 ,! read] :om ^! ?+s d n int]e/1 has only himself to blame if he reads f>!r1 & ,i d n desire any o!r indulg5ce f him ?an t ( be>+ 9 m9d t = him ^! pages 7 n writt54 ,i 0 born 9 ,london1 on ! #bj? ( ,may1 #ahjf1 & 0 ! elde/ son ( ,james ,mill1 ! au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,india4 ,my fa!r1 ! son ( a petty tradesman & 7,i believe7 small f>m]1 at ,nor?wat] ,bridge1 9 ! c\nty ( ,angus1 01 :5 a boy1 recomm5d$ by 8 abilities to ! notice ( ,sir ,john ,/u>t1 ( ,fett]cairn1 "o ( ! ,b>ons ( ! ,ex*equ] 9 ,scotl&1 & 01 9 consequ5ce1 s5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 at ! exp5se ( a fund e/abli%$ by ,lady ,jane ,/u>t 7! wife ( ,sir ,john ,/u>t7 & "s o!r ladies = educat+ "y m5 = ! ,scotti% ,*ur*4 ,he !re w5t ?r\gh ! usual c\rse ( /udy1 & 0 lic5s$ z a ,prea*]1 b nev] foll[$ ! pr(ession2 hav+ satisfi$ himself t he c\ld n believe ! doctr9es ( t or any o!r ,*ur*4 ,= a few ye>s he 0 a private tutor 9 v>i\s families 9 ,scotl&1 among o!rs t ( ! ,m>quis ( ,twe$dale1 b end$ by tak+ up 8 resid5ce 9 ,london1 & devot+ himself to au?or%ip4 ,nor _h he any o!r means ( support until #ahai1 :5 he obta9$ an appo9tm5t 9 ! ,india ,h\se4 ,9 ?is p]iod ( my fa!r's life !re are two ?+s :i* x is impossible n to be /ruck )3 "o ( !m un=tunately a v common circum/ance1 ! o!r a mo/ uncommon "o4 ,! fir/ is1 t 9 8 position1 ) no res\rce b ! prec>i\s "o ( writ+ 9 p]iodicals1 he m>ri$ & _h a l>ge family2 conduct ?an :i* no?+ c\ld be m oppos$1 bo? z a matt] ( good s5se & ( duty1 to ! op9ions :i*1 at lea/ at a lat] p]iod ( life1 he /r5u\sly upheld4 ,! o!r circum/ance1 is ! extraord9>y en]gy :i* 0 requir$ to lead ! life he l$1 ) ! disadvantages "u :i* he lab\r$ f ! fir/1 & ) ^? :i* he br\ght ^u himself by 8 m>riage4 ,x w\ld h be5 no small ?+1 _h he done no m ?an to support himself & 8 family dur+ s _m ye>s by writ+1 )\t ev] be+ 9 debt1 or 9 any pecuni>y difficulty2 hold+1 z he did1 op9ions1 bo? 9 politics & 9 religion1 :i* 7 m odi\s to all p]sons ( influ5ce1 & to ! common run ( prosp]\s ,engli%m51 9 t g5]ation ?an ei!r be=e or s9ce2 & be+ n only a man :om no?+ w\ld h induc$ to write aga9/ 8 convictions1 b "o :o inv>iably ?rew into ev]y?+ he wrote1 z mu* ( 8 convictions z he ?\ght ! circum/ances w\ld 9 any way p]mit3 be+1 x mu/ also be said1 "o :o nev] did any?+ neglig5tly2 nev] und]took any task1 lit]>y or o!r1 on :i* he did n consci5ti\sly be/[ all ! lab\r necess>y = p]=m+ x adequately4 ,b he1 ) ^! burd5s on him1 plann$1 comm5c$1 & complet$1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,india2 & ?is 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t t5 ye>s1 a %ort] "t ?an has be5 occupi$ 7ev5 by writ]s :o _h no o!r employm5t7 9 ! production ( almo/ any o!r hi/orical "w ( equal bulk1 & ( any?+ approa*+ to ! same am\nt ( read+ & rese>*4 ,& to ?is is to be add$1 t dur+ ! :ole p]iod1 a consid]able "p ( almo/ e day 0 employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( 8 *ildr53 9 ! case ( "o ( :om1 myself1 he ex]t$ an am\nt ( lab\r1 c>e1 & p]sev]ance r>ely1 if ev]1 employ$ = a simil> purpose1 9 endeav\r+ to give1 accord+ to 8 own conception1 ! highe/ ord] ( intellectual education4 ,a man :o1 9 8 own practice1 s vigor\sly act$ up to ! pr9ciple ( los+ no "t1 0 likely to adh]e to ! same rule 9 ! in/ruction ( 8 pupil4 ,i h no remembrance ( ! "t :5 ,i began to le>n ,greek2 ,i h be5 told t x 0 :5 ,i 0 ?ree ye>s old4 ,my e>lie/ recollection on ! subject1 is t ( committ+ to memory :at my fa!r t]m$ vocables1 be+ li/s ( common ,greek words1 ) _! signification 9 ,engli%1 :i* he wrote out = me on c>ds4 ,( gramm>1 until "s ye>s lat]1 ,i le>nt no m ?an ! inflections ( ! n\ns & v]bs1 b1 aft] a c\rse ( vocables1 proce$$ at once to translation2 & ,i fa9tly rememb] go+ ?r\gh ,aesop's ,fables1 ! fir/ ,greek book :i* ,i read4 ,! ,anabasis1 :i* ,i rememb] bett]1 0 ! second4 ,i le>nt no ,lat9 until my eigh? ye>4 ,at t "t ,i _h read1 "u my fa!r's tuition1 a numb] ( ,greek prose au?ors1 among :om ,i rememb] ! :ole ( ,h]odotus1 & ( ,x5ophon's ,cyropa$ia & ,memorials ( ,socrates2 "s ( ! lives ( ! philosoph]s by ,diog5es ,la]tius2 "p ( ,lucian1 & ,isocrates ad ,demonicum & ,ad ,nicoclem4 ,i also read1 9 #ahac1 ! fir/ six dialogues 79 ! common arrangem5t7 ( ,plato1 f ! ,eu?yphron to ! ,!octetus inclusive3 :i* la/ dialogue1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 w\ld h be5 bett] omitt$1 z x 0 totally impossible ,i %\ld und]/& x4 ,b my fa!r1 9 all 8 tea*+1 dem&$ ( me n only ! utmo/ t ,i c\ld d1 b mu* t ,i c\ld by no possibility h done4 ,:at he 0 himself will+ to und]go = ! sake ( my in/ruction1 may be judg$ f ! fact1 t ,i w5t ?r\gh ! :ole process ( prep>+ my ,greek lessons 9 ! same room & at ! same table at :i* he 0 writ+3 & z 9 ^? days ,greek & ,engli% lexicons 7 n1 & ,i c\ld make no m use ( a ,greek & ,lat9 lexicon ?an c\ld be made )\t hav+ yet begun to le>n ,lat91 ,i 0 =c$ to h rec\rse to him = ! mean+ ( e ^w :i* ,i did n "k4 ,?is incessant int]ruption1 he1 "o ( ! mo/ impati5t ( m51 submitt$ to1 & wrote "u t int]ruption sev]al volumes ( 8 ,hi/ory & all else t he _h to write dur+ ^? ye>s4 ,! only ?+ besides ,greek1 t ,i le>nt z a lesson 9 ?is "p ( my *ildhood1 0 ari?metic3 ?is also my fa!r taught me3 x 0 ! task ( ! ev5+s1 & ,i well rememb] its disagreeabl5ess4 ,b ! lessons 7 only a "p ( ! daily in/ruction ,i receiv$4 ,mu* ( x consi/$ 9 ! books ,i read by myself1 & my fa!r's disc\rses to me1 *iefly dur+ our walks4 ,f #ahaj to ! end ( #ahac we 7 liv+ 9 ,new+ton ,gre51 !n an almo/ ru/ic neighb\rhood4 ,my fa!r's heal? requir$ consid]able & con/ant ex]cise1 & he walk$ habitually be=e breakfa/1 g5]ally 9 ! gre5 lanes t[>ds ,hornsey4 ,9 ^! walks ,i always accompani$ him1 & ) my e>lie/ recollections ( gre5 fields & wild fl[]s1 is m+l$ t ( ! acc\nt ,i gave him daily ( :at ,i _h read ! day be=e4 ,to ! be/ ( my remembrance1 ?is 0 a volunt>y r ?an a prescrib$ ex]cise4 ,i made notes on slips ( pap] :ile read+1 & f ^! 9 ! morn+ walks1 ,i told ! /ory to him2 = ! books 7 *iefly hi/ories1 ( :i* ,i read 9 ?is mann] a great numb]3 ,rob]tson's hi/ories1 ,hume1 ,gibbon2 b my greate/ delight1 !n & = long aft]w>ds1 0 ,watson's ,philip ! ,second & ,?ird4 ,! h]oic def5ce ( ! ,knights ( ,malta aga9/ ! ,turks1 & ( ! revolt$ ,prov9ces ( ! ,ne!rl&s aga9/ ,spa91 excit$ 9 me an int5se & la/+ int]e/4 ,next to ,watson1 my fav\rite hi/orical read+ 0 ,hooke's ,hi/ory ( ,rome4 ,( ,greece ,i _h se5 at t "t no regul> hi/ory1 except s*ool abridgm5ts & ! la/ two or ?ree volumes ( a translation ( ,roll9's ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 beg9n+ ) ,philip ( ,mac$on4 ,b ,i read ) great delight ,langhorne's translation ( ,plut>*4 ,9 ,engli% hi/ory1 beyond ! "t at :i* ,hume leaves (f1 ,i rememb] read+ ,burnet's ,hi/ory ( 8 ,own ,"t1 ?\gh ,i c>$ little = any?+ 9 x except ! w>s & battles2 & ! hi/orical "p ( ! ,annual ,regi/]1 f ! beg9n+ to ab\t #aghh1 :]e ! volumes my fa!r borr[$ = me f ,mr4 ,b5?am left (f4 ,i felt a lively int]e/ 9 ,fr$]ic ( ,prussia dur+ 8 difficulties1 & 9 ,paoli1 ! ,corsican patriot2 b :5 ,i came to ! ,am]ican ,w>1 ,i took my "p1 l a *ild z ,i 0 7until set "r by my fa!r7 on ! wrong side1 because x 0 call$ ! ,engli% side4 ,9 ^! frequ5t talks ab\t ! books ,i read1 he us$1 z opportunity (f]$1 to give me explanations & ideas respect+ civilization1 gov]nm5t1 morality1 m5tal cultivation1 :i* he requir$ me aft]w>ds to re/ate to him 9 my own words4 ,he also made me read1 & give him a v]bal acc\nt (1 _m books :i* w\ld n h int]e/$ me suffici5tly to induce me to read !m ( myself3 among o!r's ,mill>'s ,hi/orical ,view ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 a book ( great m]it = its "t1 & :i* he highly valu$2 ,mo%eim's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,mc,crie's ,life ( ,john ,knox1 & ev5 ,sewell & ,rutty's ,hi/ories ( ! ,quak]s4 ,he 0 fond ( putt+ into my h&s books :i* exhibit$ m5 ( en]gy & res\rce 9 unusual circum/ances1 /ruggl+ aga9/ difficulties & ov]com+ !m3 ( su* works ,i rememb] ,beav]'s ,african ,memor&a1 & ,coll9s's ,acc\nt ( ! ,fir/ ,settlem5t ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,two books :i* ,i nev] we>i$ ( read+ 7 ,anson's ,voyages1 s delightful to mo/ "y p]sons1 & a collection 7,hawkeswor?'s1 ,i believe7 ( ,voyages r\nd ! ,_w1 9 f\r volumes1 beg9n+ ) ,drake & end+ ) ,cook & ,b\ga9ville4 ,( *ildr5's books1 any m ?an ( play?+s1 ,i _h sc>cely any1 except an occasional gift f a relation or acqua9tance3 among ^? ,i _h1 ,rob9son ,crusoe 0 pre-em95t1 & cont9u$ to delight me ?r\gh all my boyhood4 ,x 0 no "p1 h[ev]1 ( my fa!r's sy/em to exclude books ( amusem5t1 ?\gh he all[$ !m v sp>+ly4 ,( su* books he possess$ at t "t next to none1 b he borr[$ sev]al = me2 ^? :i* ,i rememb] are ! ,arabian ,nights1 ,cazotte's ,arabian ,tales1 ,don ,quixote1 ,miss ,edgewor?'s ,popul> ,tales1 & a book ( "s reputation 9 its day1 ,brooke's ,fool ( ,quality4 ,9 my eigh? ye> ,i comm5c$ le>n+ ,lat91 9 conjunction ) a y\ng] si/]1 to :om ,i taught x z ,i w5t on1 & :o aft]w>ds repeat$ ! lessons to my fa!r2 f ?is "t1 o!r si/]s & bro!rs be+ successively add$ z pupils1 a consid]able "p ( my day's "w consi/$ ( ?is prep>atory tea*+4 ,x 0 a "p :i* ,i greatly dislik$2 ! m s1 z ,i 0 held responsible = ! lessons ( my pupils1 9 almo/ z full a s5se z = my own3 ,i1 h[ev]1 d]iv$ f ?is discipl9e ! great advantage1 ( le>n+ m ?or\ghly & reta9+ m la/+ly ! ?+s :i* ,i 0 set to tea*3 p]haps1 too1 ! practice x af=d$ 9 expla9+ difficulties to o!rs1 may ev5 at t age h be5 useful4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! exp]i5ce ( my boyhood is n fav\rable to ! plan ( tea*+ *ildr5 by means ( "o ano!r4 ,! tea*+1 ,i am sure1 is v ineffici5t z tea*+1 & ,i well "k t ! relation betwe5 tea*] & taught is n a good moral discipl9e to ei!r4 ,i w5t 9 ?is mann] ?r\gh ! ,lat9 gramm>1 & a consid]able "p ( ,cornelius ,nepos & ,caes>'s ,comm5t>ies1 b aft]w>ds add$ to ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ^! lessons1 mu* long] ones ( my own4 ,9 ! same ye> 9 :i* ,i began ,lat91 ,i made my fir/ comm5cem5t 9 ! ,greek poets ) ! ,iliad4 ,aft] ,i _h made "s progress 9 ?is1 my fa!r put ,pope's translation into my h&s4 ,x 0 ! fir/ ,engli% v]se ,i _h c>$ to read1 & x became "o ( ! books 9 :i* = _m ye>s ,i mo/ delight$3 ,i ?9k ,i mu/ h read x f tw5ty to ?irty times ?r\gh4 ,i %\ld n h ?\ght x wor? :ile to m5tion a ta/e app>5tly s natural to boyhood1 if ,i _h n1 z ,i ?9k1 obs]v$ t ! ke5 enjoym5t ( ?is brilliant specim5 ( n>rative & v]sification is n s univ]sal ) boys1 z ,i %\ld h expect$ bo? a priori & f my individual exp]i5ce4 ,soon aft] ?is "t ,i comm5c$ ,euclid1 & some:at lat]1 ,algebra1 /ill "u my fa!r's tuition4 ,f my eigh? to my twelf? ye>1 ! ,lat9 books :i* ,i rememb] read+ 71 ! ,bucolics ( ,virgil1 & ! fir/ six books ( ! ,a5eid2 all ,horace1 except ! ,epodes2 ! ,fables ( ,pha$rus2 ! fir/ five books ( ,livy 7to :i* f my love ( ! subject ,i volunt>ily add$1 9 my h\rs ( leisure1 ! rema9d] ( ! fir/ decade72 all ,sallu/2 a consid]able "p ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses2 "s plays ( ,t]5ce2 two or ?ree books ( ,lucretius2 sev]al ( ! ,orations ( ,cic]o1 & ( 8 writ+s on oratory2 also 8 lett]s to ,atticus1 my fa!r tak+ ! tr\ble to translate to me f ! ,fr5* ! hi/orical explanations 9 ,m+ault's notes4 ,9 ,greek ,i read ! ,iliad & ,odyssey ?r\gh2 "o or two plays ( ,sophocles1 ,euripides1 & ,ari/ophanes1 ?\gh by ^! ,i pr(it$ little2 all ,?ucydides2 ! ,hell5ics ( ,x5ophon2 a great "p ( ,demo/h5es1 ,aes*9es1 & ,lysias2 ,!ocritus2 ,anacreon2 "p ( ! ,an?ology2 a little ( ,dionysius2 sev]al books ( ,polybius2 & la/ly ,ari/otle's ,rhetoric1 :i*1 z ! fir/ expressly sci5tific treatise on any moral or psy*ological subject :i* ,i _h read1 & conta9+ _m ( ! be/ obs]vations ( ! anci5ts on human nature & life1 my fa!r made me /udy ) peculi> c>e1 & ?r[ ! matt] ( x into synoptic tables4 ,dur+ ! same ye>s ,i le>nt elem5t>y geometry & algebra ?or\ghly1 ! diff]5tial calculus1 & o!r portions ( ! high] ma!matics f> f ?or\ghly3 = my fa!r1 n hav+ kept up ?is "p ( 8 e>ly acquir$ k1 c\ld n sp>e "t to qualify himself = remov+ my difficulties1 & left me to deal ) !m1 ) little o!r aid ?an t ( books3 :ile ,i 0 cont9ually incurr+ 8 displeasure by my inability to solve difficult problems = :i* he did n see t ,i _h n ! necess>y previ\s k4 ,z to my private read+1 ,i c only speak ( :at ,i rememb]4 ,hi/ory cont9u$ to be my /ronge/ pr$ilection1 & mo/ ( all anci5t hi/ory4 ,mit=d's ,greece ,i read cont9ually2 my fa!r _h put me on my gu>d aga9/ ! ,tory prejudices ( ?is writ]1 & 8 p]v]sions ( facts = ! :itewa%+ ( despots1 & black5+ ( popul> in/itutions4 ,^! po9ts he disc\rs$ on1 exemplify+ !m f ! ,greek orators & hi/orians1 ) su* effect t 9 read+ ,mit=d my sympa?ies 7 always on ! contr>y side to ^? ( ! au?or1 & ,i c\ld1 to "s ext5t1 h argu$ ! po9t aga9/ him3 yet ?is did n dim9i% ! ev] new pleasure ) :i* ,i read ! book4 ,roman hi/ory1 bo? 9 my old fav\rite1 ,hooke1 & 9 ,f]guson1 cont9u$ to delight me4 ,a book :i*1 9 spite ( :at is call$ ! dryness ( its /yle1 ,i took great pleasure 91 0 ! ,anci5t ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 ?r\gh ! incessant read+ ( :i*1 ,i _h my head full ( hi/orical details conc]n+ ! obscure/ anci5t p1 :ile ab\t mod]n hi/ory1 except deta*$ passages1 su* z ! ,dut* ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,i knew & c>$ comp>atively little4 ,a volunt>y ex]cise1 to :i* ?r\gh\t my boyhood ,i 0 mu* addict$1 0 :at ,i call$ writ+ hi/ories4 ,i successively compos$ a ,roman ,hi/ory1 pick$ out ( ,hooke2 & an ,abridgm5t ( ! ,anci5t ,univ]sal ,hi/ory2 a ,hi/ory ( ,holl&1 f my fav\rite ,watson & f an anonym\s compilation2 & 9 my elev5? & twelf? ye> ,i occupi$ myself ) writ+ :at ,i flatt]$ myself 0 some?+ s]i\s4 ,?is 0 no less ?an a ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,gov]nm5t1 compil$ 7) ! assi/ance ( ,hooke7 f ,livy & ,dionysius3 ( :i* ,i wrote z mu* z w\ld h made an octavo volume1 ext5d+ to ! epo* ( ! ,lic9ian ,laws4 ,x 01 9 fact1 an acc\nt ( ! /ruggles betwe5 ! patricians & plebeians1 :i* n[ engross$ all ! int]e/ 9 my m9d :i* ,i _h previ\sly felt 9 ! m]e w>s & conque/s ( ! ,romans4 ,i discuss$ all ! con/itutional po9ts z !y arose3 ?\gh q ignorant ( ,niebuhr's rese>*es1 ,i1 by su* lights z my fa!r _h giv5 me1 v9dicat$ ! ,agr>ian ,laws on ! evid5ce ( ,livy1 & upheld1 to ! be/ ( my ability1 ! ,roman ,democratic p>ty4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 9 my contempt ( my *ildi% ef=ts1 ,i de/roy$ all ^! pap]s1 n !n anticipat+ t ,i c\ld ev] feel any curiosity ab\t my fir/ attempts at writ+ & reason+4 ,my fa!r enc\rag$ me 9 ?is useful amusem5t1 ?\gh1 z ,i ?9k judici\sly1 he nev] ask$ to see :at ,i wrote2 s t ,i did n feel t 9 writ+ x ,i 0 acc\ntable to any "o1 nor _h ! *ill+ s5sation ( be+ "u a critical eye4 ,b ?\gh ^! ex]cises 9 hi/ory 7 nev] a compulsory lesson1 !re 0 ano!r k9d ( composition :i* 0 s1 namely1 writ+ v]ses1 & x 0 "o ( ! mo/ disagreeable ( my tasks4 ,greek & ,lat9 v]ses ,i did n write1 nor le>nt ! prosody ( ^? languages4 ,my fa!r1 ?9k+ ?is n wor? ! "t x requir$1 cont5t$ himself ) mak+ me read al\d to him1 & correct+ false quantities4 ,i nev] compos$ at all 9 ,greek1 ev5 9 prose1 & b little 9 ,lat94 ,n t my fa!r c\ld be indiff]5t to ! value ( ?is practice1 9 giv+ a ?or\gh k ( ^! languages1 b because !re really 0 n "t = x4 ,! v]ses ,i 0 requir$ to write 7 ,engli%4 ,:5 ,i fir/ read ,pope's ,hom]1 ,i ambiti\sly attempt$ to compose some?+ ( ! same k9d1 & a*iev$ z mu* z "o book ( a cont9uation ( ! ,iliad4 ,!re1 probably1 ! spontane\s prompt+s ( my poetical ambition w\ld h /opp$2 b ! ex]cise1 begun f *oice1 0 cont9u$ by comm&4 ,con=mably to my fa!r's usual practice ( expla9+ to me1 z f> z possible1 ! reasons = :at he requir$ me to d1 he gave me1 = ?is1 z ,i well rememb]1 two reasons highly *>act]i/ic ( him3 "o 01 t "s ?+s c\ld be express$ bett] & m =cibly 9 v]se ?an 9 prose3 ?is1 he said1 0 a real advantage4 ,! o!r 01 t p 9 g5]al atta*$ m value to v]se ?an x des]v$1 & ! p[] ( writ+ x1 01 on ?is acc\nt1 wor? acquir+4 ,he g5]ally left me to *oose my own subjects1 :i*1 z f> z ,i rememb]1 7 mo/ly addresses to "s my?ological p]sonage or allegorical ab/raction2 b he made me translate into ,engli% v]se _m ( ,horace's %ort] poems3 ,i also rememb] 8 giv+ me ,?omson's ,w9t] to read1 & aft]w>ds mak+ me attempt 7)\t book7 to write some?+ myself on ! same subject4 ,! v]ses ,i wrote 71 ( c\rse1 ! m]e/ rubbi%1 nor did ,i ev] atta9 any facility ( v]sification1 b ! practice may h be5 useful 9 mak+ x easi] = me1 at a lat] p]iod1 to acquire read9ess ( expression4#a ,i _h read1 up to ?is "t1 v little ,engli% poetry4 ,%akspe>e my fa!r _h put into my h&s1 *iefly = ! sake ( ! hi/orical plays1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i w5t on to ! o!rs4 ,my fa!r nev] 0 a great admir] ( ,%akspe>e1 ! ,engli% idolatry ( :om he us$ to attack ) "s sev]ity4 ,he c>$ little = any ,engli% poetry except ,milton 7= :om he _h ! highe/ admiration71 ,goldsmi?1 ,burns1 & ,gray's ,b>d1 :i* he pref]r$ to 8 ,elegy3 p]haps ,i may add ,c[p] & ,beattie4 ,he _h "s value = ,sp5s]1 & ,i rememb] 8 read+ to me 7unlike 8 usual practice ( mak+ me read to him7 ! fir/ book ( ! ,fairie ,que5e2 b ,i took little pleasure 9 x4 ,! poetry ( ! pres5t c5tury he saw sc>cely any m]it 91 & ,i h>dly became acqua9t$ ) any ( x till ,i 0 gr[n up to manhood1 except ! metrical romances ( ,walt] ,scott1 :i* ,i read at 8 recomm5dation & 0 int5sely delight$ )2 z ,i always 0 ) animat$ n>rative4 ,dryd5's ,poems 7 among my fa!r's books1 & _m ( ^! he made me read1 b ,i nev] c>$ = any ( !m except ,alex&]'s ,fea/1 :i*1 z well z _m ( ! songs 9 ,walt] ,scott1 ,i us$ to s+ int]nally1 to a music ( my own3 to "s ( ! latt]1 inde$1 ,i w5t s f> z to compose airs1 :i* ,i /ill rememb]4 ,c[p]'s %ort poems ,i read ) "s pleasure1 b nev] got f> into ! long] ones2 & no?+ 9 ! two volumes int]e/$ me l ! prose acc\nt ( 8 ?ree h>es4 ,9 my ?irte5? ye> ,i met ) ,campbell's poems1 among :i* ,lo*iel1 ,hoh5l9d51 ,! ,exile ( ,er91 & "s o!rs1 gave me s5sations ,i _h nev] be=e exp]i5c$ f poetry4 ,"h1 too1 ,i made no?+ ( ! long] poems1 except ! /rik+ op5+ ( ,g]trude ( ,wyom+1 :i* long kept its place 9 my feel+s z ! p]fection ( pa?os4 ,dur+ ?is "p ( my *ildhood1 "o ( my greate/ amusem5ts 0 exp]im5tal sci5ce2 9 ! !oretical1 h[ev]1 n ! practical s5se ( ! ^w2 n try+ exp]im5ts--a k9d ( discipl9e :i* ,i h (t5 regrett$ n hav+ _h--nor ev5 see+1 b m]ely read+ ab\t !m4 ,i nev] rememb] be+ s wrapt up 9 any book1 z ,i 0 9 ,joyce's ,sci5tific ,dialogues2 & ,i 0 r recalcitrant to my fa!r's criticisms ( ! bad reason+ respect+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( physics1 :i* ab\nds 9 ! e>ly "p ( t "w4 ,i dev\r$ treatises on ,*emi/ry1 especially t ( my fa!r's e>ly fri5d & s*oolfell[1 ,dr4 ,?omson1 = ye>s be=e ,i att5d$ a lecture or saw an exp]im5t4 ,f ab\t ! age ( twelve1 ,i ent]$ into ano!r & m advanc$ /age 9 my c\rse ( in/ruction2 9 :i* ! ma9 object 0 no long] ! aids & appliances ( ?\ght1 b ! ?\ghts !mselves4 ,?is comm5c$ ) ,logic1 9 :i* ,i began at once ) ! ,organon1 & read x to ! ,analytics inclusive1 b pr(it$ little by ! ,po/]ior ,analytics1 :i* belong to a bran* ( speculation ,i 0 n yet ripe =4 ,contemporane\sly ) ! ,organon1 my fa!r made me read ! :ole or p>ts ( sev]al ( ! ,lat9 treatises on ! s*ola/ic logic2 giv+ ea* day to him1 9 our walks1 a m9ute acc\nt ( :at ,i _h read1 & answ]+ 8 num]\s & mo/ se>*+ que/ions4 ,aft] ?is1 ,i w5t 9 a simil> mann] ?r\gh ! ,computatio sive ,logica ( ,hobbes1 a "w ( a mu* high] ord] ( ?\ght ?an ! books ( ! s*ool logicians1 & :i* he e/imat$ v highly2 9 my own op9ion beyond its m]its1 great z ^! are4 ,x 0 8 inv>iable practice1 :atev] /udies he exact$ f me1 to make me z f> z possible und]/& & feel ! utility ( !m3 & ?is he deem$ peculi>ly fitt+ 9 ! case ( ! syllogi/ic logic1 ! usefulness ( :i* _h be5 impugn$ by s _m writ]s ( au?ority4 ,i well rememb] h[1 & 9 :at p>ticul> walk1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bag%ot ,hea? 7:]e we 7 on a visit to 8 old fri5d ,mr4 ,wallace1 !n "o ( ! ,ma!matical ,pr(essors at ,s&hur/7 he fir/ attempt$ by que/ions to make me ?9k on ! subject1 & frame "s conception ( :at con/itut$ ! utility ( ! syllogi/ic logic1 & :5 ,i _h fail$ 9 ?is1 to make me und]/& x by explanations4 ,! explanations did n make ! matt] at all cle> to me at ! "t2 b !y 7 n !re=e useless2 !y rema9$ z a nucleus = my obs]vations & reflections to cry/allize ^u2 ! import ( 8 g5]al rem>ks be+ int]pret$ to me1 by ! p>ticul> in/ances :i* came "u my notice aft]w>ds4 ,my own consci\sness & exp]i5ce ultimately l$ me to appreciate q z highly z he did1 ! value ( an e>ly practical famili>ity ) ! s*ool logic4 ,i "k ( no?+1 9 my education1 to :i* ,i ?9k myself m indebt$ = :atev] capacity ( ?9k+ ,i h atta9$4 ,! fir/ intellectual op]ation 9 :i* ,i arriv$ at any pr(ici5cy1 0 dissect+ a bad argum5t1 & f9d+ 9 :at "p ! fallacy lay3 & ?\gh :atev] capacity ( ?is sort ,i atta9$1 0 due to ! fact t x 0 an intellectual ex]cise 9 :i* ,i 0 mo/ p]sev]+ly drill$ by my fa!r1 yet x is also true t ! s*ool logic1 & ! m5tal habits acquir$ 9 /udy+ x1 7 among ! pr9cipal in/rum5ts ( ?is drill+4 ,i am p]suad$ t no?+1 9 mod]n education1 t5ds s mu*1 :5 prop]ly us$1 to =m exact ?9k]s1 :o atta* a precise mean+ to words & propositions1 & are n impos$ on by vague1 loose1 or ambigu\s t]ms4 ,! boa/$ influ5ce ( ma!matical /udies is no?+ to x2 = 9 ma!matical processes1 none ( ! real difficulties ( correct ratioc9ation occur4 ,x is also a /udy peculi>ly adapt$ to an e>ly /age 9 ! education ( philosophical /ud5ts1 s9ce x does n presuppose ! sl[ process ( acquir+1 by exp]i5ce & reflection1 valuable ?\ghts ( _! own4 ,!y may become capable ( dis5tangl+ ! intricacies ( confus$ & self-contradictory ?\ght1 be=e _! own ?9k+ faculties are mu* advanc$2 a p[] :i*1 = want ( "s su* discipl9e1 _m o!rwise able m5 altoge!r lack2 & :5 !y h to answ] oppon5ts1 only endeav\r1 by su* argum5ts z !y c comm&1 to support ! opposite conclusion1 sc>cely ev5 attempt+ to confute ! reason+s ( _! antagoni/s2 &1 !re=e1 at ! utmo/1 leav+ ! "q1 z f> z x dep5ds on argum5t1 a balanc$ "o4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 ! ,lat9 & ,greek books :i* ,i cont9u$ to read ) my fa!r 7 *iefly su* z 7 wor? /udy+1 n = ! language m]ely1 b also = ! ?\ghts4 ,?is includ$ mu* ( ! orators1 & especially ,demo/h5es1 "s ( ^: pr9cipal orations ,i read sev]al times ov]1 & wrote out1 by way ( ex]cise1 a full analysis ( !m4 ,my fa!r's comm5ts on ^! orations :5 ,i read !m to him 7 v in/ructive to me4 ,he n only drew my att5tion to ! insight !y af=d$ into ,a!nian in/itutions1 & ! pr9ciples ( legislation & gov]nm5t :i* !y (t5 illu/rat$1 b po9t$ out ! skill & art ( ! orator--h[ ev]y?+ important to 8 purpose 0 said at ! exact mom5t :5 he _h br\ght ! m9ds ( 8 audi5ce into ! /ate mo/ fitt$ to receive x2 h[ he made /eal into _! m9ds1 gradually & by ins9uation1 ?\ghts :i*1 if express$ 9 a m direct mann]1 w\ld h r\s$ _! opposition4 ,mo/ ( ^! reflections 7 beyond my capacity ( full compreh5sion at ! "t2 b !y left se$ beh9d1 :i* g]m9at$ 9 due season4 ,at ?is "t ,i also read ! :ole ( ,tacitus1 ,juv5al1 & ,qu9tilian4 ,! latt]1 ow+ to 8 obscure /yle & to ! s*ola/ic details ( :i* _m p>ts ( 8 treatise are made up1 is little read1 & seldom suffici5tly appreciat$4 ,8 book is a k9d ( encyclopa$ia ( ! ?\ghts ( ! anci5ts on ! :ole field ( education & culture2 & ,i h reta9$ ?r\gh life _m valuable ideas :i* ,i c di/9ctly trace to my read+ ( him1 ev5 at t e>ly age4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t ,i read1 = ! fir/ "t1 "s ( ! mo/ important dialogues ( ,plato1 9 p>ticul> ! ,gorgias1 ! ,protagoras1 & ! ,republic4 ,!re is no au?or to :om my fa!r ?\ght himself m indebt$ = 8 own m5tal culture1 ?an ,plato1 or :om he m frequ5tly recomm5d$ to "y /ud5ts4 ,i c be> simil> te/imony 9 reg>d to myself4 ,! ,socratic me?od1 ( :i* ! ,platonic dialogues are ! *ief example1 is unsurpass$ z a discipl9e = correct+ ! errors1 & cle>+ up ! confusions incid5t to ! intellectus sibi p]missus1 ! und]/&+ :i* has made up all its bundles ( associations "u ! guidance ( popul> phraseology4 ,! close1 se>*+ el5*us by :i* ! man ( vague g5]alities is con/ra9$ ei!r to express 8 mean+ to himself 9 def9ite t]ms1 or to confess t he does n "k :at he is talk+ ab\t2 ! p]petual te/+ ( all g5]al /atem5ts by p>ticul> in/ances2 ! siege 9 =m :i* is laid to ! mean+ ( l>ge ab/ract t]ms1 by fix+ ^u "s /ill l>g] class-"n :i* includes t & m1 & divid+ d[n to ! ?+ s\ght--m>k+ out its limits & def9ition by a s]ies ( accurately drawn di/9ctions betwe5 x & ea* ( ! cognate objects :i* are successively p>t$ (f f x --all ?is1 z an education = precise ?9k+1 is ine/imable1 & all ?is1 ev5 at t age1 took su* hold ( me t x became "p ( my own m9d4 ,i h felt ev] s9ce t ! title ( ,platoni/ belongs by f> bett] "r to ^? :o h be5 n\ri%$ 9 & h endeav\r$ to practise ,plato's mode ( inve/igation1 ?an to ^? :o are di/+ui%$ only by ! adoption ( c]ta9 dogmatical conclusions1 drawn mo/ly f ! lea/ intelligible ( 8 works1 & :i* ! "* ( 8 m9d & writ+s makes x unc]ta9 :e!r he himself reg>d$ z any?+ m ?an poetic fancies1 or philosophic conjectures4 ,9 go+ ?r\gh ,plato & ,demo/h5es1 s9ce ,i c\ld n[ read ^! au?ors1 z f> z ! language 0 conc]n$1 ) p]fect ease1 ,i 0 n requir$ to con/rue !m s5t5ce by s5t5ce1 b to read !m al\d to my fa!r1 answ]+ que/ions :5 ask$3 b ! p>ticul> att5tion :i* he paid to elocution 79 :i* 8 own excell5ce 0 rem>kable7 made ?is read+ al\d to him a mo/ pa9ful task4 ,( all ?+s :i* he requir$ me to d1 !re 0 none :i* ,i did s con/antly ill1 or 9 :i* he s p]petually lo/ 8 temp] ) me4 ,he _h ?\ght mu* on ! pr9ciples ( ! art ( read+1 especially ! mo/ neglect$ "p ( x1 ! inflections ( ! voice1 or modulation1 z writ]s on elocution call x 79 contra/ ) articulation on ! "o side1 & expression on ! o!r71 & _h r$uc$ x to rules1 gr\nd$ on ! logical analysis ( a s5t5ce4 ,^! rules he /rongly impress$ ^u me1 & took me sev]ely to task = e violation ( !m3 b ,i ev5 !n rem>k$ 7?\gh ,i did n v5ture to make ! rem>k to him7 t ?\gh he reproa*$ me :5 ,i read a s5t5ce ill1 & told me h[ ,i ought to h read x1 he nev] by read+ x himself1 %[$ me h[ x ought to be read4 ,a defect runn+ ?r\gh 8 o!rwise admirable modes ( in/ruction1 z x did ?r\gh all 8 modes ( ?\ght1 0 t ( tru/+ too mu* to ! intelligibl5ess ( ! ab/ract1 :5 n embodi$ 9 ! concrete4 ,x 0 at a mu* lat] p]iod ( my y\?1 :5 practis+ elocution by myself1 or ) companions ( my own age1 t ,i = ! fir/ "t und]/ood ! object ( 8 rules1 & saw ! psy*ological gr\nds ( !m4 ,at t "t ,i & o!rs foll[$ out ! subject into its ramifications1 & c\ld h compos$ a v useful treatise1 gr\nd$ on my fa!r's pr9ciples4 ,he himself left ^? pr9ciples & rules unwritt54 ,i regret t :5 my m9d 0 full ( ! subject1 f sy/ematic practice1 ,i did n put !m1 & our improvem5ts ( !m1 into a =mal %ape4 ,a book :i* contribut$ l>gely to my education1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! t]m1 0 my fa!r's ,hi/ory ( ,india4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahah4 ,dur+ ! ye> previ\s1 :ile x 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! press1 ,i us$ to read ! pro( %eets to him2 or r1 ,i read ! manuscript to him :ile he correct$ ! pro(s4 ,! numb] ( new ideas :i* ,i receiv$ f ?is rem>kable book1 & ! impulse & /imulus z well z guidance giv5 to my ?\ghts by its criticism & disquisitions on society & civilization 9 ! ,h9doo "p1 on in/itutions & ! acts ( gov]nm5ts 9 ! ,engli% "p1 made my e>ly famili>ity ) x em95tly useful to my subsequ5t progress4 ,& ?\gh ,i c p]ceive defici5cies 9 x n[ z comp>$ ) a p]fect /&>d1 ,i /ill ?9k x1 if n ! mo/1 "o ( ! mo/ in/ructive hi/ories ev] writt51 & "o ( ! books f :i* mo/ b5efit may be d]iv$ by a m9d 9 ! c\rse ( mak+ up its op9ions4 ,! ,preface1 among ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( my fa!r's writ+s1 z well z ! ri*e/ 9 mat]ials ( ?\ght1 gives a picture :i* may be entirely dep5d$ on1 ( ! s5tim5ts & expectations ) :i* he wrote ! ,hi/ory4 ,saturat$ z ! book is ) ! op9ions & modes ( judgm5t ( a democratic radicalism !n reg>d$ z extreme2 & treat+ ) a sev]ity1 at t "t mo/ unusual1 ! ,engli% ,con/itution1 ! ,engli% law1 & all p>ties & classes :o possess$ any consid]able influ5ce 9 ! c\ntry2 he may h expect$ reputation1 b c]ta9ly n advancem5t 9 life1 f its publication2 nor c\ld he h suppos$ t x w\ld raise up any?+ b enemies = him 9 p[]ful qu>t]s3 lea/ ( all c\ld he h expect$ fav\r f ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 to ^: comm]cial privileges he 0 unqualifi$ly ho/ile1 & on ! acts ( ^: gov]nm5t he _h made s _m sev]e comm5ts3 ?\gh1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( 8 book1 he bore a te/imony 9 _! fav\r1 :i* he felt to be _! j due1 namely1 t no ,gov]nm5t _h on ! :ole giv5 s mu* pro(1 to ! ext5t ( its lights1 ( good int5tion t[>ds its subjects2 & t if ! acts ( any o!r ,gov]nm5t _h ! light ( publicity z completely let 9 ^u !m1 !y w\ld1 9 all probability1 /ill less be> scrut9y4 ,on le>n+1 h[ev]1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahai1 ab\t a ye> aft] ! publication ( ! ,hi/ory1 t ! ,ea/ ,india ,directors desir$ to /r5g!n ! "p ( _! home e/abli%m5t :i* 0 employ$ 9 c>ry+ on ! correspond5ce ) ,india1 my fa!r decl>$ himself a c&idate = t employm5t1 &1 to ! cr$it ( ! ,directors1 successfully4 ,he 0 appo9t$ "o ( ! ,assi/ants ( ! ,exam9] ( ,india ,correspond5ce2 (fic]s ^: duty x 0 to prep>e drafts ( despat*es to ,india1 = consid]ation by ! ,directors1 9 ! pr9cipal dep>tm5ts ( adm9i/ration4 ,9 ?is (fice1 & 9 t ( ,exam9]1 :i* he subsequ5tly atta9$1 ! influ5ce :i* 8 tal5ts1 8 reputation1 & 8 decision ( "* gave him1 ) sup]iors :o really desir$ ! good gov]nm5t ( ,india1 enabl$ him to a great ext5t to ?r[ into 8 drafts ( despat*es1 & to c>ry ?r\gh ! ordeal ( ! ,c\rt ( ,directors & ,bo>d ( ,control1 )\t hav+ _! =ce mu* weak5$1 8 real op9ions on ,indian subjects4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory he _h set =?1 = ! fir/ "t1 _m ( ! true pr9ciples ( ,indian adm9i/ration3 & 8 despat*es1 foll[+ 8 ,hi/ory1 did m ?an _h ev] be5 done be=e to promote ! improvem5t ( ,india1 & tea* ,indian (ficials to und]/& _! bus9ess4 ,if a selection ( !m 7 publi%$1 !y w\ld1 ,i am conv9c$1 place 8 "* z a practical /atesman fully on a level ) 8 em95ce z a speculative writ]4 ,?is new employm5t ( 8 "t caus$ no relaxation 9 8 att5tion to my education4 ,x 0 9 ?is same ye>1 #ahai1 t he took me ?r\gh a complete c\rse ( political economy4 ,8 lov$ & intimate fri5d1 ,ric>do1 _h %ortly be=e publi%$ ! book :i* =m$ s great an epo* 9 political economy2 a book :i* w\ld nev] h be5 publi%$ or writt51 b = ! entreaty & /rong enc\ragem5t ( my fa!r2 = ,ric>do1 ! mo/ mode/ ( m51 ?\gh firmly conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( 8 doctr9es1 deem$ himself s little capable ( do+ !m ju/ice 9 exposition & expression1 t he %rank f ! idea ( publicity4 ,! same fri5dly enc\ragem5t induc$ ,ric>do1 a ye> or two lat]1 to become a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons2 :]e1 dur+ ! rema9+ ye>s ( 8 life1 unhappily cut %ort 9 ! full vig\r ( 8 intellect1 he r5d]$ s mu* s]vice to 8 & my fa!r's op9ions bo? on political economy & on o!r subjects4 ,?\gh ,ric>do's great "w 0 already 9 pr9t1 no didactic treatise embody+ its doctr9es1 9 a mann] fit = le>n]s1 _h yet appe>$4 ,my fa!r1 !re=e1 comm5c$ in/ruct+ me 9 ! sci5ce by a sort ( lectures1 :i* he deliv]$ to me 9 our walks4 ,he exp\nd$ ea* day a portion ( ! subject1 & ,i gave him next day a writt5 acc\nt ( x1 :i* he made me rewrite ov] & ov] aga9 until x 0 cle>1 precise1 & tol]ably complete4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i w5t ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( ! sci5ce2 & ! writt5 outl9e ( x :i* result$ f my daily compte r5du1 s]v$ him aft]w>ds z notes f :i* to write 8 ,elem5ts ( ,political ,economy4 ,aft] ?is ,i read ,ric>do1 giv+ an acc\nt daily ( :at ,i read1 & discuss+1 9 ! be/ mann] ,i c\ld1 ! collat]al po9ts :i* (f]$ !mselves 9 our progress4 ,on ,money1 z ! mo/ intricate "p ( ! subject1 he made me read 9 ! same mann] ,ric>do's admirable pamphlets1 writt5 dur+ :at 0 call$ ! ,bullion controv]sy2 to ^! succe$$ ,adam ,smi?2 & 9 ?is read+ x 0 "o ( my fa!r's ma9 objects to make me apply to ,smi?'s m sup]ficial view ( political economy1 ! sup]ior lights ( ,ric>do1 & detect :at 0 fallaci\s 9 ,smi?'s argum5ts1 or errone\s 9 any ( 8 conclusions4 ,su* a mode ( in/ruction 0 excell5tly calculat$ to =m a ?9k]2 b x requir$ to be work$ by a ?9k]1 z close & vigor\s z my fa!r4 ,! pa? 0 a ?orny "o1 ev5 to him1 & ,i am sure x 0 s to me1 not)/&+ ! /rong int]e/ ,i took 9 ! subject4 ,he 0 (t51 & mu* beyond reason1 provok$ by my failures 9 cases :]e success c\ld n h be5 expect$2 b 9 ! ma9 8 me?od 0 "r1 & x succe$$4 ,i d n believe t any sci5tific tea*+ ev] 0 m ?or\gh1 or bett] fitt$ = tra9+ ! faculties1 ?an ! mode 9 :i* logic & political economy 7 taught to me by my fa!r4 ,/riv+1 ev5 9 an exagg]at$ degree1 to call =? ! activity ( my faculties1 by mak+ me f9d out ev]y?+ = myself1 he gave 8 explanations n be=e1 b aft]1 ,i _h felt ! full =ce ( ! difficulties2 & n only gave me an accurate k ( ^! two great subjects1 z f> z !y 7 !n und]/ood1 b made me a ?9k] on bo?4 ,i ?\ght = myself almo/ f ! fir/1 & occasionally ?\ght diff]5tly f him1 ?\gh = a long "t only on m9or po9ts1 & mak+ 8 op9ion ! ultimate /&>d4 ,at a lat] p]iod ,i ev5 occasionally conv9c$ him1 & alt]$ 8 op9ion on "s po9ts ( detail3 :i* ,i /ate to 8 hon\r1 n my own4 ,x at once exemplifies 8 p]fect c&\r1 & ! real wor? ( 8 me?od ( tea*+4 ,at ?is po9t conclud$ :at c prop]ly be call$ my lessons3 :5 ,i 0 ab\t f\rte5 ,i left ,engl& = m ?an a ye>2 & aft] my return1 ?\gh my /udies w5t on "u my fa!r's g5]al direction1 he 0 no long] my s*oolma/]4 ,i %all !re=e pause "h1 & turn back to matt]s ( a m g5]al nature connect$ ) ! "p ( my life & education includ$ 9 ! prec$+ rem9isc5ces4 ,9 ! c\rse ( in/ruction :i* ,i h p>tially retrac$1 ! po9t mo/ sup]ficially app>5t is ! great ef=t to give1 dur+ ! ye>s ( *ildhood1 an am\nt ( k 9 :at are consid]$ ! high] bran*es ( education1 :i* is seldom acquir$ 7if acquir$ at all7 until ! age ( manhood4 ,! result ( ! exp]im5t %[s ! ease ) :i* ?is may be done1 & places 9 a /rong light ! wret*$ wa/e ( s _m preci\s ye>s z are sp5t 9 acquir+ ! modicum ( ,lat9 & ,greek commonly taught to s*oolboys2 a wa/e :i* has l$ s _m educational re=m]s to ent]ta9 ! ill-judg$ proposal ( disc>d+ ^! languages altoge!r f g5]al education4 ,if ,i _h be5 by nature extremely quick ( appreh5sion1 or _h possess$ a v accurate & ret5tive memory1 or 7 ( a rem>kably active & en]getic "*1 ! trial w\ld n be conclusive2 b 9 all ^! natural gifts ,i am r bel[ ?an above p>2 :at ,i c\ld d1 c\ld assur$ly be done by any boy or girl ( av]age capacity & heal?y physical con/itution3 & if ,i h accompli%$ any?+1 ,i owe x1 among o!r =tunate circum/ances1 to ! fact t ?r\gh ! e>ly tra9+ be/[$ on me by my fa!r1 ,i />t$1 ,i may fairly say1 ) an advantage ( a qu>t] ( a c5tury ov] my contempor>ies4 ,!re 0 "o c>d9al po9t 9 ?is tra9+1 ( :i* ,i h already giv5 "s indication1 & :i*1 m ?an any?+ else1 0 ! cause ( :atev] good x effect$4 ,mo/ boys or y\?s :o h _h mu* k drill$ into !m1 h _! m5tal capacities n /r5g!n$1 b ov]laid by x4 ,!y are cramm$ ) m]e facts1 & ) ! op9ions or phrases ( o!r p1 & ^! are accept$ z a sub/itute = ! p[] to =m op9ions ( _! own2 & ?us ! sons ( em95t fa!rs1 :o h sp>$ no pa9s 9 _! education1 s (t5 gr[ up m]e p>rot]s ( :at !y h le>nt1 incapable ( us+ _! m9ds except 9 ! furr[s trac$ = !m4 ,m9e1 h[ev]1 0 n an education ( cram4 ,my fa!r nev] p]mitt$ any?+ :i* ,i le>nt to deg5]ate into a m]e ex]cise ( memory4 ,he /rove to make ! und]/&+ n only g along ) e /ep ( ! tea*+1 b1 if possible1 prec$e x4 ,any?+ :i* c\ld be f\nd out by ?9k+ ,i nev] 0 told1 until ,i _h exhau/$ my ef=ts to f9d x out = myself4 ,z f> z ,i c tru/ my remembrance1 ,i acquitt$ myself v lamely 9 ?is dep>tm5t2 my recollection ( su* matt]s is almo/ :olly ( failures1 h>dly ev] ( success4 ,x is true ! failures 7 (t5 9 ?+s 9 :i* success1 9 s e>ly a /age ( my progress1 0 almo/ impossible4 ,i rememb] at "s "t 9 my ?irte5? ye>1 on my happ5+ to use ! ^w idea1 he ask$ me :at an idea 02 & express$ "s displeasure at my ineffectual ef=ts to def9e ! ^w3 ,i recollect also 8 indignation at my us+ ! common expression t some?+ 0 true 9 !ory b requir$ correction 9 practice2 & h[1 aft] mak+ me va9ly /rive to def9e ! ^w !ory1 he expla9$ its mean+1 & %[$ ! fallacy ( ! vulg> =m ( spee* :i* ,i _h us$2 leav+ me fully p]suad$ t 9 be+ unable to give a correct def9ition ( ,!ory1 & 9 speak+ ( x z some?+ :i* might be at v>iance ) practice1 ,i _h %[n unp>allel$ ignorance4 ,9 ?is he seems1 & p]haps 01 v unreasonable2 b ,i ?9k1 only 9 be+ angry at my failure4 ,a pupil f :om no?+ is ev] dem&$ :i* he _c d1 nev] does all he c4 ,"o ( ! evils mo/ liable to att5d on any sort ( e>ly pr(ici5cy1 & :i* (t5 fatally blights its promise1 my fa!r mo/ anxi\sly gu>d$ aga9/4 ,?is 0 self-conceit4 ,he kept me1 ) extreme vigilance1 out ( ! way ( he>+ myself prais$1 or ( be+ l$ to make self-flatt]+ comp>isons betwe5 myself & o!rs4 ,f 8 own int]c\rse ) me ,i c\ld d]ive none b a v humble op9ion ( myself2 & ! /&>d ( comp>ison he always held up to me1 0 n :at o!r p did1 b :at a man c\ld & ought to d4 ,he completely succe$$ 9 pres]v+ me f ! sort ( influ5ces he s mu* dread$4 ,i 0 n at all aw>e t my atta9m5ts 7 any?+ unusual at my age4 ,if ,i accid5tally _h my att5tion drawn to ! fact t "s o!r boy knew less ?an myself--:i* happ5$ less (t5 ?an might be imag9$--,i conclud$1 n t ,i knew mu*1 b t he1 = "s reason or o!r1 knew little1 or t 8 k 0 ( a diff]5t k9d f m9e4 ,my /ate ( m9d 0 n humility1 b nei!r 0 x arrogance4 ,i nev] ?\ght ( say+ to myself1 ,i am1 or ,i c d1 s & s4 ,i nei!r e/imat$ myself highly nor l[ly3 ,i did n e/imate myself at all4 ,if ,i ?\ght any?+ ab\t myself1 x 0 t ,i 0 r backw>d 9 my /udies1 s9ce ,i always f\nd myself s1 9 comp>ison ) :at my fa!r expect$ f me4 ,i ass]t ?is ) confid5ce1 ?\gh x 0 n ! impression ( v>i\s p]sons :o saw me 9 my *ildhood4 ,!y1 z ,i h s9ce f\nd1 ?\ght me greatly & disagreeably self-conceit$2 probably because ,i 0 disputati\s1 & did n scruple to give direct contradictions to ?+s :i* ,i he>d said4 ,i suppose ,i acquir$ ?is bad habit f hav+ be5 enc\rag$ 9 an unusual degree to talk on matt]s beyond my age1 & ) gr[n p]sons1 :ile ,i nev] _h inculcat$ on me ! usual respect = !m4 ,my fa!r did n correct ?is ill-bre$+ & imp]t95ce1 probably f n be+ aw>e ( x1 = ,i 0 always too mu* 9 awe ( him to be o!rwise ?an extremely subdu$ & quiet 9 8 pres5ce4 ,yet ) all ?is ,i _h no notion ( any sup]iority 9 myself2 & well 0 x = me t ,i _h n4 ,i rememb] ! v place 9 ,hyde ,p>k :]e1 9 my f\rte5? ye>1 on ! eve ( leav+ my fa!r's h\se = a long abs5ce1 he told me t ,i %\ld f9d1 z ,i got acqua9t$ ) new p1 t ,i _h be5 taught _m ?+s :i* y\?s ( my age did n commonly "k2 & t _m p]sons w\ld be dispos$ to talk to me ( ?is1 & to complim5t me ^u x4 ,:at o!r ?+s he said on ?is topic ,i rememb] v imp]fectly2 b he w\nd up by say+1 t :atev] ,i knew m ?an o!rs1 c\ld n be ascrib$ to any m]it 9 me1 b to ! v unusual advantage :i* _h fall5 to my lot1 ( hav+ a fa!r :o 0 able to tea* me1 & will+ to give ! necess>y tr\ble & "t2 t x 0 no matt] ( praise to me1 if ,i knew m ?an ^? :o _h n _h a simil> advantage1 b ! deepe/ disgrace to me if ,i did n4 ,i h a di/9ct remembrance1 t ! sugge/ion ?us = ! fir/ "t made to me1 t ,i knew m ?an o!r y\?s :o 7 consid]$ well educat$1 0 to me a piece ( in=mation1 to :i*1 z to all o!r ?+s :i* my fa!r told me1 ,i gave implicit cr$5ce1 b :i* did n at all impress me z a p]sonal matt]4 ,i felt no disposition to glorify myself ^u ! circum/ance t !re 7 o!r p]sons :o did n "k :at ,i knew2 nor _h ,i ev] flatt]$ myself t my acquirem5ts1 :atev] !y might be1 7 any m]it ( m9e3 b1 n[ :5 my att5tion 0 call$ to ! subject1 ,i felt t :at my fa!r _h said respect+ my peculi> advantages 0 exactly ! tru? & common s5se ( ! matt]1 & x fix$ my op9ion & feel+ f t "t =w>d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,moral ,,influ5ces ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,y\?4 ,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,"* ,,& ,,op9ions ,9 my education1 z 9 t ( ev]yone1 ! moral influ5ces1 :i* are s mu* m important ?an all o!rs1 are also ! mo/ complicat$1 & ! mo/ difficult to specify ) any approa* to complet5ess4 ,)\t attempt+ ! hopeless task ( detail+ ! circum/ances by :i*1 9 ?is respect1 my e>ly "* may h be5 %ap$1 ,i %all conf9e myself to a few lead+ po9ts1 :i* =m an indisp5sable "p ( any true acc\nt ( my education4 ,i 0 br\ght up f ! fir/ )\t any religi\s belief1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! t]m4 ,my fa!r1 educat$ 9 ! cre$ ( ,scot* ,presbyt]ianism1 _h by 8 own /udies & reflections be5 e>ly l$ to reject n only ! belief 9 ,revelation1 b ! f\ndations ( :at is commonly call$ ,natural ,religion4 ,i h he>d him say1 t ! turn+ po9t ( 8 m9d on ! subject 0 read+ ,butl]'s ,analogy4 ,t "w1 ( :i* he always cont9u$ to speak ) respect1 kept him1 z he said1 = "s consid]able "t1 a believ] 9 ! div9e au?ority ( ,*ri/ianity2 by prov+ to him t :atev] are ! difficulties 9 believ+ t ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts proce$ f1 or record ! acts (1 a p]fectly wise & good be+1 ! same & /ill great] difficulties /& 9 ! way ( ! belief1 t a be+ ( su* a "* c h be5 ! ,mak] ( ! univ]se4 ,he consid]$ ,butl]'s argum5t z conclusive aga9/ ! only oppon5ts = :om x 0 int5d$4 ,^? :o admit an omnipot5t z well z p]fectly j & b5evol5t mak] & rul] ( su* a _w z ?is1 c say little aga9/ ,*ri/ianity b :at c1 ) at lea/ equal =ce1 be retort$ aga9/ !mselves4 ,f9d+1 !re=e1 no halt+ place 9 ,deism1 he rema9$ 9 a /ate ( p]plexity1 until1 d\btless aft] _m /ruggles1 he yield$ to ! conviction1 t conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ?+s no?+ :atev] c be kn[n4 ,?is is ! only correct /atem5t ( 8 op9ion2 = dogmatic a!ism he look$ ^u z absurd2 z mo/ ( ^?1 :om ! _w has consid]$ ,a!i/s1 h always done4 ,^! p>ticul>s are important1 because !y %[ t my fa!r's rejection ( all t is call$ religi\s belief1 0 n1 z _m might suppose1 prim>ily a matt] ( logic & evid5ce3 ! gr\nds ( x 7 moral1 /ill m ?an intellectual4 ,he f\nd x impossible to believe t a _w s full ( evil 0 ! "w ( an ,au?or comb9+ inf9ite p[] ) p]fect goodness & righte\sness4 ,8 intellect spurn$ ! subtleties by :i* m5 attempt to bl9d !mselves to ?is op5 contradiction4 ,! ,sabaean1 or ,mani*aean !ory ( a ,good & an ,evil ,pr9ciple1 /ruggl+ aga9/ ea* o!r = ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se1 he w\ld n h equally condemn$2 & ,i h he>d him express surprise1 t no "o reviv$ x 9 our "t4 ,he w\ld h reg>d$ x z a m]e hypo!sis2 b he w\ld h ascrib$ to x no deprav+ influ5ce4 ,z x 01 8 av]sion to religion1 9 ! s5se usually atta*$ to ! t]m1 0 ( ! same k9d ) t ( ,lucretius3 he reg>d$ x ) ! feel+s due n to a m]e m5tal delusion1 b to a great moral evil4 ,he look$ ^u x z ! greate/ enemy ( morality3 fir/1 by sett+ up fictiti\s excell5ces--belief 9 cre$s1 devotional feel+s1 & c]emonies1 n connect$ ) ! good ( human-k9d--& caus+ ^! to be accept$ z sub/itutes = g5u9e virtues3 b above all1 by radically vitiat+ ! /&>d ( morals2 mak+ x consi/ 9 do+ ! w ( a be+1 on :om x lavi%es inde$ all ! phrases ( adulation1 b :om 9 sob] tru? x depicts z em95tly hateful4 ,i h a hundr$ times he>d him say t all ages & nations h repres5t$ _! gods z wick$1 9 a con/antly increas+ progression2 t mank9d h gone on add+ trait aft] trait till !y rea*$ ! mo/ p]fect conception ( wick$ness :i* ! human m9d c devise1 & h call$ ?is ,god1 & pro/rat$ !mselves be=e x4 ,?is ne plus ultra ( wick$ness he consid]$ to be embodi$ 9 :at is commonly pres5t$ to mank9d z ! cre$ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?9k 7he us$ to say7 ( a be+ :o w\ld make a ,hell--:o w\ld create ! human race ) ! infallible =ekn[l$ge1 & !re=e ) ! int5tion1 t ! great majority ( !m 7 to be consign$ to horrible & ev]la/+ torm5t4 ,! "t1 ,i believe1 is draw+ ne> :5 ?is dreadful conception ( an object ( wor%ip w be no long] id5tifi$ ) ,*ri/ianity2 & :5 all p]sons1 ) any s5se ( moral good & evil1 w look ^u x ) ! same indignation ) :i* my fa!r reg>d$ x4 ,my fa!r 0 z well aw>e z anyone t ,*ri/ians d n1 9 g5]al1 und]go ! demoraliz+ consequ5ces :i* seem inh]5t 9 su* a cre$1 9 ! mann] or to ! ext5t :i* might h be5 expect$ f x4 ,! same slov5l9ess ( ?\ght1 & subjection ( ! reason to fe>s1 wi%es1 & affections1 :i* enable !m to accept a !ory involv+ a contradiction 9 t]ms1 prev5ts !m f p]ceiv+ ! logical consequ5ces ( ! !ory4 ,su* is ! facility ) :i* mank9d believe at "o & ! same "t ?+s inconsi/5t ) "o ano!r1 & s few are ^? :o draw f :at !y receive z tru?s1 any consequ5ces b ^? recomm5d$ to !m by _! feel+s1 t multitudes h held ! und\bt+ belief 9 an ,omnipot5t ,au?or ( ,hell1 & h nev]!less id5tifi$ t be+ ) ! be/ conception !y 7 able to =m ( p]fect goodness4 ,_! wor%ip 0 n paid to ! demon :i* su* a be+ z !y imag9$ w\ld really be1 b to _! own ideal ( excell5ce4 ,! evil is1 t su* a belief keeps ! ideal wret*$ly l[2 & opposes ! mo/ ob/9ate resi/ance to all ?\ght :i* has a t5d5cy to raise x high]4 ,believ]s %r9k f e tra9 ( ideas :i* w\ld lead ! m9d to a cle> conception & an elevat$ /&>d ( excell5ce1 because !y feel 7ev5 :5 !y d n di/9ctly see7 t su* a /&>d w\ld conflict ) _m ( ! disp5sations ( nature1 & ) mu* ( :at !y are accu/om$ to consid] z ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,& ?us morality cont9ues a matt] ( bl9d tradition1 ) no consi/5t pr9ciple1 nor ev5 any consi/5t feel+1 to guide x4 ,x w\ld h be5 :olly inconsi/5t ) my fa!r's ideas ( duty1 to all[ me to acquire impressions contr>y to 8 convictions & feel+s respect+ religion3 & he impress$ ^u me f ! fir/1 t ! mann] 9 :i* ! _w came into exi/5ce 0 a subject on :i* no?+ 0 kn[n3 t ! "q1 ,:o made me8 _c be answ]$1 because we h no exp]i5ce or au!ntic in=mation f :i* to answ] x2 & t any answ] only ?r[s ! difficulty a /ep fur!r back1 s9ce ! "q imm$iately pres5ts itself1 ,:o made ,god8 ,he1 at ! same "t1 took c>e t ,i %\ld be acqua9t$ ) :at _h be5 ?\ght by mank9d on ^! imp5etrable problems4 ,i h m5tion$ at h[ e>ly an age he made me a read] ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory2 & he taught me to take ! /ronge/ int]e/ 9 ! ,re=mation1 z ! great & decisive conte/ aga9/ prie/ly tyranny = lib]ty ( ?\ght4 ,i am ?us "o ( ! v few examples1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ( "o :o has n ?r[n (f religi\s belief1 b nev] _h x3 ,i grew up 9 a negative /ate ) reg>d to x4 ,i look$ ^u ! mod]n exactly z ,i did ^u ! anci5t religion1 z some?+ :i* 9 no way conc]n$ me4 ,x did n seem to me m /range t ,engli% p %\ld believe :at ,i did n1 ?an t ! m5 ,i read ( 9 ,h]odotus %\ld h done s4 ,hi/ory _h made ! v>iety ( op9ions among mank9d a fact famili> to me1 & ?is 0 b a prolongation ( t fact4 ,?is po9t 9 my e>ly education _h1 h[ev]1 incid5tally "o bad consequ5ce des]v+ notice4 ,9 giv+ me an op9ion contr>y to t ( ! _w1 my fa!r ?\ght x necess>y to give x z "o :i* c\ld n prud5tly be av[$ to ! _w4 ,?is lesson ( keep+ my ?\ghts to myself1 at t e>ly age1 0 att5d$ ) "s moral disadvantages2 ?\gh my limit$ int]c\rse ) /rang]s1 especially su* z 7 likely to speak to me on religion1 prev5t$ me f be+ plac$ 9 ! alt]native ( av[al or hypocrisy4 ,i rememb] two occasions 9 my boyhood1 on :i* ,i felt myself 9 ?is alt]native1 & 9 bo? cases ,i av[$ my disbelief & def5d$ x4 ,my oppon5ts 7 boys1 consid]ably old] ?an myself3 "o ( !m ,i c]ta9ly /agg]$ at ! "t1 b ! subject 0 nev] r5ew$ betwe5 u3 ! o!r :o 0 surpris$ & some:at %ock$1 did 8 be/ to conv9ce me = "s "t1 )\t effect4 ,! great advance 9 lib]ty ( discussion1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important diff]5ces betwe5 ! pres5t "t & t ( my *ildhood1 has greatly alt]$ ! moralities ( ?is "q2 & ,i ?9k t few m5 ( my fa!r's intellect & public _s1 hold+ ) su* int5sity ( moral conviction z he did1 unpopul> op9ions on religion1 or on any o!r ( ! great subjects ( ?\ght1 w\ld n[ ei!r practise or inculcate ! )hold+ ( !m f ! _w1 unless 9 ! cases1 becom+ few] e day1 9 :i* frankness on ^! subjects w\ld ei!r risk ! loss ( means ( subsi/5ce1 or w\ld am\nt to exclusion f "s sph]e ( usefulness peculi>ly suitable to ! capacities ( ! individual4 ,on religion 9 p>ticul> ! "t appe>s to me to h come :5 x is ! duty ( all :o1 be+ qualifi$ 9 po9t ( k1 h on mature consid]ation satisfi$ !mselves t ! curr5t op9ions are n only false b hurtful1 to make _! diss5t kn[n2 at lea/1 if !y are among ^? ^: /ation or reputation gives _! op9ion a *ance ( be+ att5d$ to4 ,su* an av[al w\ld put an end1 at once & = ev]1 to ! vulg> prejudice1 t :at is call$1 v improp]ly1 unbelief1 is connect$ ) any bad qualities ei!r ( m9d or he>t4 ,! _w w\ld be a/oni%$ if x knew h[ great a proportion ( its brighte/ ornam5ts--( ^? mo/ di/+ui%$ ev5 9 popul> e/imation = wisdom & virtue--are complete sceptics 9 religion2 _m ( !m refra9+ f av[al1 less f p]sonal consid]ations ?an f a consci5ti\s1 ?\gh n[ 9 my op9ion a mo/ mi/ak51 appreh5sion1 le/ by speak+ out :at w\ld t5d to weak5 exi/+ beliefs1 & by consequ5ce 7z !y suppose7 exi/+ re/ra9ts1 !y %\ld d h>m in/ead ( good4 ,( unbeliev]s 7s call$7 z well z ( believ]s1 !re are _m species1 includ+ almo/ e v>iety ( moral type4 ,b ! be/ among !m1 z no "o :o has _h opportunities ( really kn[+ !m w hesitate to affirm1 are m g5u9ely religi\s1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w religion1 ?an ^? :o exclusively arrogate to !mselves ! title4 ,! lib]ality ( ! age1 or 9 o!r words ! weak5+ ( ! ob/9ate prejudice :i* makes m5 unable to see :at is be=e _! eyes because x is contr>y to _! expectations1 has caus$ x be v commonly admitt$ t a ,dei/ may be truly religi\s3 b if religion /&s = any graces ( "* & n = m]e dogma1 ! ass]tion may equally be made ( _m ^: belief is f> %ort ( ,deism4 ,?\gh !y may ?9k ! pro( incomplete t ! univ]se is a "w ( design1 & ?\gh !y assur$ly disbelieve t x c h an ,au?or & ,gov]nor :o is absolute 9 p[] z well z p]fect 9 goodness1 !y h t :i* con/itutes ! pr9cipal wor? ( all religions :atev]1 an ideal conception ( a ,p]fect ,be+1 to :i* !y habitually ref] z ! guide ( _! consci5ce2 & ?is ideal ( ,good is usually f> ne>] to p]fection ?an ! objective ,deity ( ^? :o ?9k !mselves oblig$ to f9d absolute goodness 9 ! au?or ( a _w s cr[d$ ) suff]+ & s de=m$ by inju/ice z ours4 ,my fa!r's moral convictions1 :olly dissev]$ f religion1 7 v mu* ( ! "* ( ^? ( ! ,greek philosoph]s2 & 7 deliv]$ ) ! =ce & decision :i* *>act]iz$ all t came f him4 ,ev5 at ! v e>ly age at :i* ,i read ) him ! ,memorabilia ( ,x5ophon1 ,i imbib$ f t "w & f 8 comm5ts a deep respect = ! "* ( ,socrates2 :o /ood 9 my m9d z a model ( ideal excell5ce3 & ,i well rememb] h[ my fa!r at t "t impress$ ^u me ! lesson ( ! ,*oice ( ,h]cules4 ,at a some:at lat] p]iod ! l(ty moral /&>d exhibit$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato op]at$ ^u me ) great =ce4 ,my fa!r's moral inculcations 7 at all times ma9ly ^? ( ! ,socratici viri2 ju/ice1 temp]ance 7to :i* he gave a v ext5d$ application71 v]acity1 p]sev]ance1 read9ess to enc\nt] pa9 & especially lab\r2 reg>d = ! public good2 e/imation ( p]sons accord+ to _! m]its1 & ( ?+s accord+ to _! intr9sic usefulness2 a life ( ex]tion 9 contradiction to "o ( self-indulg5t ease & slo?4 ,^! & o!r moralities he convey$ 9 brief s5t5ces1 utt]$ z occasion arose1 ( grave exhortation1 or /]n reprobation & contempt4 ,b ?\gh direct moral tea*+ does mu*1 indirect does m2 & ! effect my fa!r produc$ on my "*1 did n dep5d solely on :at he said or did ) t direct object1 b also1 & /ill m1 on :at mann] ( man he 04 ,9 8 views ( life he p>took ( ! "* ( ! ,/oic1 ! ,epicurean1 & ! ,cynic1 n 9 ! mod]n b ! anci5t s5se ( ! ^w4 ,9 8 p]sonal qualities ! ,/oic pr$om9at$4 ,8 /&>d ( morals 0 ,epicurean1 inasmu* z x 0 utilit>ian1 tak+ z ! exclusive te/ ( "r & wrong1 ! t5d5cy ( actions to produce pleasure or pa94 ,b he _h 7& ?is 0 ! ,cynic elem5t7 sc>cely any belief 9 pleasure2 at lea/ 9 8 lat] ye>s1 ( :i* alone1 on ?is po9t1 ,i c speak confid5tly4 ,he 0 n ins5sible to pleasures2 b he deem$ v few ( !m wor? ! price :i*1 at lea/ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society1 mu/ be paid = !m4 ,! great] numb] ( misc>riages 9 life he consid]$ to be attributable to ! ov]valu+ ( pleasures4 ,accord+ly1 temp]ance1 9 ! l>ge s5se int5d$ by ! ,greek philosoph]s --/opp+ %ort at ! po9t ( mod]ation 9 all indulg5ces--0 ) him1 z ) !m1 almo/ ! c5tral po9t ( educational precept4 ,8 inculcations ( ?is virtue fill a l>ge place 9 my *ildi% remembrances4 ,he ?\ght human life a poor ?+ at be/1 aft] ! fre%ness ( y\? & ( unsatisfi$ curiosity _h gone by4 ,?is 0 a topic on :i* he did n (t5 speak1 especially1 x may be suppos$1 9 ! pres5ce ( "y p]sons3 b :5 he did1 x 0 ) an air ( settl$ & pr(\nd conviction4 ,he w\ld sometimes say t if life 7 made :at x might be1 by good gov]nm5t & good education1 x w\ld be wor? hav+3 b he nev] spoke ) any?+ l en?usiasm ev5 ( t possibility4 ,he nev] v>i$ 9 rat+ intellectual enjoym5ts above all o!rs1 ev5 9 value z pleasures1 indep5d5tly ( _! ult]ior b5efits4 ,! pleasures ( ! b5evol5t affections he plac$ high 9 ! scale2 & us$ to say1 t he _h nev] kn[n a happy old man1 except ^? :o 7 able to live ov] aga9 9 ! pleasures ( ! "y4 ,= passionate emotions ( all sorts1 & = ev]y?+ :i* bas be5 said or writt5 9 exaltation ( !m1 he pr(ess$ ! greate/ contempt4 ,he reg>d$ !m z a =m ( madness4 ,! int5se 0 ) him a bye-^w ( scornful disapprobation4 ,he reg>d$ z an ab]ration ( ! moral /&>d ( mod]n times1 comp>$ ) t ( ! anci5ts1 ! great /ress laid ^u feel+4 ,feel+s1 z su*1 he consid]$ to be no prop] subjects ( praise or blame4 ,"r & wrong1 good & bad1 he reg>d$ z qualities solely ( conduct--( acts & omissions2 !re be+ no feel+ :i* may n lead1 & does n frequ5tly lead1 ei!r to good or to bad actions3 consci5ce itself1 ! v desire to act "r1 (t5 lead+ p to act wrong4 ,consi/5tly c>ry+ out ! doctr9e t ! object ( praise & blame %\ld be ! disc\ragem5t ( wrong conduct & ! enc\ragem5t ( "r1 he refus$ to let 8 praise or blame be influ5c$ by ! motive ( ! ag5t4 ,he blam$ z sev]ely :at he ?\ght a bad action1 :5 ! motive 0 a feel+ ( duty1 z if ! ag5ts _h be5 consci\sly evil do]s4 ,he w\ld n h accept$ z a plea 9 mitigation = inquisitors1 t !y s9c]ely believ$ burn+ h]etics to be an obligation ( consci5ce4 ,b ?\gh he did n all[ hone/y ( purpose to s(t5 8 disapprobation ( actions1 x _h its full effect on 8 e/imation ( *>act]s4 ,no "o priz$ consci5ti\sness & rectitude ( int5tion m highly1 or 0 m incapable ( valu+ any p]son 9 :om he did n feel assurance ( x4 ,b he dislik$ p q z mu* = any o!r defici5cy1 provid$ he ?\ght x equally likely to make !m act ill4 ,he dislik$1 = in/ance1 a fanatic 9 any bad cause1 z mu* z or m ?an "o :o adopt$ ! same cause f self-int]e/1 because he ?\ght him ev5 m likely to be practically mis*iev\s4 ,& ?us1 8 av]sion to _m intellectual errors1 or :at he reg>d$ z su*1 p>took1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ( ! "* ( a moral feel+4 ,all ?is is m]ely say+ t he1 9 a degree once common1 b n[ v unusual1 ?rew 8 feel+s into 8 op9ions2 :i* truly x is difficult to und]/& h[ anyone :o possesses mu* ( bo?1 c fail to d4 ,none b ^? :o d n c>e ab\t op9ions w conf\nd ?is ) intol]ance4 ,^? :o1 hav+ op9ions :i* !y hold to be imm5sely important1 & _! contr>ies to be prodigi\sly hurtful1 h any deep reg>d = ! g5]al good1 w necess>ily dislike1 z a class & 9 ! ab/ract1 ^? :o ?9k wrong :at !y ?9k "r1 & "r :at !y ?9k wrong3 ?\gh !y ne$ n !re=e be1 nor 0 my fa!r1 ins5sible to good qualities 9 an oppon5t1 nor gov]n$ 9 _! e/imation ( individuals by "o g5]al presumption1 in/ead ( by ! :ole ( _! "*4 ,i grant t an e>ne/ p]son1 be+ no m infallible ?an o!r m51 is liable to dislike p on acc\nt ( op9ions :i* d n m]it dislike2 b if he nei!r himself does !m any ill (fice1 nor connives at its be+ donc by o!rs1 he is n intol]ant3 & ! =be>ance :i* fl[s f a consci5ti\s s5se ( ! importance to mank9d ( ! equal fre$om ( all op9ions1 is ! only tol]ance :i* is comm5dable1 or1 to ! highe/ moral ord] ( m9ds1 possible4 ,x w be admitt$1 t a man ( ! op9ions1 & ! "*1 above describ$1 0 likely to leave a /rong moral impression on any m9d pr9cipally =m$ by him1 & t 8 moral tea*+ 0 n likely to err on ! side ( laxity or indulg5ce4 ,! elem5t :i* 0 *iefly defici5t 9 8 moral relation to 8 *ildr5 0 t ( t5d]ness4 ,i d n believe t ?is defici5cy lay 9 8 own nature4 ,i believe him to h _h mu* m feel+ ?an he habitually %[$1 & mu* great] capacities ( feel+ ?an 7 ev] develop$4 ,he resembl$ mo/ ,engli%m5 9 be+ a%am$ ( ! signs ( feel+1 &1 by ! abs5ce ( demon/ration1 />v+ ! feel+s !mselves4 ,if we consid] fur!r t he 0 9 ! try+ position ( sole tea*]1 & add to ?is t 8 temp] 0 con/itutionally irritable1 x is impossible n to feel true pity = a fa!r :o did1 & /rove to d1 s mu* = 8 *ildr51 :o w\ld h s valu$ _! affection1 yet :o mu/ h be5 con/antly feel+ t fe> ( him 0 dry+ x up at its s\rce4 ,?is 0 no long] ! case lat] 9 life1 & ) 8 y\ng] *ildr54 ,!y lov$ him t5d]ly3 & if ,i _c say s mu* ( myself1 ,i 0 always loyally devot$ to him4 ,z reg>ds my own education1 ,i hesitate to pron\nce :e!r ,i 0 m a los] or ga9] by 8 sev]ity4 ,x 0 n su* z to prev5t me f hav+ a happy *ildhood4 ,& ,i d n believe t boys c be induc$ to apply !mselves ) vig\r1 &--:at is s mu* m difficult--p]sev]ance1 to dry & irksome /udies1 by ! sole =ce ( p]suasion & s(t words4 ,mu* mu/ be done1 & mu* mu/ be le>nt1 by *ildr51 = :i* rigid discipl9e1 & kn[n liability to puni%m5t1 are indisp5sable z means4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 a v laudable ef=t1 9 mod]n tea*+1 to r5d] z mu* z possible ( :at ! "y are requir$ to le>n1 easy & int]e/+ to !m4 ,b :5 ?is pr9ciple is pu%$ to ! l5g? ( n requir+ !m to le>n any?+ b :at has be5 made easy & int]e/+1 "o ( ! *ief objects ( education is sacrific$4 ,i rejoice 9 ! decl9e ( ! old brutal & tyrannical sy/em ( tea*+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 did succe$ 9 en=c+ habits ( application2 b ! new1 z x seems to me1 is tra9+ up a race ( m5 :o w be incapable ( do+ any?+ :i* is disagreeable to !m4 ,i d n1 !n1 believe t fe>1 z an elem5t 9 education1 c be disp5s$ )2 b ,i am sure t x ought n to be ! ma9 elem5t2 & :5 x pr$om9ates s mu* z to preclude love & confid5ce on ! "p ( ! *ild to ^? :o %\ld be ! unres]v$ly tru/$ advis]s ( aft] ye>s1 & p]haps to seal up ! f\nta9s ( frank & spontane\s communicativ5ess 9 ! *ild's nature1 x is an evil = :i* a l>ge abatem5t mu/ be made f ! b5efits1 moral & intellectual1 :i* may fl[ f any o!r "p ( ! education4 ,dur+ ?is fir/ p]iod ( my life1 ! habitual frequ5t]s ( my fa!r's h\se 7 limit$ to a v few p]sons1 mo/ ( !m little kn[n to ! _w1 b :om p]sonal wor?1 & m or less ( cong5iality ) at lea/ 8 political op9ions 7n s frequ5tly to be met ) !n z s9ce71 incl9$ him to cultivate2 & 8 conv]sations ) !m ,i li/5$ to ) int]e/ & in/ruction4 ,my be+ an habitual inmate ( my fa!r's /udy made me acqua9t$ ) ! de>e/ ( 8 fri5ds1 ,david ,ric>do1 :o by 8 b5evol5t c\nt5ance1 & k9dl9ess ( mann]1 0 v attractive to "y p]sons1 & :o1 aft] ,i became a /ud5t ( political economy1 invit$ me to 8 h\se & to walk ) him 9 ord] to conv]se on ! subject4 ,i 0 a m frequ5t visitor 7f ab\t #ahag or #ahah7 to ,mr4 ,hume1 :o1 born 9 ! same "p ( ,scotl& z my fa!r1 & hav+ be51 ,i r ?9k1 a y\ng] s*oolfell[ or college companion ( 81 _h on return+ f ,india r5ew$ _! y\?ful acqua9tance1 & :o--com+1 l _m o!rs1 greatly "u ! influ5ce ( my fa!r's intellect & en]gy ( "*--0 induc$ p>tly by t influ5ce to g into ,p>liam5t1 & !re adopt ! l9e ( conduct :i* has giv5 him an hon\rable place 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry4 ,( ,mr4 ,b5?am ,i saw mu* m1 ow+ to ! close intimacy :i* exi/$ betwe5 him & my fa!r4 ,i d n "k h[ soon aft] my fa!r's fir/ arrival 9 ,engl& !y became acqua9t$4 ,b my fa!r 0 ! e>lie/ ,engli%man ( any great m>k1 :o ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & 9 ! ma9 adopt$1 ,b5?am's g5]al views ( e?ics1 gov]nm5t & law3 & ?is 0 a natural f\ndation = sympa?y betwe5 !m1 & made !m famili> companions 9 a p]iod ( ,b5?am's life dur+ :i* he admitt$ mu* few] visitors ?an 0 ! case subsequ5tly4 ,at ?is "t ,mr4 ,b5?am pass$ "s "p ( e ye> at ,b>r[ ,gre5 ,h\se1 9 a beautiful "p ( ! ,surrey ,hills1 a few miles f ,god/one1 & !re ,i ea* summ] accompani$ my fa!r 9 a long visit4 ,9 #ahac ,mr4 ,b5?am1 my fa!r1 & ,i made an excursion1 :i* includ$ ,ox=d1 ,ba? & ,bri/ol1 ,exet]1 ,plym\?1 & ,portsm\?4 ,9 ?is j\rney ,i saw _m ?+s :i* 7 in/ructive to me1 & acquir$ my fir/ ta/e = natural sc5]y1 9 ! elem5t>y =m ( fondness = a view4 ,9 ! succe$+ w9t] we mov$ into a h\se v ne> ,mr4 ,b5?am's1 :i* my fa!r r5t$ f him1 9 ,que5 ,squ>e1 ,we/m9/]4 ,f #ahad to #ahag ,mr4 ,b5?am liv$ dur+ half ( ea* ye> at ,=d ,abbey1 9 ,som]set%ire 7or r 9 a "p ( ,devon%ire surr\nd$ by ,som]set%ire71 :i* int]vals ,i _h ! advantage ( pass+ at t place4 ,?is soj\rn 01 ,i ?9k1 an important circum/ance 9 my education4 ,no?+ contributes m to n\ri% elevation ( s5tim5ts 9 a p1 ?an ! l>ge & free "* ( _! habitations4 ,! middle-age ar*itecture1 ! b>onial hall1 & ! spaci\s & l(ty rooms1 ( ?is f9e old place1 s unlike ! mean & cramp$ ext]nals ( ,engli% middle-class life1 gave ! s5tim5t ( a l>g] & fre] exi/5ce1 & 7 to me a sort ( poetic cultivation1 aid$ also by ! "* ( ! gr\nds 9 :i* ! ,abbey /ood2 :i* 7 riant & seclud$1 umbrage\s1 & full ( ! s\nd ( fall+ wat]s4 ,i ow$ ano!r ( ! =tunate circum/ances 9 my education1 a ye>'s resid5ce 9 ,france1 to ,mr4 ,b5?am's bro!r1 ,g5]al ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am4 ,i _h se5 ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am & 8 family at _! h\se ne> ,gosport 9 ! c\rse ( ! t\r already m5tion$ 7he be+ !n ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,docky>d at ,portsm\?71 & dur+ a /ay ( a few days :i* !y made at ,=d ,abbey %ortly aft] ! ,peace1 be=e go+ to live on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 #ahbj !y invit$ me = a six mon?s' visit to !m 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france1 :i* _! k9dness ultimately prolong$ to ne>ly a twelvemon?4 ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am1 ?\gh ( a "* ( m9d diff]5t f t ( 8 illu/ri\s bro!r1 0 a man ( v consid]able atta9m5ts & g5]al p[]s1 ) a decid$ g5ius = me*anical art4 ,8 wife1 a daught] ( ! celebrat$ *emi/1 ,dr4 ,=dyce1 0 a woman ( /rong w & decid$ "*1 mu* g5]al k1 & great practical good s5se ( ! ,edgewor? k9d3 %e 0 ! rul+ _s ( ! h\sehold1 z %e des]v$1 & 0 well qualifi$1 to be4 ,_! family consi/$ ( "o son 7! em95t botani/7 & ?ree daught]s1 ! y\nge/ ab\t two ye>s my s5ior4 ,i am indebt$ to !m = mu* & v>i\s in/ruction1 & = an almo/ p>5tal int]e/ 9 my welf>e4 ,:5 ,i fir/ jo9$ !m1 9 ,may1 #ahbj1 !y occupi$ ! ,*teau ( ,pompignan 7/ill belong+ to a desc5dant ( ,voltaire's enemy7 on ! heights ov]look+ ! pla9 ( ! ,g>onne betwe5 ,montauban & ,t\l\se4 ,i accompani$ !m 9 an excursion to ! ,pyr5ees1 includ+ a /ay ( "s duration at ,bagnres de ,bigorre1 a j\rney to ,pau1 ,bayonne1 & ,bagnres de ,lu*on1 & an asc5t ( ! ,pic du ,midi de ,bigorre4 ,?is fir/ introduction to ! highe/ ord] ( m\nta9 sc5]y made ! deepe/ impression on me1 & gave a col\r to my ta/es ?r\gh life4 ,9 ,octob] we proce$$ by ! beautiful m\nta9 r\te ( ,ca/res & ,/4 ,pons1 f ,t\l\se to ,montpelli]1 9 :i* la/ neighb\rhood ,sir ,samuel _h j b\ght ! e/ate ( ,re/9clire1 ne> ! foot ( ! s+ul> m\nta9 ( ,/4 ,l\p4 ,dur+ ?is resid5ce 9 ,france ,i acquir$ a famili> k ( ! ,fr5* language1 & acqua9tance ) ! ord9>y ,fr5* lit]ature2 ,i took lessons 9 v>i\s bodily ex]cises1 9 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i made any pr(ici5cy2 & at ,montpelli] ,i att5d$ ! excell5t w9t] c\rses ( lectures at ! ,facult des ,sci5ces1 ^? ( ,m4 ,anglada on *emi/ry1 ( ,m4 ,prov5al on zoology1 & ( a v accompli%$ repres5tative ( ! eighte5? c5tury metaphysics1 ,m4 ,g]gonne1 on logic1 "u ! "n ( ,philosophy ( ! ,sci5ces4 ,i also w5t ?r\gh a c\rse ( ! high] ma!matics "u ! private tuition ( ,m4 ,l5?ric1 a pr(essor at ! ,lyce ( ,montpelli]4 ,b ! greate/1 p]haps1 ( ! _m advantages :i* ,i ow$ to ?is episode 9 my education1 0 t ( hav+ brea!d = a :ole ye>1 ! free & g5ial atmosph]e ( ,cont95tal life4 ,?is advantage 0 n ! less real ?\gh ,i c\ld n !n e/imate1 nor ev5 consci\sly feel x4 ,hav+ s little exp]i5ce ( ,engli% life1 & ! few p ,i knew be+ mo/ly su* z _h public objects1 ( a l>ge & p]sonally dis9t]e/$ k9d1 at he>t1 ,i 0 ignorant ( ! l[ moral tone ( :at1 9 ,engl&1 is call$ society2 ! habit (1 n inde$ pr(ess+1 b tak+ = grant$ 9 e mode ( implication1 t conduct is ( c\rse always direct$ t[>ds l[ & petty objects2 ! abs5ce ( high feel+s :i* manife/s itself by sne]+ depreciation ( all demon/rations ( !m1 & by g5]al ab/95ce 7except among a few ( ! /rict] religioni/s7 f pr(ess+ any high pr9ciples ( action at all1 except 9 ^? preorda9$ cases 9 :i* su* pr(ession is put on z "p ( ! co/ume & =malities ( ! occasion4 ,i c\ld n !n "k or e/imate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is mann] ( exi/5ce1 & t ( a p l ! ,fr5*1 ^: faults1 if equally real1 are at all ev5ts diff]5t2 among :om s5tim5ts1 :i* by comp>ison at lea/ may be call$ elevat$1 are ! curr5t co9 ( human int]c\rse1 bo? 9 books & 9 private life2 & ?\gh (t5 evaporat+ 9 pr(ession1 are yet kept alive 9 ! nation at l>ge by con/ant ex]cise1 & /imulat$ by sympa?y1 s z to =m a liv+ & active "p ( ! exi/5ce ( great numb]s ( p]sons1 & to be recognis$ & und]/ood by all4 ,nei!r c\ld ,i !n appreciate ! g5]al culture ( ! und]/&+1 :i* results f ! habitual ex]cise ( ! feel+s1 & is ?us c>ri$ d[n into ! mo/ un$ucat$ classes ( sev]al c\ntries on ! ,cont95t1 9 a degree n equall$ 9 ,engl& among ! s-call$ educat$1 except :]e an unusual t5d]ness ( consci5ce leads to a habitual ex]cise ( ! intellect on que/ions ( "r & wrong4 ,i did n "k ! way 9 :i*1 among ! ord9>y ,engli%1 ! abs5ce ( int]e/ 9 ?+s ( an unselfi% k9d1 except occasionally 9 a special ?+ "h & !re1 & ! habit ( n speak+ to o!rs1 nor mu* ev5 to !mselves1 ab\t ! ?+s 9 :i* !y d feel int]e/1 causes bo? _! feel+s & _! intellectual faculties to rema9 undevelop$1 or to develop !mselves only 9 "s s+le & v limit$ direction2 r$uc+ !m1 consid]$ z spiritual be+s1 to a k9d ( negative exi/5ce4 ,all ^! ?+s ,i did n p]ceive till long aft]w>ds2 b ,i ev5 !n felt1 ?\gh )\t /at+ x cle>ly to myself1 ! contra/ betwe5 ! frank sociability & amiability ( ,fr5* p]sonal int]c\rse1 & ! ,engli% mode ( exi/5ce1 9 :i* ev]ybody acts z if ev]ybody else 7) few1 or no exceptions7 0 ei!r an enemy or a bore4 ,9 ,france1 x is true1 ! bad z well z ! good po9ts1 bo? ( individual & ( national "*1 come m to ! surface1 & break out m fe>lessly 9 ord9>y int]c\rse1 ?an 9 ,engl&3 b ! g5]al habit ( ! p is to %[1 z well z to expect1 fri5dly feel+ 9 e "o t[>ds e o!r1 :]ev] !re is n "s positive cause = ! opposite4 ,9 ,engl& x is only ( ! be/ br$ p1 9 ! upp] or upp] middle ranks1 t any?+ l ?is c be said4 ,9 my way ?r\gh ,p>is1 bo? go+ & return+1 ,i pass$ "s "t 9 ! h\se ( ,m4 ,say1 ! em95t political economi/1 :o 0 a fri5d & correspond5t ( my fa!r1 hav+ become acqua9t$ ) him on a visit to ,engl& a ye> or two aft] ! ,peace4 ,he 0 a man ( ! lat] p]iod ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 a f9e specim5 ( ! be/ k9d ( ,fr5* ,republican1 "o ( ^? :o _h nev] b5t ! knee to ,bonap>te ?\gh c\rt$ by him to d s2 a truly upright1 brave1 & enlight5$ man4 ,he liv$ a quiet & /udi\s life1 made happy by w>m affections1 public & private4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) _m ( ! *iefs ( ! ,lib]al p>ty1 & ,i saw v>i\s notewor?y p]sons :ile /ay+ at ?is h\se2 among :om ,i h pleasure 9 ! recollection ( hav+ once se5 ,sa9t-,simon1 n yet ! f\nd] ei!r ( a philosophy or a religion1 & consid]$ only z a clev] orig9al4 ,! *ief fruit :i* ,i c>ri$ away f ! society ,i saw1 0 a /rong & p]man5t int]e/ 9 ,cont95tal ,lib]alism1 ( :i* ,i ev] aft]w>ds kept myself au c\rant1 z mu* z ( ,engli% politics3 a ?+ n at all usual 9 ^? days ) ,engli%m51 & :i* _h a v salut>y influ5ce on my developm5t1 keep+ me free f ! error always preval5t 9 ,engl&--& f :i* ev5 my fa!r1 ) all 8 sup]iority to prejudice1 0 n exempt--( judg+ univ]sal que/ions by a m]ely ,engli% /&>d4 ,aft] pass+ a few weeks at ,ca5 ) an old fri5d ( my fa!r's1 ,i return$ to ,engl& 9 ,july1 #ahba & my education resum$ its ord9>y c\rse4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,la/ ,,/age ,,( ,,education1 ,,& ,,fir/ ,,( ,,self-,,education ,= ! fir/ ye> or two aft] my visit to ,france1 ,i cont9u$ my old /udies1 ) ! addition ( "s new ones4 ,:5 ,i return$1 my fa!r 0 j f9i%+ = ! press 8 ,elem5ts ( ,political ,economy1 & he made me p]=m an ex]cise on ! manuscript1 :i* ,mr4 ,b5?am practis$ on all 8 own writ+s1 mak+ :at he call$ m>g9al cont5ts2 a %ort ab/ract ( e p>agraph1 to enable ! writ] m easily to judge (1 & improve1 ! ord] ( ! ideas1 & ! g5]al "* ( ! exposition4 ,soon aft]1 my fa!r put into my h&s ,condillac's ,trait des ,s5sations1 & ! logical & metaphysical volumes ( 8 ,c\rs d',etudes2 ! fir/ 7not)/&+ ! sup]ficial resemblance betwe5 ,condillac's psy*ological sy/em & my fa!r's7 q z mu* = a w>n+ z = an example4 ,i am n sure :e!r x 0 9 ?is w9t] or ! next t ,i fir/ read a hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,i le>nt ) a/oni%m5t t ! pr9ciples ( democracy1 !n app>5tly 9 s insignificant & hopeless a m9ority ev]y:]e 9 ,europe1 _h borne all be=e !m 9 ,france ?irty ye>s e>li]1 & _h be5 ! cre$ ( ! nation4 ,z may be suppos$ f ?is1 ,i _h previ\sly a v vague idea ( t great commotion4 ,i knew only t ! ,fr5* _h ?r[n (f ! absolute mon>*y ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41 _h put ! ,k+ & ,que5 to dea?1 guillot9$ _m p]sons1 "o ( :om 0 ,lavoisi]1 & _h ultimately fall5 "u ! despotism ( ,bonap>te4 ,f ?is "t1 z 0 natural1 ! subject took an imm5se hold ( my feel+s4 ,x alli$ itself ) all my juv5ile aspirations to ! "* ( a democratic *ampion4 ,:at _h happ5$ s lately1 seem$ z if x might easily happ5 aga93 & ! mo/ transc5d5t glory ,i 0 capable ( conceiv+1 0 t ( figur+1 successful or unsuccessful1 z a ,girondi/ 9 an ,engli% ,conv5tion4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahba-b1 ,mr4 ,john ,au/91 ) :om at ! "t ( my visit to ,france my fa!r _h b lately become acqua9t$1 k9dly all[$ me to read ,roman law ) him4 ,my fa!r1 not)/&+ 8 abhorr5ce ( ! *aos ( b>b>ism call$ ,engli% ,law1 _h turn$ 8 ?\ghts t[>ds ! b> z on ! :ole less ineligible = me ?an any o!r pr(ession3 & ^! read+s ) ,mr4 ,au/91 :o _h made ,b5?am's be/ ideas 8 own1 & add$ mu* to !m f o!r s\rces & f 8 own m9d1 7 n only a valuable introduction to legal /udies1 b an important portion ( g5]al education4 ,) ,mr4 ,au/9 ,i read ,he9eccius on ! ,in/itutes1 8 ,roman ,antiquities1 & "p ( 8 exposition ( ! ,p&ects2 to :i* 0 add$ a consid]able portion ( ,black/one4 ,x 0 at ! comm5cem5t ( ^! /udies t my fa!r1 z a ne$ful accompanim5t to !m1 put into my h&s ,b5?am's pr9cipal speculations1 z int]pret$ to ! ,cont95t1 & inde$ to all ! _w1 by ,dumont1 9 ! ,trait de ,lgislation4 ,! read+ ( ?is book 0 an epo* 9 my life2 "o ( ! turn+ po9ts 9 my m5tal hi/ory4 ,my previ\s education _h be51 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 already a c\rse ( ,b5?amism4 ,! ,b5?amic /&>d ( ! greate/ happ9ess 0 t :i* ,i _h always be5 taught to apply2 ,i 0 ev5 famili> ) an ab/ract discussion ( x1 =m+ an episode 9 an unpubli%$ dialogue on ,gov]nm5t1 writt5 by my fa!r on ! ,platonic model4 ,yet 9 ! fir/ pages ( ,b5?am x bur/ ^u me ) all ! =ce ( novelty4 ,:at ?us impress$ me 0 ! *apt] 9 :i* ,b5?am pass$ judgm5t on ! common modes ( reason+ 9 morals & legislation1 d$uc$ f phrases l law ( nature1 "r reason1 ! moral s5se1 natural rectitude1 & ! l1 & *>act]iz$ !m z dogmatism 9 disguise1 impos+ its s5tim5ts ^u o!rs "u cov] ( s\nd+ expressions :i* convey no reason = ! s5tim5t1 b set up ! s5tim5t z its own reason4 ,x _h n /ruck me be=e1 t ,b5?am's pr9ciple put an end to all ?is4 ,! feel+ ru%$ ^u me1 t all previ\s morali/s 7 sup]s$$1 & t "h inde$ 0 ! comm5cem5t ( a new era 9 ?\ght4 ,?is impression 0 /r5g!n$ by ! mann] 9 :i* ,b5?am put into sci5tific =m ! application ( ! happ9ess pr9ciple to ! morality ( actions1 by analys+ ! v>i\s classes & ord]s ( _! consequ5ces4 ,b :at /ruck me at t "t mo/ ( all1 0 ! ,classification ( ,(f5ces1 :i* is mu* m cle>1 compact1 & impos+ 9 ,dumont's rdaction ?an 9 ! orig9al "w ( ,b5?am f :i* x 0 tak54 ,logic & ! dialectics ( ,plato1 :i* _h =m$ s l>ge a "p ( my previ\s tra9+1 _h giv5 me a /rong reli% = accurate classification4 ,?is ta/e _h be5 /r5g!n$ & enlight5$ by ! /udy ( botany1 on ! pr9ciples ( :at is call$ ! ,natural ,me?od1 :i* ,i _h tak5 up ) great zeal1 ?\gh only z an amusem5t1 dur+ my /ay 9 ,france2 & :5 ,i f\nd sci5tific classification appli$ to ! great & complex subject ( ,puni%able ,acts1 "u ! guidance ( ! e?ical pr9ciple ( ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,consequ5ces1 foll[$ out 9 ! me?od ( detail introduc$ into ^! subjects by ,b5?am1 ,i felt tak5 up to an em95ce f :i* ,i c\ld survey a va/ m5tal doma91 & see /ret*+ out into ! di/ance intellectual results beyond all computation4 ,z ,i proce$$ fur!r1 !re seem$ to be add$ to ?is intellectual cle>ness1 ! mo/ inspir+ prospects ( practical improvem5t 9 human affairs4 ,to ,b5?am's g5]al view ( ! con/ruction ( a body ( law ,i 0 n altoge!r a /rang]1 hav+ read ) att5tion t admirable comp5dium1 my fa!r's article on ,jurisprud5ce3 b ,i _h read x ) little pr(it1 & sc>cely any int]e/1 no d\bt f its extremely g5]al & ab/ract "*1 & also because x conc]n$ ! =m m ?an ! sub/ance ( ! corpus juris1 ! logic r ?an ! e?ics ( law4 ,b ,b5?am's subject 0 ,legislation1 ( :i* ,jurisprud5ce is only ! =mal "p3 & at e page he seem$ to op5 a cle>] & broad] conception ( :at human op9ions & in/itutions ought to be1 h[ !y might be made :at !y ought to be1 & h[ f> remov$ f x !y n[ are4 ,:5 ,i laid d[n ! la/ volume ( ! ,trait1 ,i _h become a diff]5t be+4 ,! pr9ciple ( utility1 und]/ood z ,b5?am und]/ood x1 & appli$ 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he appli$ x ?r\gh ^! ?ree volumes1 fell exactly into its place z ! key/one :i* held toge!r ! deta*$ & fragm5t>y compon5t p>ts ( my k & beliefs4 ,x gave unity to my conceptions ( ?+s4 ,i n[ _h op9ions2 a cre$1 a doctr9e1 a philosophy2 9 "o among ! be/ s5ses ( ! ^w1 a religion2 ! inculcation & diffusion ( :i* c\ld be made ! pr9cipal outw>d purpose ( a life4 ,& ,i _h a gr& conception laid be=e me ( *anges to be effect$ 9 ! condition ( mank9d ?r\gh t doctr9e4 ,! ,trait de ,legislation w\nd up ) :at 0 to me a mo/ impressive picture ( human life z x w\ld be made by su* op9ions & su* laws z 7 recomm5d$ 9 ! treatise4 ,! anticipations ( practicable improvem5t 7 /udi\sly mod]ate1 deprecat+ & disc\nt5anc+ z rev]ies ( vague en?usiasm _m ?+s :i* w "o day seem s natural to human be+s1 t inju/ice w probably be done to ^? :o once ?\ght !m *im]ical4 ,b1 9 my /ate ( m9d1 ?is appe>ance ( sup]iority to illusion add$ to ! effect :i* ,b5?am's doctr9es produc$ on me1 by height5+ ! impression ( m5tal p[]1 & ! vi/a ( improvem5t :i* he did op5 0 suffici5tly l>ge & brilliant to light up my life1 z well z to give a def9ite %ape to my aspirations4 ,aft] ?is ,i read1 f "t to "t1 ! mo/ important ( ! o!r works ( ,b5?am :i* _h !n se5 ! light1 ei!r z writt5 by himself or z edit$ by ,dumont4 ,?is 0 my private read+3 :ile1 "u my fa!r's direction1 my /udies 7 c>ri$ into ! high] bran*es ( analytic psy*ology4 ,i n[ read ,locke's ,essay1 & wrote out an acc\nt ( x1 consi/+ ( a complete ab/ract ( e *apt]1 ) su* rem>ks z occurr$ to me2 :i* 0 read by1 or 7,i ?9k7 to1 my fa!r1 & discuss$ ?r\gh\t4 ,i p]=m$ ! same process ) ,helvetius de ,l',esprit1 :i* ,i read ( my own *oice4 ,?is prep>ation ( ab/racts1 subject to my fa!r's c5sor%ip1 0 ( great s]vice to me1 by compell+ precision 9 conceiv+ & express+ psy*ological doctr9es1 :e!r accept$ z tru?s or only reg>d$ z ! op9ion ( o!rs4 ,aft] ,helvetius1 my fa!r made me /udy :at he deem$ ! really ma/]-production 9 ! philosophy ( m9d1 ,h>tley's ,obs]vations on ,man4 ,?is book1 ?\gh x did n1 l ! ,trait de ,lgislation1 give a new col\r to my exi/5ce1 made a v simil> impression on me 9 reg>d to its imm$iate subject4 ,h>tley's explanation1 incomplete z 9 _m po9ts x is1 ( ! m complex m5tal ph5om5a by ! law ( association1 comm5d$ itself to me at once z a real analysis1 & made me feel by contra/ ! insuffici5cy ( ! m]ely v]bal g5]alizations ( ,condillac1 & ev5 ( ! in/ructive grop+s & feel+s ab\t = psy*ological explanations1 ( ,locke4 ,x 0 at ?is v "t t my fa!r comm5c$ writ+ 8 ,analysis ( ! ,m9d1 :i* c>ri$ ,h>tley's mode ( expla9+ ! m5tal ph5om5a to s mu* great] l5g? & dep?4 ,he c\ld only comm& ! conc5tration ( ?\ght necess>y = ?is "w1 dur+ ! complete leisure ( 8 holiday = a mon? or six weeks annually3 & he comm5c$ x 9 ! summ] ( #ahbb1 9 ! fir/ holiday he pass$ at ,dork+2 9 :i* neighb\rhood1 f t "t to ! end ( 8 life1 ) ! exception ( two ye>s1 he liv$1 z f> z 8 (ficial duties p]mitt$1 = six mon?s ( e ye>4 ,he work$ at ! ,analysis dur+ sev]al successive vacations1 up to ! ye> #ahbi1 :5 x 0 publi%$1 & all[$ me to read ! manuscript1 portion by portion1 z x advanc$4 ,! o!r pr9cipal ,engli% writ]s on m5tal philosophy ,i read z ,i felt incl9$1 p>ticul>ly ,b]keley1 ,hume's ,essays1 ,reid1 ,dugald ,/ew>t & ,br[n on ,cause & ,effect4 ,br[n's ,lectures ,i did n read until two or ?ree ye>s lat]1 nor at t "t _h my fa!r himself read !m4 ,among ! works read 9 ! c\rse ( ?is ye>1 :i* contribut$ mat]ially to my developm5t1 ,i owe x to m5tion a book 7writt5 on ! f\ndation ( "s ( ,b5?am's manuscripts & publi%$ "u ! pseudonyme ( ,philip ,beau*amp7 entitl$ ,analysis ( ! ,influ5ce ( ,natural ,religion on ! ,temporal ,happ9ess ( ,mank9d4 ,?is 0 an exam9ation n ( ! tru?1 b ( ! usefulness ( religi\s belief1 9 ! mo/ g5]al s5se1 ap>t f ! peculi>ities ( any special revelation2 :i*1 ( all ! p>ts ( ! discussion conc]n+ religion1 is ! mo/ important 9 ?is age1 9 :i* real belief 9 any religi\s doctr9e is feeble & prec>i\s1 b ! op9ion ( its necessity = moral & social purposes almo/ univ]sal2 & :5 ^? :o reject revelation1 v g5]ally take refuge 9 an optimi/ic ,deism1 a wor%ip ( ! ord] ( ,nature1 & ! suppos$ c\rse ( ,provid5ce1 at lea/ z full ( contradictions1 & p]v]t+ to ! moral s5tim5ts1 z any ( ! =ms ( ,*ri/ianity1 if only x is z completely realiz$4 ,yet v little1 ) any claim to a philosophical "*1 has be5 writt5 by sceptics aga9/ ! usefulness ( ?is =m ( belief4 ,! volume be>+ ! "n ( ,philip ,beau*amp _h ?is = its special object4 ,hav+ be5 %[n to my fa!r 9 manuscript1 x 0 put into my h&s by him1 & ,i made a m>g9al analysis ( x z ,i _h done ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,political ,economy4 ,next to ! ,trait de ,lgislation1 x 0 "o ( ! books :i* by ! se>*+ "* ( its analysis produc$ ! greate/ effect ^u me4 ,on read+ x lately aft] an int]val ( _m ye>s1 ,i f9d x to h "s ( ! defects z well z ! m]its ( ! ,b5?amic modes ( ?\ght1 & to conta91 z ,i n[ ?9k1 _m weak argum5ts1 b ) a great ov]balance ( s\nd ones1 & mu* good mat]ial = a m completely philosophic & conclusive treatm5t ( ! subject4 ,i h n[1 ,i believe1 m5tion$ all ! books :i* _h any consid]able effect on my e>ly m5tal developm5t4 ,f ?is po9t ,i began to c>ry on my intellectual cultivation by writ+ /ill m ?an by read+4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahbb ,i wrote my fir/ argum5tative essay4 ,i rememb] v little ab\t x1 except t x 0 an attack on :at ,i reg>d$ z ! ari/ocratic prejudice1 t ! ri* 71 or 7 likely to be1 sup]ior 9 moral qualities to ! poor4 ,my p]=mance 0 entirely argum5tative1 )\t any ( ! declamation :i* ! subject w\ld admit (1 & might be expect$ to sugge/ to a "y writ]4 ,9 t dep>tm5t1 h[ev]1 ,i 01 & rema9$1 v inapt4 ,dry argum5t 0 ! only ?+ ,i c\ld1 manage1 or will+ly attempt$2 ?\gh passively ,i 0 v susceptible to ! effect ( all composition1 :e!r 9 ! =m ( poetry or oratory1 :i* appeal$ to ! feel+s on any basis ( reason4 ,my fa!r1 :o knew no?+ ( ?is essay until x 0 f9i%$1 0 well satisfi$1 &1 z ,i le>nt f o!rs1 ev5 pleas$ ) x2 b1 p]haps f a desire to promote ! ex]cise ( o!r m5tal faculties ?an ! purely logical1 he advis$ me to make my next ex]cise 9 composition "o ( ! oratorical k9d2 on :i* sugge/ion1 avail+ myself ( my famili>ity ) ,greek hi/ory & ideas1 & ) ! ,a!nian orators1 ,i wrote two spee*es1 "o an accusation1 ! o!r a def5ce ( ,p]icles1 on a suppos$ impea*m5t = n m>*+ out to fight ! ,lac$emonians on _! invasion ( ,attica4 ,aft] ?is ,i cont9u$ to write pap]s on subjects (t5 v mu* beyond my capacity1 b ) great b5efit bo? f ! ex]cise itself1 & f ! discussions :i* x l$ to ) my fa!r4 ,i _h n[ also begun to conv]se1 on g5]al subjects1 ) ! in/ruct$ m5 ) :om ,i came 9 contact3 & ! opportunities ( su* contact naturally became m num]\s4 ,! two fri5ds ( my fa!r f :om ,i d]iv$ mo/1 & ) :om ,i mo/ associat$1 7 ,mr4 ,grote & ,mr4 ,john ,au/94 ,! acqua9tance ( bo? ) my fa!r 0 rec5t1 b _h rip5$ rapidly into intimacy4 ,mr4 ,grote 0 introduc$ to my fa!r by ,mr4 ,ric>do1 ,i ?9k 9 #ahai 7be+ !n ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s old71 & s\ght assidu\sly 8 society & conv]sation4 ,already a highly in/ruct$ man1 he 0 yet1 by ! side ( my fa!r1 a tyro 9 ! great subjects ( human op9ion2 b he rapidly seiz$ on my fa!r's be/ ideas2 & 9 ! dep>tm5t ( political op9ion he made himself kn[n z e>ly z #ahbj1 by a pamphlet 9 def5ce ( ,radical ,re=m1 9 reply to a celebrat$ article by ,sir ,james ,mack9to%1 !n lately publi%$ 9 he ,ed9burgh ,review4 ,mr4 ,grote's fa!r1 ! bank]1 01 ,i believe1 a ?or\gh ,tory1 & 8 "m int5sely ,evangelical2 s t = 8 lib]al op9ions he 0 9 no way indebt$ to home influ5ces4 ,b1 unlike mo/ p]sons :o h ! prospect ( be+ ri* by inh]itance1 he _h1 ?\gh actively engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( bank+1 devot$ a great portion ( "t to philosophic /udies2 & 8 intimacy ) my fa!r did mu* to decide ! "* ( ! next /age 9 8 m5tal progress4 ,him ,i (t5 visit$1 & my conv]sations ) him on political1 moral1 & philosophical subjects gave me1 9 addition to mu* valuable in/ruction1 all ! pleasure & b5efit ( sympa!tic communion ) a man ( ! high intellectual & moral em95ce :i* 8 life & writ+s h s9ce manife/$ to ! _w4 ,mr4 ,au/91 :o 0 f\r or five ye>s old] ?an ,mr4 ,grote1 0 ! elde/ son ( a retir$ mill] 9 ,suffolk1 :o _h made money by contracts dur+ ! w>1 & :o mu/ h be5 a man ( rem>kable qualities1 z ,i inf] f ! fact t all 8 sons 7 ( m ?an common ability & all em95tly g5tlem54 ,! "o ) :om we are n[ conc]n$1 & ^: writ+s on jurisprud5ce h made him celebrat$1 0 = "s "t 9 ! army1 & s]v$ 9 ,sicily "u ,"l ,william ,b5t9ck4 ,aft] ! ,peace he sold 8 commission & /udi$ = ! b>1 to :i* he _h be5 call$ = "s "t be=e my fa!r knew him4 ,he 0 n1 l ,mr4 ,grote1 to any ext5t1 a pupil ( my fa!r1 b he _h atta9$1 by read+ & ?\ght1 a consid]able numb] ( ! same op9ions1 modifi$ by 8 own v decid$ individuality ( "*4 ,he 0 a man ( great intellectual p[]s1 :i* 9 conv]sation appe>$ at _! v be/2 f ! vig\r & ri*ness ( expression ) :i*1 "u ! excitem5t ( discussion1 he 0 accu/om$ to ma9ta9 "s view or o!r ( mo/ g5]al subjects2 & f an appe>ance ( n only /rong1 b delib]ate & collect$ w2 mix$ ) a c]ta9 bitt]ness1 p>tly d]iv$ f temp]am5t1 & p>tly f ! g5]al ca/ ( 8 feel+s & reflections4 ,! dissatisfaction ) life & ! _w1 felt m or less 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society & intellect by e disc]n+ & highly consci5ti\s m9d1 gave 9 8 case a r melan*oly t+e to ! "*1 v natural to ^? ^: passive moral susceptibilities are m ?an proportion$ to _! active en]gies4 ,= x mu/ be said1 t ! /r5g? ( w ( :i* 8 mann] seem$ to give su* /rong assurance1 exp5d$ itself pr9cipally 9 mann]4 ,) great zeal = human improvem5t1 a /rong s5se ( duty1 & capacities & acquirem5ts ! ext5t ( :i* is prov$ by ! writ+s he has left1 he h>dly ev] complet$ any intellectual task ( magnitude4 ,he _h s high a /&>d ( :at ought to be done1 s exagg]at$ a s5se ( defici5cies 9 8 own p]=mances1 & 0 s unable to cont5t himself ) ! am\nt ( elaboration suffici5t = ! occasion & ! purpose1 t he n only spoilt mu* ( 8 "w = ord9>y use by ov]lab\r+ x1 b sp5t s mu* "t & ex]tion 9 sup]flu\s /udy & ?\ght1 t :5 8 task ought to h be5 complet$1 he _h g5]ally work$ himself into an illness1 )\t hav+ half f9i%$ :at he und]took4 ,f ?is m5tal infirmity 7( :i* he is n ! sole example among ! accompli%$ & able m5 :om ,i h kn[n71 comb9$ ) liability to frequ5t attacks ( disabl+ ?\gh n dang]\s ill-heal?1 he accompli%$1 ?r\gh life1 little 9 comp>ison ) :at he seem$ capable (2 b :at he did produce is held 9 ! v highe/ e/imation by ! mo/ compet5t judges2 &1 l ,col]idge1 he might plead z a set-(f t he _h be5 to _m p]sons1 ?r\gh 8 conv]sation1 a s\rce n only ( mu* in/ruction b ( great elevation ( "*4 ,on me 8 influ5ce 0 mo/ salut>y4 ,x 0 moral 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,he took a s9c]e & k9d int]e/ 9 me1 f> beyond :at c\ld h be5 expect$ t[>ds a m]e y\? f a man ( 8 age1 /&+1 & :at seem$ au/]ity ( "*4 ,!re 0 9 8 conv]sation & demean\r a tone ( high-m9d$ness :i* did n %[ itself s mu*1 if ! quality exi/$ z mu*1 9 any ( ! o!r p]sons ) :om at t "t ,i associat$4 ,my int]c\rse ) him 0 ! m b5eficial1 ow+ to 8 be+ ( a diff]5t m5tal type f all o!r intellectual m5 :om ,i frequ5t$1 & he f ! fir/ set himself decid$ly aga9/ ! prejudices & n>r[nesses :i* are almo/ sure to be f\nd 9 a "y man =m$ by a p>ticul> mode ( ?\ght or a p>ticul> social circle4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,*>les ,au/91 ( :om at ?is "t & = ! next ye> or two ,i saw mu*1 _h also a great effect on me1 ?\gh ( a v diff]5t description4 ,he 0 b a few ye>s old] ?an myself1 & _h !n j left ! ,univ]sity1 :]e he _h %one ) great clat z a man ( intellect & a brilliant orator & conv]s]4 ,! effect he produc$ on 8 ,cambridge contempor>ies des]ves to be acc\nt$ an hi/orical ev5t2 = to x may 9 "p be trac$ ! t5d5cy t[>ds ,lib]alism 9 g5]al1 & ! ,b5?amic & politico-economic =m ( x 9 p>ticul>1 :i* %[$ itself 9 a portion ( ! m active-m9d$ "y m5 ( ! high] classes f ?is "t to #ahcj4 ,! ,union ,debat+ ,society1 at t "t at ! height ( its reputation1 0 an ar5a :]e :at 7 !n ?\ght extreme op9ions1 9 politics & philosophy1 7 weekly ass]t$1 face to face ) _! opposites1 be=e audi5ces consi/+ ( ! lite ( ! ,cambridge y\?3 & ?\gh _m p]sons aft]w>ds ( m or less note 7( :om ,"l ,macaulay is ! mo/ celebrat$7 ga9$ _! fir/ oratorical laurels 9 ^? debates1 ! really influ5tial m9d among ^! intellectual gladiators 0 ,*>les ,au/94 ,he cont9u$1 aft] leav+ ! ,univ]sity1 to be1 by 8 conv]sation & p]sonal asc5d5cy1 a lead] among ! same class ( "y m5 :o _h be5 8 associates !re2 & he atta*$ me among o!rs to 8 c>4 ,?r\gh him ,i became acqua9t$ ) ,macaulay1 ,hyde & ,*>les ,villi]s1 ,/rutt 7n[ ,"l ,belp]71 ,romilly 7n[ ,"l ,romilly & ,ma/] ( ! ,rolls71 & v>i\s o!rs :o subsequ5tly figur$ 9 lit]ature or politics1 & among :om ,i he>d discussions on _m topics1 z yet to a c]ta9 degree new to me4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*>les ,au/9 ov] me diff]$ f t ( ! p]sons ,i h hi!rto m5tion$1 9 be+ n ! influ5ce ( a man ov] a boy1 b t ( an eld] contempor>y4 ,x 0 ?r\gh him t ,i fir/ felt myself1 n a pupil "u tea*]s1 b a man among m54 ,he 0 ! fir/ p]son ( intellect :om ,i met on a gr\nd ( equality1 ?\gh z yet mu* 8 inf]ior on t common gr\nd4 ,he 0 a man :o nev] fail$ to impress greatly ^? ) :om he came 9 contact1 ev5 :5 _! op9ions 7 ! v rev]se ( 84 ,! impression he gave 0 t ( b\ndless /r5g?1 toge!r ) tal5ts :i*1 comb9$ ) su* app>5t =ce ( w & "*1 seem$ capable ( dom9at+ ! _w4 ,^? :o knew him1 :e!r fri5dly to him or n1 always anticipat$ t he w\ld play a conspicu\s "p 9 public life4 ,x is seldom t m5 produce s great an imm$iate effect by spee*1 unless !y1 9 "s degree1 lay !mselves out = x2 & he did ?is 9 no ord9>y degree4 ,he lov$ to /rike1 & ev5 to />tle4 ,he knew t decision is ! greate/ elem5t ( effect1 & he utt]$ 8 op9ions ) all ! decision he c\ld ?r[ into !m1 nev] s well pleas$ z :5 he a/oni%$ anyone by _! audacity4 ,v unlike 8 bro!r1 :o made w> aga9/ ! n>r[] int]pretations & applications ( ! pr9ciples !y bo? pr(ess$1 he1 on ! contr>y1 pres5t$ ! ,b5?amic doctr9es 9 ! mo/ />tl+ =m ( :i* !y 7 susceptible1 exagg]at+ ev]y?+ 9 !m :i* t5d$ to consequ5ces (f5sive to anyone's preconceiv$ feel+s4 ,all :i*1 he def5d$ ) su* v]ve & vivacity1 & c>ri$ (f by a mann] s agreeable z well z =cible1 t he always ei!r came (f victor1 or divid$ ! hon\rs ( ! field4 ,x is my belief t mu* ( ! notion popul>ly ent]ta9$ ( ! t5ets & s5tim5ts ( :at are call$ ,b5?amites or ,utilit>ians _h its orig9 9 p>adoxes ?r[n out by ,*>les ,au/94 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t 8 example 0 foll[$1 haud passibus aequis1 by y\ng] proselytes1 & t to outr] :atev] 0 by anybody consid]$ (f5sive 9 ! doctr9es & maxims ( ,b5?amism1 became at "o "t ! badge ( a small cot]ie ( y\?s4 ,all ( ^! :o _h any?+ 9 !m1 myself among o!rs1 quickly outgrew ?is boyi% vanity2 & ^? :o _h n1 became tir$ ( diff]+ f o!r p1 & gave up bo? ! good & ! bad "p ( ! het]odox op9ions !y _h = "s "t pr(ess$4 ,x 0 9 ! w9t] ( #ahbb-c t ,i =m$ ! plan ( a little society1 to be compos$ ( "y m5 agree+ 9 fundam5tal pr9ciples--ackn[l$g+ ,utility z _! /&>d 9 e?ics & politics1 & a c]ta9 numb] ( ! pr9cipal coroll>ies drawn f x 9 ! philosophy ,i _h accept$--& meet+ once a =tnight to read essays & discuss que/ions con=mably to ! premises ?us agre$ on4 ,! fact w\ld h>dly be wor? m5tion+1 b = ! circum/ance1 t ! "n ,i gave to ! society ,i _h plann$ 0 ! ,utilit>ian ,society4 ,x 0 ! fir/ "t t anyone _h tak5 ! title ( ,utilit>ian2 & ! t]m made its way into ! language1 f ?is humble s\rce4 ,i did n inv5t ! ^w1 b f\nd x 9 "o ( ,galt's novels1 ! ,annals ( ! ,p>i%1 9 :i* ! ,scot* cl]gyman1 ( :om ! book is a suppos$ autobiography1 is repres5t$ z w>n+ 8 p>i%ion]s n to leave ! ,gospel & become utilit>ians4 ,) a boy's fondness = a "n & a bann] ,i seiz$ on ! ^w1 & = "s ye>s call$ myself & o!rs by x z a sect>ian appellation2 & x came to be occasionally us$ by "s o!rs hold+ ! op9ions :i* x 0 int5d$ to designate4 ,z ^? op9ions attract$ m notice1 ! t]m 0 repeat$ by /rang]s & oppon5ts1 & got into r common use j ab\t ! "t :5 ^? :o _h orig9ally assum$ x1 laid d[n t along ) o!r sect>ian *>act]i/ics4 ,! ,society s call$ consi/$ at fir/ ( no m ?an ?ree memb]s1 "o ( :om1 be+ ,mr4 ,b5?am's amanu5sis1 obta9$ = u p]mission to hold our meet+s 9 8 h\se4 ,! numb] nev]1 ,i ?9k1 rea*$ t51 & ! ,society 0 brok5 up 9 #ahbf4 ,x _h ?us an exi/5ce ( ab\t ?ree ye>s & a half4 ,! *ief effect ( x z reg>ds myself1 ov] & above ! b5efit ( practice 9 oral discussion1 0 t ( br++ me 9 contact ) sev]al "y m5 at t "t less advanc$ ?an myself1 among :om1 z !y pr(ess$ ! same op9ions1 ,i 0 = "s "t a sort ( lead]1 & _h consid]able influ5ce on _! m5tal progress4 ,any "y man ( education :o fell 9 my way1 & ^: op9ions 7 n incompatible ) ^? ( ! ,society1 ,i endeav\r$ to press into its s]vice2 & "s o!rs ,i probably %\ld nev] h kn[n1 _h !y n jo9$ x4 ,^? ( ! memb]s :o became my intimate companions--no "o ( :om 0 9 any s5se ( ! ^w a disciple1 b all ( !m indep5d5t ?9k]s on _! own basis--7 ,william ,eyton ,tooke1 son ( ! em95t political economi/1 a "y man ( s+ul> wor? bo? moral & intellectual1 lo/ to ! _w by an e>ly dea?2 8 fri5d ,william ,ellis1 an orig9al ?9k] 9 ! field ( political economy1 n[ hon\rably kn[n by 8 apo/olic ex]tions = ! improvem5t ( education2 ,george ,graham1 aft]w>ds (ficial assignee ( ! ,bankruptcy ,c\rt1 a ?9k] ( orig9ality & p[] on almo/ all ab/ract subjects2 & 7f ! "t :5 he came fir/ to ,engl& to /udy = ! b> 9 #ahbd or #ahbe7 a man :o has made consid]ably m noise 9 ! _w ?an any ( ^!1 ,john ,ar?ur ,roebuck4 ,9 ,may1 #ahbc1 my pr(essional occupation & /atus = ! next ?irty-five ye>s ( my life1 7 decid$ by my fa!r's obta9+ = me an appo9tm5t f ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 9 ! (fice ( ! ,exam9] ( ,india ,correspond5ce1 imm$iately "u himself4 ,i 0 appo9t$ 9 ! usual mann]1 at ! bottom ( ! li/ ( cl]ks1 to rise1 at lea/ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by s5iority2 b ) ! und]/&+ t ,i %\ld be employ$ f ! beg9n+ 9 prep>+ drafts ( despat*es1 & be ?us tra9$ up z a successor to ^? :o !n fill$ ! high] dep>tm5ts ( ! (fice4 ,my drafts ( c\rse requir$1 = "s "t1 mu* revision f my imm$iate sup]iors1 b ,i soon became well acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess1 & by my fa!r's in/ructions & ! g5]al gr[? ( my own p[]s1 ,i 0 9 a few ye>s qualifi$ to be1 & practically 01 ! *ief conductor ( ! correspond5ce ) ,india 9 "o ( ! lead+ dep>tm5ts1 t ( ! ,native ,/ates4 ,?is cont9u$ to be my (ficial duty until ,i 0 appo9t$ ,exam9]1 only two ye>s be=e ! "t :5 ! abolition ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company z a political body det]m9$ my retirem5t4 ,i d n "k any "o ( ! occupations by :i* a subsi/5ce c n[ be ga9$1 m suitable ?an su* z ?is to anyone :o1 n be+ 9 indep5d5t circum/ances1 desires to devote a "p ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs to private intellectual pursuits4 ,writ+ = ! press _c be recomm5d$ z a p]man5t res\rce to anyone qualifi$ to accompli% any?+ 9 ! high] dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature or ?\ght3 n only on acc\nt ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ?is means ( livelihood1 especially if ! writ] has a consci5ce1 & w n cons5t to s]ve any op9ions except 8 own2 b also because ! writ+s by :i* "o c live are n ! writ+s :i* !mselves live1 & are nev] ^? 9 :i* ! writ] does 8 be/4 ,books de/9$ to =m future ?9k]s take too mu* "t to write1 & :5 writt5 come1 9 g5]al1 too sl[ly into notice & repute1 to be reli$ on = subsi/5ce4 ,^? :o h to support !mselves by _! p5 mu/ dep5d on lit]>y drudg]y1 or at be/ on writ+s address$ to ! multitude2 & c employ 9 ! pursuits ( _! own *oice1 only su* "t z !y c sp>e f ^? ( necessity2 :i* is g5]ally less ?an ! leisure all[$ by (fice occupations1 :ile ! effect on ! m9d is f> m en]vat+ & fatigu+4 ,= my own "p ,i h1 ?r\gh life1 f\nd (fice duties an actual re/ f ! o!r m5tal occupations :i* ,i h c>ri$ on simultane\sly ) !m4 ,!y 7 suffici5tly intellectual n to be a di/a/eful drudg]y1 )\t be+ su* z to cause any /ra9 ^u ! m5tal p[]s ( a p]son us$ to ab/ract ?\ght1 or to ! lab\r ( c>eful lit]>y composition4 ,! drawbacks1 = e mode ( life has its drawbacks1 7 n1 h[ev]1 unfelt by me4 ,i c>$ little = ! loss ( ! *ances ( ri*es & hon\rs held out by "s ( ! pr(essions1 p>ticul>ly ! b>1 :i* _h be51 z ,i h already said1 ! pr(ession ?\ght ( = me4 ,b ,i 0 n indiff]5t to exclusion f ,p>liam5t1 & public life3 & ,i felt v s5sibly ! m imm$iate unpleasantness ( conf9em5t to ,london2 ! holiday all[$ by ,india ,h\se practice n exce$+ a mon? 9 ! ye>1 :ile my ta/e 0 /rong = a c\ntry life1 & my soj\rn 9 ,france _h left beh9d x an ard5t desire ( travell+4 ,b ?\gh ^! ta/es c\ld n be freely indulg$1 !y 7 at no "t entirely sacrific$4 ,i pass$ mo/ ,sundays1 ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 9 ! c\ntry1 tak+ long rural walks on t day ev5 :5 resid+ 9 ,london4 ,! mon?'s holiday 01 = a few ye>s1 pass$ at my fa!r's h\se 9 ! c\ntry2 aft]w>ds a "p or ! :ole 0 sp5t 9 t\rs1 *iefly p$e/rian1 ) "s "o or m ( ! "y m5 :o 7 my *os5 companions2 &1 at a lat] p]iod1 9 long] j\rneys or excursions1 alone or ) o!r fri5ds4 ,france1 ,belgium1 & ,rh5i% ,g]many 7 )9 easy rea* ( ! annual holiday3 & two long] abs5ces1 "o ( ?ree1 ! o!r ( six mon?s1 "u m$ical advice1 add$ ,switz]l&1 ! ,tyrol1 & ,italy to my li/4 ,=tunately1 also1 bo? ^! j\rneys occurr$ r e>ly1 s z to give ! b5efit & *>m ( ! remembrance to a l>ge portion ( life4 ,i am dispos$ to agree ) :at has be5 surmis$ by o!rs1 t ! opportunity :i* my (ficial position gave me ( le>n+ by p]sonal obs]vation ! necess>y conditions ( ! practical conduct ( public affairs1 has be5 ( consid]able value to me z a !oretical re=m] ( ! op9ions & in/itutions ( my "t4 ,n1 inde$1 t public bus9ess transact$ on pap]1 to take effect on ! o!r side ( ! globe1 0 ( itself calculat$ to give mu* practical k ( life4 ,b ! occupation accu/om$ me to see & he> ! difficulties ( e c\rse1 & ! means ( obviat+ !m1 /at$ & discuss$ delib]ately ) a view to execution3 x gave me opportunities ( p]ceiv+ :5 public measures1 & o!r political facts1 did n produce ! effects :i* _h be5 expect$ ( !m1 & f :at causes2 above all1 x 0 valuable to me by mak+ me1 9 ?is portion ( my activity1 m]ely "o :eel 9 a ma*9e1 ! :ole ( :i* _h to "w toge!r4 ,z a speculative writ]1 ,i %\ld h _h no "o to consult b myself1 & %\ld h enc\nt]$ 9 my speculations none ( ! ob/acles :i* w\ld h />t$ up :5ev] !y came to be appli$ to practice4 ,b z a ,secret>y conduct+ political correspond5ce1 ,i c\ld n issue an ord]1 or express an op9ion1 )\t satisfy+ v>i\s p]sons v unlike myself1 t ! ?+ 0 fit to be done4 ,i 0 ?us 9 a good position = f9d+ out by practice ! mode ( putt+ a ?\ght :i* gives x easie/ admittance into m9ds n prep>$ = x by habit2 :ile ,i became practically conv]sant ) ! difficulties ( mov+ bodies ( m51 ! necessities ( compromise1 ! art ( sacrific+ ! non-ess5tial to pres]ve ! ess5tial4 ,i le>nt h[ to obta9 ! be/ ,i c\ld1 :5 ,i c\ld n obta9 ev]y?+2 in/ead ( be+ indignant or dispirit$ because ,i c\ld n h entirely my own way1 to be pleas$ & enc\rag$ :5 ,i c\ld h ! smalle/ "p ( x2 & :5 ev5 t c\ld n be1 to be> ) complete equanimity ! be+ ov]rul$ altoge!r4 ,i h f\nd1 ?r\gh life1 ^! acquisitions to be ( ! greate/ possible importance = p]sonal happ9ess1 & !y are also a v necess>y condition = enabl+ anyone1 ei!r z !ori/ or z practical man1 to effect ! greate/ am\nt ( good compatible ) 8 opportunities4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,y\?ful ,,propag&ism4 ,,! ,,we/m9/] ,,review ,! occupation ( s mu* ( my "t by (fice "w did n relax my att5tion to my own pursuits1 :i* 7 nev] c>ri$ on m vigor\sly4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ,i began to write 9 newspap]s4 ,! fir/ writ+s ( m9e :i* got into pr9t 7 two lett]s publi%$ t[>ds ! end ( #ahbb1 9 ! ,travell] ev5+ newspap]4 ,! ,travell] 7:i* aft]w>ds grew into ! ,globe & ,travell]1 by ! pur*ase & incorporation ( ! ,globe7 0 !n ! prop]ty ( ! well-kn[n political economi/1 ,colonel ,torr5s1 & "u ! editor%ip ( an able man1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,c\lson 7:o1 aft] be+ an amanu5sis ( ,mr4 ,b5?am1 became a report]1 !n an editor1 next a b>ri/] & conveyanc]1 & di$ ,c\nsel to ! ,home ,(fice71 x _h become "o ( ! mo/ important newspap] organs ( ,lib]al politics4 ,colonel ,torr5s himself wrote mu* ( ! political economy ( 8 pap]2 & _h at ?is "t made an attack ^u "s op9ion ( ,ric>do & my fa!r1 to :i*1 at my fa!r's in/igation1 ,i attempt$ an answ]1 & ,c\lson1 out ( consid]ation = my fa!r & goodwill to me1 ins]t$ x4 ,!re 0 a reply by ,torr5s1 to :i* ,i aga9 rejo9$4 ,i soon aft] attempt$ some?+ consid]ably m ambiti\s4 ,! prosecutions ( ,ri*>d ,c>lile & 8 wife & si/] = publications ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity 7 !n excit+ mu* att5tion1 & n[h]e m ?an among ! p ,i frequ5t$4 ,fre$om ( discussion ev5 9 politics1 mu* m 9 religion1 0 at t "t f> f be+1 ev5 9 !ory1 ! conc$$ po9t :i* x at lea/ seems to be n[2 & ! hold]s ( obnoxi\s op9ions _h to be always ready to argue & re-argue = ! lib]ty ( express+ !m4 ,i wrote a s]ies ( five lett]s1 "u ! signature ( ,wickliffe1 go+ ov] ! :ole l5g? & bread? ( ! "q ( free publication ( all op9ions on religion1 & (f]$ !m to ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle4 ,?ree ( !m 7 publi%$ 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 #ahbc2 ! o!r two1 conta9+ ?+s too outspok5 = t j\rnal1 nev] appe>$ at all4 ,b a pap] :i* ,i wrote soon aft] on ! same subject1 propos ( a debate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 0 ins]t$ z a lead+ article2 & dur+ ! :ole ( ?is ye>1 #ahbc1 a consid]able numb] ( my contributions 7 pr9t$ 9 ! ,*ronicle & ,travell]3 sometimes notices ( books1 b (t5] lett]s1 comm5t+ on "s nons5se talk$ 9 ,p>liam5t1 or "s defect ( ! law1 or misdo+s ( ! magi/racy or ! c\rts ( ju/ice4 ,9 ?is la/ dep>tm5t ! ,*ronicle 0 n[ r5d]+ signal s]vice4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,p]ry1 ! editor%ip & managem5t ( ! pap] _h devolv$ on ,mr4 ,john ,black1 long a report] on its e/abli%m5t2 a man ( mo/ ext5sive read+ & in=mation1 great hone/y & simplicity ( m9d2 a p>ticul> fri5d ( my fa!r1 imbu$ ) _m ( 8 & ,b5?am's ideas1 :i* he reproduc$ 9 8 articles1 among o!r valuable ?\ghts1 ) great facility & skill4 ,f ?is "t ! ,*ronicle ceas$ to be ! m]ely ,:ig organ x 0 be=e1 & dur+ ! next t5 ye>s became to a consid]able ext5t a vehicle ( ! op9ions ( ! ,utilit>ian ,radicals4 ,?is 0 ma9ly by :at ,black himself wrote1 ) "s assi/ance f ,fonblanque1 :o fir/ %[$ 8 em95t qualities z a writ] by articles & jeux d'esprit 9 ! ,*ronicle4 ,! defects ( ! law1 & ( ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 7 ! subject on :i* t pap] r5d]$ mo/ s]vice to improvem5t4 ,up to t "t h>dly a ^w _h be5 said1 except by ,b5?am & my fa!r1 aga9/ t mo/ peccant "p ( ,engli% in/itutions & ( _! adm9i/ration4 ,x 0 ! almo/ univ]sal cre$ ( ,engli%m51 t ! law ( ,engl&1 ! judicature ( ,engl&1 ! unpaid magi/racy ( ,engl&1 7 models ( excell5ce4 ,i d n g beyond ! m>k 9 say+1 t aft] ,b5?am1 :o suppli$ ! pr9cipal mat]ials1 ! greate/ %>e ( ! m]it ( break+ d[n ?is wret*$ sup]/ition belongs to ,black1 z editor ( ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle4 ,he kept up an incessant fire aga9/ x1 expos+ ! absurdities & vices ( ! law & ! c\rts ( ju/ice1 paid & unpaid1 until he =c$ "s s5se ( !m into p's m9ds4 ,on _m o!r que/ions he became ! organ ( op9ions mu* 9 advance ( any :i* _h ev] be=e f\nd regul> advocacy 9 ! newspap] press4 ,black 0 a frequ5t visitor ( my fa!r1 & ,mr4 ,grote us$ to say t he always knew by ! ,monday morn+'s article :e!r ,black _h be5 ) my fa!r on ! ,sunday4 ,black 0 "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial ( ! _m *annels ?r\gh :i* my fa!r's conv]sation & p]sonal influ5ce made 8 op9ions tell on ! _w2 coop]at+ ) ! effect ( 8 writ+s 9 mak+ him a p[] 9 ! c\ntry su* z x has r>ely be5 ! lot ( an individual 9 a private /ation to be1 ?r\gh ! m]e =ce ( intellect & "*3 & a p[] :i* 0 (t5 act+ ! mo/ effici5tly :]e x 0 lea/ se5 & suspect$4 ,i h already notic$ h[ mu* ( :at 0 done by ,ric>do1 ,hume1 & ,grote 0 ! result1 9 "p1 ( 8 prompt+ & p]suasion4 ,he 0 ! good g5ius by ! side ( ,br\gham 9 mo/ ( :at he did = ! public1 ei!r on education1 law re=m1 or any o!r subject4 ,& 8 influ5ce fl[$ 9 m9or /reams too num]\s to be specifi$4 ,?is influ5ce 0 n[ ab\t to receive a great ext5sion by ! f\ndation ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,contr>y to :at may h be5 suppos$1 my fa!r 0 9 no degree a p>ty to sett+ up ! ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,! ne$ ( a ,radical organ to make head aga9/ ! ,ed9burgh & ,qu>t]ly 7!n 9 ! p]iod ( _! greate/ reputation & influ5ce7 _h be5 a topic ( conv]sation betwe5 him & ,mr4 ,b5?am _m ye>s e>li]1 & x _h be5 a "p ( _! ,*teau en ,espagne t my fa!r %\ld be ! editor2 b ! idea _h nev] assum$ any practical %ape4 ,9 #ahbc1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,b5?am det]m9$ to e/abli% ! ,review at 8 own co/1 & (f]$ ! editor%ip to my fa!r1 :o decl9$ x z incompatible ) 8 ,india ,h\se appo9tm5t4 ,x 0 !n entru/$ to ,mr4 7n[ ,sir ,john7 ,b[r+1 at t "t a m]*ant 9 ! ,city4 ,mr4 ,b[r+ _h be5 = two or ?ree ye>s previ\s an assidu\s frequ5t] ( ,mr4 ,b5?am1 to :om he 0 recomm5d$ by _m p]sonal good qualities1 by an ard5t admiration = ,b5?am1 a zeal\s adoption ( _m1 ?\gh n all ( 8 op9ions1 &1 n lea/1 by an ext5sive acqua9tance%ip & correspond5ce ) ,lib]als ( all c\ntries1 :i* seem$ to qualify him = be+ a p[]ful ag5t 9 spread+ ,b5?am's fame & doctr9es ?r\gh all qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,my fa!r _h se5 little ( ,b[r+1 b knew en\gh ( him to h =m$ a /rong op9ion1 t he 0 a man ( an entirely diff]5t type f :at my fa!r consid]$ suitable = conduct+ a political & philosophical ,review3 & he augur$ s ill ( ! ent]prise t he regrett$ x altoge!r1 feel+ p]suad$ n only t ,mr4 ,b5?am w\ld lose 8 money1 b t discr$it w\ld probably be br\ght ^u ,radical pr9ciples4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 des]t ,mr4 ,b5?am1 & he cons5t$ to write an article = ! fir/ numb]4 ,z x _h be5 a fav\rite portion ( ! s*eme =m]ly talk$ (1 t "p ( ! "w %\ld be devot$ to review+ ! o!r ,reviews1 ?is article ( my fa!r's 0 to be a g5]al criticism ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review f its comm5cem5t4 ,be=e writ+ x he made me read ?r\gh all ! volumes ( ! ,review1 or z mu* ( ea* z seem$ ( any importance 7:i* 0 n s ardu\s a task 9 #ahbc z x w\ld be n[71 & make notes = him ( ! articles :i* ,i ?\ght he w\ld wi% to exam9e1 ei!r on acc\nt ( _! good or _! bad qualities4 ,?is pap] ( my fa!r's 0 ! *ief cause ( ! s5sation :i* ! ,we/m9/] ,review produc$ at its fir/ appe>ance1 & is1 bo? 9 conception & 9 execution1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( all 8 writ+s4 ,he began by an analysis ( ! t5d5cies ( p]iodical lit]ature 9 g5]al2 po9t+ out1 t x _c1 l books1 wait = success1 b mu/ succe$ imm$iately or n at all1 & is h5ce almo/ c]ta9 to pr(ess & inculcate ! op9ions already held by ! public to :i* x addresses itself1 in/ead ( attempt+ to rectify or improve ^? op9ions4 ,he next1 to *>act]ize ! position ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review z a political organ1 ent]$ into a complete analysis1 f ! ,radical po9t ( view1 ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution4 ,he held up to notice its ?or\ghly ari/ocratic "*3 ! nom9ation ( a majority ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons by a few hundr$ families2 ! entire id5tification ( ! m indep5d5t portion1 ! c\nty memb]s1 ) ! great l&hold]s2 ! diff]5t classes :om ?is n>r[ olig>*y 0 induc$1 = conv5i5ce1 to admit to a %>e ( p[]2 & f9ally1 :at he call$ its two props1 ! ,*ur*1 & ! legal pr(ession4 ,he po9t$ out ! natural t5d5cy ( an ari/ocratic body ( ?is composition1 to gr\p itself into two p>ties1 "o ( !m 9 possession ( ! executive1 ! o!r endeav\r+ to supplant ! =m] & become ! pr$om9ant section by ! aid ( public op9ion1 )\t any ess5tial sacrifice ( ! ari/ocratical pr$om9ance4 ,he describ$ ! c\rse likely to be pursu$1 & ! political gr\nd occupi$1 by an ari/ocratic p>ty 9 opposition1 coquett+ ) popul> pr9ciples = ! sake ( popul> support4 ,he %[$ h[ ?is idea 0 realiz$ 9 ! conduct ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 & ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review z its *ief lit]>y organ4 ,he describ$1 z _! ma9 *>act]i/ic1 :at he t]m$ seesaw2 writ+ alt]nately on bo? sides ( ! "q :i* t\*$ ! p[] or int]e/ ( ! gov]n+ classes2 sometimes 9 diff]5t articles1 sometimes 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same article3 & illu/rat$ 8 position by copi\s specim5s4 ,s =midable an attack on ! ,:ig p>ty & policy _h nev] be=e be5 made2 nor _h s great a bl[ ev] be5 /ruck1 9 ?is c\ntry1 = ,radicalism2 nor 0 !re1 ,i believe1 any liv+ p]son capable ( writ+ t article except my fa!r4#b ,9 ! meantime ! nasc5t ,review _h =m$ a junction ) ano!r project1 ( a purely lit]>y p]iodical1 to be edit$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,s\!rn1 aft]w>ds a diplomati/1 !n a lit]>y man by pr(ession4 ,! two editors agre$ to unite _! corps1 & divide ! editor%ip1 ,b[r+ tak+ ! political1 ,s\!rn ! lit]>y dep>tm5t4 ,s\!rn's ,review 0 to h be5 publi%$ by ,longman1 & t firm1 ?\gh "p proprietors ( ! ,ed9burgh1 7 will+ to be ! publi%]s ( ! new j\rnal4 ,b :5 all ! arrangem5ts _h be5 made1 & ! prospectuses s5t out1 ! ,longmans saw my fa!r's attack on ! ,ed9burgh1 & drew back4 ,my fa!r 0 n[ appeal$ to = 8 int]e/ ) 8 own publi%]1 ,baldw91 :i* 0 ex]t$ ) a successful result4 ,& s 9 ,april1 #ahbd1 amid/ any?+ b hope on my fa!r's "p1 & t ( mo/ ( ^? :o aft]w>ds aid$ 9 c>ry+ on ! ,review1 ! fir/ numb] made its appe>ance4 ,t numb] 0 an agreeable surprise to mo/ ( u4 ,! av]age ( ! articles 0 ( mu* bett] quality ?an _h be5 expect$4 ,! lit]>y & arti/ic dep>tm5t _h re/$ *iefly on ,mr4 ,b+ham1 a b>ri/] 7subsequ5tly a police magi/rate71 :o _h be5 = "s ye>s a frequ5t] ( ,b5?am1 0 a fri5d ( bo? ! ,au/9s1 & _h adopt$ ) great ard\r ,mr4 ,b5?am's philosophical op9ions4 ,p>tly f accid5t1 !re 7 9 ! fir/ numb] z _m z five articles by ,b+ham2 & we 7 extremely pleas$ ) !m4 ,i well rememb] ! mix$ feel+ ,i myself _h ab\t ! ,review2 ! joy ( f9d+1 :at we did n at all expect1 t x 0 suffici5tly good to be capable ( be+ made a cr$itable organ ( ^? :o held ! op9ions x pr(ess$2 & extreme vexation1 s9ce x 0 s good on ! :ole1 at :at we ?\ght ! blemi%es ( x4 ,:51 h[ev]1 9 addition to our g5]ally fav\rable op9ion ( x1 we le>n$ t x _h an extraord9>y l>ge sale = a fir/ numb]1 & f\nd t ! appe>ance ( a ,radical ,review1 ) pret5sions equal to ^? ( ! e/abli%$ organs ( p>ties1 _h excit$ mu* att5tion1 !re c\ld be no room = hesitation1 & we all became eag] 9 do+ ev]y?+ we c\ld to /r5g!n & improve x4 ,my fa!r cont9u$ to write occasional articles4 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,review receiv$ its exposure1 z a sequel to t ( ! ,ed9burgh4 ,( 8 o!r contributions1 ! mo/ important 7 an attack on ,s\!y's ,book ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! fif? numb]1 & a political article 9 ! twelf?4 ,mr4 ,au/9 only contribut$ "o pap]1 b "o ( great m]it1 an argum5t aga9/ primog5iture1 9 reply to an article !n lately publi%$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review by ,mc,culloch4 ,grote also 0 a contributor only once2 all ! "t he c\ld sp>e be+ already tak5 up ) 8 ,hi/ory ( ,greece4 ,! article he wrote 0 on 8 own subject1 & 0 a v complete exposure & ca/igation ( ,mit=d4 ,b+ham & ,*>les ,au/9 cont9u$ to write = "s "t2 ,fonblanque 0 a frequ5t contributor f ! ?ird numb]4 ,( my p>ticul> associates1 ,ellis 0 a regul> writ] up to ! n9? numb]2 & ab\t ! "t :5 he left (f1 o!rs ( ! set began2 ,eyton ,tooke1 ,graham1 & ,roebuck4 ,i 0 myself ! mo/ frequ5t writ] ( all1 hav+ contribut$1 f ! second numb] to ! eighte5?1 ?irte5 articles2 reviews ( books on hi/ory & political economy1 or discussions on special political topics1 z corn laws1 game laws1 law ( libel4 ,occasional articles ( m]it came 9 f o!r acqua9tances ( my fa!r's1 &1 9 "t1 ( m9e2 & "s ( ,mr4 ,b[r+'s writ]s turn$ out well4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! conduct ( ! ,review 0 nev] satisfactory to any ( ! p]sons /rongly int]e/$ 9 its pr9ciples1 ) :om ,i came 9 contact4 ,h>dly ev] did a numb] come out )\t conta9+ sev]al ?+s extremely (f5sive to u1 ei!r 9 po9t ( op9ion1 ( ta/e1 or by m]e want ( ability4 ,! unfav\rable judgm5ts pass$ by my fa!r1 ,grote1 ! two ,au/9s1 & o!rs1 7 re-e*o$ ) exagg]ation by u y\ng] p2 & z our y\?ful zeal r5d]$ u by no means backw>d 9 mak+ compla9ts1 we l$ ! two editors a sad life4 ,f my k ( :at ,i !n 01 ,i h no d\bt t we 7 at lea/ z (t5 wrong z "r2 & ,i am v c]ta9 t if ! ,review _h be5 c>ri$ on accord+ to our notions 7,i mean ^? ( ! juniors71 x w\ld h be5 no bett]1 p]haps n ev5 s good z x 04 ,b x is wor? not+ z a fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ,b5?amism1 t ! p]iodical organ1 by :i* x 0 be/ kn[n1 0 f ! fir/ extremely unsatisfactory to ^? ^: op9ions on all subjects x 0 suppos$ specially to repres5t4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ,review made consid]able noise 9 ! _w1 & gave a recognis$ /atus1 9 ! ar5a ( op9ion & discussion1 to ! ,b5?amic type ( ,radicalism1 out ( all proportion to ! numb] ( its adh]5ts1 & to ! p]sonal m]its & abilities1 at t "t1 ( mo/ ( ^? :o c\ld be reckon$ among !m4 ,x 0 a "t1 z is kn[n1 ( rapidly ris+ ,lib]alism4 ,:5 ! fe>s & animosities accompany+ ! w> ) ,france _h be5 br\ght to an end1 & p _h once m a place 9 _! ?\ghts = home politics1 ! tide began to set t[>ds re=m4 ,! r5ew$ oppression ( ! ,cont95t by ! old reign+ families1 ! c\nt5ance app>5tly giv5 by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t to ! conspiracy aga9/ lib]ty call$ ! ,holy ,alliance1 & ! enorm\s weight ( ! national debt & taxation occasion$ by s long & co/ly a w>1 r5d]$ ! gov]nm5t & p>liam5t v unpopul>4 ,radicalism1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,burdetts & ,cobbetts1 _h assum$ a "* & importance :i* s]i\sly al>m$ ! ,adm9i/ration3 & _! al>m _h sc>cely be5 tempor>ily assuag$ by ! celebrat$ ,six ,acts1 :5 ! trial ( ,que5 ,c>ol9e r\s$ a /ill wid] & deep] feel+ ( hatr$4 ,?\gh ! outw>d signs ( ?is hatr$ pass$ away ) its excit+ cause1 !re arose on all sides a _s :i* _h nev] %[n itself be=e1 ( opposition to abuses 9 detail4 ,mr4 ,hume's p]sev]+ scrut9y ( ! public exp5diture1 =c+ ! ,h\se ( ,commons to a division on e objectionable item 9 ! e/imates1 _h begun to tell ) great =ce on public op9ion1 & _h extort$ _m m9or retr5*m5ts f an unwill+ adm9i/ration4 ,political economy _h ass]t$ itself ) great vig\r 9 public affairs1 by ! petition ( ! m]*ants ( ,london = free trade1 drawn up 9 #ahbj by ,mr4 ,tooke & pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,alex&] ,b>+2 & by ! noble ex]tions ( ,ric>do dur+ ! few ye>s ( 8 p>liam5t>y life4 ,8 writ+s1 foll[+ up ! impulse giv5 by ! ,bullion controv]sy1 & foll[$ up 9 _! turn by ! expositions & comm5ts ( my fa!r & ,mc,culloch 7^: writ+s 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review dur+ ^? ye>s 7 mo/ valuable71 _h drawn g5]al att5tion to ! subject1 mak+ at lea/ p>tial conv]ts 9 ! ,cab9et itself2 & ,huskisson1 support$ by ,cann+1 _h comm5c$ t gradual demolition ( ! protective sy/em1 :i* "o ( _! colleagues virtually complet$ 9 #ahdf1 ?\gh ! la/ ve/iges 7 only swept away by ,mr4 ,glad/one 9 #ahfj4 ,mr4 ,peel1 !n ,home ,secret>y1 0 ent]+ cauti\sly into ! untrodd5 & peculi>ly ,b5?amic pa? ( ,law ,re=m4 ,at ?is p]iod1 :5 ,lib]alism seem$ to be becom+ ! tone ( ! "t1 :5 improvem5t ( in/itutions 0 prea*$ f ! highe/ places1 & a complete *ange ( ! con/itution ( ,p>liam5t 0 l\dly dem&$ 9 ! l[e/1 x is n /range t att5tion %\ld h be5 r\s$ by ! regul> appe>ance 9 controv]sy ( :at seem$ a new s*ool ( writ]s1 claim+ to be ! legislators & !ori/s ( ?is new t5d5cy4 ,! air ( /rong conviction ) :i* !y wrote1 :5 sc>cely anyone else seem$ to h an equally /rong fai? 9 z def9ite a cre$2 ! boldness ) :i* !y tilt$ aga9/ ! v front ( bo? ! exi/+ political p>ties2 _! uncompromis+ pr(ession ( opposition to _m ( ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ions1 & ! suspicion !y lay "u ( hold+ o!rs /ill m het]odox ?an !y pr(ess$2 ! tal5t & v]ve ( at lea/ my fa!r's articles1 & ! appe>ance ( a corps beh9d him suffici5t to c>ry on a ,review2 & f9ally1 ! fact t ! ,review 0 b\ght & read1 made ! s-call$ ,b5?am s*ool 9 philosophy & politics fill a great] place 9 ! public m9d ?an x _h held be=e1 or has ev] aga9 held s9ce o!r equally e>ne/ s*ools ( ?\ght h aris5 9 ,engl&4 ,z ,i 0 9 ! headqu>t]s ( x1 knew ( :at x 0 compos$1 & z "o ( ! mo/ active ( its v small numb]1 might say )\t undue assumption1 quorum p>s magna fui1 x belongs to me m ?an to mo/ o!rs1 to give "s acc\nt ( x4 ,?is suppos$ s*ool1 !n1 _h no o!r exi/5ce ?an :at 0 con/itut$ by ! fact1 t my fa!r's writ+s & conv]sation drew r\nd him a c]ta9 numb] ( "y m5 :o _h already imbib$1 or :o imbib$ f him1 a great] or small] portion ( 8 v decid$ political & philosophical op9ions4 ,! notion t ,b5?am 0 surr\nd$ by a b& ( disciples :o receiv$ _! op9ions f 8 lips1 is a fable to :i* my fa!r did ju/ice 9 8 ,fragm5t on ,mack9to%1 & :i*1 to all :o knew ,mr4 ,b5?am's habits ( life & mann] ( conv]sation1 is simply ridicul\s4 ,! influ5ce :i* ,b5?am ex]cis$ 0 by 8 writ+s4 ,?r\gh !m he has produc$1 & is produc+1 effects on ! condition ( mank9d1 wid] & deep]1 no d\bt1 ?an any :i* c be attribut$ to my fa!r4 ,he is a mu* great] "n 9 hi/ory4 ,b my fa!r ex]cis$ a f> great] p]sonal asc5d5cy4 ,he 0 s\ght = ! vig\r & in/ructiv5ess ( 8 conv]sation1 & did use x l>gely z an in/rum5t = ! diffusion ( 8 op9ions4 ,i h nev] kn[n any man :o c\ld d su* ample ju/ice to 8 be/ ?\ghts 9 colloquial discussion4 ,8 p]fect comm& ov] 8 great m5tal res\rces1 ! t]s5ess & expressiv5ess ( 8 language & ! moral e>ne/ness z well z intellectual =ce ( 8 deliv]y1 made him "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( all argum5tative conv]s]s3 & he 0 full ( anecdote1 a he>ty laugh]1 &1 :5 ) p :om he lik$1 a mo/ lively & amus+ companion4 ,x 0 n solely1 or ev5 *iefly1 9 diffus+ 8 m]ely intellectual convictions t 8 p[] %[$ itself3 x 0 /ill m ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a quality1 ( :i* ,i h only s9ce le>nt to appreciate ! extreme r>ity3 t exalt$ public _s1 & reg>d above all ?+s to ! good ( ! :ole1 :i* w>m$ into life & activity e g]m ( simil> virtue t exi/$ 9 ! m9ds he came 9 contact )3 ! desire he made !m feel = 8 approbation1 ! %ame at 8 disapproval2 ! moral support :i* 8 conv]sation & 8 v exi/5ce gave to ^? :o 7 aim+ at ! same objects1 & ! enc\ragem5t he af=d$ to ! fa9!>t$ or despond+ among !m1 by ! firm confid5ce :i* 7?\gh ! rev]se ( sangu9e z to ! results to be expect$ 9 any "o p>ticul> case7 he always felt 9 ! p[] ( reason1 ! g5]al progress ( improvem5t1 & ! good :i* individuals c\ld d by judici\s ef=t4 ,if 0 my fa!r's op9ions :i* gave ! di/+ui%+ "* to ! ,b5?amic or utilit>ian propag&ism ( t "t4 ,!y fell s+ly1 scatt]$ f him1 9 _m directions1 b !y fl[$ f him 9 a cont9u$ /ream pr9cipally 9 ?ree *annels4 ,"o 0 ?r\gh me1 ! only m9d directly =m$ by 8 in/ructions1 & ?r\gh :om consid]able influ5ce 0 ex]cis$ ov] v>i\s "y m51 :o became1 9 _! turn1 propag&i/s4 ,a second 0 ?r\gh "s ( ! ,cambridge contempor>ies ( ,*>les ,au/91 :o1 ei!r initiat$ by him or "u ! g5]al m5tal impulse :i* he gave1 _h adopt$ _m op9ions alli$ to ^? ( my fa!r1 & "s ( ! m consid]able ( :om aft]w>ds s\ght my fa!r's acqua9tance & frequ5t$ 8 h\se4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ,/rutt1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,belp]1 & ! pres5t ,"l ,romilly1 ) ^: em95t fa!r1 ,sir ,samuel1 my fa!r _h ( old be5 on t]ms ( fri5d%ip4 ,! ?ird *annel 0 t ( a y\ng] g5]ation ( ,cambridge und]graduates1 contempor>y1 n ) ,au/91 b ) ,eyton ,tooke1 :o 7 drawn to t e/imable p]son by aff9ity ( op9ions1 & introduc$ by him to my fa!r3 ! mo/ notable ( ^! 0 ,*>les ,bull]4 ,v>i\s o!r p]sons individually receiv$ & transmitt$ a consid]able am\nt ( my fa!r's influ5ce3 = example1 ,black 7z be=e m5tion$7 & ,fonblanque3 mo/ ( ^!1 h[ev]1 we acc\nt$ only p>tial allies2 ,fonblanque1 = in/ance1 0 always div]g5t f u on _m important po9ts4 ,b inde$ !re 0 by no means complete unanimity among any portion ( u1 nor _h any ( u adopt$ implicitly all my fa!r's op9ions4 ,= example1 al?\gh 8 ,essay on ,gov]nm5t 0 reg>d$ probably by all ( u z a ma/]piece ( political wisdom1 our adhesion by no means ext5d$ to ! p>agraph ( x 9 :i* he ma9ta9s t wom5 may1 consi/5tly ) good gov]nm5t1 be exclud$ f ! suffrage1 because _! int]e/ is ! same ) t ( m54 ,f ?is doctr9e1 ,i1 & all ^? :o =m$ my *os5 associates1 mo/ positively diss5t$4 ,x is due to my fa!r to say t he d5i$ hav+ int5d$ to affirm t wom5 %\ld be exclud$1 any m ?an m5 "u ! age ( =ty1 conc]n+ :om he ma9ta9$ 9 ! v next p>agraph an exactly simil> !sis4 ,he 01 z he truly said1 n discuss+ :e!r ! suffrage _h bett] be re/rict$1 b only 7assum+ t x is to be re/rict$7 :at is ! utmo/ limit ( re/riction :i* does n necess>ily involve a sacrifice ( ! securities = good gov]nm5t4 ,b ,i ?\ght !n1 z ,i h always ?\ght s9ce t ! op9ion :i* he ackn[l$g$1 no less ?an t :i* he disclaim$1 is z great an error z any ( ^? aga9/ :i* ! ,essay 0 direct$2 t ! int]e/ ( wom5 is includ$ 9 t ( m5 exactly z mu* z ! int]e/ ( subjects is includ$ 9 t ( k+s1 & no m2 & t e reason :i* exi/s = giv+ ! suffrage to anybody1 dem&s t x %\ld n be )held f wom54 ,?is 0 also ! g5]al op9ion ( ! y\ng] proselytes2 & x is pleasant to be able to say t ,mr4 ,b5?am1 on ?is important po9t1 0 :olly on our side4 ,b ?\gh none ( u1 probably1 agre$ 9 e respect ) my fa!r1 8 op9ions1 z ,i said be=e1 7 ! pr9cipal elem5t :i* gave its col\r & "* to ! little gr\p ( "y m5 :o 7 ! fir/ propagators ( :at 0 aft]w>ds call$ ,philosophic ,radicalism4 ,_! mode ( ?9k+ 0 n *>act]iz$ by ,b5?amism 9 any s5se :i* has relation to ,b5?am z a *ief or guide1 b r by a comb9ation ( ,b5?am's po9t ( view ) t ( ! mod]n political economy1 & ) ! ,h>tleian metaphysics4 ,mal?us's population pr9ciple 0 q z mu* a bann]1 & po9t ( union among u1 z any op9ion specially belong+ to ,b5?am4 ,?is great doctr9e1 orig9ally br\ght =w>d z an argum5t aga9/ ! indef9ite improvability ( human affairs1 we took up ) ard5t zeal 9 ! contr>y s5se1 z indicat+ ! sole means ( realiz+ t improvability by secur+ full employm5t at high wages to ! :ole lab\r+ population ?r\gh a volunt>y re/riction ( ! increase ( _! numb]s4 ,! o!r lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! cre$1 :i* we held 9 common ) my fa!r1 may be /at$ z foll[s3 ,9 politics1 an almo/ unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 ! efficacy ( two ?+s3 repres5tative gov]nm5t1 & complete fre$om ( discussion4 ,s complete 0 my fa!r's reliance on ! influ5ce ( reason ov] ! m9ds ( mank9d1 :5ev] x is all[$ to rea* !m1 t he felt z if all w\ld be ga9$ if ! :ole population 7 taught to read1 if all sorts ( op9ions 7 all[$ to be address$ to !m by ^w & 9 writ+1 & if by means ( ! suffrage !y c\ld nom9ate a legislature to give effect to ! op9ions !y adopt$4 ,he ?\ght t :5 ! legislature no long] repres5t$ a class int]e/1 x w\ld aim at ! g5]al int]e/1 hone/ly & ) adequate wisdom2 s9ce ! p w\ld be suffici5tly "u ! guidance ( educat$ intellig5ce1 to make 9 g5]al a good *oice ( p]sons to repres5t !m1 & hav+ done s1 to leave to ^? :om !y _h *os5 a lib]al discretion4 ,accord+ly ari/ocratic rule1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,few 9 any ( its %apes1 be+ 9 8 eyes ! only ?+ :i* /ood betwe5 mank9d & an adm9i/ration ( _! affairs by ! be/ wisdom to be f\nd among !m1 0 ! object ( 8 /]ne/ disapprobation1 & a democratic suffrage ! pr9cipal article ( 8 political cre$1 n on ! gr\nd ( lib]ty1 ,rights ( ,man1 or any ( ! phrases1 m or less significant1 by :i*1 up to t "t1 democracy _h usually be5 def5d$1 b z ! mo/ ess5tial ( securities = good gov]nm5t4 ,9 ?is1 too1 he held fa/ only to :at he deem$ ess5tials2 he 0 comp>atively indiff]5t to mon>*ical or republican =ms--f> m s ?an ,b5?am1 to :om a k+1 9 ! "* ( corrupt]-g5]al1 appe>$ necess>ily v noxi\s4 ,next to ari/ocracy1 an e/abli%$ *ur*1 or corporation ( prie/s1 z be+ by position ! great deprav]s ( religion1 & int]e/$ 9 oppos+ ! progress ( ! human m9d1 0 ! object ( 8 greate/ dete/ation2 ?\gh he dislik$ no cl]gyman p]sonally :o did n des]ve x1 & 0 on t]ms ( s9c]e fri5d%ip ) sev]al4 ,9 e?ics 8 moral feel+s 7 en]getic & rigid on all po9ts :i* he deem$ important to human well be+1 :ile he 0 supremely indiff]5t 9 op9ion 7?\gh 8 indiff]5ce did n %[ itself 9 p]sonal conduct7 to all ^? doctr9es ( ! common morality1 :i* he ?\ght _h no f\ndation b 9 asceticism & prie/craft4 ,he look$ =w>d1 = example1 to a consid]able increase ( fre$om 9 ! relations betwe5 ! sexes1 ?\gh )\t pret5d+ to def9e exactly :at w\ld be1 or ought to be1 ! precise conditions ( t fre$om4 ,?is op9ion 0 connect$ 9 him ) no s5suality ei!r ( a !oretical or ( a practical k9d4 ,he anticipat$1 on ! contr>y1 z "o ( ! b5eficial effects ( increas$ fre$om1 t ! imag9ation w\ld no long] dwell ^u ! physical relation & its adjuncts1 & swell ?is into "o ( ! pr9cipal objects ( life2 a p]v]sion ( ! imag9ation & feel+s1 :i* he reg>d$ z "o ( ! deepe/ seat$ & mo/ p]vad+ evils 9 ! human m9d4 ,9 psy*ology1 8 fundam5tal doctr9e 0 ! =mation ( all human "* by circum/ances1 ?r\gh ! univ]sal ,pr9ciple ( ,association1 & ! consequ5t unlimit$ possibility ( improv+ ! moral & intellectual condition ( mank9d by education4 ,( all 8 doctr9es none 0 m important ?an ?is1 or ne$s m to be insi/$ on2 un=tunately !re is none :i* is m contradictory to ! prevail+ t5d5cies ( speculation1 bo? 9 8 "t & s9ce4 ,^! v>i\s op9ions 7 seiz$ on ) y\?ful fanaticism by ! little knot ( "y m5 ( :om ,i 0 "o3 & we put into !m a sect>ian _s1 f :i*1 9 int5tion at lea/1 my fa!r 0 :olly free4 ,:at we 7or r a phantom sub/itut$ 9 ! place ( u7 7 sometimes1 by a ridicul\s exagg]ation1 call$ by o!rs1 namely a s*ool1 "s ( u = a "t really hop$ & aspir$ to be4 ,! ,fr5* philosophes ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 ! examples we s\ght to imitate1 & we hop$ to accompli% no less results4 ,no "o ( ! set w5t to s great excesses 9 8 boyi% ambition z ,i did2 :i* might be %[n by _m p>ticul>s1 7 x n an useless wa/e ( space & "t4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 is prop]ly only ! outside ( our exi/5ce2 or1 at lea/1 ! intellectual "p alone1 & no m ?an "o side ( t4 ,9 attempt+ to p5etrate inw>d1 & give any indication ( :at we 7 z human be+s1 ,i mu/ be und]/ood z speak+ only ( myself1 ( :om alone ,i c speak f suffici5t k2 & ,i d n believe t ! picture w\ld suit any ( my companions )\t _m & great modifications4 ,i conceive t ! description s (t5 giv5 ( a ,b5?amite1 z a m]e reason+ ma*9e1 ?\gh extremely inapplicable to mo/ ( ^? :o h be5 designat$ by t title1 0 dur+ two or ?ree ye>s ( my life n altoge!r untrue ( me4 ,x 0 p]haps z applicable to me z x c well be to anyone j ent]+ into life1 to :om ! common objects ( desire mu/ 9 g5]al h at lea/ ! attraction ( novelty4 ,!re is no?+ v extraord9>y 9 ?is fact3 no y\? ( ! age ,i !n 01 c be expect$ to be m ?an "o ?+1 & ?is 0 ! ?+ ,i happ5$ to be4 ,ambition & desire ( di/9ction ,i _h 9 abundance2 & zeal = :at ,i ?\ght ! good ( mank9d 0 my /ronge/ s5tim5t1 mix+ ) & col\r+ all o!rs4 ,b my zeal 0 z yet little else1 at t p]iod ( my life1 ?an zeal = speculative op9ions4 ,x _h n its root 9 g5u9e b5evol5ce1 or sympa?y ) mank9d2 ?\gh ^! qualities held _! due place 9 my e?ical /&>d4 ,nor 0 x connect$ ) any high en?usiasm = ideal nobl5ess4 ,yet ( ?is feel+ ,i 0 imag9atively v susceptible2 b !re 0 at t "t an int]mission ( its natural alim5t1 poetical culture1 :ile !re 0 a sup]abundance ( ! discipl9e antagoni/ic to x1 t ( m]e logic & analysis4 ,add to ?is t1 z already m5tion$1 my fa!r's tea*+s t5d$ to ! und]valu+ ( feel+4 ,x 0 n t he 0 himself cold-he>t$ or ins5sible2 ,i believe x 0 r f ! contr>y quality2 he ?\ght t feel+ c\ld take c>e ( itself2 t !re 0 sure to be en\gh ( x if actions 7 prop]ly c>$ ab\t4 ,(f5d$ by ! frequ5cy ) :i*1 9 e?ical & philosophical controv]sy1 feel+ is made ! ultimate reason & ju/ification ( conduct1 in/ead ( be+ itself call$ on = a ju/ification1 :ile1 9 practice1 actions ! effect ( :i* on human happ9ess is mis*iev\s1 are def5d$ z be+ requir$ by feel+1 & ! "* ( a p]son ( feel+ obta9s a cr$it = des]t1 :i* he ?\ght only due to actions1 he _h a real impati5ce ( attribut+ praise to feel+1 or ( any b ! mo/ sp>+ ref]5ce to x1 ei!r 9 ! e/imation ( p]sons or 9 ! discussion ( ?+s4 ,9 addition to ! influ5ce :i* ?is *>act]i/ic 9 him _h on me & o!rs1 we f\nd all ! op9ions to :i* we atta*$ mo/ importance1 con/antly attack$ on ! gr\nd ( feel+4 ,utility 0 d5\nc$ z cold calculation2 political economy z h>d-he>t$2 anti-population doctr9es z repulsive to ! natural feel+s ( mank9d4 ,we retort$ by ! ^w s5tim5tality1 :i*1 along ) declamation & vague g5]alities1 s]v$ u z common t]ms ( opprobrium4 ,al?\gh we 7 g5]ally 9 ! "r1 z aga9/ ^? :o 7 oppos$ to u1 ! effect 0 t ! cultivation ( feel+ 7except ! feel+s ( public & private duty7 0 n 9 mu* e/eem among u1 & _h v little place 9 ! ?\ghts ( mo/ ( u1 myself 9 p>ticul>4 ,:at we pr9cipally ?\ght (1 0 to alt] p's op9ions2 to make !m believe accord+ to evid5ce1 & "k :at 0 _! real int]e/1 :i* :5 !y once knew1 !y w\ld1 we ?\ght1 by ! in/rum5t ( op9ion1 en=ce a reg>d to x ^u "o ano!r4 ,:ile fully recognis+ ! sup]ior excell5ce ( unselfi% b5evol5ce & love ( ju/ice1 we did n expect ! reg5]ation ( mank9d f any direct action on ^? s5tim5ts1 b f ! effect ( educat$ intellect1 enlight5+ ! selfi% feel+s4 ,al?\gh ?is la/ is prodigi\sly important z a means ( improvem5t 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o are !mselves impell$ by nobl] pr9ciples ( action1 ,i d n believe t any "o ( ! survivors ( ! ,b5?amites or ,utilit>ians ( t day n[ relies ma9ly ^u x = ! g5]al am5dm5t ( human conduct4 ,f ?is neglect bo? 9 !ory & 9 practice ( ! cultivation ( feel+1 naturally result$1 among o!r ?+s1 an und]valu+ ( poetry1 & ( ,imag9ation g5]ally1 z an elem5t ( human nature4 ,x is1 or 01 "p ( ! popul> notion ( ,b5?amites1 t !y are enemies ( poetry3 ?is 0 p>tly true ( ,b5?am himself2 he us$ to say t all poetry is misrepres5tation3 b 9 ! s5se 9 :i* he said x1 ! same might h be5 said ( all impressive spee*2 ( all repres5tation or inculcation m oratorical 9 its "* ?an a sum 9 ari?metic4 ,an article ( ,b+ham's 9 ! fir/ numb] ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 9 :i* he (f]$ z an explanation ( some?+ :i* he dislik$ 9 ,moore1 t ,mr4 ,moore is a poet1 & !re=e is n a reason]1 did a good deal to atta* ! notion ( hat+ poetry to ! writ]s 9 ! ,review4 ,b ! tru? 0 t _m ( u 7 great read]s ( poetry2 ,b+ham himself _h be5 a writ] ( x1 :ile z reg>ds me 7& ! same ?+ might be said ( my fa!r71 ! correct /atem5t w\ld be1 n t ,i dislik$ poetry1 b t ,i 0 !oretically indiff]5t to x4 ,i dislik$ any s5tim5ts 9 poetry :i* ,i %\ld h dislik$ 9 prose2 & t includ$ a great deal4 ,& ,i 0 :olly bl9d to its place 9 human culture1 z a means ( educat+ ! feel+s4 ,b ,i 0 always p]sonally v susceptible to "s k9ds ( x4 ,9 ! mo/ sect>ian p]iod ( my ,b5?amism1 ,i happ5$ to look into ,pope's ,essay on ,man1 &1 ?\gh e op9ion 9 x 0 contr>y to m9e1 ,i well rememb] h[ p[]fully x act$ on my imag9ation4 ,p]haps at t "t poetical composition ( any high] type ?an eloqu5t discussion 9 v]se1 might n h produc$ a simil> effect ^u me3 at all ev5ts ,i seldom gave x an opportunity4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 a m]e passive /ate4 ,long be=e ,i _h enl>g$ 9 any consid]able degree ! basis ( my intellectual cre$1 ,i _h obta9$1 9 ! natural c\rse ( my m5tal progress1 poetic culture ( ! mo/ valuable k9d1 by means ( rev]5tial admiration = ! lives & *>act]s ( h]oic p]sons2 especially ! h]oes ( philosophy4 ,! same inspir+ effect :i* s _m ( ! b5efactors ( mank9d h left on record t !y _h exp]i5c$ f ,plut>*'s ,lives1 0 produc$ on me by ,plato's pictures ( ,socrates1 & by "s mod]n biographies1 above all by ,condorcet's ,life ( ,turgot2 a book well calculat$ to r\se ! be/ sort ( en?usiasm1 s9ce x conta9s "o ( ! wise/ & noble/ ( lives1 del9eat$ by "o ( ! wise/ & noble/ ( m54 ,! h]oic virtue ( ^! glori\s repres5tatives ( ! op9ions ) :i* ,i sympa?iz$1 deeply affect$ me1 & ,i p]petually recurr$ to !m z o!rs d to a fav\rite poet1 :5 ne$+ to be c>ri$ up into ! m elevat$ regions ( feel+ & ?\ght4 ,i may obs]ve by ! way t ?is book cur$ me ( my sect>ian follies4 ,! two or ?ree pages beg9n+ ,il reg>dait t\te secte comme nuisible1 & expla9+ :y ,turgot always kept himself p]fectly di/9ct f ! ,encyclop$i/s1 sank deeply into my m9d4 ,i left (f designat+ myself & o!rs z ,utilit>ians1 & by ! pron\n we1 or any o!r collective designation1 ,i ceas$ to affi*] sect>ianism4 ,my real inw>d sect>ianism ,i did n get rid ( till lat]1 & mu* m gradually4 ,ab\t ! end ( #ahbd1 or beg9n+ ( #ahbe1 ,mr4 ,b5?am1 hav+ lately got back 8 pap]s on ,evid5ce f ,m4 ,dumont 7^: ,trait des ,preuves ,judiciaires1 gr\nd$ on !m1 0 !n fir/ complet$ & publi%$71 resolv$ to h !m pr9t$ 9 ! orig9al1 & be?\ght himself ( me z capable ( prep>+ !m = ! press2 9 ! same mann] z 8 ,book ( ,fallacies _h be5 rec5tly edit$ by ,b+ham4 ,i gladly und]took ?is task1 & x occupi$ ne>ly all my leisure = ab\t a ye>1 exclusive ( ! "t aft]w>ds sp5t 9 see+ ! five l>ge volumes ?r\gh ! press4 ,mr4 ,b5?am _h begun ?is treatise ?ree "t's1 at consid]able int]vals1 ea* "t 9 a diff]5t mann]1 & ea* "t )\t ref]5ce to ! prec$+3 two ( ! ?ree times he _h gone ov] ne>ly ! :ole subject4 ,^! ?ree masses ( manuscript x 0 my bus9ess to cond5se into a s+le treatise1 adopt+ ! "o la/ writt5 z ! gr\ndwork1 & incorporat+ ) x z mu* ( ! two o!rs z x _h n completely sup]s$$4 ,i _h also to unroll su* ( ,b5?am's involv$ & p>5!tical s5t5ces z seem$ to ov]pass by _! complexity ! measure ( :at read]s 7 likely to take ! pa9s to und]/&4 ,x 0 fur!r ,mr4 ,b5?am's p>ticul> desire t ,i %\ld1 f myself1 endeav\r to supply any lacunae :i* he _h left2 & at 8 in/ance ,i read1 = ?is purpose1 ! mo/ au?oritative treatises on ! ,engli% ,law ( ,evid5ce1 & comm5t$ on a few ( ! objectionable po9ts ( ! ,engli% rules1 :i* _h escap$ ,b5?am's notice4 ,i also repli$ to ! objections :i* _h be5 made to "s ( 8 doctr9es by review]s ( ,dumont's book1 & add$ a few supplem5t>y rem>ks on "s ( ! m ab/ract p>ts ( ! subject1 su* z ! !ory ( improbability & impossibility4 ,! controv]sial "p ( ^! editorial additions 0 writt5 9 a m assum+ tone ?an became "o s "y & inexp]i5c$ z ,i 03 b inde$ ,i _h nev] contemplat$ com+ =w>d 9 my own p]son2 & z an anonym\s editor ( ,b5?am ,i fell into ! tone ( my au?or1 n ?9k+ x unsuitable to him or to ! subject1 h[ev] x might be s to me4 ,my "n z editor 0 put to ! book aft] x 0 pr9t$1 at ,mr4 ,b5?am's positive desire1 :i* ,i 9 va9 attempt$ to p]suade him to =ego4 ,! "t occupi$ 9 ?is editorial "w 0 extremely well employ$ 9 respect to my own improvem5t4 ,! ,rationale ( ,judicial ,evid5ce is "o ( ! ri*e/ 9 matt] ( all ,b5?am's productions4 ,! !ory ( evid5ce be+ 9 itself "o ( ! mo/ important ( 8 subjects1 & ramify+ into mo/ ( ! o!rs1 ! book conta9s1 v fully develop$1 a great proportion ( all 8 be/ ?\ghts3 :ile1 among m special ?+s1 x comprises ! mo/ elaborate exposure ( ! vices & defects ( ,engli% law1 z x !n 01 :i* is to be f\nd 9 8 works2 n conf9$ to ! law ( evid5ce1 b includ+1 by way ( illu/rative episode1 ! entire proc$ure or practice ( ,we/m9/] ,hall4 ,! direct k1 !re=e1 :i* ,i obta9$ f ! book1 & :i* 0 impr9t$ ^u me mu* m ?or\ghly ?an x c\ld h be5 by m]e read+1 0 itself no small acquisition4 ,b ?is occupation did = me :at might seem less to be expect$2 x gave a great />t to my p[]s ( composition4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ,i wrote subsequ5tly to ?is editorial employm5t1 0 m>k$ly sup]ior to any?+ t ,i _h writt5 be=e x4 ,b5?am's lat] /yle1 z ! _w kn[s1 0 heavy & cumb]some1 f ! excess ( a good quality1 ! love ( precision1 :i* made him introduce clause )9 clause into ! he>t ( e s5t5ce1 t ! read] might receive into 8 m9d all ! modifications & qualifications simultane\sly ) ! ma9 proposition3 & ! habit grew on him until 8 s5t5ces became1 to ^? n accu/om$ to !m1 mo/ labori\s read+4 ,b 8 e>li] /yle1 t ( ! ,fragm5t on ,gov]nm5t1 ,plan ( a ,judicial ,e/abli%m5t1 etc41 is a model ( livel9ess & ease comb9$ ) fulness ( matt]1 sc>cely ev] surpass$3 & ( ?is e>li] /yle !re 7 _m /rik+ specim5s 9 ! manuscripts on ,evid5ce1 all ( :i* ,i endeav\r$ to pres]ve4 ,s long a c\rse ( ?is admirable writ+ _h a consid]able effect ^u my own2 & ,i add$ to x by ! assidu\s read+ ( o!r writ]s1 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 :o comb9$1 9 a rem>kable degree1 ease ) =ce1 su* z ,goldsmi?1 ,field+1 ,pascal1 ,voltaire1 & ,c\ri]4 ,?r\gh ^! influ5ces my writ+ lo/ ! jejun5ess ( my e>ly compositions2 ! bones & c>tilages began to clo! !mselves ) fle%1 & ! /yle became1 at times1 lively & almo/ light4 ,?is improvem5t 0 fir/ exhibit$ 9 a new field4 ,mr4 ,m>%all1 ( ,le$s1 fa!r ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( ,m>%alls1 ! same :o 0 br\ght into ,p>liam5t = ,york%ire1 :5 ! repres5tation =feit$ by ,gramp\nd 0 transf]r$ to x1 an e>ne/ ,p>liam5t>y re=m]1 & a man ( l>ge =tune1 ( :i* he made a lib]al use1 _h be5 mu* /ruck ) ,b5?am's ,book ( ,fallacies2 & ! ?\ght _h occurr$ to him t x w\ld be useful to publi% annually ! ,p>liam5t>y ,debates1 n 9 ! *ronological ord] ( ,hans>d1 b classifi$ accord+ to subjects1 & accompani$ by a comm5t>y po9t+ out ! fallacies ( ! speak]s4 ,) ?is int5tion1 he v naturally address$ himself to ! editor ( ! ,book ( ,fallacies2 & ,b+ham1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,*>les ,au/91 und]took ! editor%ip4 ,! "w 0 call$ ,p>liam5t>y ,hi/ory & ,review4 ,its sale 0 n suffici5t to keep x 9 exi/5ce1 & x only la/$ ?ree ye>s4 ,x excit$1 h[ev]1 "s att5tion among p>liam5t>y & political p4 ,! be/ /r5g? ( ! p>ty 0 put =? 9 x2 & its execution did !m mu* m cr$it ?an t ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review _h ev] done4 ,b+ham & ,*>les ,au/9 wrote mu* 9 x2 z did ,/rutt1 ,romilly1 & sev]al o!r ,lib]al lawy]s4 ,my fa!r wrote "o article 9 8 be/ /yle2 ! eld] ,au/9 ano!r4 ,c\lson wrote "o ( great m]it4 ,x fell to my lot to lead (f ! fir/ numb] by an article on ! pr9cipal topic ( ! session 7t ( #ahbe71 ! ,ca?olic ,association & ! ,ca?olic ,disabilities4 ,9 ! second numb] ,i wrote an elaborate ,essay on ! ,comm]cial ,crisis ( #ahbe & ! ,curr5cy ,debates4 ,9 ! ?ird ,i _h two articles1 "o on a m9or subject1 ! o!r on ! ,reciprocity pr9ciple 9 comm]ce1 propos ( a celebrat$ diplomatic correspond5ce betwe5 ,cann+ & ,gallat94 ,^! writ+s 7 no long] m]e reproductions & applications ( ! doctr9es ,i _h be5 taught2 !y 7 orig9al ?9k+1 z f> z t "n c be appli$ to old ideas 9 new =ms & connexions3 & ,i d n exce$ ! tru? 9 say+ t !re 0 a maturity1 & a well-dige/$1 "* ab\t !m1 :i* !re _h n be5 9 any ( my previ\s p]=mances4 ,9 execution1 !re=e1 !y 7 n at all juv5ile2 b _! subjects h ei!r gone by1 or h be5 s mu* bett] treat$ s9ce1 t !y are entirely sup]s$$1 & %\ld rema9 buri$ 9 ! same oblivion ) my contributions to ! fir/ dyna/y ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,:ile ?us engag$ 9 writ+ = ! public1 ,i did n neglect o!r modes ( self-cultivation4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,i le>nt ,g]man2 beg9n+ x on ! ,hamiltonian me?od1 = :i* purpose ,i & sev]al ( my companions =m$ a class4 ,= sev]al ye>s f ?is p]iod1 our social /udies assum$ a %ape :i* contribut$ v mu* to my m5tal progress4 ,! idea occurr$ to u ( c>ry+ on1 by read+ & conv]sation1 a jo9t /udy ( sev]al ( ! bran*es ( sci5ce :i* we wi%$ to be ma/]s (4 ,we assembl$ to ! numb] ( a doz5 or m4 ,mr4 ,grote l5t a room ( 8 h\se 9 ,?readne$le ,/reet = ! purpose1 & 8 p>tn]1 ,prescott1 "o ( ! ?ree orig9al memb]s ( ! ,utilit>ian ,society1 made "o among u4 ,we met two morn+s 9 e week1 f half-pa/ eight till t51 at :i* h\r mo/ ( u 7 call$ (f to our daily occupations4 ,our fir/ subject 0 ,political ,economy4 ,we *ose "s sy/ematic treatise z our text-book2 my fa!r's ,elem5ts be+ our fir/ *oice4 ,"o ( u read al\d a *apt]1 or "s small] portion ( ! book4 ,! discussion 0 !n op5$1 & anyone :o _h an objection1 or o!r rem>k to make1 made x4 ,our rule 0 to discuss ?or\ghly e po9t rais$1 :e!r great or small1 prolong+ ! discussion until all :o took "p 7 satisfi$ ) ! conclusion !y _h individually arriv$ at2 & to foll[ up e topic ( collat]al speculation :i* ! *apt] or ! conv]sation sugge/$1 nev] leav+ x until we _h unti$ e knot :i* we f\nd4 ,we repeat$ly kept up ! discussion ( "s "o po9t = sev]al weeks1 ?9k+ int5tly on x dur+ ! int]vals ( our meet+s1 & contriv+ solutions ( ! new difficulties :i* _h ris5 up 9 ! la/ morn+'s discussion4 ,:5 we _h f9i%$ 9 ?is way my fa!r's ,elem5ts1 we w5t 9 ! same mann] ?r\gh ,ric>do's ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 & ,bailey's ,diss]tation on ,value4 ,^! close & vigor\s discussions 7 n only improv+ 9 a high degree to ^? :o took "p 9 !m1 b br\ght out new views ( "s topics ( ab/ract ,political ,economy4 ,! !ory ( ,int]national ,values :i* ,i aft]w>ds publi%$1 emanat$ f ^! conv]sations1 z did also ! modifi$ =m ( ,ric>do's ,!ory ( ,pr(its1 laid d[n 9 my ,essay on ,pr(its & ,int]e/4 ,^? among u ) :om new speculations *iefly orig9at$1 7 ,ellis1 ,graham1 & ,i2 ?\gh o!rs gave valuable aid to ! discussions1 especially ,prescott & ,roebuck1 ! "o by 8 k1 ! o!r by 8 dialectical acut5ess4 ,! !ories ( ,int]national ,values & ( ,pr(its 7 excogitat$ & work$ out 9 ab\t equal proportions by myself & ,graham3 & if our orig9al project _h be5 execut$1 my ,essays on ,"s ,unsettl$ ,que/ions ( ,political ,economy w\ld h be5 br\ght out along ) "s pap]s ( 81 "u our jo9t names4 ,b :5 my exposition came to be writt51 ,i f\nd t ,i _h s mu* ov]-e/imat$ my agreem5t ) him1 & he diss5t$ s mu* f ! mo/ orig9al ( ! two ,essays1 t on ,int]national ,values1 t ,i 0 oblig$ to consid] ! !ory z n[ exclusively m9e1 & x came out z su* :5 publi%$ _m ye>s lat]4 ,i may m5tion t among ! alt]ations :i* my fa!r made 9 revis+ 8 ,elem5ts = ! ?ird edition1 sev]al 7 f\nd$ on criticisms elicit$ by ^! conv]sations2 & 9 p>ticul> he modifi$ 8 op9ions 7?\gh n to ! ext5t ( our new speculations7 on bo? ! po9ts to :i* ,i h adv]t$4 ,:5 we _h en\gh ( political economy1 we took up ! syllogi/ic logic 9 ! same mann]1 ,grote n[ jo9+ u4 ,our fir/ text-book 0 ,aldri*1 b be+ disgu/$ ) its sup]ficiality1 we repr9t$ "o ( ! mo/ f9i%$ among ! _m manuals ( ! s*ool logic1 :i* my fa!r1 a great collector ( su* books1 possess$1 ! ,manuductio ad ,logicam ( ! ,jesuit ,du ,trieu4 ,aft] f9i%+ ?is1 we took up ,:ately's ,logic1 !n fir/ republi%$ f ! ,encyclop$ia ,metropolitana1 & f9ally ! ,computatio sive ,logica ( ,hobbes4 ,^! books1 dealt ) 9 our mann]1 af=d$ a high range = orig9al metaphysical speculation3 & mo/ ( :at has be5 done 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( my ,sy/em ( ,logic1 to rationalize & correct ! pr9ciples & di/9ctions ( ! s*ool logicians1 & to improve ! !ory ( ! ,import ( ,propositions1 _h its orig9 9 ^! discussions2 ,graham & ,i orig9at+ mo/ ( ! novelties1 :ile ,grote & o!rs furni%$ an excell5t tribunal or te/4 ,f ?is "t ,i =m$ ! project ( writ+ a book on ,logic1 ?\gh on a mu* humbl] scale ?an ! "o ,i ultimately execut$4 ,hav+ done ) ,logic1 we laun*$ into ,analytic ,psy*ology1 & hav+ *os5 ,h>tley = our text-book1 we rais$ ,prie/ley's edition to an extravagant price by se>*+ ?r\gh ,london to furni% ea* ( u ) a copy4 ,:5 we _h f9i%$ ,h>tley1 we susp5d$ our meet+s2 b my fa!r's ,analysis ( ! ,m9d be+ publi%$ soon aft]1 we reassembl$ = ! purpose ( read+ x4 ,) ?is our ex]cises end$4 ,i h always dat$ f ^! conv]sations my own real inauguration z an orig9al & indep5d5t ?9k]4 ,x 0 also ?r\gh !m t ,i acquir$1 or v mu* /r5g!n$1 a m5tal habit to :i* ,i attribute all t ,i h ev] done1 or ev] %all d1 9 speculation3 t ( nev] accept+ half-solutions ( difficulties z complete2 nev] ab&on+ a puzzle1 b aga9 & aga9 return+ to x until x 0 cle>$ up2 nev] all[+ obscure corn]s ( a subject to rema9 unexplor$1 because !y did n appe> important2 nev] ?9k+ t ,i p]fectly und]/ood any "p ( a subject until ,i und]/ood ! :ole4 ,our do+s f #ahbe to #ahcj 9 ! way ( public speak+1 fill$ a consid]able place 9 my life dur+ ^? ye>s1 & z !y _h important effects on my developm5t1 some?+ ought to be said ( !m4 ,!re 0 = "s "t 9 exi/5ce a society ( ,ow5ites1 call$ ! ,co-op]ative ,society1 :i* met = weekly public discussions 9 ,*anc]y ,lane4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahbe1 accid5t br\ght ,roebuck 9 contact ) sev]al ( its memb]s1 & l$ to 8 att5d+ "o or two ( ! meet+s & tak+ "p 9 ! debate 9 opposition to ,ow5ism4 ,"s "o ( u />t$ ! notion ( go+ !re 9 a body & hav+ a g5]al battle3 & ,*>les ,au/9 & "s ( 8 fri5ds :o did n usually take "p 9 our jo9t ex]cises1 ent]$ into ! project4 ,x 0 c>ri$ out by conc]t ) ! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! ,society1 !mselves no?+ lo?1 z !y naturally pref]r$ a controv]sy ) oppon5ts to a tame discussion among _! own body4 ,! "q ( population 0 propos$ z ! subject ( debate3 ,*>les ,au/9 l$ ! case on our side ) a brilliant spee*1 & ! fight 0 kept up by adj\rnm5t ?r\gh five or six weekly meet+s be=e cr[d$ auditories1 includ+ along ) ! memb]s ( ! ,society & _! fri5ds1 _m he>]s & "s speak]s f ! ,inns ( ,c\rt4 ,:5 ?is debate 0 end$1 ano!r 0 comm5c$ on ! g5]al m]its ( ,ow5's sy/em3 & ! conte/ altoge!r la/$ ab\t ?ree mon?s4 ,x 0 a lutte corps corps betwe5 ,ow5ites & political economi/s1 :om ! ,ow5ites reg>d$ z _! mo/ invet]ate oppon5ts3 b x 0 a p]fectly fri5dly dispute4 ,we :o repres5t$ political economy1 _h ! same objects 9 view z !y _h1 & took pa9s to %[ x2 & ! pr9cipal *ampion on _! side 0 a v e/imable man1 ) :om ,i 0 well acqua9t$1 ,mr4 ,william ,?ompson1 ( ,cork1 au?or ( a book on ! ,di/ribution ( ,weal?1 & ( an ,appeal 9 behalf ( wom5 aga9/ ! passage relat+ to !m 9 my fa!r's ,essay on ,gov]nm5t4 ,ellis1 ,roebuck1 & ,i took an active "p 9 ! debate1 & among ^? f ! ,inns ( ,c\rt :o jo9$ 9 x1 ,i rememb] ,*>les ,villi]s4 ,! o!r side obta9$ also1 on ! population "q1 v effici5t support f )\t4 ,! well-kn[n ,gale ,jones1 !n an eld]ly man1 made "o ( 8 florid spee*es2 b ! speak] ) :om ,i 0 mo/ /ruck1 ?\gh ,i diss5t$ f ne>ly e ^w he said1 0 ,?irlwall1 ! hi/orian1 s9ce ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,david's1 !n a ,*anc]y b>ri/]1 unkn[n except by a high reputation = eloqu5ce acquir$ at ! ,cambridge ,union be=e ! era ( ,au/9 & ,macaulay4 ,8 spee* 0 9 answ] to "o ( m9e4 ,be=e he _h utt]$ t5 s5t5ces1 ,i set him d[n z ! be/ speak] ,i _h ev] he>d1 & ,i h nev] s9ce he>d anyone :om ,i plac$ above him4 ,! great int]e/ ( ^! debates pr$ispos$ "s ( ^? :o took "p 9 !m1 to cat* at a sugge/ion ?r[n out by ,mc,culloch1 ! political economi/1 t a ,society 0 want$ 9 ,london simil> to ! ,speculative ,society at ,ed9burgh1 9 :i* ,br\gham1 ,horn]1 & o!rs fir/ cultivat$ public speak+4 ,our exp]i5ce at ! ,co-op]ative ,society seem$ to give cause = be+ sangu9e z to ! sort ( m5 :o might be br\ght toge!r 9 ,london = su* a purpose4 ,mc,culloch m5tion$ ! matt] to sev]al "y m5 ( influ5ce1 to :om he 0 !n giv+ private lessons 9 political economy4 ,"s ( ^! ent]$ w>mly into ! project1 p>ticul>ly ,george ,villi]s1 aft] ,e>l ( ,cl>5don4 ,he & 8 bro!rs1 ,hyde & ,*>les1 ,romilly1 ,*>les ,au/9 & ,i1 ) "s o!rs1 met & agre$ on a plan4 ,we det]m9$ to meet once a =tnight f ,novemb] to ,june1 at ! ,freemasons' ,tav]n1 & we _h soon a f9e li/ ( memb]s1 conta9+1 along ) sev]al memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 ne>ly all ! mo/ not$ speak]s ( ! ,cambridge ,union & ( ! ,ox=d ,unit$ ,debat+ ,society4 ,x is curi\sly illu/rative ( ! t5d5cies ( ! "t1 t our pr9cipal difficulty 9 recruit+ = ! ,society 0 to f9d a suffici5t numb] ( ,tory speak]s4 ,almo/ all :om we c\ld press into ! s]vice 7 ,lib]als1 ( diff]5t ord]s & degrees4 ,besides ^? already nam$1 we _h ,macaulay1 ,?irlwall1 ,pra$1 ,"l ,h[ick1 ,samuel ,wilb]=ce 7aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,ox=d71 ,*>les ,p\lett ,?omson 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,syd5ham71 ,edw>d & ,h5ry ,lytton ,bulw]1 ,fonblanque1 & _m o!rs :om ,i _c n[ recollect1 b :o made !mselves aft]w>ds m or less conspicu\s 9 public or lit]>y life4 ,no?+ c\ld seem m promis+4 ,b :5 ! "t = action drew ne>1 & x 0 necess>y to fix on a ,presid5t1 & f9d somebody to op5 ! fir/ debate1 none ( our celebrities w\ld cons5t to p]=m ei!r (fice4 ,( ! _m :o 7 press$ on ! subject1 ! only "o :o c\ld be prevail$ on 0 a man ( :om ,i knew v little1 b :o _h tak5 high hon\rs at ,ox=d & 0 said to h acquir$ a great oratorical reputation !re2 :o "s "t aft]w>ds became a ,tory memb] ( ,p>liam5t4 ,he accord+ly 0 fix$ on1 bo? = fill+ ! ,presid5t's *air & = mak+ ! fir/ spee*4 ,! important day arriv$2 ! b5*es 7 cr[d$2 all our great speak]s 7 pres5t1 to judge (1 b n to help our ef=ts4 ,! ,ox=d orator's spee* 0 a complete failure4 ,?is ?rew a damp on ! :ole conc]n3 ! speak]s :o foll[$ 7 few1 & none ( !m did _! be/3 ! affair 0 a complete fiasco2 & ! oratorical celebrities we _h c\nt$ on w5t away nev] to return1 giv+ to me at lea/ a lesson 9 k ( ! _w4 ,?is unexpect$ breakd[n alt]$ my :ole relation to ! project4 ,i _h n anticipat$ tak+ a prom95t "p1 or speak+ mu* or (t51 p>ticul>ly at fir/1 b ,i n[ saw t ! success ( ! s*eme dep5d$ on ! new m51 & ,i put my %\ld] to ! :eel4 ,i op5$ ! second "q1 & f t "t spoke 9 ne>ly e debate4 ,x 0 v uphill "w = "s "t4 ,! ?ree ,villi]s & ,romilly /uck to u = "s "t long]1 b ! pati5ce ( all ! f\nd]s ( ! ,society 0 at la/ exhau/$1 except me & ,roebuck4 ,9 ! season foll[+1 #ahbf-g1 ?+s began to m5d4 ,we _h acquir$ two excell5t ,tory speak]s1 ,hayw>d & ,%ee 7aft]w>ds ,s]geant ,%ee73 ! ,radical side 0 re9=c$ by ,*>les ,bull]1 ,cockburn1 & o!rs ( ! second g5]ation ( ,cambridge ,b5?amities2 & ) _! & o!r occasional aid1 & ! two ,tories z well z ,roebuck & me = regul> speak]s1 almo/ e debate 0 a bataille range betwe5 ! philosophic ,radicals & ! ,tory lawy]s2 until our conflicts 7 talk$ ab\t1 & sev]al p]sons ( note & consid]ation came to he> u4 ,?is happ5$ /ill m 9 ! subsequ5t seasons1 #ahbh & #ahbi1 :5 ! ,col]idgians1 9 ! p]sons ( ,maurice & ,/]l+1 made _! appe>ance 9 ! ,society z a second ,lib]al & ev5 ,radical p>ty1 on totally diff]5t gr\nds f ,b5?amism & vehem5tly oppos$ to x2 br++ into ^! discussions ! g5]al doctr9es & modes ( ?\ght ( ! ,european reaction aga9/ ! philosophy ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 & add+ a ?ird & v important bellig]5t p>ty to our conte/s1 :i* 7 n[ no bad expon5t ( ! movem5t ( op9ion among ! mo/ cultivat$ "p ( ! new g5]ation4 ,our debates 7 v diff]5t f ^? ( common debat+ societies1 = !y habitually consi/$ ( ! /ronge/ argum5ts & mo/ philosophic pr9ciples :i* ei!r side 0 able to produce1 ?r[n (t5 into close & s]r confutations ( "o ano!r4 ,! practice 0 necess>ily v useful to u1 & em95tly s to me4 ,i nev]1 inde$1 acquir$ real flu5cy1 & _h always a bad & ungraceful deliv]y2 b ,i c\ld make myself li/5$ to3 & z ,i always wrote my spee*es :51 f ! feel+s involv$1 or ! nature ( ! ideas to be develop$1 expression seem$ important1 ,i greatly increas$ my p[] ( effective writ+2 acquir+ n only an e> = smoo?ness & rhy?m1 b a practical s5se = tell+ s5t5ces1 & an imm$iate crit]ion ( _! tell+ prop]ty1 by _! effect on a mix$ audi5ce4 ,! ,society1 & ! prep>ation = x1 toge!r ) ! prep>ation = ! morn+ conv]sations :i* 7 go+ on simultane\sly1 occupi$ ! great] "p ( my leisure2 & made me feel x a relief :51 9 ! spr+ ( #ahbh1 ,i ceas$ to write = ! ,we/m9/]4 ,! ,review _h fall5 into difficulties4 ,?\gh ! sale ( ! fir/ numb] _h be5 v enc\rag+1 ! p]man5t sale _h nev]1 ,i believe1 be5 suffici5t to pay ! exp5ses1 on ! scale on :i* ! ,review 0 c>ri$ on4 ,^? exp5ses _h be5 consid]ably1 b n suffici5tly1 r$uc$4 ,"o ( ! editors1 ,s\!rn1 _h resign$2 & sev]al ( ! writ]s1 includ+ my fa!r & me1 :o _h be5 paid l o!r contributors = our e>li] articles1 _h latt]ly writt5 )\t paym5t4 ,nev]!less1 ! orig9al funds 7 ne>ly or q exhau/$1 & if ! ,review 0 to be cont9u$ "s new arrangem5t ( its affairs _h become indisp5sable4 ,my fa!r & ,i _h sev]al conf]5ces ) ,b[r+ on ! subject4 ,we 7 will+ to d our utmo/ = ma9ta9+ ! ,review z an organ ( our op9ions1 b n "u ,b[r+'s editor%ip3 :ile ! impossibility ( its any long] support+ a paid editor1 af=d$ a gr\nd on :i*1 )\t affront to him1 we c\ld propose to disp5se ) 8 s]vices4 ,we & "s ( our fri5ds 7 prep>$ to c>ry on ! ,review z unpaid writ]s1 ei!r f9d+ among ourselves an unpaid editor1 or %>+ ! editor%ip among u4 ,b :ile ?is negotiation 0 proce$+ ) ,b[r+'s app>5t acquiesc5ce1 he 0 c>ry+ on ano!r 9 a diff]5t qu>t] 7) ,colonel ,p]ronet ,?ompson71 ( :i* we receiv$ ! fir/ intimation 9 a lett] f ,b[r+ z editor1 in=m+ u m]ely t an arrangem5t _h be5 made1 & propos+ to u to write = ! next numb]1 ) promise ( paym5t4 ,we did n dispute ,b[r+'s "r to br+ ab\t1 if he c\ld1 an arrangem5t m fav\rable to himself ?an ! "o we _h propos$2 b we ?\ght ! concealm5t :i* he _h practis$ t[>ds u1 :ile seem+ly ent]+ into our own project1 an affront3 & ev5 _h we n ?\ght s1 we 7 indispos$ to exp5d any m ( our "t & tr\ble 9 attempt+ to write up ! ,review "u 8 managem5t4 ,accord+ly my fa!r excus$ himself f writ+2 ?\gh two or ?ree ye>s lat]1 on great pressure1 he did write "o m political article4 ,z = me1 ,i positively refus$4 ,& ?us end$ my connexion ) ! orig9al ,we/m9/]4 ,! la/ article :i* ,i wrote 9 x _h co/ me m lab\r ?an any previ\s2 b x 0 a lab\r ( love1 be+ a def5ce ( ! e>ly ,fr5* ,revolutioni/s aga9/ ! ,tory misrepres5tations ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 9 ! introduction to 8 ,life ( ,napoleon4 ,! numb] ( books :i* ,i read = ?is purpose1 mak+ notes & extracts--ev5 ! numb] ,i _h to buy 7= 9 ^? days !re 0 no public or subscription libr>y f :i* books ( ref]5ce c\ld be tak5 home7--f> exce$$ ! wor? ( ! imm$iate object2 b ,i _h at t "t a half-=m$ int5tion ( writ+ a ,hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution2 & ?\gh ,i nev] execut$ x1 my collections aft]w>ds 7 v useful to ,c>lyle = a simil> purpose4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,crisis ,,9 ,,my ,,m5tal ,,hi/ory4 ,,"o ,,/age ,,onw>d ,= "s ye>s aft] ?is "t ,i wrote v little1 & no?+ regul>ly1 = publication3 & great 7 ! advantages :i* ,i d]iv$ f ! int]mission4 ,x 0 ( no common importance to me1 at ?is p]iod1 to be able to dige/ & mature my ?\ghts = my own m9d only1 )\t any imm$iate call = giv+ !m out 9 pr9t4 ,_h ,i gone on writ+1 x w\ld h mu* di/urb$ ! important trans=mation 9 my op9ions & "*1 :i* took place dur+ ^? ye>s4 ,! orig9 ( ?is trans=mation1 or at lea/ ! process by :i* ,i 0 prep>$ = x1 c only be expla9$ by turn+ "s di/ance back4 ,f ! w9t] ( #ahba1 :5 ,i fir/ read ,b5?am1 & especially f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,i _h :at might truly be call$ an object 9 life2 to be a re=m] ( ! _w4 ,my conception ( my own happ9ess 0 entirely id5tifi$ ) ?is object4 ,! p]sonal sympa?ies ,i wi%$ = 7 ^? ( fell[ lab\r]s 9 ?is ent]prise4 ,i endeav\r$ to pick up z _m fl[]s z ,i c\ld by ! way2 b z a s]i\s & p]man5t p]sonal satisfaction to re/ ^u1 my :ole reliance 0 plac$ on ?is2 & ,i 0 accu/om$ to felicitate myself on ! c]ta9ty ( a happy life :i* ,i enjoy$1 ?r\gh plac+ my happ9ess 9 some?+ durable & di/ant1 9 :i* "s progress might be always mak+1 :ile x c\ld nev] be exhau/$ by complete atta9m5t4 ,?is did v well = sev]al ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! g5]al improvem5t go+ on 9 ! _w & ! idea ( myself z engag$ ) o!rs 9 /ruggl+ to promote x1 seem$ en\gh to fill up an int]e/+ & animat$ exi/5ce4 ,b ! "t came :5 ,i awak5$ f ?is z f a dream4 ,x 0 9 ! autumn ( #ahbf4 ,i 0 9 a dull /ate ( n]ves1 su* z ev]ybody is occasionally liable to2 unsusceptible to enjoym5t or pleasurable excitem5t2 "o ( ^? moods :5 :at is pleasure at o!r times1 becomes insipid or indiff]5t2 ! /ate1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 9 :i* conv]ts to ,me?odism usually are1 :5 smitt5 by _! fir/ conviction ( s94 ,9 ?is frame ( m9d x occurr$ to me to put ! "q directly to myself3 ,suppose t all y\r objects 9 life 7 realiz$2 t all ! *anges 9 in/itutions & op9ions :i* y are look+ =w>d to1 c\ld be completely effect$ at ?is v in/ant3 w\ld ?is be a great joy & happ9ess to y8 ,& an irrepressible self-consci\sness di/9ctly answ]$1 ,no6 ,at ?is my he>t sank )9 me3 ! :ole f\ndation on :i* my life 0 con/ruct$ fell d[n4 ,all my happ9ess 0 to h be5 f\nd 9 ! cont9ual pursuit ( ?is end4 ,! end _h ceas$ to *>m1 & h[ c\ld !re ev] aga9 be any int]e/ 9 ! means8 ,i seem$ to h no?+ left to live =4 ,at fir/ ,i hop$ t ! cl\d w\ld pass away ( itself2 b x did n4 ,a night's sleep1 ! sov]eign rem$y = ! small] vexations ( life1 _h no effect on x4 ,i awoke to a r5ew$ consci\sness ( ! w(ul fact4 ,i c>ri$ x ) me into all companies1 into all occupations4 ,h>dly any?+ _h p[] to cause me ev5 a few m9utes' oblivion ( x4 ,= "s mon?s ! cl\d seem$ to gr[ ?ick] & ?ick]4 ,! l9es 9 ,col]idge's ,dejection--,i 0 n !n acqua9t$ ) !m--exactly describe my case3 ,a grief )\t a pang1 void1 d>k & dre>1 ,a dr[sy1 /ifl$1 unimpassion$ grief1 ,:i* f9ds no natural outlet or relief ,9 ^w1 or sigh1 or te>4 ,9 va9 ,i s\ght relief f my fav\rite books2 ^? memorials ( pa/ nobl5ess & greatness f :i* ,i _h always hi!rto drawn /r5g? & animation4 ,i read !m n[ )\t feel+1 or ) ! accu/om$ feel+ m9us all its *>m2 & ,i became p]suad$1 t my love ( mank9d1 & ( excell5ce = its own sake1 _h worn itself out4 ,i s\ght no com=t by speak+ to o!rs ( :at ,i felt4 ,if ,i _h lov$ anyone suffici5tly to make confid+ my griefs a necessity1 ,i %\ld n h be5 9 ! condition ,i 04 ,i felt1 too1 t m9e 0 n an int]e/+1 or 9 any way respectable di/ress4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 x to attract sympa?y4 ,advice1 if ,i _h kn[n :]e to seek x1 w\ld h be5 mo/ preci\s4 ,! words ( ,macbe? to ! physician (t5 occurr$ to my ?\ghts4 ,b !re 0 no "o on :om ,i c\ld build ! fa9te/ hope ( su* assi/ance4 ,my fa!r1 to :om x w\ld h be5 natural to me to h rec\rse 9 any practical difficulties1 0 ! la/ p]son to :om1 9 su* a case z ?is1 ,i look$ = help4 ,ev]y?+ conv9c$ me t he _h no k ( any su* m5tal /ate z ,i 0 suff]+ f1 & t ev5 if he c\ld be made to und]/& x1 he 0 n ! physician :o c\ld heal x4 ,my education1 :i* 0 :olly 8 "w1 _h be5 conduct$ )\t any reg>d to ! possibility ( its end+ 9 ?is result2 & ,i saw no use 9 giv+ him ! pa9 ( ?9k+ t 8 plans _h fail$1 :5 ! failure 0 probably irrem$iable1 &1 at all ev5ts1 beyond ! p[] ( 8 rem$ies4 ,( o!r fri5ds1 ,i _h at t "t none to :om ,i _h any hope ( mak+ my condition intelligible4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 abundantly intelligible to myself2 & ! m ,i dwelt ^u x1 ! m hopeless x appe>$4 ,my c\rse ( /udy _h l$ me to believe1 t all m5tal & moral feel+s & qualities1 :e!r ( a good or ( a bad k9d1 7 ! results ( association2 t we love "o ?+1 & hate ano!r1 take pleasure 9 "o sort ( action or contemplation1 & pa9 9 ano!r sort1 ?r\gh ! cl++ ( pleasurable or pa9ful ideas to ^? ?+s1 f ! effect ( education or ( exp]i5ce4 ,z a coroll>y f ?is1 ,i _h always he>d x ma9ta9$ by my fa!r1 & 0 myself conv9c$1 t ! object ( education %\ld be to =m ! /ronge/ possible associations ( ! salut>y class2 associations ( pleasure ) all ?+s b5eficial to ! great :ole1 & ( pa9 ) all ?+s hurtful to x4 ,?is doctr9e appe>$ inexpugnable2 b x n[ seem$ to me1 on retrospect1 t my tea*]s _h occupi$ !mselves b sup]ficially ) ! means ( =m+ & keep+ up ^! salut>y associations4 ,!y seem$ to h tru/$ altoge!r to ! old famili> in/rum5ts1 praise & blame1 rew>d & puni%m5t4 ,n[1 ,i did n d\bt t by ^! means1 begun e>ly1 & appli$ unremitt+ly1 int5se associations ( pa9 & pleasure1 especially ( pa91 might be creat$1 & might produce desires & av]sions capable ( la/+ undim9i%$ to ! end ( life4 ,b !re mu/ always be some?+ artificial & casual 9 associations ?us produc$4 ,! pa9s & pleasures ?us =cibly associat$ ) ?+s1 are n connect$ ) !m by any natural tie2 & x is !re=e1 ,i ?\ght1 ess5tial to ! durability ( ^! associations1 t !y %\ld h become s int5se & invet]ate z to be practically indissoluble1 be=e ! habitual ex]cise ( ! p[] ( analysis _h comm5c$4 ,= ,i n[ saw1 or ?\ght ,i saw1 :at ,i _h always be=e receiv$ ) incr$ulity --t ! habit ( analysis has a t5d5cy to we> away ! feel+s3 z inde$ x has1 :5 no o!r m5tal habit is cultivat$1 & ! analys+ _s rema9s )\t its natural complem5ts & correctives4 ,! v excell5ce ( analysis 7,i argu$7 is t x t5ds to weak5 & und]m9e :atev] is ! result ( prejudice2 t x enables u m5tally to sep>ate ideas :i* h only casually clung toge!r3 & no associations :atev] c\ld ultimately resi/ ?is dissolv+ =ce1 7 x n t we owe to analysis our cle>e/ k ( ! p]man5t sequ5ces 9 nature2 ! real connexions betwe5 ,?+s1 n dep5d5t on our w & feel+s2 natural laws1 by virtue ( :i*1 9 _m cases1 "o ?+ is insep>able f ano!r 9 fact2 :i* laws1 9 proportion z !y are cle>ly p]ceiv$ & imag9atively realiz$1 cause our ideas ( ?+s :i* are always jo9$ toge!r 9 ,nature1 to coh]e m & m closely 9 our ?\ghts4 ,analytic habits may ?us ev5 /r5g!n ! associations betwe5 causes & effects1 means & ends1 b t5d altoge!r to weak5 ^? :i* are1 to speak famili>ly1 a m]e matt] ( feel+4 ,!y are !re=e 7,i ?\ght7 fav\rable to prud5ce & cle>- sight$ness1 b a p]petual worm at ! root bo? ( ! passions & ( ! virtues2 &1 above all1 fe>fully und]m9e all desires1 & all pleasures1 :i* are ! effects ( association1 t is1 accord+ to ! !ory ,i held1 all except ! purely physical & organic2 ( ! entire insuffici5cy ( :i* to make life desirable1 no "o _h a /rong] conviction ?an ,i _h4 ,^! 7 ! laws ( human nature1 by :i*1 z x seem$ to me1 ,i _h be5 br\ght to my pres5t /ate4 ,all ^? to :om ,i look$ up1 7 ( op9ion t ! pleasure ( sympa?y ) human be+s1 & ! feel+s :i* made ! good ( o!rs1 & especially ( mank9d on a l>ge scale1 ! object ( exi/5ce1 7 ! greate/ & sure/ s\rces ( happ9ess4 ,( ! tru? ( ?is ,i 0 conv9c$1 b to "k t a feel+ w\ld make me happy if ,i _h x1 did n give me ! feel+4 ,my education1 ,i ?\ght1 _h fail$ to create ^! feel+s 9 suffici5t /r5g? to resi/ ! dissolv+ influ5ce ( analysis1 :ile ! :ole c\rse ( my intellectual cultivation _h made precoci\s & premature analysis ! invet]ate habit ( my m9d4 ,i 0 ?us1 z ,i said to myself1 left /r&$ at ! comm5cem5t ( my voyage1 ) a well-equipp$ %ip & a rudd]1 b no sail2 )\t any real desire = ! ends :i* ,i _h be5 s c>efully fitt$ out to "w =3 no delight 9 virtue1 or ! g5]al good1 b also j z little 9 any?+ else4 ,! f\nta9s ( vanity & ambition seem$ to h dri$ up )9 me1 z completely z ^? ( b5evol5ce4 ,i _h _h 7z ,i reflect$7 "s gratification ( vanity at too e>ly an age3 ,i _h obta9$ "s di/9ction & felt myself ( "s importance1 be=e ! desire ( di/9ction & ( importance _h gr[n into a passion3 & little z x 0 :i* ,i _h atta9$1 yet hav+ be5 atta9$ too e>ly1 l all pleasures enjoy$ too soon1 x _h made me blas & indiff]5t to ! pursuit4 ,?us nei!r selfi% nor unselfi% pleasures 7 pleasures to me4 ,& !re seem$ no p[] 9 nature suffici5t to beg9 ! =mation ( my "* anew1 & create1 9 a m9d n[ irretrievably analytic1 fre% associations ( pleasure ) any ( ! objects ( human desire4 ,^! 7 ! ?\ghts :i* m+l$ ) ! dry1 heavy dejection ( ! melan*oly w9t] ( #ahbf-g4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i 0 n incapable ( my usual occupations4 ,i w5t on ) !m me*anically1 by ! m]e =ce ( habit4 ,i _h be5 s drill$ 9 a c]ta9 sort ( m5tal ex]cise1 t ,i c\ld /ill c>ry x on :5 all ! _s _h gone out ( x4 ,i ev5 compos$ & spoke sev]al spee*es at ! debat+ society1 h[1 or ) :at degree ( success1 ,i "k n4 ,( f\r ye>s' cont9ual speak+ at t society1 ?is is ! only ye> ( :i* ,i rememb] next to no?+4 ,two l9es ( ,col]idge1 9 :om alone ( all writ]s ,i h f\nd a true description ( :at ,i felt1 7 (t5 9 my ?\ghts1 n at ?is "t 7= ,i _h nev] read !m71 b 9 a lat] p]iod ( ! same m5tal malady3 ,"w )\t hope draws nect> 9 a sieve1 ,& hope )\t an object _c live4 ,9 all probability my case 0 by no means s peculi> z ,i fanci$ x1 & ,i d\bt n t _m o!rs h pass$ ?r\gh a simil> /ate2 b ! idiosyncrasies ( my education _h giv5 to ! g5]al ph5om5on a special "*1 :i* made x seem ! natural effect ( causes t x 0 h>dly possible = "t to remove4 ,i frequ5tly ask$ myself1 if ,i c\ld1 or if ,i 0 b\nd to g on liv+1 :5 life mu/ be pass$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,i g5]ally answ]$ to myself t ,i did n ?9k ,i c\ld possibly be> x beyond a ye>4 ,:51 h[ev]1 n m ?an half t duration ( "t _h elaps$1 a small ray ( light broke 9 ^u my gloom4 ,i 0 read+1 accid5tally1 ,m>montel's ,mmoires1 & came to ! passage :i* relates 8 fa!r's dea?1 ! di/ress$ position ( ! family1 & ! sudd5 inspiration by :i* he1 !n a m]e boy1 felt & made !m feel t he w\ld be ev]y?+ to !m--w\ld supply ! place ( all t !y _h lo/4 ,a vivid conception ( ! sc5e & its feel+s came ov] me1 & ,i 0 mov$ to te>s4 ,f ?is mom5t my burd5 grew light]4 ,! oppression ( ! ?\ght t all feel+ 0 dead )9 me 0 gone4 ,i 0 no long] hopeless3 ,i 0 n a /ock or a /one4 ,i _h /ill1 x seem$1 "s ( ! mat]ial out ( :i* all wor? ( "*1 & all capacity = happ9ess1 are made4 ,reliev$ f my ev]-pres5t s5se ( irrem$iable wret*$ness1 ,i gradually f\nd t ! ord9>y incid5ts ( life c\ld aga9 give me "s pleasure2 t ,i c\ld aga9 f9d enjoym5t1 n int5se1 b suffici5t = *e]fulness1 9 sun%9e & sky1 9 books1 9 conv]sation1 9 public affairs2 & t !re 01 once m1 excitem5t1 ?\gh ( a mod]ate1 k9d1 9 ex]t+ myself = my op9ions1 & = ! public good4 ,?us ! cl\d gradually drew (f1 & ,i aga9 enjoy$ life2 & ?\gh ,i _h sev]al relapses1 "s ( :i* la/$ _m mon?s1 ,i nev] aga9 0 z mis]able z ,i _h be54 ,! exp]i5ces ( ?is p]iod _h two v m>k$ effects on my op9ions & "*4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y l$ me to adopt a !ory ( life1 v unlike t on :i* ,i _h be=e ,i act$1 & hav+ mu* 9 common ) :at at t "t ,i c]ta9ly _h nev] he>d (1 ! anti-self- consci\sness !ory ( ,c>lyle4 ,i nev]1 inde$1 wav]$ 9 ! conviction t happ9ess is ! te/ ( all rules ( conduct1 & ! end ( life4 ,b ,i n[ ?\ght t ?is end 0 only to be atta9$ by n mak+ x ! direct end4 ,^? only are happy 7,i ?\ght7 :o h _! m9ds fix$ on "s object o!r ?an _! own happ9ess2 on ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 on ! improvem5t ( mank9d1 ev5 on "s art or pursuit1 foll[$ n z a means1 b z itself an ideal end4 ,aim+ ?us at some?+ else1 !y f9d happ9ess by ! way4 ,! enjoym5ts ( life 7su* 0 n[ my !ory7 are suffici5t to make x a pleasant ?+1 :5 !y are tak5 en passant1 )\t be+ made a pr9cipal object4 ,once make !m s1 & !y are imm$iately felt to be insuffici5t4 ,!y w n be> a scrut9iz+ exam9ation4 ,ask y\rself :e!r y are happy1 & y cease to be s4 ,! only *ance is to treat1 n happ9ess1 b "s end ext]nal to x1 z ! purpose ( life4 ,let y\r self-consci\sness1 y\r scrut9y1 y\r self-int]rogation1 exhau/ !mselves on t2 & if o!rwise =tunately circum/anc$ y w inhale happ9ess ) ! air y brea!1 )\t dwell+ on x or ?9k+ ab\t x1 )\t ei!r =e/all+ x 9 imag9ation1 or putt+ x to flight by fatal que/ion+4 ,?is !ory n[ became ! basis ( my philosophy ( life4 ,& ,i /ill hold to x z ! be/ !ory = all ^? :o h b a mod]ate degree ( s5sibility & ( capacity ,i = enjoym5t2 t is1 = ! great majority ( mank9d4 ,! o!r important *ange :i* my op9ions at ?is "t und]w5t1 0 t ,i1 = ! fir/ "t1 gave its prop] place1 among ! prime necessities ( human well-be+1 to ! int]nal culture ( ! individual4 ,i ceas$ to atta* almo/ exclusive importance to ! ord]+ ( outw>d circum/ances1 & ! tra9+ ( ! human be+ = speculation & = action4 ,i _h n[ le>nt by exp]i5ce t ! pass+ susceptibilities ne$$ to be cultivat$ z well z ! active capacities1 & requir$ to be n\ri%$ & enri*$ z well z guid$4 ,i did n1 = an in/ant1 lose sight (1 or und]value1 t "p ( ! tru? :i* ,i _h se5 be=e2 ,i nev] turn$ recreant to intellectual culture1 or ceas$ to consid] ! p[] & practice ( analysis z an ess5tial condition bo? ( individual & ( social improvem5t ,b #a ?\ght t x _h consequ5ces :i* requir$ to be correct$1 by jo9+ o!r k9ds ( cultivation ) x4 ,! ma9t5ance ( a due balance among ! faculties n[ seem$ to be ( prim>y importance4 ,! cultivation ( ! feel+s became "o ( ! c>d9al po9ts 9 my e?ical & philosophical cre$4 ,& my ?\ghts & incl9ations turn$ 9 an increas+ degree t[>ds :atev] seem$ capable ( be+ in/rum5tal to t object4 ,i n[ began to f9d mean+ 9 ! ?+s1 :i* ,i _h read or he>d ab\t ! importance ( poetry & art z in/rum5ts ( human culture4 ,b x 0 "s "t long] be=e ,i began to "k ?is by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! only "o ( ! imag9ative arts 9 :i* ,i _h f *ildhood tak5 great pleasure1 0 music2 ! be/ effect ( :i* 7& 9 ?is x surpasses p]haps e o!r art7 consi/s 9 excit+ en?usiasm2 9 w9d+ up to a high pit* ^? feel+s ( an elevat$ k9d :i* are already 9 ! "*1 b to :i* ?is excitem5t gives a gl[ & a f]v\r1 :i*1 ?\gh transitory at its utmo/ height1 is preci\s = su/a9+ !m at o!r times4 ,?is effect ( music ,i _h (t5 exp]i5c$2 b1 l all my pleasurable susceptibilities1 x 0 susp5d$ dur+ ! gloomy p]iod4 ,i _h s\ght relief aga9 & aga9 f ?is qu>t]1 b f\nd none4 ,aft] ! tide _h turn$1 & ,i 0 9 process ( recov]y1 ,i _h be5 help$ =w>d by music1 b 9 a mu* less elevat$ mann]4 ,i at ?is "t fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ,web]'s ,ob]on1 & ! extreme pleasure :i* ,i drew f its delici\s melodies did me good by %[+ me a s\rce ( pleasure to :i* ,i 0 z susceptible z ev]4 ,! good1 h[ev]1 0 mu* impair$ by ! ?\ght t ! pleasure ( music 7z is q true ( su* pleasure z ?is 01 t ( m]e tune7 fades ) famili>ity1 & requires ei!r to be reviv$ by int]mitt5ce1 or f$ by cont9ual novelty4 ,& x is v *>act]i/ic bo? ( my !n /ate1 & ( ! g5]al tone ( my m9d at ?is p]iod ( my life1 t ,i 0 s]i\sly torm5t$ by ! ?\ght ( ! exhau/ibility ( musical comb9ations4 ,! octave consi/s only ( five tones & two semi-tones1 :i* c be put toge!r 9 only a limit$ numb] ( ways1 ( :i* b a small proportion are beautiful3 mo/ ( ^!1 x seem$ to me1 mu/ h be5 already discov]$1 & !re c\ld n be room = a long succession ( ,moz>ts & ,web]s1 to /rike out1 z ^! _h done1 entirely new & surpass+ly ri* ve9s ( musical beauty4 ,?is s\rce ( anxiety may1 p]haps1 be ?\ght to resemble t ( ! philosoph]s ( ,laputa1 :o fe>$ le/ ! sun %\ld be burnt out4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 connect$ ) ! be/ feature 9 my "*1 & ! only good po9t to be f\nd 9 my v unromantic & 9 no way hon\rable di/ress4 ,= ?\gh my dejection1 hone/ly look$ at1 c\ld n be call$ o!r ?an egoti/ical1 produc$ by ! ru91 z ,i ?\ght1 ( my fabric ( happ9ess1 yet ! de/9y ( mank9d 9 g5]al 0 ev] 9 my ?\ghts1 & c\ld n be sep>at$ f my own4 ,i felt t ! flaw 9 my life1 mu/ be a flaw 9 life itself2 t ! "q 01 :e!r1 if ! re=m]s ( society & gov]nm5t c\ld succe$ 9 _! objects1 & e p]son 9 ! community 7 free & 9 a /ate ( physical com=t1 ! pleasures ( life1 be+ no long] kept up by /ruggle & privation1 w\ld cease to be pleasures4 ,& ,i felt t unless ,i c\ld see my way to "s bett] hope ?an ?is = human happ9ess 9 g5]al1 my dejection mu/ cont9ue2 b t if ,i c\ld see su* an outlet1 ,i %\ld !n look on ! _w ) pleasure2 cont5t1 z f> z ,i 0 myself conc]n$1 ) any fair %>e ( ! g5]al lot4 ,?is /ate ( my ?\ghts & feel+s made ! fact ( my read+ ,wordswor? = ! fir/ "t 79 ! autumn ( #ahbh71 an important ev5t ( my life4 ,i took up ! collection ( 8 poems f curiosity1 ) no expectation ( m5tal relief f x1 ?\gh ,i _h be=e resort$ to poetry ) t hope4 ,9 ! wor/ p]iod ( my depression1 ,i _h read ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,byron 7!n new to me71 to try :e!r a poet1 ^: peculi> dep>tm5t 0 suppos$ to be t ( ! int5s] feel+s1 c\ld r\se any feel+ 9 me4 ,z might be expect$1 ,i got no good f ?is read+1 b ! rev]se4 ,! poet's /ate ( m9d 0 too l my own4 ,8 0 ! lam5t ( a man :o _h worn out all pleasures1 & :o seem$ to ?9k t life1 to all :o possess ! good ?+s ( x1 mu/ necess>ily be ! vapid1 un9t]e/+ ?+ :i* ,i f\nd x4 ,8 ,h>old & ,manfr$ _h ! same burd5 on !m :i* ,i _h2 & ,i 0 n 9 a frame ( m9d to desire any com=t f ! vehem5t s5sual passion ( 8 ,gia\rs1 or ! sull5ness ( 8 ,l>as4 ,b :ile ,byron 0 exactly :at did n suit my condition1 ,wordswor? 0 exactly :at did4 ,i _h look$ into ! ,excursion two or ?ree ye>s be=e1 & f\nd little 9 x2 & ,i %\ld probably h f\nd z little1 _h ,i read x at ?is "t4 ,b ! miscellane\s poems1 9 ! two-volume edition ( #ahae 7to :i* little ( value 0 add$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! au?or's life71 prov$ to be ! precise ?+ = my m5tal wants at t p>ticul> juncture4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! poems address$ !mselves p[]fully to "o ( ! /ronge/ ( my pleasurable susceptibilities1 ! love ( rural objects & natural sc5]y2 to :i* ,i _h be5 indebt$ n only = mu* ( ! pleasure ( my life1 b q rec5tly = relief f "o ( my longe/ relapses into depression4 ,9 ?is p[] ( rural beauty ov] me1 !re 0 a f\ndation laid = tak+ pleasure 9 ,wordswor?'s poetry2 ! m s1 z 8 sc5]y lies mo/ly among m\nta9s1 :i*1 ow+ to my e>ly ,pyr5ean excursion1 7 my ideal ( natural beauty4 ,b ,wordswor? w\ld nev] h _h any great effect on me1 if he _h m]ely plac$ be=e me beautiful pictures ( natural sc5]y4 ,scott does ?is /ill bett] ?an ,wordswor?1 & a v second-rate l&scape does x m effectually ?an any poet4 ,:at made ,wordswor?'s poems a m$ic9e = my /ate ( m9d1 0 t !y express$1 n m]e outw>d beauty1 b /ates ( feel+1 & ( ?\ght col\r$ by feel+1 "u ! excitem5t ( beauty4 ,!y seem$ to be ! v culture ( ! feel+s1 :i* ,i 0 9 que/ (4 ,9 !m ,i seem$ to draw f a s\rce ( inw>d joy1 ( sympa!tic & imag9ative pleasure1 :i* c\ld be %>$ 9 by all human be+s2 :i* _h no connection ) /ruggle or imp]fection1 b w\ld be made ri*] by e improvem5t 9 ! physical or social condition ( mank9d4 ,f !m ,i seem$ to le>n :at w\ld be ! p]5nial s\rces ( happ9ess1 :5 all ! great] evils ( life %all h be5 remov$4 ,& ,i felt myself at once bett] & happi] z ,i came "u _! influ5ce4 ,!re h c]ta9ly be51 ev5 9 our own age1 great] poets ?an ,wordswor?2 b poetry ( deep] & l(ti] feel+ c\ld n h done = me at t "t :at 8 did4 ,i ne$$ to be made to feel t !re 0 real1 p]man5t happ9ess 9 tranquil contemplation4 ,wordswor? taught me ?is1 n only )\t turn+ away f1 b ) a greatly increas$ int]e/ 91 ! common feel+s & common de/9y ( human be+s4 ,& ! delight :i* ^! poems gave me1 prov$ t ) culture ( ?is sort1 !re 0 no?+ to dread f ! mo/ confirm$ habit ( analysis4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ,poems came ! fam\s ,ode1 falsely call$ ,platonic1 ,intimations ( ,immortality3 9 :i*1 along ) m ?an 8 usual sweetness ( melody & rhy?m1 & along ) ! two passages ( gr& imag]y b bad philosophy s (t5 quot$1 ,i f\nd t he too _h _h simil> exp]i5ce to m9e2 t he also _h felt t ! fir/ fre%ness ( y\?ful enjoym5t ( life 0 n la/+2 b t he _h s\ght = comp5sation1 & f\nd x1 9 ! way 9 :i* he 0 n[ tea*+ me to f9d x4 ,! result 0 t ,i gradually1 b completely1 em]g$ f my habitual depression1 & 0 nev] aga9 subject to x4 ,i long cont9u$ to value ,wordswor? less accord+ to 8 intr9sic m]its1 ?an by ! measure ( :at he _h done = me4 ,comp>$ ) ! greate/ poets1 he may be said to be ! poet ( unpoetical natures1 possess$ ( quiet & contemplative ta/es4 ,b unpoetical natures are precisely ^? :i* require poetic cultivation4 ,?is cultivation ,wordswor? is mu* m fitt$ to give1 ?an poets :o are intr9sically f> m poets ?an he4 ,x s fell out t ! m]its ( ,wordswor? 7 ! occasion ( my fir/ public decl>ation ( my new way ( ?9k+1 & sep>ation f ^? ( my habitual companions :o _h n und]gone a simil> *ange4 ,! p]son ) :om at t "t ,i 0 mo/ 9 ! habit ( comp>+ notes on su* subjects 0 ,roebuck1 & ,i induc$ him to read ,wordswor?1 9 :om he also at fir/ seem$ to f9d mu* to admire3 b ,i1 l mo/ ,wordswor?ians1 ?rew myself into /rong antagonism to ,byron1 bo? z a poet & z to 8 influ5ce on ! "*4 ,roebuck1 all ^: in/9cts 7 ^? ( action & /ruggle1 _h1 on ! contr>y1 a /rong reli% & great admiration ( ,byron1 ^: writ+s he reg>d$ z ! poetry ( human life1 :ile ,wordswor?'s1 accord+ to him1 0 t ( fl[]s & butt]flies4 ,we agre$ to h ! fight out at our ,debat+ ,society1 :]e we accord+ly discuss$ = two ev5+s ! comp>ative m]its ( ,byron & ,wordswor?1 prop\nd+ & illu/rat+ by long recitations our respective !ories ( poetry3 ,/]l+ also1 9 a brilliant spee*1 putt+ =w>d 8 p>ticul> !ory4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ debate on any weighty subject 9 :i* ,roebuck & ,i _h be5 on opposite sides4 ,! s*ism betwe5 u wid5$ f ?is "t m & m1 ?\gh we cont9u$ = "s ye>s long] to be companions4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 our *ief div]g5ce relat$ to ! cultivation ( ! feel+s4 ,roebuck 0 9 _m respects v diff]5t f ! vulg> notion ( a ,b5?amite or ,utilit>ian4 ,he 0 a lov] ( poetry & ( mo/ ( ! f9e arts4 ,he took great pleasure 9 music1 9 dramatic p]=mances1 especially 9 pa9t+1 & himself drew & design$ l&scapes ) great facility & beauty4 ,b he nev] c\ld be made to see t ^! ?+s h any value z aids 9 ! =mation ( "*4 ,p]sonally1 in/ead ( be+1 z ,b5?amites are suppos$ to be1 void ( feel+1 he _h v quick & /rong s5sibilities4 ,b1 l mo/ ,engli%m5 :o h feel+s1 he f\nd 8 feel+s /& v mu* 9 8 way4 ,he 0 mu* m susceptible to ! pa9ful sympa?ies ?an to ! pleasurable1 &1 look+ = 8 happ9ess else:]e1 he wi%$ t 8 feel+s %\ld be dead5$ r ?an quick5$4 ,&1 9 tru?1 ! ,engli% "*1 & ,engli% social circum/ances1 make x s seldom possible to d]ive happ9ess f ! ex]cise ( ! sympa?ies1 t x is n wond]ful if !y c\nt = little 9 an ,engli%man's s*eme ( life4 ,9 mo/ o!r c\ntries ! p>am\nt importance ( ! sympa?ies z a con/itu5t ( individual happ9ess is an axiom1 tak5 = grant$ r ?an ne$+ any =mal /atem5t2 b mo/ ,engli% ?9k]s always seem to reg>d !m z necess>y evils1 requir$ = keep+ m5's actions b5evol5t & compassionate4 ,roebuck 01 or appe>$ to be1 ?is k9d ( ,engli%man4 ,he saw little good 9 any cultivation ( ! feel+s1 & none at all 9 cultivat+ !m ?r\gh ! imag9ation1 :i* he ?\ght 0 only cultivat+ illusions4 ,x 0 9 va9 ,i urg$ on him t ! imag9ative emotion :i* an idea1 :5 vividly conceiv$1 excites 9 u1 is n an illusion b a fact1 z real z any ( ! o!r qualities ( objects2 &1 f> f imply+ any?+ errone\s & delusive 9 our m5tal appreh5sion ( ! object1 is q consi/5t ) ! mo/ accurate k & mo/ p]fect practical recognition ( all its physical & intellectual laws & relations4 ,! int5se/ feel+ ( ! beauty ( a cl\d light$ by ! sett+ sun1 is no h9drance to my kn[+ t ! cl\d is vap\r ( wat]1 subject to all ! laws ( vap\rs 9 a /ate ( susp5sion2 & ,i am j z likely to all[ =1 & act on1 ^! physical laws :5ev] !re is occasion to d s1 z if ,i _h be5 incapable ( p]ceiv+ any di/9ction betwe5 beauty & ugl9ess4 ,:ile my intimacy ) ,roebuck dim9i%$1 ,i fell m & m into fri5dly int]c\rse ) our ,col]idgian adv]s>ies 9 ! ,society1 ,fr$]ick ,maurice & ,john ,/]l+1 bo? subsequ5tly s well kn[n1 ! =m] by 8 writ+s1 ! latt] ?r\gh ! biographies by ,h>e & ,c>lyle4 ,( ^! two fri5ds1 ,maurice 0 ! ?9k]1 ,/]l+ ! orator1 & impassion$ expositor ( ?\ghts :i*1 at ?is p]iod1 7 almo/ entirely =m$ = him by ,maurice4 ,) ,maurice ,i _h = "s "t be5 acqua9t$ ?r\gh ,eyton ,tooke1 :o _h kn[n him at ,cambridge1 & al?\gh my discussions ) him 7 almo/ always disputes1 ,i _h c>ri$ away f !m mu* t help$ to build up my new fabric ( ?\ght1 9 ! same way z ,i 0 d]iv+ mu* f ,col]idge1 & f ! writ+s ( ,goe! & o!r ,g]man au?ors :i* ,i read dur+ ^! ye>s4 ,i h s deep a respect = ,maurice's "* & purposes1 z well z = 8 great m5tal gifts1 t x is ) "s unwill+ness ,i say any?+ :i* may seem to place him on a less high em95ce ?an ,i w\ld gladly be able to accord to him4 ,b ,i h always ?\ght t !re 0 m intellectual p[] wa/$ 9 ,maurice ?an 9 any o!r ( my contempor>ies4 ,few ( !m c]ta9ly h _h s mu* to wa/e4 ,great p[]s ( g5]alization1 r>e +5uity & subtlety1 & a wide p]ception ( important & unobvi\s tru?s1 s]v$ him n = putt+ some?+ bett] into ! place ( ! wor?less heap ( receiv$ op9ions on ! great subjects ( ?\ght1 b = prov+ to 8 own m9d t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& _h kn[n ev]y?+ f ! fir/1 & t all ! tru?s on ! gr\nd ( :i* ! ,*ur* & or?odoxy h be5 attack$ 7_m ( :i* he saw z cle>ly z anyone7 are n only consi/5t ) ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 b are bett] und]/ood & express$ 9 ^? ,articles ?an by anyone :o rejects !m4 ,i h nev] be5 able to f9d any o!r explanation ( ?is1 ?an by attribut+ x to t timidity ( consci5ce1 comb9$ ) orig9al s5sitiv5ess ( temp]am5t1 :i* has s (t5 driv5 highly gift$ m5 into ,romanism1 f ! ne$ ( a firm] support ?an !y c f9d 9 ! indep5d5t conclusions ( _! own judgm5t4 ,any m vulg> k9d ( timidity no "o :o knew ,maurice w\ld ev] ?9k ( imput+ to him1 ev5 if he _h n giv5 public pro( ( 8 fre$om f x1 by 8 ultimate collision ) "s ( ! op9ions commonly reg>d$ z or?odox1 & by 8 noble orig9ation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ movem5t4 ,! ne>e/ p>allel to him1 9 a moral po9t ( view1 is ,col]idge1 to :om1 9 m]ely intellectual p[]1 ap>t f poetical g5ius1 ,i ?9k him decid$ly sup]ior4 ,at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 he might be describ$ z a disciple ( ,col]idge1 & ,/]l+ z a disciple ( ,col]idge & ( him4 ,! modifications :i* 7 tak+ place 9 my old op9ions gave me "s po9ts ( contact ) !m2 & bo? ,maurice & ,/]l+ 7 ( consid]able use to my developm5t4 ,) ,/]l+ ,i soon became v intimate1 & 0 m atta*$ to him ?an ,i h ev] be5 to any o!r man4 ,he 0 inde$ "o ( ! mo/ lovable ( m54 ,8 frank1 cordial1 affectionate1 & expansive "*2 a love ( tru? alike conspicu\s 9 ! highe/ ?+s & ! humble/2 a g5]\s & ard5t nature1 :i* ?rew itself ) impetuosity into ! op9ions x adopt$1 b 0 z eag] to d ju/ice to ! doctr9es & ! m5 x 0 oppos$ to1 z to make w> on :at x ?\ght _! errors2 & an equal devotion to ! two c>d9al po9ts ( ,lib]ty & ,duty1 =m$ a comb9ation ( qualities z attractive to me z to all o!rs :o knew him z well z ,i did4 ,) 8 op5 m9d & he>t1 he f\nd no difficulty 9 jo9+ h&s ) me across ! gulf :i* z yet divid$ our op9ions4 ,he told me h[ he & o!rs _h look$ ^u me 7f he>say in=mation71 z a made or manufactur$ man1 hav+ _h a c]ta9 impress ( op9ion /amp$ on me :i* ,i c\ld only reproduce2 & :at a *ange took place 9 8 feel+s :5 he f\nd1 9 ! discussion on ,wordswor? & ,byron1 t ,wordswor?1 & all :i* t "n implies1 belong$ to me z mu* z to him & 8 fri5ds4 ,! failure ( 8 heal? soon scatt]$ all 8 plans ( life1 & compell$ him to live at a di/ance f ,london1 s t aft] ! fir/ ye> or two ( our acqua9tance1 we only saw ea* o!r at di/ant int]vals4 ,b 7z he said himself 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,c>lyle7 :5 we did meet x 0 l bro!rs4 ,?\gh he 0 nev]1 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 a pr(\nd ?9k]1 8 op5ness ( m9d1 & ! moral c\rage 9 :i* he greatly surpass$ ,maurice1 made him outgr[ ! dom9ion :i* ,maurice & ,col]idge _h once ex]cis$ ov] 8 intellect2 ?\gh he reta9$ to ! la/ a great b discrim9at+ admiration ( bo?1 & t[>ds ,maurice a w>m affection4 ,except 9 t %ort & transitory phasis ( 8 life1 dur+ :i* he made ! mi/ake ( becom+ a cl]gyman1 8 m9d 0 ev] progressive3 & ! advance he always seem$ to h made :5 ,i saw him aft] an int]val1 made me apply to him :at ,goe! said ( ,s*ill]1 er hatte e9e fur*tli*e ,=ts*reitung4 ,he & ,i />t$ f intellectual po9ts almo/ z wide ap>t z ! poles1 b ! di/ance betwe5 u 0 always dim9i%+3 if ,i made /eps t[>ds "s ( 8 op9ions1 he1 dur+ 8 %ort life1 0 con/antly approximat+ m & m to sev]al ( m9e3 & if he _h liv$1 & _h heal? & vig\r to prosecute 8 ev] assidu\s self-culture1 !re is no kn[+ h[ mu* fur!r ?is spontane\s assimilation might h proce$$4 ,aft] #ahbi ,i )drew f att5dance on ! ,debat+ ,society4 ,i _h _h en\gh ( spee*-mak+1 & 0 glad to c>ry on my private /udies & m$itations )\t any imm$iate call = outw>d ass]tion ( _! results4 ,i f\nd ! fabric ( my old & taught op9ions giv+ way 9 _m fre% places1 & ,i nev] all[$ x to fall to pieces1 b 0 incessantly occupi$ 9 weav+ x anew4 ,i nev]1 9 ! c\rse ( my transition1 0 cont5t to rema91 = ev] s %ort a "t1 confus$ & unsettl$4 ,:5 ,i _h tak5 9 any new idea1 ,i c\ld n re/ till ,i _h adju/$ its relation to my old op9ions1 & asc]ta9$ exactly h[ f> its effect ought to ext5d 9 modify+ or sup]s$+ !m4 ,! conflicts :i* ,i _h s (t5 _h to su/a9 9 def5d+ ! !ory ( gov]nm5t laid d[n 9 ,b5?am's & my fa!r's writ+s1 & ! acqua9tance ,i _h obta9$ ) o!r s*ools ( political ?9k+1 made me aw>e ( _m ?+s :i* t doctr9e1 pr(ess+ to be a !ory ( gov]nm5t 9 g5]al1 ought to h made room =1 & did n4 ,b ^! ?+s1 z yet1 rema9$ ) me r z corrections to be made 9 apply+ ! !ory to practice1 ?an z defects 9 ! !ory4 ,i felt t politics c\ld n be a sci5ce ( specific exp]i5ce2 & t ! accusations aga9/ ! ,b5?amic !ory ( be+ a !ory1 ( proce$+ a priori by way ( g5]al reason+1 in/ead ( ,baconian exp]im5t1 %[$ complete ignorance ( ,bacon's pr9ciples1 & ( ! necess>y conditions ( exp]im5tal inve/igation4 ,at ?is juncture appe>$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,macaulay's fam\s attack on my fa!r's ,essay on ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is gave me mu* to ?9k ab\t4 ,i saw t ,macaulay's conception ( ! logic ( politics 0 errone\s2 t he /ood up = ! empirical mode ( treat+ political ph5om5a1 aga9/ ! philosophical2 t ev5 9 physical sci5ce 8 notions ( philosophiz+ might h recognis$ ,kepl]1 b w\ld h exclud$ ,newton & ,laplace4 ,b ,i c\ld n help feel+1 t ?\gh ! tone 0 unbecom+ 7an error = :i* ! writ]1 at a lat] p]iod1 made ! mo/ ample & hon\rable am5ds71 !re 0 tru? 9 sev]al ( 8 /rictures on my fa!r's treatm5t ( ! subject2 t my fa!r's premises 7 really too n>r[1 & includ$ b a small numb] ( ! g5]al tru?s on :i*1 9 politics1 ! important consequ5ces dep5d4 ,id5tity ( int]e/ betwe5 ! gov]n+ body & ! community at l>ge is n1 9 any practical s5se :i* c be atta*$ to x1 ! only ?+ on :i* good gov]nm5t dep5ds2 nei!r c ?is id5tity ( int]e/ be secur$ by ! m]e conditions ( election4 ,i 0 n at all satisfi$ ) ! mode 9 :i* my fa!r met ! criticisms ( ,macaulay4 ,he did n1 z ,i ?\ght he ought to h done1 ju/ify himself by say+1 ,i 0 n writ+ a sci5tific treatise on politics1 ,i 0 writ+ an argum5t = p>liam5t>y re=m4 ,he treat$ ,macaulay's argum5t z simply irrational2 an attack ^u ! reason+ faculty2 an example ( ! say+ ( ,hobbes1 t ,:5 reason is aga9/ a man1 a man w be aga9/ reason4 ,?is made me ?9k t !re 0 really some?+ m fundam5tally errone\s 9 my fa!r's conception ( philosophical me?od1 z applicable to politics1 ?an ,i _h hi!rto suppos$ !re 04 ,b ,i did n at fir/ see cle>ly :at ! error might be4 ,at la/ x fla%$ ^u me all at once 9 ! c\rse ( o!r /udies4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahcj ,i _h begun to put on pap] ! ideas on ,logic 7*iefly on ! di/9ctions among ,t]ms1 & ! import ( ,propositions7 :i* _h be5 sugge/$ & 9 "p work$ out 9 ! morn+ conv]sations already spok5 (4 ,hav+ secur$ ^! ?\ghts f be+ lo/1 ,i pu%$ on into ! o!r p>ts ( ! subject1 to try :e!r ,i c\ld d any?+ fur!r t[>ds cle>+ up ! !ory ( logic g5]ally4 ,i grappl$ at once ) ! problem ( ,induction1 po/pon+ t ( ,reason+1 on ! gr\nd t x is necess>y to obta9 premises be=e we c reason f !m4 ,n[1 ,induction is ma9ly a process = f9d+ ! causes ( effects3 & 9 attempt+ to fa?om ! mode ( trac+ causes & effects 9 physical sci5ce1 ,i soon saw t 9 ! m p]fect ( ! sci5ces1 we asc5d1 by g5]alization f p>ticul>s1 to ! t5d5cies ( causes consid]$ s+ly1 & !n reason d[nw>d f ^? sep>ate t5d5cies1 to ! effect ( ! same causes :5 comb9$4 ,i !n ask$ myself1 :at is ! ultimate analysis ( ?is d$uctive process2 ! common !ory ( ! syllogism evid5tly ?r[+ no light ^u x4 ,my practice 7le>nt f ,hobbes & my fa!r7 be+ to /udy ab/ract pr9ciples by means ( ! be/ concrete in/ances ,i c\ld f9d1 ! ,composition ( ,=ces1 9 dynamics1 occurr$ to me z ! mo/ complete example ( ! logical process ,i 0 inve/igat+4 ,on exam9+1 accord+ly1 :at ! m9d does :5 x applies ! pr9ciple ( ! ,composition ( ,=ces1 ,i f\nd t x p]=ms a simple act ( addition4 ,x adds ! sep>ate effect ( ! "o =ce to ! sep>ate effect ( ! o!r1 & puts d[n ! sum ( ^! sep>ate effects z ! jo9t effect4 ,b is ?is a legitimate process8 ,9 dynamics1 & 9 all ! ma!matical bran*es ( physics1 x is2 b 9 "s o!r cases1 z 9 *emi/ry1 x is n2 & ,i !n recollect$ t some?+ n unlike ?is 0 po9t$ out z "o ( ! di/9ctions betwe5 *emical & me*anical ph5om5a1 9 ! introduction to t fav\rite ( my boyhood1 ,?ompson's ,sy/em ( ,*emi/ry4 ,?is di/9ction at once made my m9d cle> z to :at 0 p]plex+ me 9 respect to ! philosophy ( politics4 ,i n[ saw1 t a sci5ce is ei!r d$uctive or exp]im5tal1 accord+ z1 9 ! prov9ce x deals )1 ! effects ( causes :5 conjo9$1 are or are n ! sums ( ! effects :i* ! same causes produce :5 sep>ate4 ,x foll[$ t politics mu/ be a d$uctive sci5ce4 ,x ?us appe>$1 t bo? ,macaulay & my fa!r 7 wrong2 ! "o 9 assimilat+ ! me?od ( philosophiz+ 9 politics to ! purely exp]im5tal me?od ( *emi/ry2 :ile ! o!r1 ?\gh "r 9 adopt+ a d$uctive me?od1 _h made a wrong selection ( "o1 hav+ tak5 z ! type ( d$uction1 n ! appropriate process1 t ( ! d$uctive bran*es ( natural philosophy1 b ! inappropriate "o ( pure geometry1 :i*1 n be+ a sci5ce ( causation at all1 does n require or admit ( any summ+-up ( effects4 ,a f\ndation 0 ?us laid 9 my ?\ghts = ! pr9cipal *apt]s ( :at ,i aft]w>ds publi%$ on ! ,logic ( ! ,moral ,sci5ces2 & my new position 9 respect to my old political cre$1 n[ became p]fectly def9ite4 ,if ,i am ask$1 :at sy/em ( political philosophy ,i sub/itut$ = t :i*1 z a philosophy1 ,i _h ab&on$1 ,i answ]1 ,no sy/em3 only a conviction t ! true sy/em 0 some?+ mu* m complex & _m-sid$ ?an ,i _h previ\sly _h any idea (1 & t its (fice 0 to supply1 n a set ( model in/itutions1 b pr9ciples f :i* ! in/itutions suitable to any giv5 circum/ances might be d$uc$4 ,! influ5ces ( ,european1 t is to say1 ,cont95tal1 ?\ght1 & especially ^? ( ! reaction ( ! n9ete5? c5tury aga9/ ! eighte5?1 7 n[ /ream+ 9 ^u me4 ,!y came f v>i\s qu>t]s3 f ! writ+s ( ,col]idge1 :i* ,i _h begun to read ) int]e/ ev5 be=e ! *ange 9 my op9ions2 f ! ,col]idgians ) :om ,i 0 9 p]sonal int]c\rse2 f :at ,i _h read ( ,goe!2 f ,c>lyle's e>ly articles 9 ! ,ed9burgh & ,=eign ,reviews1 ?\gh = a long "t ,i saw no?+ 9 ^! 7z my fa!r saw no?+ 9 !m to ! la/7 b insane rhapsody4 ,f ^! s\rces1 & f ! acqua9tance ,i kept up ) ! ,fr5* lit]ature ( ! "t1 ,i d]iv$1 among o!r ideas :i* ! g5]al turn+ upside d[n ( ! op9ions ( ,european ?9k]s _h br\ght upp]mo/1 ^! 9 p>ticul>3 ,t ! human m9d has a c]ta9 ord] ( possible progress1 9 :i* "s ?+s mu/ prec$e o!rs1 an ord] :i* gov]nm5ts & public in/ructors c modify to "s1 b n to an unlimit$ ext5t3 t all que/ions ( political in/itutions are relative1 n absolute1 & t diff]5t /ages ( human progress n only w h1 b ought to h1 diff]5t in/itutions3 t gov]nm5t is always ei!r 9 ! h&s1 or pass+ into ! h&s1 ( :atev] is ! /ronge/ p[] 9 society1 & t :at ?is p[] is1 does n dep5d on in/itutions1 b in/itutions on x3 t any g5]al !ory or philosophy ( politics supposes a previ\s !ory ( human progress1 & t ?is is ! same ?+ ) a philosophy ( hi/ory4 ,^! op9ions1 true 9 ! ma91 7 held 9 an exagg]at$ & viol5t mann] by ! ?9k]s ) :om ,i 0 n[ mo/ accu/om$ to comp>e notes1 & :o1 z usual ) a reaction1 ignor$ t half ( ! tru? :i* ! ?9k]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury saw4 ,b ?\gh1 at "o p]iod ( my progress1 ,i = "s "t und]valu$ t great c5tury1 ,i nev] jo9$ 9 ! reaction aga9/ x1 b kept z firm hold ( "o side ( ! tru? z ,i took ( ! o!r4 ,! fight betwe5 ! n9ete5? c5tury & ! eighte5? always rem9d$ me ( ! battle ab\t ! %ield1 "o side ( :i* 0 :ite & ! o!r black4 ,i m>vell$ at ! bl9d rage ) :i* ! combatants ru%$ aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,i appli$ to !m1 & to ,col]idge himself1 _m ( ,col]idge's say+s ab\t half tru?s2 & ,goe!'s device1 _m-sid$ness1 0 "o :i* ,i w\ld mo/ will+ly1 at ?is p]iod1 h tak5 = m9e4 ,! writ]s by :om1 m ?an by any o!rs1 a new mode ( political ?9k+ 0 br\ght home to me1 7 ^? ( ! ,/4 ,simonian s*ool 9 ,france4 ,9 #ahbi & #ahcj ,i became acqua9t$ ) "s ( _! writ+s4 ,!y 7 !n only 9 ! e>li] /ages ( _! speculations4 ,!y _h n yet dress$ out _! philosophy z a religion1 nor _h !y organiz$ _! s*eme ( ,socialism4 ,!y 7 j beg9n+ to "q ! pr9ciple ( h]$it>y prop]ty4 ,i 0 by no means prep>$ to g ) !m ev5 ?is l5g?2 b ,i 0 greatly /ruck ) ! connect$ view :i* !y = ! fir/ "t pres5t$ to me1 ( ! natural ord] ( human progress2 & especially ) _! division ( all hi/ory into organic p]iods & critical p]iods4 ,dur+ ! organic p]iods 7!y said7 mank9d accept ) firm conviction "s positive cre$1 claim+ jurisdiction ov] all _! actions1 & conta9+ m or less ( tru? & adaptation to ! ne$s ( humanity4 ,"u its influ5ce !y make all ! progress compatible ) ! cre$1 & f9ally outgr[ x2 :5 a p]iod foll[s ( criticism & negation1 9 :i* mank9d lose _! old convictions )\t acquir+ any new ones1 ( a g5]al or au?oritative "*1 except ! conviction t ! old are false4 ,! p]iod ( ,greek & ,roman poly!ism1 s long z really believ$ 9 by in/ruct$ ,greeks & ,romans1 0 an organic p]iod1 succe$$ by ! critical or sceptical p]iod ( ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,ano!r organic p]iod came 9 ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,! correspond+ critical p]iod began ) ! ,re=mation1 has la/$ ev] s9ce1 /ill la/s1 & _c altoge!r cease until a new organic p]iod has be5 inaugurat$ by ! triumph ( a yet m advanc$ cre$4 ,^! ideas1 ,i knew1 7 n peculi> to ! ,/4 ,simonians2 on ! contr>y1 !y 7 ! g5]al prop]ty ( ,europe1 or at lea/ ( ,g]many & ,france1 b !y _h nev]1 to my k1 be5 s completely sy/ematiz$ z by ^! writ]s1 nor ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( a critical p]iod s p[]fully set =?2 = ,i 0 n !n acqua9t$ ) ,fi*te's ,lectures on ! ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,pres5t ,age4 ,9 ,c>lyle1 inde$1 ,i f\nd bitt] d5unciations ( an age ( unbelief1 & ( ! pres5t age z su*1 :i* ,i1 l mo/ p at t "t1 suppos$ to be passionate prote/s 9 fav\r ( ! old modes ( belief4 ,b all t 0 true 9 ^! d5unciations1 ,i ?\ght t ,i f\nd m calmly & philosophically /at$ by ! ,/4 ,simonians4 ,among _! publications1 too1 !re 0 "o :i* seem$ to me f> sup]ior to ! re/2 9 :i* ! g5]al idea 0 matur$ into some?+ mu* m def9ite & in/ructive4 ,?is 0 an e>ly "w ( ,augu/e ,comte1 :o !n call$ himself1 & ev5 ann\nc$ himself 9 ! title-page z1 a pupil ( ,sa9t ,simon4 ,9 ?is tract ,m4 ,comte fir/ put =? ! doctr9e1 :i* he aft]w>ds s copi\sly illu/rat$1 ( ! natural succession ( ?ree /ages 9 e dep>tm5t ( human k3 fir/1 ! !ological1 next ! metaphysical1 & la/ly1 ! positive /age2 & cont5d$1 t social sci5ce mu/ be subject to ! same law2 t ! feudal & ,ca?olic sy/em 0 ! conclud+ phasis ( ! !ological /ate ( ! social sci5ce1 ,prote/antism ! comm5cem5t1 & ! doctr9es ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution ! consummation1 ( ! metaphysical2 & t its positive /ate 0 yet to come4 ,?is doctr9e h>moniz$ well ) my exi/+ notions1 to :i* x seem$ to give a sci5tific %ape4 ,i already reg>d$ ! me?ods ( physical sci5ce z ! prop] models = political4 ,b ! *ief b5efit :i* ,i d]iv$ at ?is "t f ! tra9s ( ?\ght sugge/$ by ! ,/4 ,simonians & by ,comte1 01 t ,i obta9$ a cle>] conception ?an ev] be=e ( ! peculi>ities ( an era ( transition 9 op9ion1 & ceas$ to mi/ake ! moral & intellectual *>act]i/ics ( su* an era1 = ! normal attributes ( humanity4 ,i look$ =w>d1 ?r\gh ! pres5t age ( l\d disputes b g5]ally weak convictions1 to a future :i* %all unite ! be/ qualities ( ! critical ) ! be/ qualities ( ! organic p]iods2 un*eck$ lib]ty ( ?\ght1 unb\nd$ fre$om ( individual action 9 all modes n hurtful to o!rs2 b also1 convictions z to :at is "r & wrong1 useful & p]nici\s1 deeply engrav5 on ! feel+s by e>ly education & g5]al unanimity ( s5tim5t1 & s firmly gr\nd$ 9 reason & 9 ! true exig5cies ( life1 t !y %all n1 l all =m] & pres5t cre$s1 religi\s1 e?ical1 & political1 require to be p]iodically ?r[n (f & replac$ by o!rs4 ,m4 ,comte soon left ! ,/4 ,simonians1 & ,i lo/ sight ( him & 8 writ+s = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,b ! ,/4 ,simonians ,i cont9u$ to cultivate4 ,i 0 kept au c\rant ( _! progress by "o ( _! mo/ en?usia/ic disciples1 ,m4 ,gu/ave d',ei*?al1 :o ab\t t "t pass$ a consid]able int]val 9 ,engl&4 ,i 0 introduc$ to _! *iefs1 ,baz>d & ,enfant91 9 #ahcj2 & z long z _! public tea*+s & proselytism cont9u$1 ,i read ne>ly ev]y?+ !y wrote4 ,_! criticisms on ! common doctr9es ( ,lib]alism seem$ to me full ( important tru?2 & x 0 p>tly by _! writ+s t my eyes 7 op5$ to ! v limit$ & tempor>y value ( ! old political economy1 :i* assumes private prop]ty & inh]itance z indefeasible facts1 & fre$om ( production & ex*ange z ! d]ni] mot ( social improvem5t4 ,! s*eme gradually unfold$ by ! ,/4 ,simonians1 "u :i* ! lab\r & capital ( society w\ld be manag$ = ! g5]al acc\nt ( ! community1 e individual be+ requir$ to take a %>e ( lab\r1 ei!r z ?9k]1 tea*]1 arti/1 or produc]1 all be+ class$ accord+ to _! capacity1 & remun]at$ accord+ to _! "w1 appe>$ to me a f> sup]ior description ( ,socialism to ,ow5's4 ,_! aim seem$ to me desirable & rational1 h[ev] _! means might be inefficaci\s2 & ?\gh ,i nei!r believ$ 9 ! practicability1 nor 9 ! b5eficial op]ation ( _! social ma*9]y1 ,i felt t ! proclamation ( su* an ideal ( human society c\ld n b t5d to give a b5eficial direction to ! ef=ts ( o!rs to br+ society1 z at pres5t con/itut$1 ne>] to "s ideal /&>d4 ,i hon\r$ !m mo/ ( all = :at !y h be5 mo/ cri$ d[n =--! boldness & fre$om f prejudice ) :i* !y treat$ ! subject ( ! family1 ! mo/ important ( any1 & ne$+ m fundam5tal alt]ations ?an rema9 to be made 9 any o!r great social in/itution1 b on :i* sc>cely any re=m] has ! c\rage to t\*4 ,9 proclaim+ ! p]fect equality ( m5 & wom51 & an entirely new ord] ( ?+s 9 reg>d to _! relations ) "o ano!r1 ! ,/4 ,simonians1 9 common ) ,ow5 & ,f\ri]1 h entitl$ !mselves to ! grateful remembrance ( future g5]ations4 ,9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is p]iod ( my life1 ,i h only specifi$ su* ( my new impressions z appe>$ to me1 bo? at ! "t & s9ce1 to be a k9d ( turn+ po9ts1 m>k+ a def9ite progress 9 my mode ( ?\ght4 ,b ^! few select$ po9ts give a v insuffici5t idea ( ! quantity ( ?9k+ :i* ,i c>ri$ on respect+ a ho/ ( subjects dur+ ^! ye>s ( transition4 ,mu* ( ?is1 x is true1 consi/$ 9 r$iscov]+ ?+s kn[n to all ! _w1 :i* ,i _h previ\sly disbeliev$ or disreg>d$4 ,b ! r$iscov]y 0 to me a discov]y1 giv+ me pl5>y possession ( ! tru?s1 n z traditional platitudes1 b fre% f _! s\rce2 & x seldom fail$ to place !m 9 "s new light1 by :i* !y 7 reconcil$ )1 & seem$ to confirm :ile !y modifi$1 ! tru?s less g5]ally kn[n :i* lay 9 my e>ly op9ions1 & 9 no ess5tial "p ( :i* ,i at any "t wav]$4 ,all my new ?9k+ only laid ! f\ndation ( ^! m deeply & /rongly1 :ile x (t5 remov$ misappreh5sion & confusion ( ideas :i* _h p]v]t$ _! effect4 ,= example1 dur+ ! lat] returns ( my dejection1 ! doctr9e ( :at is call$ ,philosophical ,necessity weigh$ on my exi/5ce l an incubus4 ,i felt z if ,i 0 sci5tifically prov$ to be ! helpless slave ( antec$5t circum/ances2 z if my "* & t ( all o!rs _h be5 =m$ = u by ag5cies beyond our control1 & 0 :olly out ( our own p[]4 ,i (t5 said to myself1 :at a relief x w\ld be if ,i c\ld disbelieve ! doctr9e ( ! =mation ( "* by circum/ances2 & rememb]+ ! wi% ( ,fox respect+ ! doctr9e ( resi/ance to gov]nm5ts1 t x might nev] be =gott5 by k+s1 nor rememb]$ by subjects1 ,i said t x w\ld be a bless+ if ! doctr9e ( necessity c\ld be believ$ by all quoad ! *>act]s ( o!rs1 & disbeliev$ 9 reg>d to _! own4 ,i pond]$ pa9fully on ! subject till gradually ,i saw light ?r\gh x4 ,i p]ceiv$1 t ! ^w ,necessity1 z a "n = ! doctr9e ( ,cause & ,effect appli$ to human action1 c>ri$ ) x a mislead+ association2 & t ?is association 0 ! op]ative =ce 9 ! depress+ & p>alys+ influ5ce :i* ,i _h exp]i5c$3 ,i saw t ?\gh our "* is =m$ by circum/ances1 our own desires c d mu* to %ape ^? circum/ances2 & t :at is really inspirit+ & ennobl+ 9 ! doctr9e ( freewill is ! conviction t we h real p[] ov] ! =mation ( our own "*2 t our w1 by influ5c+ "s ( our circum/ances1 c modify our future habits or capabilities ( will+4 ,all ?is 0 entirely consi/5t ) ! doctr9e ( circum/ances1 or r1 0 t doctr9e itself1 prop]ly und]/ood4 ,f t "t ,i drew1 9 my own m9d1 a cle> di/9ction betwe5 ! doctr9e ( circum/ances & ,fatalism2 disc>d+ altoge!r ! mislead+ ^w ,necessity4 ,! !ory1 :i* ,i n[ = ! fir/ "t rightly appreh5d$1 ceas$ altoge!r to be disc\rag+2 &1 besides ! relief to my spirits1 ,i no long] suff]$ "u ! burd5--s heavy to "o :o aims at be+ a re=m] 9 op9ions--( ?9k+ "o doctr9e true & ! contr>y doctr9e morally b5eficial4 ,! tra9 ( ?\ght :i* _h extricat$ me f ?is dilemma seem$ to me1 9 aft] ye>s1 fitt$ to r5d] a simil> s]vice to o!rs2 & x n[ =ms ! *apt] on ,lib]ty & ,necessity 9 ! conclud+ ,book ( my ,sy/em ( ,logic4 ,aga91 9 politics1 ?\gh ,i no long] accept$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,essay on ,gov]nm5t z a sci5tific !ory2 ?\gh ,i ceas$ to consid] repres5tative democracy z an absolute pr9ciple1 & reg>d$ x z a "q ( "t1 place1 & circum/ance2 ?\gh ,i n[ look$ ^u ! *oice ( political in/itutions z a moral & educational "q m ?an "o ( mat]ial int]e/s1 ?9k+ t x ought to be decid$ ma9ly by ! consid]ation1 :at great improvem5t 9 life & culture /&s next 9 ord] = ! p conc]n$1 z ! condition ( _! fur!r progress1 & :at in/itutions are mo/ likely to promote t2 nev]!less1 ?is *ange 9 ! premises ( my political philosophy did n alt] my practical political cre$ z to ! requirem5ts ( my own "t & c\ntry4 ,i 0 z mu* z ev] a ,radical & ,democrat = ,europe1 & especially = ,engl&4 ,i ?\ght ! pr$om9ance ( ! ari/ocratic classes1 ! noble & ! ri*1 9 ! ,engli% con/itution1 an evil wor? any /ruggle to get rid (2 n on acc\nt ( taxes1 or any su* comp>atively small inconv5i5ce1 b z ! great demoraliz+ ag5cy 9 ! c\ntry4 ,demoraliz+1 fir/1 because x made ! conduct ( ! ,gov]nm5t an example ( gross public immorality1 ?r\gh ! pr$om9ance ( private ov] public int]e/s 9 ! ,/ate1 & ! abuse ( ! p[]s ( legislation = ! advantage ( classes4 ,secondly1 & 9 a /ill great] degree1 because ! respect ( ! multitude always atta*+ itself pr9cipally to t :i*1 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( society1 is ! *ief passport to p[]2 & "u ,engli% in/itutions1 ri*es1 h]$it>y or acquir$1 be+ ! almo/ exclusive s\rce ( political importance2 ri*es1 & ! signs ( ri*es1 7 almo/ ! only ?+s really respect$1 & ! life ( ! p 0 ma9ly devot$ to ! pursuit ( !m4 ,i ?\ght1 t :ile ! high] & ri*] classes held ! p[] ( gov]nm5t1 ! in/ruction & improvem5t ( ! mass ( ! p 7 contr>y to ! self-int]e/ ( ^? classes1 because t5d+ to r5d] ! p m p[]ful = ?r[+ (f ! yoke3 b if ! democracy obta9$ a l>ge1 & p]haps ! pr9cipal %>e1 9 ! gov]n+ p[]1 x w\ld become ! int]e/ ( ! opul5t classes to promote _! education1 9 ord] to w>d (f really mis*iev\s errors1 & especially ^? :i* w\ld lead to unju/ violations ( prop]ty4 ,on ^! gr\nds ,i 0 n only z ard5t z ev] = democratic in/itutions1 b e>ne/ly hop$ t ,ow5ite1 ,/4 ,simonian1 & all o!r anti-prop]ty doctr9es might spread widely among ! poor] classes2 n t ,i ?\ght ^? doctr9es true1 or desir$ t !y %\ld be act$ on1 b 9 ord] t ! high] classes might be made to see t !y _h m to fe> f ! poor :5 un$ucat$ ?an :5 educat$4 ,9 ?is frame ( m9d ! ,fr5* ,revolution ( ,july f\nd me3 ,x r\s$ my utmo/ en?usiasm1 & gave me1 z x 71 a new exi/5ce4 ,i w5t at once to ,p>is1 0 introduc$ to ,lafayette1 & laid ! gr\ndwork ( ! int]c\rse ,i aft]w>ds kept up ) sev]al ( ! active *iefs ( ! extreme popul> p>ty4 ,aft] my return ,i ent]$ w>mly1 z a writ]1 into ! political discussions ( ! "t2 :i* soon became /ill m excit+1 by ! com+ 9 ( ,"l ,grey's ,m9i/ry1 & ! propos+ ( ! ,re=m ,bill4 ,= ! next few ye>s ,i wrote copi\sly 9 newspap]s4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ,fonblanque1 :o _h = "s "t writt5 ! political articles 9 ! ,exam9]1 became ! proprietor & editor ( ! pap]4 ,x is n =gott5 ) :at v]ve & tal5t1 z well z f9e wit1 he c>ri$ x on1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ,"l ,grey's ,m9i/ry1 & :at importance x assum$ z ! pr9cipal repres5tative1 9 ! newspap] press1 ( ,radical op9ions4 ,! di/+ui%+ "* ( ! pap] 0 giv5 to x entirely by 8 own articles1 :i* =m$ at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s ( all ! orig9al writ+ conta9$ 9 x3 b ( ! rema9+ f\r? ,i contribut$ dur+ ^? ye>s a mu* l>g] %>e ?an anyone else4 ,i wrote ne>ly all ! articles on ,fr5* subjects1 includ+ a weekly summ>y ( ,fr5* politics1 (t5 ext5d+ to consid]able l5g?2 toge!r ) _m lead+ articles on g5]al politics1 comm]cial & f9ancial legislation1 & any miscellane\s subjects 9 :i* ,i felt int]e/$1 & :i* 7 suitable to ! pap]1 includ+ occasional reviews ( books4 ,m]e newspap] articles on ! occurr5ces or que/ions ( ! mom5t1 gave no opportunity = ! developm5t ( any g5]al mode ( ?\ght2 b ,i attempt$1 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahca1 to embody 9 a s]ies ( articles1 head$ ,! ,_s ( ! ,age1 "s ( my new op9ions1 & especially to po9t out 9 ! "* ( ! pres5t age1 ! anomalies & evils *>act]i/ic ( ! transition f a sy/em ( op9ions :i* _h worn out1 to ano!r only 9 process ( be+ =m$4 ,^! articles1 71 ,i fancy1 lumb]+ 9 /yle1 & n lively or /rik+ en\gh to be1 at any "t1 acceptable to newspap] read]s2 b _h !y be5 f> m attractive1 /ill1 at t p>ticul> mom5t1 :5 great political *anges 7 imp5d+1 & engross+ all m9ds1 ^! discussions 7 ill-tim$1 & miss$ fire altoge!r4 ,! only effect :i* ,i "k to h be5 produc$ by !m1 0 t ,c>lyle1 !n liv+ 9 a seclud$ "p ( ,scotl&1 read !m 9 8 solitude1 &1 say+ to himself 7z he aft]w>ds told me7 ,"h is a new ,my/ic1 inquir$ on com+ to ,london t autumn respect+ _! au?or%ip2 an inquiry :i* 0 ! imm$iate cause ( our becom+ p]sonally acqua9t$4 ,i h already m5tion$ ,c>lyle's e>li] writ+s z "o ( ! *annels ?r\gh :i* ,i receiv$ ! influ5ces :i* enl>g$ my e>ly n>r[ cre$2 b ,i d n ?9k t ^? writ+s1 by !mselves1 w\ld ev] h _h any effect on my op9ions4 ,:at tru?s !y conta9$1 ?\gh ( ! v k9d :i* ,i 0 already receiv+ f o!r qu>t]s1 7 pres5t$ 9 a =m & ve/ure less suit$ ?an any o!r to give !m access to a m9d tra9$ z m9e _h be54 ,!y seem$ a haze ( poetry & ,g]man metaphysics1 9 :i* almo/ ! only cle> ?+ 0 a /rong animosity to mo/ ( ! op9ions :i* 7 ! basis ( my mode ( ?\ght2 religi\s scepticism1 utilit>ianism1 ! doctr9e ( circum/ances1 & ! atta*+ any importance to democracy1 logic1 or political economy4 ,in/ead ( my hav+ be5 taught any?+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by ,c>lyle1 x 0 only 9 proportion z ,i came to see ! same tru?s ?r\gh m$ia m suit$ to my m5tal con/itution1 t ,i recognis$ !m 9 8 writ+s4 ,!n1 inde$1 ! wond]ful p[] ) :i* he put !m =? made a deep impression ^u me1 & ,i 0 dur+ a long p]iod "o ( 8 mo/ f]v5t admir]s2 b ! good 8 writ+s did me1 0 n z philosophy to in/ruct1 b z poetry to animate4 ,ev5 at ! "t :5 our acqua9tance comm5c$1 ,i 0 n suffici5tly advanc$ 9 my new modes ( ?\ght to appreciate him fully2 a pro( ( :i* is1 t on 8 %[+ me ! manuscript ( ,s>tor ,res>tus1 8 be/ & greate/ "w1 :i* he j !n f9i%$1 ,i made little ( x2 ?\gh :5 x came out ab\t two ye>s aft]w>ds 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e ,i read x ) en?usia/ic admiration & ! ke5e/ delight4 ,i did n seek & cultivate ,c>lyle less on acc\nt ( ! fundam5tal diff]5ces 9 our philosophy4 ,he soon f\nd out t ,i 0 n ano!r my/ic1 & :5 = ! sake ( my own integrity ,i wrote to him a di/9ct pr(ession ( all ^? ( my op9ions :i* ,i knew he mo/ dislik$1 he repli$ t ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 u 0 t ,i 0 z yet consci\sly no?+ ( a my/ic4 ,i d n "k at :at p]iod he gave up ! expectation t ,i 0 de/9$ to become "o2 b ?\gh bo? 8 & my op9ions und]w5t 9 subsequ5t ye>s consid]able *anges1 we nev] approa*$ mu* ne>] to ea* o!r's modes ( ?\ght ?an we 7 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( our acqua9tance4 ,i did n1 h[ev]1 deem myself a compet5t judge ( ,c>lyle4 ,i felt t he 0 a poet1 & t ,i 0 n2 t he 0 a man ( intuition1 :i* ,i 0 n2 & t z su*1 he n only saw _m ?+s long be=e me1 :i* ,i c\ld only1 :5 !y 7 po9t$ out to me1 hobble aft] & prove1 b t x 0 highly probable he c\ld see _m ?+s :i* 7 n visible to me ev5 aft] !y 7 po9t$ out4 ,i knew t ,i c\ld n see r\nd him1 & c\ld nev] be c]ta9 t ,i saw ov] him2 & ,i nev] presum$ to judge him ) any def9it5ess1 until he 0 int]pret$ to me by "o greatly ! sup]ior ( u bo?--:o 0 m a poet ?an he1 & m a ?9k] ?an ,i--^: own m9d & nature includ$ 81 & inf9itely m4 ,among ! p]sons ( intellect :om ,i _h kn[n ( old1 ! "o ) :om ,i _h n[ mo/ po9ts ( agreem5t 0 ! eld] ,au/94 ,i h m5tion$ t he always set himself 9 opposition to our e>ly sect>ianism2 & latt]ly he _h1 l myself1 come "u new influ5ces4 ,hav+ be5 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,jurisprud5ce 9 ! ,london ,univ]sity 7n[ ,univ]sity ,college71 he _h liv$ = "s "t at ,bonn to /udy = 8 ,lectures2 & ! influ5ces ( ,g]man lit]ature & ( ! ,g]man "* & /ate ( society _h made a v p]ceptible *ange 9 8 views ( life4 ,8 p]sonal disposition 0 mu* s(t5$2 he 0 less militant & polemic2 8 ta/es _h begun to turn !mselves t[>ds ! poetic & contemplative4 ,he atta*$ mu* less importance ?an =m]ly to outw>d *anges2 unless accompani$ by a bett] cultivation ( ! inw>d nature4 ,he _h a /rong di/a/e = ! g5]al meanness ( ,engli% life1 ! abs5ce ( enl>g$ ?\ghts & unselfi% desires1 ! l[ objects on :i* ! faculties ( all classes ( ! ,engli% are int5t4 ,ev5 ! k9d ( public int]e/s :i* ,engli%m5 c>e =1 he held 9 v little e/eem4 ,he ?\ght t !re 0 m practical good gov]nm5t1 & 7:i* is true en\gh7 inf9itely m c>e = ! education & m5tal improvem5t ( all ranks ( ! p1 "u ! ,prussian mon>*y1 ?an "u ! ,engli% repres5tative gov]nm5t3 & he held1 ) ! ,fr5* ,economi/es1 t ! real security = good gov]nm5t is un peuple clair1 :i* is n always ! fruit ( popul> in/itutions1 & :i*1 if x c\ld be _h )\t !m1 w\ld d _! "w bett] ?an !y4 ,?\gh he approv$ ( ! ,re=m ,bill1 he pr$ict$1 :at 9 fact occurr$1 t x w\ld n produce ! great imm$iate improvem5ts 9 gov]nm5t :i* _m expect$ f x4 ,! m51 he said1 :o c\ld d ^! great ?+s did n exi/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re 7 _m po9ts ( sympa?y betwe5 him & me1 bo? 9 ! new op9ions he _h adopt$ & 9 ! old ones :i* he reta9$4 ,l me1 he nev] ceas$ to be a utilit>ian1 &1 ) all 8 love = ! ,g]mans & enjoym5t ( _! lit]ature1 nev] became 9 ! smalle/ degree reconcil$ to ! innate-pr9ciple metaphysics4 ,he cultivat$ m & m a k9d ( ,g]man religion1 a religion ( poetry & feel+ ) little1 if any?+1 ( positive dogma2 :ile 9 politics 7& "h x 0 t ,i mo/ diff]$ ) him7 he acquir$ an indiff]5ce1 bord]+ on contempt1 = ! progress ( popul> in/itutions3 ?\gh he rejoic$ 9 t ( ,socialism1 z ! mo/ effectual means ( compell+ ! p[]ful classes to educate ! p1 & to impress on !m ! only real means ( p]man5tly improv+ _! mat]ial condition1 a limitation ( _! numb]s4 ,nei!r 0 he1 at ?is "t1 fundam5tally oppos$ to ,socialism 9 itself z an ultimate result ( improvem5t4 ,he pr(ess$ great disrespect = :at he call$ ! univ]sal pr9ciples ( human nature ( ! political economi/s1 & insi/$ on ! evid5ce :i* hi/ory & daily exp]i5ce af=d ( ! extraord9>y pliability ( human nature 7a phrase :i* ,i h some:]e borr[$ f him72 nor did he ?9k x possible to set any positive b\nds to ! moral capabilities :i* might unfold !mselves 9 mank9d1 "u an enlight5$ direction ( social & educational influ5ces4 ,:e!r he reta9$ all ^! op9ions to ! end ( life ,i "k n4 ,c]ta9ly ! modes ( ?9k+ ( 8 lat] ye>s1 & especially ( 8 la/ publication1 7 mu* m ,tory 9 _! g5]al "* ?an ^? :i* he held at ?is "t4 ,my fa!r's tone ( ?\ght & feel+1 ,i n[ felt myself at a great di/ance f3 great]1 inde$1 ?an a full & calm explanation & reconsid]ation on bo? sides1 might h %[n to exi/ 9 reality4 ,b my fa!r 0 n "o ) :om calm & full explanations on fundam5tal po9ts ( doctr9e c\ld be expect$1 at lea/ ) "o :om he might consid] z1 9 "s sort1 a des]t] f 8 /&>d4 ,=tunately we 7 almo/ always 9 /rong agreem5t on ! political que/ions ( ! day1 :i* engross$ a l>ge "p ( 8 int]e/ & ( 8 conv]sation4 ,on ^? matt]s ( op9ion on :i* we diff]$1 we talk$ little4 ,he knew t ! habit ( ?9k+ = myself1 :i* 8 mode ( education _h fo/]$1 sometimes l$ me to op9ions diff]5t f 81 & he p]ceiv$ f "t to "t t ,i did n always tell him h[ diff]5t4 ,i expect$ no good1 b only pa9 to bo? ( u1 f discuss+ our diff]5ces3 & ,i nev] express$ !m b :5 he gave utt]ance to "s op9ion or feel+ repugnant to m9e1 9 a mann] :i* w\ld h made x dis+5u\sness on my "p to rema9 sil5t4 ,x rema9s to speak ( :at ,i wrote dur+ ^! ye>s1 :i*1 indep5d5tly ( my contributions to newspap]s1 0 consid]able4 ,9 #ahcj & #ahca ,i wrote ! five ,essays s9ce publi%$ "u ! title ( ,essays on "s ,unsettl$ ,que/ions ( political ,economy1 almo/ z !y n[ /&1 except t 9 #ahcc ,i p>tially rewrote ! fif? ,essay4 ,!y 7 writt5 ) no imm$iate purpose ( publication2 & :51 "s ye>s lat]1 ,i (f]$ !m to a publi%]1 he decl9$ !m4 ,!y 7 only pr9t$ 9 #ahdd1 aft] ! success ( ! ,sy/em ( ,logic4 ,i also resum$ my speculations on ?is la/ subject1 & puzzl$ myself1 l o!rs be=e me1 ) ! great p>adox ( ! discov]y ( new tru?s by g5]al reason+4 ,z to ! fact1 !re c\ld be no d\bt4 ,z little c\ld x be d\bt$1 t all reason+ is resolvable into syllogisms1 & t 9 e syllogism ! conclusion is actually conta9$ & impli$ 9 ! premises4 ,h[1 be+ s conta9$ & impli$1 x c\ld be new tru?1 & h[ ! !orems ( geometry1 s diff]5t 9 appe>ance f ! def9itions & axioms1 c\ld be all conta9$ 9 ^!1 0 a difficulty :i* no1 "o1 ,i ?\ght1 _h suffici5tly felt1 & :i*1 at all ev5ts1 no "o _h succe$$ 9 cle>+ up4 ,! explanations (f]$ by ,:ately & o!rs1 ?\gh !y might give a tempor>y satisfaction1 always1 9 my m9d1 left a mi/ /ill hang+ ov] ! subject4 ,at la/1 :5 read+ a second or ?ird "t ! *apt]s on ,reason+ 9 ! second volume ( ,dugald ,/ew>t1 int]rogat+ myself on e po9t1 & foll[+ out1 z f> z ,i knew h[1 e topic ( ?\ght :i* ! book sugge/$1 ,i came ^u an idea ( 8 respect+ ! use ( axioms 9 ratioc9ation1 :i* ,i did n rememb] to h be=e notic$1 b :i* n[1 9 m$itat+ on x1 seem$ to me n only true ( axioms1 b ( all g5]al propositions :atev]1 & to be ! key ( ! :ole p]plexity4 ,f ?is g]m grew ! !ory ( ! ,syllogism prop\nd$ 9 ! ,second ,book ( ! ,logic2 :i* ,i imm$iately fix$ by writ+ x out4 ,& n[1 ) greatly increas$ hope ( be+ able to produce a "w on ,logic1 ( "s orig9ality & value1 ,i proce$$ to write ! ,fir/ ,book1 f ! r\gh & imp]fect draft ,i _h already made4 ,:at ,i n[ wrote became ! basis ( t "p ( ! subsequ5t ,treatise2 except t x did n conta9 ! ,!ory ( ,k9ds1 :i* 0 a lat] addition1 sugge/$ by o!rwise inextricable difficulties :i* met me 9 my fir/ attempt to "w out ! subject ( "s ( ! conclud+ *apt]s ( ! ,?ird ,book4 ,at ! po9t :i* ,i _h n[ rea*$ ,i made a halt1 :i* la/$ five ye>s4 ,i _h come to ! end ( my te!r2 ,i c\ld make no?+ satisfactory ( ,induction1 at ?is "t4 ,i cont9u$ to read any book :i* seem$ to promise light on ! subject1 & appropriat$1 z well z ,i c\ld1 ! results2 b = a long "t ,i f\nd no?+ :i* seem$ to op5 to me any v important ve9 ( m$itation4 ,9 #ahcb ,i wrote sev]al pap]s = ! fir/ s]ies ( ,tait's ,magaz9e1 & "o = a qu>t]ly p]iodical call$ ! ,juri/1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$1 & = a %ort "t c>ri$ on1 by a set ( fri5ds1 all lawy]s & law re=m]s1 ) sev]al ( :om ,i 0 acqua9t$4 ,! pap] 9 "q is ! "o on ! rights & duties ( ! ,/ate respect+ ,corporation & ,*ur* ,prop]ty1 n[ /&+ fir/ among ! collect$ ,diss]tations & ,discussions2 :]e "o ( my articles 9 ,tait1 ,! ,curr5cy ,juggle1 also appe>s4 ,9 ! :ole mass ( :at ,i wrote previ\s to ^!1 !re is no?+ ( suffici5t p]man5t value to ju/ify repr9t+4 ,! pap] 9 ! ,juri/1 :i* ,i /ill ?9k a v complete discussion ( ! rights ( ! ,/ate ov] ,f\ndations1 %[$ bo? sides ( my op9ions1 ass]t+ z firmly z ,i %\ld h done at any "t1 ! doctr9e t all end[m5ts are national prop]ty1 :i* ! gov]nm5t may & ought to control2 b n1 z ,i %\ld once h done1 condemn+ end[m5ts 9 !mselves1 & propos+ t !y %\ld be tak5 to pay (f ! national debt4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i urg$ /r5u\sly ! importance ( a provision = education1 n dep5d5t on ! m]e dem& ( ! m>ket1 t is1 on ! k & disc]nm5t ( av]age p>5ts1 b calculat$ to e/abli% & keep up a high] /&>d ( in/ruction ?an is likely to be spontane\sly dem&$ by ! buy]s ( ! article4 ,all ^! op9ions h be5 confirm$ & /r5g!n$ by ! :ole ( my subsequ5t reflections4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,,fri5d%ip ,,( ,,my ,,life4 ,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,dea?4 ,,writ+s ,,& ,,o!r ,,proce$+s ,,up ,,to #ahdj4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( my m5tal progress :i* ,i h n[ rea*$ t ,i =m$ ! fri5d%ip :i* has be5 ! hon\r & *ief bless+ ( my exi/5ce1 z well z ! s\rce ( a great "p ( all t ,i h attempt$ to d1 or hope to effect h]eaft]1 = human improvem5t4 ,my fir/ introduction to ! lady :o1 aft] a fri5d%ip ( tw5ty ye>s1 cons5t$ to become my wife1 0 9 #ahcj1 :5 ,i 0 9 my tw5ty-fif? & %e 9 h] tw5ty-?ird ye>4 ,) h] husb&'s family x 0 ! r5ewal ( an old acqua9tance%ip4 ,8 gr&fa!r liv$ 9 ! next h\se to my fa!r's 9 ,new+ton ,gre51 & ,i _h sometimes :5 a boy be5 invit$ to play 9 ! old g5tleman's g>d54 ,he 0 a f9e specim5 ( ! old ,scot* puritan2 /]n1 sev]e1 & p[]ful1 b v k9d to *ildr51 on :om su* m5 make a la/+ impression4 ,al?\gh x 0 ye>s aft] my introduction to ,mrs4 ,taylor be=e my acqua9tance ) h] became at all intimate or confid5tial1 ,i v soon felt h] to be ! mo/ admirable p]son ,i _h ev] kn[n4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t %e 01 or t any "o1 at ! age at :i* ,i fir/ saw h]1 c\ld be1 all t %e aft]w>ds became4 ,lea/ ( all c\ld ?is be true ( h]1 ) :om self-improvem5t1 progress 9 ! highe/ & 9 all s5ses1 0 a law ( h] nature2 a necessity equally f ! ard\r ) :i* %e s\ght x1 & f ! spontane\s t5d5cy ( faculties :i* c\ld n receive an impression or an exp]i5ce )\t mak+ x ! s\rce or ! occasion ( an accession ( wisdom4 ,up to ! "t :5 ,i fir/ saw h]1 h] ri* & p[]ful nature _h *iefly unfold$ itself accord+ to ! receiv$ type ( fem99e g5ius4 ,to h] out] circle %e 0 a beauty & a wit1 ) an air ( natural di/9ction1 felt by all :o approa*$ h]3 to ! inn]1 a woman ( deep & /rong feel+1 ( p5etrat+ & intuitive intellig5ce1 & ( an em95tly m$itative & poetic nature4 ,m>ri$ at an e>ly age to a mo/ upright1 brave1 & hon\rable man1 ( lib]al op9ions & good education1 b )\t ! intellectual or arti/ic ta/es :i* w\ld h made him a companion = h]1 ?\gh a /eady & affectionate fri5d1 = :om %e _h true e/eem & ! /ronge/ affection ?r\gh life1 & :om %e mo/ deeply lam5t$ :5 dead2 %ut out by ! social disabilities ( wom5 f any adequate ex]cise ( h] highe/ faculties 9 action on ! _w )\t2 h] life 0 "o ( inw>d m$itation1 v>i$ by famili> int]c\rse ) a small circle ( fri5ds1 ( :om "o only 7long s9ce deceas$7 0 a p]son ( g5ius1 or ( capacities ( feel+ or intellect k9dr$ ) h] own1 b all _h m or less ( alliance ) h] 9 s5tim5ts & op9ions4 ,into ?is circle ,i _h ! good =tune to be admitt$1 & ,i soon p]ceiv$ t %e possess$ 9 comb9ation1 ! qualities :i* 9 all o!r p]sons :om ,i _h kn[n ,i _h be5 only too happy to f9d s+ly4 ,9 h]1 complete emancipation f e k9d ( sup]/ition 7includ+ t :i* attributes a pret5d$ p]fection to ! ord] ( nature & ! univ]se71 & an e>ne/ prote/ aga9/ _m ?+s :i* are /ill "p ( ! e/abli%$ con/itution ( society1 result$ n f ! h>d intellect1 b f /r5g? ( noble & elevat$ feel+1 & co-exi/$ ) a highly rev]5tial nature4 ,9 g5]al spiritual *>act]i/ics1 z well z 9 temp]am5t & organisation1 ,i h (t5 comp>$ h]1 z %e 0 at ?is "t1 to ,%elley3 b 9 ?\ght & intellect1 ,%elley1 s f> z 8 p[]s 7 develop$ 9 8 %ort life1 0 b a *ild comp>$ ) :at %e ultimately became4 ,alike 9 ! highe/ regions ( speculation & 9 ! small] practical conc]ns ( daily life1 h] m9d 0 ! same p]fect in/rum5t1 pi]c+ to ! v he>t & m>r[ ( ! matt]2 always seiz+ ! ess5tial idea or pr9ciple4 ,! same exactness & rapidity ( op]ation1 p]vad+ z x did h] s5sitive z well z h] m5tal faculties1 w\ld1 ) h] gifts ( feel+ & imag9ation1 h fitt$ h] to be a consummate arti/1 z h] fi]y & t5d] s\l & h] vigor\s eloqu5ce w\ld c]ta9ly h made h] a great orator1 & h] pr(\nd k ( human nature & disc]nm5t & sagacity 9 practical life1 w\ld1 9 ! times :5 su* a c>rire 0 op5 to wom51 h made h] em95t among ! rul]s ( mank9d4 ,h] intellectual gifts did b m9i/] to a moral "* at once ! noble/ & ! be/ balanc$ :i* ,i h ev] met ) 9 life4 ,h] unselfi%ness 0 n t ( a taught sy/em ( duties1 b ( a he>t :i* ?or\ghly id5tifi$ itself ) ! feel+s ( o!rs1 & (t5 w5t to excess 9 consid]ation = !m by imag9atively inve/+ _! feel+s ) ! int5sity ( its own4 ,! passion ( ju/ice might h be5 ?\ght to be h] /ronge/ feel+1 b = h] b\ndless g5]osity1 & a lov+ness ev] ready to p\r itself =? ^u any or all human be+s :o 7 capable ( giv+ ! smalle/ feel+ 9 return4 ,! re/ ( h] moral *>act]i/ics 7 su* z naturally accompany ^! qualities ( m9d & he>t3 ! mo/ g5u9e mode/y comb9$ ) ! l(tie/ pride2 a simplicity & s9c]ity :i* 7 absolute1 t[>ds all :o 7 fit to receive !m2 ! utmo/ scorn ( :atev] 0 mean & c[>dly1 & a burn+ indignation at ev]y?+ brutal or tyrannical1 fai?less or di%on\rable 9 conduct & "*1 :ile mak+ ! broade/ di/9ction betwe5 mala 9 se & m]e mala prohibita--betwe5 acts giv+ evid5ce ( intr9sic badness 9 feel+ & "*1 & ^? :i* are only violations ( conv5tions ei!r good or bad1 violations :i*1 :e!r 9 !mselves "r or wrong1 are capable ( be+ committ$ by p]sons 9 e o!r respect lovable or admirable4 ,to be admitt$ into any degree ( m5tal int]c\rse ) a be+ ( ^! qualities1 c\ld n b h a mo/ b5eficial influ5ce on my developm5t2 ?\gh ! effect 0 only gradual1 & _m ye>s elaps$ be=e h] m5tal progress & m9e w5t =w>d 9 ! complete companion%ip !y at la/ atta9$4 ,! b5efit ,i receiv$ 0 f> great] ?an any :i* ,i c\ld hope to give2 ?\gh to h]1 :o _h at fir/ rea*$ h] op9ions by ! moral intuition ( a "* ( /rong feel+1 !re 0 d\btless help z well z enc\ragem5t to be d]iv$ f "o :o _h arriv$ at _m ( ! same results by /udy & reason+3 & 9 ! rapidity ( h] intellectual gr[?1 h] m5tal activity1 :i* conv]t$ ev]y?+ into k1 d\btless drew f me1 z x did f o!r s\rces1 _m ( its mat]ials4 ,:at ,i owe1 ev5 intellectually1 to h]1 is 9 its detail1 almo/ inf9ite2 ( its g5]al "* a few words w give "s1 ?\gh a v imp]fect1 idea4 ,) ^? :o1 l all ! be/ & wise/ ( mank9d1 are dissatisfi$ ) human life z x is1 & ^: feel+s are :olly id5tifi$ ) its radical am5dm5t1 !re are two ma9 regions ( ?\ght4 ,"o is ! region ( ultimate aims2 ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! highe/ realizable ideal ( human life4 ,! o!r is t ( ! imm$iately useful & practically atta9able4 ,9 bo? ^! dep>tm5ts1 ,i h acquir$ m f h] tea*+1 ?an f all o!r s\rces tak5 toge!r4 ,&1 to say tru?1 x is 9 ^! two extremes pr9cipally1 t real c]ta9ty lies4 ,my own /r5g? lay :olly 9 ! unc]ta9 & slipp]y int]m$iate region1 t ( !ory1 or moral & political sci5ce3 respect+ ! conclusions ( :i*1 9 any ( ! =ms 9 :i* ,i h receiv$ or orig9at$ !m1 :e!r z political economy1 analytic psy*ology1 logic1 philosophy ( hi/ory1 or any?+ else1 x is n ! lea/ ( my intellectual obligations to h] t ,i h d]iv$ f h] a wise scepticism1 :i*1 :ile x has n h9d]$ me f foll[+ out ! hone/ ex]cise ( my ?9k+ faculties to :atev] conclusions might result f x1 has put me on my gu>d aga9/ hold+ or ann\nc+ ^! conclusions ) a degree ( confid5ce :i* ! nature ( su* speculations does n w>rant1 & has kept my m9d n only op5 to admit1 b prompt to welcome & eag] to seek1 ev5 on ! que/ions on :i* ,i h mo/ m$itat$1 any prospect ( cle>] p]ceptions & bett] evid5ce4 ,i h (t5 receiv$ praise1 :i* 9 my own "r ,i only p>tially des]ve1 = ! great] practicality :i* is suppos$ to be f\nd 9 my writ+s1 comp>$ ) ^? ( mo/ ?9k]s :o h be5 equally addict$ to l>ge g5]alizations4 ,! writ+s 9 :i* ?is quality has be5 obs]v$1 7 n ! "w ( "o m9d1 b ( ! fusion ( two1 "o ( !m z pre-em95tly practical 9 its judgm5ts & p]ceptions ( ?+s pres5t1 z x 0 high & bold 9 its anticipations = a remote futurity4 ,at ! pres5t p]iod1 h[ev]1 ?is influ5ce 0 only "o among _m :i* 7 help+ to %ape ! "* ( my future developm5t3 & ev5 aft] x became1 ,i may truly say1 ! presid+ pr9ciple ( my m5tal progress1 x did n alt] ! pa?1 b only made me move =w>d m boldly1 &1 at ! same "t1 m cauti\sly1 9 ! same c\rse4 ,! only actual revolution :i* has ev] tak5 place 9 my modes ( ?9k+1 0 already complete4 ,my new t5d5cies _h to be confirm$ 9 "s respects1 mod]at$ 9 o!rs3 b ! only sub/antial *anges ( op9ion t 7 yet to come1 relat$ to politics1 & consi/$1 on "o h&1 9 a great] approximation1 s f> z reg>ds ! ultimate prospects ( humanity1 to a qualifi$ ,socialism1 & on ! o!r1 a %ift+ ( my political ideal f pure democracy1 z commonly und]/ood by its p>tisans1 to ! modifi$ =m ( x1 :i* is set =? 9 my ,consid]ations on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is la/ *ange1 :i* took place v gradually1 dates its comm5cem5t f my read+1 or r /udy1 ( ,m4 de ,tocqueville's ,democracy 9 ,am]ica1 :i* fell into my h&s imm$iately aft] its fir/ appe>ance4 ,9 t rem>kable "w1 ! excell5ces ( democracy 7 po9t$ out 9 a m conclusive1 because a m specific mann] ?an ,i _h ev] kn[n !m to be1 ev5 by ! mo/ en?usia/ic democrats2 :ile ! specific dang]s :i* beset democracy1 consid]$ z ! gov]nm5t ( ! num]ical majority1 7 br\ght into equally /rong light1 & subject$ to a ma/]ly analysis1 n z reasons = resi/+ :at ! au?or consid]$ z an inevitable result ( human progress1 b z indications ( ! weak po9ts ( popul> gov]nm5t1 ! def5ces by :i* x ne$s to be gu>d$1 & ! correctives :i* mu/ be add$ to x 9 ord] t :ile full play is giv5 to its b5eficial t5d5cies1 ^? :i* are ( a diff]5t nature may be neutraliz$ or mitigat$4 ,i 0 n[ well prep>$ = speculations ( ?is "*1 & f ?is "t onw>d my own ?\ghts mov$ m & m 9 ! same *annel1 ?\gh ! consequ5t modifications 9 my practical political cre$ 7 spread ov] _m ye>s1 z w\ld be %[n by comp>+ my fir/ review ( ,democracy 9 ,am]ica1 writt5 & publi%$ 9 #ahce1 ) ! "o 9 #ahdj 7repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations71 & ?is la/1 ) ! ,consid]ations on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4 ,a collat]al subject on :i* also ,i d]iv$ great b5efit f ! /udy ( ,tocqueville1 0 ! fundam5tal "q ( c5tralization4 ,! p[]ful philosophic analysis :i* he appli$ to ,am]ican & to ,fr5* exp]i5ce1 l$ him to atta* ! utmo/ importance to ! p]=mance ( z mu* ( ! collective bus9ess ( society1 z c safely be s p]=m$1 by ! p !mselves1 )\t any int]v5tion ( ! executive gov]nm5t1 ei!r to sup]s$e _! ag5cy1 or to dictate ! mann] ( its ex]cise4 ,he view$ ?is practical political activity ( ! individual citiz51 n only z "o ( ! mo/ effectual means ( tra9+ ! social feel+s & practical intellig5ce ( ! p1 s important 9 !mselves & s indisp5sable to good gov]nm5t1 b also z ! specific c\nt]active to "s ( ! *>act]i/ic infirmities ( democracy1 & a necess>y protection aga9/ its deg5]at+ into ! only despotism ( :i*1 9 ! mod]n _w1 !re is real dang]--! absolute rule ( ! head ( ! executive ov] a congregation ( isolat$ individuals1 all equals b all slaves4 ,!re 01 inde$1 no imm$iate p]il f ?is s\rce on ! ,briti% side ( ! *annel1 :]e n9e-t5?s ( ! int]nal bus9ess :i* else:]e devolves on ! gov]nm5t1 0 transact$ by ag5cies indep5d5t ( x2 :]e c5tralization 01 & is1 ! subject n only ( rational disapprobation1 b ( unreason+ prejudice2 :]e jeal\sy ( ,gov]nm5t int]f]5ce 0 a bl9d feel+ prev5t+ or resi/+ ev5 ! mo/ b5eficial ex]tion ( legislative au?ority to correct ! abuses ( :at pret5ds to be local self-gov]nm5t1 b is1 too (t51 selfi% mismanagem5t ( local int]e/s1 by a jobb+ & born local olig>*y4 ,b ! m c]ta9 ! public 7 to g wrong on ! side oppos$ to c5tralization1 ! great] dang] 0 !re le/ philosophic re=m]s %\ld fall into ! contr>y error1 & ov]look ! mis*iefs ( :i* !y _h be5 sp>$ ! pa9ful exp]i5ce4 ,i 0 myself1 at ?is v "t1 actively engag$ 9 def5d+ important measures1 su* z ! great ,poor ,law ,re=m ( #ahcd1 aga9/ an irrational clam\r gr\nd$ on ! anti-c5tralization prejudice3 & _h x n be5 = ! lessons ( ,tocqueville1 ,i d n "k t ,i might n1 l _m re=m]s be=e me1 h be5 hurri$ into ! excess opposite to t1 :i*1 be+ ! "o preval5t 9 my own c\ntry1 x 0 g5]ally my bus9ess to combat4 ,z x is1 ,i h /e]$ c>efully betwe5 ! two errors1 & :e!r ,i h or h n drawn ! l9e betwe5 !m exactly 9 ! "r place1 ,i h at lea/ insi/$ ) equal emphasis ^u ! evils on bo? sides1 & h made ! means ( reconcil+ ! advantages ( bo?1 a subject ( s]i\s /udy4 ,9 ! mean:ile _h tak5 place ! election ( ! fir/ ,re=m$ ,p>liam5t1 :i* includ$ sev]al ( ! mo/ notable ( my ,radical fri5ds & acqua9tances--,grote1 ,roebuck1 ,bull]1 ,sir ,william ,moleswor?1 ,john & ,edw>d ,romilly1 & sev]al m2 besides ,w>burton1 ,/rutt1 & o!rs1 :o 7 9 p>liam5t already4 ,^? :o ?\ght !mselves1 & 7 call$ by _! fri5ds1 ! philosophic ,radicals1 _h n[1 x seem$1 a fair opportunity1 9 a m advantage\s position ?an !y _h ev] be=e occupi$1 = %[+ :at 0 9 !m2 & ,i1 z well z my fa!r1 f\nd$ great hopes on !m4 ,^! hopes 7 de/9$ to be disappo9t$4 ,! m5 7 hone/1 & fai?ful to _! op9ions1 z f> z votes 7 conc]n$2 (t5 9 spite ( mu* disc\ragem5t4 ,:5 measures 7 propos$1 flagrantly at v>iance ) _! pr9ciples1 su* z ! ,iri% ,co]cion ,bill1 or ! ,canada ,co]cion 9 #ahcg1 !y came =w>d manfully1 & brav$ any am\nt ( ho/ility & prejudice r ?an des]t ! "r4 ,b on ! :ole !y did v little to promote any op9ions2 !y _h little ent]prise1 little activity3 !y left ! lead ( ! ,radical portion ( ! ,h\se to ! old h&s1 to ,hume & ,o',connell4 ,a p>tial exception mu/ be made 9 fav\r ( "o or two ( ! y\ng] m52 & 9 ! case ( ,roebuck1 x is 8 title to p]man5t remembrance1 t 9 ! v fir/ ye> dur+ :i* he sat 9 ,p>liam5t1 he orig9at$ 7or re-orig9at$ aft] ! unsuccessful attempt ( ,mr4 ,br\gham7 ! p>liam5t>y movem5t = ,national ,education2 & t he 0 ! fir/ to comm5ce1 & = ye>s c>ri$ on almo/ alone1 ! conte/ = ! self-gov]nm5t ( ! ,colonies4 ,no?+1 on ! :ole equal to ^! two ?+s1 0 done by any o!r individual1 ev5 ( ^? f :om mo/ 0 expect$4 ,& n[1 on a calm retrospect1 ,i c p]ceive t ! m5 7 less 9 fault ?an we suppos$1 & t we _h expect$ too mu* f !m4 ,!y 7 9 unfav\rable circum/ances4 ,_! lot 0 ca/ 9 ! t5 ye>s ( inevitable reaction1 :51 ! ,re=m excitem5t be+ ov]1 & ! few legislative improvem5ts :i* ! public really call$ = hav+ be5 rapidly effect$1 p[] gravitat$ back 9 its natural direction1 to ^? :o 7 = keep+ ?+s z !y 72 :5 ! public m9d desir$ re/1 & 0 less dispos$ ?an at any o!r p]iod s9ce ! ,peace1 to let itself be mov$ by attempts to "w up ! ,re=m feel+ into fre% activity 9 fav\r ( new ?+s4 ,x w\ld h requir$ a great political lead]1 :i* no "o is to be blam$ = n be+1 to h effect$ really great ?+s by p>liam5t>y discussion :5 ! nation 0 9 ?is mood4 ,my fa!r & ,i _h hop$ t "s compet5t lead] might arise2 "s man ( philosophic atta9m5ts & popul> tal5ts1 :o c\ld h put he>t into ! _m y\ng] or less di/+ui%$ m5 t w\ld h be5 ready to jo9 him--c\ld h made !m available1 to ! ext5t ( _! tal5ts1 9 br++ advanc$ ideas be=e ! public--c\ld h us$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons z a ro/ra or a tea*]'s *air = in/ruct+ & impell+ ! public m9d2 & w\ld ei!r h =c$ ! ,:igs to receive _! measures f him1 or h tak5 ! lead ( ! ,re=m p>ty out ( _! h&s4 ,su* a lead] !re w\ld h be51 if my fa!r _h be5 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,= want ( su* a man1 ! in/ruct$ ,radicals sank into a m]e ,ct ,gau*e ( ! ,:ig p>ty4 ,) a ke51 & z ,i n[ ?9k1 an exagg]at$ s5se ( ! possibilities :i* 7 op5 to ! ,radicals if !y made ev5 ord9>y ex]tion = _! op9ions1 ,i lab\r$ f ?is "t till #ahci1 bo? by p]sonal influ5ce ) "s ( !m1 & by writ+s1 to put ideas into _! heads1 & purpose into _! he>ts4 ,i did "s good ) ,*>les ,bull]1 & "s ) ,sir ,william ,moleswor?2 bo? ( :om did valuable s]vice1 b 7 unhappily cut (f almo/ 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! usefulness4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 my attempt 0 va94 ,to h _h a *ance ( succe$+ 9 x1 requir$ a diff]5t position f m9e4 ,x 0 a task only = "o :o1 be+ himself 9 ,p>liam5t1 c\ld h mix$ ) ! ,radical memb]s 9 daily consultation1 c\ld himself h tak5 ! initiative1 & in/ead ( urg+ o!rs to lead1 c\ld h summon$ !m to foll[4 ,:at ,i c\ld d by writ+1 ,i did4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahcc ,i cont9u$ work+ 9 ! ,exam9] ) ,fonblanque :o at t "t 0 zeal\s 9 keep+ up ! fight = ,radicalism aga9/ ! ,:ig m9i/ry4 ,dur+ ! session ( #ahcd ,i wrote comm5ts on pass+ ev5ts1 ( ! nature ( newspap] articles 7"u ! title ,notes on ! ,newspap]s71 9 ! ,mon?ly ,repository1 a magaz9e conduct$ by ,mr4 ,fox1 well kn[n z a prea*] & political orator1 & subsequ5tly z memb] ( p>liam5t = ,oldham2 ) :om ,i _h lately become acqua9t$1 & = ^: sake *iefly ,i wrote 9 8 magaz9e4 ,i contribut$ sev]al o!r articles to ?is p]iodical1 ! mo/ consid]able ( :i* 7on ! !ory ( ,poetry71 is repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations4 ,altoge!r1 ! writ+s 7indep5d5tly ( ^? 9 newspap]s7 :i* ,i publi%$ f #ahcb to #ahcd1 am\nt to a l>ge volume4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 includes ab/racts ( sev]al ( ,plato's ,dialogues1 ) introductory rem>ks1 :i*1 ?\gh n publi%$ until #ahcd1 _h be5 writt5 sev]al ye>s e>li]2 & :i* ,i aft]w>ds1 on v>i\s occasions1 f\nd to h be5 read1 & _! au?or%ip kn[n1 by m p ?an 7 aw>e ( any?+ else :i* ,i _h writt51 up to t "t4 ,to complete ! tale ( my writ+s at ?is p]iod1 ,i may add t 9 #ahcc1 at ! reque/ ( ,bulw]1 :o 0 j !n complet+ 8 ,engl& & ! ,engli% 7a "w1 at t "t1 greatly 9 advance ( ! public m9d71 ,i wrote = him a critical acc\nt ( ,b5?am's philosophy1 a small "p ( :i* he incorporat$ 9 8 text1 & pr9t$ ! re/ 7) an hon\rable ackn[l$gm5t71 z an app5dix4 ,9 ?is1 along ) ! fav\rable1 a "p also ( ! unfav\rable side ( my e/imation ( ,b5?am's doctr9es1 consid]$ z a complete philosophy1 0 = ! fir/ "t put into pr9t4 ,b an opportunity soon (f]$1 by :i*1 z x seem$1 ,i might h x 9 my p[] to give m effectual aid1 & at ! same "t1 /imulus1 to ! philosophic ,radical p>ty1 ?an ,i _h done hi!rto4 ,"o ( ! projects occasionally talk$ ( betwe5 my fa!r & me1 & "s ( ! p>liam5t>y & o!r ,radicals :o frequ5t$ 8 h\se1 0 ! f\ndation ( a p]iodical organ ( philosophic radicalism1 to take ! place :i* ! ,we/m9/] ,review _h be5 int5d$ to fill3 & ! s*eme _h gone s f> z to br+ "u discussion ! pecuni>y contributions :i* c\ld be look$ =1 & ! *oice ( an editor4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 came ( x = "s "t3 b 9 ! summ] ( #ahcd ,sir ,william ,moleswor?1 himself a labori\s /ud5t1 & a precise & metaphysical ?9k]1 capable ( aid+ ! cause by 8 p5 z well z by 8 purse1 spontane\sly propos$ to e/abli% a ,review1 provid$ ,i w\ld cons5t to be ! real1 if ,i c\ld n be ! o/5sible1 editor4 ,su* a proposal 0 n to be refus$2 & ! ,review 0 f\nd$1 at fir/ "u ! title ( ! ,london ,review1 & aft]w>ds "u t ( ! ,london & ,we/m9/]1 ,moleswor? hav+ b\ght ! ,we/m9/] f its proprietor1 ,g5]al ,?ompson1 & m]g$ ! two into "o4 ,9 ! ye>s betwe5 #ahcd & #ahdj ! conduct ( ?is ,review occupi$ ! great] "p ( my sp>e "t4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 x did n1 z a :ole1 by any means repres5t my op9ions4 ,i 0 "u ! necessity ( conc$+ mu* to my inevitable associates4 ,! ,review 0 e/abli%$ to be ! repres5tative ( ! philosophic ,radicals1 ) mo/ ( :om ,i 0 n[ at issue on _m ess5tial po9ts1 & among :om ,i c\ld n ev5 claim to be ! mo/ important individual4 ,my fa!r's co-op]ation z a writ] we all deem$ indisp5sable1 & he wrote l>gely 9 x until prev5t$ by 8 la/ illness4 ,! subjects ( 8 articles1 & ! /r5g? & decision ) :i* 8 op9ions 7 express$ 9 !m1 made ! ,review at fir/ d]ive its tone & col\r+ f him mu* m ?an f any ( ! o!r writ]s4 ,i c\ld n ex]cise editorial control ov] 8 articles1 & ,i 0 sometimes oblig$ to sacrifice to him portions ( my own4 ,! old ,we/m9/] ,review doctr9es1 b little modifi$1 ?us =m$ ! /aple ( ! ,review2 b ,i hop$ by ! side ( ^!1 to introduce o!r ideas & ano!r tone1 & to obta9 = my own %ade ( op9ion a fair repres5tation1 along ) ^? ( o!r memb]s ( ! p>ty4 ,) ?is end *iefly 9 view1 ,i made x "o ( ! peculi>ities ( ! "w t e article %\ld be> an initial1 or "s o!r signature1 & be held to express ! op9ions solely ( ! individual writ]2 ! editor be+ only responsible = its be+ wor? publi%+ & n 9 conflict ) ! objects = :i* ! ,review 0 set on foot4 ,i _h an opportunity ( putt+ 9 practice my s*eme ( conciliation betwe5 ! old & ! new philosophic radicalism1 by ! *oice ( a subject = my own fir/ contribution4 ,pr(essor ,s$gwick1 a man ( em95ce 9 a p>ticul> walk ( natural sci5ce1 b :o %\ld n h trespass$ into philosophy1 _h lately publi%$ 8 ,disc\rse on ! ,/udies ( ,cambridge1 :i* _h z its mo/ prom95t feature an intemp]ate assault on analytic psy*ology & utilit>ian e?ics1 9 ! =m ( an attack on ,locke & ,paley4 ,?is _h excit$ great indignation 9 my fa!r & o!rs1 :i* ,i ?\ght x fully des]v$4 ,& "h1 ,i imag9$1 0 an opportunity ( at ! same "t repell+ an unju/ attack1 & ins]t+ into my def5ce ( ,h>tleianism & ,utilit>ianism a numb] ( ! op9ions :i* con/itut$ my view ( ^? subjects1 z di/+ui%$ f t ( my old associates4 ,9 ?is ,i p>tially succe$$1 ?\gh my relation to my fa!r w\ld h made x pa9ful to me 9 any case1 & impossible 9 a ,review = :i* he wrote1 to speak out my :ole m9d on ! subject at ?is "t4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 incl9$ to ?9k t my fa!r 0 n s mu* oppos$ z he seem$1 to ! modes ( ?\ght 9 :i* ,i believ$ myself to diff] f him2 t he did inju/ice to 8 own op9ions by ! unconsci\s exagg]ations ( an intellect emphatically polemical2 & t :5 ?9k+ )\t an adv]s>y 9 view1 he 0 will+ to make room = a great portion ( ! tru?s he seem$ to d5y4 ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$ t he made l>ge all[ance 9 practice = consid]ations :i* seem$ to h no place 9 8 !ory4 ,8 ,fragm5t on ,mack9to%1 :i* he wrote & publi%$ ab\t ?is "t1 al?\gh ,i greatly admir$ "s p>ts ( x1 ,i read z a :ole ) m pa9 ?an pleasure2 yet on read+ x aga91 long aft]1 ,i f\nd little 9 ! op9ions x conta9s1 b :at ,i ?9k 9 ! ma9 j2 & ,i c ev5 sympa?ize 9 8 disgu/ at ! v]biage ( ,mack9to%1 ?\gh 8 asp]ity t[>ds x w5t n only beyond :at 0 judici\s1 b beyond :at 0 ev5 fair4 ,"o ?+1 :i* ,i ?\ght1 at ! "t1 ( good augury1 0 ! v fav\rable reception he gave to ,tocqueville's ,democracy 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is true1 he said & ?\ght mu* m ab\t :at ,tocqueville said 9 fav\r ( democracy1 ?an ab\t :at he said ( its disadvantages4 ,/ill1 8 high appreciation ( a book :i* 0 at any rate an example ( a mode ( treat+ ! "q ( gov]nm5t almo/ ! rev]se ( 8--:olly inductive & analytical1 in/ead ( purely ratioc9ative--gave me great enc\ragem5t4 ,he also approv$ ( an article :i* ,i publi%$ 9 ! fir/ numb] foll[+ ! junction ( ! two reviews1 ! essay repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations1 "u ! title ,civilization2 into :i* ,i ?rew _m ( my new op9ions1 & criticis$ r emphatically ! m5tal & moral t5d5cies ( ! "t1 on gr\nds & 9 a mann] :i* ,i c]ta9ly _h n le>nt f him4 ,all speculation1 h[ev]1 on ! possible future developm5ts ( my fa!r's op9ions1 & on ! probabilities ( p]man5t co-op]ation betwe5 him & me 9 ! promulgation ( our ?\ghts1 0 doom$ to be cut %ort4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( #ahce 8 heal? _h be5 decl9+3 8 symptoms became unequivocally ^? ( pulmon>y consumption1 & aft] l+]+ to ! la/ /age ( debility1 he di$ on ! #bcrd ( ,june1 #ahcf4 ,until ! la/ few days ( 8 life !re 0 no app>5t abatem5t ( intellectual vig\r2 8 int]e/ 9 all ?+s & p]sons t _h int]e/$ him ?r\gh life 0 undim9i%$1 nor did ! approa* ( dea? cause ! smalle/ wav]+ 7z 9 s /rong & firm a m9d x 0 impossible t x %\ld7 9 8 convictions on ! subject ( religion4 ,8 pr9cipal satisfaction1 aft] he knew t 8 end 0 ne>1 seem$ to be ! ?\ght ( :at he _h done to make ! _w bett] ?an he f\nd x2 & 8 *ief regret 9 n liv+ long]1 t he _h n _h "t to d m4 ,8 place is an em95t "o 9 ! lit]>y1 & ev5 9 ! political hi/ory ( 8 c\ntry2 & x is f> f hon\rable to ! g5]ation :i* has b5efit$ by 8 wor?1 t he is s seldom m5tion$1 &1 comp>$ ) m5 f> 8 inf]iors1 s little rememb]$4 ,?is is probably to be ascrib$ ma9ly to two causes4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ?\ght ( him m]ges too mu* 9 ! des]v$ly sup]ior fame ( ,b5?am4 ,yet he 0 any?+ b ,b5?am's m]e foll[] or disciple4 ,precisely because he 0 himself "o ( ! mo/ orig9al ?9k]s ( 8 "t1 he 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ to appreciate & adopt ! mo/ important mass ( orig9al ?\ght :i* _h be5 produc$ by ! g5]ation prec$+ him4 ,8 m9d & ,b5?am's 7 ess5tially ( diff]5t con/ruction4 ,he _h n all ,b5?am's high qualities1 b nei!r _h ,b5?am all 84 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be ridicul\s to claim = him ! praise ( hav+ accompli%$ = mank9d su* spl5did s]vices z ,b5?am's4 ,he did n revolutionize1 or r create1 "o ( ! great dep>tm5ts ( human ?\ght4 ,b1 leav+ out ( ! reckon+ all t portion ( 8 lab\rs 9 :i* he b5efit$ by :at ,b5?am _h done1 & c\nt+ only :at he a*iev$ 9 a prov9ce 9 :i* ,b5?am _h done no?+1 t ( analytic psy*ology1 he w be kn[n to po/]ity z "o ( ! greate/ names 9 t mo/ important bran* ( speculation1 on :i* all ! moral & political sci5ces ultimately re/1 & w m>k "o ( ! ess5tial /ages 9 its progress4 ,! o!r reason :i* has made 8 fame less ?an he des]v$1 is t not)/&+ ! great numb] ( 8 op9ions :i*1 p>tly ?r\gh 8 own ef=ts1 h n[ be5 g5]ally adopt$1 !re 01 on ! :ole1 a m>k$ opposition betwe5 8 _s & t ( ! pres5t "t4 ,z ,brutus 0 call$ ! la/ ( ! ,romans1 s 0 he ! la/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury3 he cont9u$ its tone ( ?\ght & s5tim5t into ! n9ete5? 7?\gh n unmodifi$ nor unimprov$71 p>tak+ nei!r 9 ! good nor 9 ! bad influ5ces ( ! reaction aga9/ ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i* 0 ! great *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5?4 ,! eighte5? c5tury 0 a great age1 an age ( /rong & brave m51 & he 0 a fit companion = its /ronge/ & brave/4 ,by 8 writ+s & 8 p]sonal influ5ce he 0 a great c5tre ( light to 8 g5]ation4 ,dur+ 8 lat] ye>s he 0 q z mu* ! head & lead] ( ! intellectual radicals 9 ,engl&1 z ,voltaire 0 ( ! philosophes ( ,france4 ,x is only "o ( 8 m9or m]its1 t he 0 ! orig9ator ( all s\nd /atesman%ip 9 reg>d to ! subject ( 8 l>ge/ "w1 ,india4 ,he wrote on no subject :i* he did n enri* ) valuable ?\ght1 & except+ ! ,elem5ts ( ,political ,economy1 a v useful book :5 fir/ writt51 b :i* has n[ = "s "t f9i%$ its "w1 x w be long be=e any ( 8 books w be :olly sup]s$$1 or w cease to be in/ructive read+ to /ud5ts ( _! subjects4 ,9 ! p[] ( influ5c+ by m]e =ce ( m9d & "*1 ! convictions & purposes ( o!rs1 & 9 ! /r5u\s ex]tion ( t p[] to promote fre$om & progress1 he left1 z f> z my k ext5ds1 no equal among m5 & b "o among wom54 ,?\gh acutely s5sible ( my own inf]iority 9 ! qualities by :i* he acquir$ 8 p]sonal asc5dancy1 ,i _h n[ to try :at x might be possible = me to accompli% )\t him3 & ! ,review 0 ! in/rum5t on :i* ,i built my *ief hopes ( e/abli%+ a useful influ5ce ov] ! lib]al & democratic section ( ! public m9d4 ,depriv$ ( my fa!r's aid1 ,i 0 also exempt$ f ! re/ra9ts & retic5ces by :i* t aid _h be5 pur*as$4 ,i did n feel t !re 0 any o!r radical writ] or politician to :om ,i 0 b\nd to def]1 fur!r ?an consi/$ ) my own op9ions3 & hav+ ! complete confid5ce ( ,moleswor?1 ,i resolv$ h5ce=? to give full scope to my own op9ions & modes ( ?\ght1 & to op5 ! ,review widely to all writ]s :o 7 9 sympa?y ) ,progress z ,i und]/ood x1 ev5 ?\gh ,i %\ld lose by x ! support ( my =m] associates4 ,c>lyle1 consequ5tly became f ?is "t a frequ5t writ] 9 ! ,review2 ,/]l+1 soon aft]1 an occasional "o2 & ?\gh ea* individual article cont9u$ to be ! expression ( ! private s5tim5ts ( its writ]1 ! g5]al tone con=m$ 9 "s tol]able degree to my op9ions4 ,= ! conduct ( ! ,review1 "u1 & 9 conjunction ) me1 ,i associat$ ) myself a "y ,scot*man ( ! "n ( ,rob]tson1 :o _h "s ability & in=mation1 mu* indu/ry1 & an active s*em+ head1 full ( devices = mak+ ! ,review m saleable1 & on ^: capacities 9 t direction ,i f\nd$ a good deal ( hope3 insomu*1 t :5 ,moleswor?1 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahcg1 became tir$ ( c>ry+ on ! ,review at a loss1 & desir\s ( gett+ rid ( x 7he _h done 8 "p hon\rably1 & at no small pecuni>y co/17 ,i1 v imprud5tly = my own pecuni>y int]e/1 & v mu* f reliance on ,rob]tson's devices1 det]m9$ to cont9ue x at my own risk1 until 8 plans %\ld h _h a fair trial4 ,! devices 7 good1 & ,i nev] _h any reason to *ange my op9ion ( !m4 ,b ,i d n believe t any devices w\ld h made a radical & democratic review defray its exp5ses1 includ+ a paid editor or sub-editor1 & a lib]al paym5t to writ]s4 ,i myself & sev]al frequ5t contributors gave our lab\r gratuit\sly1 z we _h done = ,moleswor?2 b ! paid contributors cont9u$ to be remun]at$ on ! usual scale ( ! ,ed9burgh & ,qu>t]ly ,reviews2 & ?is c\ld n be done f ! proce$s ( ! sale4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #ahcg1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ^! occupations1 ,i resum$ ! ,logic4 ,i _h n t\*$ my p5 on ! subject = five ye>s1 hav+ be5 /opp$ & br\ght to a halt on ! ?re%old ( ,induction4 ,i _h gradually discov]$ t :at 0 ma9ly want+1 to ov]come ! difficulties ( t bran* ( ! subject1 0 a compreh5sive1 &1 at ! same "t1 accurate view ( ! :ole circle ( physical sci5ce1 :i* ,i fe>$ x w\ld take me a long c\rse ( /udy to acquire2 s9ce ,i knew n ( any book1 or o!r guide1 t w\ld spread out be=e me ! g5]alities & processes ( ! sci5ces1 & ,i appreh5d$ t ,i %\ld h no *oice b to extract !m = myself1 z ,i be/ c\ld1 f ! details4 ,happily = me1 ,dr4 ,:ewell1 e>ly 9 ?is ye>1 publi%$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,inductive ,sci5ces4 ,i read x ) eag]ness1 & f\nd 9 x a consid]able approximation to :at ,i want$4 ,mu*1 if n mo/1 ( ! philosophy ( ! "w appe>$ op5 to objection2 b ! mat]ials 7 !re1 = my own ?\ghts to "w ^u3 & ! au?or _h giv5 to ^? mat]ials t fir/ degree ( elaboration1 :i* s greatly facilitates & abridges ! subsequ5t lab\r4 ,i _h n[ obta9$ :at ,i _h be5 wait+ =4 ,"u ! impulse giv5 me by ! ?\ghts excit$ by ,dr4 ,:ewell1 ,i read aga9 ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el's ,disc\rse on ! ,/udy ( ,natural ,philosophy3 & ,i 0 able to measure ! progress my m9d _h made1 by ! great help ,i n[ f\nd 9 ?is "w--?\gh ,i _h read & ev5 review$ x sev]al ye>s be=e ) little pr(it4 ,i n[ set myself vigor\sly to "w out ! subject 9 ?\ght & 9 writ+4 ,! "t ,i be/[$ on ?is _h to be /ol5 f occupations m urg5t4 ,i _h j two mon?s to sp>e1 at ?is p]iod1 9 ! int]vals ( writ+ = ! ,review4 ,9 ^! two mon?s ,i complet$ ! fir/ draft ( ab\t a ?ird1 ! mo/ difficult ?ird1 ( ! book4 ,:at ,i _h be=e writt51 ,i e/imate at ano!r ?ird1 s t "o-?ird rema9$4 ,:at ,i wrote at ?is "t consi/$ ( ! rema9d] ( ! doctr9e ( ,reason+ 7! !ory ( ,tra9s ( ,reason+1 & ,demon/rative ,sci5ce71 & ! great] "p ( ! ,book on ,induction4 ,:5 ?is 0 done1 ,i _h1 z x seem$ to me1 unti$ all ! really h>d knots1 & ! completion ( ! book _h become only a "q ( "t4 ,hav+ got ?us f>1 ,i _h to leave (f 9 ord] to write two articles = ! next numb] ( ! ,review4 ,:5 ^! 7 writt51 ,i return$ to ! subject1 & n[ = ! fir/ "t fell 9 ) ,comte's ,c\rs de ,philosophie ,positive1 or r ) ! two volumes ( x :i* 7 all t _h at t "t be5 publi%$4 ,my !ory ( ,induction 0 sub/antially complet$ be=e ,i knew ( ,comte's book2 & x is p]haps well t ,i came to x by a diff]5t road f 81 s9ce ! consequ5ce has be5 t my treatise conta9s1 :at 8 c]ta9ly does n1 a r$uction ( ! inductive process to /rict rules & to a sci5tific te/1 su* z ! syllogism is = ratioc9ation4 ,comte is always precise & pr(\nd on ! me?od ( inve/igation1 b he does n ev5 attempt any exact def9ition ( ! conditions ( pro(3 & 8 writ+s %[ t he nev] atta9$ a j conception ( !m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 specifically ! problem1 :i*1 9 treat+ ( ,induction1 ,i _h propos$ to myself4 ,nev]!less1 ,i ga9$ mu* f ,comte1 ) :i* to enri* my *apt]s 9 ! subsequ5t rewrit+3 & 8 book 0 ( ess5tial s]vice to me 9 "s ( ! p>ts :i* /ill rema9$ to be ?\ght out4 ,z 8 subsequ5t volumes successively made _! appe>ance1 ,i read !m ) avidity1 b1 :5 he rea*$ ! subject ( ,social ,sci5ce1 ) v>y+ feel+s4 ,! f\r? volume disappo9t$ me3 x conta9$ ^? ( 8 op9ions on social subjects ) :i* ,i mo/ disagree4 ,b ! fif?1 conta9+ ! connect$ view ( hi/ory1 rek9dl$ all my en?usiasm2 :i* ! six? 7or conclud+7 volume did n mat]ially abate4 ,9 a m]ely logical po9t ( view1 ! only lead+ conception = :i* ,i am indebt$ to him is t ( ! ,inv]se ,d$uctive ,me?od1 z ! "o *iefly applicable to ! complicat$ subjects ( ,hi/ory & ,/ati/ics3 a process diff]+ f ! m common =m ( ! d$uctive me?od 9 ?is--t in/ead ( arriv+ at its conclusions by g5]al reason+1 & v]ify+ !m by specific exp]i5ce 7z is ! natural ord] 9 ! d$uctive bran*es ( physical sci5ce71 x obta9s its g5]alizations by a collation ( specific exp]i5ce1 & v]ifies !m by asc]ta9+ :e!r !y are su* z w\ld foll[ f kn[n g5]al pr9ciples4 ,?is 0 an idea entirely new to me :5 ,i f\nd x 9 ,comte3 & b = him ,i might n soon 7if ev]7 h arriv$ at x4 ,i _h be5 long an ard5t admir] ( ,comte's writ+s be=e ,i _h any communication ) himself2 nor did ,i ev]1 to ! la/1 see him 9 ! body4 ,b = "s ye>s we 7 frequ5t correspond5ts1 until our correspond5ce became controv]sial1 & our zeal cool$4 ,i 0 ! fir/ to slack5 correspond5ce2 he 0 ! fir/ to drop x4 ,i f\nd1 & he probably f\nd likewise1 t ,i c\ld d no good to 8 m9d1 & t all ! good he c\ld d to m9e1 he did by 8 books4 ,?is w\ld nev] h l$ to discont9uance ( int]c\rse1 if ! diff]5ces betwe5 u _h be5 on matt]s ( simple doctr9e4 ,b !y 7 *iefly on ^? po9ts ( op9ion :i* bl5d$ 9 bo? ( u ) our /ronge/ feel+s1 & det]m9$ ! entire direction ( our aspirations4 ,i _h fully agre$ ) him :5 he ma9ta9$ t ! mass ( mank9d1 includ+ ev5 _! rul]s 9 all ! practical dep>tm5ts ( life1 mu/1 f ! necessity ( ! case1 accept mo/ ( _! op9ions on political & social matt]s1 z !y d on physical1 f ! au?ority ( ^? :o h be/[$ m /udy on ^? subjects ?an !y g5]ally h x 9 _! p[] to d4 ,?is lesson _h be5 /rongly impress$ on me by ! e>ly "w ( ,comte1 to :i* ,i h adv]t$4 ,& !re 0 no?+ 9 8 great ,treatise :i* ,i admir$ m ?an 8 rem>kable exposition ( ! b5efits :i* ! nations ( mod]n ,europe h hi/orically d]iv$ f ! sep>ation1 dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 ( temporal & spiritual p[]1 & ! di/9ct organization ( ! latt]4 ,i agre$ ) him t ! moral & intellectual asc5dancy1 once ex]cis$ by prie/s1 mu/ 9 "t pass into ! h&s ( philosoph]s1 & w naturally d s :5 !y become suffici5tly unanim\s1 & 9 o!r respects wor?y to possess x4 ,b :5 he exagg]at$ ?is l9e ( ?\ght into a practical sy/em1 9 :i* philosoph]s 7 to be organiz$ into a k9d ( corporate hi]>*y1 inve/$ ) almo/ ! same spiritual supremacy 7?\gh )\t any secul> p[]7 once possess$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 :5 ,i f\nd him rely+ on ?is spiritual au?ority z ! only security = good gov]nm5t1 ! sole bulw>k aga9/ practical oppression1 & expect+ t by x a sy/em ( despotism 9 ! /ate & despotism 9 ! family w\ld be r5d]$ innocu\s & b5eficial2 x is n surpris+1 t :ile z logicians we 7 ne>ly at "o1 z sociologi/s we c\ld travel toge!r no fur!r4 ,m4 ,comte liv$ to c>ry out ^! doctr9es to _! extreme/ consequ5ces1 by plann+1 9 8 la/ "w1 ! ,sy/me de ,politique ,positive1 ! complete/ sy/em ( spiritual & temporal despotism :i* ev] yet emanat$ f a human bra91 unless possibly t ( ,ignatius ,loyola3 a sy/em by :i* ! yoke ( g5]al op9ion1 wield$ by an organiz$ body ( spiritual tea*]s & rul]s1 w\ld be made supreme ov] e action1 & z f> z is 9 human possibility1 e ?\ght1 ( e memb] ( ! community1 z well 9 ! ?+s :i* reg>d only himself1 z 9 ^? :i* conc]n ! int]e/s ( o!rs4 ,x is b j to say t ?is "w is a consid]able improvem5t1 9 _m po9ts ( feel+1 ov] ,comte's previ\s writ+s on ! same subjects3 b z an accession to social philosophy1 ! only value x seems to me to possess1 consi/s 9 putt+ an end to ! notion t no effectual moral au?ority c be ma9ta9$ ov] society )\t ! aid ( religi\s belief2 = ,comte's "w recognises no religion except t ( ,humanity1 yet x leaves an irresi/ible conviction t any moral beliefs concurr$ 9 by ! community g5]ally may be br\ght to be> ^u ! :ole conduct & lives ( its individual memb]s1 ) an en]gy & pot5cy truly al>m+ to ?9k (4 ,! book /&s a monum5tal w>n+ to ?9k]s on society & politics1 ( :at happ5s :5 once m5 lose sight1 9 _! speculations1 ( ! value ( ,lib]ty & ( ,individuality4 ,to return to myself4 ,! ,review engross$1 = "s "t long]1 ne>ly all ! "t ,i c\ld devote to au?or%ip1 or to ?9k+ ) au?or%ip 9 view4 ,! articles f ! ,london & ,we/m9/] ,review :i* are repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations1 are sc>cely a f\r? "p ( ^? ,i wrote4 ,9 ! conduct ( ! ,review ,i _h two pr9cipal objects4 ,"o 0 to free philosophic radicalism f ! reproa* ( sect>ian ,b5?amism4 ,i desir$1 :ile reta9+ ! precision ( expression1 ! def9it5ess ( mean+1 ! contempt ( declamatory phrases & vague g5]alities1 :i* 7 s hon\rably *>act]i/ic bo? ( ,b5?am & ( my fa!r1 to give a wid] basis & a m free & g5ial "* to ,radical speculations2 to %[ t !re 0 a ,radical philosophy1 bett] & m complete ?an ,b5?am's1 :ile recogniz+ & incorporat+ all ( ,b5?am's :i* is p]man5tly valuable4 ,9 ?is fir/ object ,i1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 succe$$4 ,! o!r ?+ ,i attempt$1 0 to /ir up ! educat$ ,radicals1 9 & out ( ,p>liam5t1 to ex]tion1 & induce !m to make !mselves1 :at ,i ?\ght by us+ ! prop] means !y might become --a p[]ful p>ty capable ( tak+ ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 or at lea/ ( dictat+ ! t]ms on :i* !y %\ld %>e x ) ! ,:igs4 ,?is attempt 0 f ! fir/ *im]ical3 p>tly because ! "t 0 unpropiti\s1 ! ,re=m f]v\r be+ 9 its p]iod ( ebb1 & ! ,tory influ5ces p[]fully rally+2 b /ill m1 because1 z ,au/9 s truly said1 ! c\ntry did n conta9 ! m54 ,among ! ,radicals 9 ,p>liam5t !re 7 sev]al qualifi$ to be useful memb]s ( an enlight5$ ,radical p>ty1 b none capable ( =m+ & lead+ su* a p>ty4 ,! exhortations ,i address$ to !m f\nd no response4 ,"o occasion did pres5t itself :5 !re seem$ to be room = a bold & successful /roke = ,radicalism4 ,"l ,durham _h left ! m9i/ry1 by reason1 z 0 ?\ght1 ( _! n be+ suffici5tly ,lib]al2 he aft]w>ds accept$ f !m ! task ( asc]ta9+ & remov+ ! causes ( ! ,canadian rebellion2 he _h %[n a disposition to surr\nd himself at ! outset ) ,radical advis]s2 "o ( 8 e>lie/ measures1 a good measure bo? 9 int5tion & 9 effect1 hav+ be5 disapprov$ & rev]s$ by ! ,gov]nm5t at home1 he _h resign$ 8 po/1 & plac$ himself op5ly 9 a position ( qu>rel ) ! ,m9i/]s4 ,"h 0 a possible *ief = a ,radical p>ty 9 ! p]son ( a man ( importance1 :o 0 hat$ by ! ,tories & _h j be5 injur$ by ! ,:igs4 ,any "o :o _h ! mo/ elem5t>y notions ( p>ty tactics1 mu/ h attempt$ to make some?+ ( su* an opportunity4 ,"l ,durham 0 bitt]ly attack$ f all sides1 inveigh$ aga9/ by enemies1 giv5 up by timid fri5ds2 :ile ^? :o w\ld will+ly h def5d$ him did n "k :at to say4 ,he appe>$ to be return+ a defeat$ & discr$it$ man4 ,i _h foll[$ ! ,canadian ev5ts f ! beg9n+2 ,i _h be5 "o ( ! prompt]s ( 8 prompt]s2 8 policy 0 almo/ exactly :at m9e w\ld h be51 & ,i 0 9 a position to def5d x4 ,i wrote & publi%$ a manife/o 9 ! ,review1 9 :i* ,i took ! v highe/ gr\nd 9 8 behalf1 claim+ = him n m]e acquittal1 b praise & hon\r4 ,in/antly a numb] ( o!r writ]s took up ! tone3 ,i believe !re 0 a portion ( tru? 9 :at ,"l ,durham1 soon aft]1 ) polite exagg]ation1 said to me--t to ?is article might be ascrib$ ! almo/ triumphal reception :i* he met ) on 8 arrival 9 ,engl&4 ,i believe x to h be5 ! ^w 9 season1 :i*1 at a critical mom5t1 does mu* to decide ! result2 ! t\* :i* det]m9es :e!r a /one1 set 9 motion at ! top ( an em95ce1 %all roll d[n on "o side or on ! o!r4 ,all hopes connect$ ) ,"l ,durham z a politician soon vani%$2 b ) reg>d to ,canadian1 & g5]ally to colonial policy1 ! cause 0 ga9$3 ,"l ,durham's report1 writt5 by ,*>les ,bull]1 p>tly "u ! inspiration ( ,wakefield1 began a new era2 its recomm5dations1 ext5d+ to complete int]nal self-gov]nm5t1 7 9 full op]ation 9 ,canada )9 two or ?ree ye>s1 & h be5 s9ce ext5d$ to ne>ly all ! o!r colonies1 ( ,european race1 :i* h any claim to ! "* ( important communities4 ,& ,i may say t 9 successfully uphold+ ! reputation ( ,"l ,durham & 8 advis]s at ! mo/ important mom5t1 ,i contribut$ mat]ially to ?is result4 ,"o o!r case occurr$ dur+ my conduct ( ! ,review1 :i* simil>ly illu/rat$ ! effect ( tak+ a prompt initiative4 ,i believe t ! e>ly success & reputation ( ,c>lyle's ,fr5* ,revolution1 7 consid]ably accel]at$ by :at ,i wrote ab\t x 9 ! ,review4 ,imm$iately on its publication1 & be=e ! commonplace critics1 all ^: rules & modes ( judgm5t x set at defiance1 _h "t to pre-occupy ! public ) _! disapproval ( x1 ,i wrote & publi%$ a review ( ! book1 hail+ x z "o ( ^? productions ( g5ius :i* are above all rules1 & are a law to !mselves4 ,nei!r 9 ?is case nor 9 t ( ,"l ,durham d ,i ascribe ! impression1 :i* ,i ?9k 0 produc$ by :at ,i wrote1 to any p>ticul> m]it ( execution3 inde$1 9 at lea/ "o ( ! cases 7! article on ,c>lyle7 ,i d n ?9k ! execution 0 good4 ,& 9 bo? in/ances1 ,i am p]suad$ t anybody1 9 a position to be read1 :o _h express$ ! same op9ion at ! same precise "t1 & _h made any tol]able /atem5t ( ! j gr\nds = x1 w\ld h produc$ ! same effect4 ,b1 aft] ! complete failure ( my hopes ( putt+ a new life into ,radical politics by means ( ! ,review1 ,i am glad to look back on ^! two in/ances ( success 9 an hone/ attempt to d m$iate s]vice to ?+s & p]sons t des]v$ x4 ,aft] ! la/ hope ( ! =mation ( a ,radical p>ty _h disappe>$1 x 0 "t = me to /op ! heavy exp5diture ( "t & money :i* ! ,review co/ me4 ,x _h to "s ext5t answ]$ my p]sonal purpose z a vehicle = my op9ions4 ,x _h enabl$ me to express 9 pr9t mu* ( my alt]$ mode ( ?\ght1 & to sep>ate myself 9 a m>k$ mann] f ! n>r[] ,b5?amism ( my e>ly writ+s4 ,?is 0 done by ! g5]al tone ( all ,i wrote1 includ+ v>i\s purely lit]>y articles1 b especially by ! two pap]s 7repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations7 :i* attempt$ a philosophical e/imate ( ,b5?am & ( ,col]idge4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 :ile do+ full ju/ice to ! m]its ( ,b5?am1 ,i po9t$ out :at ,i ?\ght ! errors & defici5cies ( 8 philosophy4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is criticism ,i /ill ?9k p]fectly j2 b ,i h sometimes d\bt$ :e!r x 0 "r to publi% x at t "t4 ,i h (t5 felt t ,b5?am's philosophy1 z an in/rum5t ( progress1 has be5 to "s ext5t discr$it$ be=e x _h done its "w1 & t to l5d a h& t[>ds l[]+ its reputation 0 do+ m h>m ?an s]vice to improvem5t4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 :5 a c\nt]-reaction appe>s to be sett+ 9 t[>ds :at is good 9 ,b5?amism1 ,i c look ) m satisfaction on ?is criticism ( its defects1 especially z ,i h myself balanc$ x by v9dications ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,b5?am's philosophy1 :i* are repr9t$ along ) x 9 ! same collection4 ,9 ! essay on ,col]idge ,i attempt$ to *>act]ize ! ,european reaction aga9/ ! negative philosophy ( ! eighte5? c5tury3 & "h1 if ! effect only ( ?is "o pap] 7 to be consid]$1 ,i might be ?\ght to h err$ by giv+ undue prom95ce to ! fav\rable side1 z ,i _h done 9 ! case ( ,b5?am to ! unfav\rable4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! impetus ) :i* ,i _h deta*$ myself f :at 0 unt5able 9 ! doctr9es ( ,b5?am & ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 may h c>ri$ me1 ?\gh 9 appe>ance r ?an 9 reality1 too f> on ! contr>y side4 ,b z f> z relates to ! article on ,col]idge1 my def5ce is1 t ,i 0 writ+ = ,radicals & ,lib]als1 & x 0 my bus9ess to dwell mo/ on t1 9 writ]s ( a diff]5t s*ool1 f ! k ( :i* !y might d]ive mo/ improvem5t4 ,! numb] ( ! ,review :i* conta9$ ! pap] on ,col]idge1 0 ! la/ :i* 0 publi%$ dur+ my proprietor%ip4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdj ,i made ov] ! ,review to ,mr4 ,hickson1 :o _h be5 a frequ5t & v useful unpaid contributor "u my managem5t3 only /ipulat+ t ! *ange %\ld be m>k$ by a resumption ( ! old "n1 t ( ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,"u t "n ,mr4 ,hickson conduct$ x = t5 ye>s1 on ! plan ( divid+ among contributors only ! net proce$s ( ! ,review giv+ 8 own lab\r z writ] & editor gratuit\sly4 ,"u ! difficulty 9 obta9+ writ]s1 :i* arose f ?is l[ scale ( paym5t1 x is highly cr$itable to him t he 0 able to ma9ta91 9 "s tol]able degree1 ! "* ( ! ,review z an organ ( radicalism & progress4 ,i did n cease altoge!r to write = ! ,review1 b cont9u$ to s5d x occasional contributions1 n1 h[ev]1 exclusively2 = ! great] circulation ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review induc$ me f ?is "t to (f] articles to x also :5 ,i _h any?+ to say = :i* x appe>$ to be a suitable vehicle4 ,& ! conclud+ volumes ( ,democracy 9 ,am]ica1 hav+ j !n come out1 ,i inaugurat$ myself z a contributor to ! ,ed9burgh1 by ! article on t "w1 :i* heads ! second volume ( ! ,diss]tations4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,rema9d] ,,( ,,my ,,life4 ,f ?is "t1 :at is wor? relat+ ( my life w come into a v small compass2 = ,i h no fur!r m5tal *anges to tell (1 b only1 z ,i hope1 a cont9u$ m5tal progress2 :i* does n admit ( a consecutive hi/ory1 & ! results ( :i*1 if real1 w be be/ f\nd 9 my writ+s4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 greatly abridge ! *ronicle ( my subsequ5t ye>s4 ,! fir/ use ,i made ( ! leisure :i* ,i ga9$ by disconnect+ myself f ! ,review1 0 to f9i% ! ,logic4 ,9 ,july & ,augu/1 #ahch1 ,i _h f\nd an int]val 9 :i* to execute :at 0 /ill undone ( ! orig9al draft ( ! ,?ird ,book4 ,9 work+ out ! logical !ory ( ^? laws ( nature :i* are n laws ( ,causation1 nor coroll>ies f su* laws1 ,i 0 l$ to recognize k9ds z realities 9 nature1 & n m]e di/9ctions = conv5i5ce2 a light :i* ,i _h n obta9$ :5 ! ,fir/ ,book 0 writt51 & :i* made x necess>y = me to modify & enl>ge sev]al *apt]s ( t ,book4 ,! ,book on ,language & ,classification1 & ! *apt] on ! ,classification ( ,fallacies1 7 draft$ 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>2 ! rema9d] ( ! "w1 9 ! summ] & autumn ( #ahdj4 ,f ,april foll[+ to ! end ( #ahda1 my sp>e "t 0 devot$ to a complete rewrit+ ( ! book f its comm5cem5t4 ,x is 9 ?is way t all my books h be5 compos$4 ,!y 7 always writt5 at lea/ twice ov]2 a fir/ draft ( ! entire "w 0 complet$ to ! v end ( ! subject1 !n ! :ole begun aga9 de novo2 b incorporat+1 9 ! second writ+1 all s5t5ces & p>ts ( s5t5ces ( ! old draft1 :i* appe>$ z suitable to my purpose z any?+ :i* ,i c\ld write 9 lieu ( !m4 ,i h f\nd great advantages 9 ?is sy/em ( d\ble r$action4 ,x comb9es1 bett] ?an any o!r mode ( composition1 ! fre%ness & vig\r ( ! fir/ conception1 ) ! sup]ior precision & complet5ess result+ f prolong$ ?\ght4 ,9 my own case1 moreov]1 ,i h f\nd t ! pati5ce necess>y = a c>eful elaboration ( ! details ( composition & expression1 co/s mu* less ef=t aft] ! entire subject has be5 once gone ?r\gh1 & ! sub/ance ( all t ,i f9d to say has 9 "s mann]1 h[ev] imp]fect1 be5 got ^u pap]4 ,! only ?+ :i* ,i am c>eful1 9 ! fir/ draft1 to make z p]fect z ,i am able1 is ! arrangem5t4 ,if t is bad1 ! :ole ?read on :i* ! ideas /r+ !mselves becomes twi/$2 ?\ghts plac$ 9 a wrong connection are n exp\nd$ 9 a mann] t suits ! "r1 & a fir/ draft ) ?is orig9al vice is next to useless z a f\ndation = ! f9al treatm5t4 ,dur+ ! re-writ+ ( ! ,logic1 ,dr4 ,:ewell's ,philosophy ( ! ,inductive ,sci5ces made its appe>ance2 a circum/ance =tunate = me1 z x gave me :at ,i greatly desir$1 a full treatm5t ( ! subject by an antagoni/1 & enabl$ me to pres5t my ideas ) great] cle>ness & emphasis z well z full] & m v>i$ developm5t1 9 def5d+ !m aga9/ def9ite objections1 or confront+ !m di/9ctly ) an opposite !ory4 ,! controv]sies ) ,dr4 ,:ewell1 z well z mu* matt] d]iv$ f ,comte1 7 fir/ introduc$ into ! book 9 ! c\rse ( ! re-writ+4 ,at ! end ( #ahda1 ! book be+ ready = ! press1 ,i (f]$ x to ,murray1 :o kept x until too late = publication t season1 & !n refus$ x1 = reasons :i* c\ld j z well h be5 giv5 at fir/4 ,b ,i h _h no cause to regret a rejection :i* l$ to my (f]+ x to ,mr4 ,p>k]1 by :om x 0 publi%$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahdc4 ,my orig9al expectations ( success 7 extremely limit$4 ,ar*bi%op ,:ately _h1 inde$1 rehabilitat$ ! "n ( ,logic1 & ! /udy ( ! =ms1 rules1 & fallacies ( ,ratioc9ation2 & ,dr4 ,:ewell's writ+s _h begun to excite an int]e/ 9 ! o!r "p ( my subject1 ! !ory ( ,induction4 ,a treatise1 h[ev]1 on a matt] s ab/ract1 c\ld n be expect$ to be popul>2 x c\ld only be a book = /ud5ts1 & /ud5ts on su* subjects 7 n only 7at lea/ 9 ,engl&7 few1 b addict$ *iefly to ! opposite s*ool ( metaphysics1 ! ontological & innate pr9ciples s*ool4 ,i !re=e did n expect t ! book w\ld h _m read]s1 or approv]s2 & look$ = little practical effect f x1 save t ( keep+ ! tradition unbrok5 ( :at ,i ?\ght a bett] philosophy4 ,:at hopes ,i _h ( excit+ any imm$iate att5tion1 7 ma9ly gr\nd$ on ! polemical prop5sities ( ,dr ,:ewell2 :o1 ,i ?\ght1 f obs]vation ( 8 conduct 9 o!r cases1 w\ld probably d some?+ to br+ ! book into notice1 by reply+1 & t promptly1 to ! attack on 8 op9ions4 ,he did reply b n till #ahej1 j 9 "t = me to answ] him 9 ! ?ird edition4 ,h[ ! book came to h1 = a "w ( ! k9d1 s mu* success1 & :at sort ( p]sons compose ! bulk ( ^? :o h b\ght1 ,i w n v5ture to say read1 x1 ,i h nev] ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,b tak5 9 conjunction ) ! _m pro(s :i* h s9ce be5 giv5 ( a revival ( speculation1 speculation too ( a free k9d1 9 _m qu>t]s1 & above all 7:]e at "o "t ,i %\ld h lea/ expect$ x7 9 ! ,univ]sities1 ! fact becomes p>tially intelligible4 ,i h nev] indulg$ ! illusion t ! book _h made any consid]able impression on philosophical op9ion4 ,! ,g]man1 or a priori view ( human k1 & ( ! kn[+ faculties1 is likely = "s "t long] 7?\gh x may be hop$ 9 a dim9i%+ degree7 to pr$om9ate among ^? :o occupy !mselves ) su* inquiries1 bo? "h & on ! ,cont95t4 ,b ! ,sy/em ( ,logic supplies :at 0 mu* want$1 a text-book ( ! opposite doctr9e--t :i* d]ives all k f exp]i5ce1 & all moral & intellectual qualities pr9cipally f ! direction giv5 to ! associations4 ,i make z humble an e/imate z anybody ( :at ei!r an analysis ( logical processes1 or any possible canons ( evid5ce1 c d by !mselves t[>ds guid+ or rectify+ ! op]ations ( ! und]/&+4 ,comb9$ ) o!r requisites1 ,i c]ta9ly d ?9k !m ( great use2 b :atev] may be ! practical value ( a true philosophy ( ^! matt]s1 x is h>dly possible to exagg]ate ! mis*iefs ( a false "o4 ,! notion t tru?s ext]nal to ! m9d may be kn[n by intuition or consci\sness1 indep5d5tly ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 is1 ,i am p]suad$1 9 ^! times1 ! great intellectual support ( false doctr9es & bad in/itutions4 ,by ! aid ( ?is !ory1 e invet]ate belief & e int5se feel+1 ( :i* ! orig9 is n rememb]$1 is enabl$ to disp5se ) ! obligation ( ju/ify+ itself by reason1 & is erect$ into its own all-suffici5t v\*] & ju/ification4 ,!re nev] 0 su* an in/rum5t devis$ = consecrat+ all deep-seat$ prejudices4 ,& ! *ief /r5g? ( ?is false philosophy 9 morals1 politics1 & religion1 lies 9 ! appeal :i* x is accu/om$ to make to ! evid5ce ( ma!matics & ( ! cognate bran*es ( physical sci5ce4 ,to expel x f ^!1 is to drive x f its /ronghold3 & because ?is _h nev] be5 effectually done1 ! intuitive s*ool1 ev5 aft] :at my fa!r _h writt5 9 8 ,analysis ( ! ,m9d1 _h 9 appe>ance1 & z f> z publi%$ writ+s 7 conc]n$1 on ! :ole ! be/ ( ! argum5t4 ,9 attempt+ to cle> up ! real nature ( ! evid5ce ( ma!matical & physical tru?s1 ! ,sy/em ( ,logic met ! intuitive philosoph]s on gr\nd on :i* !y _h previ\sly be5 deem$ unassailable2 & gave its own explanation1 f exp]i5ce & association1 ( t peculi> "* ( :at are call$ necess>y tru?s1 :i* is adduc$ z pro( t _! evid5ce mu/ come f a deep] s\rce ?an exp]i5ce4 ,:e!r ?is has be5 done effectually1 is /ill sub judice2 & ev5 !n1 to deprive a mode ( ?\ght s /rongly root$ 9 human prejudices & p>tialities1 ( its m]e speculative support1 goes b a v little way t[>ds ov]com+ x2 b ?\gh only a /ep1 x is a q indisp5sable "o2 = s9ce1 aft] all1 prejudice c only be successfully combat$ by philosophy1 no way c really be made aga9/ x p]man5tly until x has be5 %[n n to h philosophy on its side4 ,be+ n[ releas$ f any active conc]n 9 tempor>y politics1 & f any lit]>y occupation involv+ p]sonal communication ) contributors & o!rs1 ,i 0 enabl$ to indulge ! incl9ation1 natural to ?9k+ p]sons :5 ! age ( boyi% vanity is once pa/1 = limit+ my own society to a v few p]sons4 ,g5]al society1 z n[ c>ri$ on 9 ,engl&1 is s insipid an affair1 ev5 to ! p]sons :o make x :at x is1 t x is kept up = any reason r ?an ! pleasure x af=ds4 ,all s]i\s discussion on matt]s on :i* op9ions diff]1 be+ consid]$ ill-br$1 & ! national defici5cy 9 livel9ess & sociability hav+ prev5t$ ! cultivation ( ! art ( talk+ agreeably on trifles1 9 :i* ! ,fr5* ( ! la/ c5tury s mu* excell$1 ! sole attraction ( :at is call$ society to ^? :o are n at ! top ( ! tree1 is ! hope ( be+ aid$ to climb a little high] 9 x2 :ile to ^? :o are already at ! top1 x is *iefly a compliance ) cu/om1 & ) ! suppos$ requirem5ts ( _! /ation4 ,to a p]son ( any b a v common ord] 9 ?\ght or feel+1 su* society1 unless he has p]sonal objects to s]ve by x1 mu/ be supremely unattractive3 & mo/ p1 9 ! pres5t day1 ( any really high class ( intellect1 make _! contact ) x s slight1 & at su* long int]vals1 z to be almo/ consid]$ z retir+ f x altoge!r4 ,^? p]sons ( any m5tal sup]iority :o d o!rwise1 are1 almo/ )\t exception1 greatly det]iorat$ by x4 ,n to m5tion loss ( "t1 ! tone ( _! feel+s is l[]$3 !y become less 9 e>ne/ ab\t ^? ( _! op9ions respect+ :i* !y mu/ rema9 sil5t 9 ! society !y frequ5t3 !y come to look ^u _! mo/ elevat$ objects z unpractical1 or1 at lea/1 too remote f realization to be m ?an a vision1 or a !ory1 & if1 m =tunate ?an mo/1 !y reta9 _! high] pr9ciples unimpair$1 yet ) respect to ! p]sons & affairs ( _! own day !y ins5sibly adopt ! modes ( feel+ & judgm5t 9 :i* !y c hope = sympa?y f ! company !y keep4 ,a p]son ( high intellect %\ld nev] g into un9tellectual society unless he c ent] x z an apo/le2 yet he is ! only p]son ) high objects :o c safely ent] x at all4 ,p]sons ev5 ( intellectual aspirations _h mu* bett]1 if !y c1 make _! habitual associates ( at lea/ _! equals1 &1 z f> z possible1 _! sup]iors1 9 k1 intellect1 & elevation ( s5tim5t4 ,moreov]1 if ! "* is =m$1 & ! m9d made up1 on ! few c>d9al po9ts ( human op9ion1 agreem5t ( conviction & feel+ on ^!1 has be5 felt 9 all times to be an ess5tial requisite ( any?+ wor?y ! "n ( fri5d%ip1 9 a really e>ne/ m9d4 ,all ^! circum/ances unit$1 made ! numb] v small ( ^? ^: society1 & /ill m ^: intimacy1 ,i n[ volunt>ily s\ght4 ,among ^!1 by f> ! pr9cipal 0 ! incomp>able fri5d ( :om ,i h already spok54 ,at ?is p]iod %e liv$ mo/ly ) "o "y daught]1 9 a quiet "p ( ! c\ntry1 & only occasionally 9 t[n1 ) h] fir/ husb&1 ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,i visit$ h] equally 9 bo? places2 & 0 greatly indebt$ to ! /r5g? ( "* :i* enabl$ h] to disreg>d ! false int]pretations liable to be put on ! frequ5cy ( my visits to h] :ile liv+ g5]ally ap>t f ,mr4 ,taylor1 & on our occasionally travell+ toge!r1 ?\gh 9 all o!r respects our conduct dur+ ^? ye>s gave n ! slighte/ gr\nd = any o!r supposition ?an ! true "o1 t our relation to ea* o!r at t "t 0 "o ( /rong affection & confid5tial intimacy only4 ,= ?\gh we did n consid] ! ord9ances ( society b9d+ on a subject s entirely p]sonal1 we did feel b\nd t our conduct %\ld be su* z 9 no degree to br+ discr$it on h] husb&1 nor !re=e on h]self4 ,9 ?is ?ird p]iod 7z x may be t]m$7 ( my m5tal progress1 :i* n[ w5t h& 9 h& ) h]s1 my op9ions ga9$ equally 9 bread? & dep?1 ,i und]/ood m ?+s1 & ^? :i* ,i _h und]/ood be=e ,i n[ und]/ood m ?or\ghly4 ,i _h n[ completely turn$ back f :at !re _h be5 ( excess 9 my reaction aga9/ ,b5?amism4 ,i _h1 at ! height ( t reaction1 c]ta9ly become mu* m indulg5t to ! common op9ions ( society & ! _w1 & m will+ to be cont5t ) second+ ! sup]ficial improvem5t :i* _h begun to take place 9 ^? common op9ions1 ?an became "o ^: convictions on s _m po9ts1 diff]$ fundam5tally f !m4 ,i 0 mu* m incl9$1 ?an ,i c n[ approve1 to put 9 abeyance ! m decid$ly h]etical "p ( my op9ions1 :i* ,i n[ look ^u z almo/ ! only ones1 ! ass]tion ( :i* t5ds 9 any way to reg5]ate society4 ,b 9 addition to ?is1 our op9ions 7 f> m h]etical ?an m9e _h be5 9 ! days ( my mo/ extreme ,b5?amism4 ,9 ^? days ,i _h se5 little fur!r ?an ! old s*ool ( political economi/s into ! possibilities ( fundam5tal improvem5t 9 social arrangem5ts4 ,private prop]ty1 z n[ und]/ood1 & inh]itance1 appe>$ to me1 z to !m1 ! d]ni] mot ( legislation3 & ,i look$ no fur!r ?an to mitigat+ ! inequalities consequ5t on ^! in/itutions1 by gett+ rid ( primog5iture & entails4 ,! notion t x 0 possible to g fur!r ?an ?is 9 remov+ ! inju/ice--= inju/ice x is1 :e!r admitt+ ( a complete rem$y or n--involv$ 9 ! fact t "s are born to ri*es & ! va/ majority to pov]ty1 ,i !n reckon$ *im]ical1 & only hop$ t by univ]sal education1 lead+ to volunt>y re/ra9t on population1 ! portion ( ! poor might be made m tol]able4 ,9 %ort1 ,i 0 a democrat1 b n ! lea/ ( a ,sociali/4 ,we 7 n[ mu* less democrats ?an ,i _h be51 because s long z education cont9ues to be s wret*$ly imp]fect1 we dread$ ! ignorance & especially ! selfi%ness & brutality ( ! mass3 b our ideal ( ultimate improvem5t w5t f> beyond ,democracy1 & w\ld class u decid$ly "u ! g5]al designation ( ,sociali/s4 ,:ile we repudiat$ ) ! greate/ en]gy t tyranny ( society ov] ! individual :i* mo/ ,sociali/ic sy/ems are suppos$ to involve1 we yet look$ =w>d to a "t :5 society w no long] be divid$ into ! idle & ! indu/ri\s2 :5 ! rule t !y :o d n "w %all n eat1 w be appli$ n to paup]s only1 b imp>tially to all2 :5 ! division ( ! produce ( lab\r1 in/ead ( dep5d+1 z 9 s great a degree x n[ does1 on ! accid5t ( bir?1 w be made by conc]t on an ackn[l$g$ pr9ciple ( ju/ice2 & :5 x w no long] ei!r be1 or be ?\ght to be1 impossible = human be+s to ex]t !mselves /r5u\sly 9 procur+ b5efits :i* are n to be exclusively _! own1 b to be %>$ ) ! society !y belong to4 ,! social problem ( ! future we consid]$ to be1 h[ to unite ! greate/ individual lib]ty ( action1 ) a common own]%ip 9 ! raw mat]ial ( ! globe1 & an equal p>ticipation ( all 9 ! b5efits ( comb9$ lab\r4 ,we _h n ! presumption to suppose t we c\ld already =esee1 by :at precise =m ( in/itutions ^! objects c\ld mo/ effectually be atta9$1 or at h[ ne> or h[ di/ant a p]iod !y w\ld become practicable4 ,we saw cle>ly t to r5d] any su* social trans=mation ei!r possible or desirable1 an equival5t *ange ( "* mu/ take place bo? 9 ! uncultivat$ h]d :o n[ compose ! lab\r+ masses1 & 9 ! imm5se majority ( _! employ]s4 ,bo? ^! classes mu/ le>n by practice to lab\r & comb9e = g5]\s1 or at all ev5ts = public & social purposes1 & n1 z hi!rto1 solely = n>r[ly int]e/$ ones4 ,b ! capacity to d ?is has always exi/$ 9 mank9d1 & is n1 nor is ev] likely to be1 ext9ct4 ,education1 habit1 & ! cultivation ( ! s5tim5ts1 w make a common man dig or weave = 8 c\ntry1 z readily z fight = 8 c\ntry4 ,true en\gh1 x is only by sl[ degrees1 & a sy/em ( culture prolong$ ?r\gh successive g5]ations1 t m5 9 g5]al c be br\ght up to ?is po9t4 ,b ! h9drance is n 9 ! ess5tial con/itution ( human nature4 ,int]e/ 9 ! common good is at pres5t s weak a motive 9 ! g5]ality n because x c nev] be o!rwise1 b because ! m9d is n accu/om$ to dwell on x z x dwells f morn+ till night on ?+s :i* t5d only to p]sonal advantage4 ,:5 call$ into activity1 z only self-int]e/ n[ is1 by ! daily c\rse ( life1 & spurr$ f beh9d by ! love ( di/9ction & ! fe> ( %ame1 x is capable ( produc+1 ev5 9 common m51 ! mo/ /r5u\s ex]tions z well z ! mo/ h]oic sacrifices4 ,! deep-root$ selfi%ness :i* =ms ! g5]al "* ( ! exi/+ /ate ( society1 is s deeply root$1 only because ! :ole c\rse ( exi/+ in/itutions t5ds to fo/] x2 & mod]n in/itutions 9 "s respects m ?an anci5t1 s9ce ! occasions on :i* ! individual is call$ on to d any?+ = ! public )\t receiv+ its pay1 are f> less frequ5t 9 mod]n life1 ?an ! small] commonweal?s ( antiquity4 ,^! consid]ations did n make u ov]look ! folly ( premature attempts to disp5se ) ! inducem5ts ( private int]e/ 9 social affairs1 :ile no sub/itute = !m has be5 or c be provid$3 b we reg>d$ all exi/+ in/itutions & social arrangem5ts z be+ 79 a phrase ,i once he>d f ,au/97 m]ely provisional1 & we welcom$ ) ! greate/ pleasure & int]e/ all sociali/ic exp]im5ts by select individuals 7su* z ! ,co-op]ative ,societies71 :i*1 :e!r !y succe$$ or fail$1 c\ld n b op]ate z a mo/ useful education ( ^? :o took "p 9 !m1 by cultivat+ _! capacity ( act+ ^u motives po9t+ directly to ! g5]al good1 or mak+ !m aw>e ( ! defects :i* r5d] !m & o!rs incapable ( do+ s4 ,9 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 ^! op9ions 7 promulgat$1 less cle>ly & fully 9 ! fir/ edition1 r m s 9 ! second1 & q unequivocally 9 ! ?ird4 ,! diff]5ce arose p>tly f ! *ange ( times1 ! fir/ edition hav+ be5 writt5 & s5t to press be=e ! ,fr5* ,revolution ( #ahdh1 aft] :i* ! public m9d became m op5 to ! reception ( novelties 9 op9ion1 & doctr9es appe>$ mod]ate :i* w\ld h be5 ?\ght v />tl+ a %ort "t be=e4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ! difficulties ( ,socialism 7 /at$ s /rongly1 t ! tone 0 on ! :ole t ( opposition to x4 ,9 ! ye> or two :i* foll[$1 mu* "t 0 giv5 to ! /udy ( ! be/ ,sociali/ic writ]s on ! ,cont95t1 & to m$itation & discussion on ! :ole range ( topics involv$ 9 ! controv]sy3 & ! result 0 t mo/ ( :at _h be5 writt5 on ! subject 9 ! fir/ edition 0 cancell$1 & replac$ by argum5ts & reflections :i* repres5t a m advanc$ op9ion4 ,! ,political ,economy 0 f> m rapidly execut$ ?an ! ,logic1 or inde$ ?an any?+ ( importance :i* ,i _h previ\sly writt54 ,x 0 comm5c$ 9 ! autumn ( #ahde1 & 0 ready = ! press be=e ! end ( #ahdg4 ,9 ?is p]iod ( little m ?an two ye>s !re 0 an int]val ( six mon?s dur+ :i* ! "w 0 laid aside1 :ile ,i 0 writ+ articles 9 ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle 7:i* unexpect$ly ent]$ w>mly into my purpose7 urg+ ! =mation ( peasant prop]ties on ! wa/e l&s ( ,irel&4 ,?is 0 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,fam9e1 ! w9t] ( #ahdf-dg1 :5 ! /]n necessities ( ! "t seem$ to af=d a *ance ( ga9+ att5tion = :at appe>$ to me ! only mode ( comb9+ relief to imm$iate de/itution ) p]man5t improvem5t ( ! social & economical condition ( ! ,iri% p4 ,b ! idea 0 new & /range2 !re 0 no ,engli% prec$5t = su* a proce$+3 & ! pr(\nd ignorance ( ,engli% politicians & ! ,engli% public conc]n+ all social ph5om5a n g5]ally met ) 9 ,engl& 7h[ev] common else:]e71 made my endeav\rs an entire failure4 ,in/ead ( a great op]ation on ! wa/e l&s1 & ! conv]sion ( cotti]s into proprietors1 ,p>liam5t pass$ a ,poor ,law = ma9ta9+ !m z paup]s3 & if ! nation has n s9ce f\nd itself 9 inextricable difficulties f ! jo9t op]ation ( ! old evils & ! quack rem$y x is indebt$ = its deliv]ance to t mo/ unexpect$ & surpris+ fact1 ! depopulation ( irel&1 comm5c$ by fam9e1 & cont9u$ by emigration4 ,! rapid success ( ! ,political ,economy %[$ t ! public want$1 & 7 prep>$ = su* a book4 ,publi%$ e>ly 9 #ahdh1 an edition ( a ?\s& copies 0 sold 9 less ?an a ye>4 ,ano!r simil> edition 0 publi%$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahdi2 & a ?ird1 ( #abej copies1 e>ly 9 #aheb4 ,x 01 f ! fir/1 cont9ually cit$ & ref]r$ to z an au?ority1 because x 0 n a book m]ely ( ab/ract sci5ce1 b also ( application1 & treat$ ,political ,economy n z a ?+ by itself1 b z a fragm5t ( a great] :ole2 a bran* ( ,social ,philosophy1 s int]l9k$ ) all ! o!r bran*es1 t its conclusions1 ev5 9 its own peculi> prov9ce1 are only true conditionally1 subject to int]f]5ce & c\nt]action f causes n directly )9 its scope3 :ile to ! "* ( a practical guide x has no pret5sion1 ap>t f o!r classes ( consid]ations4 ,political ,economy1 9 tru?1 has nev] pret5d$ to give advice to mank9d ) no lights b its own2 ?\gh p :o knew no?+ b political economy 7& !re=e knew t ill7 h tak5 ^u !mselves to advise1 & c\ld only d s by su* lights z !y _h4 ,b ! num]\s s5tim5tal enemies ( political economy1 & its /ill m num]\s int]e/$ enemies 9 s5tim5tal guise1 h be5 v successful 9 ga9+ belief = ?is among o!r unm]it$ imputations aga9/ x1 & ! ,pr9ciples hav+1 9 spite ( ! fre$om ( _m ( its op9ions1 become = ! pres5t ! mo/ popul> treatise on ! subject1 has help$ to dis>m ! enemies ( s important a /udy4 ,! am\nt ( its wor? z an exposition ( ! sci5ce1 & ! value ( ! diff]5t applications :i* x sugge/s1 o!rs ( c\rse mu/ judge4 ,= a consid]able "t aft] ?is1 ,i publi%$ no "w ( magnitude2 ?\gh ,i /ill occasionally wrote 9 p]iodicals1 & my correspond5ce 7mu* ( x ) p]sons q unkn[n to me71 on subjects ( public int]e/1 swell$ to a consid]able bulk4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ,i wrote or comm5c$ v>i\s ,essays1 = ev5tual publication1 on "s ( ! fundam5tal que/ions ( human & social life1 ) reg>d to sev]al ( :i* ,i h already mu* exce$$ ! sev]ity ( ! ,horatian precept4 ,i cont9u$ to wat* ) ke5 int]e/ ! progress ( public ev5ts4 ,b x 0 n1 on ! :ole1 v enc\rag+ to me4 ,! ,european reaction aft] #ahdh1 & ! success ( an unpr9cipl$ usurp] 9 ,decemb]1 #ahea1 put an end1 z x seem$1 to all pres5t hope = fre$om or social improvem5t 9 ,france & ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,i _h se5 & cont9u$ to see _m ( ! op9ions ( my y\? obta9 g5]al recognition1 & _m ( ! re=ms 9 in/itutions1 = :i* ,i _h ?r\gh life cont5d$1 ei!r effect$ or 9 c\rse ( be+ s4 ,b ^! *anges _h be5 att5d$ ) mu* less b5efit to human well-be+ ?an ,i %\ld =m]ly h anticipat$1 because !y _h produc$ v little improvem5t 9 t :i* all real amelioration 9 ! lot ( mank9d dep5ds on1 _! intellectual & moral /ate3 & x might ev5 be que/ion$ if ! v>i\s causes ( det]ioration :i* _h be5 at "w 9 ! mean:ile1 _h n m ?an c\nt]balanc$ ! t5d5cies to improvem5t4 ,i _h le>nt f exp]i5ce t _m false op9ions may be ex*ang$ = true ones1 )\t 9 ! lea/ alt]+ ! habits ( m9d ( :i* false op9ions are ! result4 ,! ,engli% public1 = example1 are q z raw & undisc]n+ on subjects ( political economy s9ce ! nation has be5 conv]t$ to free-trade1 z !y 7 be=e2 & are /ill fur!r f hav+ acquir$ bett] habits ( ?\ght & feel+1 or be+ 9 any way bett] =tifi$ aga9/ error1 on subjects ( a m elevat$ "*4 ,=1 ?\gh !y h ?r[n (f c]ta9 errors1 ! g5]al discipl9e ( _! m9ds1 intellectually & morally1 is n alt]$4 ,i am n[ conv9c$1 t no great improvem5ts 9 ! lot ( mank9d are possible1 until a great *ange takes place 9 ! fundam5tal con/itution ( _! modes ( ?\ght4 ,! old op9ions 9 religion1 morals1 & politics1 are s mu* discr$it$ 9 ! m intellectual m9ds z to h lo/ ! great] "p ( _! efficacy = good1 :ile !y h /ill life en\gh 9 !m to be a p[]ful ob/acle to ! gr[+ up ( any bett] op9ions on ^? subjects4 ,:5 ! philosophic m9ds ( ! _w c no long] believe its religion1 or c only believe x ) modifications am\nt+ to an ess5tial *ange ( its "*1 a transitional p]iod comm5ces1 ( weak convictions1 p>alys$ intellects1 & gr[+ laxity ( pr9ciple1 :i* _c t]m9ate until a r5ovation has be5 effect$ 9 ! basis ( _! belief lead+ to ! evolution ( "s fai?1 :e!r religi\s or m]ely human1 :i* !y c really believe3 & :5 ?+s are 9 ?is /ate1 all ?9k+ or writ+ :i* does n t5d to promote su* a r5ovation1 is ( v little value beyond ! mom5t4 ,s9ce !re 0 little 9 ! app>5t condition ( ! public m9d1 indicative ( any t5d5cy 9 ?is direction1 my view ( ! imm$iate prospects ( human improvem5t 0 n sangu9e4 ,m rec5tly a _s ( free speculation has sprung up1 giv+ a m enc\rag+ prospect ( ! gradual m5tal emancipation ( ,engl&2 & concurr+ ) ! r5ewal "u bett] auspices1 ( ! movem5t = political fre$om 9 ! re/ ( ,europe1 has giv5 to ! pres5t condition ( human affairs a m hopeful aspect4#c ,betwe5 ! "t ( :i* ,i h n[ spok51 & ! pres5t1 took place ! mo/ important ev5ts ( my private life4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 my m>riage1 9 ,april1 #ahea1 to ! lady ^: incomp>able wor? _h made h] fri5d%ip ! greate/ s\rce to me bo? ( happ9ess & ( improvem5t1 dur+ _m ye>s 9 :i* we nev] expect$ to be 9 any clos] relation to "o ano!r4 ,ard5tly z ,i %\ld h aspir$ to ?is complete union ( our lives at any "t 9 ! c\rse ( my exi/5ce at :i* x _h be5 practicable1 ,i1 z mu* z my wife1 w\ld f> r h =egone t privilege = ev]1 ?an h ow$ x to ! premature dea? ( "o = :om ,i _h ! s9c]e/ respect1 & %e ! /ronge/ affection4 ,t ev5t1 h[ev]1 hav+ tak5 place 9 ,july1 #ahdi1 x 0 grant$ to me to d]ive f t evil my own greate/ good1 by add+ to ! p>tn]%ip ( ?\ght1 feel+1 & writ+ :i* _h long exi/$1 a p>tn]%ip ( our entire exi/5ce4 ,= sev5 & a-half ye>s t bless+ 0 m9e2 = sev5 & a-half only6 ,i c say no?+ :i* c\ld describe1 ev5 9 ! fa9te/ mann]1 :at t loss 0 & is4 ,b because ,i "k t %e w\ld h wi%$ x1 ,i endeav\r to make ! be/ ( :at life ,i h left1 & to "w on = h] purposes ) su* dim9i%$ /r5g? z c be d]iv$ f ?\ghts ( h]1 & communion ) h] memory4 ,:5 two p]sons h _! ?\ghts & speculations completely 9 common2 :5 all subjects ( intellectual or moral int]e/ are discuss$ betwe5 !m 9 daily life1 & prob$ to mu* great] dep?s ?an are usually or conv5i5tly s\nd$ 9 writ+s int5d$ = g5]al read]s2 :5 !y set out f ! same pr9ciples1 & arrive at _! conclusions by processes pursu$ jo9tly1 x is ( little consequ5ce 9 respect to ! "q ( orig9ality1 :i* ( !m holds ! p52 ! "o :o contributes lea/ to ! composition may contribute m to ! ?\ght2 ! writ+s :i* result are ! jo9t product ( bo?1 & x mu/ (t5 be impossible to dis5tangle _! respective p>ts1 & affirm t ?is belongs to "o & t to ! o!r4 ,9 ?is wide s5se1 n only dur+ ! ye>s ( our m>ri$ life1 b dur+ _m ( ! ye>s ( confid5tial fri5d%ip :i* prec$$1 all my publi%$ writ+s 7 z mu* h] "w z m9e2 h] %>e 9 !m con/antly increas+ z ye>s advanc$4 ,b 9 c]ta9 cases1 :at belongs to h] c be di/+ui%$1 & specially id5tifi$4 ,ov] & above ! g5]al influ5ce :i* h] m9d _h ov] m9e1 ! mo/ valuable ideas & features 9 ^! jo9t productions--^? :i* h be5 mo/ fruitful ( important results1 & h contribut$ mo/ to ! success & reputation ( ! works !mselves--orig9at$ ) h]1 7 emanations f h] m9d1 my "p 9 !m be+ no great] ?an 9 any ( ! ?\ghts :i* ,i f\nd 9 previ\s writ]s1 & made my own only by incorporat+ !m ) my own sy/em ( ?\ght6 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( my lit]>y life ,i h p]=m$ ! (fice 9 relation to h]1 :i* f a r e>ly p]iod ,i _h consid]$ z ! mo/ useful "p t ,i 0 qualifi$ to take 9 ! doma9 ( ?\ght1 t ( an int]pret] ( orig9al ?9k]s1 & m$iator betwe5 !m & ! public2 = ,i _h always a humble op9ion ( my own p[]s z an orig9al ?9k]1 except 9 ab/ract sci5ce 7logic1 metaphysics1 & ! !oretic pr9ciples ( political economy & politics71 b ?\ght myself mu* sup]ior to mo/ ( my contempor>ies 9 will+ness & ability to le>n f ev]ybody2 z ,i f\nd h>dly anyone :o made su* a po9t ( exam9+ :at 0 said 9 def5ce ( all op9ions1 h[ev] new or h[ev] old1 9 ! conviction t ev5 if !y 7 errors !re might be a sub/ratum ( tru? und]nea? !m1 & t 9 any case ! discov]y ( :at x 0 t made !m plausible1 w\ld be a b5efit to tru?4 ,i _h1 9 consequ5ce1 m>k$ ?is out z a sph]e ( usefulness 9 :i* ,i 0 "u a special obligation to make myself active2 ! m s1 z ! acqua9tance ,i _h =m$ ) ! ideas ( ! ,col]idgians1 ( ! ,g]man ?9k]s1 & ( ,c>lyle1 all ( !m fi]cely oppos$ to ! mode ( ?\ght 9 :i* ,i _h be5 br\ght up1 _h conv9c$ me t along ) mu* error !y possess$ mu* tru?1 :i* 0 veil$ f m9ds o!rwise capable ( receiv+ x by ! transc5d5tal & my/ical phraseology 9 :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to %ut x up1 & f :i* !y nei!r c>$1 nor knew h[1 to dis5gage x2 & ,i did n despair ( sep>at+ ! tru? f ! error1 & expos+ x 9 t]ms :i* w\ld be intelligible & n repulsive to ^? on my own side 9 philosophy4 ,?us prep>$1 x w easily be believ$ t :5 ,i came into close intellectual communion ) a p]son ( ! mo/ em95t faculties1 ^: g5ius1 z x grew & unfold$ itself 9 ?\ght1 cont9ually /ruck out tru?s f> 9 advance ( me1 b 9 :i* ,i c\ld n1 z ,i _h done 9 ^? o!rs1 detect any mixture ( error1 ! greate/ "p ( my m5tal gr[? consi/$ 9 ! assimilation ( ^? tru?s1 & ! mo/ valuable "p ( my intellectual "w 0 9 build+ ! bridges & cle>+ ! pa?s :i* connect$ !m ) my g5]al sy/em ( ?\ght4#d ,! fir/ ( my books 9 :i* h] %>e 0 conspici\s 0 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy4 ,! ,sy/em ( ,logic ow$ little to h] except 9 ! m9ut] matt]s ( composition1 9 :i* respect my writ+s1 bo? great & small1 h l>gely b5efit$ by h] accurate & cle>-sight$ criticism4#e ,! *apt] ( ! ,political ,economy :i* has _h a great] influ5ce on op9ion ?an all ! re/1 t on '! ,probable ,future ( ! ,lab\r+ ,classes1' is entirely due to h]2 9 ! fir/ draft ( ! book1 t *apt] did n exi/4 ,%e po9t$ out ! ne$ ( su* a *apt]1 & ! extreme imp]fection ( ! book )\t x2 %e 0 ! cause ( my writ+ x2 & ! m g5]al "p ( ! *apt]1 ! /atem5t & discussion ( ! two opposite !ories respect+ ! prop] condition ( ! lab\r+ classes1 0 :olly an exposition ( h] ?\ghts1 (t5 9 words tak5 f h] own lips4 ,! purely sci5tific "p ( ! ,political ,economy ,i did n le>n f h]2 b x 0 *iefly h] influ5ce t gave to ! book t g5]al tone by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f all previ\s expositions ( ,political ,economy t _h any pret5sion to be+ sci5tific1 & :i* has made x s useful 9 conciliat+ m9ds :i* ^? previ\s expositions _h repell$4 ,?is tone consi/$ *iefly 9 mak+ ! prop] di/9ction betwe5 ! laws ( ! ,production ( ,weal?--:i* are laws ( nature1 dep5d5t on ! prop]ties ( objects--& ! modes ( its ,di/ribution1 :i*1 subject to c]ta9 conditions1 dep5d on human w4 ,! commom run ( political economi/s confuse ^! toge!r1 "u ! designation ( economic laws1 :i* !y deem incapable ( be+ defeat$ or modifi$ by human ef=t2 ascrib+ ! same necessity to ?+s dep5d5t on ! un*angeable conditions ( our e>?ly exi/5ce1 & to ^? :i*1 be+ b ! necess>y consequ5ces ( p>ticul> social arrangem5ts1 are m]ely co-ext5sive ) ^!2 giv5 c]ta9 in/itutions & cu/oms1 wages1 pr(its1 & r5t w be det]m9$ by c]ta9 causes2 b ?is class ( political economi/s drop ! indisp5sable presupposition1 & argue t ^! causes mu/1 by an inh]5t necessity1 aga9/ :i* no human means c avail1 det]m9e ! %>es :i* fall1 9 ! division ( ! produce1 to lab\r]s1 capitali/s1 & l&lords4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy yield$ to none ( its pr$ecessors 9 aim+ at ! sci5tific appreciation ( ! action ( ^! causes1 "u ! conditions :i* !y presuppose2 b x set ! example ( n treat+ ^? conditions z f9al4 ,! economic g5]alizations :i* dep5d n on necessaties ( nature b on ^? comb9$ ) ! exi/+ arrangem5ts ( society1 x deals ) only z provisional1 & z liable to be mu* alt]$ by ! progress ( social improvem5t4 ,i _h inde$ p>tially le>nt ?is view ( ?+s f ! ?\ghts awak5$ 9 me by ! speculations ( ! ,/4 ,simonians2 b x 0 made a liv+ pr9ciple p]vad+ & animat+ ! book by my wife's prompt+s4 ,?is example illu/rates well ! g5]al "* ( :at %e contribut$ to my writ+s4 ,:at 0 ab/ract & purely sci5tific 0 g5]ally m9e2 ! prop]ly human elem5t came f h]3 9 all t conc]n$ ! application ( philosophy to ! exig5cies ( human society & progress1 ,i 0 h] pupil1 alike 9 boldness ( speculation & cauti\sness ( practical judgm5t4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 %e 0 mu* m c\rage\s & f>-sight$ ?an )\t h] ,i %\ld h be51 9 anticipation ( an ord] ( ?+s to come1 9 :i* _m ( ! limit$ g5]alizations n[ s (t5 conf\nd$ ) univ]sal pr9ciples w cease to be applicable4 ,^? p>ts ( my writ+s1 & especially ( ! ,political ,economy1 :i* contemplate possibilities 9 ! future su* z1 :5 affirm$ by ,sociali/s1 h 9 g5]al be5 fi]cely d5i$ by political economi/s1 w\ld1 b = h]1 ei!r h be5 abs5t1 or ! sugge/ions w\ld h be5 made mu* m timidly & 9 a m qualifi$ =m4 ,b :ile %e ?us r5d]$ me bold] 9 speculation on human affairs1 h] practical turn ( m9d1 & h] almo/ un]r+ e/imate ( practical ob/acles1 repress$ 9 me all t5d5cies t 7 really vision>y4 ,h] m9d inve/$ all ideas 9 a concrete %ape1 & =m$ to itself a conception ( h[ !y w\ld actually "w3 & h] k ( ! exi/+ feel+s & conduct ( mank9d 0 s seldom at fault1 t ! weak po9t 9 any unworkable sugge/ion seldom escapes h]4#f ,dur+ ! two ye>s :i* imm$iately prec$$ ! cessation ( my (ficial life1 my wife & ,i 7 work+ toge!r at ! ,lib]ty4 ,i _h fir/ plann$ & writt5 x z a %ort essay 9 #ahed4 ,x 0 9 m\nt+ ! /eps ( ! ,capitol1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahee1 t ! ?\ght fir/ arose ( conv]t+ x into a volume4 ,none ( my writ+s h be5 ei!r s c>efully compos$1 or s s$ul\sly correct$ z ?is4 ,aft] x _h be5 writt5 z usual twice ov]1 we kept x by u1 br++ x out f "t to "t1 & go+ ?r\gh x de novo1 read+1 weigh+1 & criticiz+ e s5t5ce4 ,its f9al revision 0 to h be5 a "w ( ! w9t] ( #aheh-i1 ! fir/ aft] my retirem5t1 :i* we _h arrang$ to pass 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,t hope & e o!r 7 fru/rat$ by ! mo/ unexpect$ & bitt] calamity ( h] dea?--at ,avignon1 on our way to ,montpelli]1 f a sudd5 attack ( pulmon>y conge/ion4 ,s9ce !n ,i h s\ght = su* allevation z my /ate admitt$ (1 by ! mode ( life :i* mo/ enabl$ me to feel h] /ill ne> me4 ,i b\ght a cottage z close z possible to ! place :]e %e is buri$1 & !re h] daught] 7my fell[-suff]] & n[ my *ief com=t7 & ,i1 live con/antly dur+ a great portion ( ! ye>4 ,my objects 9 life are solely ^? :i* 7 h]s2 my pursuits & occupations ^? 9 :i* %e %>$1 or sympa?iz$1 & :i* are indissolubly associat$ ) h]4 ,h] memory is to me a religion1 & h] approbation ! /&>d by :i*1 summ+ up z x does all wor?9ess1 ,i endeav\r to regulate my life4 ,aft] my irrep>able loss1 "o ( my e>lie/ c>es 0 to pr9t & publi% ! treatise1 s mu* ( :i* 0 ! "w ( h] :om ,i _h lo/1 & consecrate x to h] memory4 ,i h made no alt]ation or addition to x1 nor %all ,i ev]4 ,?\gh x wants ! la/ t\* ( h] h&1 no sub/itute = t t\* %all ev] be attempt$ by m9e4 ,! ,lib]ty 0 m directly & lit]ally our jo9t production ?an any?+ else :i* be>s my "n1 = !re 0 n a s5t5ce ( x t 0 n sev]al times gone ?r\gh by u toge!r1 turn$ ov] 9 _m ways1 & c>efully we$$ ( any faults1 ei!r 9 ?\ght or expression1 t we detect$ 9 x4 ,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is t1 al?\gh x nev] und]w5t h] f9al revision1 x f> surpasses1 z a m]e specim5 ( composition1 any?+ :i* has proce$$ f me ei!r be=e or s9ce4 ,) reg>d to ! ?\ghts1 x is difficult to id5tify any p>ticul> "p or elem5t z be+ m h]s ?an all ! re/4 ,! :ole mode ( ?9k+ ( :i* ! book 0 ! expression1 0 emphatically h]s4 ,b ,i also 0 s ?or\ghly imbu$ ) x1 t ! same ?\ghts naturally occurr$ to u bo?4 ,t ,i 0 ?us p5etrat$ ) x1 h[ev]1 ,i owe 9 a great degree to h]4 ,!re 0 a mom5t 9 my m5tal progress :5 ,i might easily h fall5 into a t5d5cy t[>ds ov]-gov]nm5t1 bo? social & political2 z !re 0 also a mom5t :51 by reaction f a contr>y excess1 ,i might h become a less ?or\gh radical & democrat ?an ,i am4 ,9 bo? ^! po9ts1 z 9 _m o!rs1 %e b5efit$ me z mu* by keep+ me "r :]e ,i 0 "r1 z by lead+ me to new tru?s1 & ridd+ me ( errors4 ,my great read9ess & eag]ness to le>n f ev]ybody1 & to make room 9 my op9ions = e new acquisition by adju/+ ! old & ! new to "o ano!r1 might1 b = h] /eady+ influ5ce1 h s$uc$ me into modify+ my e>ly op9ions too mu*4 ,%e 0 9 no?+ m valuable to my m5tal developm5t ?an by h] j measure ( ! relative importance ( diff]5t consid]ations1 :i* (t5 protect$ me f all[+ to tru?s ,i _h only rec5tly le>nt to see1 a m important place 9 my ?\ghts ?an 0 prop]ly _! due4 ,! ,lib]ty is likely to survive long] ?an any?+ else t ,i h writt5 7) ! possible exception ( ! ,logic71 because ! conjunction ( h] m9d ) m9e has r5d]$ x a k9d ( philosophic text-book ( a s+le tru?1 :i* ! *anges progressively tak+ place 9 mod]n society t5d to br+ out into ev] /rong] relief3 ! importance1 to man & society ( a l>ge v>iety 9 types ( "*1 & ( giv+ full fre$om to human nature to exp& itself 9 innum]able & conflict+ directions4 ,no?+ c bett] %[ h[ deep are ! f\ndations ( ?is tru?1 ?an ! great impression made by ! exposition ( x at a "t :i*1 to sup]ficial obs]vation1 did n seem to /& mu* 9 ne$ ( su* a lesson4 ,! fe>s we express$1 le/ ! inevitable gr[? ( social equality & ( ! gov]nm5t ( public op9ion1 %\ld impose on mank9d an oppressive yoke ( uni=mity 9 op9ion & practice1 might easily h appe>$ *im]ical to ^? :o look$ m at pres5t facts ?an at t5d5cies2 = ! gradual revolution t is tak+ place 9 society & in/itutions has1 ?us f>1 be5 decid$ly fav\rable to ! developm5t ( new op9ions1 & has procur$ = !m a mu* m unprejudic$ he>+ ?an !y previ\sly met )4 ,b ?is is a feature belong+ to p]iods ( transition1 :5 old notions & feel+s h be5 unsettl$1 & no new doctr9es h yet succe$$ to _! asc5dancy4 ,at su* times p ( any m5tal activity1 hav+ giv5 up _! old beliefs1 & n feel+ q sure t ^? !y /ill reta9 c /& unmodifi$1 li/5 eag]ly to new op9ions4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s is necess>ily transitory3 "s p>ticul> body ( doctr9e 9 "t rallies ! majority r\nd x1 organizes social in/itutions & modes ( action con=mably to itself1 education impresses ?is new cre$ ^u ! new g5]ations )\t ! m5tal processes t h l$ to x1 & by degrees x acquires ! v same p[] ( compression1 s long ex]cis$ by ! cre$s ( :i* x _h tak5 ! place4 ,:e!r ?is noxi\s p[] w be ex]cis$1 dep5ds on :e!r mank9d h by t "t become aw>e t x _c be ex]cis$ )\t /unt+ & dw>f+ human nature4 ,x is !n t ! tea*+s ( ! ,lib]ty w h _! greate/ value4 ,& x is to be fe>$ t !y w reta9 t value a long "t4 ,z reg>ds orig9ality1 x has ( c\rse no o!r ?an t :i* e ?\ghtful m9d gives to its own mode ( conceiv+ & express+ tru?s :i* are common prop]ty4 ,! lead+ ?\ght ( ! book is "o :i* ?\gh 9 _m ages conf9$ to insulat$ ?9k]s1 mank9d h probably at no "t s9ce ! beg9n+ ( civilization be5 entirely )\t4 ,to speak only ( ! la/ few g5]ations1 x is di/9ctly conta9$ 9 ! ve9 ( important ?\ght respect+ education & culture1 spread ?r\gh ! ,european m9d by ! lab\rs & g5ius ( ,pe/alozzi4 ,! unqualifi$ *ampion%ip ( x by ,wilhelm von ,humboldt is ref]r$ to 9 ! book2 b he by no means /ood alone 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! pres5t c5tury ! doctr9e ( ! rights ( individuality1 & ! claim ( ! moral nature to develop itself 9 its own way1 0 pu%$ by a :ole s*ool ( ,g]man au?ors ev5 to exagg]ation2 & ! writ+s ( ,goe!1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all ,g]man au?ors1 ?\gh n belong+ to t or to any o!r s*ool1 are p5etrat$ ?r\gh\t by views ( morals & ( conduct 9 life1 (t5 9 my op9ion n def5sible1 b :i* are incessantly seek+ :atev] def5ce !y admit ( 9 ! !ory ( ! "r & duty ( self-developm5t4 ,9 our own c\ntry be=e ! book ,on ,lib]ty 0 writt51 ! doctr9e ( ,individuality _h be5 en?usia/ically ass]t$1 9 a /yle ( vigor\s declamation sometimes rem9d+ "o ( ,fi*te1 by ,mr4 ,william ,maccall1 9 a s]ies ( writ+s ( :i* ! mo/ elaborate is entitl$ ,elem5ts ( ,individualism3 & a rem>kable ,am]ican1 ,mr4 ,w>r51 _h fram$ a ,sy/em ( ,society1 on ! f\ndation ( ! ,sov]eignty ( ! individual1 _h obta9$ a numb] ( foll[]s1 & _h actually comm5c$ ! =mation ( a ,village ,community 7:e!r x n[ exi/s ,i "k n71 :i*1 ?\gh be>+ a sup]ficial resemblance to "s ( ! projects ( ,sociali/s1 is diametrically opposite to !m 9 pr9ciple1 s9ce x recognizes no au?ority :atev] 9 ,society ov] ! individual1 except to en=ce equal fre$om ( developm5t = all individualities4 ,z ! book :i* be>s my "n claim$ no orig9ality = any ( its doctr9es1 & 0 n int5d$ to write _! hi/ory1 ! only au?or :o _h prec$$ me 9 _! ass]tion1 ( :om ,i ?\ght x appropriate to say any?+1 0 ,humboldt1 :o furni%$ ! motto to ! "w2 al?\gh 9 "o passage ,i borr[$ f ! ,w>r5ites _! phrase1 ! sov]eignty ( ! individual4 ,x is h>dly necess>y "h to rem>k t !re are abundant diff]5ces 9 detail1 betwe5 ! conception ( ! doctr9e by any ( ! pr$ecessors ,i h m5tion$1 & t set =? 9 ! book4 ,! political circum/ances ( ! "t induc$ me1 %ortly aft]1 to complete & publi% a pamphlet 7,?\ghts on ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m71 "p ( :i* _h be5 writt5 "s ye>s previ\sly on ! occasion ( "o ( ! abortive ,re=m ,bills1 & _h at ! "t be5 approv$ & revis$ by h]4 ,its pr9cipal features 71 ho/ility to ! ,ballot 7a *ange ( op9ion 9 bo? ( u1 9 :i* %e r prec$$ me71 & a claim ( repres5tation = m9orities2 n1 h[ev]1 at t "t go+ beyond ! cumulative vote propos$ by ,mr4 ,g>? ,m>%all4 ,9 f9i%+ ! pamphlet = publication1 ) a view to ! discussions on ! ,re=m ,bill ( ,"l ,d]by's & ,mr4 ,disraeli's ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahei1 ,i add$ a ?ird feature1 a plurality ( votes1 to be giv51 n to prop]ty1 b to prov$ sup]iority ( education4 ,?is recomm5d$ itself to me z a means ( reconcil+ ! irresi/ible claim ( e man or woman to be consult$1 & to be all[$ a voice1 9 ! regulation ( affairs :i* vitally conc]n !m1 ) ! sup]iority ( weight ju/ly due to op9ions gr\nd$ on sup]iority ( k4 ,! sugge/ion1 h[ev]1 0 "o :i* ,i _h nev] discuss$ ) my almo/ infallible c\nsellor1 & ,i h no evid5ce t %e w\ld h concurr$ 9 x4 ,z f> z ,i h be5 able to obs]ve1 x has f\nd fav\r ) nobody2 all :o desire any sort ( inequality 9 ! electoral vote1 desir+ x 9 fav\r ( prop]ty & n ( intellig5ce or k4 ,if x ev] ov]comes ! /rong feel+ :i* exi/s aga9/ x1 ?is w only be aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( a sy/ematic ,national ,education by :i* ! v>i\s grades ( politically valuable acquirem5t may be accurately def9$ & au!nticat$4 ,)\t ?is x w always rema9 liable to /rong1 possibly conclusive1 objections2 & ) ?is1 x w\ld p]haps n be ne$$4 ,x 0 soon aft] ! publication ( ,?\ghts on ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m1 t ,i became acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,h>e's admirable sy/em ( ,p]sonal ,repres5tation1 :i*1 9 its pres5t %ape1 0 !n = ! fir/ "t publi%$4 ,i saw 9 ?is great practical & philosophical idea1 ! greate/ improvem5t ( :i* ! sy/em ( repres5tative gov]nm5t is susceptible2 an improvem5t :i*1 9 ! mo/ felicit\s mann]1 exactly meets & cures ! gr&1 & :at be=e seem$ ! inh]5t1 defect ( ! repres5tative sy/em2 t ( giv+ to a num]ical majority all p[]1 in/ead ( only a p[] proportional to its numb]s1 & enabl+ ! /ronge/ p>ty to exclude all weak] p>ties f mak+ _! op9ions he>d 9 ! assembly ( ! nation1 except ?r\gh su* opportunity z may be giv5 to !m by ! accid5tally unequal di/ribution ( op9ions 9 diff]5t localities4 ,to ^! great evils no?+ m ?an v imp]fect palliations _h seem$ possible2 b ,mr4 ,h>e's sy/em af=ds a radical cure4 ,?is great discov]y1 = x is no less1 9 ! political art1 inspir$ me1 z ,i believe x has inspir$ all ?\ghtful p]sons :o h adopt$ x1 ) new & m sangu9e hopes respect+ ! prospects ( human society2 by free+ ! =m ( political in/itutions t[>ds :i* ! :ole civiliz$ _w is manife/ly & irresi/ibly t5d+1 f ! *ief "p ( :at seem$ to qualify1 or r5d] d\btful1 its ultimate b5efits4 ,m9orities1 s long z !y rema9 m9orities1 are1 & ought to be1 outvot$2 b "u arrangem5ts :i* enable any assemblage ( vot]s1 am\nt+ to a c]ta9 numb]1 to place 9 ! legislature a repres5tative ( its own *oice1 m9orities _c be suppress$4 ,indep5d5t op9ions w =ce _! way into ! c\ncil ( ! nation & make !mselves he>d !re1 a ?+ :i* (t5 _c happ5 9 ! exi/+ =ms ( repres5tative democracy2 & ! legislature1 in/ead ( be+ we$$ ( individual peculi>ities & entirely made up ( m5 :o simply repres5t ! cre$ ( great political or religi\s p>ties1 w comprise a l>ge proportion ( ! mo/ em95t individual m9ds 9 ! c\ntry1 plac$ !re1 )\t ref]5ce to p>ty1 by vot]s :o appreciate _! individual em95ce4 ,i c und]/& t p]sons1 o!rwise intellig5t1 %\ld1 = want ( suffici5t exam9ation1 be repell$ f ,mr4 ,h>e's plan by :at !y ?9k ! complex nature ( its ma*9]y4 ,b any "o :o does n feel ! want :i* ! s*eme is int5d$ to supply2 any "o :o ?r[s x ov] z a m]e !oretical subtlety or crot*et1 t5d+ to no valuable purpose1 & unwor?y ( ! att5tion ( practical m51 may be pron\nc$ an incompet5t /atesman1 unequal to ! politics ( ! future4 ,i mean1 unless he is a m9i/] or aspires to become "o3 = we are q accu/om$ to a m9i/] cont9u+ to pr(ess unqualifi$ ho/ility to an improvem5t almo/ to ! v day :5 8 consci5ce or 8 int]e/ induces him to take x up z a public measure1 & c>ry x4 ,_h ,i met ) ,mr4 ,h>e's sy/em be=e ! publication ( my pamphlet1 ,i %\ld h giv5 an acc\nt ( x !re4 ,n hav+ done s1 ,i wrote an article 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e 7repr9t$ 9 my miscellane\s writ+s7 pr9cipally = t purpose1 ?\gh ,i includ$ 9 x1 along ) ,mr4 ,h>e's book1 a review ( two o!r productions on ! "q ( ! day2 "o ( !m a pamphlet by my e>ly fri5d1 ,mr4 ,john ,au/91 :o _h 9 8 old age become an enemy to all fur!r ,p>liam5t>y re=m2 ! o!r an able & vig\r\s1 ?\gh p>tially errone\s1 "w by ,mr4 ,lorim]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! same summ] ,i fulfill$ a duty p>ticul>ly incumb5t ^u me1 t ( help+ 7by an article 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review7 to make kn[n ,mr4 ,ba9's pr(\nd treatise on ! ,m9d1 j !n complet$ by ! publication ( its second volume4 ,& ,i c>ri$ ?r\gh ! press a selection ( my m9or writ+s1 =m+ ! fir/ two volumes ( ,diss]tations & ,discussions4 ,! selection _h be5 made dur+ my wife's lifetime1 b ! revision1 9 conc]t ) h]1 ) a view to republication1 _h be5 b>ely comm5c$2 & :5 ,i _h no long] ! guidance ( h] judgm5t ,i despair$ ( pursu+ x fur!r1 & republi%$ ! pap]s z !y 71 ) ! exception ( /rik+ out su* passages z 7 no long] 9 accordance ) my op9ions4 ,my lit]>y "w ( ! ye> 0 t]m9at$ ) an essay 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e 7aft]w>ds republi%$ 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,diss]tations & ,discussions71 entitl$ ,a ,few ,words on ,non-,int]v5tion4 ,i 0 prompt$ to write ?is pap] by a desire1 :ile v9dicat+ ,engl& f ! imputations commonly br\ght aga9/ h] on ! ,cont95t1 ( a peculi> selfi%ness 9 matt]s ( =eign policy to w>n ,engli%m5 ( ! col\r giv5 to ?is imputation by ! l[ tone 9 :i* ,engli% /atesm5 are accu/om$ to speak ( ,engli% policy z conc]n$ only ) ,engli% int]e/s1 & by ! conduct ( ,"l ,palm]/on at t p>ticul> "t 9 oppos+ ! ,suez ,canal2 & ,i took ! opportunity ( express+ ideas :i* _h long be5 9 my m9d 7"s ( !m g5]at$ by my ,indian exp]i5ce1 & o!rs by ! int]national que/ions :i* !n greatly occupi$ ! ,european public71 respect+ ! true pr9ciples ( int]national morality1 & ! legitimate modifications made 9 x by diff]5ce ( times & circum/ances2 a subject ,i _h already1 to "s ext5t1 discuss$ 9 ! v9dication ( ! ,fr5* ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( #ahdh aga9/ ! attacks ( ,"l ,br\gham & o!rs1 :i* ,i publi%$ at ! "t 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 & :i* is repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations4 ,i _h n[ settl$1 z ,i believ$1 = ! rema9d] ( my exi/5ce into a purely lit]>y life2 if t c be call$ lit]>y :i* cont9u$ to be occupi$ 9 a pre-em95t degree ) politics1 & n m]ely ) !oretical1 b practical politics1 al?\gh a great "p ( ! ye> 0 sp5t at a di/ance ( _m hundr$ miles f ! *ief seat ( ! politics ( my own c\ntry1 to :i*1 & prim>ily = :i*1 ,i wrote4 ,b1 9 tru?1 ! mod]n facilities ( communication h n only remov$ all ! disadvantages1 to a political writ] 9 tol]ably easy circum/ances1 ( di/ance f ! sc5e ( political action1 b h conv]t$ !m into advantages4 ,! imm$iate & regul> receipt ( newspap]s & p]iodicals keeps him au c\rant ( ev5 ! mo/ tempor>y politics1 & gives him a mu* m correct view ( ! /ate & progress ( op9ion ?an he c\ld acquire by p]sonal contact ) individuals3 = e "o's social int]c\rse is m or less limit$ to p>ticul> sets or classes1 ^: impressions & no o!rs rea* him ?r\gh t *annel2 & exp]i5ce has taught me t ^? :o give _! "t to ! absorb+ claims ( :at is call$ society1 n hav+ leisure to keep up a l>ge acqua9tance ) ! organs ( op9ion1 rema9 mu* m ignorant ( ! g5]al /ate ei!r ( ! public m9d1 or ( ! active & in/ruct$ "p ( x1 ?an a recluse :o reads ! newspap]s ne$ be4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 disadvantages 9 too long a sep>ation f "o's c\ntry--9 n occasionally r5ew+ "o's impressions ( ! light 9 :i* m5 & ?+s appe> :5 se5 f a position 9 ! mid/ ( !m2 b ! delib]ate judgm5t =m$ at a di/ance1 & undi/urb$ by inequalities ( p]spective1 is ! mo/ to be dep5d$ on1 ev5 = application to practice4 ,alt]nat+ betwe5 ! two positions1 ,i comb9$ ! advantages ( bo?4 ,&1 ?\gh ! inspir] ( my be/ ?\ghts 0 no long] ) me1 ,i 0 n alone3 %e _h left a daught]1 my /epdaught]1 ,miss ,hel5 ,taylor1 ! inh]itor ( mu* ( h] wisdom1 & ( all h] nobl5ess ( "*1 ^: ev] gr[+ & rip5+ tal5ts f t day to ?is h be5 devot$ to ! same great purposes & h already made h] "n bett] & m widely kn[n ?an 0 t ( h] "m1 ?\gh f> less s ?an ,i pr$ict1 t if %e lives x is de/9$ to become4 ,( ! value ( h] direct coop]ation ) me1 some?+ w be said h]eaft]1 ( :at ,i owe 9 ! way ( in/ruction to h] great p[]s ( orig9al ?\ght & s\ndness ( practical judgm5t1 x w\ld be a va9 attempt to give an adequate idea4 ,surely no "o ev] be=e 0 s =tunate1 z1 aft] su* a loss z m9e1 to draw ano!r prize 9 ! lott]y ( life --ano!r companion1 /imulator1 advis]1 & in/ructor ( ! r>e/ quality4 ,:oev]1 ei!r n[ or h]eaft]1 may ?9k ( me & ( ! "w ,i h done1 mu/ nev] =get t x is ! product n ( "o intellect & consci5ce1 b ( ?ree1 ! lea/ consid]able ( :om1 & above all ! lea/ orig9al1 is ! "o ^: "n is atta*$ to x4 ,! "w ( ! ye>s #ahfj & #ahfa consi/$ *iefly ( two treatises1 only "o ( :i* 0 int5d$ = imm$iate publication4 ,?is 0 ! ,consid]ations on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t2 a connect$ exposition ( :at1 by ! ?\ghts ( _m ye>s1 ,i _h come to reg>d z ! be/ =m ( a popul> con/itution4 ,along ) z mu* ( ! g5]al !ory ( gov]nm5t z is necess>y to support ?is p>ticul> portion ( its practice1 ! volume conta9s _m matur$ views ( ! pr9cipal que/ions :i* occupy ! pres5t age1 )9 ! prov9ce ( purely organic in/itutions1 & raises1 by anticipation1 "s o!r que/ions to :i* gr[+ necessities w soon] or lat] compel ! att5tion bo? ( !oretical & ( practical politicians4 ,! *ief ( ^! la/1 is ! di/9ction betwe5 ! function ( mak+ laws1 = :i* a num]\s popul> assembly is radically unfit1 & t ( gett+ good laws made1 :i* is its prop] duty & _c be satisfactorily fulfill$ by any o!r au?ority3 & ! consequ5t ne$ ( a ,legislative ,commission1 z a p]man5t "p ( ! con/itution ( a free c\ntry2 consi/+ ( a small numb] ( highly tra9$ political m9ds1 on :om1 :5 ,p>liam5t has det]m9$ t a law %all be made1 ! task ( mak+ x %\ld be devolv$3 ,p>liam5t reta9+ ! p[] ( pass+ or reject+ ! bill :5 drawn up1 b n ( alt]+ x o!rwise ?an by s5d+ propos$ am5dm5ts to be dealt ) by ! ,commission4 ,! "q "h rais$ respect+ ! mo/ important ( all public functions1 t ( legislation1 is a p>ticul> case ( ! great problem ( mod]n political organization1 /at$1 ,i believe1 = ! fir/ "t 9 its full ext5t by ,b5?am1 ?\gh 9 my op9ion n always satisfactorily resolv$ by him2 ! comb9ation ( complete popul> control ov] public affairs1 ) ! greate/ atta9able p]fection ( skill$ ag5cy4 ,! o!r treatise writt5 at ?is "t is ! "o :i* 0 publi%$ "s ye>s#g lat] "u ! title ( ,! ,subjection ( ,wom54 ,x 0 writt5 at my daught]'s sugge/ion t !re might1 9 any ev5t1 be 9 exi/5ce a writt5 exposition ( my op9ions on t great "q1 z full & conclusive z ,i c\ld make x4 ,! int5tion 0 to keep ?is among o!r unpubli%$ pap]s1 improv+ x f "t to "t if ,i 0 able1 & to publi% x at ! "t :5 x %\ld seem likely to be mo/ useful4 ,z ultimately publi%$ x 0 enri*$ ) "s important ideas ( my daught]'s1 & passages ( h] writ+4 ,b 9 :at 0 ( my own composition1 all t is mo/ /rik+ & pr(\nd belongs to my wife2 com+ f ! fund ( ?\ght :i* _h be5 made common to u bo?1 by our innum]able conv]sations & discussions on a topic :i* fill$ s l>ge a place 9 our m9ds4 ,soon aft] ?is "t ,i took f _! repository a portion ( ! unpubli%$ pap]s :i* ,i _h writt5 dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( our m>ri$ life1 & %ap$ !m1 ) "s additional matt]1 into ! little "w entitl$ ,utilit>ianism2 :i* 0 fir/ publi%$1 9 ?ree p>ts1 9 successive numb]s ( ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 & aft]w>ds repr9t$ 9 a volume4 ,be=e ?is1 h[ev]1 ! /ate ( public affairs _h become extremely critical1 by ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,am]ican civil w>4 ,my /ronge/ feel+s 7 engag$ 9 ?is /ruggle1 :i*1 ,i felt f ! beg9n+1 0 de/9$ to be a turn+ po9t1 = good or evil1 ( ! c\rse ( human affairs = an indef9ite duration4 ,hav+ be5 a deeply int]e/$ obs]v] ( ! slav]y qu>rel 9 ,am]ica1 dur+ ! _m ye>s t prec$$ ! op5 brea*1 ,i knew t x 0 9 all its /ages an aggressive ent]prise ( ! slave-own]s to ext5d ! t]ritory ( slav]y2 "u ! comb9$ influ5ces ( pecuni>y int]e/1 dom9e]+ temp]1 & ! fanaticism ( a class = its class privileges1 influ5ces s fully & p[]fully depict$ 9 ! admirable "w ( my fri5d ,pr(essor ,cairnes1 ,! ,slave ,p[]4 ,_! success1 if !y succe$$1 w\ld be a victory ( ! p[]s ( evil :i* w\ld give c\rage to ! enemies ( progress & damp ! spirits ( its fri5ds all ov] ! civiliz$ _w1 :ile x w\ld create a =midable milit>y p[]1 gr\nd$ on ! wor/ & mo/ anti-social =m ( ! tyranny ( m5 ov] m51 &1 by de/roy+ = a long "t ! pre/ige ( ! great democratic republic1 w\ld give to all ! privileg$ classes ( ,europe a false confid5ce1 probably only to be ext+ui%$ 9 blood4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! _s ( ! ,nor? 0 suffici5tly r\s$ to c>ry ! w> to a successful t]m9ation1 & if t t]m9ation did n come too soon & too easily1 ,i =esaw1 f ! laws ( human nature1 & ! exp]i5ce ( revolutions1 t :5 x did come x w\ld 9 all probability be ?or\gh3 t ! bulk ( ! ,nor!rn population1 ^: consci5ce _h z yet be5 awak5$ only to ! po9t ( resi/+ ! fur!r ext5sion ( slav]y1 b ^: fidelity to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates made !m disapprove ( any attempt by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! ,/ates :]e x already exi/$1 w\ld acquire feel+s ( ano!r k9d :5 ! ,con/itution _h be5 %ak5 (f by arm$ rebellion1 w\ld det]m9e to h done = ev] ) ! accurs$ ?+1 & w\ld jo9 _! bann] ) t ( ! noble body ( ,abolitioni/s1 ( :om ,g>rison 0 ! c\rage\s & s+le-m9d$ apo/le1 ,w5dell ,phillips ! eloqu5t orator1 & ,john ,br[n ! volunt>y m>tyr4#h ,!n1 too1 ! :ole m9d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be let loose f its bonds1 no long] corrupt$ by ! suppos$ necessity ( apologiz+ to =eign]s = ! mo/ flagrant ( all possible violations ( ! free pr9ciples ( _! ,con/itution2 :ile ! t5d5cy ( a fix$ /ate ( society to /]eotype a set ( national op9ions w\ld be at lea/ tempor>ily *eck$1 & ! national m9d w\ld become m op5 to ! recognition ( :atev] 0 bad 9 ei!r ! in/itutions or ! cu/oms ( ! p4 ,^! hopes1 s f> z relat$ to slav]y1 h be5 completely1 & 9 o!r respects are 9 c\rse ( be+ progressively realiz$4 ,=esee+ f ! fir/ ?is d\ble set ( consequ5ces f ! success or failure ( ! rebellion1 x may be imag9$ ) :at feel+s ,i contemplat$ ! ru% ( ne>ly ! :ole upp] & middle classes ( my own c\ntry ev5 ^? :o pass$ = ,lib]als1 into a furi\s pro-,s\!rn p>tisan%ip3 ! work+ classes1 & "s ( ! lit]>y & sci5tific m51 be+ almo/ ! sole exceptions to ! g5]al fr5zy4 ,i nev] be=e felt s ke5ly h[ little p]man5t improvem5t _h rea*$ ! m9ds ( our influ5tial classes1 & ( :at small value 7 ! lib]al op9ions !y _h got into ! habit ( pr(ess+4 ,none ( ! ,cont95tal ,lib]als committ$ ! same frightful mi/ake4 ,b ! g5]ation :i* _h extort$ negro emancipation f our ,we/ ,india plant]s _h pass$ away2 ano!r _h succe$$ :i* _h n le>nt by _m ye>s ( discussion & exposure to feel /rongly ! enormities ( slav]y2 & ! inatt5tion habitual ) ,engli%m5 to :atev] is go+ on 9 ! _w outside _! own isl&1 made !m pr(\ndly ignorant ( all ! antec$5ts ( ! /ruggle1 insomu* t x 0 n g5]ally believ$ 9 ,engl&1 = ! fir/ ye> or two ( ! w>1 t ! qu>rel 0 "o ( slav]y4 ,!re 7 m5 ( high pr9ciple & unque/ionable lib]ality ( op9ion1 :o ?\ght x a dispute ab\t t>iffs1 or assimilat$ x to ! cases 9 :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to sympa?ize1 ( a p /ruggl+ = indep5d5ce4 ,x 0 my obvi\s duty to be "o ( ! small m9ority :o prote/$ aga9/ ?is p]v]t$ /ate ( public op9ion4 ,i 0 n ! fir/ to prote/4 ,x ought to be rememb]$ to ! hon\r ( ,mr4 ,hughes & ( ,mr4 ,ludl[1 t !y1 by writ+s publi%$ at ! v beg9n+ ( ! /ruggle1 began ! prote/ation4 ,mr4 ,bright foll[$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ( 8 spee*es1 foll[$ by o!rs n less /rik+4 ,i 0 on ! po9t ( add+ my words to !irs1 :5 !re occurr$1 t[>ds ! end ( #ahfa1 ! seizure ( ! ,s\!rn envoys on bo>d a ,briti% vessel1 by an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ev5 ,engli% =getfulness has n yet _h "t to lose all remembrance ( ! explosion ( feel+ 9 ,engl& :i* !n bur/ =?1 ! expectation1 prevail+ = "s weeks1 ( w> ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! w>like prep>ations actually comm5c$ on ?is side4 ,:ile ?is /ate ( ?+s la/$1 !re 0 no *ance ( a he>+ = any?+ fav\rable to ! ,am]ican cause2 &1 moreov]1 ,i agre$ ) ^? :o ?\ght ! act unju/ifiable1 & su* z to require t ,engl& %\ld dem& its disav[al4 ,:5 ! disav[al came1 & ! al>m ( w> 0 ov]1 ,i wrote1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfb1 ! pap]1 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 entitl$ ,! ,conte/ 9 ,am]ica1 & ,i %all always feel grateful to my daught] t h] urg5cy prevail$ on me to write x :5 ,i did1 = we 7 !n on ! po9t ( sett+ out = a j\rney ( "s mon?s 9 ,greece & ,turkey1 & b = h]1 ,i %\ld h def]r$ writ+ till our return4 ,writt5 & publi%$ :5 x 01 ?is pap] help$ to enc\rage ^? ,lib]als :o _h felt ov]borne by ! tide ( illib]al op9ion1 & to =m 9 fav\r ( ! good cause a nucleus ( op9ion :i* increas$ gradually1 &1 aft] ! success ( ! ,nor? began to seem probable1 rapidly4 ,:5 we return$ f our j\rney ,i wrote a second article1 a review ( ,pr(essor ,cairnes' book1 publi%$ 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review4 ,engl& is pay+ ! p5alty1 9 _m uncom=table ways1 ( ! durable res5tm5t :i* h] rul+ classes /irr$ up 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by _! o/5tati\s wi%es = ! ru9 ( ,am]ica z a nation2 !y h reason to be ?ankful t a few1 if only a few1 kn[n writ]s & speak]s1 /&+ firmly by ! ,am]icans 9 ! "t ( _! greate/ difficulty1 effect$ a p>tial div]sion ( ^! bitt] feel+s1 & made ,great ,brita9 n altoge!r odi\s to ! ,am]icans4 ,?is duty hav+ be5 p]=m$1 my pr9cipal occupation = ! next two ye>s 0 on subjects n political4 ,! publication ( ,mr4 ,au/9's ,lectures on ,jurisprud5ce aft] 8 decease1 gave me an opportunity ( pay+ a des]v$ tribute to 8 memory1 & at ! same "t express+ "s ?\ghts on a subject on :i*1 9 my old days ( ,b5?amism1 ,i _h be/[$ mu* /udy4 ,b ! *ief product ( ^? ye>s 0 ! ,exam9ation ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton's ,philosophy4 ,8 ,lectures1 publi%$ 9 #ahfj & #ahfa1 ,i _h read t[>ds ! end ( ! latt] ye>1 ) a half-=m$ int5tion ( giv+ an acc\nt ( !m 9 a ,review1 b ,i soon f\nd t ?is w\ld be idle1 & t ju/ice c\ld n be done to ! subject 9 less ?an a volume4 ,i _h !n to consid] :e!r x w\ld be advisable t ,i myself %\ld attempt su* a p]=mance4 ,on consid]ation1 !re seem$ to be /rong reasons = do+ s4 ,i 0 greatly disappo9t$ ) ! ,lectures4 ,i read !m1 c]ta9ly1 ) no prejudice aga9/ ,sir ,william ,hamilton4 ,i _h up to t "t def]r$ ! /udy ( 8 ,notes to ,reid on acc\nt ( _! unf9i%$ /ate1 b ,i _h n neglect$ 8 ,discussions 9 ,philosophy2 & ?\gh ,i knew t 8 g5]al mode ( treat+ ! facts ( m5tal philosophy diff]$ f t ( :i* ,i mo/ approv$1 yet 8 vigor\s polemic aga9/ ! lat] ,transc5d5tali/s1 & 8 /r5u\s ass]tion ( "s important pr9ciples1 especially ! ,relativity ( human k1 gave me _m po9ts ( sympa?y ) 8 op9ions1 & made me ?9k t g5u9e psy*ology _h consid]ably m to ga9 ?an to lose by 8 au?ority & reputation4 ,8 ,lectures & ! ,diss]tations on ,reid dispell$ ?is illusion3 & ev5 ! ,discussions1 read by ! light :i* ^! ?r[ on !m1 lo/ mu* ( _! value4 ,i f\nd t ! po9ts ( app>5t agreem5t betwe5 8 op9ions & m9e 7 m v]bal ?an real2 t ! important philosophical pr9ciples :i* ,i _h ?\ght he recognis$1 7 s expla9$ away by him z to mean little or no?+1 or 7 cont9ually lo/ sight (1 & doctr9es entirely inconsi/5t ) !m 7 taught 9 ne>ly e "p ( 8 philosophical writ+s4 ,my e/imation ( him 0 !re=e s f> alt]$1 t in/ead ( reg>d+ him z occupy+ a k9d ( int]m$iate position betwe5 ! two rival philosophies1 hold+ "s ( ! pr9ciples ( bo?1 & supply+ to bo? p[]ful weapons ( attack & def5ce1 ,i n[ look$ ^u him z "o ( ! pill>s1 & 9 ?is c\ntry f 8 high philosophical reputation ! *ief pill>1 ( t "o ( ! two :i* seem$ to me to be errone\s4 ,n[1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two s*ools ( philosophy1 t ( ,intuition1 & t ( ,exp]i5ce & ,association1 is n a m]e matt] ( ab/ract speculation2 x is full ( practical consequ5ces1 & lies at ! f\ndation ( all ! greate/ diff]5ces ( practical op9ion 9 an age ( progress4 ,! practical re=m] has cont9ually to dem& t *anges be made 9 ?+s :i* are support$ by p[]ful & widely-spread feel+s1 or to "q ! app>5t necessity & indefeasibl5ess ( e/abli%$ facts2 & x is (t5 an indisp5sable "p ( 8 argum5t to %[1 h[ ^? p[]ful feel+s _h _! orig91 & h[ ^? facts came to seem necess>y & indefeasible4 ,!re is !re=e a natural ho/ility betwe5 him & a philosophy :i* disc\rages ! explanation ( feel+s & moral facts by circum/ances & association1 & pref]s to treat !m z ultimate elem5ts ( human nature2 a philosophy :i* is addict$ to hold+ up fav\rite doctr9es z intuitive tru?s1 & deems intuition to be ! voice ( ,nature & ( ,god1 speak+ ) an au?ority high] ?an t ( our reason4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i h long felt t ! prevail+ t5d5cy to reg>d all ! m>k$ di/9ctions ( human "* z innate1 & 9 ! ma9 indelible1 & to ignore ! irresi/ible pro(s t by f> ! great] "p ( ^? diff]5ces1 :e!r betwe5 individuals1 races1 or sexes1 are su* z n only might b naturally w\ld be produc$ by diff]5ces 9 circum/ances1 is "o ( ! *ief h9drances to ! rational treatm5t ( great social que/ions1 & "o ( ! greate/ /umbl+ blocks to human improvem5t4 ,?is t5d5cy has its s\rce 9 ! intuitional metaphysics :i* *>act]iz$ ! reaction ( ! n9ete5? c5tury aga9/ ! eighte5?1 & x is a t5d5cy s agreeable to human indol5ce1 z well z to cons]vative int]e/s g5]ally1 t unless attack$ at ! v root1 x is sure to be c>ri$ to ev5 a great] l5g? ?an is really ju/ifi$ by ! m mod]ate =ms ( ! intuitional philosophy4 ,t philosophy n always 9 its mod]ate =ms1 _h rul$ ! ?\ght ( ,europe = ! great] "p ( a c5tury4 ,my fa!r's ,analysis ( ! ,m9d1 my own ,logic1 & ,pr(essor ,ba9's great treatise1 _h attempt$ to re-introduce a bett] mode ( philosophiz+1 latt]ly ) q z mu* success z c\ld be expect$2 b ,i _h = "s "t felt t ! m]e contra/ ( ! two philosophies 0 n en\gh1 t !re ought to be a h&-to-h& fight betwe5 !m1 t controv]sial z well z expository writ+s 7 ne$$1 & t ! "t 0 come :5 su* controv]sy w\ld be useful4 ,consid]+1 !n1 ! writ+s & fame ( ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton z ! great =tress ( ! intuitional philosophy 9 ?is c\ntry1 a =tress ! m =midable f ! impos+ "*1 & ! 9 _m respects great p]sonal m]its & m5tal end[m5ts1 ( ! man1 ,i ?\ght x might be a real s]vice to philosophy to attempt a ?or\gh exam9ation ( all 8 mo/ important doctr9es1 & an e/imate ( 8 g5]al claims to em95ce z a philosoph]2 & ,i 0 confirm$ 9 ?is resolution by obs]v+ t 9 ! writ+s ( at lea/ "o1 & him "o ( ! able/1 ( ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's foll[]s1 8 peculi> doctr9es 7 made ! ju/ification ( a view ( religion :i* ,i hold to be pr(\ndly immoral--t x is our duty to b[ d[n 9 wor%ip be=e a ,be+ ^: moral attributes are affirm$ to be unkn[able by u1 & to be p]haps extremely diff]5t f ^? :i*1 :5 we are speak+ ( our fell[-creatures1 we call by ! same names4 ,z ,i advanc$ 9 my task1 ! damage to ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's reputation became great] ?an ,i at fir/ expect$1 ?r\gh ! almo/ incr$ible multitude ( inconsi/5cies :i* %[$ !mselves on comp>+ diff]5t passages ) "o ano!r4 ,x 0 my bus9ess1 h[ev]1 to %[ ?+s exactly z !y 71 & ,i did n fl9* f x4 ,i endeav\r$ always to treat ! philosoph] :om ,i criticiz$ ) ! mo/ scrupul\s fairness2 & ,i knew t he _h abundance ( disciples & admir]s to correct me if ,i ev] un9t5tionally did him inju/ice4 ,_m ( !m accord+ly h answ]$ me1 m or less elaborately1 & !y h po9t$ out ov]sights & misund]/&+s1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 & mo/ly v unimportant 9 sub/ance4 ,su* ( ^? z _h 7to my k7 be5 po9t$ out be=e ! publication ( ! late/ edition 7at pres5t ! ?ird7 h be5 correct$ !re1 & ! rema9d] ( ! criticisms h be51 z f> z seem$ necess>y1 repli$ to4 ,on ! :ole1 ! book has done its "w3 x has %[n ! weak side ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 & has r$uc$ 8 too great philosophical reputation )9 m mod]ate b\nds2 & by "s ( its discussions1 z well z by two expository *apt]s1 on ! notions ( ,matt] & ( ,m9d1 x has p]haps ?r[n additional light on "s ( ! disput$ que/ions 9 ! doma9 ( psy*ology & metaphysics4 ,aft] ! completion ( ! book on ,hamilton1 ,i appli$ myself to a task :i* a v>iety ( reasons seem$ to r5d] specially incumb5t ^u me2 t ( giv+ an acc\nt1 & =m+ an e/imate1 ( ! doctr9es ( ,augu/e ,comte4 ,i _h contribut$ m ?an any "o else to make 8 speculations kn[n 9 ,engl&1 &1 9 consequ5ce *iefly ( :at ,i _h said ( him 9 my ,logic1 he _h read]s & admir]s among ?\ghtful m5 on ?is side ( ! ,*annel at a "t :5 8 "n _h n yet 9 ,france em]g$ f obscurity4 ,s unkn[n & unappreciat$ 0 he at ! "t :5 my ,logic 0 writt5 & publi%$1 t to criticize 8 weak po9ts might well appe> sup]flu\s1 :ile x 0 a duty to give z mu* publicity z "o c\ld to ! important contributions he _h made to philosophic ?\ght4 ,at ! "t1 h[ev]1 at :i* ,i h n[ arriv$1 ?is /ate ( affairs _h entirely *ang$4 ,8 "n1 at lea/1 0 kn[n almo/ univ]sally1 & ! g5]al "* ( 8 doctr9es v widely4 ,he _h tak5 8 place 9 ! e/imation bo? ( fri5ds & oppon5ts1 z "o ( ! conspicu\s figures 9 ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,! bett] p>ts ( 8 speculations _h made great progress 9 work+ _! way into ^? m9ds1 :i*1 by _! previ\s culture & t5d5cies1 7 fitt$ to receive !m3 "u cov] ( ^? bett] p>ts ^? ( a worse "*1 greatly develop$ & add$ to 9 8 lat] writ+s1 _h also made "s way1 hav+ obta9$ active & en?usia/ic adh]5ts1 "s ( !m ( no inconsid]able p]sonal m]it1 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,^! causes n only made x desirable t "s "o %\ld und]take ! task ( sift+ :at is good f :at is bad 9 ,m4 ,comte's speculations1 b seem$ to impose on myself 9 p>ticul> a special obligation to make ! attempt4 ,?is ,i accord+ly did 9 two essays1 publi%$ 9 successive numb]s ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 & repr9t$ 9 a small volume "u ! title ,augu/e ,comte & ,positivism4 ,! writ+s :i* ,i h n[ m5tion$1 toge!r ) a small numb] ( pap]s 9 p]iodicals :i* ,i h n deem$ wor? pres]v+1 7 ! :ole ( ! products ( my activity z a writ] dur+ ! ye>s f #ahei to #ahfe4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/-m5tion$ ye>1 9 compliance ) a wi% frequ5tly express$ to me by work+ m51 ,i publi%$ *eap ,p's ,editions ( ^? ( my writ+s :i* seem$ ! mo/ likely to f9d read]s among ! work+ classes2 viz1 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 ,lib]ty1 & ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 a consid]able sacrifice ( my pecuni>y int]e/1 especially z ,i resign$ all idea ( d]iv+ pr(it f ! *eap editions1 & aft] asc]ta9+ f my publi%]s ! l[e/ price :i* !y ?\ght w\ld remun]ate !m on ! usual t]ms ( an equal division ( pr(its1 ,i gave up my half %>e to enable ! price to be fix$ /ill l[]4 ,to ! cr$it ( ,messrs4 ,longman !y fix$1 unask$1 a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s aft] :i* ! copyright & /]eotype plates 7 to rev]t to me1 & a c]ta9 numb] ( copies aft] ! sale ( :i* ,i %\ld receive half ( any fur!r pr(it4 ,?is numb] ( copies 7:i* 9 ! case ( ! ,political ,economy 0 #aj1jjj7 has = "s "t be5 exce$$1 & ! ,p's ,editions h begun to yield me a small b unexpect$ pecuni>y return1 ?\gh v f> f an equival5t = ! dim9ution ( pr(it f ! ,libr>y ,editions4 ,9 ?is summ>y ( my outw>d life ,i h n[ arriv$ at ! p]iod at :i* my tranquil & retir$ exi/5ce z a writ] ( books 0 to be ex*ang$ = ! less cong5ial occupation ( a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,! proposal made to me1 e>ly 9 #ahfe1 by "s electors ( ,we/m9/]1 did n pres5t ! idea to me = ! fir/ "t4 ,x 0 n ev5 ! fir/ (f] ,i _h receiv$1 =1 m ?an t5 ye>s previ\s1 9 consequ5ce ( my op9ions on ! ,iri% ,l& ,"q1 ,mr4 ,lucas & ,mr4 ,duffy1 9 ! "n ( ! popul> p>ty 9 ,irel&1 (f]$ to br+ me into ,p>liam5t = an ,iri% c\nty1 :i* !y c\ld easily h done3 b ! incompatibility ( a seat 9 ,p>liam5t ) ! (fice ,i !n held 9 ! ,india ,h\se1 preclud$ ev5 consid]ation ( ! proposal4 ,aft] ,i _h quitt$ ! ,india ,h\se1 sev]al ( my fri5ds w\ld gladly h se5 me a memb] ( ,p>liam5t2 b !re seem$ no probability t ! idea w\ld ev] take any practical %ape4 ,i 0 conv9c$ t no num]\s or influ5tial portion ( any electoral body1 really wi%$ to be repres5t$ by a p]son ( my op9ions2 & t "o :o possess$ no local connection or popul>ity1 & :o did n *oose to /& z ! m]e organ ( a p>ty _h small *ance ( be+ elect$ any:]e unless ?r\gh ! exp5diture ( money4 ,n[ x 01 & is1 my fix$ conviction1 t a c&idate ought n to incur "o f>?+ ( exp5se = und]tak+ a public duty4 ,su* ( ! lawful exp5ses ( an election z h no special ref]5ce to any p>ticul> c&idate1 ought to be borne z a public *>ge1 ei!r by ! ,/ate or by ! locality4 ,:at has to be done by ! support]s ( ea* c&idate 9 ord] to br+ 8 claims prop]ly be=e ! con/itu5cy1 %\ld be done by unpaid ag5cy or by volunt>y subscription4 ,if memb]s ( ! electoral body1 or o!rs1 are will+ to subscribe money ( _! own = ! purpose ( br++1 by lawful means1 into ,p>liam5t "s "o :o !y ?9k w\ld be useful !re1 no "o is entitl$ to object3 b t ! exp5se1 or any "p ( x1 %\ld fall on ! c&idate1 is fundam5tally wrong2 because x am\nts 9 reality to buy+ 8 seat4 ,ev5 on ! mo/ fav\rable supposition z to ! mode 9 :i* ! money is exp5d$1 !re is a legitimate suspicion t any "o :o gives money = leave to und]take a public tru/1 has o!r ?an public ends to promote by x2 & 7a consid]ation ( ! greate/ importance7 ! co/ ( elections1 :5 borne by ! c&idates1 deprives ! nation ( ! s]vices1 z memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 ( all :o _c or w n af=d to incur a heavy exp5se4 ,i d n say t1 s long z !re is sc>cely a *ance = an indep5d5t c&idate to come into ,p>liam5t )\t comply+ ) ?is vici\s practice1 x mu/ always be morally wrong 9 him to sp5d money1 provid$ t no "p ( x is ei!r directly or indirectly employ$ 9 corruption4 ,b1 to ju/ify x1 he ought to be v c]ta9 t he c be ( m use to 8 c\ntry z a memb] ( ,p>liam5t ?an 9 any o!r mode :i* is op5 to him2 & ?is assurance1 9 my own case1 ,i did n feel4 ,x 0 by no means cle> to me t ,i c\ld d m to advance ! public objects :i* _h a claim on my ex]tions1 f ! b5*es ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ?an f ! simple position ( a writ]4 ,i felt1 !re=e1 t ,i ought n to seek election to ,p>liam5t1 mu* less to exp5d any money 9 procur+ x4 ,b ! conditions ( ! "q 7 consid]ably alt]$ :5 a body ( electors s\ght me out1 & spontane\sly (f]$ to br+ me =w>d z _! c&idate4 ,if x %\ld appe>1 on explanation1 t !y p]si/$ 9 ?is wi%1 kn[+ my op9ions1 & accept+ ! only conditions on :i* ,i c\ld consci5ti\sly s]ve1 x 0 que/ionable :e!r ?is 0 n "o ( ^? calls ^u a memb] ( ! community by 8 fell[-citiz5s1 :i* he 0 sc>cely ju/ifi$ 9 reject+4 ,i !re=e put _! disposition to ! pro( by "o ( ! franke/ explanations ev] t5d]$1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to an electoral body by a c&idate4 ,i wrote1 9 reply to ! (f]1 a lett] = publication1 say+ t ,i _h no p]sonal wi% to be a memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 t ,i ?\ght a c&idate ought nei!r to canvass nor to incur any exp5se1 & t ,i c\ld n cons5t to d ei!r4 ,i said fur!r1 t if elect$1 ,i c\ld n und]take to give any ( my "t & lab\r to _! local int]e/s4 ,) respect to g5]al politics1 ,i told !m )\t res]ve1 :at ,i ?\ght on a numb] ( important subjects on :i* !y _h ask$ my op9ion3 & "o ( ^! be+ ! suffrage1 ,i made kn[n to !m1 among o!r ?+s1 my conviction 7z ,i 0 b\nd to d1 s9ce ,i int5d$1 if elect$1 to act on x71 t wom5 7 entitl$ to repres5tation 9 ,p>liam5t on ! same t]ms ) m54 ,x 0 ! fir/ "t1 d\btless1 t su* a doctr9e _h ev] be5 m5tion$ to ,engli% electors2 & ! fact t ,i 0 elect$ aft] propos+ x1 gave ! />t to ! movem5t :i* has s9ce become s vigor\s1 9 fav\r ( wom5's suffrage4 ,no?+1 at ! "t1 appe>$ m unlikely ?an t a c&idate 7if c&idate ,i c\ld be call$7 ^: pr(essions & conduct set s completely at defiance all ord9>y notions ( electione]+1 %\ld nev]!less be elect$4 ,a well-kn[n lit]>y man1 :o 0 also a man ( society1 0 he>d to say t ! ,almighty himself w\ld h no *ance ( be+ elect$ on su* a programme4 ,i /rictly adh]$ to x1 nei!r sp5d+ money nor canvass+1 nor did ,i take any p]sonal "p 9 ! election1 until ab\t a week prec$+ ! day ( nom9ation1 :5 ,i att5d$ a few public meet+s to /ate my pr9ciples & give to any que/ions :i* ! electors might ex]cise _! j "r ( putt+ to me = _! own guidance2 answ]s z pla9 & unres]v$ z my address4 ,on "o subject only1 my religi\s op9ions1 ,i ann\nc$ f ! beg9n+ t ,i w\ld answ] no que/ions2 a det]m9ation :i* appe>$ to be completely approv$ by ^? :o att5d$ ! meet+s4 ,my frankness on all o!r subjects on :i* ,i 0 int]rogat$1 evid5tly did me f> m good ?an my answ]s1 :atev] !y might be1 did h>m4 ,among ! pro(s ,i receiv$ ( ?is1 "o is too rem>kable n to be record$4 ,9 ! pamphlet1 ,?\ghts on ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m1 ,i _h said1 r bluntly1 t ! work+ classes1 ?\gh diff]+ f ^? ( "s o!r c\ntries1 9 be+ a%am$ ( ly+1 are yet g5]ally li>s4 ,?is passage "s oppon5t got pr9t$ 9 a plac>d1 :i* 0 h&$ to me at a meet+1 *iefly compos$ ( ! work+ classes1 & ,i 0 ask$ :e!r ,i _h writt5 & publi%$ x4 ,i at once answ]$ ,i did4 ,sc>cely 7 ^! two words out ( my m\?1 :5 vehem5t applause res\nd$ ?r\gh ! :ole meet+4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! work+ p 7 s accu/om$ to expect equivocation & evasion f ^? :o s\ght _! suffrages1 t :5 !y f\nd1 in/ead ( t1 a direct av[al ( :at 0 likely to be disagreeable to !m1 in/ead ( be+ affront$1 !y conclud$ at once t ?is 0 a p]son :om !y c\ld tru/4 ,a m /rik+ in/ance nev] came "u my notice ( :at1 ,i believe1 is ! exp]i5ce ( ^? :o be/ "k ! work+ classes1 t ! mo/ ess5tial ( all recomm5dations to _! fav\r is t ( complete /raight=w>dness2 its pres5ce outweighs 9 _! m9ds v /rong objections1 :ile no am\nt ( o!r qualities w make am5ds = its app>5t abs5ce4 ,! fir/ work+ man :o spoke aft] ! incid5t ,i h m5tion$ 7x 0 ,mr4 ,odg]7 said1 t ! work+ classes _h no desire n to be told ( _! faults2 !y want$ fri5ds1 n flatt]]s1 & felt "u obligation to any "o :o told !m any?+ 9 !mselves :i* he s9c]ely believ$ to require am5dm5t4 ,& to ?is ! meet+ he>tily respond$4 ,_h ,i be5 defeat$ 9 ! election1 ,i %\ld /ill h _h no reason to regret ! contact x _h br\ght me into ) l>ge bodies ( my c\ntrym52 :i* n only gave me mu* new exp]i5ce1 b enabl$ me to scatt] my political op9ions r widely1 &1 by mak+ me kn[n 9 _m qu>t]s :]e ,i _h nev] be=e be5 he>d (1 increas$ ! numb] ( my read]s1 & ! presumable influ5ce ( my writ+s4 ,^! latt] effects 7 ( c\rse produc$ 9 a /ill great] degree1 :51 z mu* to my surprise z to t ( any "o1 ,i 0 return$ to ,p>liam5t by a majority ( "s hundr$s ov] my ,cons]vative competitor4 ,i 0 a memb] ( ! ,h\se dur+ ! ?ree sessions ( ! ,p>liam5t :i* pass$ ! ,re=m ,bill2 dur+ :i* "t ,p>liam5t 0 necess>ily my ma9 occupation1 except dur+ ! recess4 ,i 0 a tol]ably frequ5t speak]1 sometimes ( prep>$ spee*es1 sometimes extemporane\sly4 ,b my *oice ( occasions 0 n su* z ,i %\ld h made if my lead+ object _h be5 ,p>liam5t>y influ5ce4 ,:5 ,i _h ga9$ ! e> ( ! ,h\se1 :i* ,i did by a successful spee* on ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,re=m ,bill1 ! idea ,i proce$$ on 0 t :5 any?+ 0 likely to be z well done1 or suffici5tly well done1 by o!r p1 !re 0 no necessity = me to m$dle ) x4 ,z ,i1 !re=e1 9 g5]al res]v$ myself = "w :i* no o!rs 7 likely to d1 a great proportion ( my appe>ances 7 on po9ts on :i* ! bulk ( ! ,lib]al p>ty1 ev5 ! advanc$ portion ( x1 ei!r 7 ( a diff]5t op9ion f m9e1 or 7 comp>atively indiff]5t4 ,sev]al ( my spee*es1 especially "o aga9/ ! motion = ! abolition ( capital puni%m5t1 & ano!r 9 fav\r ( resum+ ! "r ( seiz+ enemies' goods 9 neutral vessels1 7 oppos$ to :at !n 01 & probably /ill is1 reg>d$ z ! advanc$ lib]al op9ion4 ,my advocacy ( wom5's suffrage & ( ,p]sonal ,repres5tation1 7 at ! "t look$ ^u by _m z :ims ( my own2 b ! great progress s9ce made by ^? op9ions1 & especially ! response made f almo/ all p>ts ( ! k+dom to ! dem& = wom5's suffrage1 fully ju/ifi$ ! timel9ess ( ^? movem5ts1 & h made :at 0 und]tak5 z a moral & social duty1 a p]sonal success4 ,ano!r duty :i* 0 p>ticul>ly incumb5t on me z "o ( ! ,metropolitan ,memb]s1 0 ! attempt to obta9 a ,municipal ,gov]nm5t = ! ,metropolis3 b on t subject ! indiff]5ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 0 su* t ,i f\nd h>dly any help or support )9 its walls4 ,on ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 ! organ ( an active & intellig5t body ( p]sons outside1 ) :om1 & n ) me1 ! s*eme orig9at$1 & :o c>ri$ on all ! agitation on ! subject & drew up ! ,bills4 ,my "p 0 to br+ 9 ,bills already prep>$1 & to su/a9 ! discussion ( !m dur+ ! %ort "t !y 7 all[$ to rema9 be=e ! ,h\se2 aft] hav+ tak5 an active "p 9 ! "w ( a ,committee presid$ ov] by ,mr4 ,ayrton1 :i* sat ?r\gh ! great] "p ( ! ,session ( #ahff1 to take evid5ce on ! subject4 ,! v diff]5t position 9 :i* ! "q n[ /&s 7#ahgj7 may ju/ly be attribut$ to ! prep>ation :i* w5t on dur+ ^? ye>s1 & :i* produc$ b little visible effect at ! "t2 b all que/ions on :i* !re are /rong private int]e/s on "o side1 & only ! public good on ! o!r1 h a simil> p]iod ( incubation to g ?r\gh4 ,! same idea1 t ! use ( my be+ 9 ,p>liam5t 0 to d "w :i* o!rs 7 n able or n will+ to d1 made me ?9k x my duty to come to ! front 9 def5ce ( advanc$ ,lib]alism on occasions :5 ! obloquy to be enc\nt]$ 0 su* z mo/ ( ! advanc$ ,lib]als 9 ! ,h\se1 pref]r$ n to incur4 ,my fir/ vote 9 ! ,h\se 0 9 support ( an am5dm5t 9 fav\r ( ,irel&1 mov$ by an ,iri% memb]1 & = :i* only five ,engli% & ,scot* votes 7 giv51 includ+ my own3 ! o!r f\r 7 ,mr4 ,bright1 ,mr4 ,mc,laren1 ,mr4 ,t4,b4 ,pott]1 & ,mr4 ,hadfield4 ,& ! second spee* ,i deliv]$#i 0 on ! bill to prolong ! susp5sion ( ! ,habeas ,corpus 9 ,irel&4 ,9 d5\nc+1 on ?is occasion1 ! ,engli% mode ( gov]n+ ,irel&1 ,i did no m ?an ! g5]al op9ion ( ,engl& n[ admits to h be5 j2 b ! ang] aga9/ ,f5ianism 0 !n 9 all its fre%ness2 any attack on :at ,f5ians attack$ 0 look$ ^u z an apology = !m2 & ,i 0 s unfav\rably receiv$ by ! ,h\se1 t m ?an "o ( my fri5ds advis$ me 7& my own judgm5t agre$ ) ! advice7 to wait1 be=e speak+ aga91 = ! fav\rable opportunity t w\ld be giv5 by ! fir/ great debate on ! ,re=m ,bill4 ,dur+ ?is sil5ce1 _m flatt]$ !mselves t ,i _h turn$ out a failure1 & t !y %\ld n be tr\bl$ ) me any m4 ,p]haps _! uncomplim5t>y comm5ts may1 by ! =ce ( reaction1 h help$ to make my spee* on ! ,re=m ,bill ! success x 04 ,my position 9 ! ,h\se 0 fur!r improv$ by a spee* 9 :i* ,i insi/$ on ! duty ( pay+ (f ! ,national ,debt be=e our coal supplies are exhau/$1 & by an ironical reply to "s ( ! ,tory lead]s :o _h quot$ aga9/ me c]ta9 passages ( my writ+s1 & call$ me to acc\nt = o!rs1 especially = "o 9 my ,consid]ations on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t1 :i* said t ! ,cons]vative p>ty 01 by ! law ( its composition1 ! /upide/ p>ty4 ,!y ga9$ no?+ by draw+ att5tion to ! passage1 :i* up to t "t _h n excit$ any notice1 b ! sobriquet ( ! /upid p>ty /uck to !m = a consid]able "t aft]w>ds4 ,hav+ n[ no long] any appreh5sion ( n be+ li/5$ to1 ,i conf9$ myself1 z ,i h s9ce ?\ght too mu*1 to occasions on :i* my s]vices seem$ specially ne$$1 & ab/a9$ m ?an en\gh f speak+ on ! great p>ty que/ions4 ,) ! exception ( ,iri% que/ions1 & ^? :i* conc]n$ ! work+ classes1 a s+le spee* on ,mr4 ,disraeli's ,re=m ,bill 0 ne>ly all t ,i contribut$ to ! great decisive debates ( ! la/ two ( my ?ree sessions4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 mu* satisfaction 9 look+ back to ! "p ,i took on ! two classes ( subjects j m5tion$4 ,) reg>d to ! work+ classes1 ! *ief topic ( my spee* on ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,re=m ,bill 0 ! ass]tion ( _! claims to ! suffrage4 ,a little lat]1 aft] ! resignation ( ,"l ,russell's ,m9i/ry & ! succession ( a ,tory ,gov]nm5t1 came ! attempt ( ! work+ classes to hold a meet+ 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 _! exclusion by ! police1 & ! break+ d[n ( ! p>k rail+ by ! cr[d4 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,beales & ! lead]s ( ! work+ m5 _h retir$ "u prote/ be=e ?is took place1 a scuffle ensu$ 9 :i* _m innoc5t p]sons 7 maltreat$ by ! police1 & ! exasp]ation ( ! work+ m5 0 extreme4 ,!y %[$ a det]m9ation to make ano!r attempt at a meet+ 9 ! ,p>k1 to :i* _m ( !m w\ld probably h come arm$2 ! ,gov]nm5t made milit>y prep>ations to resi/ ! attempt1 & some?+ v s]i\s seem$ imp5d+4 ,at ?is crisis ,i really believe t ,i 0 ! means ( prev5t+ mu* mis*ief4 ,i _h 9 my place 9 ,p>liam5t tak5 ! side ( ! work+ m51 & /rongly c5sur$ ! conduct ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,i 0 invit$1 ) sev]al o!r ,radical memb]s1 to a conf]5ce ) ! lead+ memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,re=m ,league2 & ! task fell *iefly ^u myself1 ( p]suad+ !m to give up ! ,hyde ,p>k project1 & hold _! meet+ else:]e4 ,x 0 n ,mr4 ,beales & ,colonel ,dickson :o ne$$ p]suad+2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 evid5t t ^! g5tlem5 _h already ex]t$ _! influ5ce 9 ! same direction1 ?us f> )\t success4 ,x 0 ! work+ m5 :o held out1 & s b5t 7 !y on _! orig9al s*eme1 t ,i 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse to les gr&s moy5s4 ,i told !m t a proce$+ :i* w\ld c]ta9ly produce a collision ) ! milit>y1 c\ld only be ju/ifiable on two conditions3 if ! position ( affairs _h become su* t a revolution 0 desirable1 & if !y ?\ght !mselves able to accompli% "o4 ,to ?is argum5t1 aft] consid]able discussion1 !y at la/ yield$3 & ,i 0 able to in=m ,mr4 ,walpole t _! int5tion 0 giv5 up4 ,i %all nev] =get ! dep? ( 8 relief or ! w>m? ( 8 expressions ( gratitude4 ,aft] ! work+ m5 _h conc$$ s mu* to me1 ,i felt b\nd to comply ) _! reque/ t ,i w\ld att5d & speak at _! meet+ at ! ,agricultural ,hall2 ! only meet+ call$ by ! ,re=m ,league :i* ,i ev] att5d$4 ,i _h always decl9$ be+ a memb] ( ! ,league1 on ! av[$ gr\nd t ,i did n agree 9 its programme ( manhood suffrage & ! ballot3 f ! ballot ,i diss5t$ entirely2 & ,i c\ld n cons5t to hoi/ ! flag ( manhood suffrage1 ev5 on ! assurance t ! exclusion ( wom5 0 n int5d$ to be impli$2 s9ce if "o goes beyond :at c be imm$iately c>ri$1 & pr(esses to take "o's /& on a pr9ciple1 "o %\ld g ! :ole l5g? ( ! pr9ciple4 ,i h ent]$ ?us p>ticul>ly into ?is matt] because my conduct on ?is occasion gave great displeasure to ! ,tory & ,tory-,lib]al press1 :o h *>g$ me ev] s9ce ) hav+ %[n myself1 9 ! trials ( public life1 intemp]ate & passionate4 ,i d n "k :at !y expect$ f me2 b !y _h reason to be ?ankful to me if !y knew f :at ,i _h1 9 all probability pres]v$ !m4 ,& ,i d n believe x c\ld h be5 done1 at t p>ticul> juncture1 by any "o else4 ,no o!r p]son1 ,i believe1 _h at t mom5t ! necess>y influ5ce = re/ra9+ ! work+ classes1 except ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,mr4 ,bright1 nei!r ( :om 0 available3 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 = obvi\s reasons2 ,mr4 ,bright because he 0 out ( t[n4 ,:51 "s "t lat]1 ! ,tory ,gov]nm5t br\ght 9 a bill to prev5t public meet+s 9 ! ,p>ks1 ,i n only spoke /rongly 9 opposition to x1 b =m$ "o ( a numb] ( advanc$ ,lib]als1 :o1 aid$ by ! v late p]iod ( ! session1 succe$$ 9 defeat+ ! ,bill by :at is call$ talk+ x out4 ,x has n s9ce be5 r5ew$4 ,on ,iri% affairs also ,i felt b\nd to take a decid$ "p4 ,i 0 "o ( ! =emo/ 9 ! deputation ( ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t :o prevail$ on ,"l ,d]by to sp>e ! life ( ! condemn$ ,f5ian insurg5t1 ,g5]al ,burke4 ,! ,*ur* "q 0 s vigor\sly h&l$ by ! lead]s ( ! p>ty1 9 ! session ( #ahfh1 z to require no m f me ?an an emphatic adhesion3 b ! l& "q 0 by no means 9 s advanc$ a position2 ! sup]/itions ( l&lordism _h up to t "t be5 little *all5g$1 especially 9 ,p>liam5t1 & ! backw>d /ate ( ! "q1 s f> z conc]n$ ! ,p>liam5t>y m9d1 0 evid5c$ by ! extremely mild measure br\ght 9 by ,"l ,russell's gov]nm5t 9 #ahff1 :i* nev]!less c\ld n be c>ri$4 ,on t bill ,i deliv]$ "o ( my mo/ c>eful spee*es1 9 :i* ,i attempt$ to lay d[n "s ( ! pr9ciples ( ! subject1 9 a mann] calculat$ less to /imulate fri5ds1 ?an to conciliate & conv9ce oppon5ts4 ,! engross+ subject ( ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m prev5t$ ei!r ?is bill1 or "o ( a simil> "* br\ght 9 by ,"l ,d]by's ,gov]nm5t1 f be+ c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,!y nev] got beyond ! second read+4 ,mean:ile ! signs ( ,iri% disaffection _h become mu* m decid$2 ! dem& = complete sep>ation betwe5 ! two c\ntries _h assum$ a m5ac+ aspect1 & !re 7 few :o did n feel t if !re 0 /ill any *ance ( reconcil+ ,irel& to ! ,briti% connection1 x c\ld only be by ! adoption ( mu* m ?or\gh re=ms 9 ! t]ritorial & social relations ( ! c\ntry1 ?an _h yet be5 contemplat$4 ,! "t seem$ to me to h come :5 x w\ld be useful to speak out my :ole m9d2 & ! result 0 my pamphlet ,engl& & ,irel&1 :i* 0 writt5 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfg1 & publi%$ %ortly be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! session ( #ahfh4 ,! lead+ features ( ! pamphlet 71 on ! "o h&1 an argum5t to %[ ! undesirabl5ess1 = ,irel& z well z ,engl&1 ( sep>ation betwe5 ! c\ntries1 & on ! o!r1 a proposal = settl+ ! l& "q by giv+ to ! exi/+ t5ants a p]man5t t5ure1 at a fix$ r5t1 to be assess$ aft] due inquiry by ! ,/ate4 ,! pamphlet 0 n popul>1 except 9 ,irel&1 z ,i did n expect x to be4 ,b1 if no measure %ort ( t :i* ,i propos$ w\ld d full ju/ice to ,irel&1 or af=d a prospect ( conciliat+ ! mass ( ! ,iri% p1 ! duty ( propos+ x 0 imp]ative2 :ile if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re 0 any int]m$iate c\rse :i* _h a claim to a trial1 ,i well knew t to propose some?+ :i* w\ld be call$ extreme1 0 ! true way n to imp$e b to facilitate a m mod]ate exp]im5t4 ,x is mo/ improbable t a measure conc$+ s mu* to ! t5antry z ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,iri% ,l& ,bill1 w\ld h be5 propos$ by a ,gov]nm5t1 or c\ld h be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh ,p>liam5t1 unless ! ,briti% public _h be5 l$ to p]ceive t a case might be made1 & p]haps a p>ty =m$1 = a measure consid]ably /rong]4 ,x is ! "* ( ! ,briti% p1 or at lea/ ( ! high] & middle classes :o pass mu/] = ! ,briti% p1 t to induce !m to approve ( any *ange1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld look ^u x z a middle c\rse3 !y ?9k e proposal extreme & viol5t unless !y he> ( "s o!r proposal go+ /ill f>!r1 ^u :i* _! antipa?y to extreme views may dis*>ge itself4 ,s x prov$ 9 ! pres5t in/ance2 my proposal 0 condemn$1 b any s*eme = ,iri% ,l& re=m %ort ( m9e1 came to be ?\ght mod]ate by comp>ison4 ,i may obs]ve t ! attacks made on my plan usually gave a v incorrect idea ( its nature4 ,x 0 usually discuss$ z a proposal t ! ,/ate %\ld buy up ! l& & become ! univ]sal l&lord2 ?\gh 9 fact x only (f]$ to ea* individual l&lord ?is z an alt]native1 if he lik$ bett] to sell 8 e/ate ?an to reta9 x on ! new conditions2 & ,i fully anticipat$ t mo/ l&lords w\ld cont9ue to pref] ! position ( l&[n]s to t ( ,gov]nm5t annuitants1 & w\ld reta9 _! exi/+ relation to _! t5ants1 (t5 on m indulg5t t]ms ?an ! full r5ts on :i* ! comp5sation to be giv5 !m by ,gov]nm5t w\ld h be5 bas$4 ,?is & _m o!r explanations ,i gave 9 a spee* on ,irel&1 9 ! debate on ,mr4 ,maguire's ,resolution1 e>ly 9 ! session ( #ahfh4 ,a correct$ report ( ?is spee*1 toge!r ) my spee* on ,mr4 ,=tescue's ,bill1 has be5 publi%$ 7n by me1 b ) my p]mission7 9 ,irel&4 ,ano!r public duty1 ( a mo/ s]i\s k9d1 x 0 my lot to h to p]=m1 bo? 9 & out ( ,p>liam5t1 dur+ ^! ye>s4 ,a di/urbance 9 ,jamaica1 provok$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by inju/ice1 & exagg]at$ by rage & panic into a prem$itat$ rebellion1 _h be5 ! motive or excuse = tak+ hundr$s ( innoc5t lives by milit>y viol5ce1 or by s5t5ce ( :at 7 call$ c\rts-m>tial1 cont9u+ = weeks aft] ! brief di/urbance _h be5 put d[n2 ) _m add$ atrocities ( de/ruction ( prop]ty logg+ wom5 z well z m51 & a g5]al display ( ! brutal recklessness :i* usually prevails :5 fire & sword are let loose4 ,! p]petrators ( ^? de$s 7 def5d$ & applaud$ 9 ,engl& by ! same k9d ( p :o _h s long upheld negro slav]y3 & x seem$ at fir/ z if ! ,briti% nation 0 ab\t to incur ! disgrace ( lett+ pass )\t ev5 a prote/1 excesses ( au?ority z revolt+ z any ( ^? = :i*1 :5 p]petrat$ by ! in/rum5ts ( o!r gov]nm5ts1 ,engli%m5 c h>dly f9d t]ms suffici5t to express _! abhorr5ce4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 an indignant feel+ 0 r\s$3 a volunt>y ,association =m$ itself "u ! "n ( ! ,jamaica ,committee1 to take su* delib]ation & action z ! case might admit (1 & adhesions p\r$ 9 f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,i 0 abroad at ! "t1 b ,i s5t 9 my "n to ! ,committee z soon z ,i he>d ( x1 & took an active "p 9 ! proce$+s f ! "t ( my return4 ,!re 0 mu* m at /ake ?an only ju/ice to ! negroes1 imp]ative z 0 t consid]ation4 ,! "q 01 :e!r ! ,briti% dep5d5cies1 & ev5tually1 p]haps1 ,great ,brita9 itself1 7 to be "u ! gov]nm5t ( law1 or ( milit>y lic5ce2 :e!r ! lives & p]sons ( ,briti% subjects are at ! m]cy ( any two or ?ree (fic]s h[ev] raw & inexp]i5c$ or reckless & brutal1 :om a panic-/rick5 ,gov]nor1 or o!r function>y1 may assume ! "r to con/itute into a s-call$ c\rt-m>tial4 ,?is "q c\ld only be decid$ by an appeal to ! tribunals2 & su* an appeal ! ,committee det]m9$ to make4 ,_! det]m9ation l$ to a *ange 9 ! *airman%ip ( ! ,committee1 z ! *airman1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,buxton1 ?\ght x n unju/ inde$1 b inexp$i5t1 to prosecute ,gov]nor ,eyre & 8 pr9cipal subord9ates 9 a crim9al c\rt3 b a num]\sly att5d$ g5]al meet+ ( ! ,association hav+ decid$ ?is po9t aga9/ him1 ,mr4 ,buxton )drew f ! ,committee1 ?\gh cont9u+ to "w 9 ! cause1 & ,i 01 q unexpect$ly on my own "p1 propos$ & elect$ *airman4 ,x became1 9 consequ5ce1 my duty to repres5t ! ,committee 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 sometimes by putt+ que/ions to ! ,gov]nm5t1 sometimes z ! recipi5t ( que/ions1 m or less provocative1 address$ by individual memb]s to myself2 b especially z speak] 9 ! important debate orig9at$ 9 ! session ( #ahff1 by ,mr4 ,buxton3 & ! spee* ,i !n deliv]$ is t :i* ,i %\ld probably select z ! be/ ( my spee*es 9 ,p>liam5t4#aj ,= m ?an two ye>s we c>ri$ on ! combat1 try+ e av5ue legally op5 to u1 to ! ,c\rts ( ,crim9al ,ju/ice4 ,a b5* ( magi/rates 9 "o ( ! mo/ ,tory c\nties 9 ,engl& dismiss$ our case3 we 7 m successful be=e ! magi/rates at ,b[ ,/reet2 :i* gave an opportunity to ! ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,que5's ,b5*1 ,sir ,alex&] ,cockburn1 = deliv]+ 8 celebrat$ *>ge1 :i* settl$ ! law ( ! "q 9 fav\r ( lib]ty1 z f> z x is 9 ! p[] ( a judge's *>ge to settle x4 ,!re1 h[ev]1 our success end$1 = ! ,old ,bailey ,gr& jury by ?r[+ out our bill prev5t$ ! case f com+ to trial4 ,x 0 cle> t to br+ ,engli% function>ies to ! b> ( a crim9al c\rt = abuses ( p[] committ$ aga9/ negroes & mulattoes 0 n a popul> proce$+ ) ! ,engli% middle classes4 ,we _h1 h[ev]1 r$eem$1 s f> z lay 9 u1 ! "* ( our c\ntry1 by %[+ t !re 0 at any rate a body ( p]sons det]m9$ to use all ! means :i* ! law af=d$ to obta9 ju/ice = ! injur$4 ,we _h elicit$ f ! highe/ crim9al judge 9 ! nation an au?oritative decl>ation t ! law 0 :at we ma9ta9$ x to be2 & we _h giv5 an emphatic w>n+ to ^? :o might be tempt$ to simil> guilt h]eaft]1 t1 ?\gh !y might escape ! actual s5t5ce ( a crim9al tribunal1 !y 7 n safe aga9/ be+ put to "s tr\ble & exp5se 9 ord] to avoid x4 ,colonial gov]nors & o!r p]sons 9 au?ority1 w h a consid]able motive to /op %ort ( su* extremities 9 future4 ,z a matt] ( curiosity ,i kept "s specim5s ( ! abusive lett]s1 almo/ all ( !m anonym\s1 :i* ,i receiv$ :ile ^! proce$+s 7 go+ on4 ,!y are evid5ce ( ! sympa?y felt ) ! brutalities 9 ,jamaica by ! brutal "p ( ! population at home4 ,!y graduat$ f co>se jokes1 v]bal & pictorial1 up to ?reats ( assass9ation4 ,among o!r matt]s ( importance 9 :i* ,i took an active "p1 b :i* excit$ little int]e/ 9 ! public1 two des]ve p>ticul> m5tion4 ,i jo9$ ) sev]al o!r indep5d5t ,lib]als 9 defeat+ an ,extradition ,bill introduc$ at ! v end ( ! session ( #ahff1 & by :i*1 ?\gh surr5d] av[$ly = political (f5ces 0 n au?oriz$1 political refugees1 if *>g$ by a =eign ,gov]nm5t ) acts :i* are necess>ily incid5t to all attempts at insurrection1 w\ld h be5 surr5d]$ to be dealt ) by ! crim9al c\rts ( ! ,gov]nm5t aga9/ :i* !y _h rebell$3 ?us mak+ ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t an accomplice 9 ! v5geance ( =eign despotisms4 ,! defeat ( ?is proposal l$ to ! appo9tm5t ( a ,select ,committee 79 :i* ,i 0 includ$71 to exam9e & report on ! :ole subject ( ,extradition ,treaties2 & ! result 01 t 9 ! ,extradition ,act :i* pass$ ?r\gh ,p>liam5t aft] ,i _h ceas$ to be a memb]1 opportunity is giv5 to any "o ^: extradition is dem&$1 ( be+ he>d be=e an ,engli% c\rt ( ju/ice to prove t ! (f5ce ) :i* he is *>g$1 is really political4 ,! cause ( ,european fre$om has ?us be5 sav$ f a s]i\s mis=tune1 & our own c\ntry f a great iniquity4 ,! o!r subject to be m5tion$ is ! fight kept up by a body ( advanc$ ,lib]als 9 ! session ( #ahfh1 on ! ,brib]y ,bill ( ,mr4 ,disraeli's ,gov]nm5t1 9 :i* ,i took a v active "p4 ,i _h tak5 c\nsel ) sev]al ( ^? :o _h appli$ _! m9ds mo/ c>efully to ! details ( ! subject--,mr4 ,w4,d4 ,*ri/ie1 ,s]jeant ,pull+1 ,mr4 ,*adwick--z well z be/[$ mu* ?\ght ( my own1 = ! purpose ( fram+ su* am5dm5ts & additional clauses z might make ! ,bill really effective aga9/ ! num]\s modes ( corruption1 direct & indirect1 :i* might o!rwise1 z !re 0 mu* reason to fe>1 be increas$ in/ead ( dim9i%$ by ! ,re=m ,act4 ,we also aim$ at engraft+ on ! ,bill1 measures = dim9i%+ ! mis*iev\s burd5 ( :at are call$ ! legitimate exp5ses ( elections4 ,among our _m am5dm5ts1 0 t ( ,mr4 ,fawcett = mak+ ! return+ (fic]'s exp5ses a *>ge on ! rates1 in/ead ( on ! c&idates2 ano!r 0 ! prohibition ( paid canvass]s1 & ! limitation ( paid ag5ts to "o = ea* c&idate2 a ?ird 0 ! ext5sion ( ! precautions & p5alties aga9/ brib]y to municipal elections1 :i* are well kn[n to be n only a prep>atory s*ool = brib]y at p>liam5t>y elections1 b an habitual cov] = x4 ,! ,cons]vative ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 :5 once !y _h c>ri$ ! lead+ provision ( _! ,bill 7= :i* ,i vot$ & spoke71 ! transf] ( ! jurisdiction 9 elections f ! ,h\se ( ,commons to ! ,judges1 made a det]m9$ resi/ance to all o!r improvem5ts2 & aft] "o ( our mo/ important proposals1 t ( ,mr4 ,fawcett1 _h actually obta9$ a majority1 !y summon$ ! /r5g? ( _! p>ty & ?rew out ! clause 9 a subsequ5t /age4 ,! ,lib]al p>ty 9 ! ,h\se 0 greatly di%on\r$ by ! conduct ( _m ( its memb]s 9 giv+ no help :atev] to ?is attempt to secure ! necess>y conditions ( an hone/ repres5tation ( ! p4 ,) _! l>ge majority 9 ! ,h\se !y c\ld h c>ri$ all ! am5dm5ts1 or bett] ones if !y _h bett] to propose4 ,b x 0 late 9 ! session2 memb]s 7 eag] to set ab\t _! prep>ations = ! imp5d+ ,g5]al ,election3 & :ile "s 7su* z ,sir ,rob]t ,an/ru!r7 hon\rably rema9$ at _! po/1 ?\gh rival c&idates 7 already canvass+ _! con/itu5cy1 a mu* great] numb] plac$ _! electione]+ int]e/s be=e _! public duty4 ,_m ,lib]als also look$ ) indiff]5ce on legislation aga9/ brib]y1 ?9k+ t x m]ely div]t$ public int]e/ f ! ,ballot1 :i* !y consid]$--v mi/ak5ly z ,i expect x w turn out--to be a suffici5t1 & ! only1 rem$y4 ,f ^! causes our fight1 ?\gh kept up ) great vig\r = sev]al nights1 0 :olly unsuccessful1 & ! practices :i* we s\ght to r5d] m difficult1 prevail$ m widely ?an ev] 9 ! fir/ ,g5]al ,election held "u ! new electoral law4 ,9 ! g5]al debates on ,mr4 ,disraeli's ,re=m ,bill1 my p>ticipation 0 limit$ to ! "o spee* already m5tion$2 b ,i made ! ,bill an occasion = br++ ! two great improvem5ts :i* rema9 to be made 9 ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t1 =mally be=e ! ,h\se & ! nation4 ,"o ( !m 0 ,p]sonal1 or1 z x is call$ ) equal propriety1 ,proportional ,repres5tation4 ,i br\ght ?is "u ! consid]ation ( ! ,h\se1 by an expository & argum5tative spee* on ,mr4 ,h>e's plan2 & subsequ5tly ,i 0 active 9 support ( ! v imp]fect sub/itute = t plan1 :i*1 9 a small numb] ( con/itu5cies1 ,p>liam5t 0 induc$ to adopt4 ,?is poor make%ift _h sc>cely any recomm5dation1 except t x 0 a p>tial recognition ( ! evil :i* x did s little to rem$y4 ,z su*1 h[ev]1 x 0 attack$ by ! same fallacies1 & requir$ to be def5d$ on ! same pr9ciples1 z a really good measure2 & its adoption 9 a few ,p>liam5t>y elections1 z well z ! subsequ5t introduction ( :at is call$ ! ,cumulative ,vote 9 ! elections = ! ,london ,s*ool ,bo>d1 h _h ! good effect ( conv]t+ ! equal claim ( all electors to a proportional %>e 9 ! repres5tation1 f a subject ( m]ely speculative discussion1 into a "q ( practical politics1 mu* soon] ?an w\ld o!rwise h be5 ! case4 ,?is ass]tion ( my op9ions on ,p]sonal ,repres5tation _c be cr$it$ ) any consid]able or visible am\nt ( practical result4 ,x 0 o!rwise ) ! o!r motion :i* ,i made 9 ! =m ( an am5dm5t to ! ,re=m ,bill1 & :i* 0 by f> ! mo/ important1 p]haps ! only really important1 public s]vice ,i p]=m$ 9 ! capacity ( a ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t3 a motion to /rike out ! words :i* 7 und]/ood to limit ! electoral fran*ise to males1 & !reby to admit to ! suffrage all wom5 :o1 z h\sehold]s or o!rwise1 possess$ ! qualification requir$ ( male electors4 ,= wom5 n to make _! claim to ! suffrage1 at ! "t :5 ! elective fran*ise 0 be+ l>gely ext5d$1 w\ld h be5 to abjure ! claim altoge!r2 & a movem5t on ! subject 0 begun 9 #ahff1 :5 ,i pres5t$ a petition = ! suffrage1 sign$ by a consid]able numb] ( di/+ui%$ wom54 ,b x 0 z yet unc]ta9 :e!r ! proposal w\ld obta9 m ?an a few /ray votes 9 ! ,h\se3 & :51 aft] a debate 9 :i* ! speak]'s on ! contr>y side 7 conspicu\s by _! feebl5ess1 ! votes record$ 9 fav\r ( ! motion am\nt$ to #gc--made up by pairs & tell]s to above #hj--! surprise 0 g5]al1 & ! enc\ragem5t great3 ! great]1 too1 because "o ( ^? :o vot$ = ! motion 0 ,mr4 ,bright1 a fact :i* c\ld only be attribut$ to ! impression made on him by ! debate1 z he _h previ\sly made no secret ( 8 nonconcurr5ce 9 ! proposal4 ,! "t appe>$ to my daught]1 ,miss ,hel5 ,taylor1 to h come = =m+ a ,society = ! ext5sion ( ! suffrage to wom54 ,! exi/5ce ( ! ,society is due to my daught]'s initiative2 its con/itution 0 plann$ entirely by h]1 & %e 0 ! s\l ( ! movem5t dur+ its fir/ ye>s1 ?\gh delicate heal? & sup]abundant occupation made h] decl9e to be a memb] ( ! ,executive ,committee4 ,_m di/+ui%$ memb]s ( p>liam5t1 pr(essors1 & o!rs1 & "s ( ! mo/ em95t wom5 ( :om ! c\ntry c boa/1 became memb]s ( ! ,society1 a l>ge proportion ei!r directly or indirectly ?r\gh my daught]'s influ5ce1 %e hav+ writt5 ! great] numb]1 & all ! be/1 ( ! lett]s by :i* adhesions 0 obta9$1 ev5 :5 ^? lett]s bore my signature4 ,9 two rem>kable in/ances1 ^? ( ,miss ,night+ale & ,miss ,m>y ,c>p5t]1 ! reluctance ^? ladies _h at fir/ felt to come =w>d1 7= x 0 n on _! pa/ diff]5ce ( op9ion7 0 ov]come by appeals writt5 by my daught] ?\gh sign$ by me4 ,associations = ! same object 7 =m$ 9 v>i\s local c5tres1 ,man*e/]1 ,ed9burgh1 ,birm+ham1 ,bri/ol1 & ,glasg[2 & o!rs :i* h done mu* valuable "w = ! cause4 ,all ! ,societies take ! title ( bran*es ( ! ,national ,society = ,wom5's ,suffrage2 b ea* has its own gov]n+ body1 & acts 9 complete indep5d5ce ( ! o!rs4 ,i believe ,i h m5tion$ all t is wor? rememb]+ ( my proce$+s 9 ! ,h\se4 ,b _! enum]ation1 ev5 if complete1 w\ld give b an inadequate idea ( my occupations dur+ t p]iod1 & especially ( ! "t tak5 up by correspond5ce4 ,= _m ye>s be=e my election to ,p>liam5t1 ,i _h be5 cont9ually receiv+ lett]s f /rang]s1 mo/ly address$ to me z a writ] on philosophy1 & ei!r prop\nd+ difficulties or communicat+ ?\ghts on subjects connect$ ) logic or political economy4 ,9 common1 ,i suppose1 ) all :o are kn[n z political economi/s1 ,i 0 a recipi5t ( all ! %all[ !ories & absurd proposals by :i* p are p]petually endeav\r+ to %[ ! way to univ]sal weal? & happ9ess by "s artful reorganization ( ! curr5cy4 ,:5 !re 7 signs ( suffici5t intellig5ce 9 ! writ]s to make x wor? :ile attempt+ to put !m "r1 ,i took ! tr\ble to po9t out _! errors1 until ! gr[? ( my correspond5ce made x necess>y to dismiss su* p]sons ) v brief answ]s4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 ( ! communications ,i receiv$ 7 m wor?y ( att5tion ?an ^!1 & 9 "s1 ov]sights ( detail 7 po9t$ out 9 my writ+s1 :i* ,i 0 ?us enabl$ to correct4 ,correspond5ce ( ?is sort naturally multipli$ ) ! multiplication ( ! subjects on :i* ,i wrote1 especially ^? ( a metaphysical "*4 ,b :5 ,i became a memb] ( ,p>liam5t4 ,i began to receive lett]s on private grievances & on e imag9able subject t relat$ to any k9d ( public affairs1 h[ev] remote f my k or pursuits4 ,x 0 n my con/itu5ts 9 ,we/m9/] :o laid ?is bur!n on me3 !y kept ) rem>kable fidelity to ! und]/&+ on :i* ,i _h cons5t$ to s]ve4 ,i receiv$1 inde$1 n[ & !n an application f "s +5u\s y\? to procure = him a small gov]nm5t appo9tm5t2 b ^! 7 few1 & h[ simple & ignorant ! writ]s 71 0 %[n by ! fact t ! applications came 9 ab\t equally :i*ev] p>ty 0 9 p[]4 ,my inv>iable answ] 01 t x 0 contr>y to ! pr9ciples on :i* ,i 0 elect$ to ask fav\rs ( any ,gov]nm5t4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 h>dly any "p ( ! c\ntry gave me less tr\ble ?an my own con/itu5ts4 ,! g5]al mass ( correspond5ce1 h[ev]1 swell$ into an oppressive bur!n4 ,at ?is "t1 & !nce=?1 a great proportion ( all my lett]s 7includ+ _m :i* f\nd _! way into ! newspap]s7 7 n writt5 by me b by my daught]2 at fir/ m]ely f h] will+ness to help 9 dispos+ ( a mass ( lett]s great] ?an ,i c\ld get ?r\gh )\t assi/ance1 b aft]w>ds because ,i ?\ght ! lett]s %e wrote sup]ior to m9e1 & m s 9 proportion to ! difficulty & importance ( ! occasion4 ,ev5 ^? :i* ,i wrote myself 7 g5]ally mu* improv$ by h]1 z is also ! case ) all ! m rec5t ( my prep>$ spee*es1 ( :i*1 & ( "s ( my publi%$ writ+s1 n a few passages1 & ^? ! mo/ successful1 7 h]s4 ,:ile ,i rema9$ 9 ,p>liam5t my "w z an au?or 0 unavoidably limit$ to ! recess4 ,dur+ t "t ,i wrote 7besides ! pamphlet on ,irel&1 already m5tion$71 ! ,essay on ,plato1 publi%$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 & repr9t$ 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,diss]tations & ,discussions2 & ! address :i*1 con=mably to cu/om1 ,i deliv]$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rew's1 ^: /ud5ts _h done me ! hon\r ( elect+ me to ! (fice ( ,rector4 ,9 ?is ,disc\rse ,i gave expression to _m ?\ghts & op9ions :i* _h be5 accumulat+ 9 me ?r\gh life1 respect+ ! v>i\s /udies :i* belong to a lib]al education1 _! uses & influ5ces1 & ! mode 9 :i* !y %\ld be pursu$ to r5d] _! influ5ces mo/ b5eficial4 ,! position tak5 up1 v9dicat+ ! high educational value alike ( ! old classic & ! new sci5tific /udies1 on ev5 /rong] gr\nds ?an are urg$ by mo/ ( _! advocates1 & insi/+ t x is only ! /upid ineffici5cy ( ! usual tea*+ :i* makes ^? /udies be reg>d$ z competitors in/ead ( allies1 01 ,i ?9k1 calculat$1 n only to aid & /imulate ! improvem5t :i* has happily comm5c$ 9 ! national in/itutions = high] education1 b to diffuse ju/] ideas ?an we (t5 f9d1 ev5 9 highly educat$ m51 on ! conditions ( ! highe/ m5tal cultivation4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod also ,i comm5c$ 7& complet$ soon aft] ,i _h left ,p>liam5t7 ! p]=mance ( a duty to philosophy & to ! memory ( my fa!r1 by prep>+ & publi%+ an edition ( ! ,analysis ( ! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,human ,m9d1 ) notes br++ up ! doctr9es ( t admirable book to ! late/ improvem5ts 9 sci5ce & 9 speculation4 ,?is 0 a jo9t und]tak+3 ! psy*ological notes be+ furni%$ 9 ab\t equal proportions by ,mr4 ,ba9 & myself1 :ile ,mr4 ,grote suppli$ "s valuable contributions on po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy incid5tally rais$1 & ,dr4 ,&rew ,f9dlat] suppli$ ! defici5cies 9 ! book :i* _h be5 occasion$ by ! imp]fect philological k ( ! "t :5 x 0 writt54 ,hav+ be5 orig9ally publi%$ at a "t :5 ! curr5t ( metaphysical speculation ran 9 a q opposite direction to ! psy*ology ( ,exp]i5ce & ,association1 ! ,analysis _h n obta9$ ! am\nt ( imm$iate success :i* x des]v$1 ?\gh x _h made a deep impression on _m individual m9ds1 & _h l>gely contribut$1 ?r\gh ^? m9ds1 to create t m fav\rable atmosph]e = ! ,association ,psy*ology ( :i* we n[ h ! b5efit4 ,admirably adapt$ = a class book ( ! ,exp]i5ce ,metaphysics1 x only requir$ to be enri*$1 & 9 "s cases correct$1 by ! results ( m rec5t lab\rs 9 ! same s*ool ( ?\ght1 to /&1 z x n[ does1 9 company ) ,mr4 ,ba9's treatises1 at ! head ( ! sy/ematic works on ,analytic psy*ology4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahfh ! ,p>liam5t :i* pass$ ! ,re=m ,act 0 dissolv$1 & at ! new election = ,we/m9/] ,i 0 ?r[n out2 n to my surprise1 nor1 ,i believe1 to t ( my pr9cipal support]s1 ?\gh 9 ! few days prec$+ ! election !y _h become m sangu9e ?an be=e4 ,t ,i %\ld n h be5 elect$ at all w\ld n h requir$ any explanation2 :at excites curiosity is t ,i %\ld h be5 elect$ ! fir/ "t1 or1 hav+ be5 elect$ !n1 %\ld h be5 defeat$ aft]w>ds4 ,b ! ef=ts made to defeat me 7 f> great] on ! second occasion ?an on ! fir/4 ,= "o ?+1 ! ,tory ,gov]nm5t 0 n[ /ruggl+ = exi/5ce1 & success 9 any conte/ 0 ( m importance to !m4 ,!n1 too1 all p]sons ( ,tory feel+s 7 f> m embitt]$ aga9/ me individually ?an on ! previ\s occasion2 _m :o _h at fir/ be5 ei!r fav\rable or indiff]5t1 7 vehem5tly oppos$ to my re-election4 ,z ,i _h %[n 9 my political writ+s t ,i 0 aw>e ( ! weak po9ts 9 democratic op9ions1 "s ,cons]vatives1 x seems1 _h n be5 )\t hopes ( f9d+ me an oppon5t ( democracy3 z ,i 0 able to see ! ,cons]vative side ( ! "q1 !y presum$ t1 l !m1 ,i c\ld n see any o!r side4 ,yet if !y _h really read my writ+s1 !y w\ld h kn[n t aft] giv+ full weight to all t appe>$ to me well gr\nd$ 9 ! argum5ts aga9/ democracy1 ,i unhesitat+ly decid$ 9 its fav\r1 :ile recomm5d+ t x %\ld be accompani$ by su* in/itutions z 7 consi/5t ) its pr9ciple & calculat$ to w>d (f its inconv5i5ces3 "o ( ! *ief ( ^! rem$ies be+ ,proportional ,repres5tation1 on :i* sc>cely any ( ! ,cons]vatives gave me any support4 ,"s ,tory expectations appe> to h be5 f\nd$ on ! approbation ,i _h express$ ( plural vot+1 "u c]ta9 conditions3 & x has be5 surmis$ t ! sugge/ion ( ?is sort made 9 "o ( ! resolutions :i* ,mr4 ,disraeli introduc$ into ! ,h\se prep>atory to 8 ,re=m ,bill 7a sugge/ion :i* meet+ ) no fav\r1 he did n press71 may h be5 occasion$ by :at ,i _h writt5 on ! po9t3 b if s1 x 0 =gott5 t ,i _h made x an express condition t ! privilege ( a plurality ( votes %\ld be annex$ to education1 n to prop]ty1 & ev5 s1 _h approv$ ( x only on ! supposition ( univ]sal suffrage4 ,h[ utt]ly inadmissible su* plural vot+ w\ld be "u ! suffrage giv5 by ! pres5t ,re=m ,act1 is prov$1 to any :o c\ld o!rwise d\bt x1 by ! v small weight :i* ! work+ classes are f\nd to possess 9 elections1 ev5 "u ! law :i* gives no m votes to any "o elector ?an to any o!r4 ,:ile ,i ?us 0 f> m obnoxi\s to ! ,tory int]e/1 & to _m ,cons]vative ,lib]als ?an ,i _h =m]ly be51 ! c\rse ,i pursu$ 9 ,p>liam5t _h by no means be5 su* z to make ,lib]als g5]ally at all en?usia/ic 9 my support4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$1 h[ l>ge a proportion ( my prom95t appe>ances _h be5 on que/ions on :i* ,i diff]$ f mo/ ( ! ,lib]al p>ty1 or ab\t :i* !y c>$ little1 & h[ few occasions !re _h be5 on :i* ! l9e ,i took 0 su* z c\ld lead !m to atta* any great value to me z an organ ( _! op9ions4 ,i _h moreov] done ?+s :i* _h excit$1 9 _m m9ds1 a p]sonal prejudice aga9/ me4 ,_m 7 (f5d$ by :at !y call$ ! p]secution ( ,mr4 ,eyre3 & /ill great] (f5ce 0 tak5 at my s5d+ a subscription to ! election exp5ses ( ,mr4 ,bradlaugh4 ,hav+ refus$ to be at any exp5se = my own election1 & hav+ _h all its exp5ses defray$ by o!rs1 ,i felt "u a peculi> obligation to subscribe 9 my turn :]e funds 7 defici5t = c&idates ^: election 0 desirable4 ,i accord+ly s5t subscriptions to ne>ly all ! work+ class c&idates1 & among o!rs to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh4 ,he _h ! support ( ! work+ classes2 hav+ he>d him speak1 ,i knew him to be a man ( ability & he _h prov$ t he 0 ! rev]se ( a demagogue1 by plac+ himself 9 /rong opposition to ! prevail+ op9ion ( ! democratic p>ty on two su* important subjects z ,mal?usianism & ,p]sonal ,repres5tation4 ,m5 ( ?is sort1 :o1 :ile %>+ ! democratic feel+s ( ! work+ classes1 judg$ political que/ions = !mselves1 & _h c\rage to ass]t _! individual convictions aga9/ popul> opposition1 7 ne$$1 z x seem$ to me1 9 ,p>liam5t1 & ,i did n ?9k t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's anti-religi\s op9ions 7ev5 ?\gh he _h be5 intemp]ate 9 ! expression ( !m7 ought to exclude him4 ,9 subscrib+1 h[ev]1 to 8 election1 ,i did :at w\ld h be5 highly imprud5t if ,i _h be5 at lib]ty to consid] only ! int]e/s ( my own re-election2 &1 z might be expect$1 ! utmo/ possible use1 bo? fair & unfair1 0 made ( ?is act ( m9e to /ir up ! electors ( ,we/m9/] aga9/ me4 ,to ^! v>i\s causes1 comb9$ ) an unscrupul\s use ( ! usual pecuni>y & o!r influ5ces on ! side ( my ,tory competitor1 :ile none 7 us$ on my side1 x is to be ascrib$ t ,i fail$ at my second election aft] hav+ succe$$ at ! fir/4 ,no soon] 0 ! result ( ! election kn[n ?an ,i receiv$ ?ree or f\r invitations to become a c&idate = o!r con/itu5cies1 *iefly c\nties2 b ev5 if success c\ld h be5 expect$1 & ?is )\t exp5se1 ,i 0 n dispos$ to d5y myself ! relief ( return+ to private life4 ,i _h no cause to feel humiliat$ at my rejection by ! electors2 & if ,i _h1 ! feel+ w\ld h be5 f> outweigh$ by ! num]\s expressions ( regret :i* ,i receiv$ f all sorts ( p]sons & places1 & 9 a mo/ m>k$ degree f ^? memb]s ( ! lib]al p>ty 9 ,p>liam5t1 ) :om ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to act4 ,s9ce t "t little has occurr$ :i* !re is ne$ to commemorate 9 ?is place4 ,i return$ to my old pursuits & to ! enjoym5t ( a c\ntry life 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 alt]nat+ twice a ye> ) a resid5ce ( "s weeks or mon?s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london4 ,i h writt5 v>i\s articles 9 p]iodicals 7*iefly 9 my fri5d ,mr4 ,morley's ,=tnightly ,review71 h made a small numb] ( spee*es on public occasions1 especially at ! meet+s ( ! ,wom5's ,suffrage ,society1 h publi%$ ! ,subjection ( ,wom51 writt5 "s ye>s be=e1 ) "s additions by my daught] & myself1 & h comm5c$ ! prep>ation ( matt] = future books1 ( :i* x w be "t to speak m p>ticul>ly if ,i live to f9i% !m4 ,"h1 !re=e1 = ! pres5t1 ?is memoir may close4 ,,notes3 #a;,9 a subsequ5t /age ( boyhood1 :5 ^! ex]cises _h ceas$ to be compulsory1 l mo/ y\?ful writ]s ,i wrote trag$ies2 "u ! inspiration n s mu* ( ,%akspe>e z ( ,joanna ,baillie1 ^: ,con/ant9e ,paleologus 9 p>ticul> appe>$ to me "o ( ! mo/ glori\s ( human compositions4 ,i /ill ?9k x "o ( ! be/ dramas ( ! la/ two c5turies4 #b ,! cont9uation ( ?is article 9 ! second numb] ( ! ,review 0 writt5 by me "u my fa!r's eye1 & 7except z practice 9 composition1 9 :i* respect x 01 to me1 m useful ?an any?+ else ,i ev] wrote7 0 ( little or no value4 #c ,writt5 ab\t #ahfa4 #d ,! /eps 9 my m5tal gr[? = :i* ,i 0 indebt$ to h] 7 f> f be+ ^? :i* a p]son :olly un9=m$ on ! subject w\ld probably suspect4 ,x might be suppos$1 = in/ance1 t my /rong convictions on ! complete equality 9 all legal1 political1 social1 & dome/ic relations1 :i* ought to exi/ betwe5 m5 & wom51 may h be5 adopt$ or le>nt f h]4 ,?is 0 s f> f be+ ! fact1 t ^? convictions 7 among ! e>lie/ results ( ! application ( my m9d to political subjects1 & ! /r5g? ) :i* ,i held !m 01 z ,i believe1 m ?an any?+ else1 ! orig9at+ cause ( ! int]e/ %e felt 9 me4 ,:at is true is t1 until ,i knew h]1 ! op9ion 0 9 my m9d little m ?an an ab/ract pr9ciple4 ,i saw no m reason :y wom5 %\ld be held 9 legal subjection to o!r p1 ?an :y m5 %\ld4 ,i 0 c]ta9 t _! int]e/s requir$ fully z mu* protection z ^? ( m51 & 7 q z little likely to obta9 x )\t an equal voice 9 mak+ ! laws by :i* !y 7 b\nd4 ,b t p]ception ( ! va/ practical be>+s ( wom5's disabilities :i* f\nd expression 9 ! book on ! ,subjection ( ,wom5 0 acquir$ ma9ly ?r\gh h] tea*+4 ,b = h] r>e k ( human nature & compreh5sion ( moral & social influ5ces1 ?\gh ,i %\ld d\btless h held my pres5t op9ions1 ,i %\ld h _h a v insuffici5t p]ception ( ! mode 9 :i* ! consequ5ces ( ! inf]ior position ( wom5 int]tw9e !mselves ) all ! evils ( exi/+ society & ) all ! difficulties ( human improvem5t4 ,i am inde$ pa9fully consci\s ( h[ mu* ( h] be/ ?\ghts on ! subject ,i h fail$ to reproduce1 & h[ greatly t little treatise falls %ort ( :at x w\ld h be5 if %e _h put on pap] h] entire m9d on ?is "q1 or _h liv$ to revise & improve1 z %e c]ta9ly w\ld h done1 my imp]fect /atem5t ( ! case4 #e ,! only p]son f :om ,i receiv$ any direct assi/5ce 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,sy/em ( ,logic 0 ,mr4 ,ba91 s9ce s ju/ly celebrat$ = 8 philosophical writ+s4 ,he w5t c>efully ?r\gh ! manuscript be=e x 0 s5t to ! press1 & enri*$ x ) a great numb] ( additional examples & illu/rations f sci5ce2 _m ( :i*1 z well z "s deta*$ rem>ks ( 8 own 9 confirmation ( my logical views1 ,i ins]t$ ne>ly 9 8 own words4 #f ,a few d$icatory l9es ackn[l$g+ :at ! book ow$ to h]1 7 prefix$ to "s ( ! pres5tation copies ( ! ,political ,economy on iets fir/ publication4 ,h] dislike ( publicity alone prev5t$ _! ins]tion 9 ! o!r copies ( ! "w4 ,dur+ ! ye>s :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! comm5cem5t ( my m>ri$ life & ! cata/rophe :i* clos$ x1 ! pr9cipal occurr5ces ( my outw>d exi/5ce 7unless ,i c\nt z su* a fir/ attack ( ! family disease1 & a consequ5t j\rney ( m ?an six mon?s = ! recov]y ( heal?1 9 ,italy1 ,sicily1 & ,greece7 _h ref]5ce to my position 9 ! ,india ,h\se4 ,9 #ahef ,i 0 promot$ to ! rank ( *ief ( ! (fice 9 :i* ,i _h s]v$ = upw>ds ( ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,! appo9tm5t1 t ( ,exam9] ( ,india ,correspond5ce1 0 ! highe/1 next to t ( ,secret>y1 9 ! ,ea/ ,india ,company's home s]vice1 involv+ ! g5]al sup]9t5d5ce ( all ! correspond5ce ) ! ,indian ,gov]nm5ts1 except ! milit>y1 naval1 & f9ancial4 ,i held ?is (fice z long z x cont9u$ to exi/1 be+ a little m ?an two ye>s2 aft] :i* x pleas$ ,p>liam5t1 9 o!r words ,"l ,palm]/on1 to put an end to ! ,ea/ india ,company z a bran* ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,india "u ! ,cr[n1 & conv]t ! adm9i/ration ( t c\ntry into a ?+ to be scrambl$ = by ! second & ?ird class ( ,engli% p>liam5t>y politicians4 ,i 0 ! *ief manag] ( ! resi/ance :i* ! ,company made to _! own political ext9ction1 & to ! lett]s & petitions ,i wrote = !m1 & ! conclud+ *apt] ( my treatise on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t1 ,i mu/ ref] = my op9ions on ! folly & mis*ief ( ?is ill-consid]$ *ange4 ,p]sonally ,i consid]$ myself a ga9] by x1 z ,i _h giv5 en\gh ( my life to india1 & 0 n unwill+ to retire on ! lib]al comp5sation grant$4 ,aft] ! *ange 0 consummat$1 ,"l ,/anley1 ! fir/ ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india1 made me ! hon\rable (f] ( a seat 9 ! ,c\ncil1 & ! proposal 0 subsequ5tly r5ew$ by ! ,c\ncil itself1 on ! fir/ occasion ( its hav+ to supply a vacancy 9 its own body4 ,b ! conditions ( ,indian gov]nm5t "u ! new sy/em made me anticipate no?+ b useless vexation & wa/e ( ef=t f any p>ticipation 9 x3 & no?+ t has s9ce happ5$ has _h any t5d5cy to make me regret my refusal4 #g ,9 #ahfi4 #h,! say+ ( ?is true h]o1 aft] 8 capture1 t he 0 wor? m = hang+ ?an any o!r purpose1 rem9ds "o1 by its comb9ation ( wit1 wisdom1 & self-devotion1 ( ,sir ,?omas ,m4 #i ,! fir/ 0 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,l[e's reply to ,mr4 ,bright on ! ,cattle ,plague ,bill1 & 0 ?\ght at ! "t to h help$ to get rid ( a provision 9 ! ,gov]nm5t measure :i* w\ld h giv5 to l&hold]s a second indemnity1 aft] !y _h already be5 once indemnifi$ = ! loss ( "s ( _! cattle by ! increas$ sell+ price ( ! rema9d]4 #aj ,among ! mo/ active memb]s ( ! ,committee 7 ,mr4 ,p4,a4 ,taylor1 ,m4,p41 always fai?ful & en]getic 9 e ass]tion ( ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty2 ,mr4 ,goldw9 ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison1 ,mr4 ,slack1 ,mr4 ,*am]ovz[1 ,mr4 ,%a51 & ,mr4 ,*esson1 ! ,honor>y ,secret>y ( ! ,association4