,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! inconsi/5t spell+ ( ! orig9al has be5 pres]v$ 9 ?is etext4 ,,fre$om',s ,,battle ,,be+ ,a ,,compreh5sive ,,collection ,,( ,,writ+s ,,& ,,spee*es ,,on ,,! ,,pres5t ,,situation ,,by ,,mahatma ,,g&hi ,second ,edition #aibb ,! ,publi%]s express _! indebt$ness to ! ,editor & ,publi%] ( ! ,"y ,india = all[+ ! free use ( ! articles appe>$ 9 t j\rnal "u ! "n ( ,mahatma ,g&hi1 & also to ,mr4 ,c4 ,rajagopala*> = ! valuable introduction & help r5d]$ 9 br++ out ! book4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,introduction ,,ii4 ,,! ,,khilafat ,:y ,i h jo9$ ! ,khilafat ,movem5t ,! ,turki% ,treaty ,turki% ,peace ,t]ms ,! ,suz]a9ty ov] ,arabia ,fur!r ,que/ions ,answ]$ ,mr4 ,c&l]'s ,op5 ,lett] ,9 process ( keep+ ,appeal to ! ,vic]oy ,! ,premi]'s reply ,! ,muslim ,repres5tation ,criticism ( ! ,manife/o ,! ,mahom$an ,decision ,mr4 ,&rew's ,difficulty ,! ,khilafat ,agitation ,hij>at & its ,mean+ ,,iii4 ,,! ,,punjab ,,wrongs ,political ,freemasonry ,! ,duty ( ! ,punjabec ,g5]al ,dy] ,! ,punjab ,s5t5ces ,,iv4 ,,sw>aj ,sw>aj 9 "o ye> ,briti% ,rule an evil ,a movem5t ( purification ,:y 0 ,india lo/ ,sw>aj my ideal ,on ! wrong track ,! ,congress ,con/itution ,sw>aj 9 n9e mon?s ,! ,atta9m5t ( ,sw>aj ,v4 ,,h9du ,,moslem ,,unity ,! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans ,h9du ,mahom$an unity ,h9du ,muslim unity ,,vi4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,depress$ ,,classes ,depress$ ,classes ,amelioration ( ! depress$ classes ,! ,s9 ( ,unt\*ability ,,vii4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,indians ,,abroad ,indians abroad ,indians ov]seas ,p>iahs ( ! ,empire ,,viii4 ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,non-co-op]ation ,mr4 ,montagu on ! ,khilafat ,agitation ,at ! call ( ! c\ntry ,non-co-op]ation expla9$ ,religi\s ,au?ority = non-co-op]ation ,! inw>dness ( non-co-op]ation ,a mission>y on non-co-op]ation ,h[ to "w non-co-op]ation ,spee* at ,madras ,tri*9opoly ,calicut ,mangalore ,bexwada ,! ,congress ,:o is disloyal ,crusade aga9/ non-co-op]ation ,spee* at ,muxaf>bail ,ridicule replac+ ,repression ,! ,vic]egal pron\ncem5t ,f ,ridicule to--8 ,to e ,engli%man ,9 ,india ,"o /ep en\gh = me ,! ne$ = humility ,"s ,que/ions ,answ]$ ,pl$ges brok5 ,m ,objections answ]$ ,mr4 ,p5n+ton's ,objections ,answ]$ ,"s d\bts ,rejo9d] ,two ,engli%m5 ,reply ,lett] to ! ,vic]oy--,r5unciation ( ,m$als ,lett] to ,h4,r4,h4 ,! ,duke ( ,connaught ,! ,greate/ ?+ ,mahatma ,g&hi's ,/atem5t ,,ix4 ,,writt5 ,,/atem5t ,index ,i4 ,,introduction ,aft] ! great w> x is difficult1 to po9t out a s+le nation t is happy2 b ?is has come out ( ! w>1 t !re is n a s+le nation outside ,india1 t is n ei!r free or /riv+ to be free4 ,x is said t we1 too1 are on ! road to fre$om1 t x is bett] to be on ! c]ta9 ?\gh sl[ c\rse ( gradual unfoldm5t ( fre$om ?an to take ! tr\bl$ & dang]\s pa? ( revolution :e!r peaceful or viol5t1 & t ! new ,re=ms are a half-way h\se to fre$om4 ,! new con/itution grant$ to ,india keeps all ! milit>y =ces1 bo? 9 ! direction & 9 ! f9ancial control1 entirely outside ! scope ( responsibility to ! p ( ,india4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,x means t ! rev5ues ( ,india are sp5t away on :at ! nation does n want4 ,b aft] ! mid-,ea/]n complications & ! fre% ,asiatic additions to ,briti% ,imp]ial sph]es ( action4 ,?is ,indian milit>y s]vitude is a cle> dang] to national int]e/s4 ,! new con/itution gives no scope = retr5*m5t & !re=e no scope = measures ( social re=m except by fre% taxation1 ! heavy burd5 ( :i* on ! poor w outweigh all ! advantages ( any re=ms4 ,x ma9ta9s all ! exi/+ =eign s]vices1 & ! co/ ( ! adm9i/rative ma*9]y high z x already is1 is fur!r increas$4 ,! re=m$ con/itution keeps all ! fundam5tal lib]ties ( p]son1 prop]ty1 press1 & association completely "u bureaucratic control4 ,all ^? laws :i* give to ! irresponsible (fic]s ( ! ,executive ,gov]nm5t ( ,india absolute p[]s to ov]ride ! popul> w1 are /ill unrepeal$4 ,9 spite ( ! tragic price paid 9 ! ,punjab = demon/rat+ ! dang] ( unre/ra9$ p[] 9 ! h&s ( a =eign bureaucracy & ! inhumanity ( _s by :i* tyranny 9 a panic w seek to save itself1 we /& j :]e we 7 be=e1 at ! m]cy ( ! ,executive 9 respect ( all our fundam5tal lib]ties4 ,n only is ,despotism intact 9 ! ,law1 b unp>allel$ crimes & cruelties aga9/ ! p h be5 enc\rag$ & ev5 aft] boa/ful admissions & cle>e/ pro(s1 left unpuni%$4 ,! _s ( unrep5tant cruelty has ?us be5 all[$ to p]meate ! :ole adm9i/ration4 ,,! ,,mussalman ,,agony ,to und]/& our pres5t condition x is n en\gh to realise ! g5]al political s]vitude4 ,we %\ld add to x ! reality & ! ext5t ( ! injury inflict$ by ,brita9 on ,islam1 & !reby on ! ,mussalmans ( ,india4 ,! articles ( ,islamic fai? :i* x is necess>y to und]/& 9 ord] to realise :y ,mussalman ,india1 :i* 0 once s loyal is n[ s /rongly mov$ to ! contr>y are easily set out & und]/ood4 ,e religion %\ld be int]pret$ by ! pr(essors ( t religion4 ,! s5tim5ts & religi\s ideas ( ,muslims f\nd$ on ! traditions ( long g5]ations _c be alt]$ n[ by logic or cosmopolitanism1 z o!rs und]/& x4 ,su* an attempt is ! m unreasonable :5 x is made n ev5 z a bonafide & indep5d5t ef=t ( proselytis+ logic or reason1 b only to ju/ify a treaty ent]$ into = political & worldly purposes4 ,! ,khalifa is ! au?ority t is entru/$ ) ! duty ( def5d+ ,islam4 ,he is ! successor to ,muhammad & ! ag5t ( ,god on e>?4 ,accord+ to ,islamic tradition he mu/ possess suffici5t temporal p[] effectively to protect ,islam aga9/ non-,islamic p[]s & he %\ld be "o elect$ or accept$ by ! ,mussalman _w4 ,! ,jazirat-ul-,arab is ! area b\nd$ by ! ,r$ ,sea1 ! ,arabian ,sea1 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 & ! wat]s ( ! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates4 ,x is ! sacr$ ,home ( ,islam & ! c5tre t[>ds :i* ,islam ?r\gh\t ! _w turns 9 pray]4 ,accord+ to ! religi\s injunctions ( ! ,mussalmans1 ?is entire area %\ld always be "u ,muslim control1 its sci5tific bord] be+ believ$ to be a protection = ! integrity ( ,islamic life & fai?4 ,e ,mussalman ?r\gh\t ! _w is enjo9$ to sacrifice 8 all1 if necess>y1 = pres]v+ ! ,jazirat-ul-,arab "u complete ,muslim control4 ,! sacr$ places ( ,islam %\ld be 9 ! possession ( ! ,khalifa4 ,!y %\ld n m]ely be free = ! entry ( ! ,mussalmans ( ! _w by ! grace or ! lic5se ( non-,muslim p[]s1 b %\ld be ! possession & prop]ty ( ,islam 9 ! fulle/ degree4 ,x is a religions obligation1 on e ,mussalman to g =? & help ! ,khalifa 9 e possible way :]e 8 unaid$ ef=ts 9 ! def5ce ( ! ,khilifat h fail$4 ,! grievance ( ! ,indian ,mussalmans is t a gov]nm5t t pret5ds to protect & spread peace & happ9ess among !m has no "r to ignore or set aside ^! articles ( _! *]i%$ fai?4 ,accord+ to ! ,peace ,treaty impos$ on ! nom9al ,gov]nm5t at ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,khalifa f> f hav+ ! temporal au?ority or p[] ne$$ to protect ,islam1 is a prison] 9 8 own city4 ,he is to h no real fight+ =ce1 army or navy1 & ! f9ancial control ov] 8 own t]ritories is ve/$ 9 o!r ,gov]nm5ts4 ,8 capital is cut (f f ! re/ ( 8 possessions by an int]v5+ p]man5t milit>y occupation4 ,x is ne$less to say t "u ^! conditions he is absolutely incapable ( protect+ ,islam z ! ,mussulmans ( ! _w und]/& x4 ,! ,jazirat-ul-,arab is split up2 a great "p ( x giv5 to p[]ful non-,muslim ,p[]s1 ! remnant left ) petty *iefs dom9at$ all r\nd by non-,muslim ,gov]nm5ts4 ,! ,holy places ( ,islam are all tak5 out ( ! ,khalifa's k+dom1 "s left 9 ! possession ( m9or ,muslim *iefs ( ,arabia entirely dep5d5t on ,european control1 & "s relegat$ to newly-=m$ non-,muslim /ates4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,mussalman's free *oice ( a ,khalifa su* z ,islamic tradition def9es is made an unreality4 ,,! ,,h9du ,,dh>ma ,! age ( misund]/&+ & mutual w>f>e among religions is gone4 ,if ,india has a mission ( its own to ! _w1 x is to e/abli% ! unity & ! tru? ( all religions4 ,?is unity is e/abli%$ by mutual help & und]/&+ betwe5 ! v>i\s religions4 ,x has come z a r>e privilege to ! ,h9dus 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is mission ( ,india to /& up 9 def5ce ( ,islam aga9/ ! onslaught ( ! e>?-gre$ ( ! milit>y p[]s ( ! we/4 ,! ,dh>ma ( ,h9duism 9 ?is respect is plac$ beyond all d\bt by ! ,bhagavat ,gita4 ,^? :o are ! vot>ies ( o!r ,gods & wor%ip !m ) fai?--ev5 !y1 ,o ,kaunteya1 wor%ip me alone1 ?\gh n z ! ,%a/ra requires--,,ix1 #bc4 ,:oev] be+ devot$ wi%es 9 p]fect fai? to wor%ip a p>ticul> =m1 ( su* a "o ,i ma9ta9 ! same fai? un%ak51--,,vii #ba4 ,h9duism w realise its fulle/ beauty :5 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is c>d9al t5et1 its foll[]s (f] !mselves z sacrifice = ! protection ( ! fai? ( _! bro!rs1 ! ,mussalmans4 ,if ,h9dus & ,mussalmans atta9 ! height ( c\rage & sacrifice t is ne$$ = ?is battle on behalf ( ,islam aga9/ ! gre$ ( ! ,we/1 a victory w be won n alone = ,islam1 b = ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,milit>ism has robb$ ! crucifi$ ,god ( 8 "n & 8 v cross & ! ,_w has be5 mi/ak+ x to be ,*ri/ianity4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,islam is won1 ,islam & ,h9duism toge!r c emancipate ,*ri/ianity itself f ! lu/ = p[] & weal? :i* h /rangl$ x n[ & ! true ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,gospels w be e/abli%$4 ,?is battle ( non-coop]ation ) its suff]+ & peaceful )drawal ( s]vice w once = all e/abli% its sup]iority ov] ! p[] ( brute =ce & unlimit$ slaught]4 ,:at a glori\s privilege x is to play our "p 9 ?is hi/ory ( ! _w1 :5 ,h9duism & ,*ri/ianity w unite on behalf ( ,islam1 & 9 t /rife ( mutual love & support ea* religion w atta9 its own true/ %ape & beauty4 ,,an ,,endur+ ,,treaty ,sw>aj = ,india has two great problems1 "o int]nal & ! o!r ext]nal4 ,h[ c ,h9dus & ,mussalmans s diff]5t f ea* o!r =m a /rong & unit$ nation gov]n+ !mselves peacefully8 ,?is 0 ! "q = ye>s1 & no "o c\ld believe t ! two communities c\ld suff] = ea* o!r till ! miracle 0 actually work$4 ,! ,khilafat has solv$ ! problem4 ,by ! magic ( suff]+1 ea* has truly t\*$ & captur$ ! o!r's he>t1 & ! ,nation n[ is /rong & unit$4 ,n int]nal /r5g? & unity alone has ! ,khilafat br\ght to ,india4 ,! great block 9 ! way ( ,indian aspiration = full fre$om 0 ! problem ( ext]nal def5ce4 ,h[ is ,india1 left to h]self def5d h] fronti]s aga9/ h] ,mussalman neighb\rs8 ,none b emasculat$ nations w\ld accept su* difficulties & responsibilities z an answ] to ! dem& = fre$om4 ,x is only a p ^: m5tality has be5 p]v]t$ t c soo! itself ) ! dom9ation by "o race f a di/ant c\ntry1 z a prev5tative aga9/ ! aggression ( ano!r1 a p]man5t & natural neighb\r4 ,in/ead ( develop+ /r5g? to protect ourselves aga9/ ^? ne> :om we are p]man5tly plac$1 a feel+ ( incurable impot5ce has be5 g5]at$4 ,two /rong & brave nations c live side by side1 /r5g!n+ ea* o!r ?r\gh en=c+ con/ant vigilance1 & ma9ta9 9 full vig\r ea* its own national /r5g?1 unity1 patriotism & res\rces4 ,if a nation wi%es to be respect$ by its neighb\rs x has to develop & ent] into hon\rable treaties4 ,^! are ! only natural conditions ( national lib]ty2 b n a surr5d] to di/ant milit>y p[]s to save oneself f "o's neighb\rs4 ,! ,khilafat has solv$ ! problem ( di/ru/ ( ,asiatic neighb\rs out ( our future4 ,! ,indian /ruggle = ! fre$om ( ,islam has br\ght ab\t a m la/+ ent5te & a m b9d+ treaty betwe5 ! p ( ,india & ! p ( ! ,mussalman /ates ar\nd x ?an all ! ent5tes & treaties among ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe4 ,no w>s ( aggression are possible :]e ! common p on ! two sides h become grateful fri5ds4 ,! fai? ( ! ,mussulman is a bett] sanction ?an ! seal ( ! ,european ,diplomats & pl5ipot5ti>ies4 ,n only has ?is great fri5d%ip betwe5 ,india & ! ,mussulman ,/ates ar\nd x remov$ = all "t ! fe> ( ,mussulman aggression f outside1 b x has erect$ r\nd ,india1 a solid wall ( def5ce aga9/ all aggression f beyond aga9/ all gre$ f ,europe1 ,russia or else:]e4 ,no secret diplomacy c\ld e/abli% a bett] ent5te or a /rong] f$]ation ?an :at ?is op5 & non-gov]nm5tal treaty betwe5 ,islam & ,india has e/abli%$4 ,! ,indian support ( ! ,khilafat has1 z if by a magic w&1 conv]t$ :at ,0 once ! ,pan-,islamic t]ror = ,europe into a solid wall ( fri5d%ip & def5ce = ,india4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,connection ,e nation l e individual is born free4 ,absolute fre$om is ! bir?right ( e p4 ,! only limitations are ^? :i* a p may place ov] !mselves4 ,! ,briti% connection is invaluable z long z x is a def5ce aga9/ any worse connection s\ght to be impos$ by viol5ce4 ,b x is only a means to an end1 n a m&ate ( ,provid5ce ( ,nature4 ,! alliance ( neighb\rs1 born ( suff]+ = ea* o!r's sake1 = ends t purify ^? t suff]1 is necess>ily a m natural & m endur+ bond ?an "o t has result$ f pure gre$ on ! "o side & weakness on ! o!r4 ,:]e su* a natural & endur+ alliance has be5 accompli%$ among ,asiatic peoples & n only betwe5 ! respective gov]nm5ts1 x may truly be felt to be m valuable ?an ! ,briti% connection itself1 aft] t connection has d5i$ fre$om or equality1 & ev5 ju/ice4 ,,! ,,alt]native ,is viol5ce or total surr5d] ! only *oice op5 to any p to :om ,fre$om or ,ju/ice is d5i$8 ,viol5ce at a "t :5 ! :ole _w has le>nt f bitt] exp]i5ce ! futility ( viol5ce is unwor?y ( a c\ntry ^: anci5t p's privilege1 x 01 to see ?is tru? long ago4 ,viol5ce may rid a nation ( its =eign ma/]s b w only enslave x f inside4 ,no nation c really be free :i* is at ! m]cy ( its army & its milit>y h]oes4 ,if a p rely = fre$om on its soldi]s1 ! soldi]s w rule ! c\ntry1 n ! p4 ,till ! rec5t awak5+ ( ! work]s ( ,europe1 ?is 0 ! only fre$om :i* ! p[]s ( ,europe really enjoy$4 ,true fre$om c exi/ only :5 ^? :o produce1 n ^? :o de/roy or "k only to live on o!r's lab\r1 are ! ma/]s4 ,ev5 7 viol5ce ! true road to fre$om1 is viol5ce possible to a nation :i* has be5 emasculat$ & depriv$ ( all weapons1 & ! :ole _w is hopelessly 9 advance ( all our possibilities 9 ! manufacture & ! wield+ ( weapons ( de/ruction4 ,submission or )drawal ( co-op]ation is ! real & only alt]native be=e ,india4 ,submission to inju/ice puts on ! tempt+ g>b ( peace &1 gradual progress1 b !re is no sur] way to dea? ?an submission to wrong4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,upaya ,our anci5ts classifi$ ! arts ( conque/ into f\r well-kn[n ,upayas4 ,sama1 ,dana1 ,uh$a1 & ,d&a4 ,a fif? ,upuya 0 recognis$ sometimes by our anci5ts1 :i* !y call$ ,upe%ka4 ,x is ?is ,pun*amopaya t is plac$ by ,mahatma ,g&hi be=e ! p ( ,india 9 ! =m ( ,non-coop]ation z an alt]native1 besides viol5ce1 to surr5d]4 ,:]e 9 any case negotiations h fail$ & ! enemy is nei!r corruptible nor incapable ( be+ divid$1 & a resort to viol5ce has fail$ or w\ld c]ta9ly be futile ! me?od ( ,upe%ka rema9s to be appli$ to ! case4 ,inde$1 :5 ! v exi/5ce ( ! p[] we seek to defeat really dep5ds on our cont9u\s co-op]ation ) x1 & :]e our ,upeskha its v life1 our ,upeskha or non-co-op]ation is ! mo/ natural & mo/ effective exp$i5t t we c employ to b5d x to our w4 ,no ,engli%man believes t 8 nation c rule or keep ,india = a day unless ! p ( ,india actively co-op]ate to ma9ta9 t rule4 ,:e!r ! co-op]ation be giv5 will+ly or ?r\gh ignorance1 cupidity1 habit or fe>1 ! )drawal ( t co-op]ation means impossibility ( =eign rule 9 ,india4 ,"s ( u may n realise ?is1 b ^? :o gov]n u h long ago kn[n & are n[ ke5ly alive to ?is tru?4 ,! active assi/ance ( ! p ( ?is c\ntry 9 ! supply ( ! money1 m51 & k ( ! languages1 cu/oms & laws ( ! l&1 is ! ma9-spr+ ( ! cont9u\s life ( ! =eign adm9i/ration4 ,inde$ ! circum/ances ( ,briti% rule 9 ?is c\ntry are su* t b = a d\ble supply ( co-op]ation on ! "p ( ! gov]n$1 x mu/ h brok5 d[n long ago4 ,any sy/em ( race dom9ation is unnatural1 & c be kept up only by active co]cion ?r\gh a =eign-recruit$ public1 s]vice inve/$ ) l>ge p[]s1 h[ev] mu* x may be help$ by ! p]v]sion ( m5tality %ap+ ! education ( ! y\? ( ! c\ntry4 ,! =eign recruit$ s]vice mu/ necess>ily be v highly paid4 ,?is creates a wrong /&>d = ! ,indian recruit$ (ficials also4 ,milit>y exp5diture has to cov] n only ! ne$s ( def5ce aga9/ =eign aggression1 b also ! possibilities ( int]nal unre/ & rebellion4 ,police *>ges h to g beyond ! prev5tion & deletion ( ord9>y crime1 = ?\gh ?is w\ld be ! only exp5diture ov] ! police ( a self-gov]n+ p :]e any nation gov]ns ano!r1 a l>ge *apt] ( artificial crime has to be add$ to ! p5al code1 & ! "w ( ! police ext5d$ accord+ly4 ,! milit>y & public organisations mu/ also be su* z n only to result 9 outside effici5cy1 b also at ! same "t gu>antee int]nal impot5cy4 ,?is is to be a*iev$ by ! adju/m5t & c>eful admixture ( (fic]s & units f diff]5t races4 ,all ?is c be & is ma9ta9$ only by extra co/ & extra-active co-op]ation on ! "p ( ! p4 ,! slighte/ )drawal ( assi/ance mu/ put su* ma*9]y out ( ge>4 ,?is is ! basis ( ! programme ( progressive non viol5t non-co-op]ation t has be5 adopt$ by ! ,national ,congress4 ,,"s ,,objections ,! p[]ful "* ( ! measure1 h[ev]1 leads "s to object to non-co-op]ation because ( t v reason4 ,/rik+ z x does at ! v root ( ,gov]nm5t 9 ,india1 !y fe> t non-co-op]ation mu/ lead to an>*y1 & t ! rem$y is worse ?an ! disease4 ,?is is an objection aris+ out ( insuffici5t all[ance = human nature4 ,x is assum$ t ! ,briti% p w all[ _! connection ) ,india to cease r ?an rem$y ! wrongs = :i* we seek ju/ice4 ,if ?is assumption be correct1 no d\bt x mu/ lead to sep>ation & possibly also an>*y = a "t4 ,if ! op]atives 9 a factory h grievances1 negotiations hav+ fail$1 a /rike w\ld on a simil> argum5t be nev] admissible4 ,unyield+ ob/9acy be+ presum$1 x mu/ end 9 ! clos+ d[n ( ! factory & break up ( ! m54 ,b if 9 n9ety-n9e out ( a hundr$ cases x is n ! case t /rikes end 9 ?is mann]1 x is m unlikely t1 in/ead ( right+ ! manife/ wrongs t ,india compla9s ab\t1 ! ,briti% p w value _! ,indian ,dom9ion s l[ z to pref] to all[ u to non-co-op]ate up to ! po9t ( sep>ation4 ,x w\ld be a totally false read+ ( ,briti% "* & ,briti% hi/ory4 ,b if su* wick$ ob/9acy be ultimately %[n by a gov]nm5t1 f> be x f u to pref] peace at ! price ( abject surr5d] to wrong4 ,!re is no an>*y great] ?an ! moral an>*y ( surr5d] to unrep5tant wrong4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 be c]ta9 t if we %[ ! /r5g? & unity necess>y = non-co-op]ation1 long be=e we progress ) x f>1 we %all h develop$ true ord] & true self-gov]nm5t :]e9 !re is no place = an>*y4 ,ano!r fe> sometimes express$ t1 if non-co-op]ation 7 to succe$1 ! ,briti% w\ld h to g1 leav+ u unable to def5d ourselves aga9/ =eign aggression4 ,if we h ! self-respect1 ! patriotism1 ! t5aci\s purpose1 & ! p[] ( organisation t are necess>y to drive ! ,briti% out f _! entr5*$ position1 no less] =eign p[] w d>e aft] t1 und]take ! futile task ( conqu]+ or enslav+ u4 ,x is sometimes said t non-co-op]ation is negative & de/ructive ( ! advantages :i* a /able gov]nm5t has conf]r$ on u4 ,t non-co-op]ation is negative is m]ely a half-tru?4 ,non-co-op]ation ) ! gov]nm5t means great] co-op]ation among ourselves1 great] mutual dep5d5ce among ! _m diff]5t ca/es & classes ( our c\ntry4 ,non-co-op]ation is n m]e negation4 ,x w lead to ! recov]y ( ! lo/ art ( co-op]ation among ourselves4 ,long dep5d5ce on an outside gov]nm5t :i* by its int]f]5ce suppress$ or prev5t$ ! consequ5ces ( our diff]5ces has made u =get ! duty ( mutual tru/ & ! art ( fri5dly adju/m5t4 ,hav+ all[$ ,gov]nm5t to d ev]y?+ = u1 we h gradually become incapable ( do+ any?+ = ourselves4 ,ev5 if we _h no grievance aga9/ ?is ,gov]nm5t1 non-co-op]ation ) x = a "t w\ld be desirable s f> z x w\ld p]=ce lead u to tru/+ & work+ ) "o ano!r & !reby /r5g!n ! bonds ( national unity4 ,! mo/ tragic consequ5ce ( dep5d5ce on ! complex ma*9]y ( a =eign gov]nm5t is ! atrophy ( ! communal s5se4 ,! direct t\* ) adm9i/rative cause & effect is lo/4 ,an outside protector p]=ms all ! necess>y functions ( ! community 9 a my/]i\s mann]1 & communal duties are n realis$ by ! p4 ,! "o reason address$ by ^? :o d5y to u ! capacity = self-rule is ! insuffici5t appreciation by ! p ( communal duties & discipl9e4 ,x is only by actually refra9+ = a "t f dep5d5ce on ,gov]nm5t t we c rega9 self-reliance1 le>n fir/-h& ! value ( communal duties & build up true national co-op]ation4 ,non-co-op]ation is a practical & positive tra9+ 9 ,swadh>ma1 & ,swadh>ma alone c lead up to ,sw>aj4 ,! negative is ! be/ & mo/ impressive me?od ( en=c+ ! value ( ! positive4 ,few outside gov]nm5t circles realise 9 ! pres5t police any?+ b tyranny & corruption4 ,b if ! units ( ! pres5t police 7 )drawn we w\ld soon p]=ce set ab\t organis+ a sub/itute1 & mo/ p w\ld realise ! true social value ( a police =ce4 ,few realise 9 ! pres5t taxes any?+ b co]cion & wa/e1 b mo/ p w\ld soon see t a %>e ( e man's income is due = common purposes & t !re are _m limitations to ! economical managem5t ( public in/itutions2 we w\ld beg9 once aga9 to contribute directly1 build up & ma9ta9 national in/itutions 9 ! place ( ^? t n[ my/]i\sly spr+ up & live "u ,gov]nm5t ord]s4 ,,emancipation ,fre$om is a priceless ?+4 ,b x is a /able possession only :5 x is acquir$ by a nation's /r5u\s ef=t4 ,:at is n by *ance or outw>d circum/ance1 or giv5 by ! g5]\s impulse ( a tyrant pr9ce or p is n a reality4 ,a nation w truly enjoy fre$om only :5 9 ! process ( w9n+ or def5d+ its fre$om1 x has be5 purifi$ & consolidat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 until lib]ty has become a "p ( its v s\l4 ,o!rwise x w\ld be b a *ange ( ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 :i* might please ! fancy ( politicians1 or satisfy ! classes 9 p[]1 b c\ld nev] emancipate a p4 ,an ,act ( ,p>liam5t c nev] create citiz5s 9 ,h9du/an4 ,! /r5g?1 _s1 & happ9ess ( a p :o h f\ght & won _! lib]ty _c be got by ,re=m ,acts4 ,ef=t & sacrifice are ! necess>y conditions ( real /able emancipation4 ,lib]ty unacquir$1 m]ely f\nd1 w on ! te/ fail l ! ,dead-,sea-apple or ! magician's pl5ty4 ,! w> t ! p ( ,india h decl>$ & :i* w purify & consolidate ,india1 & =ge = h] a true & /able lib]ty is a w> ) ! late/ & mo/ effective weapon4 ,9 ?is w>1 :at has hi!rto be5 9 ! _w an undesirable b necess>y incid5t 9 fre$om's battles1 ! kill+ ( innoc5t m51 has be5 elim9at$2 & t :i* is ! true ess5tial = =g+ lib]ty1 ! self-purification & self-/r5g!n+ ( m5 & wom5 has be5 kept pure & unalloy$4 ,x is = m51 wom5 & y\?1 e "o ( !m t lives 9 & loves ,india1 to d 8 bit 9 ?is battle1 n wait+ = o!rs1 n calculat+ ! *ances ( 8 surviv+ ! battle to enjoy ! fruits ( 8 sacrifice4 ,soldi]s 9 ! old-_w w>s did n insure _! lives be=e go+ to ! front4 ,! privilege ( y\? 9 special is = c\ntry's sake to ex]cise _! comp>ative fre$om & give up ! ye>n+ = lives & c>e]s built on ! slav]y ( ! p4 ,t on :i* a =eign gov]nm5t truly re/s :atev] may be ! illusions on _! or our "p is n ! /r5g? ( its arm$ =ces1 b our own co-op]ation4 ,actual s]vice on ! "p ( "o g5]ation1 & educational prep>ation = future s]vice on ! "p ( ! next g5]ation are ! two ma9 bran*es ( ?is co-op]ation ( slaves 9 ! p]petuation ( slav]y4 ,! boycott ( gov]nm5t s]vice & ! law-c\rts is aim$ at ! fir/1 ! boycott ( gov]nm5t controll$ s*ools is to /op ! second4 ,if ei!r ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! two bran*es ( co-op]ation is )drawn 9 suffici5t measure1 !re w be an automatic & p]fectly peaceful *ange f slav]y to lib]ty4 ,! beat prep>ation = any "o :o desires to take "p 9 ! great battle n[ go+ on is a sil5t /udy ( ! writ+s & spee*es collect$ h]e91 & propos$ to be complet$ 9 a supplem5t>y volume to be soon issu$4 ,c4 ,,rajagopala*> ,,ii4 ,,! ,,khilafat ,,:y ,i ,,h ,,jo9$ ,,! ,,khilafat ,,movem5t ,an e/eem$ ,s\? ,african fri5d :o is at pres5t liv+ 9 ,engl& has writt5 to me a lett] f :i* ,i make ! foll[+ exc]pts3-- ,y w d\btless rememb] hav+ met me 9 ,s\? ,africa at ! "t :5 ! ,rev4 ,j4,j4 ,doke 0 assi/+ y 9 y\r campaign !re & ,i subsequ5tly return$ to ,engl& deeply impress$ ) ! rightness ( y\r attitude 9 t c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! mon?s be=e w> ,i wrote & lectur$ & spoke on y\r behalf 9 sev]al places :i* ,i d n regret4 ,s9ce return+ f milit>y s]vice1 h[ev]1 ,i h notic$ f ! pap]s t y appe> to be adopt+ a m militant attitude444 ,i notice a report 9 ,! ,times t y are assi/+ & c\nt5anc+ a union betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ,moslems ) a view ( emb>rass+ ,engl& & ! ,alli$ ,p[]s 9 ! matt] ( ! dismemb]m5t ( ! ,ottoman ,empire or ! ejection ( ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t f ,con/ant9ople4 ,kn[+ z ,i d y\r s5se ( ju/ice & y\r humane in/9cts ,i feel t ,i am entitl$1 9 view ( ! humble "p t ,i h tak5 to promote y\r int]e/s on ?is side1 to ask y :e!r ?is latt] report is correct4 ,i _c believe t y h wrongly c\nt5anc$ a movem5t to place ! cruel & unju/ despotism ( ! ,/amb\l ,gov]nm5t above ! int]e/s ( humanity1 = if any c\ntry has crippl$ ^! int]e/s 9 ! ,ea/ x has surely be5 ,turkey4 ,i am p]sonally famili> ) ! conditions 9 ,syria & ,arm5ia & ,i c only suppose t if ! report1 :i* ,! ,times has publi%$ is correct1 y h ?r[n to "o side1 y\r moral responsibilities & alli$ y\rself ) "o ( ! prevail+ an>*ies4 ,h[ev]1 until ,i he> t ?is is n y\r attitude ,i _c prejudice my m9d4 ,p]haps y w d me ! fav\r ( s5d+ me a reply4 ,i h s5t a reply to ! writ]4 ,b z ! views express$ 9 ! quotation are likely to be %>$ by _m ( my ,engli% fri5ds & z ,i d n wi%1 if ,i c possibly help x1 to =feit _! fri5d%ip or _! e/eem ,i %all endeav\r to /ate my position z cle>ly z ,i c on ! ,khilafat "q4 ,! lett] %[s :at risk public m5 run ?r\gh irresponsible j\rnalism4 ,i h n se5 ,! ,times report1 ref]r$ to by my fri5d4 ,b x is evid5t t ! report has made ! writ] to suspect my alliance ) ! prevail+ an>*ies & to ?9k t ,i h ?r[n to "o side my moral responsibilities4 ,x is j my s5se ( moral responsibilities :i* has made me take up ! ,khilafat "q & to id5tify myself entirely ) ! ,mahom$ans4 ,x is p]fectly true t ,i am assi/+ & c\nt5anc+ ! union betwe5 ,h9dus & ,muslims1 b c]ta9ly n ) a view ( emb>rass+ ,engl& & ! ,alli$ ,p[]s 9 ! matt] ( ! dismemb]m5t ( ! ,ottoman ,empire1 x is contr>y to my cre$ to emb>rass gov]nm5ts or anybody else4 ,?is does n h[ ev] mean t c]ta9 acts ( m9e may n result 9 emb>rassm5t4 ,b ,i %\ld n hold myself responsible = hav+ caus$ emb>rassm5t :5 ,i resi/ ! wrong ( a wrong-do] by refus+ assi/ance 9 8 wrong-do+4 ,on ! ,khilafat "q ,i refuse to be p>ty to a brok5 pl$ge4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's solemn decl>ation is practically ! :ole ( ! case = ,indian ,mahom$ans & :5 t case is =tifi$ by scriptural au?ority x becomes unansw]able4 ,moreov]1 x is incorrect to say t ,i h alli$ myself to "o ( ! prevail+ an>*ies or t ,i h wrongly c\nt5anc$ ! movem5t to place ! cruel & unju/ despotism ( ! ,/amb\l ,gov]nm5t above ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,9 ! :ole ( ! ,mahom$an dem& !re is no insi/ance on ! ret5tion ( ! s-call$ unju/ despotism ( ! ,/amb\l ,gov]nm5t2 on ! contr>y ! ,mahom$ans h accept$ ! pr9ciple ( tak+ full gu>antees f t ,gov]nm5t = ! protection ( non-,muslim m9orities4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ! condition ( ,arm5ia & ,syria may be consid]$ an 'an>*y' & h[ f> ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t may be held responsible = x4 ,i mu* suspect t ! reports f ^! qu>t]s are mu* exagg]at$ & t ! ,european p[]s are !mselves 9 a measure responsible = :at misrule !re may be 9 ,arm5ia & ,syria4 ,b ,i am 9 no way int]e/$ 9 support+ ,turki% or any o!r an>*y4 ,! ,alli$ ,p[]s c easily prev5t x by means o!r ?an t ( end+ ,turki% rule or dismemb]+ & weak5+ ! ,ottoman ,empire4 ,! ,alli$ ,p[]s are n deal+ ) a new situation4 ,if ,turkey 0 to be p>tition$1 ! position %\ld h be5 made cle> at ! comm5cem5t ( ! w>4 ,!re w\ld !n h be5 no "q ( a brok5 pl$ge4 ,z x is1 no ,indian ,mahom$an has any reg>d = ! promises ( ,briti% ,m9i/]s4 ,9 8 op9ion1 ! cry aga9/ ,turkey is t ( ,*ri/ianity vs4 ,islam ) ,engl& z ! l\d] 9 ! cry4 ,! late/ cablegram f ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali /r5g!ns ! impression1 = he says t unlike z 9 ,engl& 8 deputation is receiv+ mu* support f ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t & ! p4 ,?us1 if x is true1 z ,i hold x is true t ! ,indian ,mussalmans h a cause t is j & is support$ by scriptural au?ority1 !n = ! ,h9dus n to support !m to ! utmo/ w\ld be a c[>dly brea* ( bro!rhood & !y w\ld =feit all claim to consid]ation f _! ,mahom$an c\ntrym54 ,z a public-s]v] !re=e1 ,i w\ld be unwor?y ( ! position ,i claim1 if ,i did n support ,indian ,mussalmans 9 _! /ruggle to ma9ta9 ! ,khilafat 9 accordance ) _! religi\s belief4 ,i believe t 9 support+ !m ,i am r5d]+ a s]vice to ! ,empire1 because by assi/+ my ,mahom$an c\ntrym5 to give a discipl9$ expression to _! s5tim5t x becomes possible to make ! agitation ?or\ghly1 ord]ly & ev5 successful4 ,,! ,,turki% ,,treaty ,! ,turki% treaty w be out on ! #aj? ( ,may4 ,x is /at$ to provide = ! int]nationalisation ( ! ,/raits1 ! occupation ( ,gallipoli by ! ,allies1 ! ma9t5ance ( ,alli$ cont+5ts 9 ,con/ant9ople & ! appo9tm5t ( a ,commission ( ,control ov] ,turki% f9ances4 ,! ,san ,remo ,conf]5ce has entru/$ ,brita9 ) ,m&ates = ,mesopotamia & ,pale/9e & ,france ) ! ,m&ate = ,syria4 ,z reg>ds ,smyrna ! acc\nts s f> receiv$ in=m t ,turki% suz]a9ty ov] ,smyrna w be indicat$ by ! fact t ! population w n be entitl$ to s5d delegates to ! ,greek ,p>liam5t b at ! end ( five ye>s local ,smyrna ,p>liam5t w h ! "r ( vot+ 9 fav\r ( union ) ,greece & 9 su* an ev5t ,turki% suz]a9ty w cease4 ,turki% suz]a9ty w be conf9$ to ! area )9 ! ,*atalja l9es4 ,) reg>d to ,emir ,foisul's position !re is no news except t ! ,m&ates ( ,brita9 & ,france trans=m 8 milit>y title into a civil title4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h giv5 above ! t]ms ( ! ,turki% treaty z indicat$ 9 ,r\t]'s messages4 ,^! reports are incomplete & all ( !m are n equally au!nticat$4 ,b if ^! t]ms are true1 !y are a *all5ge to ! ,muslim dem&s4 ,turki% ,sov]eignty is conf9$ to ! ,*atalja l9es4 ,?is means t ! ,big ,?ree ( ! ,supreme ,c\ncil h cut (f ,?race f ,turki% dom9ions4 ,?is is a di/9ct brea* ( ! pl$ge giv5 by "o ( ^! ,?ree1 viz41 ! ,premi] ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,to rema9 )9 ! ,*atalja l9es &1 we are afraid1 z a dep5d5t ( ! ,allies1 is = ! ,sultan a humiliat+ position inconsi/5t ) ! ,koranic injunctions4 ,su* a re/rict$ position ( ! ,turks is virtually a success ( ! bag & baggage s*ool4 ,x is n yet kn[n h[ ! ,supreme ,c\ncil dispos$ ( ! ri* & r5[n$ l&s ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,if ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's views rec5tly express$ 9 ?is respect h receiv$ ! ,allies' sanction--x is probable--no?+ less ?an a common control is expect$4 ,! decision 9 ! case ( ,smyrna w be satisfy+ to none1 ?\gh ! ,allies seem to h made by _! arrangem5t a skillful attempt to please all ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george1 9 8 reply to ! ,khilafat ,deputation1 _h talk$ ab\t ! c>eful inve/igations by an imp>tial committee & _h add$2 ,! great majority ( ! population und\bt$ly pref] ,greek rule to ,turki% rule1 s ,i und]/& ,b ! decision po/pones to c>ry out 8 und]/&+ till a p]iod ( five ye>s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 we come to ! "q ( m&ates1 ! ,alli$ ,p[]s' motives come out m di/9ctly4 ,! ,arabs' claim ( indep5d5ce 0 us$ z a difficulty aga9/ keep+ ,turki% ,sov]eignty4 ,?is 0 def5d$ 9 ! ( self-det]m9ation & by po9t+ out p>allels ( ,transylvania & o!r prov9ces4 ,:5 ! f9al mom5t came1 ! ,allies h v5tur$ to divide ! spoils among/ !mselves4 ,brita9 is giv5 ! m&ate ov] ,mesopotamia & ,pale/9e & ,france has ! m&ate ov] ,syria4 ,! ,arab delegation compla9s 9 _! note lately issu$ express+ _! disappo9tm5t at ! ,supreme ,c\ncil's decision ) reg>d to ! ,arab lib]at$ c\ntries1 :i*1 x decl>es1 is contr>y to ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s :at little news has arriv$ ab\t ! ,turki% treaty1 is uni=mly disquiet+4 ,! ,moslems h f\nd suffici5t gr\nd to hon\r ,russia1 m ?an ! ,allies4 ,russia has recognis$ ! fre$om ( ,khiva & ,bokh>a4 ,! ,moslem _w1 z ,h4 ,m4 ! ,amir ( ,afghani/an said 9 8 spee*1 w feel grateful t[>ds ,russia 9 spite ( all ! rum\rs abroad ab\t its an>*y & disord]1 :]eas ! :ole ,moslem _w w res5t ! action ( ! o!r ,european nations :o h alli$ ) ea* o!r to c>ry out a jo9t co]cion & ext9ction ( ,turkey 9 ! "n ( self-det]m9ation & p>tly 9 ! guise ( ! int]e/ ( civilization4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! t]ms ( ! ,turki% treaty are n only a brea* ( ! ,premi]'s pl$ge1 n only a s9 aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation1 b !y also %[ a reckless indiff]5ce ( ! ,alli$ ,p[]s t[>ds ! ,koranic injunctions4 ,! t]ms po9t out t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's mis9=m$ ideas ( ,khilafat h prevail$ 9 ! ,c\ncil4 ,l ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george o!r /atesm5 also at ,san ,remo h comp>$ ,caliphate ) ,pop$om & ignor$ ! ,koronic idea ( associat+ spiritual p[] ) temporal p[]4 ,^! misguid$ /atesm5 7 too mu* possess$ by haught9ess & s !y refus$ to receive any enlight5m5t on ! "q ( ,khilafat f ! ,deputation4 ,!y c\ld h correct$ !mselves _h !y he>d ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali on ?is po9t4 ,speak+ at ! ,essex ,hall meet+ ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali di/+ui%$ betwe5 ,pop$om & ,caliphate & cle>ly expla9$ :at ,caliphate means4 ,he said3 ,islam is sup]national & n national1 ! basis ( ,islamic sympa?y is a common outlook on life & common culture4444 ,& x has two c5tres4 ,! p]sonal c5tre is ! isl& ( ,arabia4 ,! ,khalifa is ! ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful & 8 ord]s mu/ be obey$ by all ,muslims s long & s long only1 z !y are n at v>iance ) ! ,comm&m5ts ( ,god & ! ,traditions ( ! ,prophet4 ,b s9ce !re is no lac]at+ di/9ction betwe5 ?+s temporal & ?+s spiritual1 ! ,khalifa is some?+ m ?an a ,pope & _c be ,vaticanis$4 ,b he is also less ?an a ,pope = he is n infallible4 ,if he p]si/s 9 un-,islamic conduct we c depose him4 ,& we h depos$ him m ?an once4 ,b s long z he ord]s only t :i* ,islam dem&s we mu/ support him4 ,he & no o!r rul] is ! ,def5d] ( our fai?4 ,^! few words c\ld h remov$ ! mis-und]tak+s root$ 9 ! m9ds ( ^? t at ,san ,remo1 if !y 7 9 e>ne/ = a j solution4 ,b ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's deputation 0 n giv5 any he>+ by ! ,peace ,conf]5ce4 ,!y 7 told t ! ,peace ,conf]5ce _h already he>d ! (ficial delegation ( ,india on ?is "q4 ,b ! wrong notions ! ,allies /ill ent]ta9 ab\t ,caliphate are a suffici5t indication ( ! effects ( ! "w ( ?is (ficial delegation4 ,! result ( ^! wrong notions is ! pres5t settlem5t & ?is unju/ settlem5t w unsettle ! _w4 ,!y "k n :at !y d4 ,,turki% ,,peace ,,t]ms ,! "q ( "q to-day is ! ,khilafat "q1 o!rwise kn[n z t ( ! ,turki% peace t]ms4 ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,vic]oy des]ves our ?anks = receiv+ ! jo9t deputation ev5 at ?is late h\r1 especially :5 he 0 busy prep>+ to receive ! head ( ! diff]5t prov9ces4 ,8 ,excell5cy mu/ be ?ank$ = ! unfail+ c\rtesy ) :i* he receiv$ ! deputation & ! c\rte\s language 9 :i* 8 reply 0 c\*$4 ,b m]e c\rtesy1 valuable z x is at all times1 nev] s valuable z at ?is1 is n en\gh at ?is critical mom5t4 ',sweet words butt] no p>snips' is a prov]b m applicable to-day ?an ev] be=e4 ,beh9d ! c\rtesy !re 0 ! det]m9ation to puni% ,turkey4 ,puni%m5t ( ,turkey is a ?+ :i* ,muslim s5tim5t _c tol]ate = a mom5t4 ,muslim soldi]s are z responsible = ! result ( ! w> z any o!rs4 ,x 0 to appease !m t ,mr4 ,asqui? said :5 ,turkey decid$ to jo9 ! ,c5tral ,p[]s t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t _h no designs on ,turkey & t ,8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w\ld nev] ?9k ( puni%+ ! ,sultan = ! misde$s ( ! ,turki% ,committee4 ,exam9$ by t /&>d ! ,vic]egal reply is n only disappo9t+ b x is a fall f tru? & ju/ice4 ,:at is ?is ,briti% ,empire8 ,x is z mu* ,mahom$an & ,h9du z x is ,*ri/ian4 ,its religi\s neutrality is n a virtue1 or if x is1 x is a virtue ( necessity4 ,su* a mighty ,empire c\ld n be held toge!r on any o!r t]ms4 ,briti% m9i/]s are !re=e b\nd to protect ,mahom$an int]e/s z any o!r4 ,inde$ z ! ,muslim rejo9d] says1 !y are b\nd to make ! cause _! own4 ,:at is ! use ( ,8 ,excell5cy hav+ pres5t$ ! ,muslim claim be=e ! ,conf]5ce8 ,if ! cause is lo/ ! ,mahom$ans w be entitl$ to ?9k t ,brita9 did n d h] duty by !m4 ,& ! ,vic]egal reply confirms ! view4 ,:5 ,8 ,excell5cy says t ,turkey mu/ suff] = h] hav+ jo9$ ! ,c5tral ,p[]s he b expresses ! op9ion ( ,briti% m9i/]s4 ,we hope1 !re=e1 ) ! fram]s ( ! ,muslim rejo9d] t ,8 ,maje/y's m9i/]s w m5d ! mi/akes if any h be5 committ$ & secure a settlem5t t w\ld satisfy ,mahom$an s5tim5t4 ,:at does ! s5tim5t dem&8 ,! pres]vation ( ! ,khilafat ) su* gu>antee z may be necess>y = ! protection ( ! int]e/s ( ! non-,muslim races liv+ "u ,turki% rule & ! ,khalif's control ov] ,arabia & ! ,holy ,places ) su* arrangem5t z may be requir$ = gu>antee+ ,arab self-rule1 %\ld ! ,arabs desire x4 ,x is h>dly possible to /ate ! claim m fairly ?an has be5 done4 ,x is a claim back$ by ju/ice1 by ! decl>ations ( ,briti% m9i/]s & by ! unanim\s ,h9du & ,muslim op9ion4 ,x w\ld be midsumm] madness to reject or :ittle d[n a claim s back$4 ,,! ,,suz]a9ty ,,ov] ,,arabia ,z ,i told y 9 my la/ lett] ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,g&hi has made a s]i\s mi/ake 9 ! ,kailafat bus9ess4 ,! ,indian ,mahom$ans base _! dem& on ! ass]tion t _! religion requires ! ,turki% rule ov] ,arabia3 b :5 !y h aga9/ !m 9 ?is matt]1 ! ,arabs !mselves1 x is impossible to reg>d ! !ory ( ! ,indian ,mahom$ans z ess5tial to ,islam4 ,aft] all if ! ,arabs d n repres5t ,islam1 :o does8 ,x is z if ! ,g]man ,roman ,ca?olics made a dem& 9 ! "n ( ,roman ,ca?olicism ) ,rome & ! ,italians mak+ a contr>y dem&4 ,b ev5 if ! religion ( ! ,indian ,mahom$ans did require t ,turki% rule %\ld be impos$ ^u ! ,arabs aga9/ _! w1 "o c\ld n1 n[-a-days1 recognise z a really religi\s dem&1 "o :i* requir$ ! cont9u$ oppression ( "o p by ano!r4 ,:5 an assurance 0 giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> to ! ,indian ,mahom$ans t ! ,mahom$an religion w\ld be respect$1 t c\ld nev] h meant t a temporal sov]eignty :i* violat$ ! pr9ciples ( self-det]m9ation w\ld be upheld4 ,we c\ld n n[ /& by & see ! ,turks re-conqu] ! ,arabs 7= ! ,arabs w\ld c]ta9ly fight aga9/ !m7 )\t grossly betray+ ! ,arabs to :om we h giv5 pl$ges4 ,x is n true t ! ,arab ho/ility to ! ,turks 0 due simply to ,european sugge/ion4 ,no d\bt1 dur+ ! w> we avail$ ourselves ( ! ,arab ho/ility to ! ,turks to get ano!r ally1 b ! ho/ility _h exi/$ long be=e ! w>4 ,! ,non-,turki% ,mahom$an subjects ( ! ,sultan 9 g5]al want$ to get rid ( 8 rule4 ,x is ! ,indian ,mahom$ans :o h no exp]i5ce ( t rule :o want to impose x on o!rs4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! idea ( any re/oration ( ,turki% rule 9 ,syria or ,arabia1 seems s remote f all possibilities t to discuss x seems l discuss+ a re/oration ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,i _c conceive :at s]ies ( ev5ts c\ld br+ x ab\t4 ,! ,indian ,mahom$ans c]ta9ly c\ld n m>* into ,arabia !mselves & conqu] ! ,arabs = ! ,sultan4 ,& no am\nt ( agitation & tr\ble 9 ,india w\ld ev] induce ,engl& to put back ,turki% rule 9 ,arabia4 ,9 ?is matt] x is n ,engli% ,imp]ialism :i* ! ,indian ,mahom$ans are up aga9/1 b ! mass ( ,engli% ,lib]al & ,humanit>ian op9ion1 ! mass ( ! bett] op9ion ( ,engl&1 :i* wants self-det]m9ation to g =w>d 9 ,india4 ,suppos+ ! ,indian ,mahom$ans c\ld /ir up an agitation s viol5t 9 ,india z to sev] ! connection betwe5 ,india & ! ,briti% ,cr[n1 /ill !y w\ld n be any ne>] to _! purpose4 ,= to-day !y d h consid]able influ5ce on ,briti% _w-policy4 ,ev5 if 9 ?is matt] ( ! ,turki% "q _! influ5ce has n be5 suffici5t to turn ! scale aga9/ ! v heavy weights on ! o!r side1 x has weigh$ 9 ! scale4 ,b ap>t f ! ,briti% connection1 ,indian ,mahom$ans w\ld h no influ5ce at all outside ,india4 ,!y w\ld n c\nt = m 9 _w politics ?an ! ,mahom$ans ( ,*9a4 ,i ?9k x is likely 7ap>t f ! pressure ( ,am]ica on ! o!r side4 ,i %\ld say c]ta97 t ! influ5ce ( ! ,indian ,mahom$ans may at any rate avail to keep ! ,sultan 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,b ,i d\bt :e!r !y w ga9 any advantage by do+ s4 ,= a ,turkey cut d[n to ! ,turki% p>ts ( ,asia-,m9or1 ,con/ant9ople w\ld be a v inconv5i5t capital4 ,i ?9k its inconv5i5ce w\ld m ?an outweigh ! s5tim5tal gratification ( keep+ up a phantom ( ! old ,ottoman ,empire4 ,b if ! ,indian ,mahom$ans want ! ,sultan to reta9 8 place 9 ,con/ant9ople ,i ?9k ! assurances giv5 (ficially by ! ,vic]oy 9 ,india n[ b9ds u to insi/ on 8 rema9+ !re & ,i ?9k he w rema9 !re 9 spite ( ,am]ica4 ,?is is an extract1 f ! lett] ( an ,engli%man enjoy+ a position 9 ,great ,brita91 to a fri5d 9 ,india4 ,x is a typical lett]1 sob]1 hone/1 to ! po9t & put 9 su* graceful language t :il/ x *all5ges y1 x comm&s y\r respect by its v gracefulness4 ,b x is j ?is attitude bas$ ^u insuffici5t or false in=mation :i* has ru9$ _m a cause 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,! sup]ficiality1 ! "o-sid$ness ! inaccuracy & (t5 ev5 di%one/y t h crept into mod]n j\rnalism1 cont9u\sly mislead hone/ m5 :o want to see no?+ b ju/ice done4 ,!n !re are always int]e/$ gr\ps ^: bus9ess x is to s]ve _! ends by means ( faul or food4 ,& ! hone/ ,engli%man wi%+ to vote = ju/ice b sway$ by conflict+ op9ions & dom9at$ by di/ort$ v]sions1 (t5 ends by becom+ an in/rum5t ( inju/ice4 ,! writ] ( ! lett] quot$ above has built up conv9c+ argum5t on imag9>y data4 ,he has successfully %[n t ! ,mahom$an case1 z x has be5 pres5t$ to him1 is a rott5 case4 ,9 ,india1 :]e x is n q easy to di/ort facts ab\t ! ,khilafat1 ,engli% fri5ds admit ! utt] ju/ice ( ! ,indian-,mahom$an claim4 ,b !y plead helplessness & tell u t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india & ,mr4 ,montagu h done all x 0 humanly possible = !m to d4 ,& if n[ ! judgm5t goes aga9/ ,islam1 ,indian ,mahom$ans %\ld resign !mselves to x4 ,?is extraord9>y /ate ( ?+s w\ld n be possible except "u ?is mod]n ru% & preoccupations ( all responsible p4 ,let u = a mom5t exam9e ! case z x has be5 imag9$ by ! writ]4 ,he sugge/s t ,indian ,mahom$ans want ,turki% rule 9 ,arabia 9 spite ( ! opposition ( ! ,arabs !mselves1 & t1 if ! ,arabs d n want ,turki% rule1 ! writ] argues1 no false religions s5tim5t c be p]mitt$ to int]f]e ) self-det]m9ation ( ! ,arabs :5 ,india h]self has be5 plead+ = t v /atus4 ,n[ ! fact is t ! ,mahom$ans1 z is kn[n to ev]ybody :o has at all /udi$ ! case1 h nev] ask$ = ,turki% rule 9 ,arabia 9 opposition to ! ,arabs4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y h said t !y h no int5tion ( resi/+ ,arabian self-gov]nm5t4 ,all !y ask = is ,turki% suz]a9ty ov] ,arabia :i* w\ld gu>antee complete self-rule = ! ,arabs4 ,!y want ,khalif's control ( ! ,holy ,places ( ,islam4 ,9 o!r words !y ask = no?+ m ?an :at 0 gu>ante$ by ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george & on ! /r5g? ( :i* gu>antee ,mahom$an soldi]s split _! blood on behalf ( ! ,alli$ ,p[]s4 ,all ! elaborate argum5t !re=e & ! cog5t reason+ ( ! above extract fall to pieces bas$ z !y are ^u a case t has nev] exi/$4 ,i h ?r[n myself he>t & s\l into ?is "q because ,briti% pl$ges ab/ract ju/ice1 & religi\s s5tim5t co9cide4 ,i c conceive ! possibility ( a bl9d & fanatical religi\s s5tim5t exi/+ 9 opposition to pure ju/ice4 ,i %\ld !n resi/ ! =m] & fight = ! latt]4 ,nor w\ld ,i insi/ ^u pl$ges giv5 di%one/ly to support an unju/ cause z has happ5$ ) ,engl& 9 ! case ( ! secret treaties4 ,resi/ance !re becomes n only lawful b obligatory on ! "p ( a nation t prides itself on its righte\sness4 ,x is unnecess>y = me to exam9e ! position imag9$ by ! ,engli% fri5d1 viz41 h[ ,india w\ld h f>$ _h %e be5 an indep5d5t p[]4 ,x is unnecess>y because ,indian ,mahom$ans1 & = t matt] ,india1 are fight+ = a cause t is admitt$ly j2 a cause 9 aid ( :i* !y are invok+ ! :ole-he>t$ support ( ! ,briti% p4 ,i w\ld h[ev] v5ture to sugge/ t ?is is a cause 9 :i* m]e sympa?y w n suffice4 ,x is a cause :i* dem&s support t is /rong en\gh to br+ ab\t sub/antial ju/ice4 ,,fur!r ,,que/ions ,,answ]$ ,i h be5 ov]:elm$ ) public criticism & private advice & ev5 anonym\s lett]s tell+ me exactly :at ,i %\ld d4 ,"s are impati5t t ,i d n advise imm$iate & ext5sive non-co-op]ation2 o!rs tell me :at h>m ,i am do+ ! c\ntry by ?r[+ x kn[+ly 9 a tempe/ ( viol5ce on ei!r side4 ,x is difficult = me to deal ) ! :ole ( ! criticism1 b ,i w\ld summ>ize "s ( ! objections & endeav\r to answ] !m to ! be/ ( my ability4 ,^! are 9 addition to ^? ,i h already answ]$3-- 7#a7 ,turki% claim is immoral or unju/ & h[ c ,i1 a lov] ( tru? & ju/ice1 support x8 7#b7 ,ev5 if ! claim be j 9 !ory1 ! ,turk is hopelessly incapable1 weak & cruel4 ,he does n des]ve any assi/ance4 7#c7 ,ev5 if ,turkey des]ves all t is claim$ = h]1 :y %\ld ,i l& ,india 9 an int]national /ruggle8 7#d7 ,x is no "p ( ! ,indian ,mahom$ans' bus9ess to m$dle 9 ?is affair4 ,if !y *]i% any political ambition1 !y h tri$1 !y h fail$ & !y %\ld n[ sit /ill4 ,if x is a religi\s matt] ) !m1 x _c appeal to ! ,h9du reason 9 ! mann] x is put & 9 any case ,h9dus ought n to id5tify !mselves ) ,mahom$ans 9 _! religi\s qu>rel ) ,*ri/5dom4 7#e7 ,9 no case %\ld ,i advocate non-co-op]ation :i* 9 its extreme s5se is no?+ b a rebellion1 no matt] h[ peaceful x may be4 7#f7 ,moreov]1 my exp]i5ce ( la/ ye> mu/ %[ me t x is beyond ! capacity ( any s+le human be+ to control ! =ces ( viol5ce t are ly+ dormant 9 ! l&4 7#g7 ,non-co-op]ation is futile because p w nev] respond 9 "r e>ne/1 & reaction t might aft]w>ds set 9 w be worse ?an ! /ate ( hopefulness we are n[ 94 7#h7 ,non-co-op]ation w br+ ab\t cessation ( all o!r activities1 ev5 work+ ( ! ,re=ms1 ?us set back ! clock ( progress4 7#i7 ,h[ev] pure my motives may be1 ^? ( ! ,mussalmans are obvi\sly rev5geful4 ,i %all n[ answ] ! objections 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are /at$-- 7#a7 ,9 my op9ion ! ,turki% claim is n only n immoral & unju/1 b x is highly equitable1 if only because ,turkey wants to reta9 :at is h] own4 ,& ! ,mahom$an manife/o has def9itely decl>$ t :atev] gu>antees may be necess>y to be tak5 = ! protection ( non-,muslim & non-,turki% races1 %\ld be tak5 s z to give ! ,*ri/ians !irs & ! ,arabs _! self-gov]nm5t "u ! ,turki% suz]a9ty4 7#b7 ,i d n believe ! ,turk to be weak1 incapable or cruel4 ,he is c]ta9ly disorganis$ & probably )\t good g5]al%ip4 ,he has be5 oblig$ to fight aga9/ heavy odds4 ,! argum5t ( weakness1 incapacity & cruelty "o (t5 he>s quot$ 9 connection ) ^? f :om p[] is s\ght to be tak5 away4 ,ab\t ! alleg$ massacres a prop] commission has be5 ask$ =1 b nev] grant$4 ,& 9 any case security c be tak5 aga9/ oppression4 7#c7 ,i h already /at$ t if ,i 7 n int]e/$ 9 ! ,indian ,mahom$ans1 ,i w\ld n int]e/ myself 9 ! welf>e ( ! ,turks any m ?an ,i am 9 t ( ! ,au/rians or ! ,poles4 ,b ,i am b\nd z an ,indian to %>e ! suff]+s & trial ( fell[-,indians4 ,if ,i deem ! ,mahom$an to be my bro!r4 ,x is my duty to help him 9 8 h\r ( p]il to ! be/ ( my ability1 if 8 cause comm5ds itself to me z j4 7#d7 ,! f\r? ref]s to ! ext5t ,h9dus %\ld jo9 h&s ) ! ,mahom$ans4 ,x is !re=e a matt] ( feel+ & op9ion4 ,x is exp$i5t to suff] = my ,mahom$an bro!r to ! utmo/ 9 a j cause & ,i %\ld !re=e travel ) him along ! :ole road s long z ! means employ$ by him are z hon\rable z 8 end4 ,i _c regulate ! ,mahom$an feel+4 ,i mu/ accept 8 /atem5t t ! ,khilafat is ) him a religi\s "q 9 ! s5se t x b9ds him to rea* ! goal ev5 at ! co/ ( 8 own life4 7#e7 ,i d n consid] non-co-op]ation to be a rebellion1 because x is free f viol5ce4 ,9 a l>g] s5se all opposition to a ,gov]nm5t measure is a rebellion4 ,9 t s5se1 rebellion 9 a j cause is a duty1 ! ext5t ( opposition be+ det]m9$ by ! measure ( ! inju/ice done & felt4 7#f7 ,my exp]i5ce ( la/ ye> %[s me t 9 spite ( ab]rations 9 "s p>ts ( ,india1 ! c\ntry 0 entirely "u control t ! influ5ce ( ,satyagraha 0 pr(\ndly = its good & t :]e viol5ce did break out !re 7 local causes t directly contribut$ to x4 ,at ! same "t ,i admit t ev5 ! viol5ce t did take place on ! "p ( ! p & ! _s ( lawlessness t 0 und\bt$ly %[n 9 "s p>ts %\ld h rema9$ "u *eck4 ,i h made ample ackn[l$gm5t ( ! miscalculation ,i !n made4 ,b all ! pa9ful exp]i5ce t ,i !n ga9$ did n any way %ake my belief 9 ,satyagraha or 9 ! possibility ( t mat*less =ce be+ utilis$ 9 ,india4 ,ample provision is be+ made ?is "t to avoid ! mi/akes ( ! pa/4 ,b ,i mu/ refuse to be det]r$ f a cle> c\rse2 because x may be att5d$ by viol5ce totally un9t5d$ & 9 spite ( extraord9>y ef=ts t are be+ made to prev5t x4 ,at ! same "t ,i mu/ make my position cle>4 ,no?+ c possibly prev5t a ,satyagrahi f do+ 8 duty because ( ! fr[n ( ! au?orities4 ,i w\ld risk1 if necess>y1 a million lives s long z !y are volunt>y suff]]s & are innoc5t1 spotless victims4 ,x is ! mi/akes ( ! p t matt] 9 a ,satyagraha campaign4 ,mi/akes1 ev5 insanity mu/ be expect$ f ! /rong & ! p[]ful1 & ! mom5t ( victory has come :5 !re is no retort to ! mad fury ( ! p[]ful1 b a volunt>y1 dignifi$ & quiet submission b n submission to ! w ( ! au?ority t has put itself 9 ! wrong4 ,! secret ( success lies !re=e 9 hold+ e ,engli% life & ! life ( e (fic] s]v+ ! ,gov]nm5t z sacr$ z ^? ( our own de> ones4 ,all ! wond]ful exp]i5ce ,i h ga9$ n[ dur+ ne>ly #dj ye>s ( consci\s exi/5ce1 has conv9c$ me t !re is no gift s preci\s z t ( life4 ,i make bold to say t ! mom5t ! ,engli%m5 feel t al?\gh !y are 9 ,india 9 a hopeless m9ority1 _! lives are protect$ aga9/ h>m n because ( ! mat*less weapons ( de/ruction :i* are at _! disposal1 b because ,indians refuse to take ! lives ev5 ( ^? :om !y may consid] to be utt]ly 9 ! wrong t mom5t w see a trans=mation 9 ! ,engli% nature 9 its relation to ,india & t mom5t w also be ! mom5t :5 all ! de/ructive cutl]y t is to be _h 9 ,india w beg9 to ru/4 ,i "k t ?is is a f>-(f vision4 ,t _c matt] to me4 ,x is en\gh = me to see ! light & to act up to x1 & x is m ?an en\gh :5 ,i ga9 companions 9 ! onw>d m>*4 ,i h claim$ 9 private conv]sations ) ,engli% fri5ds t x is because ( my incessant prea*+ ( ! gospel ( non-viol5ce & my hav+ successfully demon/rat$ its practical utility t s f> ! =ces ( viol5ce1 :i* are und\bt$ly 9 exi/5ce 9 connection ) ! ,khilafat movem5t1 h rema9$ "u complete control4 7#g7 ,f a religi\s /&po9t ! sev5? objection is h>dly wor? consid]+4 ,if p d n respond to ! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation1 x w\ld be a pity1 b t c be no reason = a re=m] n to try4 ,x w\ld be to me a demon/ration t ! pres5t position ( hopefulness is n dep5d5t on any inw>d /r5g? or k1 b x is hope born ( ignorance & sup]/ition4 7#h7 ,if non-co-op]ation is tak5 up 9 e>ne/1 x mu/ br+ ab\t a cessation ( all o!r activities includ+ ! ,re=ms1 b ,i decl9e to draw !re=e ! coroll>y t x w set back ! clock ( progress4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i consid] non-co-op]ation to be su* a p[]ful & pure in/rum5t1 t if x is en=c$ 9 an e>ne/ _s1 x w be l seek+ fir/ ! ,k+dom ( ,god & ev]y?+ else foll[+ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,p w h !n realis$ _! true p[]4 ,!y w\ld h le>nt ! value ( discipl9e1 self-control1 jo9t action1 non-viol5ce1 organisation & ev]y?+ else t goes to make a nation great & good1 & n m]ely great4 7#i7 ,i d n "k t ,i h a "r to arrogate great] purity = myself ?an = our ,mussalman bre?r54 ,b ,i d admit t !y d n believe 9 my doctr9e ( non-viol5ce to ! full ext5t4 ,= !m x is a weapon ( ! weak1 an exp$i5t4 ,!y consid] non-co-op]ation )\t viol5ce to be ! only ?+ op5 to !m 9 ! w> ( direct action4 ,i "k t if "s ( !m c\ld (f] successful viol5ce1 !y w\ld d to-day4 ,b !y are conv9c$ t humanly speak+ x is an impossibility4 ,= !m1 !re=e1 non-co-op]ation is a matt] n m]ely ( duty b also ( rev5ge4 ,:]eas ,i take up non-co-op]ation aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t z ,i h actually tak5 x up 9 practice aga9/ memb]s ( my own family4 ,i ent]ta9 v high reg>d = ! ,briti% con/itution1 ,i h n only no enmity aga9/ ,engli%m5 b ,i reg>d mu* 9 ,engli% "* z wor?y ( my emulation4 ,i c\nt _m z my fri5ds4 ,x is aga9/ my religion to reg>d any "o z an enemy4 ,i ent]ta9 simil> s5tim5ts ) respect to ,mahom$ans4 ,i f9d _! cause to be j & pure4 ,al?\gh !re=e _! viewpo9t is diff]5t f m9e ,i d n hesitate to associate ) !m & invite !m to give my me?od a trial1 =1 ,i believe t ! use ( a pure weapon ev5 f a mi/ak5 motive does n fail to produce "s good1 ev5 z ! tell+ ( tru? if only because = ! "t be+ x is ! be/ policy1 is at lea/ s mu* to ! good4 ,,mr4 ,,c&l]',s ,,op5 ,,lett] ,mr4 ,c&l] has fav\r$ me ) an op5 lett] on ?is "q ( que/ions4 ,! lett] has already appe>$ 9 ! ,press4 ,i c appreciate ,mr4 ,c&l]'s position z ,i w\ld l him & o!r ,engli%m5 to appreciate m9e & t ( hundr$s ( ,h9dus :o feel z ,i d4 ,mr4 ,c&l]'s lett] is an attempt to %[ t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's pl$ge is n 9 any way brok5 by ! peace t]ms4 ,i q agree ) him t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's words ought n to be torn f _! context to support ! ,mahom$an claim4 ,^! are ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's words z quot$ 9 ! rec5t ,vic]egal message3 ,nor are we fight+ to de/roy ,au/ria-,hung>y or to deprive ,turkey ( its capital or ( ! ri* & r5[n$ l&s ( ,asia ,m9or & ,?race :i* are pr$om9antly ,turki% 9 race4 ,mr4 ,c&l] seems to read ':i*'1 z if x meant 'if !y1' :]eas ,i give ! pron\n its natural mean+1 namely1 t ! ,prime ,m9i/] knew 9 #aiah1 t ! l&s ref]r$ to by him 7 pr$om9antly ,turki% 9 race4 ,& if ?is is ! mean+ ,i v5ture to sugge/ t ! pl$ge has be5 brok5 9 a mo/ b>efac$ mann]1 = !re is practically no?+ left to ! ,turk ( '! ri* & r5[n$ l&s ( ,asia ,m9or & ,?race4' ,i h already my view ( ! ret5tion ( ! ,sultan 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,x is an insult to ! intellig5ce ( man to sugge/ t '! ma9t5ance ( ! ,turki% ,empire 9 ! homel& ( ! ,turki% race ) its capital at ,con/ant9ople has be5 left unimpair$ by ! t]ms ( peace4 ,?is is ! o!r passage f ! spee* :i* ,i presume ,mr4 ,c&l] wants me to read toge!r ) ! "o already quot$3-- ,:ile we d n *all5ge ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,turki% ,empire 9 ! home-l& ( ! ,turki% race ) its capital at ,con/ant9ople1 ! passage betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,black ,sea be+ int]-nationalis$1 ,arm5ia1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria & ,pale/9e are 9 our judgm5t entitl$ to a recognition ( _! sep>ate national condition4 ,did t mean entire removal ( ,turki% influ5ce1 ext9ction ( ,turki% suz]a9ty & ! introduction ( ,european-,*ri/ian influ5ce "u ! guise ( ,m&ates8 ,h ! ,moslems ( ,arabia1 ,arm5ia1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria & ,pale/9e be5 committ$1 or is ! new arrangem5t be+ sup]impos$ ^u !m by ,p[]s consci\s ( _! own brute-/r5g? r ?an ( ju/ice ( _! action8 ,i = "o w\ld nurse by e legitimate means ! _s ( indep5d5ce 9 ! brave ,arabs1 b ,i %udd] to ?9k :at w happ5 to !m "u ! s*emes ( exploitation ( _! c\ntry by ! gre$y capitali/s protect$ z !y w be by ! m&atory ,p[]s4 ,if ! pl$ge is to be fulfill$1 let ^! places h full self-gov]nm5t ) suz]a9ty to be reta9$ ) ,turkey z has be5 sugge/$ by ! ,times ( ,india4 ,let !re be all ! necess>y gu>antees tak5 f ,turkey ab\t ! int]nal indep5d5ce ( ! ,arabs4 ,b to remove t suz]a9ty1 to deprive ! ,khalif ( ! w>d5%ip ( ! ,holy ,places is to r5d] ,khilafat a mock]y :i* no ,mahom$an c possibly look ^u ) equanimity1 ,i am n alone 9 my int]pretation ( ! pl$ge4 ,! ,"r ,hon'ble ,ame] ,ali calls ! peace t]ms a brea* ( fai?4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob]ts rem9ds ! ,briti% public t ! ,indian ,mussalman s5tim5t reg>d+ ! ,turki% ,treaty is bas$ ^u ! ,prime ,m9i/]'s pl$ge reg>d+ ,?race1 ,con/ant9ople & ,turki% l&s 9 ,asia ,m9or1 repeat$ on ,febru>y #bf la/ ) delib]ation by ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george4 ,mr4 ,rob]ts holds t ! pl$ge mu/ be treat$ z a :ole1 n z b9d+ only reg>d+ ,con/ant9ople b also b9d+ z reg>ds ,?race & ,asia ,m9or4 ,he describes ! pl$ge z b9d+ ^u ! nation z a :ole & its brea* 9 any "p z a gross brea* ( fai? on ! "p ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,he dem&s t if !re is an unansw]able reply to ! *>ge ( brea* ( fai? x ought to be giv5 & adds ! ,prime ,m9i/] may reg>d 8 own ^w lightly if he *ooses1 b he has no "r to break a pl$ge giv5 on behalf ( ! nation4 ,he concludes t x is incr$ible t su* pl$ge %\ld n h be5 kept 9 ! lett] & 9 ! _s4 ,he adds3 ,i h reason to believe t ^! views are fully %>$ by prom95t memb]s ( ! ,cab9et4 ,i wond] if ,mr4 ,c&l] kn[s :at is go+ on to-day 9 ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,pick?all writ+ 9 ,new ,age says3 ,no imp>tial int]national enquiry into ! :ole "q ( ! ,arm5ian massacres has be5 in/itut$ 9 ! ample "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce ! conclusion ( armi/ice ) ,turkey4 ,! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t has ask$ = su* enquiry4 ,b ! ,arm5ian organisations & ! ,arm5ian p>tisans refuse to he> ( su* a ?+1 decl>+ t ! ,bryce & ,lepss5s reports are q suffici5t to condemn ! ,turks4 ,9 o!r words ! judgm5t %\ld be giv5 on ! case = prosecution alone4 ,! int]-alli$ commission :i* inve/igat$ ! un=tunate ev5ts 9 ,smyrna la/ ye>1 made a report unfav\rable to ,greek claims4 ,!re=e1 t report has n be5 publi%$ "h 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh 9 o!r c\ntries x has long be5 public prop]ty4 ,he !n goes on to %[ h[ money is be+ scatt]$ by ,arm5ian & ,greek emiss>ies 9 ord] to popul>ise _! cause & adds3 ,?is conjunction ( d5se ignorance & cunn+ falsehood is fraught ) in/ant dang] to ! ,briti% realm1 & concludes3 ,a ,gov]nm5t & p :i* pref] propag&a to fact z ! gr\nd ( policy--& =eign policy at t--is self-condemn$4 ,i h reproduc$ ! above extract 9 ord] to %[ t ! pres5t ,briti% policy has be5 affect$ by propag&a ( an unscrupul\s nature4 ,turkey :i* 0 dom9ant ov] two million squ>e miles ( ,asia1 ,africa & ,europe 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 "u ! t]ms ( ! treaty1 says ! ,london ,*ronicle1 has dw9dl$ d[n to little m ?an #a1jjj squ>e miles4 ,x says1 ,all ,european ,turkey c\ld n[ be accommodat$ com=tably betwe5 ! ,l&s5d & ! ,tam>1 ,cornawal alone exce$+ its total area & b = its alliance ) ,g]many1 ,turkey c\ld h be5 assur$ ( reta9+ at lea/ sixty ?\s& squ>e miles ( ! ,ea/]n ,balkans4 ,i d n "k :e!r ! ,*ronicle view is g5]ally %>$4 ,is x by way ( puni%m5t t ,turkey is to und]go su* %r9kage1 or is x because ju/ice dem&s x8 ,if ,turkey _h n made ! mi/ake ( jo9+ ,g]many1 w\ld ! pr9ciple ( nationality h be5 /ill appli$ to ,arm5ia1 ,arabia1 ,mesopotamia & ,pale/9e8 ,let me n[ rem9d ^? :o ?9k ) ,mr4 ,c&l] t ! promise 0 n made by ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george to ! p ( ,india 9 anticipation ( ! supply ( recruits cont9u+4 ,9 def5d+ 8 own /atem5t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george is report$ to h said3 ,! effect ( ! /atem5t 9 ,india 0 t recruit+ w5t up appreciably f t v mom5t4 ,!y 7 n all ,mahom$ans b !re 7 _m ,mahom$ans among/ !m4 ,n[ we are told t 0 an (f] to ,turkey4 ,b !y reject$ x1 & !re=e we 7 absolutely free4 ,x 0 n4 ,x is too (t5 =gott5 t we are ! greate/ ,mahom$an p[] 9 ! _w & "o-f\r? ( ! population ( ! ,briti% ,empire is ,mahom$an4 ,!re h be5 no m loyal adh]5ts to ! ?rone & no m effective & loyal support]s ( ! ,empire 9 its h\r ( trial4 ,we gave a solemn pl$ge & !y accept$ x4 ,!y are di/urb$ by ! prospect ( our n abid+ by x4 ,:o %all int]pret t pl$ge & h[8 ,h[ did ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india itself int]pret x8 ,did x or did x n en]getically support ! claim = ! control ( ! ,holy ,places ( ,islam ve/+ 9 ! ,khalif8 ,did ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india sugge/ t ! :ole ( ,jazirat-ul-,arab c\ld be tak5 away consi/5tly ) t pl$ge f ! sph]e ( influ5ce ( ! ,khalif1 & giv5 ov] to ! ,allies z m&atory ,p[]s8 ,:y does ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india sympa?ise ) ! ,indian ,mussalmans if ! t]ms are all !y %\ld be8 ,s mu* = ! pl$ge4 ,i w\ld l to gu>d myself aga9/ be+ und]/ood t ,i /& or fall absolutely by ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's decl>ation4 ,i h advis$ly us$ ! adv]b 'practically' 9 connection ) x4 ,x is an important qualification4' ,mr4 ,c&l] seems to sugge/ t my goal is some?+ m ?an m]ely atta9+ ju/ice on ! ,khilafat4 ,if s1 he is "r4 ,atta9m5t ( ju/ice is und\bt$ly ! corn]-/one1 & if ,i f\nd t ,i 0 wrong 9 my conception ( ju/ice on ?is "q1 ,i hope ,i %all h ! c\rage imm$iately to retrace my /eps4 ,b by help+ ! ,mahom$ans ( ,india at a critical mom5t 9 _! hi/ory1 ,i want to buy _! fri5d%ip4 ,moreov]1 if ,i c c>ry ! ,mahom$ans ) me ,i hope to wean ,great ,brita9 f ! d[nw>d pa? along :i* ! ,prime ,m9i/] seems to me to be tak+ h]4 ,i hope also to %[ to ,india & ! ,empire at l>ge t giv5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( capacity = self-sacrifice1 ju/ice c be secur$ by peacefulle/ & cleane/ means )\t s[+ or increas+ bitt]ness betwe5 ,engli% & ,indians4 ,=1 :atev] may be ! tempor>y effect ( my me?ods1 ,i "k en\gh ( !m to feel c]ta9 t !y alone are immune f la/+ bitt]ness4 ,!y are unta9t$ ) hatr$1 exp$i5ce or untru?4 ,,9 ,,process ,,( ,,keep+ ,! writ] ( ',curr5t ,topics' 9 ! ,times ( ,india has attempt$ to *all5ge ! /atem5t made 9 my ,khilafat article reg>d+ m9i/]ial pl$ges1 & 9 do+ s cites ,mr4 ,asqui?'s ,guild-,hall spee* ( ,novemb] #aj1 #aiad4 ,:5 ,i wrote ! articles1 ,i _h 9 m9d ,mr4 ,asqui?'s spee*4 ,i am sorry t he ev] made t spee*4 ,=1 9 my humble op9ion1 x betray$ to say ! lea/1 a confusion ( ?\ght4 ,c\ld he ?9k ( ! ,turki% p z ap>t f ! ,ottoman ,gov]nm5t8 ,& :at is ! mean+ ( ! dea?-knell ( ,ottoman ,dom9ion 9 ,europe & ,asia if x be n ! dea? knell ( ,turki% p z a free & gov]n+ race8 ,is x1 aga91 true hi/orically t ! ,turki% rule has always be5 a blight t 'has )]$ "s ( ! faire/ regions ( ! e>?8' ,& :at is ! mean+ ( 8 /atem5t t foll[$1 viz41 ,no?+ is fur!r f our ?\ghts ?an to imitate or enc\rage a crusade aga9/ _! belief8 ,if words h any mean+1 ! qualifications t ,mr4 ,asqui? introduc$ 9 8 spee* %\ld h meant a scrupul\s reg>d = ,indian ,muslim feel+4 ,& if t be ! mean+ ( 8 spee*1 )\t any?+ fur!r to support me ,i w\ld claim t ev5 ,mr4 ,asqui?'s assurance is 9 dang] ( be+ set at n\ght if ! resolutions ( ! ,san ,remo ,conf]5ce are to be cry/allis$ into action4 ,b ,i base rem>ks on a consid]$ spee* made by ,mr4 ,asqui?'s successor two ye>s lat] :5 ?+s _h assum$ a m ?reat5+ %ape ?an 9 #aiad & :5 ! ne$ = ,indian help 0 mu* great] ?an 9 #aiad4 ,8 pl$ge w\ld be> repetition till x is fulfill$4 ,he said3 ,nor are we fight+ to deprive ,turkey ( its capital or ( ! ri* & r5[n$ l&s ( ,asia ,m9or & ,?race :i* are pr$om9antly ,turki% 9 race4 ,we d n *all5ge ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,turki% ,empire 9 ! homel&s ( ! ,turki% race ) its capital at ,con/ant9ople4 ,if only e ^w ( ?is pl$ge is fulfill$ bo? 9 lett] & 9 _s1 !re w\ld be little left = qu>rell+ ab\t4 ,9 s f> z ,mr4 ,asqui?'s decl>ation c be consid]$ ho/ile to ! ,indian ,muslim claim1 x its sup]s$$ by ! lat] & m consid]$ decl>ation ( ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george--a decl>ation made irrevocable by fulfilm5t ( ! consid]ation x expect$1 viz4 ! enli/m5t ( ! brave ,mahom$an soldi]y :i* f\ght 9 ! v place :i* is n[ be+ p>tition$ 9 spite ( ! pl$ge4 ,b ! writ] ( ',curr5t ,topics' says ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george is n[ 9 process ( keep+ 8 pl$ge ,i hope he is "r4 ,b :at has already happ5$ gives little gr\nd = any su* hope4 ,=1 imprisonm5t or int]nm5t ( ! ,khalif 9 8 own capital w be n only a mock]y ( fulfilm5t b x w\ld he add+ injury to insult4 ,ei!r ! ,turki% ,empire is to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! homel&s ( ! ,turki% race ) its capital at ,con/ant9ople or x is n4 ,if x is1 let ! ,indian ,mahom$ans feel ! full gl[ ( x or if ! ,empire is to be brok5 up1 let ! mask ( hypocrisy be lift$ & ,india see ! tru? 9 its nak$ness4 ,to jo9 ! ,khilafat movem5t !n means to jo9 a movem5t to keep inviolate ! pl$ge ( a ,briti% m9i/]4 ,surely1 su* a movem5t is wor? mu* great] sacrifice ?an may be involv$ 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,,appeal ,,to ,,! ,,vic]oy ,y\r ,excell5cy4 ,z "o :o has enjoy$ a c]ta9 measure ( y\r ,excell5cy's confid5ce1 & z "o :o claims to be a devot$ well-wi%] ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 ,i owe x to y\r ,excell5cy1 & ?r\gh y\r ,excell5cy to ,8 ,maje/y's ,m9i/]s1 to expla9 my connection ) & my conduct 9 ! ,khilafat "q4 ,at ! v e>lie/ /ages ( ! w>1 ev5 :il/ ,i 0 9 ,london organis+ ! ,indian ,volunte] ,ambulance ,corps1 ,i began to int]e/ myself 9 ! ,khilafat "q4 ,i p]ceiv$ h[ deeply mov$ ! little ,mussalman ,_w 9 ,london 0 :5 ,turkey decid$ to ?r[ 9 h] lot ) ,g]many4 ,on my arrival 9 ,india 9 ! ,janu>y ( #aiae1 ,i f\nd ! same anxi\sness & e>ne/ness among ! ,mussalmans ) :om ,i came 9 contact4 ,_! anxiety became int5se :5 ! in=mation ab\t ! ,secret ,treaties leak$ out4 ,di/ru/ ( ,briti% int5tions fill$ _! m9ds1 & despair took possession ( !m4 ,ev5 at t mom5t ,i advis$ my ,mussalman fri5ds n to give way to despair1 b to express _! fe> & _! hopes 9 a discipl9$ mann]4 ,x w be admitt$ t ! :ole ( ,mussalman ,india has behav$ 9 a s+ul>ly re/ra9$ mann] dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s & t ! lead]s h be5 able to keep ! turbul5t sections ( _! community "u complete control4 ,! peace t]ms & y\r ,excell5cy's def5ce ( !m h giv5 ! ,mussalmans ( ,india a %ock f :i* x w be difficult = !m to recov]4 ,! t]ms violate m9i/]ial pl$ges & utt]ly disreg>d ,mussalman s5tim5t4 ,i consid] t z a /aun* ,h9du wi%+ to live on t]ms ( ! close/ fri5d%ip ) my ,mussalman c\ntrym54 ,i %\ld be an unwor?y son ( ,india if ,i did n /& by !m 9 _! h\r ( trial4 ,9 my humble op9ion _! cause is j4 ,!y claim t ,turkey mu/ be puni%$ if _! s5tim5t is to be respect$4 ,muslim soldi]s did fight to inflict puni%m5t on _! own ,khalifa or to deprive him ( 8 t]ritories4 ,! ,mussalman attitude has be5 consi/5t1 ?r\gh\t ^! five ye>s4 ,my duty to ! ,empire to :i* ,i owe my loyalty requires me to resi/ ! cruel viol5ce t has be5 done to ! ,mussalman s5tim5t4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ,mussulmans & ,h9dus h z a :ole lo/ fai? 9 ,briti% ju/ice & hon\r4 ,! report ( ! majority ( ! ,hunt] ,committee1 ,y\r ,excell5cy's despat* !reon & ,mr4 ,montagu's reply h only aggravat$ ! di/ru/4 ,9 ^! circum/ances ! only c\rse op5 to "o l me is ei!r 9 despair to sev] all connection ) ,briti% rule1 or1 if ,i /ill reta9$ fai? 9 ! inh]5t sup]iority ( ! ,briti% con/itution to all o!rs at pres5t 9 vogue to adopt su* means z w rectify ! wrong done1 & ?us re/ore confid5ce4 ,i h n lo/ fai? 9 su* sup]iority & ,i am n )\t hope t someh[ or o!r ju/ice w yet be r5d]$ if we %[ ! requisite capacity = suff]+4 ,inde$1 my conception ( t con/itution is t x helps only ^? :o are ready to help !mselves4 ,i d n believe t x protects ! weak4 ,x gives free scope to ! /rong to ma9ta9 _! /r5g? & develop x4 ,! weak "u x g to ! wall4 ,x is1 !n1 because ,i believe 9 ! ,briti% con/itution t ,i h advis$ my ,mussalman fri5ds to )draw _! support f y\r ,excell5cy's ,gov]nm5t & ! ,h9dus to jo9 !m1 %\ld ! peace t]ms n be revis$ 9 accordance ) ! solemn pl$ges ( ,m9i/]s & ! ,muslim s5tim5t4 ,?ree c\rses 7 op5 to ! ,mahom$ans 9 ord] to m>k _! emphatic disapproval ( ! utt] inju/ice to :i* ,8 ,maje/y's ,m9i/]s h become p>ty1 if !y h n actually be5 ! prime p]petrators ( x4 ,!y are3-- 7#a7 ,to resort to viol5ce1 7#b7 ,to advise emigration on a :olesale scale1 7#c7 ,n to be p>ty to ! inju/ice by ceas+ to co-op]ate ) ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,y\r ,excell5cy mu/ be aw>e t !re 0 a "t :5 ! bolde/1 ?\gh ! mo/ ?\ghtless among ! ,mussulmans fav\r$ viol5ce1 & ! ,hijrat 7emigration7 has n yet ceas$ to be ! battle-cry4 ,i v5ture to claim t ,i h succe$$ by pati5t reason+ 9 wean+ ! p>ty ( viol5ce f its ways4 ,i confess t ,i did n--,i did n attempt to succe$ 9 wean+ !m f viol5ce on moral gr\nds1 b purely on utilit>ian gr\nds4 ,! result1 = ! "t be+ at any has1 h[ev]1 be5 to /op viol5ce4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,hijrat has receiv$ a *eck1 if x has n /opp$ its activity entirely4 ,i hold t no repression c\ld h prev5t$ a viol5t eruption1 if ! p _h n _h pres5t$ to !m a =m ( direct action involv+ consid]able sacrifice & ensur+ success if su* direct action 0 l>gely tak5 up by ! public4 ,non-co-op]ation 0 ! only dignifi$ & con/itutional =m ( su* direct action4 ,= x is ! "r recognis$ f times immemorial ( ! subject to refuse to assi/ a rul] :o misrules4 ,at ! same "t ,i admit t non-co-op]ation practis$ by ! mass ( p is att5d$ ) grave risks4 ,b1 9 a crisis su* z has ov]tak5 ! ,mussalmans ( ,india1 no /ep t is unatt5d$ ) l>ge risks1 c possibly br+ ab\t ! desir$ *ange4 ,n to run "s risks n[ w be to c\rt mu* great] risks if n virtual de/ruction ( ,law & ,ord]4 ,b !re is yet an escape f non-co-op]ation4 ,! ,mussalman repres5tation has reque/$ y\r ,excell5cy to lead ! agitation y\rself1 z did y\r di/+ui%$ pr$ecessor at ! "t ( ! ,s\? ,african tr\ble4 ,b if y _c see y\r way to d s1 & non-co-op]ation becomes a dire necessity1 ,i hope t y\r ,excell5cy w give ^? :o h accept$ my advice & myself ! cr$it = be+ actuat$ by no?+ less ?an a /]n s5se ( duty4 ,i h ! hon\r to rema91 ,y\r ,excell5cy's fai?ful s]vant1 7,sd47 ,m4,k4 ,,g&hi4 ,laburnam ,road1 ,gamdevi1 ,bombay #bbnd ,june #aibj ,,! ,,premi]',s ,,reply ,! ,engli% mail has br\ght u a full & (ficial report ( ! ,premi]'s spee* :i* he rec5tly made :5 he receiv$ ! ,khilafat deputation4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's spee* is m def9ite & !re=e m disappo9t+ ?an ,h4,e4 ! ,vic]oy's reply to ! deputation "h4 ,he draws q unw>rant$ d$uctions f ! same high pr9ciples on :i* he _h bas$ 8 own pl$ge only two ye>s ago4 ,he decl>es t ,turkey mu/ pay ! p5alty ( defeat4 ,?is det]m9ation to puni% ,turkey does n become "o ^: imm$iate pr$ecessor _h1 9 ord] to appease ,muslim soldi]s1 promis$ t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t _h no designs on ,turkey & t ,8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w\ld nev] ?9k ( puni%+ ! ,sultan = ! misde$s ( ! ,turki% ,committee4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george has express$ 8 belief t ! majority ( ! population ( ,turkey did n really want to qu>rel ) ,great ,brita9 & t _! rul]s misl$ ! c\ntry4 ,9 spite ( ?is conviction & 9 spite ( ,mr4 ,asqui?'s promise1 he is out to puni% ,turkey & puni% x 9 ! "n ( ju/ice4 ,he exp\nds ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation & ju/ifies ! s*eme ( depriv+ ,turkey ( its t]ritories "o aft] ano!r4 ,:ile ju/ify+ ?is s*eme he does n exclude ev5 ,?race & ?is /rikes ! read] mo/1 because ?is v ,?race he _h m5tion$ 9 8 pl$ge z pr$om9antly ,turki%4 ,n[ we are told by him t bo? ! ,turki% c5sus & ! ,greek c5sus agree 9 po9t+ out ! ,mussulman population 9 ,?race is 9 a consid]able m9ority6 ,mr4 ,yakub ,hussa9 speak+ at ! ,madras ,khilafat conf]5ce has *all5g$ ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,! ,prime ,m9i/] cites among o!rs also ! example ( ,smyrna :]e1 he says1 we _h a mo/ c>eful inve/igation by a v imp>tial committee 9 ! :ole ( ! "q ( ,smyrna & x 0 f\nd t consid]able majority 0 non-,turki%4' ,:o w believe ! "o-sid$ imp>tial committee's inve/igations until x is disprov$ t ?\s&s ( ,musselmans h be5 murd]$ & hundr$s ( ?\s&s h be5 driv5 away f _! he>?s & homes8 ,/rangely en\gh ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george1 believes 9 ! necessity ( fre% inve/igations by a purposely appo9t$ committee 9 ,smyrna z ! mo/ au!nticat$ & up-to-date report1 :]eas he w\ld n accept ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's proposal = an imp>tial commission 9 reg>d to ,arm5ian massacre6 ,d\btful & "o-sid$ facts & figures suffice = him ev5 to conclude t ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t is incapable ( protect+ its subjects4 ,& he proce$s to sugge/ =eign int]f]5ce 9 rul+ ov] ,asia ,m9or 9 ! int]e/s ( civilization4 ,"h he cuts at ! root ( ! ,sultan's indep5d5ce4 ,?is proposal ( appropriat+ sup]vision is di/9ctly unlike ! treatm5t met$ out to o!r enemy p[]s4 ,?is detraction ( ! ,sultan's suz]a9ty is only a coroll>y ( ! ,premi]'s indiff]5ce t[>ds ! ,muslim idea ( ! ,caliphate4 ,! premi]'s inju/ice 9 treat+ ! ,turki% "q becomes grav] :5 he ?us lightly h&les ! ,khilafat "q4 ,!re _h be5 occasions :5 ! ,briti% h us$ to _! advantage ! ,muslim idea ( associat+ ! ,caliph's spiritual p[] ) temporal p[]4 ,n[ ?is v association is treat$ z a controv]sial "q by ! great /atesman4 ,w ?is raise ! reputation ( ,great ,brita9 or /a9 x8 ,c ?is be tol]at$ by ^? :o f\ght aga9/ ,turkey ) full fai? 9 ,briti% hone/y8 ,m]e receipts ( gratitude _c console ! w\nd$ ,mussalmans4 ,!re lies ! alt]native = ,engl& to *oose betwe5 two m&ates--a m&ate ov] "s ,turki% t]ritories :i* is sure to lead to *aos all ov] ! _w & a m&ate ov] ! he>ts ( ! ,muhom$ans :i* w r$eem ! pl$g$ hon\r ( ,brita94 ,! prime m9i/] has an unwise *oice4 ,?is n>r[ view regi/]s ! late/ temp]ature ( ,briti% diplomacy4 ,,! ,,mussulman ,,repres5tation ,sl[ly b surely ! ,mussulmans are prep>+ = ! battle be=e !m4 ,!y h to fight aga9/ odds t are und\bt$ly heavy b n half z heavy z ! prophet _h aga9/ him4 ,h[ (t5 did he n put 8 life 9 dang]8 ,b 8 fai? 9 ,god 0 unqu5*able4 ,he w5t =w>d ) a light he>t1 = ,god 0 on 8 side1 = he repres5t$ tru?4 ,if 8 foll[]s h half ! prophet's fai? & half 8 _s ( sacrifice1 ! odds w be pres5tly ev5 & w 9 little :ile turn aga9/ ! despoil]s ( ,turkey4 ,already ! rapacity ( ! ,allies is tell+ aga9/ !mselves4 ,france f9ds h] task difficult4 ,greece _c /oma* h] ill-gott5 ga9s4 ,& ,engl& f9ds ,mesopotamia a t\gh job4 ,! oil ( ,mosul may fe$ ! fire %e has s wantonly light$ & burn h] f+]s badly4 ,! newspap]s say ! ,arabs d n l ! pres5ce ( ! ,indian soldi]y 9 _! mid/4 ,i d n wond]4 ,!y are a fi]ce & a brave p & d n und]/& :y ,indian soldi]s %\ld f9d !mselves 9 ,mesopotamia4 ,:atev] ! fate ( non-co-op]ation1 ,i wi% t n a s+le ,indian w (f] 8 s]vices = ,mesopotamia :e!r = ! civil or ! milit>y dep>tm5t4 ,we mu/ le>n to ?9k = ourselves & be=e ent]+ ^u any employm5t f9d out :e!r !reby we may n make ourselves in/rum5ts ( inju/ice4 ,ap>t f ! "q ( ,khilafat & f ! po9t ( ab/ract ju/ice ! ,engli% h no "r to hold ,mesopotamia4 ,x is no "p ( our loyalty to help ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t 9 :at is 9 pla9 language daylight robb]y4 ,if !re=e we seek civil or milit>y employm5t 9 ,mesopotamia we d s = ! sake ( e>n+ a livelihood4 ,x is our duty to see t ! s\rce is n ta9t$4 ,x surprises me to f9d s _m p %irk+ ov] ! m5tion ( non-co-op]ation4 ,!re is no in/rum5t s clean1 s h>mless & yet s effective z non-co-op]ation4 ,judici\sly haul$ x ne$ n produce any evil consequ5ces4 ,& its int5sity w dep5d purely on ! capacity ( ! p = sacrifice4 ,! *ief ?+ is to prep>e ! atmosph]e ( non-co-op]ation4 ,we are n go+ to co-op]ate ) y 9 y\r inju/ice1 is surely ! "r & ! duty ( e intellig5t subject to say4 ,7 x n = our utt] s]vility1 helplessness & want ( confid5ce 9 ourselves1 we w\ld c]ta9ly grasp ?is clean weapon & make ! mo/ effective use ( x4 ,ev5 ! mo/ despotic gov]nm5t _c /& except = ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$ :i* cons5t is (t5 =cibly procur$ by ! despot4 ,imm$iately ! subject ceases to fe> ! despotic =ce 8 p[] is gone4 ,b ! ,briti% gov]nm5t is nev] & n[h]e entirely or laid ^u =ce4 ,x does make an hone/ attempt to secure ! goodwill ( ! gov]n$4 ,b x does n hesitate to adopt unscrupul\s means to compel ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4 ,x has n gone beyond ! ',hone/y is ! be/ policy' idea4 ,x !re=e bribes y into cons5t+ its w by aw>d+ titles1 m$als & ribbons1 by giv+ y employm5t1 by its sup]ior f9ancial ability to op5 = its employees av5ues = enri*+ !mselves & f9ally :5 ^! fail1 x resorts to =ce4 ,t is :at ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] did & t is almo/ e ,briti% adm9i/rator w c]ta9ly d if he ?\ght x necess>y4 ,if !n we w\ld n be gre$y1 if we w\ld n run aft] titles & m$als & honor>y po/s :i* d ! c\ntry no good1 half ! battle is won4 ,my advis]s are nev] tir$ ( tell+ me t ev5 if ! ,turki% peace t]ms are revis$ x w n be due to non-co-op]ation4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ to !m t non-co-op]ation has a high] purpose ?an m]e revision ( ! t]ms4 ,if ,i _c compel revision ,i mu/ at lea/ cease to support a gov]nm5t t becomes p>ty to ! usurpation4 ,& if ,i succe$ 9 pu%+ non-co-op]ation to ! extreme limit1 ,i d compel ! ,gov]nm5t to *oose betwe5 ,india & ! usurpation4 ,i h fai? en\gh 9 ,engl& to "k t at t mom5t ,engl& w expel h] pres5t jad$ m9i/]s & put 9 o!rs :o w make a clean sweep ( ! t]ms 9 consultation ) an awak5$ ,india1 draft t]ms t w be hon\rable to h]1 to ,turkey & acceptable to ,india4 ,b ,i he> my critics say ,india has n ! /r5g? ( purpose & ! capacity = ! sacrifice to a*ieve su* a noble end4 ,!y are p>tly "r4 ,india has n ^! qualities n[1 because we h n--%all we n evolve !m & infect ! nation ) !m8 ,is n ! attempt wor? mak+8 ,is my sacrifice too great to ga9 su* a great purpose8 ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,muslim ,,manife/o ,! ,khilafat repres5tation address$ to ! ,vic]oy & my lett] on ! same subject h be5 sev]ely criticis$ by ! ,anglo-,indian press4 ,! ,times ( ,india :i* g5]ally adopts an imp>tial attitude has tak5 /rong exception to c]ta9 /atem5ts made 9 ! ,muslim manife/o & has devot$ a p>agraph ( its article to an advance criticism ( my sugge/ion t ,8 ,excell5cy %\ld resign if ! peace t]ms are n revis$4 ,! ,times ( ,india excepts to ! submission t ! ,briti% ,empire may n treat ,turkey l a dep>t$ enemy4 ,! signatories h1 ,i ?9k1 suppli$ ! be/ ( reasons4 ,!y say ,we respectfully submit t 9 ! treatm5t ( ,turkey ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t are b\nd to respect ,indian ,muslim s5tim5t 9 s f> z x is nei!r unju/ nor unreasonable4 ,if ! sev5 crore ,mussulmans are p>tn]s 9 ! ,empire1 ,i submit t _! wi% mu/ be held to be all suffici5t = refra9+ f puni%+ ,turkey4 ,x is beside ! po9t to quote :at ,turkey did dur+ ! w>4 ,x has suff]$ = x4 ,! ,times inquires :]e9 ,turkey has be5 treat$ worse ?an ! o!r ,p[]s4 ,i ?\ght t ! fact 0 self-evid5t4 ,nei!r ,g]many nor ,au/ria & ,hung>y has be5 treat$ 9 ! same way t ,turkey has be54 ,! :ole ( ! ,empire has be5 r$uc$ to ! ret5tion ( a portion ( its capital1 z x 71 to mock ! ,sultan & t too has be5 done "u t]ms s humiliat+ t no self-respect+ p]son mu* less a reign+ sov]eign c possibly accept4 ,! ,times has endeav\r$ to make capital out ( ! fact t ! repres5tation does n exam9e ! reason = ,turkey n jo9+ ! ,allies4 ,well !re 0 no my/]y ab\t x4 ,! fact ( ,russia be+ "o ( ! ,allies 0 en\gh to w>n ,turkey aga9/ jo9+ !m4 ,) ,russia knock+ at ! gate at ! "t ( ! w> x 0 n an easy matt] = ,turkey to jo9 ! ,allies4 ,b ,turkey _h cause to suspect ,great ,brita9 h]self4 ,%e knew t ,engl& _h done no fri5dly turn to h] dur+ ! ,bulg>ian ,w>4 ,%e 0 h>dly well s]v$ at ! "t ( ! w> ) ,italy4 ,x 0 /ill no d\bt a bad *oice4 ,) ! ,musssalmans ( ,india awak5$ & ready to support h]1 h] /atesm5 might h reli$ ^u ,brita9 n be+ all[$ to damage ,turkey if %e _h rema9$ ) ! ,allies4 ,b ?is is all wisdom aft] ev5t4 ,turkey made a bad *oice & %e 0 puni%$ = x4 ,to humiliate h] n[ is to ignore ! ,indian ,mussulman s5tim5t4 ,brita9 may n d x & reta9 ! loyalty ( ! awak5$ ,mussulmans ( ,india4 ,= ,! ,times to say t ! peace t]ms /rictly foll[ ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation is to ?r[ du/ 9 ! eyes ( its read]s4 ,is x ! pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation t has caus$ ! cessation ( ,adrianople & ,?race to ,greece8 ,by :at pr9ciple ( self-det]m9ation has ,smyrna be5 h&$ to ,greece8 ,h ! inhabitants ( ,?race & ,smyrna ask$ = ,grecian tutelege8 ,i decl9e to believe t ! ,arabs l ! disposition t has be5 made ( !m4 ,:o is ! ,k+ ( ,h$jaj & :o is ,emir ,feisul8 ,h ! ,arabs elect$ ^! k+s & *iefs8 ,d ! ,arabs l ! ,m&ate be+ tak5 by ,engl&8 ,by ! "t ! :ole ?+ is f9i%$1 ! v "n self-det]m9ation w /9k 9 "o's no/rils4 ,already signs are n want+ to %[ t ! ,arabs1 ! ,?racians & ! ,smyrnans are res5t+ _! disposal4 ,!y may n l ,turki% rule b !y l ! pres5t arrangem5t less4 ,!y c\ld h made _! own hon\rable t]ms ) ,turkey b ^! self-det]m9+ p w n[ be held d[n by ! 'mat*less might' ( ! alli$ i4e41 ,briti% =ces4 ,brita9 _h ! /raight c\rse op5 to h] ( keep+ ! ,turki% ,empire intact & tak+ suffici5t gu>antees = good gov]nm5t4 ,b h] ,prime ,m9i/] *ose ! crook$ c\rse ( secret treaties1 duplicity & hypocritical subt]fuges4 ,!re is /ill a way out4 ,let h] treat ,india z a real p>tn]4 ,let h] call ! true repres5tatives ( ! ,mussalmans4 ,let !m g to ,arabia & ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,turki% ,empire & let h] devise a s*eme t w\ld n humiliate ,turkey1 t w\ld satisfy ! j ,muslim s5tim5t & t w secure hone/ self-det]m9ation = ! races compos+ t ,empire4 ,if x 0 ,canada1 ,au/ralia or ,s\? ,africa t _h to be placat$1 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george w\ld n h d>$ to ignore !m4 ,!y h ! p[] to sec$e4 ,india has n4 ,let him no m insult ,india by call+ h] a p>tn]1 if h] feel+s c\nt = naught4 ,i invite ,! ,times ( ,india to reconsid] its position & jo9 an hon\rable agitation 9 :i* a high-s\l$ p are seek+ no?+ b ju/ice4 ,i d ) all def]5ce /ill sugge/ t ! lea/ t ,"l ,*elms=d c d is to resign if ! sacr$ feel+s ( ,india's sons are n to be consult$ & respect$ by ! ,m9i/]s4 ,! ,times is ov]-tax+ ! con/itution :5 x sugge/s t z a con/itutional ,vic]oy x is n op5 to ,"l ,*elms=d to g aga9/ ! decision ( 8 ,maje/y's ,m9i/]s4 ,x is c]ta9ly n op5 to a ,vic]oy to reta9 (fice & oppose m9i/]ial decisions4 ,b ! con/itution does all[ a ,vic]oy to resign 8 high (fice :5 he is call$ ^u to c>ry out decisions t are immoral z ! peace t]ms are or l ^! t]ms are calculat$ to /ir to _! v dep? ! feel+s ( ^? ^: affair he is adm9i/]+ = ! "t be+4 ,,! ,,mahom$an ,,decision ,! ,khilafat meet+ at ,allahabad has unanim\sly reaffirm$ ! pr9ciple ( non-co-op]ation & appo9t$ an executive committee to lay d[n & en=ce a detail$ programme4 ,?is meet+ 0 prec$$ by a jo9t ,h9du-,mahom$an meet+ at :i* ,h9du lead]s 7 invit$ to give _! views4 ,mrs4 ,beasant1 ! ,hon'ble ,p&it ,malaviyuji1 ! ,hon'ble ,dr4 ,sapru ,motilal ,nehru ,*9tamani & o!rs 7 pres5t at ! meet+4 ,x 0 a wise /ep on ! "p ( ! ,khilafat ,committee to invite ,h9dus repres5t+ all %ades ( ?\ght to give !m ! b5efit ( _! advice4 ,mrs4 ,besant & ,dr4 ,sapru /rongly dissuad$ ! ,mahom$ans pres5t f ! policy ( non-co-op]ation4 ,! o!r ,h9du speak]s made non-committal spee*es4 ,:il/ ! o!r ,h9du speak]s approv$ ( ! pr9ciple ( non-co-op]ation 9 !ory1 !y saw _m practical difficulties & !y fe>$ also complications aris+ f ,mahom$ans welcom+ an ,afghan invasion ( ,india4 ,! ,mahom$an speak]s gave ! fulle/ & franke/ assurances t !y w\ld fight to a man any invad] :o want$ to conqu] ,india1 b 7 equally frank 9 ass]t+ t any invasion f )\t und]tak5 ) a view to uphold ! pre/ige ( ,islam & to v9dicate ju/ice w\ld h _! full sympa?y if n _! actual support4 ,x is easy en\gh to und]/& & ju/ify ! ,h9du caution4 ,x is difficult to resi/ ,mahom$an position4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! be/ way to prev5t ,india f becom+ ! battle gr\nd betwe5 ! =ces ( ,islam & ^? ( ! ,engli% is = ,h9dus to make non-co-op]ation a complete & imm$iate success1 & ,i h little d\bt t if ! ,mahom$ans rema9 true to _! decl>$ int5tion & are able to ex]cise self-re/ra9t1 & make sacrifices ! ,h9dus w play ! game & jo9 !m 9 ! campaign ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i feel equally c]ta9 t ! ,h9dus w n assi/ ,mahom$ans 9 promot+ or br++ ab\t an arm$ conflict betwe5 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t & _! allies1 & ,afghani/an4 ,briti% =ces are too well organis$ to admit ( any successful invasion ( ! ,indian fronti]4 ,! only way1 !re=e1 ! ,mahom$ans c c>ry on an effective /ruggle on behalf ( ! hon\r ( ,islam is to take up non-co-op]ation 9 real e>ne/4 ,x w n only be completely effective if x is adopt$ by ! p on an ext5sive scale1 b x w also provide full scope = individual consci5ce4 ,if ,i _c be> an inju/ice done by an individual or a corporation1 & if ,i am directly or indirectly in/rum5tal 9 uphold+ t individual or corporation1 ,i mu/ answ] = x be=e my ,mak]1 b ,i h done all x is humanly possible = me to d consi/5tly ) ! moral code t refuses to injure ev5 ! wrong-do]1 if ,i cease to support ! inju/ice 9 ! mann] describ$ above4 ,9 apply+ !re=e su* a great =ce !re %\ld be no ha/e1 !re %\ld be no temp] %[n4 ,non-co-op]ation mu/ be & rema9 absolutely a volunt>y ef=t4 ,! :ole ?+ !n dep5ds ^u ,mahom$ans !mselves4 ,if !y w b help !mselves ,h9du help w come & ! ,gov]nm5t1 great & mighty ?\gh x is1 w h to b5d be=e ?is irresi/ible =ce4 ,no ,gov]nm5t c possibly )/& ! bloodless opposition ( a :ole nation4 ,,mr4 ,,&rews' ,,difficulty ,mr4 ,&rews ^: love = ,india is equall$ only by 8 love = ,engl& & ^: mission 9 life is to s]ve ,god1 i4e41 humanity ?r\gh ,india1 has contribut$ rem>kable articles to ! ',bombay ,*ronicle' on ! ,khilafat movem5t4 ,he has n sp>$ ,engl&1 ,france or ,italy4 ,he has %[n h[ ,turkey has be5 mo/ unju/ly dealt ) & h[ ! ,prime ,m9i/]'s pl$ge has be5 brok54 ,he has devot$ ! la/ article to an exam9ation ( ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's lett] to ! ,sultan & has come to ! conclusion t ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's /atem5t ( claim is at v>iance ) ! claim set =? 9 ! late/ ,khilafat repres5tation to ! ,vic]oy :i* he :olly approves4 ,mr4 ,&rews & ,i h discuss$ ! "q z fully z x 0 possible4 ,he ask$ me publicly to def9e my own position m fully ?an ,i h done4 ,8 sole object 9 invit+ discussion is to give /r5g? to a cause :i* he holds z intr9sically j1 & to ga!r r\nd x ! be/ op9ion ( ,europe s t ! alli$ p[]s & especially ,engl& may = v %ame be oblig$ to revise ! t]ms4 ,i gladly respond to ,mr4 ,&rew's invitation4 ,i %\ld cle> ! gr\nd by /at+ t ,i reject any religi\s doctr9e t does n appeal to reason & is 9 conflict ) morality4 ,i tol]ate unreasonable religi\s s5tim5t :5 x is n immoral4 ,i hold ! ,khilafat claim to be bo? j & reasonable & !re=e x d]ives great] =ce because x has beh9d x ! religi\s s5tim5t ( ! ,mussalman _w4 ,9 my op9ion ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's /atem5t is unexceptionable4 ,x is no d\bt clo!d 9 diplomatic language4 ,b ,i am n prep>$ to qu>rel ) ! language s long z x is s\nd 9 sub/ance4 ,mr4 ,&rews consid]s t ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali's language goes to %[ t he w\ld resi/ ,arm5ian indep5d5ce aga9/ ! ,arm5ians & ! ,arabian aga9/ ! ,arabs4 ,i atta* no su* mean+ to x4 ,:at he1 ! :ole ( ,mussalmans & !re=e ,i ?9k also ! ,h9dus resi/ is ! %ameless attempt ( ,engl& & ! o!r ,p[]s "u cov] ( self-det]m9ation to emasculate & dismemb] ,turkey4 ,if ,i und]/& ! _s ( ,islam prop]ly1 x is ess5tially republican 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,!re=e if ,arm5ia or ,arabia desir$ indep5d5ce ( ,turkey !y %\ld h x4 ,9 ! case ( ,arabia1 complete ,arabian indep5d5ce w\ld mean transf]5ce ( ! ,khilafat to an ,arab *iefta94 ,arabia 9 t s5se is a ,mussulman tru/1 n purely ,arabian4 ,& ! ,arabs )\t ceas+ to be ,mussulman1 c\ld n hold ,arabia aga9/ ,muslim op9ion4 ,! ,khalifa mu/ be ! cu/odian ( ! ,holy places & !re=e also ! r\tes to !m4 ,he mu/ be able to def5d !m aga9/ ! :ole _w4 ,& if an ,arab *ief arose :o c\ld bett] satisfy t te/ ?an ! ,sultan ( ,turkey1 ,i h no d\bt t he w\ld be recognis$ z ! ,khalifa4 ,i h ?us discuss$ ! "q academically4 ,! fact is t nei!r ! ,mussulmans nor ! ,h9dus believe 9 ! ,engli% ,m9i/]ial ^w4 ,!y d n believe t ! ,arabs or ! ,arm5ians want complete indep5d5ce ( ,turkey4 ,t !y want self-gov]nm5t is beyond d\bt4 ,nobody disputes t claim4 ,b nobody has ev] asc]ta9$ t ei!r ! ,arabs or ! ,arm5ians desire to d away ) all connection1 ev5 nom9al1 ) ,turkey4 ,! solution ( ! "q lies n 9 our academic discussion ( ! ideal position1 x lies 9 an hone/ appo9tm5t ( a mix$ commission ( absolutely indep5d5t ,indian ,mussulmans & ,h9dus & indep5d5t ,europeans to inve/igate ! real wi% ( ! ,arm5ians & ! ,arabs & !n to come to a modus viv5di :]e by ! claims ( ! nationality & ^? ( ,islam may be adju/$ & satisfi$4 ,x is common k t ,smyrna & ,?race includ+ ,adrianople h be5 di%one/ly tak5 away f ,turkey & t m&ates h be5 unscrupul\sly e/abli%$ 9 ,syria & ,mesopotamia & a ,briti% nom9ee has be5 set up 9 ,h$jaj "u ! protection ( ,briti% guns4 ,?is is a position t is intol]able & unju/4 ,ap>t !re=e f ! que/ions ( ,arm5ia & ,arabia1 ! di%one/y & hypocrisy t pollute ! peace t]ms require to be in/antane\sly remov$4 ,x paves ! way to an equitable solution ( ! "q ( ,arm5ian & ,arabian indep5d5ce :i* 9 !ory no "o d5ies & :i* 9 practice may be easily gu>ante$ if only ! wi%es ( ! p conc]n$ c\ld ) any degree ( c]ta9ty be asc]ta9$4 ,,! ,,khilafat ,,agitation ,a fri5d :o has be5 li/5+ to my spee*es once ask$ me :e!r ,i did n come "u ! s$ition section ( ! ,indian ,p5al ,code4 ,?\gh ,i _h n fully consid]$ x1 ,i told him t v probably ,i did & t ,i c\ld n plead 'n guilty' if ,i 0 *>g$ "u x4 ,= ,i mu/ admit t ,i c pret5d to no 'affection' = ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t4 ,& my spee*es are int5d$ to create 'dis-affection' su* t ! p might consid] x a %ame to assi/ or co-op]ate ) a ,gov]nm5t t _h =feit$ all title to confid5ce1 respect or support4 ,i draw no di/9ction betwe5 ! ,imp]ial & ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t4 ,! latt] has accept$1 on ! ,khilafat1 ! policy impos$ ^u x by ! =m]4 ,& 9 ! ,punjab case ! =m] has endors$ ! policy ( t]rorism & emasculation ( a brave p initiat$ by ! latt]4 ,briti% m9i/]s h brok5 _! pl$g$ ^w & wantonly w\nd$ ! feel+s ( ! sev5ty million ,mussulmans ( ,india4 ,innoc5t m5 & wom5 7 insult$ by ! insol5t (fic]s ( ! ,punjab ,gov]nm5t4 ,_! wrongs n only rema9 unright$ b ! v (fic]s :o s cruelly subject$ !m to b>b>\s humiliation reta9 (fice "u ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,:5 at ,amrits> la/ ye> ,i plead$ ) all ! e>ne/ness ,i c\ld comm& = co-op]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t & = response to ! wi%es express$ 9 ! ,royal ,proclamation4 ,i did s because ,i hone/ly believ$ t1 a new era 0 ab\t to beg91 & t ! old _s ( fe>1 di/ru/ & consequ5t t]rorism 0 ab\t to give place to ! new _s ( respect1 tru/ & goodwill4 ,i s9c]ely believ$ t ! ,mussulman s5tim5t w\ld be placat$ & t ! (fic]s t _h misbehav$ dur+ ! ,m>tial ,law regime 9 ! ,punjab w\ld be at lea/ dismiss$ & ! p w\ld be o!rwise made to feel t a ,gov]nm5t t _h always be5 f\nd quick 7& mighty7 to puni% popul> excesses w\ld n fail to puni% its ag5ts' misde$s4 ,b to my amazem5t & dismay ,i h discov]$ t ! pres5t repres5tatives ( ! ,empire h become di%one/ & unscrupul\s4 ,!y h no real reg>d = ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,india & !y c\nt ,indian hon\r z ( little consequ5ce4 ,i c no long] reta9 affection = a ,gov]nm5t s evilly mann$ z x is n[-a-days4 ,& = me1 x is humiliat+ to reta9 my fre$om & be witness to ! cont9u+ wrong4 ,mr4 ,montagu h[ev] is c]ta9ly "r 9 ?reat5+ me ) deprivation ( my lib]ty if ,i p]si/ 9 endang]+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,= t mu/ be ! result if my activity be>s fruit4 ,my only regret is t inasmu* z ,mr4 ,montagu admits my pa/ s]vices1 he might h p]ceiv$ t !re mu/ be some?+ exceptionally bad 9 ! ,gov]nm5t if a well-wi%] l me c\ld no long] give 8 affection to x4 ,x 0 simpl] to insi/ on ju/ice be+ done to ! ,mussalmans & to ! ,punjab ?an to ?reat5 me ) puni%m5t s t ! inju/ice might be p]petuat$4 ,inde$ ,i fully expect x w be f\nd t ev5 9 promot+ disaffection t[>ds an unju/ ,gov]nm5t ,i _h r5d]$ great] s]vices to ! ,empire ?an ,i am already cr$it$ )4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 h[ev]1 ! duty ( ^? :o approve my activity is cle>4 ,!y ought on no acc\nt to res5t ! deprivation ( my lib]ty1 %\ld ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india deem x to be _! duty to take x away4 ,a citiz5 has no "r to resi/ su* re/riction impos$ 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ! ,/ate to :i* he belongs4 ,mu* less h ^? :o sympa?ise ) him4 ,9 my case !re c be no "q ( sympa?y4 ,= ,i delib]ately oppose ! ,gov]nm5t to ! ext5t ( try+ to put its v exi/5ce 9 jeop>dy4 ,= my support]s1 !re=e1 x mu/ be a mom5t ( joy :5 ,i am imprison$4 ,x means ! beg9n+ ( success if only ! support]s cont9ue ! policy = :i* ,i /&4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t arre/ me1 !y w\ld d s 9 ord] to /op ! progress ( ,non-co-op]ation :i* ,i prea*4 ,x foll[s t if ,non-co-op]ation cont9ues ) unabat$ vig\r1 ev5 aft] my arre/1 ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ imprison o!rs or grant ! p's wi% 9 ord] to ga9 _! co-op]ation4 ,any eruption ( viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p ev5 "u provocation w\ld end 9 disa/]4 ,:e!r !re=e x is ,i or any "o else :o is arre/$ dur+ ! campaign1 ! fir/ condition ( success is t !re mu/ be no res5tm5t %[n aga9/ x4 ,we _c imp]il ! v exi/5ce ( a ,gov]nm5t & qu>rel ) its attempt to save itself by puni%+ ^? :o place x 9 dang]4 ,,hij>at ,,& ,,its ,,mean+ ,india is a cont95t4 ,its articulate ?\s&s "k :at its in>ticulate millions are do+ or ?9k+4 ,! ,gov]nm5t & ! educat$ ,indians may ?9k t ! ,khilafat movem5t is m]ely a pass+ phase4 ,! millions ( ,mussalmans ?9k o!rwise4 ,! flight ( ! ,mussalmans is gr[+ apace4 ,! newspap]s conta9 p>agraphs 9 out ( ! way corn]s in=m+ ! read]s t a special tra9 conta9+ a b>ri/] ) sixty wom51 =ty *ildr5 includ+ tw5ty suckl+s1 all told #gfe1 h left = ,afghani/an4 ,!y 7 *e]$ en r\te4 ,!y 7 pres5t$ ) ca%1 edibles & o!r ?+s1 & 7 jo9$ by m ,muhaj>9s on ! way4 ,no fanatical prea*+ by ,%aukatali c make p break up & leave _! homes = an unkn[n l&4 ,!re mu/ be an abid+ fai? 9 !m4 ,t x is bett] = !m to leave a ,/ate :i* has no reg>d = _! religi\s s5tim5t & face a begg>'s life ?an to rema9 9 x ev5 ?\gh x may be 9 a pr9cely mann]4 ,no?+ b pride ( p[] c bl9d ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to ! sc5e t is be+ enact$ be=e x4 ,b !re is yet ano!r side to ! movem5t4 ,"h are ! facts z /at$ 9 ! foll[+ ,gov]nm5t ,communique dat$ #aj? ,july #aibj3-- ,an un=tunate affair 9 connection ) ! ,mahaj>9 occurr$ on ! #h? in/ant at ,ka*a ,g>hi betwe5 ,pe%aw> & ,jamrud4 ,! foll[+ are ! facts z at pres5t report$4 ,two memb]s ( a p>ty ( ! ,mahaj>9s proce$+ by tra9 to ,jamrud 7 detect$ by ! ,briti% milit>y police travell+ )\t tickets4 ,alt]cation ensu$ at ,islamia ,college ,/ation1 b ! tra9 proce$$ to ,ka*a ,g>hi4 ,an attempt 0 made to evict ^! ,mahaj>9s1 :]eupon ! milit>y police 7 attack$ by a cr[d ( "s =ty ,mahaj>9s & ! ,briti% (fic] :o int]v5$ 0 s]i\sly w\nd$ ) a spade4 ,a deta*m5t ( ,indian troops at ,ka*a ,g>hi !reupon fir$ two or ?ree %ots at ! ,mahaj>9 = mak+ murd]\s assault on ! ,briti% (fic]4 ,"o ,mahaj>9 0 kill$ & "o w\nd$ & ?ree arre/$4 ,bo? ! milit>y & ! police 7 injur$4 ,! body ( ! ,mahaj>9 0 despat*$ to ,pe%aw> & buri$ on ! morn+ ( ! #i?4 ,?is incid5t has caus$ consid]able excitem5t 9 ,pe%aw> ,city1 & ! ,khilafat ,hijrat ,committee are ex]cis+ re/ra9+ influ5ce4 ,%ops 7 clos$ on ! morn+ ( ! #i?4 ,a full enquiry has be5 in/itut$4 ,n[ ,pe%aw> to ,jamrud is a matt] ( a few miles4 ,x 0 cle>ly ! duty ( ! milit>y n to attempt to pull out ! ticketless ,mahaj>9s = ! sake ( a few annas4 ,b !y actually attempt$ =ce4 ,int]v5tion by ! re/ ( ! p>ty 0 a =egone conclusion4 ,an alt]cation ensu$4 ,a ,briti% (fic] 0 attack$ ) a spade4 ,fir+ & a dea? ( a ,mahaj>9 0 ! result4 ,has ,briti% pre/ige be5 enhanc$ by ! episode8 ,:y h n ! ,gov]nm5t put tactful (fic]s 9 *>ge at ! fronti]1 :il/ a great religi\s emigration is 9 progress8 ,! action ( ! milit>y w pass f tongue to tongue ?r\gh\t ,india & ! ,mussalman _w ar\nd1 w n d\bt be unconsci\sly & ev5 consci\sly exagg]at$ 9 ! passage & ! feel+ bitt] z x already is w gr[ 9 bitt]ness4 ,! ,communique says t ! ,gov]nm5t are mak+ fur!r inquiry4 ,let u hope t x w be full & t bett] arrangem5ts w be made to prev5t a repetition ( :at appe>s to h be5 a ?\ghtless act on ! "p ( ! milit>y4 ,& may ,i draw ! att5tion ( ^? :o are oppos+ non-co-op]ation t unless !y f9d out a sub/itute !y %\ld ei!r jo9 ! non-co-op]ation movem5t or prep>e to face a disorganis$ subt]ranean upheaval ^: effect no "o c =esee & ^: spread x w\ld be impossible to *eck or regulate8 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,punjab ,,wrongs ,,political ,,freemasonry ,freemasonry is a secret bro!rhood :i* has m by its secret & iron rules ?an by its s]vice to humanity obta9$ a hold ^u "s ( ! be/ m9ds4 ,simil>ly !re seems to be "s secret code ( conduct gov]n+ ! (ficial class 9 ,india be=e :i* ! fl[] ( ! great ,briti% nation fall pro/rate & unconsci\sly become in/rum5ts ( inju/ice :i* z private individuals !y w\ld be a%am$ ( p]petrat+4 ,9 no o!r way is x possible = "o to und]/& ! majority report ( ! ,hunt] ,committee1 ! despat* ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 & ! reply !reto ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india4 ,9 spite ( ! en]getic prote/s ( a section ( ! ,press to ! p]sonnel ( ! committee1 x might be said t on ! :ole ! public 7 prep>$ to tru/ x especially z x conta9$ ?ree ,indian memb]s :o c\ld fairly be claim$ to be indep5d5t4 ,! fir/ rude %ock to ?is confid5ce 0 deliv]$ by ! refusal ( ,"l ,hunt]'s ,committee to accept ! v mod]ate & reasonable dem& ( ! ,congress ,committee t ! imprison$ ,punjab lead]s might be all[$ to appe> be=e x to in/ruct ,c\nsel4 ,any d\bt t might h be5 left 9 ! m9d ( any p]son has be5 dispell$ by ! report ( ! majority ( t committee4 ,! result has ju/ifi$ ! attitude ( ! ,congress ,committee4 ,! evid5ce collect$ by x %[s :at "l ,hunt]'s ,committee purposely d5i$ itself4 ,! m9ority report /&s out l an oasis 9 a des]t4 ,! ,indian memb]s des]ve ! congratulation ( _! c\ntrym5 = hav+ d>$ to d _! duty 9 ! face ( heavy odds4 ,i wi% t !y _h refus$ to associate !mselves ev5 9 a modifi$ mann] ) ! condemnation ( ! civil disob$i5ce =m ( ,satyagraha4 ,! defiant _s ( ! ,delhi mob on ! #cj? ,m>* #aiai c h>dly be us$ = condemn+ a great spiritual movem5t :i* is admitt$ly & manife/ly int5d$ to re/ra9 ! viol5t t5d5cies ( mobs & to replace crim9al lawlessness by civil disob$i5ce ( au?ority1 :5 x has =feit$ all title to respect4 ,on ! #cj? ,m>* civil disob$i5ce _h n ev5 be5 />t$4 ,almo/ e great popul> demon/ration has be5 hi!rto att5d$ all ! _w ov] by a c]ta9 am\nt ( lawlessness4 ,! demon/ration ( #cj? ,m>* & #f? ,april c\ld h be5 held "u any o!r aegis u "u t ( ,satyagrah4 ,i hold t )\t ! adv5t ( ! _s ( civility & ord]l9ess ! disob$i5ce w\ld h tak5 a mu* m viol5t =m ?an x did ev5 at ,delhi4 ,x 0 only ! wond]fully quick acceptance by ! p ( ! pr9ciple ( ,satyagrah t effectively *eck$ ! spread ( viol5ce ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,india4 ,& ev5 to-day x is n ! memory ( ! black b>b>ity ( ,g5]al ,dy] t is keep+ ! und\bt$ re/lessness among ! p f break+ =? into viol5ce4 ,! hold t ,satyagrah has ga9$ on ! p--x may be ev5 aga9/ _! w--is curb+ ! =ces ( disord] & viol5ce4 ,b ,i mu/ n deta9 ! read] on a def5ce ( ,satyagrah aga9/ unju/ attacks4 ,if x has ga9$ a foo?old 9 ,india1 x w survive mu* fi]c] attacks ?an ! "o made by ! majority ( ! ,hunt] ,committee & some:at support$ by ! m9ority4 ,_h ! majority report be5 defective only 9 ?is direction & correct 9 e o!r !re w\ld h be5 no?+ b praise = x4 ,aft] all ,satyagrah is a new exp]im5t 9 political field4 ,& a ha/y attribut+ to x ( any popul> disord] w\ld h be5 p>donable4 ,! univ]sally pron\nc$ adv]se judgm5t ^u ! report & ! despat*es re/s ^u f> m pa9ful revelations4 ,look at ! manife/ly lab\r$ def5ce ( e (ficial act ( inhumanity except :]e condemnation c\ld n be avoid$ ?r\gh ! impud5t admissions made by ! actors !mselves2 look at ! special plead+ introduc$ to def5d ,g5]al ,dy] ev5 aga9/ himself2 look at ! va9 glorification ( ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] al?\gh x 0 8 _s t actuat$ e act ( crim9ality on ! "p ( ! subord9ates2 look at ! delib]ate refusal to exam9e 8 wild c>e] be=e ! ev5ts ( ,april4 ,8 acts 7 an op5 book ( :i* ! committee ought to h tak5 judicial notices4 ,in/ead ( accept+ ev]y?+ t ! (ficials _h to say1 ! ,committee's obvi\s duty 0 to tax itself to f9d out ! real cause ( ! disord]s4 ,x ought to h gone out ( its way to se>* out ! inw>dness ( ! ev5ts4 ,in/ead ( pati5tly go+ beh9d ! h>d cru/ ( (ficial docum5ts1 ! ,committee all[$ itself to be guid$ ) crim9al laz9ess by m]e (ficial evid5ce4 ,! report & ! despat*es1 9 my humble op9ion1 con/itute an attempt to condone (ficial lawlessness4 ,! cauti\s & half-he>t$ condemnation pron\nc$ ^u ,g5]al ,dy]'s massacre & ! notori\s crawl+ ord] only deep5s ! disappo9tm5t ( ! read] z he goes ?r\gh page aft] page ( ?9ly disguis$ (ficial :itewa%4 ,i ne$1 h[ev]1 sc>cely attempt any elaborate exam9ation ( ! report or ! despat*es :i* h be5 s ju/ly c5sur$ by ! :ole national press :e!r ( ! mod]ate or ! extremi/ hue4 ,! po9t to consid] is h[ to break d[n ?is secret--be ! secrecy ov] s unconsci\s--conspiracy to uphold (ficial iniquity4 ,a sc&al ( ?is magnitude _c be tol]at$ by ! nation1 if x is to pres]ve its self-respect & become a free p>tn] 9 ! ,empire4 ,! ,all-,india ,congress ,committee has resolv$ ^u conv5+ a special session ( ! ,congress = ! purpose ( consid]+1 among o!r ?+s1 ! situation aris+ f ! report4 ,9 my op9ion ! "t has arriv$ :5 we mu/ cease to rely ^u m]e petition to ,p>liam5t = effective action4 ,petitions w h value1 :5 ! nation has beh9d x ! p[] to en=ce its w4 ,:at p[] !n h we8 ,:5 we are firmly ( op9ion t grave wrong has be5 done u & :5 aft] an appeal to ! highe/ au?ority we fail to secure r$ress1 !re mu/ be "s p[] available to u = undo+ ! wrong4 ,x is true t 9 ! va/ majority ( cases x is ! duty ( a subject to submit to wrongs on failure ( ! usual proc$ure1 s long z !y d n affect 8 vital be+4 ,b e nation & e individual has ! "r & x is _! duty1 to rise aga9/ an intol]able wrong4 ,i d n believe 9 arm$ ris+s4 ,!y are a rem$y worse ?an ! disease s\ght to be cur$4 ,!y are a tok5 ( ! _s ( rev5ge & impati5ce & ang]4 ,! me?od ( viol5ce _c d good 9 ! long run4 ,witness ! effect ( ! arm$ ris+ ( ! alli$ p[]s aga9/ ,g]many4 ,h !y n become ev5 l ! ,g]mans1 z ! latt] h be5 depict$ to u by !m8 ,we h a bett] me?od4 ,unlike t ( viol5ce x c]ta9ly involves ! ex]cise ( re/ra9t & pati5ce3 b x requires also resolut5ess ( w4 ,?is me?od is to refuse to be p>ty to ! wrong4 ,no tyrant has ev] yet succe$$ 9 8 purpose )\t c>ry+ ! victim ) him1 x may be1 z x (t5 is1 by =ce4 ,mo/ p *oose r to yield to ! w ( ! tyrant ?an to suff] = ! consequ5ces ( resi/ance4 ,h5ce does t]rorism =m "p ( ! /ock-9-trade ( ! tyrant4 ,b we h in/ances 9 hi/ory :]e t]rorism has fail$ to impose ! t]rori/'s w ^u 8 victim4 ,india has ! *oice be=e h] n[4 ,if !n ! acts ( ! ,punjab ,gov]nm5t be an insuff]able wrong1 if ! report ( ,"l ,hunt]'s ,committee & ! two despat*es be a great] wrong by reason ( _! griev\s condonation ( ^? acts1 x is cle> t we mu/ refuse to submit to ?is (ficial viol5ce4 ,appeal ! ,p>liam5t by all means1 if necess>y1 b if ! ,p>liam5t fails u & if we are wor?y to call ourselves a nation1 we mu/ refuse to uphold ! ,gov]nm5t by )draw+ co-op]ation f x4 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,! ,,punjabee ,! ,allahabad ,lead] des]ves to be congratulat$ = publi%+ ! correspond5ce on ,mr4 ,boswor? ,smi? :o 0 "o ( ! ,m>tial ,law (fic]s aga9/ :om ! compla9ts ab\t p]si/5t & cont9u\s ill-treatm5t 7 among ! bitt]e/4 ,x appe>s f ! correspond5ce t ,mr4 ,boswor? ,smi? has receiv$ promotion in/ead ( dismissal4 ,sometime be=e ,m>tial ,law ,mr4 ,smi? appe>s to h be5 degrad$4 ,he has s9ce be5 re/or$1 says ! ,lead] correspond5t1 to 8 position ( a ,deputy ,commission] ( ! second grade f :i* he 0 degrad$ & also be5 inve/$ ) p[] "u section #cj ( ! ,crim9al ,proc$ure ,code4 ,s9ce 8 arrival1 ! poor ,indian population ( ! t[n ( ,amhala ,cantonm5t has be5 liv+ "u a regime ( horror & tyranny4 ,! correspond5t adds3 ,i use bo? ^! words delib]ately = convey+ precisely :at !y mean4 ,i cull a few passage f ?is illum9at+ lett] to illu/rate ! mean+ ( horror & tyranny4 ,9 private compla9ts he nev] takes ! /atem5t ( ! compla9ant4 ,x is tak5 d[n by ! read] :5 ! c\rt rises & got sign$ by ! magi/rate ! foll[+ day4 ,:e!r ! report receiv$ 7^u su* compla9ts7 is fav\rable to ! compla9ant or unfav\rable to him1 x is nev] ready by ! magi/rate1 & compla9ts are dismiss$ )\t prop] trial4 ,?is is ! fate ( private compla9ts4 ,n[ z reg>ds police *ellans4 ,plead]s = ! accus$ are n all[$ to int]view "u trial prison]s 9 police cu/ody4 ,!y are n all[$ to cross-exam9e prosecution witnesses4444 ,prosecution witnesses are exam9$ ) lead+ que/ions4444 ,?us a :ole prosecution /ory is put into ! m\? ( police1 witnesses = ! def5ce ?\gh call$ 9 are n all[$ to be exam9$ by ! def5ce c\nsel4444 ,! accus$ is sil5c$ if he picks up c\rage to say any?+ 9 def5ce4444 ,any ,cantonm5t s]vant c write d[n ! "n ( any citiz5 ( ! ,cantonm5t on a *it ( pap] & ask him to appe> ! next day 9 c\rt4 ,?is is a summons4444 ,if any "o does n appe> 9 c\rt :o is ?us ord]$1 crim9al w>rants ( arre/ are issu$ aga9/ him4 ,!re is mu* m ( ?is /yle 9 ! lett] :i* is wor? produc+1 b ,i h giv5 en\gh to illu/rate ! writ]'s mean+4 ,let me turn = a :ile to ?is (ficial's record dur+ ,m>tial ,law4 ,he is ! (ficial :o tri$ p 9 bat*es & convict$ !m aft] a f>cical trial4 ,witnesses h depos$ to 8 hav+ assembl$ p1 hav+ ask$ !m to give false evid5ce1 hav+ remov$ wom5's veils1 call$ !m 'flies1 bit*es1 %e-asses' & hav+ spat ^u !m4 ,he x 0 :o subject$ ! innoc5t plead]s ( ,%okhupura indescribable p]secution4 ,mr4 ,&rews p]sonally inve/igat$ compla9ts aga9/ ?is (ficial & came to ! conclusion t no (ficial _h behav$ worse ?an ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,he ga!r$ ! p ( ,%okhupura1 humiliat$ !m 9 a v>iety ( ways1 call$ !m 'suv>log1' 'g&i mukkhi4' ,8 evid5ce be=e ! ,hunt] ,commission betrays 8 total disreg>d = tru? & ?is is ! (fic] :o1 if ! correspond5t 9 "q has giv5 correct facts1 has be5 promot$4 ,! "q h[ev] is :y1 he is at all 9 ,gov]nm5t s]vice & :y he has n be5 tri$ = assault+ & abus+ innoc5t m5 & wom54 ,i notice a desire = ! impea*m5t ( ,g5]al ,dy] & ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy]4 ,i w n /op to exam9e :e!r ! c\rse is feasible4 ,i 0 sorry to f9d ,mr4 ,%a/ri> jo9+ ?is cry = ! prosecution ( ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,if ! ,engli% p w will+ly d s1 ,i w\ld welcome su* prosecution z a sign ( _! /rong disapproval ( ! ,jallianwalla ,bagh atrocity1 b ,i w\ld c]ta9ly n sp5d a s+le f>?+ 9 a va9 pursuit aft] ! conviction ( ?is man4 ,surely ! public has receiv$ suffici5t exp]i5ce ( ! ,engli% m9d4 ,practically ! :ole ,engli% ,press has jo9$ ! conspiracy to scre5 ^! (f5d]s aga9/ humanity4 ,i w\ld n be p>ty to make h]oes ( !m by jo9+ ! cry = prosecution private or public4 ,if ,i c only p]suade ,india to insi/ ^u _! complete dismissal1 ,i %\ld be satisfi$4 ,b m ?an ! dismissal1 ( ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] & ,g5]al ,dy]1 is necess>y ! p]emptory dismissal1 if n a trial1 ( ,colonel ,o',bri51 ,mr4 ,boswor? ,smi?1 ,rai ,%ri ,ram & o!rs m5tion$ 9 ! ,congress ,sub-,committee's ,report4 ,bad z ,g5]al ,dy] is ,i consid] ,mr4 ,smi? to be inf9itely worse & 8 crimes to be f> m s]i\s ?an ! massacre ( ,jallianwalla ,bugh4 ,g5]al ,dy] s9c]ely believ$ t x 0 a soldi]ly act to t]rorise p by %oot+ !m4 ,b ,mr4 ,smi? 0 wantonly cruel1 vulg> & debas$4 ,if all ! facts t h be5 depos$ to aga9/ him are true1 !re is n a sp>k ( humanity ab\t him4 ,unlike ,g5]al ,dy] he lacks ! c\rage to confirm :at he has done & he wriggles :5 *all5g$4 ,?is (fic] rema9s free to inflict himself ^u p :o h done no wrong to him1 & :o is p]mitt$ to disgrace ! rule he repres5ts = ! "t be+4 ,:at is ! ,punjab do+8 ,is x n ! duty ( ! ,punjabis n to re/ until !y h secur$ ! dismissal ( ,mr4 ,smi? & ! l8 ,! ,punjab lead]s h be5 dis*>g$ 9 va9 if !y w n utilise ! lib]ty !y h receiv$1 9 ord] to purge ! adm9i/ration ( ,messrs4 ,boswor? ,smi? & ,company4 ,i am sure t if !y w only beg9 a det]m9$ agitation !y w h ! :ole ,india by _! side4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ to !m t ! be/ way to qualify = s5d+ ,g5]al ,dy] to ! gall[s is to p]=m ! easi] & ! m urg5t duty ( arre/+ ! mis*ief /ill cont9u$ by ! (ficials aga9/ :om !y h assi/$ 9 collect+ ov]:elm+ evid5ce4 ,,g5]al ,,dy] ,! ,army ,c\ncil has f\nd ,g5]al ,dy] guilty ( error ( judgm5t & advis$ t he %\ld n receive any (fice "u ! ,cr[n4 ,mr4 ,montagu has be5 unsp>+ 9 8 criticism ( ,g5]al ,dy]'s conduct4 ,& yet someh[ or o!r ,i _c help feel+ t ,g5]al ,dy] is by no means ! wor/ (f5d]4 ,8 brutality is unmi/akable4 ,8 abject & unsoldi]-l c[>dice is app>5t 9 e l9e ( 8 amaz+ def5ce be=e ! ,army ,c\ncil4 ,he has call$ an un>m$ cr[d ( m5 & *ildr5--mo/ly holiday-mak]s--'a rebel army4' ,he believes himself to be ! savi\r ( ! ,punjab 9 t he 0 able to %oot d[n l rabbits m5 :o 7 p5n$ 9 an inclosure4 ,su* a man is unwor?y ( be+ consid]$ a soldi]4 ,!re 0 no brav]y 9 8 action4 ,he ran no risk4 ,he %ot )\t ! slighte/ opposition & )\t w>n+4 ,?is is n an 'error ( judgem5t4' ,x is p>alysis ( x 9 ! face ( fanci$ dang]4 ,x is pro( ( crim9al incapacity & he>tlessness4 ,b ! fury t has be5 sp5t ^u ,g5]al ,dy] is1 ,i am sure1 l>gely misdirect$4 ,no d\bt ! %oot+ 0 'frightful1' ! loss ( innoc5t life deplorable4 ,b ! sl[ torture1 degradation & emasculation t foll[$ 0 mu* worse1 m calculat$1 malici\s & s\l-kill+1 & ! actors :o p]=m$ ! de$s des]ve great] condemnation t ,g5]al ,dy] = ! ,jallianwalla ,bagh massacre4 ,! latt] m]ely de/roy$ a few bodies b ! o!rs tri$ to kill ! s\l ( a nation4 ,:o ev] talks ( ,col4 ,frank ,johnson :o 0 by f> ! wor/ (f5d]8 ,he t]roris$ guiltless ,lahore1 & by 8 m]ciless ord]s set ! tone to ! :ole ( ! ,m>tial ,law (fic]s4 ,b :at ,i am conc]n$ ) is n ev5 ,col4 ,johnson4 ,! fir/ bus9ess ( ! p ( ! ,punjab & ( ,india is to rid ! s]vice ( ,col ,o',bri51 ,mr4 ,boswor? ,smi?1 ,rai ,%ri ,ram & ,mr4 ,malik ,khan4 ,!y are /ill reta9$ 9 ! s]vice4 ,_! guilt is z mu* prov$ z t ( ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,we %all h fail$ 9 our duty if ! condemnation pron\nc$ ^u ,g5]al ,dy] produces a s5se ( satisfaction & ! obvi\s duty ( purg+ ! adm9i/ration 9 ! ,punjab is neglect$4 ,t task w n be p]=m$ by plat=m rhetoric or resolutions m]ely4 ,/]n action is requir$ on out "p if we are to make any headway ) ourselves & make any impression ^u ! (ficials t !y are n to consid] !mselves z ma/]s ( ! p b z _! tru/ies & s]vants :o _c hold (fice if !y misbehave !mselves & prove unwor?y ( ! tru/ repos$ 9 !m4 ,,! ,,punjab ,,s5t5ces ,! commission]s appo9t$ by ! ,congress ,punjab ,sub ,committee h 9 _! report accus$ ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,vic]oy ( crim9al want ( imag9ation4 ,8 ,excell5cy's refusal to commute two dea? s5t5ces out ( five is a f9e illu/ration ( ! accusation4 ,! rejection ( ! appeal by ! ,privy ,c\ncil no m proves ! guilt ( ! condemn$ ?an _! innoc5ce w\ld h be5 prov$ by qua%+ ! proce$+s be=e ! ,m>tial ,law ,tribunal4 ,moreov]1 ^! cases cle>ly come "u ! ,royal ,proclamation 9 accordance ) its int]pretation by ! ,punjab ,gov]nm5t4 ,! murd]s 9 ,amrits> 7 n due to any private qu>rel betwe5 ! murd]]s & _! victims4 ,! (f5ce grave1 ?\gh x 01 0 purely political & committ$ "u excitem5t4 ,m ?an full rep>ation has be5 tak5 = ! murd]s & arson4 ,9 ! circum/ances commons5se dictates r$uction ( ! dea? s5t5ces4 ,! popul> belief fav\rs ! view t ! condemn$ m5 are innoc5t & h n _h a fair trial4 ,! execution has be5 s long delay$ t hang+ at ?is /age w\ld give a rude %ock to ,indian society4 ,any ,vic]oy ) imag9ation w\ld h at once ann\nc$ commutation ( ! dea? s5t5ces--n s ,"l ,*elms=d4 ,9 8 e/imation1 evid5tly1 ! dem&s ( ju/ice w n be satisfi$ if at lea/ "s ( ! condemn$ m5 are n hang$4 ,public feel+ ) him c\nts = no?+4 ,we %all /ill hope t1 ei!r ! ,vic]oy or ,mr4 ,montagu w commute ! dea? s5t5ces4 ,b if ! ,gov]nm5t w griev\sly err1 if !y c>ry out ! s5t5ces1 ! p w equally err if !y give way to ang] or grief ov] ! hang+ if x has un=tunately to take plane4 ,be=e we become a nation possess+ an effective voice 9 ! c\ncils ( nations1 we mu/ be prep>$ to contemplate ) equanimity1 n a ?\s& murd]s ( innoc5t m5 & wom5 b _m ?\s&s be=e we atta9 a /atus 9 ! _w t1 %all n be surpass$ by any nation4 ,we hope !re=e t all conc]n$ w take r ?an lose he>t & treat hang+ z an ord9>y affair ( life4 ,s9ce ! above 0 9 type1 we h receiv$ cruel news4 ,at la/ ,h4,e4 ! ,vic]oy has m]cilessly giv5 ! rude %ock to ,indian society4 ,x is n[ = ! latt] to take he>t 9 spite ( ! unk9de/ cut4--,ed4 ,y4,i4 ,,iv4 ,,sw>aj ,,sw>aj ,,9 ,,"o ,,ye> ,mu* laught] has be5 indulg$ 9 at my exp5se = hav+ told ! ,congress audi5ce at ,calcutta t if !re 0 suffici5t response to my programme ( non-co-op]ation ,sw>aj w\ld be atta9$ 9 "o ye>4 ,"s h ignor$ my condition & laugh$ because ( ! impossibility ( gett+ ,sw>aj anyh[ )9 "o ye>4 ,o!rs h spelt ! 'if' 9 capitals & sugge/$ t if 'ifs' 7 p]missible 9 argum5t1 any absurdity c\ld be prov$ to be a possibility4 ,my proposition h[ev] is bas$ on a ma!matical calculation4 ,& ,i v5ture to say t true ,sw>aj is a practical impossibility )\t due fulfilm5t ( my conditions4 ,sw>aj means a /ate su* t we c ma9ta9 our sep>ate exi/5ce )\t ! pres5ce ( ! ,engli%4 ,if x is to be a p>tn]%ip1 x mu/ be p>tn]%ip at w4 ,!re c be no ,sw>aj )\t our feel+ & be+ ! equals ( ,engli%m54 ,to-day we feel t we are dep5d5t ^u !m = our int]nal & ext]nal security1 = an arm$ peace betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ! ,mussulmans1 = our education & = ! supply ( daily wants1 nay1 ev5 = ! settlem5t ( our religi\s squabbles4 ,! ,rajahs are dep5d5t ^u ! ,briti% = _! p[]s & ! millionaires = _! millions4 ,! ,briti% "k our helplessness & ,sir ,?omas ,holl& cracks jokes q legitimately at ! exp5se ( non-co-op]ationi/s4 ,to get ,sw>aj !n is to get rid ( our helplessness4 ,! problem is no d\bt /up5d\s ev5 z x is = ! fabl$ lion :o hav+ be5 br\ght up 9 ! company ( goats f\nd x impossible to feel t he 0 a lion4 ,z ,tol/oy us$ to put x1 mank9d (t5 lab\r$ "u hypnotism4 ,"u its spell cont9u\sly we feel ! feel+ ( helplessness4 ,! ,briti% !mselves _c be expect$ to help u out ( x4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y d9 into our e>s t we %all be fit to gov]n ourselves only by sl[ educative processes4 ,! ,times sugge/$ t if we boycott ! c\ncils we %all lose ! opportunity ( a tra9+ 9 ,sw>aj4 ,i h no d\bt t !re are _m :o believe :at ! ,times says4 ,x ev5 resorts to a falsehood4 ,x audaci\sly says t ,"l ,miln]'s ,mission li/5$ to ! ,egyptians only :5 !y 7 ready to lift ! boycott ( ! ,egyptian ,c\ncil4 ,= me ! only tra9+ 9 ,sw>aj we ne$ is ! ability to def5d ourselves aga9/ ! :ole _w & to live our natural life 9 p]fect fre$om ev5 ?\gh x may be full ( defects4 ,good ,gov]nm5t is no sub/itute = self-,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,afghans h a bad ,gov]nm5t b x is self-,gov]nm5t4 ,i envy !m4 ,! ,japanese le>nt ! art ?r\gh a sea ( blood4 ,& if we to-day _h ! p[] to drive out ! ,engli% by sup]ior brute =ce1 we w\ld be c\nt$ _! sup]iors1 & 9 spite ( our inexp]i5ce 9 debat+ at ! ,c\ncil table or 9 hold+ executive (fices1 we w\ld be held fit to gov]n ourselves4 ,= brute =ce is ! only te/ ! we/ has hi!rto recognis$4 ,! ,g]mans 7 defeat$ n because !y 7 necess>ily 9 ! wrong1 b because ! alli$ ,p[]s 7 f\nd to possess great] brute /r5g?4 ,9 ! end !re=e ,india mu/ ei!r le>n ! art ( w> :i* ! ,briti% w n tea* h] or1 %e mu/ foll[ h] own way ( discipl9e & self-sacrifice ?r\gh non-co-op]ation4 ,x is z amaz+ z x is humiliat+ t less ?an "o hundr$-?\s& :ite m5 %\ld be able to rule ?ree hundr$ & fifte5 million ,indians4 ,!y d s some:at und\bt$ly by =ce1 b m by secur+ our co-op]ation 9 a ?\s& ways & mak+ u m & m helpless & dep5d5t on !m z "t goes =w>d4 ,let u n mi/ake re=m$ c\ncils1 m lawc\rts & ev5 gov]nor%ips = real fre$om or p[]4 ,!y are b subtl] me?ods ( emasculation4 ,! ,briti% _c rule u by m]e =ce4 ,& s !y resort to all means1 hon\rable & di%on\rable1 9 ord] to reta9 _! hold on ,india4 ,!y want ,india's billions & !y want ,india's man p[] = _! imp]iali/ic gre$4 ,if we refuse to supply !m ) m5 & money1 we a*ieve our goal1 namely1 ,sw>aj1 equality1 manl9ess4 ,! cup ( our humiliation 0 fill$ dur+ ! clos+ sc5es 9 ! ,vic]egal ,c\ncil4 ,mr4 ,%u/ri c\ld n move 8 resolution on ! ,punjab4 ,! ,indian victims ( ,jullianwala receiv$ ,rs4 #a1bej1 ! ,engli% victims ( mob-fr5zy receiv$ lakhs4 ,! (ficials :o 7 guilty ( crimes aga9/ ^? ^: s]vants !y 71 7 reprim&$4 ,& ! c\ncillors 7 satisfi$4 ,if ,india 7 p[]ful1 ,india w\ld n h /ood ?is addition ( insult1 to h] injury4 ,i d n blame ! ,briti%4 ,if we 7 weak 9 numb]s z !y are1 we too w\ld p]haps h resort$ to ! same me?ods z !y are n[ employ+4 ,t]rorism & deception are weapons n ( ! /rong b ( ! weak4 ,! ,briti% are weak 9 numb]s we are weak 9 spite ( our numb]s4 ,! result is t ea* is dragg+ ! o!r d[n4 ,x is common exp]i5ce t ,engli%m5 lose 9 "* aft] resid5ce 9 ,india & t ,indians lose 9 c\rage & manl9ess by contact ) ,engli%m54 ,?is process ( weak5+ is good nei!r = u1 two nations1 nor = ! _w4 ,b if we ,indians take c>e ( ourselves ! ,engli% & ! re/ ( ! _w w\ld take c>e ( !mselves4 ,our contributions to ! _w's progress mu/ !re=e consi/ 9 sett+ our own h\se 9 ord]4 ,tra9+ 9 arms = ! pres5t is out ( ! "q4 ,i g a /ep fur!r & believe t ,india has a bett] mission = ! _w4 ,x is )9 h] to %[ t %e c a*ieve h] de/9y by pure self-sacrifice1 i4e41 self-purification4 ,?is c be done only by non-co-op]ation4 ,& non-co-op]ation is possible only :5 ^? :o comm5c$ to co-op]ate be+ ! process ( )drawal4 ,if we c b free ourselves f ! ?reefold maya ( ,gov]nm5t-controll$ s*ools1 ,gov]nm5t law-c\rts & legislative c\ncils1 & truly control our own education regulate our disputes & be indiff]5t to _! legislation1 we are ready to gov]n ourselves & we are only !n ready to ask ! gov]nm5t s]vants1 :e!r civil or milit>y1 to resign1 & ! tax-pay]s to susp5d paym5t ( taxes4 ,& is x su* an impracticable proposition to expect p>5ts to )draw _! *ildr5 f s*ools & colleges & e/abli% _! own in/itutions or to ask lawy]s to susp5d _! practice & devote _! :ole "t att5tion to national s]vice aga9/ paym5t :]e necess>y1 ( _! ma9t5ance1 or to ask c&idates = c\ncils n to ent] c\ncils & l5d _! passive or active assi/ance to ! legislative ma*9]y ?r\gh :i* all control is ex]cis$4 ,! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation is no?+ b an attempt to isolate ! brute =ce ( ! ,briti% f all ! trapp+s "u :i* x is hidd5 & to %[ t brute =ce by itself _c = "o s+le mom5t hold ,india4 ,b ,i frankly confess t1 until ! ?ree conditions m5tion$ by me are fulfill$1 !re is no ,sw>aj4 ,we may n g on tak+ our college degrees1 tak+ ?\s&s ( rupees mon?ly f cli5ts = cases :i* c be f9i%$ 9 five m9utes & tak+ ! ke5e/ delight 9 wa/+ national "t on ! c\ncil floor & /ill expect to ga9 national self-respect4 ,! la/ ?\gh n ! lea/ important "p ( ! ,maya /ill rema9s to be consid]$4 ,t is ,swade%i4 ,_h we n ab&on$ ,swade%i1 we ne$ n h be5 9 ! pres5t fall5 /ate4 ,if we w\ld get rid ( ! economic slav]y1 we mu/ manufacture our own clo? & at ! pres5t mom5t only by h&-sp9n+ & h& weav+4 ,all ?is means discipl9e1 self-d5ial1 self-sacrifice1 organis+ ability1 confid5ce & c\rage4 ,if we %[ ?is 9 "o ye> among ! classes t to-day c\nt1 & make public op9ion1 we c]ta9ly ga9 ,sw>aj )9 "o ye>4 ,if ,i am told t ev5 we :o lead h n ^! qualities 9 u1 !re c]ta9ly w nev] be ,sw>aj = ,india1 b !n we %all h no "r to blame ! ,engli% = :at !y are do+4 ,our salvation & its "t are solely dep5d5t ^u u4 ,,briti% ,,rule--,,an ,,evil ,! ,int]pret] is h[ev] m to ! po9t 9 ask+1 ,does ,mr4 ,g&hi hold )\t hesitation or res]ve t ,briti% rule 9 ,india is altoge!r an evil & t ! p ( ,india are to be taught s to reg>d x8 ,he mu/ hold x to be s evil t ! wrongs x does outweigh ! b5efit x conf]s1 = only s is non-co-op]ation to be ju/ifi$ at ! b> ( consci5ce or ( ,*ri/4 ,my answ] is emphatically 9 ! affirmative4 ,s long z ,i believ$ t ! sum total ( ! en]gy ( ! ,briti% ,empire 0 good1 ,i clung to x despite :at ,i us$ to reg>d z tempor>y ab]rations4 ,i am n sorry = hav+ done s4 ,b hav+ my eyes op5$1 x w\ld be s9 = me to associate myself ) ! ,empire unless x purges itself ( its evil "*4 ,i write ?is ) sorr[ & ,i %\ld be pleas$ if ,i discov]$ t ,i 0 9 error & t my pres5t attitude 0 a reaction4 ,! cont9u\s f9ancial dra91 ! emasculation ( ! ,punjab & ! betrayal ( ! ,muslim s5tim5t con/itute1 9 my humble op9ion1 a ?reefold robb]y ( ,india4 ',! bless+s ( pax ,britanica' ,i reckon1 !re=e1 to be a curse4 ,we w\ld h at lea/ rema9$ l ! o!r nations brave m5 & wom51 in/ead ( feel+ z we d s utt]ly helpless1 if we _h no ,briti% ,rule impos+ on u an arm$ peace4 ',! bless+' ( roads & railways is a return no self-respect+ nation w\ld accept = its degradation4 ',! bless+' ( education is prov+ "o ( ! greate/ ob/acles 9 our progress t[>ds fre$om4 ,a ,,movem5t ,,( ,,purification ,! fact is t non-co-op]ation by reason ( its non-viol5ce has become a religi\s & purify+ movem5t4 ,x is daily br++ /r5g? to ! nation1 %[+ x its weak spots & ! rem$y = remov+ !m4 ,x is a movem5t ( self-reliance4 ,x is ! mightie/ =ce = revolutionis+ op9ion & /imulat+ ?\ght4 ,x is a movem5t ( self-impos$ suff]+ & !re=e possesses automatic *ecks aga9/ extravagance or impati5ce4 ,! capacity ( ! nation = suff]+ regulates its advance t[>ds fre$om4 ,x isolates ! =ce ( evil by refra9+ f p>ticipation 9 x1 9 any %ape or =m4 ,,:y ,,0 ,,india ,,lo/8 ,a dialog betwe5 ! ,read] & ,editor1--,indian ,home ,rule4 ,read]3 ,y h said mu* ab\t civilisation--en\gh to make me pond] ov] x4 ,i d n "k :at ,i %\ld adopt & :at ,i %\ld avoid f ! nations ( ,europe4 b "o "q comes to my lips imm$iately4 ,if civilisation is a disease1 & if x has attack$ ,engl& :y has %e be5 able to take ,india1 & :y is %e able to reta9 x8 ,editor3 ,y\r "q is n v difficult to answ]1 & we %all pres5tly be able to exam9e ! true nature ( ,sw>aj2 = ,i am aw>e t ,i h /ill to answ] t "q4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 take up y\r previ\s "q4 ,! ,engli% h n tak5 ,india2 we h giv5 x to !m4 ,!y are n 9 ,india because ( _! /r5g?1 b because we keep !m4 ,let u n[ see :e!r ^! positions c be su/a9$4 ,!y came to our c\ntry orig9ally = ! purpose ( trade4 ,recall ! ,company ,bahadur4 ,:o made x ,bahadur8 ,!y _h n ! slighte/ int5tion at ! "t ( e/abli%+ a k+dom4 ,:o assi/$ ! ,company's (fic]s8 ,:o 0 tempt$ at ! sight ( _! silv]8 ,:o b\ght _! goods8 ,hi/ory te/ifies t we did all ?is4 ,9 ord] to become ri* all at once1 we welcom$ ! ,company's (fic]s ) op5 arms4 ,we assi/$ !m4 ,if ,i am 9 ! habit ( dr9k+ ,bhang1 & a sell] !re( sells x to me1 am ,i to blame him or myself8 ,by blam+ ! sell] %all ,i be able to avoid ! habit8 ,&1 if a p>ticul> retail] is driv5 away w n ano!r take 8 place8 ,a true s]vant ( ,india w h to g to ! root ( ! matt]4 ,if an excess ( food has caus$ me indige/ion ,i w c]ta9ly n avoid x by blam+ wat]4 ,he is a true physician :o probes ! cause ( disease &1 if y pose z a physician = ! disease ( ,india1 y w h to f9d out its true cause4 ,read]3 ,y are "r4 ,n[1 ,i ?9k y w n h to argue mu* ) me to drive y\r conclusions home4 ,i am impati5t to "k y\r fur!r views4 ,we are n[ on a mo/ int]e/+ topic4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 endeav\r to foll[ y\r ?\ght1 & /op y :5 ,i am 9 d\bt4 ,editor3 ,i am afraid t1 9 spite ( y\r en?usiasm1 z we proce$ fur!r we %all h diff]5ces ( op9ion4 ,nev]!less1 ,i %all argue only :5 y w /op me4 ,we h already se5 t ! ,engli% m]*ants 7 able to get a foot+ 9 ,india because we enc\rag$ !m4 ,:5 our pr9ces f\ght among !mselves1 !y s\ght ! assi/ance ( ,company ,bahad>4 ,t corporation 0 v]s$ alike 9 comm]ce & w>4 ,x 0 unhamp]$ by que/ions ( morality4 ,its object 0 to increase its comm]ce & to make money4 ,x accept$ our assi/ance1 & increas$ ! numb] ( its w>eh\ses4 ,to protect ! latt] x employ$ an army :i* 0 utilis$ by u also4 ,is x n !n useless to blame ! ,engli% = :at we did at t "t8 ,! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans 7 at dagg]s drawn4 ,?is1 too1 gave ! ,company its opportunity1 & ?us we creat$ ! circum/ances t gave ! ,company its control ov] ,india4 ,h5ce x is tru] to say t we gave ,india to ! ,engli% ?an t ,india 0 lo/4 ,read]3 ,w y n[ tell me h[ !y are able to reta9 ,india8 ,editor3 ,! causes t gave !m ,india enable !m to reta9 x4 ,"s ,engli%m5 /ate t !y took1 & !y hold1 ,india by ! sword4 ,bo? ^! /atem5ts are wrong4 ,! sword is entirely useless = hold+ ,india4 ,we alone keep !m4 ,napoleon is said to h describ$ ! ,engli% z a nation ( %op keep]s4 ,x is a fitt+ description4 ,!y hold :atev] dom9ions !y h = ! sake ( _! comm]ce4 ,_! army & _! navy are int5d$ to protect x4 ,:5 ! ,transvaal (f]$ no su* attractions1 ! late ,mr4 ,glad/one discov]$ t x 0 no "r = ! ,engli% to hold x4 ,:5 x became a pay+ proposition1 resi/ance l$ to w>4 ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 soon discov]$ t ,engl& enjoy$ a suz]a9ty ov] ! ,transvaal4 ,x is relat$ t "s "o ask$ ! late ,presid5t ,krug] :e!r !re 0 gold 9 ! moon8 ,he repli$ t x 0 highly unlikely1 because1 if !re 71 ! ,engli% w\ld h annex$ x4 ,_m problems c be solv$ by rememb]+ t money is _! ,god4 ,!n x foll[s t we keep ! ,engli% 9 ,india = our base self-int]e/4 ,we l _! comm]ce1 !y please u by _! subtle me?ods1 & get :at !y want f u4 ,to blame !m = ?is is to p]petuate _! p[]4 ,we fur!r /r5g!n _! hold by qu>rell+ among/ ourselves4 ,if y accept ! above /atem5ts1 x is prov$ t ! ,engli% ent]$ ,india = ! purposes ( trade4 ,!y rema9 9 x = ! same purpose1 & we help !m to d s4 ,_! arms & ammunition are p]fectly useless4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i rem9d y t x is ! ,briti% flag :i* is wav+ 9 ,japan1 & n ! ,japanese4 ,! ,engli% h a treaty ) ,japan = ! sake ( _! comm]ce & y w see t1 if !y c manage x1 _! comm]ce w greatly exp& 9 t c\ntry4 ,!y wi% to conv]t ! :ole ^w into a va/ m>ket = _! goods4 ,t !y _c d s is true1 b ! blame w n be !irs4 ,!y w leave no /one unturn$ to rea* ! goal4 ,,sw>aj ,,my ,,ideal ,! foll[+ is a fairly full report ( ,mr4 ,g&hi's important spee* at ,calcutta on ! #ac? ,decemb] #aibj3-- ,! v fact1 t s _m ( y _c und]/& ,h9di :i* is b\nd to be ! ,national m$ium ( expression ?r\gh\t ,h9du/an 9 ga!r+s ( ,indians belong+ to diff]5t p>ts ( ! l&1 %[s ! dep? ( ! degradation to :i* we h sunk1 & po9ts to ! supreme necessity ( ! non-co-op]ation movem5t :i* is int5d$ to lift u out ( t condition4 ,?is ,gov]nm5t has be5 in/rum5tal 9 degrad+ ?is great nation 9 v>i\s ways1 & x is impossible to be free f x )\t co-op]ation among/ ourselves :i* is 9 turn impossible )\t a national m$ium ( expression4 ,b ,i am n "h to day to plead = ! m$ium4 ,i am to plead = ! acceptance by ! c\ntry ( ! programme ( non-viol5t1 progressive non-co-op]ation4 ,n[ all ! words t ,i h us$ "h are absolutely necess>y & ! two adjectives 'progressive' & 'non-viol5t' are integral "p ( a :ole4 ,) me non-viol5ce is "p ( my religion1 a matt] ( cre$4 ,b ) ! great numb] ( ,mussalmans non-viol5ce is a policy1 ) ?\s&1 if n millions ( ,h9dus1 x is equally a matt] ( policy4 ,b :e!r x is a cre$ or a policy1 x is utt]ly impossible = y to f9i% ! programme = ! enfran*isem5t ( ! millions ( ,india1 )\t recognis+ ! necessity & ! value ( non-viol5ce4 ,viol5ce may = a mom5t avail to secure a c]ta9 measure ( success b x c\ld n 9 ! long run a*ieve any appreciable result4 ,on ! o!r h& all viol5ce w\ld prove de/ructive to ! hon\r & self-respect ( ! nation4 ,! blue books issu$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india %[ t inasmu* z we h us$ viol5ce1 milit>y exp5diture has gone up1 n proportionately b 9 geometrical progression4 ,! bonds ( our slav]y h be5 =g$ all ! /rong] = our hav+ (f]$ viol5ce4 ,& ! :ole hi/ory ( ,briti% rule 9 ,india is a demon/ration ( ! fact t we h nev] be5 able to (f] successful viol5ce4 ,:il/ !re=e ,i say t r ?an h ! yoke ( a ,gov]nm5t t has s emasculat$ u1 ,i w\ld welcome viol5ce4 ,i w\ld urge ) all ! emphasis t ,i c comm& t ,india w nev] be able to rega9 h] own by me?ods ( viol5ce4 ,"l ,ronald%ay :o has done me ! hon\r ( read+ my booklet on ,home ,rule has w>n$ my c\ntrym5 aga9/ engag+ !mselves 9 a /ruggle = a ,sw>aj su* z is describ$ 9 t booklet4 ,n[ ?\gh ,i d n want to )draw a s+le ^w ( x1 ,i w\ld say to y on ?is occasion t ,i d n ask ,india to foll[ out to-day ! me?ods prescrib$ 9 my booklet4 ,if !y c\ld d t !y w\ld h ,home ,rule n 9 a ye> b 9 a day1 & ,india by realis+ t ideal wants to acquire an asc5dancy ov] ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,b x mu/ rema9 a day dream m or less = ! "t be+4 ,:at ,i am do+ to-day is t ,i am giv+ ! c\ntry a p>donable programme n ! abolition ( law c\rts1 po/s1 telegraphs & ( railways b = ! atta9m5t ( ,p>liam5t>y ,sw>ja4 ,i am tell+ y to d t s long z we d n isolate ourselves f ?is ,gov]nm5t1 we are co-op]at+ ) x ?r\gh s*ools1 law c\rts & c\ncils1 ?r\gh s]vice civil & milit>y & paym5t ( taxes & =eign trade4 ,! mom5t ?is fact is realis$ & non-co-op]ation is effect$1 ?is ,gov]nm5t mu/ tott] to pieces4 ,if ,i "k t ! masses 7 prep>$ = ! :ole programme at once1 ,i w\ld n delay 9 putt+ x at once to "w4 ,x is n possible at ! pres5t mom5t1 to prev5t ! masses f bur/+ out into wra? aga9/ ^? :o come to execute ! law1 x is n possible1 t ! milit>y w\ld lay d[n _! arms )\t ! slighte/ viol5ce4 ,if t 7 possible to-day1 ,i w\ld propose all ! /ages ( non-co-op]ation to be work$ simultane\sly4 ,b we h n secur$ t control ov] ! masses1 we h uselessly fritt]$ away preci\s ye>s ( ! nation's life 9 ma/]+ a language :i* we ne$ lea/ = w9n+ our lib]ty2 we h fritt]$ away all ^? ye>s 9 le>n+ lib]ty f ,milton & ,%akespe>e1 9 d]iv+ inspiration f ! pages ( ,mill1 :il/ lib]ty c\ld be le>nt at our doors4 ,we h ?us succe$$ 9 isolat+ ourselves f ! masses3 we h be5 we/]nis$4 ,we h fail$ ^! #ce ye>s to utilise our education 9 ord] to p]meate ! masses4 ,we h sat ^u ! p$e/al & f !re deliv]$ h>angues to !m 9 a language !y d n und]/& & we see to-day t we are unable to conduct l>ge ga!r+s 9 a discipl9$ mann]4 ,& discipl9e is ! ess5ce ( success4 ,"h is !re=e "o reason :y ,i h introduc$ ! ^w 'progressive' 9 ! non-co-op]ation ,resolution4 ,)\t any imp]t95ce ,i may say t ,i und]/& ! mass m9d bett] ?an any "o among/ ! educat$ ,indians4 ,i cont5d t ! masses are n ready = susp5sion ( paym5t ( taxes4 ,!y h n yet le>nt suffici5t self-control4 ,if ,i 0 sure ( non-viol5ce on _! "p ,i w\ld ask !m to susp5d paym5t to-day & n wa/e a s+le mom5t ( ! nations "t4 ,) me ! lib]ty ( ,india has become a passion4 ,lib]ty ( ,islam is z de> to me4 ,i w\ld n !re=e delay a mom5t if ,i f\nd t ! :ole ( ! programme c\ld be en=c$ at once4 ,x grieves me to miss ! faces ( de> & rev]$ lead]s 9 ?is assembly4 ,we miss "h ! trumpet voice ( ,sur5drana? ,banorji1 :o has r5d]$ ine/imable s]vice to ! c\ntry4 ,& ?\gh we /& z poles asund] to-day1 ?\gh we may h %>p diff]5ces ) him1 we mu/ express !m ) becom+ re/ra9t4 ,i d n ask y to give up a s+le iota ( pr9ciple4 ,i urge non-viol5ce 9 language & 9 de$4 ,if non-viol5ce is ess5tial 9 our deal+s ) ,gov]nm5t1 x is m ess5tial 9 our deal+s ) our lead]s4 ,& x grieves me deeply to he> ( rec5t in/ances ( viol5ce report$ to h be5 us$ 9 ,ea/ ,bongal aga9/ our own p4 ,i 0 pa9$ to he> t ! e>s ( a man :o _h vot$ at ! rec5t elections _h be5 cut1 & night soil _h be5 ?r[n into ! b$ ( a man :o _h /ood z a c&idate4 ,non-co-op]ation is nev] go+ to succe$ 9 ?is way4 ,x w n succe$ unless we create an atmosph]e ( p]fect fre$om1 unless we prize our oppon5ts lib]ty z mu* z our own4 ,! lib]ty ( fai?1 consci5ce1 ?\ght & action :i* we claim = ourselves mu/ be conc$$ equally to o!rs4 ,non co-op]ation is a process ( purification & we mu/ cont9ually try to t\* ! he>ts ( ^? :o diff] f u1 _! m9ds1 & _! emotions1 b nev] _! bodies4 ,discipl9e & re/ra9t are ! c>d9al pr9ciples ( our conduct & ,i w>n y aga9/ any sort ( tyrannical social o/racism4 ,i 0 deeply griev$ !re=e to he> ( ! insult (f]$ to a dead body 9 ,delhi & feel t if x 0 ! action ( non-co-op]ators !y h disgrac$ !mselves & _! cre$4 ,i repeat we _c deliv] our l& ?r\gh viol5ce4 ,x 0 n a joke :5 ,i said on ! congress plat=m t ,sw>aj c\ld be e/abli%$ 9 "o ye> if !re 0 suffici5t response f ! nation4 ,?ree mon?s ( ?is ye> are gone4 ,if we are true to our salt1 true to our nation1 true to ! songs we s+1 if we are true to ! ,bhagwad ,gita & ! ,koran1 we w\ld f9i% ! programme 9 ! rema9+ n9e mon?s & deliv] ,islam ! ,punjab & ,india4 ,i h propos$ a limit$ programme workable )9 "o ye>1 hav+ a special reg>d to ! educat$ classes4 ,we seem to be lab\r+ "u ! illusion t we _c possibly live )\t ,c\ncils1 law c\rts & s*ools provid$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! mom5t we are disillusion$ we h ,sw>aj4 ,x is demoralis+ bo? = ,gov]nm5t & ! gov]n$ t a hundr$ ?\s& pilgrims %\ld dictate t]ms to a nation compos$ ( ?ree hundr$ millions4 ,& h[ is x !y c ?us dictate t]ms4 ,x is because we h be5 divid$ & !y h rul$4 ,i h nev] =gott5 ,humes' frank confession t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 0 su/a9$ by ! policy ( ,divide & ,rule4 ,!re=e x is t ,i h laid /ress ^u ,h9du ,muslim ,unity z "o ( ! important ess5tials = ! success ( ,non-co-op]ation4 ,b1 x %\ld be no lip unity1 nor bunia unity x %\ld be a unity broad bas$ on a recognition ( ! he>t4 ,if we want to save ,h9duism1 ,i say = ,gods sake1 d n seek to b>ga9 ) ! ,mussalmans4 ,i h be5 go+ ab\t ) ,maulana ,%aukat ,ali all ^! mon?s1 b ,i h n s mu* z :isp]$ any?+ ab\t ! protection ( ! c[4 ,my alliance ) ! ,ali ,bro!rs is "o ( hon\r4 ,i feel t ,i am on my hon\r1 ! :ole ( ,h9duism is on its hon\r1 & if x w n be f\nd want+1 x w d its duty t[>ds ! ,mussalmans ( ,india4 ,any b>ga9+ w\ld be degrad+ to u4 ,light br+s light n d>kness1 & nobility done ) a noble purpose w be twice rew>d$4 ,x w be ,god alone :o c protect ! c[4 ,ask me n to-day--':at ab\t ! c[1' ask me aft] ,islam is v9dicat$ ?r\gh ,india4 ,ask ! ,rajas :at !y d to ent]ta9 _! ,engli% gue/s4 ,d !y n provide beef & *ampagne = _! gue/s4 ,p]suade !m fir/ to /op c[ kill+ & !n ?9k ( b>ga9+ ) ,mussalmans4 ,& h[ are we ,h9dus behav+ ourselves t[>ds ! c[ & h] prog5y6 ,d we treat h] z our religion requires u8 ,n till we h set our own h\se 9 ord] & sav$ ! c[ f ! ,engli%m5 h we ! "r to plead on h] behalf ) ! ,mussalmans4 ,& ! be/ way ( sav+ ! c[ f !m is to give !m unconditional help 9 _! h\r ( tr\ble4 ,simil>ly :at d we owe ! ,punjab8 ,! :ole ( ,india 0 made to crawl on h] belly 9 z mu* z a s+le ,punjabi 0 made to crawl 9 t dirty lane 9 ,amrits>1 ! :ole womanhood ( ,india 0 unveil$ 9 z mu* z ! innoc5t woman ( ,manianwalla 7 unveil$ by an insol5t (fice2 & ,indian *ildhood 0 di%on\r$ 9 t1 t s*ool *ildr5 ( t5d] age 7 made to walk f\r times a day to /at$ places )9 ! m>tial area 9 ! ,punjab & to salute ! ,union ,jack1 ?r\gh ! effect ( :i* ord] two *ildr51 sev5 ye>s old di$ ( sun/roke hav+ be5 made to wait 9 ! noonday sun4 ,9 my op9ion x is a s9 to att5d ! s*ools & colleges conduct$ "u ! aegis ( ?is ,gov]nm5t s long z x has n purg$ itself ( ^! crimes by prop] rep5tance4 ,we may n ) any s5se ( self-respect plead be=e ! c\rts ( ! ,gov]nm5t :5 we rememb] t x 0 ?r\gh ! ,punjab ,c\rts t innoc5t m5 7 s5t5c$ to be imprison$ & hang$4 ,we become p>ticipators 9 ! crime ( ! ,gov]nm5t by volunt>ily help+ x or be+ help$ by x4 ,! wom5 ( ,india h intuitively und]/ood ! spiritual nature ( ! /ruggle4 ,?\s&s h att5d$ to li/5 to ! message ( non-viol5t non-co-op]ation & h giv5 me _! preci\s ornam5ts = ! purpose ( advanc+ ! cause ( ,sw>aj4 ,is x any wond] if ,i believe ! possibility ( ga9+ ,sw>aj )9 a ye> aft] all ^! wond]ful demon/rations8 ,i w\ld be guilty ( want ( fai? 9 ,god if ,i "u-rat$ ! significance ( ! response f ! wom5 ( ,india4 ,i hope t ! /ud5ts w d _! duty4 ,! c\ntry c]ta9ly expects ! lawy]s :o h hi!rto l$ public agitation to recognise ! new awak5+4 ,i h us$ /rong language b ,i h done s ) ! greate/ delib]ation1 ,i am n actuat$ by any feel+ ( rev5ge4 ,i d n consid] ,engli%m5 z my enemy4 ,i recognise ! wor? ( _m4 ,i enjoy ! privilege ( hav+ _m ,engli% fri5ds1 b ,i am a det]m9$ enemy ( ! ,engli% rule z is conduct$ at pres5t & if ! p[]--tapasya--( "o man c\ld de/roy x1 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly de/roy x1 if x c\ld n be m5d$4 ,an ,empire t /&s = inju/ice & brea* ( fai? does n des]ve to /& if its cu/odians w n rep5t & non-co-op]ation has be5 devis$ 9 ord] to enable ! nation to compel ju/ice4 ,i hope t ,b5gal w take h] prop] place 9 ?is movem5t ( self-purification4 ,b5gal began ,swade%i & national education :5 ! re/ ( ,india 0 sleep+4 ,i hope t ,b5gal w come to ! front 9 ?is movem5t = ga9+ ,sw>aj & ga9+ ju/ice = ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab ?r\gh purification & self-sacrifice4 ,,on ,,! ,,wrong ,,track ,"l ,ronald%ay has be5 do+ me ! fav\r ( read+ my booklet on ,indian ,home ,rule :i* is a translation ( ,h9d ,sw>aj4 ,8 ,lord%ip told 8 audi5ce t if ,sw>aj meant :at ,i _h describ$ x to be 9 ! booklet1 ! ,b5galis w\ld h none ( x4 ,i am sorry t ,sw>aj ( ! ,congress resolution does n mean ! ,sw>aj depict$ 9 ! booklet2 ,sw>aj accord+ to ! ,congress means ,sw>aj t ! p ( ,india want1 n :at ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t may condesc5d to give4 ,9 s f> z ,i c see1 ,sw>aj w be a ,p>liam5t *os5 by ! p ) ! fulle/ p[] ov] ! f9ance1 ! police1 ! milit>y1 ! navy1 ! c\rts1 & ! educational in/itutions4 ,i am free to confess t ! ,sw>aj ,i expect to ga9 )9 "o ye>1 if ,india responds w be su* ,sw>aj z w make practically impossible ! repetition ( ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab wrongs1 & w enable ! nation to d good or evil z x *ooses1 & n he 'good' at ! dictation ( an irresponsible1 insol5t1 & godless bureaucracy4 ,"u t ,sw>aj ! nation w h ! p[] to impose a heavy protective t>iff on su* =eign goods z are capable ( be+ manufactur$ 9 ,india1 z also ! p[] to refuse to s5d a s+le soldi] outside ,india = ! purpose ( enslav+ ! surr\nd+ or remote nationalities4 ,! ,sw>aj t ,i dream ( w be a possibility only1 :5 ! nation is free to make its *oice bo? ( good & evil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i adh]e to all ,i h said 9 t booklet & ,i w\ld c]ta9ly recomm5d x to ! read]4 ,gov]nm5t ov] self is ! true/ ,sw>aj1 x is synonym\s ) mok%a or salvation1 & ,i h se5 no?+ to alt] ! view t doctors1 lawy]s1 & railways are no help1 & are (t5 a h9drance1 to ! "o ?+ wor? /riv+ aft]4 ,b ,i "k t association1 a satanic activity1 su* z ! ,gov]nm5t is engag$ 91 makes ev5 an ef=t = su* fre$om a practical impossibility4 ,i _c t5d] allegiance to ,god & ,satan at ! same "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! sure/ sign ( ! satanic nature ( ! pres5t sy/em is t ev5 a nobleman ( ! type ( ,"l ,ronald%ay is oblig$ to put u (f ! track4 ,he w n deal ) ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,:y is he sil5t ab\t ! ,punjab8 ,:y does he evade ! ,khilafat8 ,c o9tm5ts soo! a pati5t :o is suff]+ f corrod+ consumption8 ,does 8 lord%ip n see t x is n ! inadequacy ( ! re=ms t has set ,india aflame b t x is ! infliction ( ! two wrongs & ! wick$ attempt to make u =get !m8 ,does he n see t a complete *ange ( he>t is requir$ be=e reconciliation8 99 99 99 99 99 ,b x has become ! fa%ion n[adays to ascribe hatr$ to non-co-op]ationism4 ,& ,i regret to f9d t ev5 ,col4 ,w$gewood has fall5 into ! trap4 ,i make bold to say t ! only way to remove hatr$ is to give x discipl9$ v5t4 ,no man c--,i _c--p]=m ! impossible task ( remov+ hatr$ s long z contempt & despise = ! feel+s ( ,india are s$ul\sly nurs$4 ,x is a mock]y to ask ,india n to hate :5 9 ! same brea? ,india's mo/ sacr$ feel+s are contemptu\sly bru%$ aside4 ,india feels weak & helpless & s expresses h] helplessness by hat+ ! tyrant :o despises h] & makes h] crawl on ! belly1 lifts ! veils ( h] innoc5t wom5 & compels h] t5d] *ildr5 to ackn[l$ge 8 p[] by salut+ 8 flag f\r times a day4 ,! gospel ( ,non-co-op]ation addresses itself to ! task ( mak+ ! p /rong & self-reliant4 ,x is an attempt to trans=m hatr$ into pity4 ,a /rong & self-reliant ,india w cease to hate ,boswor? ,smi?s & ,frank ,johnsons1 = %e w h ! p[] to puni% !m & !re=e ! p[] also to pity & =give !m4 ,to-day %e c nei!r puni% nor =give1 & !re=e helplessly nurses hatr$4 ,if ! ,mussalmans 7 /rong1 !y w\ld n hate ! ,engli% b w\ld fight & wre/ f !m ! de>e/ possessions ( ,islam4 ,i "k t ! ,ali ,bro!rs :o live only = ! hon\r & ! pre/ige ( ,islam1 & are prep>$ any mom5t to die = x1 w to-day make fri5ds ) ! latt] ,engli%m51 if !y 7 to d ju/ice to ! ,khilafat :i* x is 9 _! p[] to d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am positively c]ta9 t !re is no p]sonal elem5t 9 ?is fight4 ,bo? ! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans w\ld to-day invoke bless+s on ! ,engli% if !y w\ld b give pro( positive ( _! goodness1 fai?fulness1 & loyalty to ,india4 ,non-co-op]ation !n is a gods5d2 x w purify & /r5g!n ,india2 & a /rong ,india w be a /r5g? to ! _w z an ,indian weak & helpless is a curse to mank9d4 ,indian soldi]s h involunt>ily help$ to de/roy ,turkey & are n[ de/roy+ ! fl[] ( ! ,arabian nation4 ,i _c recall a s+le campaign 9 :i* ! ,indian soldi] has be5 employ$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t = ! good ( mank9d4 ,& yet1 7,oh6 ! %ame ( x67 ,indian ,mah>ajas are nev] tir$ ( prid+ !mselves on ! loyal help !y h r5d]$ ! ,engli%6 ,c\ld degradation s9k any l[]8 ,,! ,,congress ,,con/itution ,! belat$ report ( ! ,congress ,con/itution ,committee has n[ be5 publi%$ = g5]al in=mation & op9ion has be5 invit$ f all public bodies 9 ord] to assi/ ! delib]ations ( ! ,all ,india ,congress ,committee4 ,x is a pity t1 small ?\gh ! ,con/itution ,committee 01 all ! memb]s nev] met at any "o "t 9 spite ( ef=ts1 to h a meet+ ( !m all4 ,x is p]haps no body's fault t all ! memb]s c\ld n meet4 ,at ! same "t ! draft report has pass$ ?r\gh ! se>*+ exam9ation ( all b "o memb] & ! report repres5ts ! mature delib]ations ( f\r out ( ! five memb]s4 ,x mu/ be /at$ at ! same "t t x does n pret5d to be ! unanim\s op9ion ( ! memb]s4 ,r ?an pres5t a diss5t+ m9ute1 a workable s*eme has be5 br\ght out leav+ ea* memb] free to press 8 own views on to sev]al matt]s 9 :i* !y are n q unanim\s4 ,! mo/ important "p ( ! con/itution1 h[ev]1 is ! alt]ation ( ! cre$4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e !re is no fundam5tal diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 ! memb]s4 ,9 my op9ion ! alt]$ cre$ repres5ts ! exact feel+ ( ! c\ntry at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,i "k t ! propos$ alt]ation has be5 subject$ to ho/ile criticism 9 sev]al newspap]s ( note4 ,b ! extraord9>y situation t faces ! c\ntry is t popul> op9ion is f> 9 advance ( sev]al newspap]s :i* h hi!rto comm&$ influ5ce & h und\bt$ly m\ld$ public op9ion4 ,! fact is t ! =mation ( op9ion to-day is by no means conf9$ to ! educat$ classes1 b ! masses h tak5 x ^u !mselves n only to =mulate op9ion b to en=ce x4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to belittle or ignore ?is op9ion1 or to ascribe x to a tempor>y upheaval4 ,x w\ld be equally a mi/ake to suppose t ?is awak5+ among/ ! masses is due ei!r to ! activity ( ! ,ali ,bro!rs or myself4 ,= ! "t be+ we h ! e> ( ! masses because we voice _! s5tim5ts4 ,! masses are by no means s fooli% or un9tellig5t z we sometimes imag9e4 ,!y (t5 p]ceive ?+s ) _! intuition1 :i* we ourselves fail to see ) our intellect4 ,b :il/ ! masses "k :at !y want1 !y (t5 d n "k h[ to express _! wants &1 less (t51 h[ to get :at !y want4 ,h]e9 comes ! use ( lead]%ip1 & disa/r\s results c easily foll[ a bad1 ha/y1 or :at is worse1 selfi% lead4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! propos$ cre$ expresses ! pres5t desire ( ! nation1 & ! second %[s ! way t desire c be fulfill$4 ,9 my humble op9ion ! ,congress cre$ ) ! propos$ alt]ation is b an ext5sion ( ! orig9al4 ,& s long z no break ) ! ,briti% connection is attempt$1 x is /rictly )9 ev5 ! exi/+ article t def9es ! ,congress cre$4 ,! ext5sion lies 9 ! contemplat$ possibility ( a break ) ! ,briti% connection4 ,9 my humble op9ion1 if ,india is to make unhamp]$ progress1 we mu/ make x cle> to ! ,briti% p t :il/ we desire to reta9 ! ,briti% connection1 if we c rise to our full height ) x we are det]m9$ to disp5se )1 & ev5 to get rid ( t connection1 if t is necess>y = full national developm5t4 ,i hold t x is n only d]ogatory to national dignity b x actually imp$es national progress sup]/iti\sly to believe t our progress t[>ds our goal is impossible )\t ,briti% connection4 ,x is ?is sup]/ition :i* makes "s ( ! be/ ( u tol]ate ! ,punjab wrong & ! ,khilafat insult4 ,?is bl9d adh]5ce to t connection makes u feel helpless4 ,! propos$ alt]ation 9 ! cre$ enables u to rid ourselves ( our helpless condition4 ,i p]sonally hold t x is p]fectly con/itutional op5ly to /rive aft] indep5d5ce1 b le/ !re may be dispute z to ! con/itutional "* ( any movem5t = complete indep5d5ce1 ! d\btful & highly te*nical adjective con/itutional has be5 remov$ f ! alt]$ cre$ 9 ! draft4 ,surely x %\ld be en\gh to ensure t ! me?ods = a*iev+ our end are legitimate1 hon\rable1 & peaceful1 ,i believe t ?is 0 ! reason+ t guid$ my colleagues 9 accept+ ! propos$ cre$4 ,9 any case1 su* 0 c]ta9ly my view ( ! :ole alt]ation4 ,!re is no desire on my "p to adopt any means t are subv]sive ( law & ord]4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t ,i am tread+ on delicate gr\nd :5 ,i write ab\t law & ord] =1 to "s ( our di/+ui%$ lead]s ev5 my pres5t me?ods appe> to be lawless & conducive to disord]4 ,b ev5 !y w p]haps grant t ! ret5tion ( ! ^w 'con/itutional' _c protect ! c\ntry aga9/ me?ods su* z ,i am employ+4 ,x gives rise1 no d\bt1 to a lum9\s legal discussion1 b any su* discussion is fruitless :5 ! nation means bus9ess4 ,! o!r important alt]ation ref]s to ! limitation ( ! numb] ( delegates4 ,i believe t ! advantages ( su* a limitation are obvi\s4 ,we are fa/ rea*+ a "t :5 )\t any su* limitation ! ,congress w become an unwieldy body4 ,x is difficult ev5 to h an unlimit$ numb] ( visitors2 x is impossible to transact national bus9ess if we h an unlimit$ numb] ( delegates4 ,! next important alt]ation is ab\t ! election ( ! memb]s ( ! ,all-,india ,congress ,committee1 mak+ t committee practically ! ,subjects ,committee1 & ! r$i/ribution ( ,india = ! purposes ( ! ,congress on a l+ui/ic basis4 ,x is n necess>y to comm5t on ^! alt]ations1 b ,i wi% to add t if ! ,congress accepts ! pr9ciple ( limit+ ! numb] ( delegates x w\ld be advisable to introduce ! pr9ciple ( proportional repres5tation4 ,t w\ld enable all p>ties :o wi% to be repres5t$ at ! ,congress4 ,i obs]ve t ! ,s]vant ( ,india sees an inconsi/5cy betwe5 my impli$ acceptance ( ! ,briti% ,committee1 s f> z ! publi%$ draft con/itution is conc]n$1 & my rec5t article 9 ,"y ,india on t ,committee & ! newspap] ,india4 ,b x is well kn[n t = sev]al ye>s ,i h held my pres5t views ab\t ! exi/5ce ( t body4 ,x w\ld h be5 irrelevant = me1 p]haps1 to sugge/ to my colleagues ! ext9ction ( t committee4 ,x 0 n our function to report on ! usefulness or o!rwise ( ! ,committee4 ,we 7 commission$ only = prep>+ a new con/itution4 ,moreov] ,i knew t my colleagues 7 n av]se to ! exi/5ce ( ! ,briti% ,committee4 ,& ! draw+ up ( a new con/itution enabl$ me to %[ t :]e !re 0 no "q ( pr9ciple ,i 0 desir\s ( agree+ quickly ) my oppon5ts 9 op9ions4 ,b ,i propose c]ta9ly to press = abolition ( ! committee z x is at pres5t cont9u$1 & ! /opp+ ( its organ ,india4 ,,sw>aj ,,9 ,,n9e ,,mon?s ,ask$ by ! ,times repres5tative z to 8 impressions =m$ z a result ( 8 activities dur+ ! la/ ?ree mon?s1 ,mr4 ,g&hi said3--,my own impression ( ^! ?ree mon?s' ext5sive exp]i5ce is t ?is movem5t ( non-co-op]ation has come to /ay1 & x is mo/ decid$ly a purify+ movem5t1 9 spite ( isolat$ in/ances ( r[dyism1 z = in/ance at ,mrs4 ,besant's meet+ 9 ,bombay1 at "s places 9 ,delhi1 ,b5gal1 & ev5 9 ,guj>at4 ,! p are assimilat+ day aft] day ! _s ( non-viol5ce1 n necess>ily z a cre$1 b z an inevitable policy4 ,i expect mo/ />tl+ results1 m />tl+ ?an1 say1 ! discov]ies ( ,sir ,j4,c4 ,bose1 or ! acceptance by ! p ( non-viol5ce4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t c\ld be assur$ beyond any possibility ( d\bt t no viol5ce w\ld ev] be (f]$ by u ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld f t mom5t alt] its "*1 unconsci\sly & involunt>ily1 b none!less surely on t acc\nt4 ,alt] its "*1--9 :at1 direction8 ask$ ! ,times repres5tative4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ! direction :i* we ask x %\ld move--t be+ 9 ! direction ( ,gov]nm5t becom+ responsive to e call ( ! nation4 ,w y k9dly expla9 fur!r8 ask$ ! repres5tative4 ,by t ,i mean1 said ,mr4 ,g&hi1 p w be able by ass]t+ !mselves ?r\gh fix$ det]m9ation & self-sacrifice to ga9 ! r$ress ( ! ,khilafat wrong1 ! ,punjab wrong1 & atta9 ! ,sw>aj ( _! *oice4 ,b :at is y\r ,sw>aj1 & :]e does ! ,gov]nm5t come 9 !re--! ,gov]nm5t :i*1 y say w alt] its "* unconsci\sly8 ,my ,sw>aj1 said ,mr4 ,g&hi1 is ! ,p>liam5t>y ,gov]nm5t ( ,india 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! t]m = ! "t be+1 & t ,gov]nm5t w\ld be secur$ to u ei!r ?r\gh ! fri5dly (fices ( ! ,briti% p or )\t !m4 ,:at d y mean by ! phrase1 ')\t !m6' que/ion$ ! int]view]4 ,?is movem5t1 cont9u$ ,mr4 ,g&hi1 is an endeav\r to purge ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t ( selfi%ness & gre$ :i* det]m9e almo/ e "o ( _! activities4 ,suppose t we h made x impossible by disassociation f !m to fe$ _! gre$4 ,!y might n wi% to rema9 9 ,india1 z happ5$ 9 ! case ( ,somalil&1 :]e ! mom5t its adm9i/ration ceas$ to be a pay+ proposition !y evacuat$ x4 ,h[ d y ?9k1 qu]i$ ! repres5tative1 9 practice ?is w "w out8 ,:at ,i h sket*$ be=e y1 said ,mr4 ,g&hi1 is ! f9al possibility4 ,:at ,i expect is t no?+ ( t k9d w happ54 ,9 s f> z ,i und]/& ! ,briti% p ,i w recognise ! =ce ( public op9ion :5 x has become real & pat5t4 ,!n1 & only !n1 w !y realise ! hide\s inju/ice :i* 9 _! "n ! ,imp]ial m9i/]s & _! repres5tatives 9 ,india h p]petrat$4 ,!y w !re=e rem$y ! two wrongs 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! p1 & !y w also (f] a con/itution exactly 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,india1 z repres5t$ by _! *os5 lead]s4 ,suppos+ t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t wi% to retire because ,india is n a pay+ conc]n1 :at d y ?9k w !n be ! position ( ,india8 ,mr4 ,g&hi answ]$3 ,at t /age surely x is easy to und]/& t ,india w !n h evolv$ ei!r out/&+ spiritual height or ! ability to (f] viol5ce1 aga9/ viol5ce4 ,%e w h evolv$ an organis+ ability ( a high ord]1 & w !re=e be 9 e way able to cope ) any em]g5cy t might arise4 ,9 o!r words1 obs]v$ ! ,times repres5tative1 y expect ! mom5t ( ! ,briti% evacuation1 if su* a cont+5cy arises1 w co9cide ) ! mom5t ( ,india's prep>$ness & ability & conditions fav\rable = ,india to take ov] ! ,indian adm9i/ration z a go+ conc]n & "w x = ! b5efit & advancem5t ( ! ,nation8 ,mr4 ,g&hi answ]$ ! "q ) an emphatic affirmative4 ,my exp]i5ce dur+ ! la/ mon?s fills me ) ! hope1 cont9u$ ,mr4 ,g&hi1 t )9 ! n9e mon?s t rema9 ( ! ye> 9 :i* ,i h expect$ ,sw>aj = ,india we %all r$ress ! two wrongs & we %all see ,sw>aj e/abli%$ 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,india4 ,:]e w ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t be at ! end ( ! n9e mon?s8 ,ask$ ! ,times repres5tative4 ,mr4 ,g&hi1 ) a significant smile1 said3 ,! lion w !n lie ) ! lamb4 ,"y ,india1 ,decemb]1 #aibj4 ,,! ,,atta9m5t ,,( ,,sw>aj ,mr4 ,g&hi 9 mov+ 8 resolution on ! cre$ be=e ! ,congress1 said1 ,! resolution :i* ,i h ! hon\r to move is z foll[s3 ,! object ( ! ,indian ,national ,congress is ! atta9m5t ( ,sw>ajya by ! p ( ,india by all legitimate & peaceful means4 ,!re are only two k9ds ( objections1 s f> z ,i und]/&1 t w be advanc$ f ?is plat=m4 ,"o is t we may n to-day ?9k ( dissolv+ ! ,briti% connection4 ,:at ,i say is t x is d]ogatory to national dignity to ?9k ( p]man5ce ( ,briti% connection at any co/4 ,we are lab\r+ "u a griev\s wrong1 :i* x is ! p]sonal duty ( e ,indian to get r$ress$4 ,?is ,briti% ,gov]nm5t n only refus$ to r$ress ! wrong1 b x refuses to ackn[l$ge its mi/ake & s long z x reta9s its attitude1 x is n possible = u to say all t we want to be or all t we want to get1 reta9+ ,briti% connection4 ,no matt] :at difficulties be 9 our pa?1 we mu/ make ! cle>e/ possible decl>ation to ! _w & to ! :ole ( ,india1 t we may n possibly h ,briti% connection1 if ! ,briti% p w n d ?is elem5t>y ju/ice4 ,i d n1 = "o mom5t1 sugge/ t we want to end at ! ,briti% connection at all co/s1 unconditionally4 ,if ! ,briti% connection is = ! advancem5t ( ,india1 we d n want to de/roy x4 ,b if x is inconsi/5t ) our national self respect1 !n x is our b\nd5 duty to de/roy x4 ,!re is room 9 ?is resolution = bo?--^? :o believe t1 by reta9+ ,briti% connection1 we c purify ourselves & purify ,briti% p1 & ^? :o h no belief4 ,z = in/ance1 take ! extreme case ( ,mr4 ,&rews4 ,he says all hope = ,india is gone = keep+ ! ,briti% connection4 ,he says !re mu/ be complete sev]ance--complete indep5d5ce4 ,!re is room en\gh 9 ?is cre$ = a man l ,mr4 ,&rews also4 ,take ano!r illu/ration1 a man l myself or my bro!r ,%aukat ,ali4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no room = u1 if we h et]nally to subscribe to ! doctr9e1 :e!r ^! wrongs are r$ress$ or n1 we %all h to evolve ourselves )9 ! ,briti% ,empire2 !re is no room = me 9 t cre$4 ,!re=e ?is cre$ is ela/ic en\gh to take 9 bo? %ades ( op9ions & ! ,briti% p w h to bew>e t1 if !y d n want to d ju/ice1 x w be ! b\nd5 duty ( e ,indian to de/roy ! ,empire4 ,i want j n[ to w9d up my rem>ks ) a p]sonal appeal1 draw+ y\r att5tion to an object lesson t 0 pres5t$ 9 ! ,b5gal camp ye/]day4 ,if y want ,sw>aj1 y h got a demon/ration ( h[ to get ,sw>aj4 ,!re 0 a little bit ( skirmi%1 a little bit ( squabble1 & a little bit ( diff]5ce 9 ! ,b5gal camp1 z !re w always be diff]5ces s long z ! _w la/s4 ,i h kn[n diff]5ces betwe5 husb& & wife1 because ,i am /ill a husb&2 ,i h notic$ diff]5ces betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr51 because ,i am /ill a fa!r ( f\r boys1 & !y are all /rong en\gh to de/roy _! fa!r s f> z bodily /ruggle is conc]n$2 ,i possess t v>i$ exp]i5ce ( husb& & p>5t2 ,i "k t we %all always h squabbles1 we %all always h diff]5ces b ! lesson t ,i want to draw y\r att5tion to is t ,i _h ! hon\r & privilege ( address+ bo? ! p>ties4 ,!y gave me _! undivid$ att5tion & :at is m !y %[$ _! atta*m5t1 _! affection & _! fell[%ip = me by accept+ ! humble advice t ,i _h ! hon\r ( t5d]+ to !m1 & ,i told !m ,i am n "h to di/ribute ju/ice t c be aw>d$ only ?r\gh our wor?y presid5t4 ,b ,i ask y n to g to ! presid5t1 y ne$ n worry him4 ,if y are /rong1 if y are brave1 if y are int5t ^u gett+ ,sw>aj1 & if y really want to revise ! cre$1 !n y w bottle up y\r rage1 y w bottle up all ! feel+s ( inju/ice t may rankle 9 y\r he>ts & =get ^! ?+s "h "u ?is v ro( & ,i told !m to =get _! diff]5ces1 to =got ! wrongs4 ,i don't want to tell y or g into ! hi/ory ( t incid5t4 ,probably mo/ ( y "k4 ,i simply want to invite y\r att5tion to ! fact4 ,i don't say !y h settl$ up _! diff]5ces4 ,i hope !y h b ,i d "k t !y und]took to =get ! diff]5ces4 ,!y und]took n to worry ! ,presid5t1 !y und]took n to make any demon/ration "h or 9 ! ,subjects ,committee4 ,all hon\r to ^? :o li/5$ to t advice4 ,i only want$ my ,b5gali fri5ds & all ! o!r fri5ds :o h come to ?is great assembly ) a fix$ det]m9ation to seek no?+ b ! settlem5t ( _! c\ntry1 to seek no?+ b ! advancem5t ( _! respective rights1 to seek no?+ b ! cons]vation ( ! national hon\r4 ,i appeal to e "o ( y to copy ! example set by ^? :o felt aggriev$ & :o felt t _! heads 7 brok54 ,i "k1 be=e we h done ) ?is great battle on :i* we h emb>k$ at ! special sessions ( ! ,congress1 we h to g probably1 possibly ?r\gh a sea ( blood1 b let x n be said ( u or any "o ( u t we are guilty ( %$d+ blood1 b let x be said by g5]ations yet to be born t we suff]$1 t we %$ n somebody's blood b our own1 & s ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t ,i d n want to %[ mu* sympa?y = ^? :o _h _! heads brok5 or :o 7 said to be ev5 9 dang] ( los+ _! lives4 ,:at does x matt]8 ,x is mu* bett] to die at ! h&s1 at lea/1 ( our own c\ntrym54 ,:at is !re to rev5ge ourselves ab\t or ^u4 ,s ,i ask ev]yone ( y t if at any "t !re is blood-boil+ )9 y aga9/ "s fell[ c\ntrym5 ( y\rs1 ev5 ?\gh he may be 9 ! employ ( ,gov]nm5t1 ?\gh he may be 9 ! ,secret ,s]vice1 y w take c>e n to be (f5d$ & n to return bl[ = bl[4 ,und]/& t ! v mom5t y return ! bl[ f ! detective1 y\r cause is lo/4 ,?is is y\r non-viol5t campaign4 ,& s ,i ask ev]yone ( y n to retaliate b to bottle up all y\r rage1 to dismiss y\r rage f y & y w rise grav] m54 ,i am "h to congratulate ^? :o h re/ra9$ !mselves f go+ to ! ,presid5t & br++ ! dispute be=e him4 ,!re=e ,i appeal to ^? :o feel aggriev$ to feel t !y h done ! "r ?+ 9 =gett+ x & if !y h n =gott5 ,i ask !m to try to =get ! ?+2 & t is ! object lesson to :i* ,i want$ to draw y\r att5tion if y want to c>ry ?is resolution4 ,d n c>ry ?is resolution only by an acclamation = ?is resolution1 b ,i want y to accompany ! c>ry+ out ( ?is resolution ) a fai? & resolve :i* no?+ on e>? c move4 ,t y are int5t ^u gett+ ,sw>aj at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t & t y are int5t ^u gett+ ,sw>aj by means t are legitimate1 t are hon\rable & by means t are non-viol5t1 t are peaceful1 y h resolv$ ^u1 s f> y c say to-day4 ,we _c give battle to ?is ,gov]nm5t by means ( /eel1 b we c give battle by ex]cis+1 :at ,i h s (t5 call$1 s\l =ce & s\l =ce is n ! pr]ogative ( "o man ( a ,sanyasi or ev5 a s-call$ sa9t4 ,s\l =ce is ! pr]ogative ( e human be+1 female or male & !re=e ,i ask my c\ntrym51 if !y want to accept ?is resolution1 to accept x ) t firm det]m9ation & to und]/& t x is inaugurat$ "u su* good & fav\rable auspices z ,i h describ$ to y4 ,9 my humble op9ion1 ! ,congress w h done ! righte/ ?+1 if x unanim\sly adopts ?is resolution4 ,may ,god grant t y w pass ?is resolution unanim\sly1 may ,god grant t y w also h ! c\rage & ! ability to c>ry out ! resolution & t )9 "o ye>4 ,v4 ,,h9du ,,moslem ,,unity ,a dialogue betwe5 ,editor & read] on ! ,h9du-,moslem ,unity--,indian ,home ,rule4 ,,! ,,h9dus ,,& ,,! ,,mahom$ans4 ,,editor3 ,y\r la/ "q is a s]i\s "o1 & yet1 on c>eful consid]ation1 x w be f\nd to be easy ( solution4 ,! "q arises because ( ! pres5ce ( ! railways ( ! lawy]s1 & ( ! doctors4 ,we %all pres5tly exam9e ! la/ two4 ,we h already consid]$ ! railways4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 l to add t man is s made by nature z to require him to re/rict 8 movem5ts z f> z 8 h&s & feet w take him4 ,if we did n ru% ab\t f place to place by means ( railways su* o!r madd5+ conv5i5ces1 mu* ( ! confusion t arises w\ld be obviat$4 ,our difficulties are ( our own creation4 ,god set a limit to a man's locomotive ambition 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 body4 ,man imm$iately proce$$ to discov] means ( ov]rid+ ! limit4 ,god gift$ man ) intellect t he might "k 8 ,mak]4 ,man abus$ x1 s t he might =get 8 ,mak]4 ,i am s con/ruct$ t ,i c only s]ve my imm$iate neighb\rs1 b1 9 my conceit1 ,i pret5d to h discov]$ t ,i mu/ ) my body s]ve e individual 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,9 ?us attempt+ ! impossible1 man comes 9 contact ) diff]5t natures1 diff]5t religions1 & is utt]ly conf\nd$4 ,accord+ to ?is reason+1 x mu/ be app>5t to y t railways are a mo/ dang]\s in/itution4 ,man has !re=e gone fur!r away f 8 ,mak]4 ,,read]3 ,b ,i am impati5t to he> y\r answ] to my "q4 ,has ! introduction ( ,mahom$anism n unmade ! nation8 ,,editor3 ,india _c cease to be "o nation because p belong+ to diff]5t religions live 9 x4 ,! introduction ( =eign]s does n necess>ily de/roy ! nation1 !y m]ge 9 x4 ,a c\ntry is "o nation only :5 su* a condition obta9s 9 x4 ,t c\ntry mu/ h a faculty = assimilation4 ,india has ev] be5 su* a c\ntry4 ,9 reality1 !re are z _m religions z !re are individuals1 b ^? :o are consci\s ( ! _s ( nationality d n int]f]e ) "o ano!r's religion4 ,if !y d1 !y are n fit to be consid]$ a nation4 ,if ! ,h9dus believe t ,india %\ld be peopl$ only by ,h9dus1 !y are liv+ 9 dreaml&4 ,! ,h9dus1 ! ,mahom$ans1 ! ,p>sees & ! ,*ri/ians :o h made ,india _! c\ntry are fell[ c\ntrym51 & !y w h to live 9 unity if only = _! own int]e/4 ,9 no "p ( ! _w are "o nationality & "o religion synonym\s t]ms3 nor has x ev] be5 s 9 ,india4 ,,read]3 ,b :at ab\t ! inborn enmity betwe5 ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans8 ,,editor3 ,t phrase has be5 inv5t$ by our mutual enemy4 ,:5 ! ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans f\ght aga9/ "o ano!r1 !y c]ta9ly spoke 9 t /ra94 ,!y h long s9ce ceas$ to fight4 ,h[1 !n1 c !re be any inborn enmity8 ,pray rememb] ?is1 too1 t we did n cease to fight only aft] ,briti% occupation4 ,! ,h9dus fl\ri%$ "u ,moslem sov]eigns1 & ,moslems "u ! ,h9du4 ,ea* p>ty recognis$ t mutual fight+ 0 suicidal1 & t nei!r p>ty w\ld ab&on its religion by =ce ( arms4 ,bo? p>ties1 !re=e1 decid$ to live 9 peace4 ,) ! ,engli% adv5t ! qu>rels recomm5c$4 ,! prov]bs y h quot$ 7 co9$ :5 bo? 7 fight+2 to quote !m n[ is obvi\sly h>mful4 ,%\ld we n rememb] t _m ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans own ! same ance/ors1 & ! same blood runs ?r\gh _! ve9s8 ,d p become enemies because !y *ange _! religion8 ,is ! ,god ( ! ,mahom$an diff]5t f ! ,god ( ! ,h9du8 ,religions are diff]5t roads conv]g+ to ! same po9t4 ,:at does x matt] t we take diff]5t roads1 s long z we rea* ! same goal8 ,:]e9 is ! cause = qu>rell+8 ,moreov]1 !re are deadly prov]bs z betwe5 ! foll[]s ( ,%iva & ^? ( ,vi%nu1 yet nobody sugge/s t ^! two d n belong to ! same nation4 ,x is said t ! ,v$ic religion is diff]5t f ,ja9ism1 b ! foll[]s ( ! respective fai?s are n diff]5t nations4 ,! fact is t we h become enslav$1 &1 !re=e1 qu>rel & l to h our qu>rels decid$ by a ?ird p>ty4 ,!re are ,h9du iconocla/s z !re are ,mahom$an4 ,! m we advance 9 true k1 ! bett] we %all und]/& t we ne$ n be at w> ) ^? ^: religion we may n foll[4 ,,read]3 ,n[ ,i w\ld l to "k y\r views ab\t c[ protection4 ,,editor3 ,i myself respect ! c[1 t is1 ,i look ^u h] ) affectionate rev]5ce4 ,! c[ is ! protector ( ,india1 because1 x be+ an agricultural c\ntry1 is dep5d5t on ! c['s prog5y4 ,%e is a mo/ useful animal 9 hundr$s ( ways4 ,our ,mahom$an bre?r5 w admit ?is4 ,b1 j z ,i respect ! c[ s d ,i respect my fell[-m54 ,a man is j z useful z a c[1 no matt] :e!r he be a ,mahom$an or a ,h9du4 ,am ,i1 !n to fight ) or kill a ,mahom$an 9 ord] to save a c[8 ,9 do+ s1 ,i w\ld become an enemy z well ( ! c[ z ( ! ,mahom$an4 ,!re=e1 ! only me?od ,i "k ( protect+ ! c[ is t ,i %\ld approa* my ,mahom$an bro!r & urge him = ! sake ( ! c\ntry to jo9 me 9 protect+ h]4 ,if he w\ld n li/5 to me1 ,i %\ld let ! c[ g = ! simple reason t ! matt] is beyond my ability4 ,if ,i 7 ov] full ( pity = ! c[1 ,i %\ld sacrifice my life to save h]1 b n take my bro!r's4 ,?is1 ,i hold1 is ! law ( our religion4 ,:5 m5 become ob/9ate1 x is a difficult ?+4 ,if ,i pull "o way1 my ,moslem bro!r w pull ano!r4 ,if ,i put on a sup]ior air1 he w return ! complim5t4 ,if ,i b[ to him g5tly1 he w d x mu*1 m s1 & if he does n1 ,i %all n be consid]$ to h done wrong 9 hav+ b[$4 ,:5 ! ,h9dus became insi/5t1 ! kill+ ( c[s increas$4 ,9 my op9ion1 c[ protection societies may be consid]$ c[ kill+ societies4 ,x is a disgrace to u t we %\ld ne$ su* societies4 ,:5 we =got h[ to protect c[s1 ,i suppose we ne$$ su* societies4 ,:at am ,i to d :5 a blood-bro!r is on ! po9t ( kill+ a c[8 ,am ,i to kill him1 or to fall d[n at 8 feet & implore him8 ,if y admit t ,i %\ld adopt ! latt] c\rse ,i mu/ d ! same to my ,moslem bro!r4 ,:o protects ! c[ f de/ruction by ,h9dus :5 !y cruelly ill-treat h]8 ,:oev] reasons ) ! ,h9dus :5 !y m]cilessly belab\r ! prog5y ( ! c[ ) _! /icks8 ,b ?is has n prev5t$ u f rema9+ "o nation4 ,la/ly1 if x be true t ! ,h9dus believe 9 ! doctr9e ( non-kill+1 & ! ,mahom$ans d n1 :at1 ,i pray1 is ! duty ( ! =m]8 ,x is n writt5 t a foll[] ( ! religion ( ,ahimsa 7non-kill+7 may kill a fell[-man4 ,= him ! way is /raight4 ,9 ord] to save "o be+1 he may n kill ano!r4 ,he c only plead--!re9 lies 8 sole duty4 ,b does e ,h9du believe 9 ,ahimsa8 ,go+ to ! root ( ! matt]1 n "o man really practises su* a religion1 because we d de/roy life4 ,we are said to foll[ t religion because we want to obta9 fre$om f liability to kill any k9d ( life4 ,g5]ally speak+1 we may obs]ve t _m ,h9dus p>take ( meat & are n1 !re=e1 foll[]s ( ,ahimsa4 ,x is1 !re=e1 prepo/]\s to sugge/ t ! two _c live toge!r amicably because ! ,h9dus believe 9 ,ahimsa & ! ,mahom$ans d n4 ,^! ?\ghts are put into our m9ds by selfi% & false religi\s tea*]s4 ,! ,engli% put ! f9i%+ t\*4 ,!y h a habit ( writ+ hi/ory2 !y pret5d to /udy ! mann]s & cu/oms ( all peoples1 ,god has giv5 u a limit$ m5tal capacity1 b !y usurp ! function ( ! ,godhead & indulge 9 novel exp]im5ts4 ,!y write ab\t _! own rese>*es 9 mo/ laudatory t]ms & hypnotise u into believ+ !m4 ,we 9 our ignorance1 !n fall at _! feet4 ,^? :o d n wi% to misund]/& ?+s may read up ! ,koran1 & w f9d !re9 hundr$s ( passages acceptable to ! ,h9dus2 & ! ,bhagavad ,gita conta9s passages to :i* n a ,mahom$an c take exception4 ,am ,i to dislike a ,mahom$an because !re are passages 9 ! ,koran ,i d n und]/& or l8 ,x takes two to make a qu>rel4 ,if ,i d n want to qu>rel ) a ,mahom$an1 ! latt] w be p[]less to foi/ a qu>rel on me1 &1 simil>ly1 ,i %\ld be p[]less if a ,mahom$an refuses 8 assi/ance to qu>rel ) me4 ,an arm /rik+ ! air w become disjo9t$4 ,if ev]yone w try to und]/& ! core ( 8 own religion & adh]e to x1 & w n all[ false tea*]s to dictate to him1 !re w be no room left = qu>rell+4 ,,read]3 ,b1 w ! ,engli% ev] all[ ! two bodies to jo9 h&s8 ,,editor3 ,?is "q arises out ( y\r timidity4 ,x betrays our %all[ness4 ,if two bro!rs want to live 9 peace1 is x possible = a ?ird p>ty to sep>ate !m8 ,if !y 7 to li/5 to evil c\nsels1 we w\ld consid] !m to be fooli%4 ,simil>ly1 we ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans w\ld h to blame our folly r ?an ! ,engli%1 if we all[$ !m to put asund]4 ,a clay pot w\ld break ?r\gh impact2 if n ) "o /one1 ?\ ) ano!r4 ,! way to save ! pot is n to keep x away f ! dang] po9t1 b to bake x s t no /one w\ld break x4 ,we h !n to make our he>ts ( p]fectly bak$ clay4 ,!n we %all be /eel$ aga9/ all dang]4 ,?is c be easily done by ! ,h9dus4 ,!y are sup]ior 9 numb]s1 !y pret5d t !y are m educat$1 !y are1 !re=e1 bett] able to %ield !mselves f attack on _! amicable relations ) ! ,mahom$ans4 ,!re is a mutual di/ru/ betwe5 ! two communities4 ,! ,mahom$ans1 !re=e1 ask = c]ta9 concessions f ,"l ,morley4 ,:y %\ld ! ,h9dus oppose ?is8 ,if ! ,h9dus desi/$1 ! ,engli% w\ld notice x1 ! ,mahom$ans w\ld gradually beg9 to tru/ ! ,h9dus1 & bro!rl9ess w\ld be ! outcome4 ,we %\ld be a%am$ to take our qu>rels to ! ,engli%4 ,ev]yone c f9d out = himself t ! ,h9dus c lose no?+ be desi/+4 ,! man :o has inspir$ confid5ce 9 ano!r has nev] lo/ any?+ 9 ?is _w4 ,i d n sugge/ t ! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans w nev] fight4 ,two bro!rs liv+ toge!r (t5 d s4 ,we %all sometimes h our heads brok54 ,su* a ?+ ought n to be necess>y1 b all m5 are n equi-m9d$4 ,:5 p are 9 a rage1 !y d _m fooli% ?+s4 ,^! we h to put up )4 ,b1 :5 we d qu>rel1 we c]ta9ly d n want to engage c\nsel & to resort to ,engli% or any law-c\rts4 ,two m5 fight2 bo? h _! heads brok51 or "o only4 ,h[ %all a ?ird p>ty di/ribute ju/ice among/ !m8 ,^? :o fight may expect to be injur$4 ,,h9du-,,mahom$an ,,unity ,mr4 ,c&l] "s "t ago ask$ me 9 an imag9>y int]view :e!r if ,i 0 s9c]e 9 my pr(essions ( ,h9du-,mahom$an ,unity4 ,i w\ld eat & dr9k ) a ,mahom$ean & give my daught] 9 m>riage to a ,mahom$an4 ,?is "q has be5 ask$ aga9 by "s fri5ds 9 ano!r =m4 ,is x necess>y = ,h9du ,mahom$an ,unity t !re %\ld he int]d9+ & int]m>ry+8 ,! que/ion]s say t if ! two are necess>y1 real unity c nev] take place because crores ( ,sanatanis w\ld nev] reconcile !mselves to int]d9+1 mu* less to int]m>riage4 ,i am "o ( ^? :o d n consid] ca/e to be a h>mful in/itution4 ,9 its orig9 ca/e 0 a :olesome cu/om & promot$ national well-be+4 ,9 my op9ion ! idea t int]d9+ or int]m>ry+ is necess>y = national gr[?1 is a sup]/ition borr[$ f ! ,we/4 ,eat+ is a process j z vital z ! o!r sanit>y necessities ( life4 ,& if mank9d _h n1 mu* to its h>m1 made ( eat+ a feti% & indulg5ce we w\ld h p]=m$ ! op]ation ( eat+ 9 private ev5 z "o p]=ms ! o!r necess>y functions ( life 9 private4 ,inde$ ! highe/ culture 9 ,h9duism reg>ds eat+ 9 t light & !re are ?\s&s ( ,h9dus /ill liv+ :o w n eat _! food 9 ! pres5ce ( anybody4 ,i c recall ! names ( sev]al cultur$ m5 & wom5 :o ate _! food 9 entire privacy b :o nev] _h any illwill aga9/ anybody & :o liv$ on ! fri5dlie/ t]ms ) all4 ,int]m>riage is a /ill m difficult "q4 ,if bro!rs & si/]s c live on ! fri5dlie/ foot+ )\t ev] ?9k+ ( m>ry+ ea* o!r1 ,i c see no difficulty 9 my daught] reg>d+ e ,mahom$an bro!r & vice v]sa4 ,i hold /rong views on religion & on m>riage4 ,! great] ! re/ra9t we ex]cise ) reg>d to our appetites :e!r ab\t eat+ or m>ry+1 ! bett] we become f a religi\s /&po9t4 ,i %\ld despair ( ev] cultivat+ amicable relations ) ! _w1 if ,i _h to recognise ! "r or ! propriety ( any "y man (f]+ 8 h& 9 m>riage to my daught] or to reg>d x z necess>y = me to d9e ) anybody & ev]ybody4 ,i claim t ,i am liv+ on t]ms ( fri5dl9ess ) ! :ole _w4 ,i h nev] qu>rell$ ) a s+le ,mahom$an or ,*ri/ian b = ye>s ,i h tak5 no?+ b fruit 9 ,mahom$an or ,*ri/ian h\seholds4 ,i w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly decl9e to eat food cook$ f ! same plate ) my son or to dr9k wat] out ( a cup :i* 8 lips h t\*$ & :i* has n be5 wa%$4 ,b ! re/ra9t or ! exclusiv5ess ex]cis$ 9 ^! matt]s by me has nev] affect$ ! close/ companion%ip ) ! ,mahom$an or ! ,*ri/ian fri5ds or my sons4 ,b int]d9+ & int]m>riage h nev] be5 a b> to disunion1 qu>rels & worse4 ,! ,p&avas & ! ,kauravas flew at "o ano!r's ?roats )\t compunction al?\gh !y int]d9$ & int]m>ri$4 ,! bitt]ness betwe5 ! ,engli% & ! ,g]mans has n yet di$ out4 ,! fact is t int]m>riage & int]d9+ are n necess>y factors 9 fri5d%ip & unity ?\gh !y are (t5 emblems !re(4 ,b insi/5ce on ei!r ! "o or ! o!r c easily become & is to-day a b> to ,h9du-,mahom$an ,unity4 ,if we make ourselves believe t ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans _c be "o unless !y int]d9e or int]m>ry1 we w\ld be creat+ an artificial b>ri] betwe5 u :i* x might be almo/ impossible to remove4 ,& x w\ld s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! fl[+ unity betwe5 ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans if1 = example1 ,mahom$an y\?s consid] x lawful to c\rt ,h9du girls4 ,! ,h9du p>5ts w n1 ev5 if !y suspect$ any su* ?+1 freely admit ,mahom$ans to _! homes z !y h begun to d n[4 ,9 my op9ion x is necess>y = ,h9du & ,mahom$an "y m5 to recognise ?is limitation4 ,i hold x to be utt]ly impossible = ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans to int]m>ry & yet reta9 intact ea* o!r's religion4 ,& ! true beauty ( ,h9du-,mahom$an ,unity lies 9 ea* rema9+ true to 8 own religion & yet be+ true to ea* o!r4 ,=1 we are ?9k+ ( ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans ev5 ( ! mo/ or?odox type be+ able to reg>d "o ano!r z natural fri5ds in/ead ( reg>d+ "o ano!r z natural enemies z !y h done hi!rto4 ,:at !n does ! ,h9du-,mahom$an ,unity consi/ 9 & h[ c x be be/ promot$8 ,! answ] is simple4 ,x consi/s 9 our hav+ a common purpose1 a common goal & common sorr[s4 ,x is be/ promot$ by co-op]at+ to rea* ! common goal1 by %>+ "o ano!r's sorr[ & by mutual tol]ation4 ,a common goal we h4 ,we wi% ?is great c\ntry ( ours to be great] & self-gov]n+4#d ,we h en\gh sorr[s to %>e & to-day see+ t ! ,mahom$ans are deeply t\*$ on ! "q ( ,khilafat & _! case is j1 no?+ c be s p[]ful = w9n+ ,mahom$ans fri5d%ip = ! ,h9du z to give 8 :ole-he>t$ support to ! ,mahom$an claim4 ,no am\nt ( dr9k+ out ( ! same cup or d9+ out ( ! same b[l c b9d ! two z ?is help 9 ! ,khilafat "q4 ,& mutual tol]ation is a necessity = all "t & = all races4 ,we _c live 9 peace if ! ,h9du w n tol]ate ! ,mahom$an =m ( wor%ip ( ,god & 8 mann]s & cu/oms or if ! mahom$ans w be impati5t ( ,h9du idolatory1 c[-wor%ip4 ,x is n necess>y = tol]ation t ,i mu/ approve ( :at ,i tol]ate4 ,i he>tily dislike dr9k+1 meat eat+ & smok+1 b ,i tol]ate all ^! 9 ,h9dus1 ,mahom$ans & ,*ri/ians ev5 z ,i expect !m to tol]ate my ab/95ce f all ^!1 al?\gh !y may dislike x4 ,all ! qu>rels betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans h aris5 f ea* want+ to =ce ! o!r 8 view4 ,,h9du-,,muslim ,,unity ,!re c be no d\bt t successful non-co-op]ation dep5ds z mu* on ,h9du-,muslim ,unity z on non-viol5ce4 ,greate/ /ra9 w be put ^u bo? 9 ! c\rse ( ! /ruggle & if x survives t /ra91 victory is a c]ta9ty4 ,a sev]e /ra9 0 put ^u x 9 ,agra & x has be5 /at$ t :5 ei!r p>ty w5t to ! au?orities !y 7 ref]r$ to ,maulana ,%aukat ,ali & me4 ,=tunately !re 0 a f> bett] man at h&4 ,hakimji ,ajmal khan is a dev\t ,muslim :o comm&s ! confid5ce & ! respect ( bo? ! p>ties4 ,he ) 8 b& ( work]s ha/5$ to ,agra1 settl$ ! dispute & ! p>ties became fri5ds z !y 7 nev] be=e4 ,an incid5t occurr$ ne>] ,delhi & ! same influ5ce work$ successfully to avoid :at might h become an explosion4 ,b ,hakimji ,ajmal khan _c be ev]y:]e appe>+ at ! exact h\r z an angel ( peace4 ,nor c ,maulana ,%ankat ,ali or ,i g ev]y:]e4 ,& yet p]fect peace mu/ be obs]v$ betwe5 ! two communities 9 spite ( attempts to divide !m4 ,:y 0 !re any appeal made to ! au?orities at all at ,agra8 ,if we are to "w out non-co-op]ation ) any degree ( success we mu/ be able to disp5se ) ! protection ( ! ,gov]nm5t :5 we qu>rel among ourselves4 ,! :ole s*eme ( non-co-op]ation mu/ break to pieces1 if our f9al reliance is to be ^u ,briti% int]v5tion = ! adju/m5t ( our qu>rels or ! puni%m5t ( ! guilty ones4 ,9 e village & hamlet !re mu/ be at lea/ "o ,h9du & "o ,muslim1 ^: prim>y bus9ess mu/ be to prev5t qu>rels betwe5 ! two4 ,"s times h[ev]1 ev5 blood-bro!rs come to bl[s4 ,9 ! initial /ages we are b\nd to d s "h & !re4 ,un=tunately we :o are public work]s h made little attempt to und]/& & influ5ce ! masses & lea/ ( all ! mo/ turbul5t among !m4 ,dur+ ! process ( ins9uat+ ourselves 9 ! e/imation ( ! masses & until we h ga9$ control ov] ! unruly1 !re are b\nd to be exhibitions ( ha/y temp] n[ & !n4 ,we mu/ le>n at su* times to d )\t an appeal to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,hakimji ,ajmal ,khan has %[n u h[ to d x4 ,! union t we want is n a pat*$ up ?+ b a union ( he>ts bas$ ^u a def9ite recognition ( ! indubitable proposition t ,sw>aj = ,india mu/ be an impossible dream )\t an indissoluble union betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ! ,muslims ( ,india4 ,x mu/ n be a m]e truce4 ,x _c be bas$ ^u mutual fe>4 ,x mu/ be a p>tn]%ip betwe5 equals ea* respect+ ! religion ( ! o!r4 ,i w\ld frankly despair ( rea*+ su* union if !re 0 any?+ 9 ! holy ,quran enjo9+ ^u ! foll[]s ( ,islam to treat ,h9dus z _! natural enemies or if !re 0 any?+ 9 ,h9duism to w>rant a belief 9 ! et]nal enmity betwe5 ! two4 ,we w\ld ill le>n our hi/ory if we conclude t because we h qu>rell$ 9 ! pa/1 we are de/9$ s to cont9ue unless "s su* /rong p[] l ! ,briti% keep u by =ce ( arms f fly+ at ea* o!r's ?roats4 ,b ,i am conv9c$ t !re is no w>rant 9 ,islam or ,h9duism = any su* belief4 ,true x is t int]e/$ fanatical prie/s 9 bo? religions h set ! "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,x is equally true t ,muslim rul]s l ,*ri/ian rul]s h us$ ! sword = ! propagation ( _! respective fai?s4 ,b 9 spite ( _m d>k ?+s ( ! mod]n times1 ! _w's op9ion to-day w z little tol]ate =cible conv]sions z x w tol]ate =cible slav]y4 ,t probably is ! mo/ effective contribution ( ! sci5tific _s ( ! age4 ,t _s has revolutionis$ _m a false notion ab\t ,*ri/ianity z x has ab\t ,islam4 ,i d n "k a s+le writ] on ,islam :o def5ds ! use ( =ce 9 ! proselytis+ process4 ,! influ5ces ex]t$ 9 our times are f> m subtle ?an t ( ! sword4 ,i believe t 9 ! mid/ ( all ! blood%$1 *icane & fraud be+ resort$ to on a colossal scale 9 ! we/1 ! :ole humanity is sil5tly b surely mak+ progress t[>ds a bett] age4 ,& ,india by f9d+ true indep5d5ce & self-expression ?r\gh an imp]i%able ,h9du-,muslim unity & ?r\gh non-viol5t means1 i4e41 unadult]at$ self sacrifice c po9t a way out ( ! prevail+ d>kness4 ,,vi4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,depress$ ,,classes ,,depress$ ,,classes ,vivekan& us$ to call ! ,pan*amas 'suppress$ classes4' ,!re is no d\bt t ,vivekan&'s is a m accurate adjective4 ,we h suppress$ !m & h consequ5tly become ourselves depress$4 ,t we h become ! ',p>iahs ( ! ,empire' is1 9 ,gokhale's language1 ! retributive ju/ice met$ out to u by a j ,god4 ,a correspond5t indignantly asks me 9 a pa!tic lett] reproduc$ else:]e1 :at ,i am do+ = !m4 ,i h giv5 ! lett] ) ! correspond5t's own head+4 ,%\ld n we ! ,h9dus wa% our blood/a9$ h&s be=e we ask ! ,engli% to wa% !irs8 ,?is is a prop] "q reasonably put4 ,& if a memb] ( a slave nation c\ld deliv] ! suppress$ classes f _! slav]y )\t free+ myself f my own1 ,i w\ld d s to day4 ,b x is an impossible task4 ,a slave has n ! fre$om ev5 to d ! "r ?+4 ,x is a "r = me to prohibit ! importation ( =eign goods1 b ,i h no p[] to br+ x ab\t4 ,x 0 "r = ,maulana ,mahom$ ,ali to g to ,turkey & to tell ! ,turks p]sonally t ,india 0 ) !m 9 _! righte\s /ruggle4 ,he 0 n free to d s4 ,if ,i _h a truly national legislative ,i w\ld answ] ,h9du insol5ce by creat+ special & bett] wells = ! exclusive use ( suppress$ classes & by erect+ bett] & m num]\s s*ools = !m1 s t !re w\ld be n a s+le memb] ( ! suppress$ classes left )\t a s*ool to tea* _! *ildr54 ,b ,i mu/ wait = t bett] day4 ,mean:ile are ! depress$ classes to be l(t to _! own res\rces8 ,no?+ ( ! sort4 ,9 my own humble mann] ,i h done & am do+ all ,i c = my ,pan*ama bro!r4 ,!re are ?ree c\rses op5 to ^? d[ntrodd5 memb]s ( ! nation4 ,= _! impati5ce !y may call 9 ! assi/ance ( ! slave own+ ,gov]nm5t4 ,!y w get x b !y w fall f ! fry+ pan into ! fire4 ,to-day !y are slaves ( slaves4 ,by seek+ ,gov]nm5t aid1 !y w be us$ = suppress+ _! ki? & k94 ,in/ead ( be+ s9n$ aga9/1 !y w !mselves be ! s9n]s4 ,! ,mussalmans tri$ x & fail$4 ,!y f\nd t !y 7 worse (f ?an be=e4 ,! ,sikhs did x unwitt+ly & fail$4 ,to-day !re is no m discont5t$ community 9 ,india ?an ! ,sikhs4 ,gov]nm5t aid is !re=e no solution4 ,! second is rejection ( ,h9duism & :olesale conv]sion to ,islam or ,*ri/ianity4 ,& if a *ange ( religion c\ld be ju/ifi$ = worldly bett]m5t1 ,i w\ld advise x )\t hesitation4 ,b religion is a matt] ( ! he>t4 ,no physical inconv5i5ce c w>rant ab&onm5t ( "o's own religion4 ,if ! inhuman treatm5t ( ! ,pan*amas 7 a "p ( ,h9duism1 its rejection w\ld be a p>am\nt duty bo? = !m & = ^? l me :o w\ld n make a feti% ev5 ( religion & condone e evil 9 its sacr$ "n4 ,b1 ,i believe t unt\*ability is no "p ( ,h9duism4 ,x is r its excresc5ce to be remov$ by e ef=t4 ,& !re is q an army ( ,h9du re=m]s :o h set _! he>t ^u ridd+ ,h9duism ( ?is blot4 ,conv]sion1 !re=e1 ,i hold1 is no rem$y :atsoev]4 ,!n !re rema9s1 f9ally1 self-help & self-dep5d5ce1 ) su* aid z ! non-,pan*ama ,h9dus w r5d] ( _! own motion1 n z a matt] ( patronage b z a matt] ( duty4 ,& h]e9 comes ! use ( non-co-op]ation4 ,my correspond5t 0 correctly in=m$ by ,mr4 ,rajagopalu*>i & ,mr4 ,hanumant>ao t ,i w\ld fav\r well-regulat$ non-co-op]ation = ?is ackn[l$g$ evil4 ,b non-co-op]ation means indep5d5ce ( outside help1 x means ef=t f )94 ,x w\ld n be non-co-op]ation to insi/ on visit+ prohibit$ areas4 ,t may be civil disob$i5ce if x is peacefully c>ri$ out4 ,b ,i h f\nd to my co/ t civil disob$i5ce requires f> great] prelim9>y tra9+ & self-control4 ,all c non-co-op]ate1 b few only c (f] civil disob$i5ce4 ,!re=e1 by way ( prote/ aga9/ ,h9duism1 ! ,pan*amas c c]ta9ly /op all contact & connection ) ! o!r ,h9dus s long z special grievances are ma9ta9$4 ,b ?is means organis$ intellig5t ef=t4 ,& s f> z ,i c see1 !re is no lead] among ! ,pan*amas :o c lead !m to victory ?r\gh non-co-op]ation4 ,! bett] way1 !re=e1 p]haps1 is = ! ,pan*amas he>tily to jo9 ! great national movem5t t is n[ go+ on = ?r[+ (f ! slav]y ( ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is easy en\gh = ! ,pan*ama fri5ds to see t non-co-op]ation aga9/ ?is evil gov]nm5t presupposes co-op]ation betwe5 ! diff]5t sections =m+ ! ,indian nation4 ,! ,h9dus mu/ realise t if !y wi% to (f] successful non-co-op]ation aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t1 !y mu/ make common cause ) ! ,pan*amas1 ev5 z !y h made common cause ) ! ,mussalmans4 ,non-co-op]ation ) x is free f viol5ce1 is ess5tially a movem5t ( int5sive self-purification4 ,t process has comm5c$ & :e!r ! ,pan*amas delib]ately take "p 9 x or n1 ! re/ ( ! ,h9dus d>e n neglect !m )\t hamp]+ _! own progress4 ,h5ce ?\gh ! ,pan*ama problem is z de> to me z life itself1 ,i re/ satisfi$ ) ! exclusive att5tion to national non-co-op]ation4 ,i feel sure t ! great] includes ! less4 ,closely alli$ to ?is "q is ! non-,brahm9 "q4 ,i wi% ,i _h /udi$ x m closely ?an ,i h be5 able to4 ,a quotation f my spee* deliv]$ at a private meet+ 9 ,madras has be5 torn f its context & misus$ to fur!r ! antagonism betwe5 ! s-call$ ,brahm9s & ! s-call$ non-,brahm9s4 ,i d n wi% to retract a ^w ( :at ,i said at t meet+1 ,i 0 appeal+ to ^? :o are accept$ z ,brahm9s4 ,i told !m t 9 my op9ion ! treatm5t ( non-,brahm9s by ! ,brahm9s 0 z satanic z ! treatm5t ( u by ! ,briti%4 ,i add$ t ! non-,brahm9s %\ld be placat$ )\t any ado or b>ga9+4 ,b my rem>ks 7 nev] int5d$ to enc\rage ! p[]ful non-,brahm9s ( ,mah>a%ira or ,madras1 or ! mis*iev\s elem5t among !m1 to ov]awe ! s-call$ ,brahm9s4 ,i use ! ^w 's-call$' advis$ly4 ,= ! ,brahm9s :o h fre$ !mselves f ! ?raldom ( sup]/iti\s or?odoxy h n only no qu>rel ) non-,brahm9s z su*1 b are 9 e way eag] to advance non-,brahm9s :]ev] !y are weak4 ,no lov] ( 8 c\ntry c possibly a*ieve its g5]al advance if he d>$ to neglect ! lea/ ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,^? non-,brahm9s !re=e :o are coquet+ ) ! ,gov]nm5t are sell+ !mselves & ! nation to :i* !y belong4 ,by all means let ^? :o h fai? 9 ! ,gov]nm5t help to su/a9 x1 b let no ,indian wor?y ( 8 bir? cut (f 8 nose to spite ! face4 ,,amelioration ,,( ,,! ,,depress$ ,,classes ,! resolution ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,guj>at ,national ,univ]sity 9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,&rews' "q ab\t ! admission ( *ildr5 ( ! 'depress$' classes to ! s*ools affiliat$ to t ,univ]sity is report$ to h rais$ a flutt] 9 ,ahm$abad4 ,n only has ! flutt] giv5 satisfaction to a ',times ( ,india' correspond5t1 b ! occasion has l$ to ! discov]y by him ( ano!r defect 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,s5ate 9 t x does n conta9 a s+le ,muslim memb]4 ,! discov]y1 h[ev]1 ,i may in=m ! read]1 is no pro( ( ! want ( national "* ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,! ,h9du-,muslim unity is no m]e lip expression4 ,x requires no artificial pro(s4 ,! simple reason :y !re is no ,mussalman repres5tative on ! ,s5ate is t no high] educat$ ,mussalman1 able to give 8 "t1 has be5 f\nd to take suffici5t int]e/ 9 ! national education movem5t4 ,i m]ely ref] to ?is matt] to %[ t we mu/ reckon ) attempts to discr$it ! movem5t ev5 mis9t]pretation ( motives4 ,t is a difficulty f )\t & easi] to deal )4 ,! 'depress$' classes difficulty is int]nal & !re=e f> m s]i\s because x may give rise to a split & weak5 ! cause--no cause c survive int]nal difficulties if !y are indef9itely multipli$4 ,yet !re c be no surr5d] 9 ! matt] ( pr9ciples = ! avoidance ( splits4 ,y _c promote a cause :5 y are und]m9+ x by surr5d]+ its vital p>ts4 ,! depress$ classes problem is a vital "p ( ! cause4 ,sw>aj is z inconceivable )\t full rep>ation to ! 'depress$' classes z x is impossible )\t real ,h9du-,muslim unity4 ,9 my op9ion we h become 'p>iahs ( ! ,empire' because we h creat$ 'p>iahs' 9 our mid/4 ,! slave own] is always m hurt ?an ! slave4 ,we %all be unfit to ga9 ,sw>aj s long z we w\ld keep 9 bondage a fif? ( ! population ( ,h9du/an4 ,h we n made ! 'p>iah' crawl on 8 belly8 ,h we n segregat$ him8 ,& if x is religion s to treat ! 'p>iah4' ,x is ! religion ( ! :ite race to segregate u4 ,& if x is no argum5t = ! :ite races to say t we are satisfi$ ) ! badge ( our inf]iority1 x is less = u to say t ! 'p>iah' is satisfi$ ) 84 ,our slav]y is complete :5 we beg9 to hug x4 ,! ,guj>at ,s5ate !re=e c\nt$ ! co/ :5 x refus$ to b5d be=e ! /orm4 ,?is non-co-op]ation is a process ( self-purification4 ,we may n cl+ to putrid cu/oms & claim ! pure boon ( ,sw>aj4 ,unt\*ability ,i hold is a cu/om1 n an integral "p ( ,h9duism4 ,! _w advanc$ 9 ?\ght1 ?\gh x is /ill b>b>\s 9 action4 ,& no religion c /& t :i* is n bas$ on fundam5tal tru?s4 ,any glorification ( error w de/roy a religion z surely z disreg>d ( a disease is b\nd to de/roy a body4 ,?is gov]nm5t ( ours is an unscrupul\s corporation4 ,x has rul$ by divid+ ,mussalmans f ,h9dus4 ,x is q capable ( tak+ advantage ( ! int]nal weaknesses ( ,h9duism4 ,x w set ! 'depress$' classes aga9/ ! re/ ( ! ,h9dus1 non-,brahm9s aga9/ ,brahm9s4 ,! ,guj>at ,s5ate resolution does n end ! tr\ble4 ,x m]ely po9ts out ! difficulty4 ,! tr\ble w end only :5 ! masses & classes ( ,h9dus h rid !mselves ( ! s9 ( unt\*ability4 ,a ,h9du lov] ( ,sw>aj w z assidu\sly "w = ! amelioration ( ! lot ( ! 'depress$' classes z he works = ,h9du-,muslim unity4 ,we mu/ treat !m z our bro!rs & give !m ! same rights t we claim = ourselves4 ,,! ,,s9 ,,( ,,unt\*ability ,x is wor?y ( note t ! subjects ,committee accept$ )\t any opposition ! clause reg>d+ ! s9 ( unt\*ability4 ,x is well t ! ,national assembly pass$ ! resolution /at+ t ! removal ( ?is blot on ,h9duism 0 necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( ,sw>aj4 ,! ,devil succe$s only by receiv+ help f 8 fell[s4 ,he always takes advantage ( ! weake/ spots 9 our natures 9 ord] to ga9 ma/]y ov] u4 ,ev5 s does ! ,gov]nm5t reta9 its control ov] u ?r\gh our weaknesses or vices4 ,& if we w\ld r5d] ourselves pro( aga9/ its ma*9ation1 we mu/ remove our weaknesses4 ,x is = t reason t ,i h call$ non-co-op]ation a process ( purification4 ,z soon z t process is complet$1 ?is gov]nm5t mu/ fall to pieces = want ( ! necess>y environm5t1 j z mosquitos cease to haunt a place ^: cess-pools are fill$ up & dri$4 ,has n a j ,nemesis ov]tak5 u = ! crime ( unt\*ability8 ,h we n reap$ z we h s[n8 ,h we n practis$ ,dwy]ism & ,o',dwy]ism on our own ki? & k98 ,we h segregat$ ! 'p>iah' & we are 9 turn segregat$ 9 ! ,briti% ,colonies4 ,we d5y him ! use ( public wells2 we ?r[ ! leav+s ( our plates at him4 ,8 v %ad[ pollutes u4 ,inde$ !re is no *>ge t ! 'p>iah' _c fl+ 9 our faces & :i* we d n fl+ 9 ! faces ( ,engli%m54 ,h[ is ?is blot on ,h9duism to be remov$8 ',d unto o!rs z y w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto y4' ,i h (t5 told ,engli% (ficials t1 if !y are fri5ds & s]vants ( ,india1 !y %\ld come d[n f _! p$e/al1 cease to be patrons1 demon/rate by _! lov+ de$s t !y are 9 e respect our fri5ds1 & believe u to be equals 9 ! same s5se !y believe fell[ ,engli%m5 to be _! equals4 ,aft] ! exp]i5ces ( ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat1 ,i h gone a /ep fur!r & ask$ !m to rep5t & to *ange _! he>ts4 ,ev5 s is x necess>y = u ,h9dus to rep5t ( ! wrong we h done1 to alt] our behavi\r t[>ds ^? :om we h 'suppress$' by a sy/em z devili% z we believe ! ,engli% sy/em ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to be4 ,we mu/ n ?r[ a few mis]able s*ools at !m2 we mu/ n adopt ! air ( sup]iority t[>ds !m4 ,we mu/ treat !m z our blood bro!rs z !y are 9 fact4 ,we mu/ return to !m ! inh]itance ( :i* we h robb$ !m4 ,& ?is mu/ n be ! act ( a few ,engli%-kn[+ re=m]s m]ely1 b x mu/ be a consci\s volunt>y ef=t on ! "p ( ! masses4 ,we may n wait till et]nity = ?is mu* belat$ re=mation4 ,we mu/ aim at br++ x ab\t )9 ?is ye> ( grace1 probation1 prep>ation & tapasya4 ,x is a re=m n to foll[ ,sw>aj b to prec$e x4 ,unt\*ability is n a sanction ( religion1 x is a devise ( ,satan4 ,! devil has always quot$ scriptures4 ,b scriptures _c transc5d reason & tru?4 ,!y are int5d$ to purify reason & illum9ate tru?4 ,i am n go+ to burn a spotless horse because ! ,v$as are report$ to h advis$1 tol]at$1 or sanction$ ! sacrifice4 ,= me ! ,v$as are div9e & unwritt54 ',! lett] kille?4' ,x is ! _s t give? ! light4 ,& ! _s ( ! ,v$as is purity1 tru?1 innoc5ce1 *a/ity1 humility1 simplicity1 =giv5ess1 godl9ess1 & all t makes a man or woman noble & brave4 ,!re is nei!r nobility nor brav]y 9 treat+ ! great & uncompla9+ scav5g]s ( ! nation z worse ?an dogs to be despis$ & spat ^u4 ,w\ld t ,god gave u ! /r5g? & ! wisdom to become volunt>y scav5g]s ( ! nation z ! 'suppress$' classes are =c$ to be4 ,!re are ,augean /ables en\gh & to sp>e = u to clean4 ,,vii4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,indians ,,abroad ,,indians ,,abroad ,! prejudice aga9/ ,indian settl]s outside ,india is %[+ itself 9 a v>iety ( ways3 ,"u ! impud5t sugge/ion ( s$ition ! ,fiji ,gov]nm5t has deport$ ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor :o ) 8 brave & cultur$ wife has be5 r5d]+ assi/ance to ! poor ind5tur$ ,indians ( ,fiji 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,! :ole tr\ble has aris5 ov] ! /rike ( ! lab\r]s 9 ,fiji4 ,ind5tures h be5 cancel$1 b ! _s ( slav]y is by no means dead4 ,we d n "k ! g5esis ( ! /rike2 we d n "k t ! /rik]s h done no wrong4 ,b we d "k :at is beh9d :5 a *>ge ( s$ition is br\ght aga9/ ! /rik]s & _! fri5ds4 ,! read]s mu/ rememb] t ! ,gov]nm5t t has sc5t$ s$ition 9 ! rec5t upheaval 9 ,fiji is ! ,gov]nm5t t _h ! h>dihood to libel ,mr4 ,&rew's "*4 ,:at c be ! mean+ ( s$ition 9 connection ) ! ,fiji /rik]s & ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor8 ,did !y & he want to seize ! re9s ( ,gov]nm5t8 ,did !y want any p[] 9 t c\ntry8 ,!y /ruck = elem5t>y fre$om4 ,& x is a pro/itution ( t]ms to use ! ^w s$ition 9 su* connection4 ,! /rik]s may h be5 ov]ha/y4 ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor may h misl$ !m4 ,if 8 advice bord]$ on ! crim9al he %\ld h be5 tri$4 ,! in=mation 9 our possession goes to %[ t he has be5 /rictly con/itutional4 ,our po9t1 h[ev]1 is t x is an abuse ( p[] = ! ,fiji ,gov]nm5t to h deport$ ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor )\t a trial4 ,x is wrong 9 pr9ciple to deprive a p]son ( 8 lib]ty on m]e suspicion & )\t giv+ him an opportunity ( cle>+ 8 "*4 ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor1 be x rememb]$1 has = ye>s pa/ made ,fiji 8 home4 ,he has1 we believe1 b\ght prop]ty !re4 ,he has *ildr5 born 9 ,fiji4 ,h ! *ildr5 no rights8 ,has ! wife none8 ,may a promis+ c>e] be ru9$ at ! bidd+ ( a lawless ,gov]nm5t8 ,has ,mr4 ,manilal ,doctor be5 comp5sat$ = ! losses he mu/ su/a98 ,we tru/ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india :i* has endeav\r$ to protect ! rights ( ,indian settl]s abroad w take up ! "q ( ,mr4 ,doctor's deportation4 ,nor is ,fiji ! only place :]e ! _s ( lawlessness among ! p[]ful has come to ! surface4 ,indians ( 7! late7 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa f9d !mselves 9 a worse position ?an h]et(ore4 ,!y /ate t ev5 _! prop]ty is n safe4 ,!y h to pay all k9ds ( dues on passports4 ,!y are hamp]$ 9 _! trade4 ,!y are n able ev5 to s5d money ord]s4 ,9 ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa ! cl\d is p]haps ! ?icke/4 ,! ,european settl]s !re are do+ _! utmo/ to deprive ! ,indian settl]s ( practically e "r !y h hi!rto possess$4 ,an attempt is be+ made to compass _! ru9 bo? by legislative enactm5t & adm9i/rative action4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa e ,indian :o has any?+ to d ) t "p ( ! ,briti% ,dom9ions is wat*+ ) bat$ brea? ! progress ( commission t is n[ sitt+4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india h no easy job 9 protect+ ! int]e/s ( ,indian settl]s 9 ^! v>i\s p>ts ( ,8 ,maje/y's dom9ions4 ,!y w be able to d s only by foll[+ ! firme/ & ! mo/ consi/5t policy4 ,ju/ice is admitt$ly on ! side ( ! ,indian settl]s4 ,b !y are ! weak p>ty4 ,a /rong agitation 9 ,india foll[$ by /rong action by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india c alone save ! situation4 ,,indians ,,ov]seas ,! meet+ held at ! ,excelsior ,!atre 9 ,bombay to pass resolutions reg>d+ ,ea/ ,africa & ,fiji1 & presid$ ov] by ,sir ,n>ayan ,*&av>k>1 0 an impressive ga!r+4 ,! ,!atre 0 fill$ to ov]fl[+4 ,mr4 ,&rews' spee* made cle> :at is ne$$4 ,bo? ! political & ! civil rights ( ,indians ( ,ea/ ,africa are at /ake4 ,mr4 ,anantani1 himself an ,ea/ ,african settl]1 %[$ 9 a =ceful spee* t ! ,indians 7 ! pione] settl]s4 ,an ,indian sailor nam$ ,kano direct$ ! celebrat$ ,vasco ,de ,gama to ,india4 ,he add$ amid applause t ,/anley's exp$ition = ! se>* & relief ( ,dr4 ,liv+/one 0 also fitt$ out by ,indians4 ,indian workm5 _h built ! ,ug&a ,railway at mu* p]il to _! lives4 ,an ,indian contractor _h tak5 ! contract4 ,indian artisans _h suppli$ ! skill4 ,& n[ _! c\ntrym5 7 9 dang] ( be+ deb>r$ f its use4 ,! upl&s ( ,ea/ ,africa h be5 decl>$ a ,colony & ! l[l&s a ,protectorate4 ,!re is a s9i/] significance atta*$ to ! decl>ation4 ,! ,colonial sy/em gives ! ,europeans l>g] p[]s4 ,x w tax all ! res\rces ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to prev5t ! heal?y upl&s f becom+ a :iteman's pres]ve & ! ,indians f be+ relegat$ to ! swampy l[l&s4 ,! "q ( fran*ise w soon become a burn+ "o4 ,x w be suicidal to divide ! electorate or to appo9t ,indians by nom9ation4 ,!re mu/ be "o g5]al electoral roll apply+ ! same qualifications to all ! vot]s4 ,?is pr9ciple1 z ,mr4 ,&rews rem9d$ ! meet+1 _h work$ well at ! ,cape4 ,! second "p ( ! ,ea/ ,african resolution %[s ! condition ( our c\ntrym5 9 ! late ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa4 ,indian soldi]s f\ght !re & n[ ! position ( ,indians is worse ?an "u ,g]man rule4 ,h4,h4 ! ,agakhan sugge/$ t ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa %\ld be adm9i/]$ f ,india4 ,sir ,!odore ,morison w\ld h c\p$ up all ,indians 9 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa4 ,! result 0 t bo? ! proposals w5t by ! bo>d & ! expect$ has happ5$4 ,! gre$ ( ! ,engli% speculator has prevail$ & he is try+ to squeeze out ! ,indian4 ,:at w ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india protect8 ,has x ! w to d s8 ,is n ,india itself be+ exploit$8 ,mr4 ,jehangir ,petit recall$ ! late ,mr4 ,gokhale's views t we 7 n to expect a full satisfaction reg>d+ ! /atus ( our c\ntrym5 across ! seas until we _h put our own h\se 9 ord]4 ,helots 9 our own c\ntry1 h[ c\ld we d bett] outside8 ,mr4 ,petit wants sy/ematic & sev]e retaliation4 ,9 my op9ion1 retaliation is a d\ble-edg$ weapon4 ,x does n fail to hurt ! us] if x also hurts ! p>ty aga9/ :om x is us$4 ,& :o is to give effect to retaliation8 ,x is too mu* to expect an ,engli% ,gov]nm5t to adopt effective retaliation aga9/ _! own p4 ,!y w expo/ulate1 !y w remon/rate1 b !y w n g to w> ) _! own ,colonies4 ,= ! logical outcome ( retaliation mu/ mean w>1 if retaliation w n answ]4 ,let u face ! facts frankly4 ,! problem is difficult alike = ,engli%m5 & = u4 ,! ,engli%m5 & ,indians d n agree 9 ! ,colonies4 ,! ,engli%m5 d n want u :]e !y c live4 ,_! civilisation is diff]5t f ours4 ,! two _c coalesce until !re is mutual respect4 ,! ,engli%man consid]s himself to belong to ! rul+ race4 ,! ,indian /ruggles to ?9k t he does n belong to ! subject race & 9 ! v act ( ?9k+ admits 8 subjection4 ,we mu/ !n atta9 equality at home be=e we c make any real impression abroad4 ,?is is n to say t we mu/ n /rive to d bett] abroad :il/ we are ill at ease 9 our own home4 ,we mu/ pres]ve1 we mu/ help our c\ntrym5 :o h settl$ outside ,india4 ,only if we recognise ! true situation1 we & our c\ntrym5 abroad w le>n to be pati5t & "k t our *ief en]gy mu/ be conc5trat$ on a bett]m5t ( our position at home4 ,if we c raise our /atus "h to t ( equal p>tn]s n 9 "n b 9 reality s t e ,indian might feel x1 all else mu/ foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,,p>iahs ,,( ,,! ,,empire ,! memorable ,conf]5ce at ,gujrat 9 its resolution on ! /atus ( ,indians abroad has giv5 x z its op9ion t ev5 ?is "q may become "o m reason = non-co-op]ation4 ,& s x may4 ,n[h]e has !re be5 su* op5 defiance ( e canon ( ju/ice & propriety z 9 ! %ameless decision ( confiscation ( ,indian rights 9 ! ,k5ia ,colony ann\nc$ by its ,gov]nor4 ,?is decision has be5 support$ by ,"l ,milnor & ,mr4 ,montagu4 ,& 8 ,indian colleagues are satisfi$ ) ! decision4 ,indians1 :o h made ,ea/ ,africa1 :o out-numb] ! ,engli%1 are depriv$ practically ( ! "r ( repres5tation on ! ,c\ncil4 ,!y are to be segregat$ 9 p>ts n habitable by ! ,engli%4 ,!y are to h nei!r ! political nor ! mat]ial com=t4 ,!y are to become ',p>iahs' 9 a c\ntry made by _! own lab\r1 weal? & intellig5ce4 ,! ,vic]oy is pleas$ to say t he does n l ! outlook & is consid]+ ! /eps to be tak5 to v9dicate ! ju/ice4 ,he is n met ) a new situation4 ,! ,indians ( ,ea/ ,africa _h w>n$ him ( ! imp5d+ doom4 ,& if ,8 ,excell5cy has n yet f\nd ! means ( ensur+ r$ress1 he is n likely to d x 9 future4 ,i w\ld respectfully ask 8 ,indian colleagues :e!r !y c /& ?is robb]y ( _! c\ntrym5 rights4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa ! situation is n less disquiet+4 ,my misgiv+s seem to be prov+ true1 & repatriation is m likely to prove compulsory ?an volunt>y4 ,x is a response to ! anti-,asiatic agitation1 n a measure ( relief = indig5t ,indians4 ,x looks v l a trap laid = ! unw>y ,indian4 ,! ,union ,gov]nm5t appe>s to be tak+ an unlawful advantage ( a section ( a reliev+ law design$ = a purpose totally diff]5t f ! "o n[ int5d$4 ,z = ,fiji1 ! crime aga9/ humanity is evid5tly to be hu%$ up4 ,i d hope t unless an inquiry is to be made into ! ,fiji ,m>tial ,law do+s1 no ,indian memb] w und]take to g to ,fiji4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india appe> to h giv5 an und]tak+ to s5d ,indian lab\r to ,fiji provid$ ! commission t 0 to proce$ !re 9 ord] to inve/igate ! condition on ! spot returns ) a fav\rable report4 ,= ,briti% ,guiana ,i obs]ve f ! pap]s receiv$ f t qu>t]1 t ! mission t came "h is already decl>+ t ,indian lab\r w be =?com+ f ,india4 ,!re seems to me to be no real prospect = ,indian ent]prise 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,we are n want$ 9 any "p ( ! ,briti% ,dom9ion except z ,p>iahs to d ! scav5g+ = ! ,european settl]s4 ,! situation is cle>4 ,we are ,p>iahs 9 our own home4 ,we get only :at ,gov]nm5t int5d to give1 n :at we dem& & h a "r to4 ,we may get ! crumbs1 nev] ! loaf4 ,i h se5 l>ge & tempt+ crumbs f a lavi% table4 ,& ,i h se5 ! eyes ( our ,p>iahs--! %ame ( ,h9duism--bright5+ to see ^? heavy crumbs fill+ _! baskets4 ,b ! sup]ior ,h9du1 :o is fill+ ! basket f a safe di/ance1 kn[s t !y are unfit = 8 own consumption4 ,& s we 9 our turn may receive ev5 ,gov]nor%ips :i* ! real rul]s no long] require or :i* !y _c reta9 ) safety = _! mat]ial int]e/--! political & mat]ial hold on ,india4 ,x is "t we realis$ our true /atus4 ,,viii4 ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,a writ] 9 ! ,times ( ,india1 ! ,editor ( t wond]ful daily & ,mrs4 ,besant h all 9 _! own mann] condemn$ non-co-op]ation conceiv$ 9 connection ) ! ,khilafat movem5t4 ,all ! ?ree writ+s naturally discuss _m side issues :i* ,i %all omit = ! "t be+4 ,i propose to answ] two s]i\s objections rais$ by ! writ]s4 ,! sobriety ) :i* !y are /at$ entitles !m to a great] consid]ation ?an if !y _h be5 giv5 9 viol5t language4 ,9 non-co-op]ation1 ! writ]s ?9k1 x w\ld be difficult if n impossible to avoid viol5ce4 ,inde$ viol5ce1 ! ,times ( ,india editorial says1 has already comm5c$ 9 t o/racism has be5 resort$ to 9 ,calcutta & ,delhi4 ,n[ ,i fe> t o/racism to a c]ta9 ext5t is impossible to avoid4 ,i rememb] 9 ,s\? ,africa 9 ! initial /ages ( ! passive resi/ance campaign ^? :o _h fall5 away 7 o/racis$4 ,o/racism is viol5t or peaceful 9 accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* x is practis$4 ,a congregation may well refuse to recite pray]s aft] a prie/ :o prizes 8 title above 8 hon\r4 ,b ! o/racism w become viol5t if ! individual life ( a p]son is made unbe>able by insults innu5does or abuse4 ,! real dang] ( viol5ce lies 9 ! p resort+ to non-co-op]ation becom+ impati5t & rev5geful4 ,?is may happ51 if1 = in/ance1 paym5t ( taxes is sudd5ly )drawn or if pressure is put ^u soldi]s to lay d[n _! arms4 ,i h[ev] d n fe> any evil consequ5ces1 = ! simple reason t e responsible ,mahom$an und]/&s t non-co-op]ation to be successful mu/ be totally unatt5d$ ) viol5ce4 ,! o!r objection rais$ is t ^? :o may give up _! s]vice may h to />ve4 ,t is j a possibility b a remote "o1 = ! committee w c]ta9ly make due provision = ^? :o may sudd5ly f9d !mselves out ( employm5t4 ,i propose h[ev] to exam9e ! :ole ( ! difficult "q mu* m fully 9 a future issue & hope to %[ t if ,indian-,mahom$an feel+ is to be respect$1 !re is no?+ left b non-co-op]ation if ! decision arriv$ at is adv]se4 ,,mr4 ,,montagu ,,on ,,! ,,khilafat ,,agitation ,mr4 ,montagu does n l ! ,khilafat agitation t is daily ga!r+ =ce4 ,9 answ] to que/ions put 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 he is report$ to h said t :il/ he ackn[l$g$ t ,i _h r5d]$ di/+ui%$ s]vices to ! c\ntry 9 ! pa/1 he c\ld n look ^u my pres5t attitude ) equanimity & t x 0 n to be expect$ t ,i c\ld n[ be treat$ z l5i5tly z ,i 0 dur+ ! ,r[latt ,act agitation4 ,he add$ t he _h e confid5ce 9 ! c5tral & ! local ,gov]nm5ts1 t !y 7 c>efully wat*+ ! movem5t & t !y _h full p[] to deal ) ! situation4 ,?is /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,montagu has be5 reg>d$ 9 "s qu>t]s z a ?reat4 ,x has ev5 be5 consid]$ to be a blank *eque = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to re-e/abli% ! reign ( t]ror if !y *ose4 ,x is c]ta9ly inconsi/5t ) 8 desire to base ! ,gov]nm5t on ! goodwill ( ! p4 ,at ! same "t if ! ,hunt] ,committee's f9d+ be true & if ,i 0 ! cause ( ! di/urbances la/ ye>1 ,i 0 und\bt$ly treat$ ) exceptional l5i5cy1 ,i admit too t my activity ?is ye> is fraught ) great] p]il to ! ,empire z x is be+ conduct$ to-day ?an 0 la/ ye>'s activity4 ,non-co-op]ation 9 itself is m h>mless ?an civil disob$i5ce1 b 9 its effect x is f> m dang]\s = ! ,gov]nm5t ?an civil disob$i5ce4 ,non-co-op]ation is int5d$ s f> to p>alyse ! ,gov]nm5t1 z to compel ju/ice f x4 ,if x is c>ri$ to ! extreme po9t1 x c br+ ! ,gov]nm5t to a /&/ill4 ,a fri5d :o has be5 li/5+ to my spee*es once ask$ me :e!r ,i did n come "u ! s$ition section ( ! ,indian ,p5al ,code4 ,?\gh ,i _h n fully consid]$ x1 ,i told him t v probably ,i did & t ,i c\ld n plead 'n guilty' if ,i 0 *>g$ "u x4 ,= ,i mu/ admit t ,i c pret5d to no 'affection' = ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t4 ,& my spee*es are int5d$ to create 'disaffection' su* t ! p might consid] x a %ame to assi/ or co-op]ate ) a ,gov]nm5t t _h =feit$ all title to confid5ce1 respect or support4 ,i draw no di/9ction betwe5 ! ,imp]ial & ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t4 ,! latt] has accept$1 on ! ,khilafat1 ! policy impos$ ^u x by ! =m]4 ,& 9 ! ,punjab case ! =m] has endors$ ! policy ( t]rorism & emasculation ( a brave p initiat$ by ! latt]4 ,briti% m9i/]s h brok5 _! pl$g$ ^w & wantonly w\nd$ ! feel+s ( ! sev5ty million ,mussulmans ( ,india4 ,innoc5t m5 & wom5 7 insult$ by ! insol5t (fic]s ( ! ,punjab ,gov]nm5t4 ,_! wrongs n only unright$ b ! v (fic]s :o s cruelly subject$ !m to b>b>\s humiliation reta9 (fice "u ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,:5 at ,amrits> la/ ye> ,i plead$ ) all ! e>ne/ness ,i c\ld comm& = co-op]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t & = response to ! wi%es express$ 9 ! ,royal ,proclamation2 ,i did s because ,i hone/ly believ$ t a new era 0 ab\t to beg91 & t ! old _s ( fe>1 di/ru/ & consequ5t t]rorism 0 ab\t to give place to ! new _s ( respect1 tru/ & good-w4 ,i s9c]ely believ$ t ! ,mussalman s5tim5t w\ld be placat$ & t ! (fic]s t _h misbehav$ dur+ ! ,m>tial ,law regime 9 ! ,punjab w\ld be at lea/ dismiss$ & ! p w\ld be o!rwise made to feel t a ,gov]nm5t t _h always be5 f\nd quick 7& rightly7 to puni% popul> excesses w\ld n fail to puni% its ag5ts' misde$s4 ,b to my amazem5t & dismay ,i h discov]$ t ! pres5t repres5tatives ( ! ,empire h become di%one/ & unscrupul\s4 ,!y h no real reg>d = ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,india & !y c\nt ,indian hon\r z ( little consequ5ce4 ,i c no long] reta9 affection = a ,gov]nm5t s evilly mann$ z x is n[-a-days4 ,& = me1 x is humiliat+ to reta9 my fre$om & be a witness to ! cont9u+ wrong4 ,mr4 ,montagu h[ev] is c]ta9ly "r 9 ?reat5+ me ) deprivation ( my lib]ty if ,i p]si/ 9 endang]+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,= t mu/ be ! result if my activity be>s fruit4 ,my only regret is t inasmu* z ,mr4 ,montagu admits my pa/ s]vices1 he might h p]ceiv$ t !re mu/ be some?+ exceptionally bad 9 ! ,gov]nm5t if a well-wi%] l me c\ld no long] give 8 affection to x4 ,x 0 simpl] to insi/ on ju/ice be+ done to ! ,mussulmans & to ! ,punjab ?an to ?reat5 me ) puni%m5t s t ! inju/ice might be p]petuat$4 ,inde$ ,i fully expect x w be f\nd t ev5 9 promot+ disaffection t[>ds an unju/ ,gov]nm5t ,i h r5d]$ great] s]vices to ! ,empire ?an ,i am already cr$it$ )4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 h[ev]1 ! duty ( ^? :o approve ( my activity is cle>4 ,!y ought on no acc\nt to res5t ! deprivation ( my lib]ty1 %\ld ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india deem x to be _! duty to take x away4 ,a citiz5 has no "r to resi/ su* re/riction impos$ 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ! ,/ate to :i* he belongs4 ,mu* less h ^? :o sympa?ize ) him4 ,9 my case !re c be no "q ( sympa?y4 ,= ,i delib]ately oppose ! ,gov]nm5t to ! ext5t ( try+ to put its v exi/5ce 9 jeop>dy4 ,= my support]s1 !re=e1 x mu/ be a mom5t ( joy :5 ,i am imprison$4 ,x means ! beg9n+ ( success if only ! support]s cont9ue ! policy = :i* ,i /&4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t arre/ me1 !y w\ld d s 9 ord] to /op ! progress ( non-co-op]ation :i* ,i prea*4 ,x foll[s t if non-co-op]ation cont9ues ) unabat$ vig\r1 ev5 aft] my arre/1 ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ imprison o!rs or grant ! p's wi% 9 ord] to ga9 _! co-op]ation4 ,any eruption ( viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p ev5 "u provocation w\ld end 9 disa/]4 ,:e!r !re=e x is ,i or any "o else :o is arre/$ dur+ ! campaign1 ! fir/ condition ( success is t !re mu/ be no res5tm5t %[n aga9/ x4 ,we _c imp]il ! v exi/5ce ( a ,gov]nm5t & qu>rel ) its attempt to save itself by puni%+ ^? :o place x 9 dang]4 ,,at ,,! ,,call ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry ,dr4 ,sapru deliv]$ be=e ! ,khilafat ,conf]5ce at ,allahabad an impassion$ address sympa?is+ ) ! ,mussulmans 9 _! tr\ble b dissuad$ !m f emb>k+ on non-co-op]ation4 ,he 0 frankly unable to sugge/ a sub/itute b 0 emphatically ( op9ion t :e!r !re 0 a sub/itute or n non-co-op]ation 0 a rem$y worse ?an ! disease4 ,he said fur!r t ,mussulmans w be tak+ ^u _! %\ld]s1 a s]i\s responsibility1 if :il/ !y appeal$ to ! ignorant masses to jo9 !m1 !y c\ld n appeal to ! ,indian judges to resign & if !y did !y w\ld n succe$4 ,i ackn[l$ge ! =ce ( ,dr4 ,sapru's la/ argum5t4 ,at ! back ( ,dr4 ,sapru's m9d is ! fe> t non-co-op]ation by ! ignorant p w\ld lead to di/ress & *aos & w\ld d no good4 ,9 my op9ion any non-co-op]ation is b\nd to d "s good4 ,ev5 ! ,vic]agal door-keep] say+1 ',please ,sir1 ,i c s]ve ! ,gov]nm5t no long] because x has hurt my national hon\r' & resign+ is a /ep mighti] & m effective ?an ! mightie/ spee* declaim+ aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t = its inju/ice4 ,nev]!less x w\ld be wrong to appeal to ! door-keep] until "o has appeal$ to ! highe/ 9 ! l&4 ,& z ,i propose1 if ! necessity arose1 to ask ! door-keep]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t to dissociate !mselves f an unju/ ,gov]nm5t ,i propose n[ to address1 an appeal to ! ,judges & ! ,executive ,c\ncillors to jo9 ! prote/ t is ris+ f all ov] ,india aga9/ ! d\ble wrong done to ,india1 on ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab "q4 ,9 bo?1 national hon\r is involv$4 ,i take x t ^! g5tlem5 h ent]$ ^u _! high (fices n = ! sake ( emolum5t1 nor ,i hope = ! sake ( fame1 b = ! sake ( s]v+ _! c\ntry4 ,x 0 n = money1 = !y 7 e>n+ m ?an !y d n[4 ,x mu/ n be = fame1 = !y _c buy fame at ! co/ ( national hon\r4 ,! only consid]ation1 t c at ! pres5t mom5t keep !m 9 (fice mu/ be s]vice ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 ! p h fai? 9 ! gov]nm5t1 :5 x repres5ts ! popul> w1 ! judges & ! executive (ficials possibly s]ve ! c\ntry4 ,b :5 t gov]nm5t does n repres5t ! w ( ! p1 :5 x supports di%one/y & t]rorism1 ! judges & ! executive (ficials by reta9+ (fice become in/rum5t ( di%one/y & t]rorism4 ,& ! lea/ !re=e t ^! hold]s ( high (fices c d is to cease to become ag5ts ( a di%one/ & t]roris+ gov]nm5t4 ,= ! judges1 ! objection w be rais$ t !y are above politics1 & s !y are & %\ld be4 ,b ! doctr9e is true only 9 s f> z ! gov]nm5t is on ! :ole = ! b5efit ( ! p & at lea/ repres5ts ! w ( ! majority4 ,n to take "p 9 politics means n to take sides4 ,b :5 a :ole c\ntry has "o m9d1 "o w1 :5 a :ole c\ntry has be5 d5i$ ju/ice1 x is no long] a "q ( p>ty politics1 x is a matt] ( life & dea?4 ,x !n becomes ! duty ( e citiz5 to refuse to s]ve a gov]nm5t :i* misbehaves & fl\ts national wi%4 ,! judges are at t mom5t b\nd to foll[ ! nation if !y are ultimately its s]vants4 ,!re rema9s ano!r argum5t to be exam9$4 ,x applies to bo? ! judges & ! memb]s ( ! executive4 ,x w be urg$ t my appeal c\ld only be meant = ! ,indians & :at good c x d by ,indians r5\nc+ (fices :i* h be5 won = ! nation by h>d /ruggle4 ,i wi% t ,i c\ld make an effective appeal to ! ,engli% z well z ! ,indians4 ,b ,i confess t ,i h writt5 ) ! m5tal res]vation t ! appeal is address$ only to ! ,indians4 ,i mu/ !re=e exam9e ! argum5t j /at$4 ,:il/ x is true t ^! (fices h be5 secur$ aft] a prolong$ /ruggle1 !y are ( use n because ( ! /ruggle1 b because !y are int5d$ to s]ve ! nation4 ,! mom5t !y cease to possess t quality1 !y become useless & z 9 ! pres5t case h>mful1 no matt] h[ h>d-e>n$ & !re=e valuable !y may h be5 at ! outset4 ,i w\ld submit too to our di/+ui%$ c\ntrym5 :o occupy high (fices t _! giv+ up w br+ ! /ruggle to a spe$y end & w\ld probably obviate ! dang] att5dant ^u ! masses be+ call$ ^u to signify _! disapproval by )draw+ co-op]ation4 ,if ! titlehold]s gave up _! titles1 if ! hold]s ( honor>y (fices gave up _! appo9tm5t & if ! high (ficials gave up _! po/s1 & ! w\ld-be c\ncillors boycott$ ! c\ncils1 ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld quickly come to its s5ses & give effect to ! p's w4 ,= ! alt]native be=e ! ,gov]nm5t !n w\ld be no?+ b despotic rule pure & simple4 ,t w\ld probably mean milit>y dictator%ip4 ,! _w's op9ion has advanc$ s f> t ,brita9 d>e n contemplate su* dictator%ip ) equanimity4 ,! tak+ ( ! /eps sugge/$ by me w con/itute ! peacefulle/ revolution ! _w has ev] se54 ,once ! infallibility ( non-co-op]ation is realis$1 !re is an end to all blood%$ & viol5ce 9 any %ape or =m4 ,und\bt$ly a cause mu/ be grave to w>rant ! dra/ic me?od ( national non-co-op]ation4 ,i d say t ! affront su* z has be5 put ^u ,islam _c be repeat$ = a c5tury4 ,islam mu/ rise n[ or 'be fall5' if n = ev]1 c]ta9ly = a c5tury4 ,& ,i _c imag9e a grav] wrong ?an ! massacre ( ,jallianwalla & ! b>b>ity t foll[$ x1 ! :itewa% by ! ,hunt] ,committee1 ! dispat* ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 ,mr4 ,montagu's lett] uphold+ ! ,vic]oy & ! !n ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor ( ! ,punjab1 ! refusal to remove (ficials :o made ( ! lives ( ! ,punjabis 'a hell' dur+ ! ,m>tial ,law p]iod4 ,^! act con/itute a complete s]ies ( cont9u+ wrongs aga9/ ,india :i* if ,india has any s5se ( hon\r1 %e mu/ "r at ! sacrifice ( all ! mat]ial weal? %e possesses4 ,if %e does n1 %e w h b>t]$ h] s\l = a 'mess ( pottage4' ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,,expla9$ ,a repres5tative ( ,madras ,mail call$ on ,mr4 ,m4,k4 ,g&hi at 8 tempor>y resid5ce 9 ! ,pursewalkam ,high road = an int]view on ! subject ( non-co-op]ation4 ,mr4 ,g&hi1 :o has come to ,madras on a t\r to "s ( ! pr9cipal ,muslim c5tres 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 0 busy ) a numb] ( work]s discuss+ 8 programme2 b he express$ 8 read9ess to answ] que/ions on ! *ief topic :i* is agitat+ ,muslims & ,h9dus4 ,aft] y\r exp]i5ce ( ! ,satyagraha agitation la/ ye>1 ,mr4 ,g&hi1 are y /ill hopeful & conv9c$ ( ! wisdom ( advis+ non-co-op]ation8--,c]ta9ly4 ,h[ d y consid] conditions h alt]$ s9ce ! ,satyagraha movem5t ( la/ ye>8--,i consid] t p are bett] discipl9$ n[ ?an !y 7 be=e4 ,9 ?is ,i include ev5 ! masses :o ,i h _h opportunities ( see+ 9 l>ge numb]s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,& y are satisfi$ t ! masses und]/& ! _s ( ,satyagraha8--,yes4 ,& t is :y y are press+ on ) ! programme ( non-co-op]ation8--,yes4 ,moreov]1 ! dang] t att5d$ ! civil disob$i5ce "p ( ,satyagraha does n apply to non-co-op]ation1 because 9 non-co-op]ation we are n tak+ up civil disob$i5ce ( laws z a mass movem5t4 ,! result hi!rto has be5 mo/ enc\rag+4 ,= in/ance1 p 9 ,s9dh & ,delhi 9 spite ( ! irritat+ re/rictions ^u _! lib]ty by ! au?orities h c>ri$ out ! ,committee's in/ructions 9 reg>d to ! ,s$iti\s ,meet+s ,proclamation & to ! prohibition ( po/+ plac>ds on ! walls :i* we hold to be in(f5sive b :i* ! au?orities consid] to be (f5sive4 ,:at is ! pressure :i* y expect to br+ to be> on ! au?orities if co-op]ation is )drawn8--,i believe1 & ev]ybody mu/ grant1 t no ,gov]nm5t c exi/ = a s+le mom5t )\t ! co-op]ation ( ! p1 will+ or =c$1 & if p sudd5ly )draw _! co-op]ation 9 e detail1 ! ,gov]nm5t w come to a /&-/ill4 ,b is !re n a big ',if' 9 x8--,c]ta9ly !re is4 ,& h[ d y propose to succe$ aga9/ ! big ',if'8--,9 my plan ( campaign exp$i5cy has no room4 ,if ! ,khilafat movem5t has really p]meat$ ! masses & ! classes1 !re mu/ be adequate response f ! p4 ,b are y n begg+ ! "q8--,i am n begg+ ! "q1 because s f> z ! data be=e me g1 ,i believe t ! ,muslims ke5ly feel ! ,khilafat grievance4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r _! feel+ is int5se en\gh to evoke 9 !m ! measure ( sacrifice adequate = successful non-co-op]ation4 ,t is1 y\r survey ( ! conditions1 y ?9k1 ju/ifies y\r advis+ non-co-op]ation 9 ! full conviction t y h beh9d y ! support ( ! va/ masses ( ! ,mussalman population8--,yes4 ,?is non-co-op]ation1 y are satisfi$1 w ext5d to complete sev]ance ( co-op]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t8--,no2 nor is x at ! pres5t mom5t my desire t x %\ld4 ,i am simply practis+ non-co-op]ation to ! ext5t t is necess>y to make ! ,gov]nm5t realise ! dep? ( popul> feel+ 9 ! matt] & ! dissatisfaction ) ! ,gov]nm5t t all t c\ld be done has n be5 done ei!r by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india or by ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 :e!r on ! ,khilafat "q or on ! ,punjab "q4 ,d y ,mr4 ,g&hi1 realise t ev5 among/ ,mahom$ans !re are sections ( p :o are n en?usia/ic ov] non-co-op]ation h[ev] mu* !y may feel ! wrong t has be5 done to _! community8--,yes4 ,b _! numb] is small] ?an ^? :o are prep>$ to adopt non-co-op]ation4 ,& yet does n ! fact t !re has n be5 an adequate response to y\r appeal = resignation ( titles & (fices & = boycott ( elections ( ! ,c\ncils indicate t y may be plac+ m fai? 9 _! /r5g? ( conviction ?an is w>rant$8--,i ?9k n2 = ! reason t ! /age has only j come into op]ation & our p are always mo/ cauti\s & sl[ to move4 ,moreov]1 ! fir/ /age l>gely affects ! upp]mo/ /rata ( society1 :o repres5t a microscopic m9ority ?\gh !y are und\bt$ly an influ5tial body ( p4 ,?is upp] class1 y ?9k1 has suffici5tly respond$ to y\r appeal8--,i am unable to say ei!r "o way or ! o!r at pres5t4 ,i %all be able to give a def9ite answ] at ! end ( ?is mon?4444 ,d y ?9k t )\t "o's loyalty to ! ,k+ & ! ,royal ,family be+ que/ion$1 "o c advocate non-co-op]ation 9 connection ) ! ,royal visit8 ,mo/ decid$ly2 = ! simple reason t if !re is any disloyalty ab\t ! propos$ boycott ( ! ,pr9ce's visit1 x is disloyalty to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day & n to ! p]son ( ,8 ,royal highness4 ,:at d y ?9k is to be ga9$ by promot+ ?is boycott 9 connection ) ! ,royal visit8--,because ,i want to %[ t ! p ( ,india are n 9 sympa?y ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day & t !y /rongly disapprove ( ! policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 reg>d to ! ,punjab & ,khilafat1 & ev5 9 respect ( o!r important adm9i/rative measures4 ,i consid] t ! visit ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales is a s+ul>ly good opportunity to ! p to %[ _! disapproval ( ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t4 ,aft] all1 ! visit is calculat$ to h trem5d\s political results4 ,x is n to be a non-political ev5t1 & see+ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india & ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t want to make ! visit a political ev5t ( fir/ class importance1 namely1 = ! purpose ( /r5g!n+ _! hold ^u ,india1 ,i = "o1 consid] t x is ! b\nd5 duty ( ! p to boycott ! visit :i* is be+ eng9e]$ by ! two ,gov]nm5ts 9 _! own int]e/ :i* at ! pres5t mom5t is totally antagoni/ic to ! p4 ,d y mean t y want ?is boycott promot$ because y feel t ! /r5g!n+ ( ! hold ^u ,india is n desirable 9 ! be/ int]e/s ( ! c\ntry8--,yes4 ,! /r5g!n+ ( ! hold ( a ,gov]nm5t s wick$ z ! pres5t "o is n desirable = ! be/ int]e/s ( ! p4 ,n t ,i want ! bond betwe5 ,engl& & ,india to become loos5$ = ! sake ( loos5+ x b ,i want t bond to become /r5g!n$ only 9 s f> z x adds to ! welf>e ( ,india4 ,d y ?9k t non-co-op]ation & ! non-boycott ( ! ,legislative ,c\ncils consi/5t8--,no2 because a p]son :o takes up ! programme ( non-co-op]ation _c consi/5tly /& = ,c\ncils4 ,is non-co-op]ation1 9 y\r op9ion1 an end 9 itself or a means to an end1 & if s1 :at is ! end8 ,x is a means to an end1 ! end be+ to make ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t j1 :]eas x has become mo/ly unju/4 ,co-op]ation ) a j ,gov]nm5t is a duty2 non-co-op]ation ) an unju/ ,gov]nm5t is equally a duty4 ,w y look ) fav\r ^u ! proposal to ent] ! ,c\ncils & to c>ry on ei!r ob/ructive tactics or to decl9e to take ! oa? ( allegiance consi/5t ) y\r non-co-op]ation8--,no2 z an accurate /ud5t ( non-co-op]ation1 ,i consid] t su* a proposal is inconsi/5t ) ! true _s ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i h (t5 said t a ,gov]nm5t really ?rives on ob/ruction & s f> z ! proposal n to take ! oa? ( allegiance is conc]n$1 ,i c really see no mean+ 9 x2 x am\nts to a useless wa/e ( valuable "t & money4 ,9 o!r words1 ob/ruction is no /age 9 non-co-op]ation8 --,no14444 ,are y satisfi$ t all ef=ts at con/itutional agitation h be5 exhau/$ & t non-co-op]ation is ! only c\rse left u8 ,i d n consid] non-co-op]ation to be uncon/itutional rem$ies n[ left op5 to u1 non-co-op]ation is ! only "o left = u4 ,d y consid] x con/itutional to adopt x ) a view m]ely to p>alyse ,gov]nm5t8--,c]ta9ly1 x is n uncon/itutional1 b a prud5t man w n take all ! /eps t are con/itutional if !y are o!rwise undesirable1 nor d ,i advise t c\rse4 ,i am resort+ to non-co-op]ation 9 progressive /ages because ,i want to evolve true ord] out ( untrue ord]4 ,i am n go+ to take a s+le /ep 9 non-co-op]ation unless ,i am satisfi$ t ! c\ntry is ready = t /ep1 namely1 non-co-op]ation w n be foll[$ by an>*y or disord]4 ,h[ w y satisfy y\rself an>*y w n foll[8 ,= in/ance1 if ,i advise ! police to lay d[n _! arms1 ,i %all h satisfi$ myself t we are able by volunt>y assi/ance to protect ourselves aga9/ ?ieves & robb]s4 ,t 0 precisely :at 0 done 9 ,lahore & ,amrits> la/ ye> by ! citiz5s by means ( volunte]s :5 ! ,milit>y & ! police _h )drawn4 ,ev5 :]e ,gov]nm5t _h n tak5 su* measures 9 a place1 = want ( adequate =ce1 ,i "k p h successfully protect$ !mselves4 ,y h advis$ lawy]s to non-co-op]ate by susp5d+ _! practice4 ,:at is y\r exp]i5ce8 ,has ! lawy]s' response to y\r appeal enc\rag$ y to hope t y w be able to c>ry ?r\gh all /ages ( non-co-op]ation ) ! help ( su* p8 ,i _c say t a l>ge numb] has yet respond$ to my appeal4 ,x is too e>ly to say h[ _m w respond4 ,b ,i may say t ,i d n rely m]ely ^u ! lawy] class or highly educat$ m5 to enable ! ,committee to c>ry out all ! /ages ( non-co-op]ation4 ,my hope lies m ) ! masses s f> z ! lat] /ages ( non-co-op]ation are conc]n$4 ,augu/ #aibj4 ,,religi\s ,,au?ority ,,= ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,x is n )\t ! greate/ reluctance t ,i engage 9 a controv]sy ) s le>n$ a lead] l ,sir ,n>ayan ,*&av>k>4 ,b 9 view ( ! fact t ,i am ! au?or ( ! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation1 x becomes my pa9ful duty to /ate my views ev5 ?\gh !y are oppos$ to ^? ( ! lead]s :om ,i look ^u ) respect4 ,i h j read dur+ my travels 9 ,malab> ,sir ,n>ayan's rejo9d] to my answ] to ! ,bombay manife/o aga9/ non-co-op]ation4 ,i regret to h to say t ! rejo9d] leaves me unconv9c$4 ,he & ,i seem to read ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 ! ,gita & ! ,koran f diff]5t /&po9ts or we put diff]5t int]pretations on !m4 ,we seem to und]/& ! words ,ahimsa1 politics & religion diff]5tly4 ,i %all try my be/ to make cle> my mean+ ( ! common t]ms & my read+ ( ! diff]5t religi\s4 ,at ! outset let me assure ,sir ,n>ayan t ,i h n *ang$ my views on ,ahimsa4 ,i /ill believe t man n hav+ be5 giv5 ! p[] ( creation does n possess ! "r ( de/roy+ ! meane/ creature t lives4 ,! pr]ogative ( de/ruction belongs solely to ! creator ( all t lives4 ,i accept ! int]pretation ( ,ahimsa1 namely1 t x is n m]ely a negative ,/ate ( h>mlessness1 b x is a positive /ate ( love1 ( do+ good ev5 to ! evil-do]4 ,b x does n mean help+ ! evil-do] to cont9ue ! wrong or tol]at+ x by passive acquiesc5ce4 ,on ! contr>y love1 ! active /ate ( ,ahimsa1 requires y to resi/ ! wrong-do] by dissociat+ y\rself f him ev5 ?\gh x may (f5d him or injure him physically4 ,?us if my son lives a life ( %ame1 ,i may n help him to d s by cont9u+ to support him2 on ! contr>y1 my love = him requires me to )draw all support f him al?\gh x may mean ev5 8 dea?4 ,& ! same love imposes on me ! obligation ( welcom+ him to my bosom :5 he rep5ts4 ,b ,i may n by physical =ce compel my son to become good4 ,t 9 my op9ion is ! moral ( ! /ory ( ! ,prodigal ,son4 ,non-co-op]ation is n a passive /ate1 x is an int5sely active /ate--m active ?an physical resi/ance or viol5ce4 ,passive resi/ance is a misnom]4 ,non-co-op]ation 9 ! s5se us$ by me mu/ be non-viol5t & !re=e nei!r punitive nor v9dictive nor bas$ on malice ill-w or hatr$4 ,x foll[s !re=e t x w\ld be s9 = me to s]ve ,g5]al ,dy] & co-op]ate ) him to %oot innoc5t m54 ,b x w be an ex]cise ( =giv5ess or love = me to nurse him back to life1 if he 0 suff]+ f a physical malady4 ,i _c use 9 ?is context ! ^w co-op]ation z ,sir ,n>ayan w\ld p]haps use x4 ,i w\ld co-op]ate a ?\s& times ) ?is ,gov]nm5t to wean x f its c>e] ( crime b ,i w n = a s+le mom5t co-op]ate ) x to cont9ue t c>e]4 ,& ,i w\ld be guilty ( wrong do+ if ,i reta9$ a title f x or a s]vice "u x or support$ its law-c\rts or s*ools4 ,bett] = me a begg>'s b[l ?an ! ri*e/ possession f h&s /a9$ ) ! blood ( ! innoc5ts ( ,jallianwala4 ,bett] by f> a w>rant ( imprisonm5t ?an honey$ words f ^? :o h wantonly w\nd$ ! religi\s s5tim5t ( my sev5ty million bro!rs4 ,my read+ ( ! ,gita is diametrically oppos$ to ,sir ,n>ayan's4 ,i d n believe t ! ,gita tea*es viol5ce = do+ good4 ,x is pre-em95tly a description ( ! duel t goes on 9 our own he>ts4 ,! div9e au?or has us$ a hi/orical incid5t = inculcat+ ! lesson ( do+ "o's duty ev5 at ! p]il ( "o's life4 ,x inculcates p]=mance ( duty irrespective ( ! consequ5ces1 =1 we mortals1 limit$ by our physical frames1 are incapable ( controll+ actions save our own4 ,! ,gita di/+ui%es betwe5 ! p[]s ( light & d>kness & demon/rates _! incompatibility4 ,jesus1 9 my humble op9ion1 0 a pr9ce among politicians4 ,he did r5d] unto ,caes> t :i* 0 ,caes>'s4 ,he gave ! devil 8 due4 ,he ev] %unn$ him & is report$ nev] once to h yield$ to 8 incantations4 ,! politics ( 8 "t consi/$ 9 secur+ ! welf>e ( ! p by tea*+ !m n to be s$uc$ by ! tr9kets ( ! prie/s & ! ph>isees4 ,! latt] !n controll$ & m\ld$ ! life ( ! p4 ,to-day ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t is s devis$ z to affect e dep>tm5t ( our life4 ,x ?reat5s our v exi/5ce4 ,if !re=e we want to cons]ve ! welf>e ( ! nation1 we mu/ religi\sly int]e/ ourselves 9 ! do+ ( ! gov]nors & ex]t a moral influ5ce on !m by insi/+ on _! obey+ ! laws ( morality4 ,g5]al ,dy] did produce a 'moral effect' by an act ( but*]y4 ,^? :o are engag$ 9 =w>d+ ! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation1 hope to produce a moral effect by a process ( self-d5ial1 self-sacrifice & self-purification4 ,x surprises me t ,sir ,n>ayan %\ld speak ( ,g5]al ,dy]'s massacre 9 ! same brea? z acts ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i h done my be/ to und]/& 8 mean+1 b ,i am sorry to confess t ,i h fail$4 ,,! ,,inw>dness ,,( ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,i comm5d to ! att5tion ( ! read]s ! ?\ghtful lett] receiv$ f ,miss ,anne ,m>ie ,pet]son4 ,miss ,pet]son is a lady :o has be5 9 ,india = "s ye>s & has closely foll[$ ,indian affairs4 ,%e is ab\t ! sev] h] connection ) h] mission = ! purpose ( giv+ h]self to education t is truly national4 ,i h n giv5 ! lett] 9 full4 ,i h omitt$ all p]sonal ref]5ces4 ,b h] argum5t has be5 left entirely unt\*$4 ,! lett] 0 n meant to be pr9t$4 ,x 0 writt5 j aft] my ,vellore spee*4 ,b x be+ intr9sically important1 ,i ask$ ! writ] = h] p]mission1 :i* %e gladly gave1 = pr9t+ x4 ,i publi% x all ! m gladly 9 t x enables me to %[ t ! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation is nei!r anti-,*ri/ian nor anti-,engli% nor anti-,european4 ,x is a /ruggle betwe5 religion & irreligion1 p[]s ( light & p[]s ( d>kness4 ,x is my firm op9ion t ,europe to-day repres5ts n ! _s ( ,god or ,*ri/ianity b ! _s ( ,satan4 ,& ,satan's successes are ! greate/ :5 he appe>s ) ! "n ( ,god on 8 lips4 ,europe is to-day only nom9ally ,*ri/ian4 ,9 reality x is wor%ipp+ ,mammon4 ',x is easi] = a camel to pass ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* man to ent] ! k+dom4' ,?us really spoke ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 s-call$ foll[]s measure _! moral progress by _! mat]ial possessions4 ,! v national an!m ( ,engl& is anti-,*ri/ian4 ,jesus :o ask$ 8 foll[]s to love _! enemies ev5 z !mselves1 c\ld n h sung ( 8 enemies1 'conf\nd 8 enemies fru/rate _! knavi% tricks4' ,! la/ book t ,dr4 ,wallace wrote set =? 8 delib]ate conviction t ! mu* vaunt$ advance ( sci5ce _h add$ n an in* to ! moral /ature ( ,europe4 ,! la/ w> h[ev] has %[n1 z no?+ else has1 ! ,satanic nature ( ! civilization t dom9ates ,europe to day4 ,e canon ( public morality has be5 brok5 by ! victors 9 ! "n ( virtue4 ,no lie has be5 consid]$ too f\l to be utt]$4 ,! motive beh9d e crime is n religi\s or spiritual b grossly mat]ial4 ,b ! ,mussalmans & ! ,h9dus :o are /ruggl+ aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t h religion & hon\r z _! motive4 ,ev5 ! cruel assass9ation :i* has j %ock$ ! c\ntry is report$ to h a religi\s motive beh9d x4 ,x is c]ta9ly necess>y to purge religion ( its excresc5ces1 b x is equally necess>y to expose ! holl[ness ( moral pret5sions on ! "p ( ^? :o pref] mat]ial weal? to moral ga94 ,x is easi] to wean an ignorant fanatic f 8 error ?an a confirm$ sc\ndrel f 8 sc\ndrelism4 ,?is h[ev] is no indictm5t aga9/ individuals or ev5 nations4 ,?\s&s ( individual ,europeans are ris+ above _! environm5t4 ,i write ( ! t5d5cy 9 ,europe z reflect$ 9 h] pres5t lead]s4 ,engl& ?r\gh h] lead]s is insol5tly cru%+ ,indian religi\s & national s5tim5t "u h] heels4 ,engl& "u ! false plea ( self-det]m9ation is try+ to exploit ! oil fields ( ,mesopotamia :i* %e is almo/ to leave because %e has probably no *oice4 ,france ?r\gh h] lead]s is l5d+ h] "n to tra9+ ,cannibals z soldi]s & is %amelessly betray+ h] tru/ z a m&atory p[] by try+ to kill ! _s ( ! ,syrians4 ,presid5t ,wilson has ?r[n on ! scrap heap 8 preci\s f\rte5 po9ts4 ,x is ?is comb9ation ( evil =ces :i* ,india is really fight+ ?r\gh non-viol5t non-coop]ation4 ,& ^? l ,miss ,pet]son :e!r ,*ri/ian or ,european1 :o feel t ?is error mu/ be de?ron$ c ex]cise ! privilege ( do+ s by jo9+ ! non-co-op]ation movem5t4 ,) ! hon\r ( ,islam is b\nd up ! safety ( religion itself & ) ! hon\r ( ,india is b\nd up ! hon\r ( e nation kn[n to be weak4 ,a ,,mission>y ,,on ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,! foll[+ lett] has be5 receiv$ by ,mr4 ,g&hi f ,miss ,anne ,m>ie ,pet]son ( ! ,dani% ,mission 9 ,madras3-- ,de> ,mr4 ,g&hi1 ,i _c ?ank y en\gh = y\r k9dness & ! way 9 :i* y receiv$ me & ,i feel t meet+ m or less decid$ my future4 ,i h ?r[n myself at ! feet ( ,india4 ,at ! same "t ,i "k t 9 ,*ri/ alone is my abode & ,i h no long+ & no desire b to live ,him1 my crucifi$ ,savi\r1 & reveal ,him = ^? ) :om ,i come 9 contact4 ,i j cl+ to 8 feet & pray ) te>s t ,i may n disgrace him z we ,*ri/ians h be5 do+ by our behavi\r 9 ,india4 ,we g on crucify+ ,*ri/ :ile we long to proclaim ! ,p[] ( ,8 resurrection by :i* ,he has conqu]$ untru? & unrighte\sness4 ,if we :o be> ,8 "n 7 true to ,him1 we w\ld nev] b[ ourselves be=e ! ,p[]s ( ?is _w1 b we w\ld always be on ! side ( ! poor1 ! suff]+ & ! oppress$4 ,b we are n & !re=e ,i feel myself "u obligation & only to ,*ri/ b to ,india = ,8 sake at ?is "t ( mom5t\s importance = h] future4 ,truly x matt]s little :at ,i1 a lonely & insignificant p]son1 may say or d4 ,:at is my prote/ aga9/ ! common curr5t1 ! race to :i* ,i belong is tak+ & 7:at grieves me m71 :i* ! mission>y societies seem to foll[8 ,ev5 if a respectable numb] prote/$ x w\ld n be ( any use4 ,yet 7 ,i alone aga9/ ! :ole _w1 ,i mu/ foll[ my consci5ce & my ,god4 ,i !re=e _c b smile :5 ,i see p say+1 y %\ld h await$ ! decision ( ! ,national ,congress be=e />t+ ! non-co-op]ation movem5t4 ,y h a message = ! c\ntry1 & ! ,congress is ! voice ( ! nation--its s]vant & n its ma/]4 ,a majority has no "r simply because x is a majority4 ,b we mu/ try to w9 ! majority4 ,& x is easy to see t n[ t ,congress is go+ to be ) y4 ,w\ld x h done s if y _h kept quiet & n l5t y\r voice to ! feel+s ( ! p8 ,w\ld ! ,congress h kn[n its m9d8 ,i ?9k n4 ,i myself 0 9 mu* d\bt be=e ,i he>d y4 ,b y conv9c$ me4 ,n t ,i c feel mu* on ! "q ( ! ,khilafat4 ,i _c4 ,i c see :at s]vice y are do+ to ,india1 if y c prev5t ! ,mahom$ans f us+ ! sword 9 ord] to take rev5ge & get _! rights4 ,i c see t if y unite ! ,h9dus & ! ,mahom$ans1 x w be a ma/] /roke4 ,h[ ,i wi% ! ,*ri/ian w\ld also come =w>d & unite ) y = ! sake ( _! c\ntry & ! hon\r n only ( _! ,mo!rl& b ( ,*ri/4 ,i may n feel mu* = ,turkey1 b ,i feel = ,india1 & ,i c see %e 7,india7 has no o!r way to prote/ aga9/ be+ trampl$ d[n & cru%$ ?an non-co-op]ation4 ,i also want y to "k t _m 9 ,d5m>k & all ov] ! _w1 yes1 ,i am sure e true ,*ri/ian1 w feel ) & be 9 sympa?y ) ,india 9 ! /ruggle :i* is n[ go+ on4 ,god =bid t 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 might & "r1 tru? & untru?1 ! _s & ! fle%1 !re %\ld be a division ( races4 ,!re is n4 ,! same /ruggle is go+ on all ov] ! _w4 ,:at does x matt] !n t we are a few8 ,god is on our side4 ,brute =ce (t5 seems to get ! upp] h& b righte\sness always has & always %all conqu]1 be x ev5 ?r\gh mu* suff]+1 & :at may ev5 appe> to be a defeat4 ,*ri/ conqu]$1 :5 ! _w crucifi$ ,him4 ,bless$ are ! meek2 !y %all inh]it ! e>?4 ,:5 ,i read y\r spee* giv5 at ,madras x /ruck me t x %\ld be pr9t$ z a pamphlet 9 ,engli%1 ,tamil1 ,h9du/ani & all ! mo/ us$ languages & !n spread to e nook & corn] ( ,india4 ,! non-co-op]ation movem5t once />t$ mu/ be work$ s z to become successful4 ,if x is n1 ,i dread to ?9k ( ! consequ5ces4 ,b y _c expect x to w9 9 a day or two4 ,x mu/ take "t & y w n despair if y d n rea* y\r goal 9 a hurry4 ,= ^? :o h fai? !re is no ha/e4 ,n[ = ! )drawal ( ! *ildr5 & /ud5ts f ,gov]nm5t s*ools1 ,i ?9k1 x a mo/ important /ep4 ,tak+ ! ,gov]nm5t help 7ev5 if x be y\r money !y pay y back71 we mu/ submit to its s*eme1 its rules & regulation4 ,india & we :o love h] h come to ! conclusion t ! education ! =eign ,gov]nm5t has giv5 y is n heal?y = ,india & c c]ta9ly nev] make = h] real gr[?4 ,?is movem5t w\ld lead to a spontane\s rise ( national s*ools4 ,let !m be a few b let !m spr+ up ?r\gh self-sacrifice4 ,only by indig5\s education c ,india be truly uplift$4 ,:y ?is appeals s mu* to me is p]haps because ,i belong to ! "p ( ! ,dani% p :o />t$ _! own indep5d5t1 indig5\s national s*ools4 ,! ,dani% ,free ,s*ools & ,folk-,high-,s*ools1 ( :i* y may h he>d1 7 />t$ aga9/ ! opposition & p]secution ( ! ,/ate4 ,! organis]s won & ?us h reg5]at$ ! nation4 ,) my truly he>tfelt ?anks & pray]s = y4 ,i am1 ,y\r s9c]ely1 ,anne ,m>ie4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,"w ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,p]haps ! be/ way ( answ]+ ! fe>s & criticism z to non-co-op]ation is to elaborate m fully ! s*eme ( non-co-op]ation4 ,! critics seem to imag9e t ! organis]s propose to give effect to ! :ole s*eme at once4 ,! fact h[ev] is t ! organis]s h fix$ def9ite1 progressive f\r /ages4 ,! fir/ is ! giv+ up ( titles & resignation ( honor>y po/s4 ,if !re is no response or if ! response receiv$ is n effective1 rec\rse w be _h to ! second /age4 ,! second /age involves mu* previ\s arrangem5t4 ,c]ta9ly n a s+le s]vant w be call$ out unless he is ei!r capable ( support+ himself & 8 dep5d5ts or ! ,khilafat ,committee is able to be> ! burd54 ,all ! classes ( s]vants w n be call$ out at once & nev] w any pressure be put ^u a s+le s]vant to )draw himself f ! ,gov]nm5t s]vice4 ,nor w a s+le private employee be t\*$ = ! simple reason t ! movem5t is n anti-,engli%4 ,x is n ev5 anti-,gov]nm5t4 ,co-op]ation is to be )drawn because ! p mu/ n be p>ty to a wrong--a brok5 pl$ge--a violation ( deep religi\s s5tim5t4 ,naturally1 ! movem5t w receive a *eck1 if !re is any undue influ5ce br\ght to be> ^u any ,gov]nm5t s]vant or if any viol5ce is us$ or c\nt5anc$ by any memb] ( ! ,khilafat ,committee4 ,! second /age mu/ be entirely successful1 if ! response is at all on an adequate scale4 ,= no ,gov]nm5t--mu* less ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t--c subsi/ if ! p cease to s]ve x4 ,! )drawal !re=e ( ! police & ! milit>y--! ?ird /age--is a di/ant goal4 ,! organis]s h[ev] want$ to be fair1 op5 & above suspicion4 ,!y did n want to keep back f ! ,gov]nm5t or ! public a s+le /ep !y _h 9 contemplation ev5 z a remote cont+5cy4 ,! f\r?1 i4e41 susp5sion ( taxes is /ill m remote4 ,! organis]s recognise t susp5sion ( g5]al taxation is fraught ) ! greate/ dang]4 ,x is likely to br+ a s5sitive class 9 conflict ) ! police4 ,!y are !re=e n likely to emb>k ^u x1 unless !y c d s ) ! assurance t !re w be no viol5ce (f]$ by ! p4 ,i admit z ,i h already done t non-co-op]ation is n unatt5d$ ) risk1 b ! risk ( sup95ess 9 ! face ( a grave issue is inf9itely great] ?an ! dang] ( viol5ce ensu+ =m organiz+ non-co-op]ation4 ,to d no?+ is to invite viol5ce = a c]ta9ty4 ,x is easy en\gh to pass resolutions or write articles condemn+ non-co-op]ation4 ,b x is no easy task to re/ra9 ! fury ( a p inc5s$ by a deep s5se ( wrong4 ,i urge ^? :o talk or "w aga9/ non-co-op]ation to desc5d f _! *airs & g d[n to ! p1 le>n _! feel+s & write1 if !y h ! he>t aga9/ non-co-op]ation4 ,!y w f9d1 z ,i h f\nd t ! only way to avoid viol5ce is to enable !m to give su* expression to _! feel+s z to compel r$ress4 ,i h f\nd no?+ save non-co-op]ation4 ,x is logical & h>mless4 ,x is ! inh]5t "r ( a subject to refuse to assi/ a ,gov]nm5t t w n li/5 to him4 ,non-co-op]ation z a volunt>y movem5t c only succe$1 if ! feel+ is g5u9e & /rong en\gh to make p suff] to ! utmo/4 ,if ! religi\s s5tim5t ( ! ,mahom$ans is deeply hurt & if ! ,h9dus ent]ta9 neighb\rly reg>d t[>ds _! ,muslim bre?r51 !y w bo? c\nt no co/ too great = a*iev+ ! end4 ,non-co-op]ation w n only be an effective rem$y b w also be an effective te/ ( ! s9c]ity ( ! ,muslim claim & ! ,h9du pr(ession ( fri5d%ip4 ,!re is h[ev] "o =midable argum5t urg$ by fri5ds aga9/ my jo9+ ! ,khilafat movem5t4 ,!y say t x ill-becomes me1 a fri5d ( ! ,engli% & an admir] ( ! ,briti% con/itution1 to jo9 h&s ) ^? :o are to-day fill$ ) no?+ b ill-w aga9/ ! ,engli%4 ,i am sorry to h to confess t ! ord9>y ,mahom$an ent]ta9s to-day no affection = ,engli%m54 ,he consid]s1 n )\t "s cause1 t !y h n play$ ! game4 ,b if ,i am fri5dly t[>ds ,engli%m51 ,i am no less s t[>ds my c\ntrym51 ! ,mahom$ans4 ,& z su* !y h a great] claim ^u my att5tion ?an ,engli%m54 ,my p]sonal religion h[ev] enables me to s]ve my c\ntrym5 )\t hurt+ ,engli%m5 or = t matt] anybody else4 ,:at ,i am n prep>$ to d to my blood-bro!r ,i w\ld n d to an ,engli%man1 ,i w\ld n injure him to ga9 a k+dom4 ,b ,i w\ld )draw co-op]ation f him if x becomes necess>y z ,i _h )drawn f my own bro!r 7n[ deceas$7 :5 x became necess>y4 ,i s]ve ! ,empire by refus+ to p>take 9 its wrong4 ,william ,/ead (f]$ public pray]s = ,briti% rev]ses at ! "t ( ! ,bo] w> because he consid]$ t ! nation to :i* he belong$ 0 engag$ 9 an unrighte\s w>4 ,! pres5t ,prime ,m9i/] risk$ 8 life 9 oppos+ t w> & did ev]y?+ he c\ld to ob/ruct 8 own ,gov]nm5t 9 its prosecution4 ,& to-day if ,i h ?r[n 9 my lot ) ! ,mahom$ans1 a l>ge numb] ( :om1 be> no fri5dly feel+s t[>ds ! ,briti%1 ,i h done s frankly z a fri5d ( ! ,briti% & ) ! object ( ga9+ ju/ice & ( !reby %[+ ! capacity ( ! ,briti% con/itution to respond to e hone/ det]m9ation :5 x is c\pl$ ) suff]+1 ,i hope by my 'alliance' ) ! ,mahom$ans to a*ieve a ?reefold end--to obta9 ju/ice 9 ! face ( odds ) ! me?od ( ,satyagrah & to %[ its efficacy ov] all o!r me?ods1 to secure ,mahom$an fri5d%ip = ! ,h9dus & !reby int]nal peace also1 & la/ b n lea/ to trans=m ill-w into affection = ! ,briti% & _! con/itution :i* 9 spite ( ! imp]fections wea!r$ _m a /orm4 ,i may fail 9 a*iev+ any ( ! ends4 ,i c b attempt4 ,god alone c grant success4 ,x w n be d5i$ t ! ends are all wor?y4 ,i invite ,h9dus & ,engli%man to jo9 me 9 a full-he>t$ mann] 9 %\ld]+ ! burd5 ! ,mahom$ans ( ,india are c>ry+4 ,!irs is admitt$ly a j fight4 ,! ,vic]oy1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! ,mah>aja ( ,bikun] & ,"l ,s9ha h te/ifi$ to x4 ,"t has arriv$ to make good ! te/imony4 ,p ) a j cause are nev] satisfi$ ) a m]e prote/4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to die = x4 ,are a high-spirit$ p l ! ,mahom$ans expect$ to d less8 ,,spee* ,,at ,,madras ,address+ a huge conc\rse ( p ( ! city ( ,madras ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans numb]+ ov] #ej1jjj1 assembl$ on ! ,s\? ,bea* opposite to ! ,presid5cy ,college1 ,madras1 on ! #ab? ,augu/ #aibj1 ,mahatma ,g&hi spoke z foll[s3-- ,mr4 ,*airman & ,fri5ds1--,l la/ ye>1 ,i h to ask y\r =giv5ess t ,i %\ld h to speak be+ seat$4 ,:il/ my voice has become /rong] ?an x 0 la/ ye>1 my body is /ill weak2 & if ,i 7 to attempt to speak to y /&+1 ,i c\ld n hold on = v _m m9utes be=e ! :ole frame w\ld %ake4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t y w grant me p]mission to speak seat$4 ,i h sat "h to address y on a mo/ important "q1 probably a "q ^: importance we h n measur$ up to n[4 ,,lokamanya ,,tilak ,b be=e ,i approa* t "q on ?is de> old bea* ( ,madras1 y w expect me--y w want me--to (f] my tribute to ! great dep>t$1 ,lokamanya ,tilak ,mah>aj 7l\d & prolong$ *e]s74 ,i w\ld ask ?is great assembly to li/5 to me 9 sil5ce4 ,i h come to make an appeal to y\r he>ts & to y\r reason & ,i c\ld n d s unless y 7 prep>$ to li/5 to :atev] ,i h to say 9 absolute sil5ce4 ,i wi% to (f] my tribute to ! dep>t$ patriot & ,i ?9k t ,i _c d bett] ?an say t 8 dea?1 z 8 life1 has p\r$ new vig\r into ! c\ntry4 ,if y 7 pres5t z ,i 0 pres5t at t great fun]al procession1 y w\ld realise ) me ! mean+ ( my words4 ,mr4 ,tilak liv$ = 8 c\ntry4 ,! inspiration ( 8 life 0 fre$om = 8 c\ntry :i* he call$ ,sw>aj ! inspiration ( 8 dea?-b$ 0 also fre$om = 8 c\ntry4 ,& x 0 t :i* gave him su* m>vell\s hold ^u 8 c\ntrym52 x 0 t :i* comm&$ ! adoration n ( a few *os5 ,indians belong+ to ! upp] /rata ( society b ( millions ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 life 0 "o long su/a9$ piece ( self-sacrifice4 ,he began t life ( discipl9e & self-sacrifice 9 #ahgi & he cont9u$ t life up to ! end ( 8 day1 & t 0 ! secret ( 8 hold ^u 8 c\ntry4 ,he n only knew :at he want$ = 8 c\ntry b also h[ to live = 8 c\ntry & h[ to die = 8 c\ntry4 ,i hope !n t :atev] ,i say ?is ev5+ to ?is va/ mass ( p1 w be> fruit 9 t same sacrifice = :i* ! life ( ,lokamanya ,tilak ,mah>aj /&s4 ,8 life1 if x tea*es u any?+ :atsoev]1 tea*es "o supreme lesson3 t if we want to d any?+ :atsoev] = our c\ntry we c d s n by spee*es1 h[ev] gr&1 eloqu5t & conv9c+ !y may be1 b only by sacrifice at ! back ( e act ( our life4 ,i h come to ask ev]yone ( y :e!r y are ready & will+ to give suffici5tly = y\r c\ntry's sake = c\ntry's hon\r & = religion4 ,i h b\ndless fai? 9 y1 ! citiz5s ( ,madras1 & ! p ( ?is great presid5cy1 a fai? :i* ,i began to cultivate 9 ! ye> #aijc :5 ,i fir/ made acqua9tance ) ! ,tamil lab\r]s 9 ,s\? ,africa2 & ,i hope t 9 ^! h\rs ( our trial1 ?is prov9ce w n be second to any o!r 9 ,india1 & t x w lead 9 ?is _s ( self-sacrifice & w translate e ^w into action4 ,,ne$ ,,= ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,:at is ?is non-co-op]ation1 ab\t :i* y h he>d s mu*1 & :y d we want to (f] ?is non-co-op]ation8 ,i wi% to g = ! "t be+ into ! :y4 ,"h are two ?+s be=e ?is c\ntry3 ! fir/ & ! =emo/ is ! ,khilafat "q4 ,on ?is ! he>t ( ! ,mussalmans ( ,india has become lasc]at$4 ,briti% pl$ges giv5 aft] ! greate/ delib]ation by ! ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,engl& 9 ! "n ( ! ,engli% nation1 h be5 dragg$ into ! mire4 ,! promises giv5 to ,moslem ,india on ! /r5g? ( :i*1 ! consid]ation t 0 expect$ by ! ,briti% nation 0 exact$1 h be5 brok51 & ! great religion ( ,islam has be5 plac$ 9 dang]4 ,! ,mussalmans hold--& ,i v5ture to ?9k !y rightly hold--t s long z ,briti% promises rema9 unfulfill$1 s long is x impossible = !m to t5d] :ole-he>t$ fealty & loyalty to ! ,briti% connection2 & if x is to be a *oice = a dev\t ,mussalman betwe5 loyalty to ! ,briti% connection & loyalty to 8 ,code & ,prophet1 he w n require a second to make 8 *oice1--& he has decl>$ 8 *oice4 ,! ,mussalmans say frankly op5ly & hon\rably to ! :ole _w t if ! ,briti% ,m9i/]s & ! ,briti% nation d n fulfil ! pl$ges giv5 to !m & d n wi% to reg>d ) respect ! s5tim5ts ( #gj millions ( ! inhabitants ( ,india :o pr(ess ! fai? ( ,islam1 x w be impossible = !m to reta9 ,islamic loyalty4 ,x is a "q1 !n = ! re/ ( ! ,indian population to consid] :e!r !y want to p]=m a neighb\rly duty by _! ,mussalman c\ntrym51 & if !y d1 !y h an opportunity ( a lifetime :i* w n occur = ano!r hundr$ ye>s1 to %[ _! good-w1 fell[%ip & fri5d%ip & to prove :at !y h be5 say+ = all ^! long ye>s t ! ,mussalman is ! bro!r ( ! ,h9du4 ,if ! ,h9du reg>ds t be=e ! connection ) ! ,briti% nation comes 8 natural connection ) 8 ,moslem bro!r1 !n ,i say to y t if y f9d t ! ,moslem claim is j1 t x is bas$ ^u real s5tim5t1 & t at its back gr\nd is ?is great religi\s feel+1 y _c d o!rwise ?an help ! ,mussalman ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 s long z _! cause rema9s j1 & ! means = atta9+ ! end rema9s equally j1 hon\rable & free f h>m to ,india4 ,^! are ! pla9 conditions :i* ! ,indian ,mussalmans h accept$2 & x 0 :5 !y saw t !y c\ld accept ! pr(]r$ aid ( ! ,h9dus1 t !y c\ld always ju/ify ! cause & ! means be=e ! :ole _w1 t !y decid$ to accept ! pr(]r$ h& ( fell[%ip4 ,x is !n = ! ,h9dus & ,mahom$ans to (f] a unit$ front to ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian p[]s ( ,europe & tell !m t weak z ,india is1 ,india has /ill got ! capacity ( pres]v+ h] self-respect1 %e /ill kn[s h[ to die = h] religion & = h] self-respect4 ,t is ! ,khilafat 9 a nut-%ell2 b y h also got ! ,punjab4 ,! ,punjab has w\nd$ ! he>t ( ,india z no o!r "q has = ! pa/ c5tury4 ,i d n exclude f my calculation ! ,mut9y ( #aheg4 ,:atev] h>d%ips ,india _h to suff] dur+ ! ,mut9y1 ! insult t 0 attempt$ to be (f]$ to h] dur+ ! passage ( ! ,r[latt legislation & t :i* 0 (f]$ aft] its passage 7 unp>allel$ 9 ,indian hi/ory4 ,x is because y want ju/ice f ! ,briti% nation 9 connection ) ! ,punjab atrocities3 y h to devise1 ways & means z to h[ y c get ?is ju/ice4 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 ,mr4 ,montagu1 ! ,vic]oy ( ,india1 ev]yone ( !m "k :at ! feel+ ( ,india is on ?is ,khilafat "q & on t ( ! ,punjab2 ! debates 9 bo? ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 ! action ( ,mr4 ,montagu & t ( ! ,vic]oy h demon/rat$ to y completely t !y are n will+ to give ! ju/ice :i* is ,india's due & :i* %e dem&s4 ,i sugge/ t our lead]s h got to f9d a way out ( ?is great difficulty & unless we h made ourselves ev5 ) ! ,briti% rul]s 9 ,india & unless we h ga9$ a measure ( self-respect at ! h&s ( ! ,briti% rul]s 9 ,india1 no connection1 & no fri5dly int]c\rse is possible betwe5 !m & ourselves4 ,i1 !re=e1 v5ture to sugge/ ?is beautiful & unansw]able me?od ( non-co-op]ation4 ,,is ,,x ,,uncon/itutional8 ,i h be5 told t non-co-op]ation is uncon/itutional4 ,i v5ture to d5y t x is uncon/itutional4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i hold t non-co-op]ation is a j & religi\s doctr9e2 x is ! inh]5t "r ( e human be+ & x is p]fectly con/itutional4 ,a great lov] ( ! ,briti% ,empire has said t "u ! ,briti% con/itution ev5 a successful rebellion is p]fectly con/itutional & he quotes hi/orical in/ances1 :i* ,i _c d5y1 9 support ( 8 claim4 ,i d n claim any con/itutionality = a rebellion successful or o!rwise1 s long z t rebellion means 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! t]m1 :at x does mean namely wre/+ ju/ice by viol5t means4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i h said x repeat$ly to my c\ntrym5 t viol5ce :atev] end x may s]ve 9 ,europe1 w nev] s]ve u 9 ,india4 ,my bro!r & fri5d ,%aukat ,ali believes 9 me?ods ( viol5ce2 & if x 0 9 8 p[] to draw ! sword aga9/ ! ,briti% ,empire1 ,i "k t he has got ! c\rage ( a man & he has got also ! wisdom to see t he %\ld (f] t battle to ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,b because he recognises z a true soldi] t means ( viol5ce are n op5 to ,india1 he sides ) me accept+ my humble assi/ance & pl$ges 8 ^w t s long z ,i am ) him & s long z he believes 9 ! doctr9e1 s long w he n h>b\r ev5 ! idea ( viol5ce aga9/ any s+le ,engli%man or any s+le man on e>?4 ,i am "h to tell y t he has be5 z true z 8 ^w & has kept x religi\sly4 ,i am "h to be> witness t he has be5 foll[+ out ?is plan ( non-viol5t ,non-co-op]ation to ! v lett] & ,i am ask+ ,india to foll[ ?is non-viol5t non-co-op]ation4 ,i tell y t !re is n a bett] soldi] liv+ 9 our ranks 9 ,briti% ,india ?an ,%aukat ,ali4 ,:5 ! "t = ! draw+ ( ! sword comes1 if x ev] comes1 y w f9d him draw+ t sword & y w f9d me retir+ to ! jungles ( ,h9du/an4 ,z soon z ,india accepts ! doctr9e ( ! sword1 my life z an ,indian is f9i%$4 ,x is because ,i believe 9 a mission special to ,india & x is because ,i believe t ! anci5ts ( ,india aft] c5turies ( exp]i5ce h f\nd out t ! true ?+ = any human be+ on e>? is n ju/ice bas$ on viol5ce b ju/ice bas$ on sacrifice ( self1 ju/ice bas$ on ,yagna & ,kurbani1--,i cl+ to t doctr9e & ,i %all cl+ to x = ev]1--x is = t reason ,i tell y t :il/ my fri5d believes also 9 ! doctr9e ( viol5ce & has adopt$ ! doctr9e ( non-viol5ce z a weapon ( ! weak1 ,i believe 9 ! doctr9e ( non-viol5ce z a weapon ( ! /ronge/4 ,i believe t a man is ! /ronge/ soldi] = d>+ to die un>m$ ) 8 brea/ b>e be=e ! enemy4 ,s mu* = ! non-viol5t "p ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i !re=e1 v5ture to sugge/ to my le>n$ c\ntrym5 t s long z ! doctr9e ( non-co-op]ation rema9s non-viol5t1 s long !re is no?+ uncon/itutional 9 t doctr9e4 ,i ask fur!r1 is x uncon/itutional = me to say to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ',i refuse to s]ve y8' ,is x uncon/itutional = our wor?y ,*airman to return ) e respect all ! titles t he has ev] held f ! ,gov]nm5t8 ,is x uncon/itutional = any p>5t to )draw 8 *ildr5 f a ,gov]nm5t or aid$ s*ool8 ,is x uncon/itutional = a lawy] to say ',i %all no long] support ! arm ( ! law s long z t arm ( law is us$ n to raise me b to debase me'8 ,is x uncon/itutional = a civil s]vant or = a judge to say1 ',i refuse to s]ve a ,gov]nm5t :i* does n wi% to respect ! wi%es ( ! :ole p8' ,i ask1 is x uncon/itutional = a policeman or = a soldi] to t5d] 8 resignation :5 he kn[s t he is call$ to s]ve a ,gov]nm5t :i* traduces 8 own c\ntrym58 ,is x uncon/itutional = me to g to ! 'kri%an1' to ! agriculturi/1 & say to him 'x is n wise = y to pay any taxes if ^! taxes are us$ by ! ,gov]nm5t n to raise y b to weak5 y8' ,i hold & ,i v5ture to submit1 t !re is no?+ uncon/itutional 9 x4 ,:at is m1 ,i h done e "o ( ^! ?+s 9 my life & nobody has que/ion$ ! con/itutional "* ( x4 ,i 0 9 ,kaira work+ 9 ! mid/ ( #g lakhs ( agriculturi/s4 ,!y _h all susp5d$ ! paym5t ( taxes & ! :ole ( ,india 0 at "o ) me4 ,nobody consid]$ t x 0 uncon/itutional4 ,i submit t 9 ! :ole plan ( non-co-op]ation1 !re is no?+ uncon/itutional4 ,b ,i d v5ture to sugge/ t x w be highly uncon/itutional 9 ! mid/ ( ?is uncon/itutional ,gov]nm5t1--9 ! mid/ ( a nation :i* has built up its magnific5t con/itution1--= ! p ( ,india to become weak & to crawl on _! belly--x w be highly uncon/itutional = ! p ( ,india to pocket e insult t is (f]$ to !m2 x is highly uncon/itutional = ! #gj millions ( ,moham$ans ( ,india to submit to a viol5t wrong done to _! religion2 x is highly uncon/itutional = ! :ole ( ,india to sit /ill & co-op]ate ) an unju/ ,gov]nm5t :i* has trodd5 "u its feet ! hon\r ( ! ,punjab4 ,i say to my c\ntrym5 s long z y h a s5se ( hon\r & s long z y wi% to rema9 ! desc5dants & def5d]s ( ! noble traditions t h be5 h&$ to y = g5]ations aft] g5]ations1 x is uncon/itutional = y n to non-co-op]ate & uncon/itutional = y to co-op]ate ) a ,gov]nm5t :i* has become s unju/ z our ,gov]nm5t has become4 ,i am n anti-,engli%2 ,i am n anti-,briti%2 ,i am n anti any ,gov]nm5t2 b ,i am anti-untru?--anti-humbug & anti-inju/ice4 ,s long z ! ,gov]nm5t spells inju/ice1 x may reg>d me z its enemy1 implacable enemy4 ,i _h hop$ at ! ,congress at ,amrits>--,i am speak+ ,god's tru? be=e y--:5 ,i plead$ on b5d$ knees be=e "s ( y = co-op]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,i _h full hope t ! ,briti% m9i/]s :o are wise1 z a rule1 w\ld placate ! ,mussalman s5tim5t t !y w\ld d full ju/ice 9 ! matt] ( ! ,punjab atrocities2 & !re=e1 ,i said3--let u return good-w to ! h& ( fell[%ip t has be5 ext5d$ to u1 :i* ,i !n believ$ 0 ext5d$ to u ?r\gh ! ,royal ,proclamation4 ,x 0 on t acc\nt t ,i plead$ = co-op]ation4 ,b to-day t fai? hav+ gone & oblit]at$ by ! acts ( ! ,briti% m9i/]s1 ,i am "h to plead n = futile ob/ruction 9 ! ,legislative c\ncil b = real sub/antial non-co-op]ation :i* w\ld p>alyse ! mightie/ ,gov]nm5t on e>?4 ,t is :at ,i /& = to-day4 ,until we h wrung ju/ice1 & until we h wrung our self-respect f unwill+ h&s & f unwill+ p5s !re c be no co-op]ation4 ,our ,%a/ras say & ,i say s ) ! greate/ def]5ce to all ! greate/ religi\s preceptors ( ,india b )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t our ,%a/ras tea* u t !re %all be no co-op]ation betwe5 inju/ice & ju/ice1 betwe5 an unju/ man & a ju/ice-lov+ man1 betwe5 tru? & untru?4 ,co-op]ation is a duty only s long z ,gov]nm5t protects y\r hon\r1 & non-co-op]ation is an equal duty :5 ! ,gov]nm5t in/ead ( protect+ robs y ( y\r hon\r4 ,t is ! doctr9e ( non-co-op]ation4 ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,,& ,,! ,,special ,,congress ,i h be5 told t ,i %\ld h wait$ = ! decl>ation ( ! special ,congress :i* is ! m\? piece ( ! :ole nation4 ,i "k t x is ! m\?piece ( ! :ole nation4 ,if x 0 = me1 individual ,g&hi1 to wait1 ,i w\ld h wait$ = et]nity4 ,b ,i _h 9 my h&s a sacr$ tru/4 ,i 0 advis+ my ,mussalman c\ntrym5 & = ! "t be+ ,i hold _! hon\r 9 my h&s4 ,i d>e n ask !m to wait = any v]dict b ! v]dict ( _! own ,consci5ce4 ,d y suppose t ,mussalmans c eat _! own words1 c )draw f ! hon\rable position !y h tak5 up8 ,if p]*ance--& ,god =bid t x %\ld happ5--! ,special ,congress decides aga9/ !m1 ,i w\ld /ill advise my c\ntrym5 ! ,mussalmans to /& s+le h&$ & fight r ?an yield to ! attempt$ di%on\r to _! religion4 ,x is !re=e giv5 to ! ,mussalmans to g to ! ,congress on b5d$ knees & plead = support4 ,b support or no support1 x 0 n possible = !m to wait = ! ,congress to give !m ! lead4 ,!y _h to *oose betwe5 futile viol5ce1 draw+ ( ! nak$ sword & peaceful non-viol5t b effective non-co-op]ation1 & !y h made _! *oice4 ,i v5ture fur!r to say to y t if !re is any body ( m5 :o feel z ,i d1 ! sacr$ "* ( non-co-op]ation1 x is = y & me n to wait = ! ,congress b to act & to make x impossible = ! ,congress to give any o!r v]dict4 ,aft] all :at is ! ,congress8 ,! ,congress is ! collect$ voice ( individuals :o =m x1 & if ! individuals g to ! ,congress ) a unit$ voice1 t w be ! v]dict y w ga9 f ! ,congress4 ,b if we g to ! ,congress ) no op9ion because we h none or because we are afraid to express x1 !n naturally we wait ! v]dict ( ! ,congress4 ,to ^? :o are unable to make up _! m9d ,i say by all means wait4 ,b = ^? :o h se5 ! cle> light z !y see ! lights 9 front ( !m1 = !m to wait is a s94 ,! ,congress does n expect y to wait b x expects y to act s t ! ,congress c gauge prop]ly ! national feel+4 ,s mu* = ! ,congress4 ,,boycott ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncils ,among ! details ( non-co-op]ation ,i h plac$ 9 ! =emo/ rank ! boycott ( ! c\ncils4 ,fri5ds h qu>rell$ ) me = ! use ( ! ^w boycott1 because ,i h disapprov$--z ,i disapprove ev5 n[--boycott ( ,briti% goods or any goods = t matt]4 ,b !re1 boycott has its own mean+ & "h boycott has its own mean+4 ,i n only d n disapprove b approve ( ! boycott ( ! c\ncils t are go+ to be =m$ next ye>4 ,& :y d ,i d x8 ,! p--! masses1--require f u1 ! lead]s1 a cle> lead4 ,!y d n want any equivocation f u4 ,! sugge/ion t we %\ld seek election & !n refuse to take ! oa? ( allegiance1 w\ld only make ! nation di/ru/ ! lead]s4 ,x is n a cle> lead to ! nation4 ,s ,i say to y1 my c\ntrym51 n to fall into ?is trap4 ,we %all sell our c\ntry by adopt+ ! me?od ( seek+ election & !n n tak+ ! oa? ( allegiance4 ,we may f9d x difficult1 & ,i frankly confess to y t ,i h n t tru/ 9 s _m ,indians mak+ t decl>ation & /&+ by x4 ,to-day ,i sugge/ to ^? :o hone/ly hold ! view--viz4 t we %\ld seek election & !n refuse to take ! oa? ( allegiance--,i sugge/ to !m t !y w fall into a trap :i* !y are prep>+ = !mselves & = ! nation4 ,t is my view4 ,i hold t if we want to give ! nation ! cle>e/ possible lead1 & if we want n to play ) ?is great nation we mu/ make x cle> to ?is nation t we _c take any fav\rs1 no matt] h[ great !y may be s long z ^? fav\rs are accompani$ by an inju/ice a d\ble wrong1 done to ,india n yet r$ress$4 ,! fir/ indisp5sable ?+ be=e we c receive any fav\rs f !m is t !y %\ld r$ress ?is d\ble wrong4 ,!re is a ,greek prov]b :i* us$ to say ,bew>e ( ! ,greek b especially bew>e ( !m :5 !y br+ gifts to y4 ,to-day f ^? m9i/]s :o are b5t ^u p]petuat+ ! wrong to ,islam & to ! ,punjab1 ,i say we _c accept gifts b we %\ld be d\bly c>eful le/ we may n fall into ! trap t !y may h devis$4 ,i !re=e sugge/ t we mu/ n coquet ) ! c\ncil & mu/ n h any?+ :atsoev] to d ) !m4 ,i am told t if we1 :o repres5t ! national s5tim5t d n seek election1 ! ,mod]ates :o d n repres5t t s5tim5t w4 ,i d n agree4 ,i d n "k :at ! ,mod]ates repres5t & ,i d n "k :at ! ,nationali/s repres5t4 ,i "k t !re are good %eep & black %eep among/ ! ,mod]ates4 ,i "k t !re are good %eep & black %eep among/ ! ,nationali/s4 ,i "k t _m ,mod]ates hold hone/ly ! view t x is a s9 to resort to non-co-op]ation4 ,i respectfully agree to diff] f !m4 ,i d say to !m also t !y w fall into a trap :i* !y w h devis$ if !y seek election4 ,b t does n affect my situation4 ,if ,i feel 9 my he>t ( he>ts t ,i ought n to g to ! c\ncils ,i ought at lea/ to abide by ?is decision & x does n matt] if n9ety-n9e o!r c\ntrym5 seek election4 ,t is ! only way 9 :i* public "w c be done1 & public op9ion c be built4 ,t is ! only way 9 :i* re=ms c be a*iev$ & religion c be cons]v$4 ,if x is a "q ( religi\s hon\r1 :e!r ,i am "o or among _m ,i mu/ /& ^u my doctr9e4 ,ev5 if ,i %\ld die 9 ! attempt1 x is wor? dy+ =1 ?an t ,i %\ld live & d5y my own doctr9e4 ,i sugge/ t x w be wrong on ! "p ( any "o to seek election to ^! ,c\ncils4 ,if once we feel t we _c co-op]ate ) ?is ,gov]nm5t1 we h to comm5ce f ! top4 ,we are ! natural lead]s ( ! p & we h acquir$ ! "r & ! p[] to g to ! nation & speak to x ) ! voice ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i !re=e d sugge/ t x is inconsi/5t ) non-co-op]ation to seek election to ! ,c\ncils on any t]ms :atsoev]4 ,,lawy]s ,,& ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,i h sugge/$ ano!r difficult matt]1 viz41 t ! lawy]s %\ld susp5d _! practice4 ,h[ %\ld ,i d o!rwise kn[+ s well h[ ! ,gov]nm5t _h always be5 able to reta9 ?is p[] ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( lawy]s4 ,x is p]fectly true t x is ! lawy]s ( to-day :o are lead+ u1 :o are fight+ ! c\ntry's battles1 b :5 x comes to a matt] ( action aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t1 :5 x comes to a matt] ( p>alys+ ! activity ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,i "k t ! ,gov]nm5t always look to ! lawy]s1 h[ev] f9e fight]s !y may h be5 to pres]ve _! dignity & _! self-respect4 ,i !re=e sugge/ to my lawy] fri5ds t x is _! duty to susp5d _! practice & to %[ to ! ,gov]nm5t t !y w no long] reta9 _! (fices1 because lawy]s are consid]$ to be honor>y (fic]s ( ! c\rts & !re=e subject to _! discipl9>y jurisdiction4 ,!y mu/ no long] reta9 ^! honor>y (fices if !y want to )draw on op]ation f ,gov]nm5t4 ,b :at w happ5 to law & ord]8 ,we %all evolve law & ord] ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ^! v lawy]s4 ,we %all promote arbitration c\rts & disp5se ju/ice1 pure1 simple home-made ju/ice1 swade%i ju/ice to our c\ntrym54 ,t is :at susp5sion ( practice means4 ,,p>5ts ,,& ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,i h sugge/$ yet ano!r difficulty--to )draw our *ildr5 f ! ,gov]nm5t s*ools & to ask collegiate /ud5ts to )draw f ! ,college & to empty ,gov]nm5t aid$ s*ools4 ,h[ c\ld ,i d o!rwise8 ,i want to gauge ! national s5tim5t4 ,i want to "k :e!r ! ,mahomodans feel deeply4 ,if !y feel deeply !y w und]/& 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 t x is n "r = !m to receive s*ool+ f a ,gov]nm5t 9 :i* !y h lo/ all fai?2 & :i* !y d n tru/ at all4 ,h[ c ,i1 if ,i d n want to help ?is ,gov]nm5t1 receive any help f t ,gov]nm5t4 ,i ?9k t ! s*ools & colleges are factories = mak+ cl]ks & ,gov]nm5t s]vants4 ,i w\ld n help ?is great factory = manufactur+ cl]ks & s]vants if ,i want to )draw co-op]ation f t ,gov]nm5t4 ,look at x f any po9t ( view y l4 ,x is n possible = y to s5d y\r *ildr5 to ! s*ools & /ill believe 9 ! doctr9e ( non-co-op]ation4 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,title ,,hold]s ,i h gone fur!r4 ,i h sugge/$ t our title hold]s %\ld give up _! titles4 ,h[ c !y hold on to ! titles & hon\r be/[$ by ! ,gov]nm5t8 ,!y 7 at "o "t badges ( hon\rs :5 we believ$ t national hon\r 0 safe 9 _! h&s4 ,b n[ !y are no long] badges ( hon\r b badges ( di%on\r & disgrace :5 we really believe t we _c get ju/ice f ?is ,gov]nm5t4 ,e title hold] holds 8 titles & hon\rs z tru/ee = ! nation & 9 ?is fir/ /ep 9 ! )drawal ( co-op]ation f ! ,gov]nm5t !y %\ld surr5d] _! titles )\t a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,i sugge/ to my ,mahom$an c\ntrym5 t if !y fail 9 ?is prim>y duty !y w c]ta9ly fail 9 non-co-op]ation unless ! masses !mselves reject ! classes & take up non-co-op]ation 9 _! own h&s & are able to fight t battle ev5 z ! m5 ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution 7 able to take ! re9s ( ,gov]nm5t 9 _! own h&s leav+ aside ! lead]s & m>*$ to ! bann] ( victory4 ,i want no revolution4 ,i want ord]$ progress4 ,i want no disord]$ ord]4 ,i want no *aos4 ,i want real ord] to be evolv$ out ( ?is *aos :i* is misrepres5t$ to me z ord]4 ,if x is ord] e/abli%$ by a tyrant 9 ord] to get hold ( ! tyrannical re9s ( ,gov]nm5t ,i say t x is no ord] = me b x is disord]4 ,i want to evolve ju/ice out ( ?is inju/ice4 ,!re=e1 ,i sugge/ to y ! passive non-co-op]ation4 ,if we w\ld only realise ! secret ( ?is peaceful & infallible doctr9e y w "k & y w f9d t y w n want to use ev5 an angry ^w :5 !y lift ! sword at y & y w n want ev5 to lift y\r little f+]1 let alone a /ick or a sword4 ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation--,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,empire ,y may consid] t ,i h spok5 ^! words 9 ang] because ,i h consid]$ ! ways ( ?is ,gov]nm5t immoral1 unju/1 debas+ & untru?ful4 ,i use ^! adjectives ) ! greate/ delib]ation4 ,i h us$ !m = my own true bro!r ) :om ,i 0 engag$ 9 battle ( non-co-op]ation = full #ac ye>s & al?\gh ! a%es cov] ! rema9s ( my bro!r ,i tell y t ,i us$ to tell him t he 0 unju/ :5 8 plans 7 bas$ ^u immoral f\ndation4 ,i us$ to tell him t he did n /& = tru?4 ,!re 0 no ang] 9 me1 ,i told him ?is home tru? because ,i lov$ him4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,i tell ! ,briti% p t ,i love !m1 & t ,i want _! association b ,i want t association on conditions well def9$4 ,i want my self-respect & ,i want my absolute equality ) !m4 ,if ,i _c ga9 t equality f ! ,briti% p1 ,i d n want t ,briti% connection4 ,if ,i h to let ! ,briti% p g & import tempor>y disord] & dislocation ( national bus9ess1 ,i w fav\r t disord] & dislocation ?an t ,i %\ld h inju/ice f ! h&s ( a great nation su* z ! ,briti% nation4 ,y w f9d t by ! "t ! :ole *apt] is clos$ t ! successors ( ,mr4 ,montagu w give me ! cr$it = hav+ r5d]$ ! mo/ di/+ui%$ s]vice t ,i h yet r5d]$ to ! ,empire1 9 hav+ (f]$ ?is non-co-op]ation & 9 hav+ sugge/ ! boycott1 n ( ,8 ,royal ,highness ! pr9ciple ( ,wales1 b ( boycott ( a visit eng9e]$ by ,gov]nm5t 9 ord] to tight5 its hold on ! national neck4 ,i w n all[ x ev5 if ,i /& alone1 if ,i _c p]suade ?is nation n to welcome t visit b w boycott t visit ) all ! p[] at my comm&4 ,x is = t reason ,i /& be=e y & implore y to (f] ?is religi\s battle1 b x is n a battle (f]$ to y by a vision>y or a sa9t4 ,i d5y be+ a vision>y4 ,i d n accept ! claim ( sa9tl9ess4 ,i am ( ! e>?1 e>?y1 a common g>d5] man z mu* z any "o ( y1 probably mu* m ?an y are4 ,i am prone to z _m weaknesses z y are4 ,b ,i h se5 ! _w4 ,i h liv$ 9 ! _w ) my eyes op54 ,i h gone ?r\gh ! mo/ fi]y ordeals t h fall5 to ! lot ( man4 ,i h gone ?r\gh ?is discipl9e4 ,i h und]/ood ! secret ( my own sacr$ ,h9duism4 ,i h le>nt ! lesson t non-co-op]ation is ! duty n m]ely ( ! sa9t b x is ! duty ( e ord9>y citiz51 :o n "k mu*1 n c>+ to "k mu* b wants to p]=m 8 ord9>y h\sehold functions4 ,! p ( ,europe t\* ev5 _! masses1 ! poor p ! doctr9e ( ! sword4 ,b ! ,ri%is ( ,india1 ^? :o h held ! tradition ( ,india h prea*$ to ! masses ( ,india ?is doctr9e1 n ( ! sword1 n ( viol5ce b ( suff]+1 ( self-suff]+4 ,& unless y & ,i am prep>$ to g ?r\gh ?is prim>y lesson we are n ready ev5 to (f] ! sword & t is ! lesson my bro!r ,%aukal ,ali has imbib$ to tea* & t is :y he to-day accepts my advice t5d]$ to him 9 all pray]fulness & 9 all humility & says 'long live non-co-op]ation4' ,please rememb] t ev5 9 ,engl& ! little *ildr5 7 )drawn f ! s*ools2 & colleges 9 ,cambridge & ,ox=d 7 clos$4 ,lawy]s _h left _! desks & 7 fight+ 9 ! tr5*es4 ,i d n pres5t to y ! tr5*es b ,i d ask y to g ?r\gh ! sacrifice t ! m51 wom5 & ! brave lads ( ,engl& w5t ?r\gh4 ,rememb] t y are (f]+ battle to a nation :i* is saturat$ ) _! _s ( sacrifice :5ev] ! occasion arises4 ,rememb] t ! little b& ( ,bo]s (f]$ /ubborn resi/ance to a mighty nation4 ,b _! lawy]s _h left _! desks4 ,_! mo!rs _h )drawn _! *ildr5 f ! s*ools & colleges & ! *ildr5 _h become ! volunte]s ( ! nation1 ,i h se5 !m ) ^! nak$ eyes ( m9e4 ,i am ask+ my c\ntrym5 9 ,india to foll[ no o!r gospel ?an ! gospel ( self-sacrifice :i* prec$es e battle4 ,:e!r y belong to ! s*ool ( viol5ce or non-viol5ce y w /ill h to g ?r\gh ! fire ( sacrifice1 & ( discipl9e4 ,may ,god grant y1 may ,god grant our lead]s ! wisdom1 ! c\rage & ! true k to lead ! nation to its *]i%$ goal4 ,may ,god grant ! p ( ,india ! "r pa?1 ! true vision & ! ability & ! c\rage to foll[ ?is pa?1 difficult & yet easy1 ( sacrifice4 ,,spee* ,,at ,,tri*9opoly ,mahatma ,g&hi made ! foll[+ spee* at ,tri*9opoly on ! #ah? ,augu/ #aibj3-- ,i ?9k y on behalf ( my bro!r ,%aukat ,ali & myself = ! magnific5t reception t ! citiz5s ( ,tri*9opoly h giv5 to u4 ,i ?ank y also = ! _m addresses t y h be5 good en\gh to pres5t to u1 b ,i mu/ come to bus9ess4 ,x is a great pleasure to me to r5ew y\r acqua9tance = reasons t ,i ne$ n give y4 ,i expect great ?+s f ,tri*9opoly1 ,madura & a few places ,i c\ld "n4 ,i take x t y h read my address on ! ,madras ,bea* on non-co-op]ation4 ,)\t tak+ up y\r "t 9 ?is great assembly1 ,i wi% to deal ) "o or two matt]s t arise out ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,ka/uriranga ,iyong>'s spee*4 ,he says 9 effect t ,i %\ld h wait$ = ! ,congress m&ate on ,non-co-op]ation4 ,t 0 impossible1 because ! ,mussulmans _h & /ill h a duty1 irrespective ( ! ,h9dus1 to p]=m 9 ref]5ce to _! own religion4 ,x 0 impossible = !m to wait = any m&ate save ! m&ate ( _! own religion 9 a matt] t vitally conc]n$ ! hon\r ( ,islam4 ,x is !re=e possible = !m only to g to ! ,congress on b5d$ knees ) a cle> cut programme ( _! own & ask ! ,congress to pron\nce its bless+s ^u t programme & if !y are n s =tunate z to secure ! bless+s ( ! ,national ,assembly )\t mean+ any disrespect to t assembly1 x is _! b\nd5 duty to g on ) _! programme1 & s x is ! duty ( e ,h9du :o consid]s 8 ,mussalman bro!r z a bro!r :o has a j cause :i* he wi%es to v9dicate1 to ?r[ 9 8 lot ) 8 ,mussalman bro!r4 ,our lead] does n qu>rel ) ! pr9ciple ( non-co-op]ation by itself1 b he objects to ! ?ree pr9cipal details ( non-co-op]ation4 ,,c\ncil ,,elections ,he consid]s t x is our duty to seek election to ! ,c\ncils & fight our battle on ! floor ( ! ,c\ncil hall4 ,i d n d5y ! possibility ( a fight & a royal fight on ! ,c\ncil floor4 ,we h done x = ! la/ #ce ye>s1 b ,i v5ture to sugge/ to y & to him1 ) all due respect1 t x is n non-co-op]ation & x is n half z successful z non-co-op]ation c be4 ,y _c g to a class ( p ) a view to conv9ce !m by any fight--call x ev5 ob/ruction--:o h got a settl$ conviction & a settl$ policy to foll[4 ,x is 9 m$ical language an incompatible mixture out ( :i* y c ga9 no?+1 b if y totally boycott ! ,c\ncil1 y create a public op9ion 9 ! c\ntry ) ref]5ce to ! ,khilafat wrong & ! ,punjab wrong :i* w become totally irresi/ible4 ,! fir/ advantage ( go+ to ! ,c\ncils mu/ be good-w on ! "p ( ! rul]s4 ,x is absolutely lack+4 ,9 ! place ( good-w y h got no?+ b inju/ice b ,i mu/ move on4 ,,lawy]s' ,,practice ,i come n[ to ! second objection ( ,mr4 ,ka/uriranga ,iy5g> ) ref]5ce to ! susp5sion by lawy]s ( _! practice4 ,milk is good 9 itself b x comes absolutely poison\s imm$iately a little bit ( ars5ic is add$ to x4 ,law c\rts are simil>ly good :5 ju/ice is di/ill$ ?r\gh !m on behalf ( a ,sov]eign p[] :i* wants to d ju/ice to its p4 ,law c\rts are "o ( ! greate/ symbols ( p[] & 9 ! battle ( non-co-op]ation1 y may n leave law c\rts unt\*$ & claim to (f] non-co-op]ation1 b if y w read t objection c>efully1 y w f9d 9 t objection ! great fe> t ! lawy]s w n respond to ! call t ! c\ntry makes ^u !m1 & x is j !re t ! beauty ( non-co-op]ation comes 94 ,if "o lawy] alone susp5ds practice1 x is s mu* to ! good ( ! c\ntry & s if we are sure to deprive ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! p[] t x possess ?r\gh its law c\rts1 :e!r "o lawy] takes x up or _m1 we mu/ adopt t /ep4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,s*ools ,he objects also to ! plan ( boycott+ ,gov]nm5t s*ools4 ,i c only say :at ,i h said ) ref]5ce to lawy]s t if we mean non-co-op]ation1 we may n receive any fav\rs f ! ,gov]nm5t1 no matt] h[ advantage\s by !mselves !y may be4 ,9 a great /ruggle l ?is1 x is n op5 to u to c\nt h[ _m s*ools w respond & h[ _m p>5ts w respond & j z a geometrical problem is difficult1 because x does n admit ( easy pro(1 s also because a c]ta9 /age 9 national evolution is difficult1 y may n avoid t /ep )\t mak+ ! :ole ( ! evolution a f>ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h _h a great lesson 9 non-co-op]ation & co-op]ation4 ,we _h a lesson 9 non-co-op]ation :5 "s "y m5 began to fight !re & x is a dang]\s weapon4 ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt ab\t x4 ,"o man ) a det]m9$ w to non-co-op]ate c di/urb a :ole meet+ & we _h a physical demon/ration ( x to night b ours is non-viol5t1 non-co-op]ation 9 :i* !re c be no mi/ake :atsoev] 9 ! fundam5tal conditions are obs]v$4 ,if non-co-op]ation fails1 x w n be = want ( any inh]5t /r5g? 9 x1 b x w fall because !re is no response to x1 or because p h n suffici5tly grasp$ its simple pr9ciples4 ,y _h also a practical demon/ration ( co-op]ation j n[2 t heavy *air w5t ov] ! heads ( s _m p1 because all want$ to lift _! little h& to move t *air away f !m & s 0 t heavi] dome also remov$ f our sight by co-op]ation ( man1 woman & *ild4 ,ev]ybody believes & kn[s t ?is ,gov]nm5t ( our exi/s only by ! co-op]ation ( ! p & n by ! =ce ( arms x c wield & ev]yman ) a s5se ( logic w tell y t ! conv]se ( t also is equally true t ,gov]nm5t _c /& if ?is co-op]ation on :i* x exi/s is )drawn4 ,difficulties und\bt$ly !re are1 we h hi!rto le>n$ h[ to sacrifice our voice & make spee*es4 ,we mu/ also le>n to sacrifice ease1 money1 com=t & t1 we may le>n =m ! ,engli%m5 !mselves4 ,e "o :o has /udi$ ,engli% hi/ory kn[s t we are n[ engag$ 9 a battle ) a nation :i* is capable ( great sacrifice & ! ?ree hundr$ millions ( ,india _c make _! m>k ^u ! _w1 or ga9 _! self-respect )\t an adequate measure ( sacrifice4 ,,boycott ,,( ,,briti% ,,goods ,our fri5d has sugge/$ ! boycott ( ,briti% or =eign goods4 ,boycott ( all =eign goods is ano!r "n = ,swade%i4 ,he ?9ks t !re w be a great] response 9 ! boycott ( all =eign goods4 ,) ! exp]i5ce ( ye>s beh9d me & ) an intimate k ( ! m]cantile classes1 ,i v5ture to tell y t boycott ( =eign goods1 or boycott ( m]ely ,briti% goods is m impracticable ?an any ( ! /ops ,i h sugge/$4 ,:]eas 9 all ! /eps t ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/ !re is practically no sacrifice ( money involv$1 9 ! boycott ( ,briti% or =eign goods y are invit+ y\r m]*ant pr9ces to sacrifice _! millions4 ,x has got to be done1 b x is an exce$+ly l[ process4 ,! same may be said ( ! /eps t ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/1 ,i "k1 b boycott ( goods 9 conceiv$ z a puni%m5t & ! puni%m5t is only effective :5 x is inflict$4 ,:at ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/ is n a puni%m5t1 b ! p]=mance ( a sacr$ duty1 a measure ( self-d5ial f ourselves1 & !re=e x is effective f its v inception :5 x is und]tak5 ev5 by "o man & a sub/antial duty p]=m$ ev5 by "o s+le man lays ! f\ndation ( nations lib]ty4 ,,conclusion ,i am mo/ anxi\s = my nation1 = my ,mussalman bre?r5 also1 to und]/& t if !y want to v9dicate national hon\r or ! hon\r ( ,islam1 x w be v9dicat$ )\t a %ad[ ( d\bt1 n be conceiv+ a puni%m5t or a s]ies ( puni%m5ts1 b by an adequate measure ( self-sacrifice4 ,i wi% to speak ( all our lead]s 9 t]ms ( ! greate/ respect1 b :atev] respect we wi% to pay !m may n /op or arre/ ! progress ( ! c\ntry1 & ,i am mo/ anxi\s t ! c\ntry at ?is v critical p]iod ( its hi/ory %\ld make its *oice4 ,! *oice cle>ly does n lie be=e y & me 9 wre/+ by =ce ( arms ! sceptre =m ! ,briti% nation1 b ! *oice lies 9 suff]+ ?is d\ble wrong ( ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab1 9 pocket+ humiliation & 9 accept+ national emasculation or v9dication ( ,india's hon\r by sacrifice to-day by e man1 woman & *ild & ^? :o feel conv9c$ ( ! rightness ( ?+s1 we %\ld make t *oice to-night4 ,s1 citiz5s ( ,tri*9opoly1 y may n wait = ! :ole ( ,india b y c en=ce ! fir/ /ep ( non-co-op]ation & beg9 y\r op]ations ev5 f to-morr[1 if y h n done s already4 ,y c surr5d] all y\r titles to-morr[ all ! lawy]s may surr5d] _! practice to-morr[2 ^? :o _c su/a9 body & s\l by any o!r means c be easily support$ by ! ,khilafat ,committee1 if !y w give _! :ole "t & att5tion to ! "w ( t ,committee & if ! lay]s w k9dly d t1 y w f9d t !re is no difficulty 9 settl+ y\r disputes by private arbitration4 ,y c nationalise y\r s*ools f to-morr[ if y h got ! w & ! det]m9ation4 ,x is difficult1 ,i "k1 :5 only a few ( y ?9k ^! ?+s4 ,x is z easy z we are sitt+ "h :5 ! :ole ( ?is va/ audi5ce is ( "o m9d & z x 0 easy = y to c>ry t *air s is x easy = y to en=ce ?is programme f to-morr[ if y h "o w1 "o det]m9ation & love = y\r c\ntry1 love = ! hon\r ( y\r c\ntry & religion4 7,l\d & prolong$ *e]s47 ,,spee* ,,at ,,calicut ,mr4 ,*airman & fri5ds4--,on behalf ( my bro!r ,%aukut ,ali & myself ,i wi% to ?ank y mo/ s9c]ely = ! w>m welcome y h ext5d$ to u4 ,be=e ,i beg9 to expla9 ! purpose ( our mission ,i h to give y ! in=mation t ,pir ,mahboob ,%ah :o 0 be+ tri$ 9 ,s9dh = s$ition has be5 s5t5c$ to two ye>s' simple imprisonm5t4 ,i d n "k exactly :at ! (f5ce 0 ) :i* ! ,pir 0 *>g$4 ,i d n "k :e!r ! words attribut$ to him 7 ev] spok5 by him4 ,b ,i d "k t ! ,pirsaheb decl9$ to (f] any def5ce & ) p]fect resignation he has accept$ 8 p5alty4 ,= me x is a matt] ( s9c]e pleasure t ! ,pirsaheb :o ex]cises great influ5ce ov] 8 foll[]s has und]/ood ! _s ( ! /ruggle ^u :i* we h emb>k$4 ,x is n by resi/+ ! au?ority ( ,gov]nm5t t we expect to succe$ 9 ! great task be=e u4 ,b ,i d expect t we %all succe$ if we und]/& ! _s ( non-co-op]ation4 ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ( ,burma himself has told u t ! ,briti% reta9 _! hold on ,india n by ! =ce ( arms b by ! =ce ( co-op]ation ( ! p4 ,?us he has giv5 u ! rem$y = any wrong t ! ,gov]nm5t may d to ! p1 :e!r kn[+ly or unkn[+ly4 ,& s long z we co-op]ate ) ! ,gov]nm5t1 s long z we support t ,gov]nm5t1 we become to t ext5t %>]s 9 ! wrong4 ,i admit t 9 ord9>y circum/ances a wise subject w tol]ate ! wrongs ( a ,gov]nm5t1 b a wise subject nev] tol]ates a wrong t a ,gov]nm5t imposes on ! decl>$ w ( a p4 ,& ,i v5ture to submit to ?is great meet+ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india & ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t h done a d\ble wrong to ,india1 & if we are a nation ( self-respect+ p consci\s ( its dignity1 consci\s ( its "r1 x is n j & prop] t we %\ld /& ! d\ble humiliation t ! ,gov]nm5t has heap$ ^u u4 ,by %ap+ & by becom+ a pr$om9ant p>tn] 9 ! peace t]ms impos$ on ! helpless ,sultan ( ,turkey1 ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t h int5tionally fl\t$ ! *]i%$ s5tim5t ( ! ,mussalman subjects ( ! ,empire4 ,! pres5t ,prime ,m9i/] gave a delib]ate pl$ge aft] consultation ) 8 colleagues :5 x 0 necess>y = him to conciliate ! ,mussalmans ( ,india4 ,i claim to h /udi$ ?is ,khilafat "q 9 a special mann]4 ,i claim to und]/& ! ,mussalman feel+ on ! ,khilafat "q & ,i am "h to decl>e = ! t5? "t t on ! ,khilafat matt] ! ,gov]nm5t has w\nd$ ! ,mussalman s5tim5t z !y _h nev] done be=e4 ,& ,i say )\t fe> ( contradiction t if ! ,mussalmans ( ,india _h n ex]cis$ great self-re/ra9t & if !re 0 n ! gospel ( non-co-op]ation prea*$ to !m & if !y _h n accept$ x1 !re w\ld h be5 blood%$ 9 ,india by ?is "t4 ,i am free to confess t spill+ ( blood w\ld n h avail$ _! cause4 ,b a man :o is 9 a /ate ( rage ^: he>t has become lac]at$ does n c\nt ! co/ ( 8 action4 ,s mu* = ! ,khilafat wrong4 ,i propose to take y = a m9ute to ! ,punjab1 ! nor!rn end ( ,india4 ,& :at h bo? ,gov]nm5ts done = ! ,punjab8 ,i am free to confess aga9 t ! cr[ds 9 ,amrits> w5t mad = a mom5t4 ,!y 7 goad$ to madness by a wick$ adm9i/ration4 ,b no madness on ! "p ( a p c ju/ify ! %$d+ ( innoc5t blood1 & :at h !y paid = x8 ,i v5ture to submit t no civilis$ ,gov]nm5t c\ld ev] h made ! p pay ! p5alty & retribution t !y h paid4 ,innoc5t m5 7 tri$ ?r\gh mock-tribunals & imprison$ = life4 ,amne/y grant$ to !m aft]2 ,i c\nt ( no consequ5ce4 ,innoc5t1 un>m$ m51 :o knew no?+ ( :at 0 to happ51 7 but*]$ 9 cold blood )\t ! slighte/ notice4 ,mode/y ( wom5 9 ,manianwalla1 wom5 :o _h done no wrong to any individual1 0 outrag$ by insol5t (fic]s4 ,i want y to und]/& :at ,i mean by outrage ( _! mode/y4 ,_! veils 7 op5$ ) 8 /ick by an (fic]4 ,m5 :o 7 decl>$ to be utt]ly innoc5t by ! ,hunt] ,committee 7 made to crawl on _! bellies4 ,& all ^! wrongs totally undes]v$ rema9 unav5g$4 ,if x 0 ! duty ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to puni% ^? :o 7 guilty ( inc5di>ism & murd]1 z ,i hold x 0 _! duty1 x 0 d\bly _! duty to puni% (fic]s :o insult$ & oppress$ innoc5t p4 ,b 9 ! face ( ^! (ficial wrongs we h ! debate 9 ! h\se ( lords support+ (ficial t]rorism1 x is ?is d\ble wrong1 ! affront to ,islam & ! injury to ! manhood ( ! ,punjab1 t we feel b\nd to wipe out by non-co-op]ation4 ,we h pray$1 petition$1 agitat$1 we h pass$ resolutions4 ,mr4 ,mahom$ ,ali support$ by 8 fri5ds is n[ wait+ on ! ,briti% public4 ,he has plead$ ! cause ( ,islam 9 a mo/ manful mann]1 b 8 plead+ has fall5 on deaf e>s & we h 8 ^w = x t :il/ ,france & ,italy h %[n great sympa?y = ! cause ( ,islam1 x is ! ,briti% ,m9i/]s :o h %[n no sympa?y4 ,?is %[s :i* way ! ,briti% ,m9i/]s & ! pres5t hold]s ( (fice 9 ,india mean to deal by ! p4 ,!re is no goodwill1 !re is no desire to placate ! p ( ,india4 ,! p ( ,india mu/ !re=e h a rem$y to r$ress ! d\ble wrong4 ,! me?od ( ! we/ is viol5ce4 ,:]ev] ! p ( ! we/ h felt a wrong ei!r ju/ly or unju/ly1 !y h rebell$ & %$ blood4 ,z ,i h said 9 my lett] to ! ,vic]oy ( ,india1 half ( ,india does n believe 9 ! rem$y ( viol5ce4 ,! o!r half is too weak to (f] x4 ,b ! :ole ( ,india is deeply hurt & /irr$ by ?is wrong1 & x is = t reason t ,i h sugge/$ to ! p ( ,india ! rem$y ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i consid] x p]fectly h>mless1 absolutely con/itutional & yet p]fectly efficaci\s4 ,x is a rem$y 9 :i*1 if x is prop]ly adopt$1 victory is c]ta91 & x is ! age-old rem$y ( self-sacrifice4 ,are ! ,mussalmans ( ,india :o feel ! great wrong done to ,islam ready to make an adequate self-sacrifice8 ,all ! scriptures ( ! _w tea* u t !re c be no compromise betwe5 ju/ice & inju/ice4 ,co-op]ation on ! "p ( a ju/ice-lov+ man ) an unju/ man is a crime4 ,& if we desire to compel ?is great ,gov]nm5t to ! w ( ! p1 z we mu/1 we mu/ adopt ?is great rem$y ( non-co-op]ation4 ,& if ! ,mussalmans ( ,india (f] non-co-op]ation to ,gov]nm5t 9 ord] to secure ju/ice 9 ! ,khilafat matt]1 ,i believe x is duty ( ! ,h9dus to help !m s long z _! moans are j4 ,i consid] ! et]nal fri5d%ip betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ,mussalmans is m important ?an ! ,briti% connection4 ,i w\ld pref] any day an>*y & *aos 9 ,india to an arm$ peace br\ght ab\t by ! bayonet betwe5 ! ,h9dus & ,mussalmans4 ,i h !re=e v5tur$ to sugge/ to my ,h9du bre?r5 t if !y want$ to live at peace ) ,mussalmans1 !re is an opportunity :i* is n go+ to recur = ! next hundr$ ye>s4 ,& ,i v5ture to assure y t if ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india & ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t come to "k t !re is a det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! p to r$ress ?is d\ble wrong !y w\ld n hesitate to d :at is ne$$4 ,b 9 ! ,mussalmans ( ,india w h to take ! lead 9 ! matt]4 ,y w h to comm5ce ! fir/ /age ( non-co-op]ation 9 "r e>ne/4 ,& if y may n help ?is ,gov]nm5t1 y may n receive help f x4 ,titles :i* 7 ! o!r day titles ( hon\r are to-day 9 my op9ion badges ( our disgrace4 ,we mu/ !re=e surr5d] all titles ( hon\r1 all honor>y (fices4 ,x w con/itute an emphatic demon/ration ( ! disapproval by ! lead]s ( ! p ( ! acts ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,lawy]s mu/ susp5d _! practice & mu/ resi/ ! p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t :i* has *os5 to fl\t public op9ion4 ,nor may we receive in/ruction f s*ools controll$ by ,gov]nm5t & aid$ by x4 ,empty+ ( ! s*ools w con/itute a demon/ration ( ! w ( ! middle class ( ,india4 ,x is f> bett] = ! nation ev5 to neglect ! lit]>y in/ruction ( ! *ildr5 ?an to co-op]ate ) a ,gov]nm5t t has /riv5 to ma9ta9 an inju/ice & untru? on ! ,khilafat & ,punjab matt]s4 ,simil>ly h ,i v5tur$ to sugge/ a complete boycott ( re=m$ c\ncils4 ,t w be an emphatic decl>ation ( ! "p ( ! repres5tatives ( ! p t !y d n desire to associate ) ! ,gov]nm5t s long z ! two wrongs cont9ue4 ,we mu/ equally decl9e to (f] ourselves z recruits = ! police or ! milit>y4 ,x is impossible = u to g to ,mesopotamia or to (f] to police t c\ntry or to (f] milit>y assi/ance & to help ! ,gov]nm5t 9 t blood guilt9ess4 ,! la/ plank 9 ! fir/ /age is ,swade%i4 ,swade%i is int5d$ n s mu* to br+ pressure ^u ! ,gov]nm5t z to demon/rate ! capacity = sacrifice on ! "p ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ,india4 ,:5 "o-f\r? ( ,india has its religion at /ake & :5 ! :ole ( ,india has its hon\r at /ake1 we c be 9 no mood to b$eck ourselves ) ,fr5* calico or silks f ,japan4 ,we mu/ resolve to be satisfi$ ) clo? wov5 by ! humble weav]s ( ,india 9 _! own cottages out ( y>n spun by _! si/]s 9 _! own homes4 ,:5 a hundr$ ye>s ago our ta/es 7 n debas$ & we 7 n lur$ by all ! f9]ies f ! =eign c\ntries1 we 7 satisfi$ ) ! clo? produc$ by ! m5 & wom5 9 ,india1 & if ,i c\ld b 9 a mom5t revolutionize ! ta/es ( ,india & make x return to its orig9al simplicity1 ,i assure y t ! ,gods w\ld desc5t to rejoice at ! great act ( r5unciation4 ,t is ! fir/ /age 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,i hope x is z easy = y z x is easy = me to see t if ,india is capable ( tak+ ! fir/ /ep 9 any?+ l a full measure t /ep w br+ ! r$ress we want4 ,i !re=e d n int5d to take y to ! o!r /ages ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i w\ld l y to rivet y\r att5tion ^u ! plans 9 ! fir/ /age4 ,y w h notic$ t b two ?+s are necess>y 9 go+ ?r\gh ! fir/ /age3 7#a7 ,prefect _s ( non-viol5ce is indisp5sable = non-co-op]ation1 7#b7 only a little self-sacrifice1 ,i pray to ,god t ,he w give ! p ( ,india suffici5t c\rage & wisdom & pati5ce to g ?r\gh ?is exp]im5t ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i ?9k y = ! great reception t y h giv5 u4 ,& ,i also ?ank y = ! great pati5ce & exempl>y sil5ce ) :i* y h li/5$ to my rem>ks4 ,augu/ #aibj4 ,,spee* ,,at ,,mangalore ,mr4 ,*airman & fri5ds1--,to my bro!r ,%aukat ,ali & me x 0 a pleasure to g ?r\gh ?is beautiful g>d5 ( ,india4 ,! great reception t y gave u ?is aft]noon1 & ?is great assembly are mo/ welcome to u1 if !y are a demon/ration ( y\r sympa?y ) ! cause :i* y h ! hon\r to repres5t4 ,i assure y t we h n und]tak5 ?is incessant travell+ 9 ord] to h receptions & addresses1 no matt] h[ cordial !y may be4 ,b we h und]tak5 ?is travell+ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ?is de> ,mo!rl& to place be=e y ! position t faces u to-day4 ,x is our privilege1 z x is our duty1 to place t position be=e ! c\ntry & let h] make ! *oice4 ,?r\gh\t our t\r we h receiv$ _m addresses1 b 9 my humble op9ion no address 0 m truly word$ ?an ! address t 0 pres5t$ to u at ,kas>god4 ,x address$ bo? ( u z 'de> rev]$ bro!rs4' ,i am unable to accept ! second adjective 'rev]$4' ,! ^w 'de>' is de> to me ,i mu/ confess4 ,b de>] ?an t is ! expression 'bro!rs4' ,! signatories to t address recogniz$ ! true significance ( ?is travel4 ,no blood bro!rs c possibly be m intimately relat$1 c possibly be m unit$ 9 "o purpose1 "o aim ?an my bro!r ,%aukat ,ali & ,i4 ,& ,i consid]$ x a pr\d privilege & hon\r to be address$ z blood bro!r to ,%aukat ,ali4 ,! cont5ts ( t address 7 z equally significant4 ,x /at$ t 9 our unit$ "w 0 repres5t$ ! ess5ce ( ! unity betwe5 ! ,mussalmans & ,h9dus 9 ,india4 ,if we two _c repres5t t v desirable unity1 if we two _c cem5t ! relation betwe5 ! two communities1 ,i d n "k :o c4 ,!n )\t any rhetoric & )\t any fl[]y language ! address w5t on to describe ! inw>dness ( ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat /ruggle2 & !n 9 simple & beautiful language x describ$ ! spiritual significance ( ,satyagrah & ,non-co-op]ation4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a frank & simple promise4 ,al?\gh ! signatories to ! address realis$ ! mom5t\s nature ( ! /ruggle on :i* we h emb>k$1 & al?\gh !y sympa?ise ) ! /ruggle ) _! :ole he>t1 !y w\nd up by say+ t ev5 if !y c\ld n foll[ non-co-op]ation 9 all its details1 !y w\ld d z mu* z !y c\ld to help ! /ruggle4 ,& la/ly1 9 eloqu5t1 & true language1 !y said 'if we _c rise equal to ! occasion x w n be due to want ( ef=t b to want ( ability4' ,i c desire no bett] address1 no bett] promise1 & if y1 ! citiz5s ( ,mangalore1 c come up to ! level ( ! signatories1 & give u j ! assurance t y consid] ! /ruggle to be "r & t x comm&s y\r entire approval1 ,i am c]ta9 y w make all sacrifice t lies 9 y\r p[]4 ,= we are face to face ) a p]il great] ?an plagues1 great] ?an influ5za1 great] ?an e>?quakes & mighty floods1 :i* sometimes ov]:elm ?is l&4 ,^! physical calamities c rob u ( s _m ,indian bodies4 ,b ! calamity t has at ! pres5t mom5t ov]tak5 ,india t\*es ! religi\s hon\r ( a f\r? ( h] *ildr5 & ! self-respect ( ! :ole nation4 ,! ,khilafat wrong affects ! ,mussalmans ( ,india1 & ! ,punjab calamity v ne>ly ov]:elms ! manhood ( ,india4 ,%all we 9 ! face ( ?is dang] be weak or rise to our full height4 ,! rem$y = bo? ! wrongs is ! spiritual solv5t ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i call x a spiritual weapon1 because x dem&s discipl9e & sacrifice f u4 ,x dem&s sacrifice f e individual irrespective ( ! re/4 ,& ! promise t is beh9d ?is p]=mance ( duty1 ! promise giv5 by e religion t ,i h /udi$ is sure & c]ta94 ,x is t !re is no spotless sacrifice t has be5 yet (f]$ on e>?1 :i* has n c>ri$ ) x its absolute adequate rew>d4 ,x is a spiritual weapon1 because x waits = no m&ate f anybody except "o's own consci5ce4 ,x is a spiritual weapon1 because x br+s out ! be/ 9 ! nation & x absolutely satisfies individual hon\r if a s+le individual takes x1 & x w satisfy national hon\r if ! :ole nation takes x up4 ,& !re=e x is t ,i h call$ non-co-op]ation 9 opposition to ! op9ion ( _m ( my di/+ui%$ c\ntrym5 & lead]s--a weapon t is infallible & absolutely practicable4 ,x is infallible & practicable1 because x satisfies ! dem&s ( individual consci5ce4 ,god above _c1 w n expect ,maulana ,%aukat ,ali to d m ?an he has be5 do+1 = he has surr5d]$ & plac$ at ! disposal ( ,god :om he believes to be ! ,almighty rul] ( ev]yone1 he has deliv]$ all 9 ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,& we /& be=e ! citiz5s ( ,mangalore & ask !m to make _! *oice ei!r to accept ?is preci\s gift t we lay at _! feet or to reject x4 ,& aft] hav+ li/5$ to my message if y come to ! come to ! conclusion t y h no o!r rem$y ?an non-co-op]ation = ! cons]vation ( ,islam & ! hon\r ( ,india1 y w accept t rem$y4 ,i ask y n to be confus$ by s _m bewild]+ issues t are plac$ be=e y1 nor to be %ak5 f y\r purpose because y see divid$ c\nsels among/ y\r lead]s4 ,?is is "o ( ! necess>y limitations ( any spiritual or any o!r /ruggle t has ev] be5 f\ght on ?is e>?4 ,x is because x comes s sudd5ly t x confuses ! m9d if ! he>t is n tun$ prop]ly4 ,& we w\ld be p]fect human be+s on ?is e>? if 9 all ( u 0 f\nd absolutely p]fect correspond5ce betwe5 ! m9d & ! he>t4 ,b ^? ( y :o h be5 foll[+ ! newspap] controv]sy1 w f9d t no matt] :at division ( op9ion exi/s among/ our j\rnals & lead]s !re is unanimity t ! rem$y is efficaci\s if x c be kept free f viol5ce1 & if x is adopt$ on a l>ge scale4 ,i admit ! difficulty ! virtue h[ev] lies 9 surm\nt+ x4 ,we _c possibly comb9e viol5ce ) a spiritual weapon l non-co-op]ation4 ,we d n (f] spotless sacrifice if we take ! lives ( o!rs 9 (f]+ our own4 ,absolute fre$om f viol5ce is !re=e x condition prec$5t to non-co-op]ation4 ,b ,i h fai? 9 my c\ntry to "k t :5 x has assimilat$ ! pr9ciple ( ! doctr9e ,9 ! fulle/ ext5t1 x w respond to x4 ,& 9 no case w ,india make any headway :atsoev] until %e has le>nt ! lesson ( self-sacrifice4 ,ev5 if ?is c\ntry 7 to take up ! doctr9e ( ! sword1 :i* ,god =bid1 x w h to le>n ! lesson ( self-sacrifice4 ,! second difficulty sugge/$ is ! want ( solid>ity ( ! nation4 ,i accept x too4 ,b t difficulty ,i h already answ]$ by say+ t x is a rem$y t c be tak5 up by individuals = individual & by ! nation = national satisfaction2 & !re=e ev5 if ! :ole nation does n take up non-co-op]ation1 ! individual successes1 :i* may be obta9$ by individuals tak+ up non-co-op]ation w /& to _! own cr$it z ( ! nation to :i* !y belong4 ,! fir/ /age 9 my humble op9ion is incr$ibly easy inasmu* z x does n involve any v great sacrifice4 ,if y\r ,khan bahadurs & o!r title-hold]s 7 to r5\nce _! titles ,i v5ture to submit t :il/ ! r5unciation w /& to ! cr$it & hon\r ( ! nation x w involve a little or no sacrifice4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y w n only h surr5d]$ no e>?ly ri*es b !y w h ga9$ ! applause ( ! nation4 ,let u see :at x means1 ?is fir/ /ep4 ,! able editor ( ,h9du1 ,mr4 ,ka/>iranga ,iy5g>1 & almo/ e j\rnali/ 9 ! c\ntry are agre$ t ! r5unciation ( titles is a necess>y & a desirable /ep4 ,& if ^! *os5 p ( ! ,gov]nm5t 7 )\t exception to surr5d] _! titles to ,gov]nm5t giv+ notice t ! he>t ( ,india is d\bly w\nd$ 9 t ! hon\r ( ,india & ( muslim religion is at /ake & t !re=e !y c no long] reta9 _! titles1 ,i v5ture to sugge/1 t ?is _! /ep :i* co/s n a s+le p5ny ei!r to !m or to ! nation w be an effective demon/ration ( ! national w4 ,take ! second /ep or ! second item ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i "k !re is /rong opposition to ! boycott ( c\ncils4 ,! opposition :5 y beg9 to analyse x means n t ! /ep is faulty or t x is n likely to succe$1 b x is due to ! belief t ! :ole c\ntry w n respond to x & t ! ,mod]ates w /eal into ! c\ncils4 ,i ask ! citiz5s ( ,mangalore to dispel t fe> f y\r he>ts4 ,unit$ ! vot]s ( ,mangalore c make x impossible = ei!r a mod]ate or an extremi/ or any o!r =m ( lead] to ent] ! c\ncils z y\r repres5tative4 ,?is /ep involves no sacrifice ( money1 no sacrifice ( hon\r b ! ga9+ ( pre/ige = ! :ole nation4 ,& ,i v5ture to sugge/ to y t ?is "o /ep alone if x is tak5 ) any degree ( unanimity ev5 by ! extremi/s c br+ ab\t ! desir$ relief1 b if all d n respond ! individual ne$ n be afraid4 ,he at lea/ w h laid ! f\ndation = true self progress1 let him h ! com=t t he at lea/ has wa%$ 8 h&s clean ( ! guilt ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,!n ,i come to ! memb]s ( ! pr(ession :i* "o "t ,i us$ to c>ry on4 ,i h v5tur$ to ask ! lawy]s ( ,india to susp5d _! practice & )draw _! support f a ,gov]nm5t :i* no long] /&s = ju/ice1 pure & unadult]at$1 = ! nation4 ,& ! /ep is good = ! individual lawy] :o takes x & is good = ! nation if all ! lawy]s take x4 ,& s = ! ,gov]nm5t & ! ,gov]nm5t aid$ s*ools1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i _c reconcile my consci5ce to my *ildr5 go+ to ,gov]nm5t s*ools & to ! programme ( non-co-op]ation is int5d$ to )draw all support f ,gov]nm5t1 & to decl9e all help f x4 ,i w n tax y\r pati5ce by tak+ y ?r\gh ! o!r items ( non-co-op]ation important z !y are4 ,b ,i h v5tur$ to place be=e y f\r v important & =cible /eps any "o ( :i* if fully tak5 up conta9s 9 x possibilities ( success4 ,swade%i is prea*$ z an item ( non-co-op]ation1 z a demon/ration ( ! _s ( sacrifice1 & x is an item :i* e man1 woman & *ild c take up4 ,augu/ #aibj4 ,,spee* ,,at ,,bezwada ,z ,i said ?is morn+ "o ess5tial condition = ! progress ( ,india is ,h9du-,muslim ,unity4 ,i und]/& t !re 0 a little bit ( bick]+ betwe5 ,h9dus & ,mussalmans to-day 9 ,bezwada4 ,my bro!r ,maulana ,%aukat ,ali adju/$ ! dispute betwe5 ! two communities & he illu/rat$ 9 8 own p]son ! entire efficacy ( "o item 9 ! fir/ /age ( ,non-co-op]ation4 ,he sat )\t any vakils appe>+ be=e him = ei!r p>ties to arbitrate on ! dispute betwe5 !m4 ,he requir$ no po/ponem5t = ! consid]ation ( ! "q f "t to "t4 ,8 fees consi/$ 9 a brok5 lead p5cil4 ,t is :at we %\ld d1 if all ! lawy]s susp5d$ practice & set up arbitration = ! settlem5t ( private disputes4 ,b :y 0 !re any qu>rel at all8 ,x is laughable 9 ! extreme :5 y come to ?9k ( x4 ,because ! ,h9dus seem to h play$ music :il/ pass+ ! mosque4 ,i ?9k x 0 improp] = !m to d s4 ,h9du ,moslem ,unity does n mean t ,h9dus %\ld cease to respect ! prejudices & s5tim5ts *]i%$ by ,mussalmans4 ,& z ?is "q ( music has giv5 rise to _m a qu>rel betwe5 ! two communities x behoves ! ,h9dus1 if !y want to cultivate true ,h9du-,moslem ,unity1 to refra9 f acts :i* !y "k injure ! s5tim5ts ( _! ,mussalman bre?r54 ,we may n take undue advantage ( ! great _s ( tol]ation t is develop+ 9 ,mussalmans & d ?+s likely to irritate !m4 ,x is nev] a matt] ( pr9ciple = a ,h9du procession to cont9ue play+ music be=e mosques4 ,& n[ t we desire volunt>ily to respect ,mussalman s5tim5t1 we %\ld be d\bly c>eful at a "t :5 ,h9dus are (f]+ assi/ance to ,mussalmans 9 _! tr\bles4 ,t assi/ance %\ld be giv5 9 all humility & )\t any arrogation ( rights4 ,to my ,mussalman bre?r5 ,i w\ld say t x w\ld become _! dignity to re/ra9 !mselves & n feel irritat$ :5 any ,h9du _h done any?+ to irritate _! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,b 9 any ev5t1 y h today pres5t$ to y a rem$y = ! settlem5t ( any su* issue4 ,we mu/ settle our disputes by arbitration z 0 done ?is aft]-noon4 ,y _c always get a ,m\lana ,%ankat ,ali1 ex]cis+ unrivall$ influ5ce on ! community4 ,b we c always get p en\gh 9 our own villages1 t[ns & di/ricts :o ex]cise influ5ce ov] su* villages & t[ns & comm& ! confid5ce ( bo? ! communities4 ,! (f5d$ p>ty %\ld consid] x its duty to approa* !m & n to take ! law 9 its own h&s4 ,x gives me mu* pleasure to ann\nce to y t1 ,mr4 ,kalesw> ,rao has cons5t$ to refra9 f /&+ = election to ! new ,legislative ,c\ncils4 ,y w be also pleas$ to "k t ,mr4 ,gulam ,nohiudd9 has resign$ 8 ,honor>y ,magi/rate%ip1 ,i hope t bo? ^! patriots w n consid] t !y h done _! la/ duty by _! acts ( r5unciation1 b ,i hope !y w reg>d _! acts z a prelude to acts ( great] purpose & great] en]gy & ,i hope !y w take 9 h& ! "w ( educat+ ! electorate 9 _! di/ricts reg>d+ boycott ( c\ncils4 ,i h said else:]e t nev] = ano!r c5tury w ,india be fac$ ) a conjunction ( ev5ts t faces x to-day4 ,! cl\d t has desc5d$ ^u ,islam has solidifi$ ! ,moslem _w z no?+ else c\ld h4 ,x has awak5$ ! m5 & wom5 ( ,mussulman ,india f _! deep sleep4 ,inasmu* z a s+le ,panjabi 0 made to crawl on 8 belly 9 ! fam\s /reet ( ,amits>1 ,i hold t ! :ole ( 0 made to crawl on its belly4 ,& if we want to /raight5 up ourselves f t crawl+ position & /& erect be=e ! :ole _w1 x requires1 a trem5d\s ef=t4 ,h4,e4 ! ,vic]oy 9 8 ,vic]egal pron\ncem5t at ! op5+ ( ! ,c\ncil 0 pleas$ to say t he did n desire to make any rem>ks on ! ,punjab ev5ts4 ,he treat$ !m z a clos$ *apt] & ref]r$ u to ! future v]dict ( hi/ory4 ,i v5ture to tell y ! citiz5s ( ,bezwada t ,india w h des]v$ to crawl 9 t lane if %e accepts ?is pron\ncem5t z ! f9al answ]1 & if we want to /& erect be=e ! :ole _w1 x is impossible = a s+le *ild1 man or woman 9 ,india to re/ until fulle/ rep>ation has be5 done = ! ,punjab wrong4 ,simil>ly ) ref]5ce to ! ,khilafat grievance ! ,mussalmans ( ,india 9 my humble op9ion w =feit all title to consid] !mselves ! foll[]s ( ! great ,prophet 9 ^: "n !y recite ! ,kalama1 day 9 & day out1 !y w =feit _! title if !y d n put _! %\ld]s to ! :eel & lift ?is cl\d t is hang+ on !m4 ,b we %all make a s]i\s blund]4 ,india w commit suicide1 if we d n und]/& & appreciate ! =ces t are array$ aga9/ u4 ,we h got to face a mighty ,gov]nm5t ) all its p[] rang$ aga9/ u4 ,?is compos$ ( m5 :o are able1 c\rage\s1 capable ( mak+ sacrifices4 ,x is a ,gov]nm5t :i* does n scruple to use means1 fair or f\l1 9 ord] to ga9 its end4 ,no craft is above t ,gov]nm5t4 ,x resorts to frightfulness1 t]rorism4 ,x resorts to brib]y1 9 ! %ape ( titles1 hon\r & high (fices4 ,x adm9i/]s opiates 9 ! %ape ( ,re=ms4 ,9 ess5ce !n x is an autocracy d\ble di/ill$ 9 ! guise ( democracy4 ,! greate/ gift ( a crafty cunn+ man are wor?less s long z cunn+ resides 9 8 he>t4 ,x is a ,gov]nm5t repres5t+ a civilisation :i* is purely mat]ial & godless4 ,i h giv5 to y ^! qualities ( ?is gov]nm5t 9 ord] n to excite y\r angry passions1 b 9 ord] t y may appreciate ! =ces t are mat*$ aga9/ y4 ,ang] w s]ve no purpose4 ,we %all h to meet ungodl9ess by godl9ess4 ,we %all h to meet _! untru? by tru?2 we %all h to meet _! cunn+ & _! craft by op5ness & simplicity2 we %all h to meet _! t]rorism & frightfulness by brav]y4 ,& x is an unb5d+ brav]y :i* is dem&$ ( e man1 woman & *ild4 ,we mu/ meet _! organisation by great] organis+ ability4 ,we mu/ meet _! discipl9e by grat] discipl9e1 & we mu/ meet _! sacrifices by inf9itely great] sacrifices1 & if we are 9 a position to %[ ^! qualities 9 a full measure ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt t we %all w9 ?is battle4 ,if really we h fe> ( ,god 9 u1 our pray]s w give u ! /r5g? to secure victory4 ,god has always come to ! help ( ! helpless & we ne$ n g be=e any e>?ly p[] = help4 ,y he>d ?is morn+ ( ! brav]y ( ! sword1 & ! brav]y ( suff]+4 ,= me p]sonally ,i h =ev] reject$ ! brav]y ( ! sword4 ,b1 to-day x is n my purpose to demon/rate to y ! f9al ineffectiv5ess ( ! sword4 ,b he :o runs may see t be=e ,india possesses itself a sword :i* w be m ?an a mat* = ! =ces ( ,europe1 x w he g5]ations4 ,india may resort to ! de/ruction ( life & prop]ty "h & !re b su* de/ructive cases s]ve no purpose4 ,i h !re=e pres5t$ to y a weapon call$ ! brav]y ( suff]+1 o!rwise call$ ,non-co-op]ation4 ,x is a brav]y :i* is op5 to ! weake/ among ! weak4 ,x is op5 to wom5 & *ildr54 ,! p[] ( suff]+ is ! pr]ogative ( nobody1 & if only #cjj millions ( ,indians c\ld %[ ! p[] ( suff]+ 9 ord] to r$ress a griev\s wrong done to ! nation or to its religion1 ,i make bold to say t1 ,india w nev] require to draw ! sword4 ,& unless we are able to %[ an adequate measure ( sacrifice we %all lose ?is battle4 ,no "o ne$ tell me t ,india has n got ?is p[] ( suff]+4 ,e fa!r & "m is witness to :at ,i am ab\t to say1 viz41 t e fa!r & "m h %[n 9 ! dome/ic affairs mat*less p[] ( suff]+4 ,& if we h only develop$ national consci\sness1 if we h develop$ suffici5t reg>d = our religion1 we %all h develop$ p[] ( suff]+ 9 ! national & religi\s field4 ,consid]$ 9 ^! t]ms ! fir/ /age 9 ,non-co-op]ation is ! simple/ & ! easie/ /ate4 ,if ! title-hold]s ( ,india consid] t ,india is suff]+ f a griev\s wrong bo? z reg>ds ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat is x any suff]+ on _! "p to r5\nce _! titles to-day8 ,:at is ! measure ( ! suff]+ await+ ! lawy]s :o are call$ ^u to susp5d practice :5 comp>$ to ! great b5efit :i* is 9 /ore = ! nation8 ,& if ?y p>5ts ( ,india w summon up c\rage to sacrifice secul> education1 !y w h giv5 _! *ildr5 ! real education ( a life-"t4 ,= !y w h le>nt ! value ( religion & national hon\r4 ,& ,i ask y1 ! citiz5s ( ,bezwada1 to ?9k well be=e y accept ! loaves & fi%es 9 ! =m ( ,gov]nm5t (fices set !m on "o side & set national hon\r on ! o!r & make y\r s]vice4 ,:at sacrifice is !re involv$ 9 ! individual r5\nc+ 8 c&idature = legislative c\ncils4 ,! c\ncils are a tempt+ bait4 ,all k9ds ( argum5ts are be+ advanc$ 9 fav\r ( jo9+ ! c\ncils4 ,india w sacrifice ! opportunity ( ga9+ h] lib]ty if %e t\*es !m4 ,x passes compreh5sion h[ we1 :o h kn[n ?is ,gov]nm5t1 :o h read ! ,vic]egal pron\ncem5t1 h[ we :o h kn[n _! det]m9ation n to give ju/ice 9 ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat matt]s1 c ga9 any b5efit by co-op]ation1 con/ructive or ob/ructive1 ) ?is ,gov]nm5t8 ,b ! ,nationali/s1 belong+ to a great popul> p>ty1 tell u t if !y d n conte/ ^! scats1 ! mod]ates w get 94 ,surely1 x is no?+ b an exhibition ( want ( c\rage & fai? 9 our own cause to feel t we mu/ ent] ! c\ncils le/ mod]ates %\ld get 94 ,mod]ates believe 9 ! possibility ( obta9+ ju/ice at ! h&s ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,nationali/s h on ! o!r h& fill$ ! plat=ms ) d5unciations ( ! ,gov]nm5t & its measures4 ,h[ c ! ,nationali/s ev] hope to ga9 any?+ by ent]+ ! c\ncils1 hold+ ! belief t !y d8 ,!y w bett] repres5t ! popul> w if !y wr+ ju/ice f ! ,gov]nm5t by means ( ,non-co-op]ation4 ,a calculat+ _s at ! pres5t mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,india w prove its ru94 ,i1 !re=e1 t5d] my he>ty congratulation to ^? :o h ann\nc$ _! resignations ( c&idature or honor>y (fices1 & ,i hope t _! example w prove infecti\s4 ,i h be5 told1 & ,i believe x myself f :at ,i h se51 t ! ,&hrus are a brave1 c\rage\s & spiritually-incl9$ p4 ,i v5ture !re=e to ask my ,&hra bre?r5 :e!r !y h und]/ood ! spirituality ( ?is beautiful doctr9e ( ,non-co-op]ation4 ,if !y h1 ,i hope !y w n wait = a s+le mom5t = a m&ate f ! ,congress or ! ,moslem ,league4 ,!y w und]/& t a spiritual weapon is god :e!r x is wield$ by "o or _m4 ,i1 !re=e1 invite y to g to ,calcutta ) a unit$ w & a unit$ purpose1 sanctifi$ by a _s ( sacrifice1 ) a w ( y\r own to conv]t ^? :o are /ill undecid$ ab\t ! spirituality or ! practicability ( ! weapon4 ,i ?ank y = ! att5tion & pati5ce ) :i* y h li/5$ to me4 ,i pray to ! ,almighty t ,he may give y wisdom & c\rage t are s necess>y at ! pres5t mom5t4-- ,augu/ #aibj4 ,,! ,,congress ,! l>ge/ & ! mo/ important ,congress ev] held has come & gone1 ,x 0 ! bigge/ demon/ration ev] held aga9/ ! pres5t sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,presid5t utt]$ ! :ole tru? :5 he said t x 0 a ,congress 9 :i*1 in/ead ( ! ,presid5t & ! lead]s driv+ ! p1 ! p drove him & ! latt]4 ,x 0 cle> to e "o on ! plat=m t ! p _h tak5 ! re9s 9 _! own h&s4 ,! plat=m w\ld gladly h mov$ at a sl[] pace4 ,! ,congress gave "o day to a full discussion ( ! cre$ & vot$ solidly = x ) b two diss5ti5ts aft] two nights' sleep ov] ! discussion4 ,x gave "o day to a discussion ( non-co-op]ation resolution & vot$ = x ) unp>allel$ en?usiasm4 ,x gave ! la/ day to li/5+ to ! :ole ( ! rema9+ ?irty-two ,articles ( ! ,con/itution :i* 7 read & translat$ ^w = ^w by ,maulana ,mahom$ ,ali 9 a l\d & cle> voice4 ,x %[$ t x 0 intellig5tly foll[+ ! read+ ( x1 = !re 0 diss5t :5 ,article ,eight 0 rea*$4 ,x ref]r$ to non-int]f]5ce by ! ,congress 9 ! int]nal affairs ( ! ,native ,/ates4 ,! ,congress w\ld n h pass$ ! proviso if x _h meant t x c\ld ev5 voice ! feel+s ( ! p resid+ 9 ! t]ritories rul$ by ! pr9ces4 ,happily x resolution sugge/+ ! advisability ( e/abli%+ ,responsible ,gov]nm5t 9 _! t]ritories enabl$ me to illu/rate to ! audi5ce t ! proviso did n preclude ! ,congress f v5tilat+ ! grievances & aspirations ( ! subjects ( ^! /ates1 :il/ x cle>ly prev5t$ ! ,congress f tak+ any executive action 9 connection ) !m2 z = in/ance hold+ a ho/ile demon/ration 9 ! ,native ,/ates aga9/ any action ( !irs4 ,! ,congress claims to dictate to ! ,gov]nm5t b x _c d s by ! v nature ( its con/itution 9 respect ( ! ,native ,/ates4 ,?us ! ,congress has tak5 ?ree important /eps aft] ! greate/ delib]ation4 ,x has express$ its det]m9ation 9 ! cle>e/ possible t]ms to atta9 complete null-gov]nm5t1 if possible /ill 9 association ) ! ,briti% p1 b ev5 )\t1 if necess>y4 ,x proposes to d s only by means t are hon\rable & non-viol5t4 ,x has introduc$ fundam5tal *anges 9 ! con/itution regulat+ its activities & has p]=m$ an act ( self-d5ial 9 volunt>ily re/rict+ ! numb] ( delegates to "o = e fifty ?\s& ( ! population ( ,india & has insi/$ ^u ! delegates be+ ! real repres5tatives ( ^? :o want to take any "p 9 ! political life ( ! c\ntry4 ,& ) a view to ensur+ ! repres5tation ( all political p>ties x has accept$ ! pr9ciple ( s+le transf]able vote4 ,x has reaffirm$ ! non-co-op]ation resolution ( ! ,special ,session & amplifi$ x 9 e respect4 ,x has emphasis$ ! necessity ( non-viol5ce & laid d[n t ! atta9m5t ( ,sw>aj is conditional ^u ! complete h>mony betwe5 ! compon5t p>ts ( ,india1 & has !re=e inculcat$ ,h9du-,muslim unity4 ,! ,h9du delegates h call$ ^u _! lead]s to settle disputes betwe5 ,brahm9s & non-,brahm9s & h urg$ ^u ! religi\s heads ! necessity ( gett+ rid ( ! poison ( unt\*ability4 ,! ,congress has told ! p>5ts ( s*ool-go+ *ildr51 & ! lawy]s t !y h n respond$ suffici5tly to ! call ( ! nation & & t !y mu/ make great] ef=t 9 do+ s4 ,x !re=e foll[s t ! lawy]s :o d n respond quickly to ! call = susp5sion & ! p>5ts :o p]si/ 9 keep+ _! *ildr5 9 ,gov]nm5t & aid$ in/itutions mu/ f9d !mselves dropp+ out f ! public life ( ! c\ntry4 ,! c\ntry calls ^u e man & woman 9 ,india to d _! full %>e4 ,b ( ! details ( ! non-co-op]ation resolution ,i mu/ write lat]4 ,,:o ,,is ,,disloyal8 ,mr4 ,montagu has discov]$ a new def9ition ( disloyalty4 ,he consid]s my sugge/ion to boycott ! visit ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales to be disloyal & "s newspap]s tak+ ! cue f him h call$ p]sons :o h made ! sugge/ion 'unmann]ly'4 ,!y h ev5 attribut$ to ^! 'unmann]ly' p]sons ! sugge/ion ( boycott+ ! ,pr9ce4 ,i draw a %>p & fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 boycott+ ! ,pr9ce & boycott+ any welcome arrang$ = him4 ,p]sonally ,i w\ld ext5d ! he>tie/ welcome to ,8 ,royal ,highness if he came or c\ld come )\t (ficial patronage & ! protect+ w+s ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day4 ,be+ ! heir to a con/itutional mon>*1 ! ,pr9ce's movem5ts are regulat$ & dictat$ by ! m9i/]s1 no matt] h[ mu* ! dictation may be conceal$ b5ea? diplomatically polite language4 ,9 sugge/+ ! boycott !re=e ! promot]s h sugge/$ boycott ( an insol5t bureaucracy & di%one/ m9i/]s ( 8 ,maje/y4 ,y _c h x bo? ways4 ,x is true t "u a con/itutional mon>*y1 ! royalty is above politics4 ,b y _c s5d ! ,pr9ce on a political visit = ! purpose ( mak+ political capital out ( him1 & !n compla9 t ^? :o w n play y\r game & 9 ord] to *eckmate y1 proclaim boycott ( ! ,royal visit d n "k con/itutional usage4 ,= ! ,pr9ce's visit is n = pleasure4 ,8 ,royal ,highness is to come 9 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's words1 z ! ambassador ( ! ,briti% nation1 9 o!r words1 8 own ambassador 9 ord] to issue a c]tificate ( m]it to him & possibly to give ! m9i/]s a new lease ( life4 ,! wi% is design$ to consolidate & /r5g!n a p[] t spells mis*ief = ,india4 ,ev5 u x is1 ,mr4 ,montagu has =ese51 t ! welcome w probably be excell$ by any hi!rto ext5d$ to ,royalty1 mean+ t ! p are n really & deeply affect$ & /irr$ by ! (ficial atrocities 9 ! ,punjab & ! manife/ly di%one/ brea* ( (ficial decl>ations on ! ,khilafat4 ,) ! k t ,india 0 ble$+ at he>t1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india %\ld h told ,8 ,maje/y's m9i/]s t ! mom5t 0 inopportune = s5d+ ! ,pr9ce4 ,i v5ture to submit t x is add+ insult to injury to br+ ! ,pr9ce & ?r\gh 8 visit to /eal hon\rs & fur!r pre/ige = a ,gov]nm5t t des]ves to be dismiss$ ) disgrace4 ,i claim t ,i prove my loyalty by say+ t ,india is 9 no mood1 is too deeply 9 m\rn+1 to take "p 9 & to welcome ,8 ,royal ,highness1 & t ! m9i/]s & ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t %[ _! disloyalty by mak+ ! ,pr9ce a catspaw ( _! deep political game4 ,if !y p]si/1 x is ! cle> duty ( ,india to h no?+ to d ) ! visit4 ,,crusade ,,aga9/ ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,i h mo/ c>efully read ! manife/o address$ by ,sir ,n>ayan ,*&av>k> & o!rs dissuad+ ! p f jo9+ ! non co-op]ation movem5t4 ,i _h expect$ to f9d "s solid argum5t aga9/ non-co-op]ation1 b to my great regret ,i h f\nd 9 x no?+ b di/ortion 7no d\bt unconsci\s7 ( ! great religions & hi/ory4 ,! manife/o says t 'non-co-op]ation is deprecat$ by ! religi\s t5ets & traditions ( our mo!rl&1 nay1 ( all ! religions t h sav$ & elevat$ ! human race4' ,i v5ture to submit t ! ,bhagwad ,gita is a gospel ( non-co-op]ation betwe5 =ces ( d>kness & ^? ( light4 ,if x is to be lit]ally int]pret$ ,arjun repres5t+ a j cause 0 enjo9$ to engage 9 bloody w>f>e ) ! unju/ ,kauravas4 ,tulsidas advises ! ,sant 7! good7 to %un ! ,asant 7! evil-do]s74 ,! ,z5dave/a repres5ts a p]petual dual betwe5 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 betwe5 :om !re is no compromise4 ,to say ( ! ,bible t x taboos non-co-op]ation is n to "k ,jesus1 a ,pr9ce among passive resi/]s1 :o uncompromis+ly *all5g$ ! might ( ! ,sadducees & ! ,ph>isees & = ! sake ( tru? did n hesitate to divide sons f _! p>5ts4 ,& :at did ! ,prophet ( ,islam d8 ,he non-co-op]at$ 9 ,mecca 9 a mo/ active mann] s long z 8 life 0 n 9 dang] & wip$ ! du/ ( ,mecca (f 8 feet :5 he f\nd t he & 8 foll[]s might h uselessly to p]i%1 & fl$ to ,m$9a & return$ :5 he 0 /rong en\gh to give battle to 8 oppon5ts4 ,! duty ( non-co-op]ation ) unju/ m5 & k+s is z /rictly enjo9$ by all ! religions z is ! duty ( co-op]ation ) j m5 & k+s4 ,inde$ mo/ ( ! scriptures ( ! _w seem ev5 to g beyond non-co-op]ation & pref] a viol5ce to effem9ate submission to a wrong4 ,! ,h9du religi\s tradition ( :i* ! manife/o speaks1 cle>ly proves ! duty ( non-co-op]ation4 ,prahlad dissociat$ himself f 8 fa!r1 ,me]abai f h] husb&1 ,bibhi%an f 8 brutal bro!r4 ,! manife/o speak+ ( ! secul> aspect says1 ',! hi/ory ( nations af=ds no in/ance to %[ t x 7mean+ non-co-op]ation7 has1 :5 employ$1 succe$$ & done good1' ,"o mo/ rec5t in/ance ( brilliant success ( non-co-op]ation is t ( ,g5]al ,bo?a :o boycott$ ,"l ,miln]'s re=m$ c\ncils & !reby procur$ a p]fect con/itution = 8 c\ntry4 ,! ,dukhob\rs ( ,russia (f]$ non-co-op]ation1 & a h&ful ?\gh !y 71 _! grievances s deeply mov$ ! civiliz$ _w t ,canada (f]$ !m a home :]e !y =m a prosp]\s community4 ,9 ,india in/ances c be giv5 by ! doz51 9 :i* 9 little pr9cipalities ! raiyats :5 deeply griev$ by _! *iefs h cut (f all connection ) !m & b5t !m to _! w4 ,i "k ( no in/ance 9 hi/ory :]e well-manag$ non-co-op]ation has fail$4 ,hi!rto ,i h giv5 hi/orical in/ances ( bloodless non-co-op]ation1 ,i w n insult ! intellig5ce ( ! read] by cit+ hi/orical in/ances ( non-co-op]ation comb9$ )1 viol5ce1 b ,i am free to confess t !re are on record z _m successes z failures 9 viol5t non-co-op]ation4 ,& x is because ,i "k ?is fact t ,i h plac$ be=e ! c\ntry a non-viol5t s*eme 9 :i*1 if at all work$ satisfactorily1 success is a c]ta9ty & 9 :i* non-response means no h>m4 ,= if ev5 "o man non-co-op]ates1 say1 by resign+ "s (fice1 he has ga9$1 n lo/4 ,t is its e?ical or religi\s aspect4 ,= its political result naturally x requires polym]\s support4 ,i fe> !re=e no disa/r\s result f non-co-op]ation save = an outbreak ( viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p :e!r "u provocation or o!rwise4 ,i w\ld risk viol5ce a ?\s& times ?an risk ! emasculation ( a :ole race4 ,,spee* ,,at ,,muzaff>abad ,be=e a cr[d$ meet+ ( ,mussalmans 9 ! ,muzaff>abad1 ,bombay1 held on ! #bi? ,july #aibj1 speak+ on ! imp5d+ non-co-op]ation :i* comm5c$ on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 ,mr4 ,g&hi said3 ,! "t = spee*es on non-co-op]ation 0 pa/ & ! "t = practice _h arriv$4 ,b two ?+s 7 ne$ful = complete success4 ,an environm5t free f any viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p & a _s ( self-sacrifice4 ,non-co-op]ation1 z ! speak] _h conceiv$ x1 0 an impossibility 9 an atmosph]e sur*>g$ ) ! _s ( viol5ce4 ,viol5ce 0 an exhibition ( ang] & any su* exhibition 0 dissipation ( valuable en]gy4 ,subdu+ ( "o's ang] 0 a /or+ up ( national en]gy1 :i*1 :5 set free 9 an ord]$ mann]1 w\ld produce a/\nd+ results4 ,8 conception ( non-co-op]ation did n involve rap9e1 plund]1 inc5di>ism & all ! concomitants ( mass madness4 ,8 s*eme presuppos$ ability on _! "p to control all ! =ces ( evil4 ,if1 !re=e1 any disord]l9ess 0 f\nd on ! "p ( ! p :i* !y c\ld n control1 he = "o w\ld c]ta9ly help ! ,gov]nm5t to control !m4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( disord] x w\ld be = him a *oice ( evil1 & evil ?r\gh he consid]$ ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t to be1 he w\ld n hesitate = ! "t be+ to help ! ,gov]nm5t to control disord]4 ,b he _h fai? 9 ! p4 ,he believ$ t !y knew t ! cause c\ld only be won by non-viol5t me?ods4 ,to put x at ! l[e/1 ! p _h n ! p[]1 ev5 if !y _h ! w1 to resi/ ) brute /r5g? ! unju/ ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe :o _h1 9 ! intoxication ( _! success disreg>d+ e canon ( ju/ice dealt s cruelly by ! only ,islamic ,p[] 9 ,europe4 ,9 non-co-op]ation !y _h a mat*less & p[]ful weapon4 ,x 0 a sign ( religi\s atrophy to su/a9 an unju/ ,gov]nm5t t support$ an inju/ice by resort+ to untru? & cam\flage4 ,s long !re=e z ! ,gov]nm5t did n purge itself ( ! cank] ( inju/ice & untru?1 x 0 _! duty to )draw all help f x consi/5tly ) _! ability to pres]ve ord] 9 ! social /ructure4 ,! fir/ /age ( non-co-op]ation 0 !re=e arrang$ s z to involve m9imum ( dang] to public peace & m9imum ( sacrifice on ! "p ( ^? :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! movem5t4 ,& if !y might n help an evil ,gov]nm5t nor receive any fav\rs f x1 x foll[$ t !y mu/ give up all titles ( hon\r :i* 7 no long] a pr\d possession4 ,lawy]s1 :o 7 9 reality honor>y (fic]s ( ! ,c\rt1 %\ld cease to support ,c\rts t uphold ! pre/ige ( an unju/ ,gov]nm5t & ! p mu/ be able to settle _! disputes & qu>rels by private arbitration4 ,simil>ly p>5ts %\ld )draw _! *ildr5 f ! public s*ools & !y mu/ evolve a sy/em ( national education or private education totally indep5d5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,an insol5t ,gov]nm5t consci\s ( its brute /r5g?1 might laugh at su* )drawals by ! p especially z ! ,law c\rts & s*ools 7 suppos$ to help ! p1 b he _h n a %ad[ ( d\bt t ! moral effect ( su* a /ep c\ld n possibly be lo/ ev5 ^u a ,gov]nm5t ^: consci5ce _h become /ifl$ by ! intoxication ( p[]4 ,he _h hesitation 9 accept+ ,swade%i z a plank 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,to him ,swade%i 0 z de> z life itself4 ,b he _h no desire to smuggle 9 ,swade%i ?r\gh ! ,khilafat movem5t1 if x c\ld n legitimately help t movem5t1 b conceiv$ z non-co-op]ation 01 9 a _s ( self-sacrifice1 ,swade%i _h a legitimate place 9 ! movem5t4 ,pure ,swade%i meant sacrifice ( ! lik+ = f9]ies4 ,he ask$ ! nation to sacrifice its lik+ = ! f9]ies ( ,europe & ,japan & be satisfi$ ) ! co>se b beautiful fabrics wov5 on _! h&looms out ( y>ns spun by millions ( _! si/]s4 ,if ! nation _h become really awak5$ to a s5se ( ! dang] to its religions & its self-respect1 x c\ld n b p]ceive ! absolute & imm$iate necessity ( ! adoption ( ,swade%i 9 its int5se =m & if ! p ( ,india adopt$ ,swade%i ) ! religi\s zeal he begg$ to assure !m t its adoption w\ld arm !m ) a new p[] & w\ld produce an unmi/akable impression ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,he1 !re=e1 expect$ ! ,mussalmans to give ! lead by giv+ up all ! f9]ies !y 7 s fond ( & adopt ! simple clo? t c\ld be produc$ by ! manual lab\r ( _! si/]s & bre?r5 9 _! own cottages4 ,& he hop$ t ! ,h9dus w\ld foll[ suit4 ,x 0 a sacrifice 9 :i* ! :ole nation1 e man1 woman & *ild c\ld take "p4 ,,ridicule ,,replac+ ,,repression ,_h ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,vic]oy n made x impossible by 8 defiant attitude on ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat1 ,i w\ld h t5d]$ him he>ty congratulations = sub/itut+ ridicule = repression 9 ord] to kill a movem5t di/a/eful to him4 ,=1 torn f its context & read by itself ,8 ,excell5cy's disc\rse on non-co-op]ation is unexceptionable4 ,x is a symptom ( translation f savag]y to civilization4 ,p\r+ ridicule on "o's oppon5t is an approv$ me?od 9 civilis$ politics4 ,& if ! me?od is consi/5tly cont9u$1 x w m>k an important improvem5t ^u ! (ficial b>b>ity ( ! ,punjab4 ,8 int]pretation ( ,mr4 ,montagu's /atem5t ab\t ! movem5t is also n op5 to any objection :atsoev]4 ,)\t d\bt a gov]nm5t has ! "r to use suffici5t =ce to put d[n an actual outbreak ( viol5ce4 ,b ,i regret to h to confess t ?is attempt to p\r ridicule on ! movem5t1 read 9 conjunction ) ! s5tim5ts on ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat1 prec$+ ! ridicule1 seems to %[ t ,8 ,excell5cy has made x a virtue ( necessity4 ,he has n f9ally ab&on$ ! me?od ( t]rorism & frightfulness1 b he f9ds ! movem5t be+ conduct$ 9 su* an op5 & tru?ful mann] t any attempt to kill x by viol5t repression w\ld n expose him n only to ridicule b contempt ( all "r-?9k+ m54 ,let u h[ev] exam9e ! adjectives us$ by ,8 ,excell5cy to kill ! movem5t by laugh+ at x4 ,x is 'futile1' 'ill-advis$1' 'intr9sically insane1' 'unpractical1' 'vision>y4' ,he has r\nd$ (f ! adjectives by describ+ ! movem5t z 'mo/ fooli% ( all fooli% s*emes4' ,8 ,excell5cy has become s impati5t ( x t he has us$ all 8 vocabul>y = %[+ ! magnitude ( ! ridicul\s nature ( non-co-op]ation4 ,un=tunately = ,8 ,excell5cy ! movem5t is likely to gr[ ) ridicule z x is c]ta9 to fl\ri% on repression4 ,no vital movem5t c be kill$ except by ! impati5ce1 ignorance or laz9ess ( its au?ors4 ,a movem5t _c be 'insane' t is conduct$ by m5 ( action z ,i claim ! memb]s ( ! ,non-co-op]ation ,committee are4 ,x is h>dly 'unpractical1' see+ t if ! p respond1 e "o admits t x w a*ieve ! end4 ,at ! same "t x is p]fectly true t if !re is no response f ! p1 ! movem5t w be popul>ly describ$ z 'vision>y4' ,x is = ! nation to return an effective answ] by organis$ non-co-op]ation & *ange ridicule into respect4 ,ridicule is l repression4 ,bo? give place to respect :5 !y fail to produce ! int5d$ effect4 ,,! ,,vic]egal ,,pron\ncem5t ,x may be t hav+ lo/ fai? 9 ,8 ,excell5cy's probity & capacity to hold ! high (fice ( ,vic]oy ( ,india1 ,i n[ read 8 spee*es ) a bias$ m9d1 b ! spee* ,8 ,excell5cy deliv]$ at ! "t ( op5+ ( ! c\ncil %[s to me a m5tal attitude :i* makes association ) him or 8 ,gov]nm5t impossible = self-respect+ m54 ,! rem>ks on ! ,punjab mean a flat refusal to grant r$ress4 ,he w\ld h u to 'conc5trate on ! problems ( ! imm$iate future6' ,! imm$iate future is to compel rep5tance on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t on ! ,punjab matt]4 ,( ?is !re is no sign4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,8 ,excell5cy resi/s ! temptation to reply to 8 critics1 mean+ !reby t he has n *ang$ 8 op9ion on ! _m vital matt]s affect+ ! hon\r ( ,india4 ,he is 'cont5t to leave ! issues to ! v]dict ( hi/ory4' ,n[ ?is k9d ( language1 9 my op9ion1 is calculat$ fur!r to inflame ! ,indian m9d4 ,( :at use c a fav\rable v]dict ( hi/ory be to m5 :o h be5 wrong$ & :o are /ill "u ! heels ( (fic]s :o h %[n !mselves utt]ly unfit to hold (fices ( tru/ & responsibility8 ,! plea = co-op]ation is1 to say ! lea/1 hypocritical 9 ! face ( ! det]m9ation to refuse ju/ice to ! ,punjab4 ,c a pati5t :o is suff]+ f an intol]able a*e be soo!d by ! mo/ tempt+ di%es plac$ be=e him8 ,w he n consid] x mock]y on ! "p ( ! physician :o s tempt$ him )\t cur+ him ( 8 pa98 ,8 ,excell5cy is1 if possible1 ev5 less happy on ! ,khilafat4 ,s f> z any ,gov]nm5t c\ld1 says ?is tru/ee = ! nation1 we press$ ^u ! ,peace ,conf]5ce ! views ( ,indian ,moslems4 ,b not)/&+ our ef=ts on _! behalf we are ?reat5$ ) a campaign ( non-co-op]ation because1 =soo?1 ! alli$ ,p[]s f\nd !mselves unable to accept ! cont5tions advanc$ by ,indian ,moslems4 ,?is is mo/ mislead+ if n untru?ful4 ,8 ,excell5cy kn[s t ! peace t]ms are n ! "w ( ! alli$ ,p[]s4 ,he kn[s t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george is ! prime au?or ( t]ms & t ! latt] has nev] repudiat$ 8 responsibility = !m4 ,he has ) amaz+ audacity ju/ifi$ !m 9 spite ( 8 consid]$ pl$ge to ! ,moslems ( ,india reg>d+ ,con/ant9ople1 ,?race & ! ri* & r5[n$ l&s ( ,asia m9or4 ,x is n tru?ful to saddle responsibility = ! t]ms on ! alli$ ,p[]s :5 ,great ,brita9 alone has promot$ !m4 ,! (f5ce ( ! ,vic]oy becomes great] :5 we rememb] t he admits ! ju/ness ( ! ,muslim claim4 ,he c\ld n h 'press$' x if he did n admit its ju/ice4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ,8 ,excell5cy by 8 pron\ncem5t on ! ,punjab has /r5g!n$ ! nation 9 its ef=ts to seek a rem$y to compel r$ress ( ! two wrongs be=e x c make any?+ ( ! s-call$ ,re=ms4 ,,f ,,ridicule1 ,,to--8 ,x w be admitt$ t non-co-op]ation has pass$ ! /age ridicule4 ,:e!r x w n[ be met by repression or respect rema9s to be se54 ,op9ion has already be5 express$ 9 ^! columns t ridicule is an approv$ & civiliz$ me?od ( opposition4 ,! vic]egal ridicule ?\gh express$ 9 unnecess>ily impolite t]ms 0 n op5 to exception4 ,b ! te/+ "t has n[ arriv$4 ,9 a civiliz$ c\ntry :5 ridicule fails to kill a movem5t x beg9s to comm& respect4 ,oppon5ts meet x by respectful & cog5t argum5t & ! mutual behavi\r ( rival p>ties nev] becomes viol5t4 ,ea* p>ty seeks to conv]t ! o!r or draw ! unc]ta9 elem5t t[>ds its side by pure argum5t & reason+4 ,!re is little d\bt n[ t ! boycott ( ! c\ncils w be ext5sive if x is n complete4 ,! /ud5ts h become di/urb$4 ,important in/itutions may any day become truly national4 ,p&it ,motilal ,nehru's great r5unciation ( a legal practice :i* 0 probably second to nobody's is by itself an ev5t calculat$ to *ange ridicule into respect4 ,x ought to set p ?9k+ s]i\sly ab\t _! own attitude4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ v wrong ab\t our ,gov]nm5t--to w>rant ! /ep ,pundit ,motilal ,nehru has tak54 ,po/ graduate /ud5ts h giv5 up _! fell[%ips4 ,m$ical /ud5ts h refus$ to appe> = _! f9al exam9ation4 ,non-co-op]ation 9 ^! circum/ances _c be call$ an inane movem5t4 ,ei!r ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ b5d to ! w ( ! p :i* is be+ express$ 9 no unmi/akable t]ms ?r\gh non-co-op]ation1 or x mu/ attempt to cru% ! movem5t by repression4 ,any =ce us$ by a gov]nm5t "u any circum/ance is n repression4 ,an op5 trial ( a p]son accus$ ( hav+ advocat$ me?ods ( viol5ce is n repression4 ,e ,/ate has ! "r to put d[n or prev5t viol5ce by =ce4 ,b ! trial ( ,mr4 ,zaf> ,ali ,khan & two ,m\lvis ( ,panipat %[s t ! ,gov]nm5t is seek+ n to put d[n or prev5t viol5ce b to suppress expression ( op9ion1 to prev5t ! spread ( disaffection4 ,?is is repression4 ,! trials are ! beg9n+ ( x4 ,x has n /ill assum$ a virul5t =m b if ^! trials d n result 9 /ill+ ! propag&a1 x is highly likely t sev]e repression w be resort$ to by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! only o!r way to prev5t ! spread ( disaffection is to remove ! causes !re(4 ,& t w\ld be to respect ! gr[+ response ( ! c\ntry to ! programme ( non-co-op]ation4 ,x is too mu* to expect rep5tance & humility f a gov]nm5t intoxicat$ ) success & p[]4 ,we mu/ !re=e assume t ! second /age 9 ! ,gov]nm5t programme w be repression gr[+ 9 viol5ce 9 ! same ratio z ! progress ( non-co-op]ation4 ,& if ! movem5t survives repression1 ! day ( victory ( tru? is ne>4 ,we mu/ !n be prep>$ = prosecutions1 puni%m5ts ev5 up to deportations4 ,we mu/ evolve ! capacity = go+ on ) our programme )\t ! lead]s4 ,t means capacity = self-gov]nm5t4 ,& z no gov]nm5t 9 ! _w c possibly put a :ole nation 9 prison1 x mu/ yield to its dem& or abdication 9 fav\r ( a gov]nm5t suit$ to t nation4 ,x is cle> t ab/5tion f viol5ce & p]si/5ce 9 ! programme are our only & sure/ *ance ( atta9+ our end4 ,! gov]nm5t has its *oice1 ei!r to respect ! movem5t or to try to repress x by b>b>\s me?ods4 ,our *oice is ei!r to succumb to repression or to cont9ue 9 spite ( repression4 ,,to ,,e ,,engli%man ,,9 ,,india ,de> ,fri5d1 ,i wi% t e ,engli%man w see ?is appeal & give ?\ghtful att5tion to x4 ,let me introduce myself to y4 ,9 my humble op9ion no ,indian has co-op]at$ ) ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t m ?an ,i h = an unbrok5 p]iod ( tw5ty-n9e ye>s ( public life 9 ! face ( circum/ances t might well h turn$ any o!r man into a rebel4 ,i ask y to believe me :5 ,i tell y t my co-op]ation 0 n bas$ on ! fe> ( ! puni%m5ts provid$ by y\r laws or any o!r selfi% motives4 ,x 0 free & volunt>y co-op]ation bas$ on ! belief t ! sum total ( ! activity ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 0 = ! b5efit ( ,india4 ,i put my life 9 p]il f\r times = ! sake ( ! ,empire1--at ! "t ( ! ,bo] w> :5 ,i 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,ambulance corps ^: "w 0 m5tion$ 9 ,g5]al ,bull]'s dispat*es1 at ! "t ( ! ,zulu revolt 9 ,natal :5 ,i 0 9 *>ge ( a simil> corps at ! "t ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! late w> :5 ,i rais$ an ,ambulance corps & z a result ( ! /r5u\s tra9+ _h a sev]e attack ( pleurisy1 & la/ly1 9 fulfilm5t ( my promise to ,"l ,*elms=d at ! ,w> ,conf]5ce 9 ,delhi4 ,i ?rew myself 9 su* an active recruit+ campaign 9 ,kuira ,di/rict involv+ long & try+ m>*es t ,i _h an attack ( dys5try :i* prov$ almo/ fatal4 ,i did all ?is 9 ! full belief t acts su* z m9e mu/ ga9 = my c\ntry an equal /atus 9 ! ,empire4 ,s late z la/ ,decemb] ,i plead$ h>d = a tru/ful co-op]ation1 ,i fully believ$ t ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george w\ld r$eem 8 promise to ! ,mussalmans & t ! revelations ( ! (ficial atrocities 9 ! ,punjab w\ld secure full rep>ation = ! ,punjabis4 ,b ! trea*]y ( ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george & its appreciation by y1 & ! condonation ( ! ,punjab atrocities h completely %att]$ my fai? 9 ! good int5tions ( ! ,gov]nm5t & ! nation :i* is support+ x4 ,b ?\gh1 my fai? 9 y\r good int5tions is gone1 ,i recognise y\r brav]y & ,i "k t :at y w n yield to ju/ice & reason1 y w gladly yield to brav]y4 ,see :at ?is ,empire means to ,india ,exploitation ( ,india's res\rces = ! b5efit ( ,great ,brita94 ,an ev]-increas+ milit>y exp5diture1 & a civil s]vice ! mo/ exp5sive 9 ! _w4 ,extravagant work+ ( e dep>tm5t 9 utt] disreg>d ( ,india's pov]ty4 ,dis>mam5t & consequ5t emasculation ( a :ole nation le/ an arm$ nation might imp]il ! lives ( a h&ful ( y 9 our mid/4 ,traffic 9 intoxicat+ liquors & drugs = ! purposes ( su/a9+ a top heavy adm9i/ration4 ,progressively repres5tative legislation 9 ord] to suppress an ev]gr[+ agitation seek+ to give expression to a nation's agony4 ,degrad+ treatm5t ( ,indians resid+ 9 y\r dom9ions1 & ,y h %[n total disreg>d ( our feel+s by glorify+ ! ,punjab adm9i/ration & fl\t+ ! ,mosulman s5tim5t4 ,i "k y w\ld n m9d if we c\ld fight & wre/ ! sceptre =m y\r h&s4 ,y "k t we are p[]less to d t1 = y h ensur$ our incapacity to fight 9 op5 & hon\rable battle4 ,brav]y on ! battlefield is ?us impossible = u4 ,brav]y ( ! s\l /ill rema9s op5 to u4 ,i "k y w respond to t also4 ,i am engag$ 9 evok+ t brav]y4 ,non-co-op]ation means no?+ less ?an tra9+ 9 self-sacrifice4 ,:y %\ld we co-op]ate ) y :5 we "k t by y\r adm9i/ration ( ?is great c\ntry we are lift+ daily enslav$ 9 an increas+ degree4 ,?is response ( ! p to my appeal is n due to my p]sonality4 ,i w\ld l y to dismiss me1 & = t matt] ! ,ali ,bro!rs too1 f y\r consid]ation4 ,my p]sonality w fail to evoke any response to anti-,muslim cry if ,i 7 fooli% en\gh to rise x1 z ! magic "n ( ! ,ali ,bro!rs w\ld fail to inspire ! ,mussalmans ) en?usiasm if !y 7 madly to raise 9 anti-,h9du cry4 ,p flock 9 _! ?\s&s to li/5 to u because we to-day repres5t ! voice ( a nation groan+ "u iron heels4 ,! ,ali ,bro!rs 7 y\r fri5ds z ,i 01 & /ill am4 ,my religion =bids me to be> any ill-w t[>ds y4 ,i w\ld n raise my h& aga9/ y ev5 if ,i _h ! p[]4 ,i expect to conqu] y only by my suff]+4 ,! ,ali ,bro!rs w c]ta9ly draw ! sword1 if !y c\ld1 9 def5ce ( _! religion & _! c\ntry4 ,b !y & ,i h made common cause ) ! p ( ,india 9 _! attempt to voice _! feel+s & to f9d a rem$y = _! di/ress4 ,y are 9 se>* ( a rem$y to suppress ?is ris+ ebullition ( national feel+4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ to y t ! only way to suppress x is to remove ! causes4 ,y h yet ! p[]4 ,y c rep5t ( ! wrongs done to ,indians4 ,y c compel ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george to r$eem 8 promises4 ,i assure y he has kept _m escape doors4 ,y c compel ! ,vic]oy to retire 9 fav\r ( a bett] "o1 y c revise y\r ideas ab\t ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] & ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,y c compel ! ,gov]nm5t to summon a conf]5ce ( ! recognis$ l5d]s ( ! p1 duly elect$ by !m & repres5t+ all %ades ( op9ion s z to devise means = grant+ ,sw>aj 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! p ( ,india4 ,b ?is y _c d unless y consid] e ,indian to be 9 reality y\r equal & bro!r4 ,i ask = no patronage1 ,i m]ely po9t out to y1 z a fri5d1 z hon\rable solution ( a grave problem4 ,! o!r solution1 namely repression is op5 to ,,y4 ,i prophesy t x w fail4 ,x has begun already4 ,! ,gov]nm5t has already imprison$ two brave m5 ( ,panipat = hold+ & express+ _! op9ions freely4 ,ano!r is on 8 trial 9 ,lahore = hav+ express$ simil> op9ion4 ,"o 9 ! ,oudh ,di/rict is already imprison$4 ,ano!r awaits judgm5t4 ,y %\ld "k :at is go+ on 9 y\r mid/4 ,our propag&a is be+ c>ri$ on 9 anticipation ( repression4 ,i invite y respectfully to *oose ! bett] way & make common cause ) ! p ( ,india ^: salt y are eat+4 ,to seek to ?w>t _! inspirations is disloyalty to ! c\ntry4 ,i am1 ,y\r fai?ful fri5d1 ,m4 ,k4 ,,g&hi ,,"o ,,/ep ,,en\gh ,,= ,,me ,mr4 ,/okes is a ,*ri/ian1 :o wants to foll[ ! light t ,god gives him4 ,he has adopt$ ,india z 8 home4 ,he is wat*+ ! non-co-op]ation movem5t f ! ,kotg>h hills :]e he is liv+ 9 isolation f ! ,india ( ! pla9s & s]v+ ! hillm54 ,he has contribut$ ?ree articles on non-co-op]ation to ! columns ( ! ,s]vant ( ,calcutta & o!r pap]s4 ,i _h ! pleasure ( read+ !m dur+ my ,b5gal t\r4 ,mr4 ,/okes approves ( non-co-op]ation b dreads ! consequ5ces t may foll[ complete success i4e41 evacuation ( ,india by ! ,briti%4 ,he conjures up be=e 8 m9d a picture ( ,india invad$ by ! ,afghans f ! ,nor?-,we/1 plund]$ by ! ,gurkhas f ! ,hills4 ,= me ,i say ) ,c>d9al ,newman3 ',i d n ask to see ! di/ant sc5e2 "o /ep en\gh = me4' ,! movem5t is ess5tially religi\s4 ,! bus9ess ( e god-fe>+ man is to dissociate himself f evil 9 total disreg>d ( consequ5ces4 ,he mu/ h fai? 9 a good de$ produc+ only a good result3 t 9 my op9ion is ! ,gita doctr9e ( "w )\t atta*m5t4 ,god does n p]mit him to peep into ! future4 ,he foll[s tru? al?\gh ! foll[+ ( x may endang] 8 v life4 ,he kn[s t x is bett] to die 9 ! way ( ,god ?an to live 9 ! way ( ,satan4 ,!re=e :o ev] is satisfi$ t ?is ,gov]nm5t repres5ts ! activity ( ,satan has no *oice left to him b to dissociate himself f x4 ,h[ev]1 let u consid] ! wor/ t c happ5 to ,india on a sudd5 evacuation ( ,india by ! ,briti%4 ,:at does x matt] t ! ,gurkhas & ! ,pa?ans attack u8 ,surely we w\ld be bett] able to deal ) _! viol5ce ?an we are ) ! cont9u$ viol5ce1 moral & physical1 p]petrat$ by ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,/okes does n seem to es*ew ! use ( physical =ce4 ,surely ! comb9$ lab\r ( ! ,rajput1 ! ,sikh & ! ,mussalman w>riors 9 a unit$ ,india may be tru/$ to deal ) plund]]s f any or all ! sides4 ,imag9e h[ev] ! wor/3 ,japan ov]:elm+ u f ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 ! ,gurkhas f ! ,hills1 & ! ,pa?ans f ! ,nor?-,we/4 ,if we n succe$ 9 driv+ !m out we make t]ms ) !m & drive !m at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,?is w be a m manly c\rse ?an a hopeless submission to an admitt$ly wrongful ,/ate4 ,b ,i refuse to contemplate ! dismal out-look4 ,if ! movem5t succe$s ?r\gh non-viol5t non-co-op]ation1 & t is ! supposition ,mr4 ,/okes has />t$ )1 ! ,engli% :e!r !y rema9 or retire1 !y w d s z fri5ds & "u a well-ord]$ agreem5t z betwe5 p>tn]s4 ,i /ill believe 9 ! goodness ( human nature1 :e!r x is ,engli% or any o!r4 ,i !re=e d n believe t ! ,engli% w leave 9 a night4 ,& d ,i consid] ! ,gurkha & ! ,afghan be+ incorrigible ?ieves & robb]s )\t ability to respond to purify+ influ5ces8 ,i d n4 ,if ,india returns to h] spirituality1 x w react ^u ! neighb\r+ tribes1 %e w int]e/ h]self 9 ! welf>e ( ^! h>dy b poor p1 & ev5 support !m if necess>y1 n out ( fe> b z a matt] ( neighb\rly duty4 ,%e w h dealt ) ,japan simultane\sly ) ! ,briti%4 ,japan w n want to invade ,india1 if ,india has le>nt to consid] x a s9 to use a s+le =eign article t %e c manufacture )9 h] own bord]s4 ,%e produces en\gh to eat & h] m5 & wom5 c )\t difficulty manufacture en\gh to clo! to cov] _! nak$ness & protect !mselves f heat & cold4 ,we become prey to invasion if we excite ! gre$ ( =eign nation1 by deal+ ) !m "u a feel+ dep5d5ce on !m4 ,we mu/ le>n to be indep5d5t ( e "o ( !m4 ,:e!r !re=e we f9ally succe$ ?r\gh viol5ce or non-viol5ce 9 my op9ion1 ! prospect is by no means s gloomy z ,mr4 ,/okes has imag9$4 ,any conceivable prospect is1 9 my op9ion1 less black ?an ! pres5t unmanly & helpless condition4 ,& we _c d bett] ?an foll[+ out fe>lessly & ) confid5ce ! op5 & hon\rable programme ( non-viol5ce & sacrifice t we h mapp$ = ourselves4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,= ,,humility ,! _s ( non-viol5ce necess>ily leads to humility4 ,non-viol5ce means reliance on ,god1 ! ,rocks ( ages4 ,if we w\ld seek ,8 aid1 we mu/ approa* ,him ) a humble & a contrite he>t4 ,non-co-op]ationi/s may n trade ^u _! amaz+ success at ! ,congress4 ,we mu/ act1 ev5 z ! mango tree :i* drops z x be>s fruit4 ,its gr&eur lies 9 its maje/ic l[l9ess4 ,b "o he>s ( non-co-op]ationi/s be+ insol5t & intol]ant 9 _! behavi\r t[>ds ^? :o diff] f !m4 ,i "k t !y w lose all _! maje/y & glory1 if !y betray any inflation4 ,:il/ we may n be dissatisfi$ ) ! progress made s f>1 we h little to our cr$it to make u feel pr\d4 ,we h to sacrifice mu* m ?an we h done to ju/ify pride1 mu* less elation4 ,?\s&s1 :o flock$ to ! ,congress p&al1 h und\bt$ly giv5 _! intellectual ass5t to ! doctr9e b few h foll[$ x out 9 practice4 ,leav+ aside ! plead]s1 h[ _m p>5ts h )drawn _! *ildr5 f s*ools8 ,h[ _m ( ^? :o regi/]$ _! vote 9 fav\r ( non-co-op]ation h tak5 to h&-sp9n+ or disc>d$ ! use ( all =eign clo?8 ,non-co-op]ation is n a movem5t ( brag1 blu/]1 or bluff4 ,x is a te/ ( our s9c]ity4 ,x requires solid & sil5t self-sacrifice4 ,x *all5ges our hone/y & our capacity = national "w4 ,x is a movem5t t aims at translat+ ideas into action4 ,& ! m we d1 ! m we f9d t mu* m mu/ be done ?an we h expect$4 ,& ?is ?\ght ( our imp]fection mu/ make u humble4 ,a non-co-op]ationi/ /rives to compel att5tion & to set an example n by 8 viol5ce b by 8 unobtrusive humility4 ,he all[s 8 solid action to speak = 8 cre$4 ,8 /r5g? lies 9 8 reliance ^u ! correctness ( 8 position4 ,& ! conviction ( x gr[s mo/ 9 8 oppon5t :5 he lea/ int]poses 8 spee* betwe5 8 action & 8 oppon5t4 ,spee*1 especially :5 x is haughty1 betrays want ( confid5ce & x makes "o's oppon5t sceptical ab\t ! reality ( ! act itself4 ,humility !re=e is ! key to quick success4 ,i hope t e non-co-op]ationi/ w recognise ! necessity ( be+ humble & self-re/ra9$4 ,x is because s little is really requir$ to be done because all ( t little dep5ds entirely ^u ourselves t ,i h v5tur$ ! belief t ,sw>aj is atta9able 9 less ?an "o ye>4 ,,"s ,,que/ions ,,answ]$ ,i write to ?ank y = y\rs ( ! #g? in/ant & especially = y\r reque/ t ,i %\ld aft] read+ y\r writ+s 9 ,"y ,india on non-co-op]ation1 give a full & frank criticism ( !m4 ,i "k t y\r sole desire is to f9d out ! tru? & to act accord+ly1 & h5ce ,i v5ture to make ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,9 ! issue ( ,may #e? y say t non-co-op]ation is n ev5 anti-,gov]nm5t4 ,b surely to refuse to h any?+ to d ) ! ,gov]nm5t to ! ext5t ( n s]v+ x & ( n pay+ its taxes is actually1 if n !oretically anti-,gov]nm5t2 & su* a c\rse mu/ ultimately make all ,gov]nm5t impossible4 ,aga91 y say1 ,x is ! inh]5t "r ( a subject to refuse to assi/ a gov]nm5t t w n li/5 to him4 ,leav+ aside ! "q ( ! e?ical s\ndness ( ?is proposition1 may ,i ask :i* ,gov]nm5t1 9 ! pres5t case8 ,has n ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t done all x possibly c 9 ! matt]8 ,!n if its attempts to voice ! reque/ ( ,india %\ld fail1 w\ld x be fair & j to d any?+ aga9/ x8 ,w\ld n ! prop] c\rse be non-co-op]ation ) ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ! ,allies1 includ+ ,great ,brita91 if x be f\nd t ! latt] has fail$ prop]ly to support ! dem& ( ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t & p8 ,x seems to me t 9 all y\r writ+s & spee*es y =get t 9 ! pres5t "q bo? ,gov]nm5t & p are z "o1 & if !y fail to get :at !y ju/ly want1 h[ does ! "q ( non-co-op]ation arise8 ,h9dus & ,engli%m5 & ! ,gov]nm5t are all at pres5t %\ld]+ 9 a full-he>t$ mann] ! burd5 t ,muhom$ans ( ,india are c>ry+ etc4 etc4 ,b suppos+ we fail ( our object--:at !n8 ,are we all to refuse to co-op]ate & ) :om8 ,might ,i recomm5d ! consid]ation ( ! foll[+ c\rse ( conduct8 7#a7 ,wait & see :at ! actual t]ms ( ! ,treaty ) ,turkey are8 7#b7 ,if !y are n 9 accordance ) ! aspirations & recomm5dations ( ! ,gov]nm5t & ! p ( ,india1 ! e legitimate ef=t %\ld be made to h ! t]ms revis$4 7#c7 ,to ! bitt] end1 co-op]ate ) a ,gov]nm5t t co-op]ates ) u1 & only :5 x refuses co-op]ation1 g 9 = non-co-op]ation4 ,s f> ,i p]sonally see no reason :atsoev] = non-co-op]ation ) ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t1 & till x fails to voice ! ne$s & dem&s ( ,india z a :ole !re c be no reason4 ,! ,indian ,gov]nm5t does "s times make mi/akes1 b 9 ! ,khilafat matt] x is s\nd & !re=e des]ves or ought to h ! sympa!tic & :ole-he>t$ co-op]ation ( e "o 9 ,india4 ,i hope t y w k9dly consid] ! above & p]haps y w be able to f9d "t = a reply 9 ,"y ,india4 ,i gladly make room = ! above lett] & respond to ! sugge/ion to give a public reply z no d\bt ! difficulty exp]i5c$ by ! ,engli% fri5d is exp]i5c$ by _m4 ,causes are g5]ally lo/1 n ow+ to ! det]m9$ opposition ( m5 :o w n see ! tru? z !y want to p]petuate an inju/ice b because !y are able to enli/ 9 _! fav\r ! allegiance ( ^? :o are anxi\s to und]/& a p>ticul> cause & take sides aft] mature judgm5t4 ,x is only by pati5t argum5t ) su* hone/ m5 t "o is able to *eck oneself1 correct "o's own errors ( judgm5t & at times to wean !m f _! error & br+ !m ov] to "o's side4 ,?is ,khilafat "q is specially difficult because !re are s _m side-issues4 ,x is !re=e no wond] t _m h m or less difficulty 9 mak+ up _! m9ds4 ,x is fur!r complicat$ because ! pa9ful necessity = "s direct action has aris5 9 connection ) x4 ,b :atev] ! difficulty1 ,i am conv9c$ t !re is no "q s important z ?is "o if we want h>mony & peace 9 ,india4 ,my fri5d objects to my /atem5t t non-co-op]ation is n anti-,gov]nm5t1 because he consid]s t refusal to s]ve x & pay its taxes is actually anti-,gov]nm5t4 ,i respectfully diss5t f ! view4 ,if a bro!r has fundam5tal diff]5ces ) 8 bro!r1 & association ) ! latt] involves 8 p>tak+ ( :at 9 8 op9ion is an inju/ice4 ,i hold t x is bro!rly duty to refra9 f s]v+ 8 bro!r & %>+ 8 e>n+s ) him4 ,?is happ5s 9 ev]yday life4 ,prahalad did n act aga9/ 8 fa!r1 :5 he decl9$ to associate himself ) ! latt]'s blasphemies4 ,nor 0 ,jesus anti-,jewi% :5 he declaim$ aga9/ ! ,ph>isees & ! hypocrites1 & w\ld h none ( !m4 ,9 su* matt]s1 is x n int5tion t det]m9es ! "* ( a p>ticul> act8 ,x is h>dly correct z ! fri5d sugge/s t )drawal ( association "u g5]al circum/ances w\ld make all gov]nm5t impossible4 ,b x is true t su* )drawal w\ld make all inju/ice impossible4 ,my correspond5t consid]s t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india hav+ done all x possibly c\ld1 non-co-op]ation c\ld n be applicable to t ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 my op9ion1 :il/ x is true t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india has done a great deal1 x has n done half z mu* z x might h done1 & might ev5 n[ d4 ,no ,gov]nm5t c absolve itself f fur!r action beyond prote/+1 :5 x realises t ! p :om x repres5ts feel z ke5ly z d lakhs ( ,indian ,mussalmans 9 ! ,khilafat "q4 ,no am\nt ( sympa?y ) a />v+ man c possibly avail4 ,he mu/ h bread or he dies1 & :at is want$ at t critical mom5t is "s ex]tion to fet* ! :]e)al to fe$ ! dy+ man4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india c to-day he$ ! agitation & ask1 to ! po9t ( insi/5ce = full v9dication ( ! pl$g$ ^w ( a ,briti% ,m9i/]4 ,has ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india resign$ by way ( prote/ aga9/ ! ?reat5$1 %ameful betrayal ( tru/ on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george8 ,:y does ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india hide itself beh9d secret despat*es8 ,at a less critical mom5t ,"l ,h>diage committ$ a con/itutional indiscretion1 op5ly sympa?is$ ) ,s\? ,african ,passive ,resi/ance movem5t & /emm$ ! surg+ tide ( public indignation 9 ,india1 ?\gh at ! same "t he incurr$ ! wra? ( ! !n ,s\? ,african ,cab9et & "s public m5 9 ,great ,brita94 ,aft] all1 ! utmo/ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india has done is on its own %[+ to transmit & press ! ,mahom$an claim4 ,0 t n ! lea/ x c\ld h done8 ,c\ld x h done any?+ less )\t cov]+ itself ) disgrace8 ,:at ,indian ,mahom$ans & ! ,indian public expect ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to d at ?is critical juncture is n ! lea/1 b ! utmo/ t x c\ld d4 ,vic]oys h be5 kn[n to t5d] resignations = mu* small] causes4 ,w\nd$ pride br\ght =? n v long ago ! resignation ( a ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor4 ,on ! ,khilafat "q1 a sacr$ cause de> to ! he>ts ( sev]al million ,mahom$ans is 9 dang] ( be+ w\nd$4 ,i w\ld !re=e invite ! ,engli% fri5d1 & e ,engli%man 9 ,india1 & e ,h9du1 be he mod]ate or extremi/1 to make common cause ) ! ,mahom$ans & !reby compel ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to d its duty1 & !reby compel ,8 ,maje/y's ,m9i/]s to d !irs4 ,!re has be5 mu* talk ( viol5ce ensu+ f active non-co-op]ation4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ t ! ,mussalmans ( ,india1 if !y _h no?+ 9 ! %ape ( non-co-op]ation 9 view1 w\ld h long ago yield$ to c\nsels ( despair4 ,i admit t non-co-op]ation is n unatt5d$ ) dang]4 ,b viol5ce is a c]ta9ty )\t1 viol5ce is only a possibility ) non-co-op]ation4 ,& x w he a great] possibility if all ! important m51 ,engli%1 ,h9du & o!rs ( ! c\ntry disc\nt5ance x4 ,i ?9k1 t ! recomm5dation made by ! fri5d is be+ lit]ally foll[$ by ! ,mahom$ans4 ,al?\gh !y practically "k ! fate1 !y are wait+ = ! actual t]ms ( ! treaty ) ,turkey4 ,!y are c]ta9ly go+ to try e means at _! disposal to h ! t]ms revis$ be=e beg9n+ non-co-op]ation4 ,& !re w c]ta9ly be no non-co-op]ation comm5c$ s long z !re is ev5 hope ( active co-op]ation on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india ) ! ,mahom$ans1 t is1 co-op]ation /rong en\gh to secure a revision ( ! t]ms %\ld !y be f\nd to be 9 conflict ) ! pl$ges ( ,briti% /atesm54 ,b if all ^! ?+s fail1 c ,mahom$ans z m5 ( hon\r :o hold _! religion de>] ?an _! lives d any?+ less ?an wa% _! h&s clean ( ! guilt ( ,briti% ,m9i/]s & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india by refus+ to co-op]ate ) !m8 ,& c ,h9dus & ,engli%m51 if !y value ,mahom$an fri5d%ip1 & if !y admit !n full ju/ice ( ! ,mahomad5 fri5d%ip & if !y admit ! full ju/ice ( ! ,mahom$an claim d o!rwise ?an he>tily support ! ,mahom$ans by ^w & de$4 ,,pl$ges ,,brok5 ,aft] ! =go+ 0 pr9t$ ! long-expect$ peace t]ms reg>d+ ,turkey 7 receiv$4 ,9 my humble op9ion !y are humiliat+ to ! ,supreme ,c\ncil1 to ! ,briti% m9i/]s1 & if z a ,h9du ) deep rev]5ce = ,*ri/ianity ,i may say s1 a d5ial ( ,*ri/'s tea*+s4 ,turkey brok5 d[n & torn ) diss5tions )9 may submit to ! arrogant disposal ( h]self1 & ,indian ,mahom$ans may out ( fe> d likewise4 ,h9dus out ( fe>1 apa?y or want ( appreciation ( ! situation1 may refuse to help _! ,mahom$an bre?r5 9 _! h\r ( p]il4 ,! fact rema9s t a solemn promise ( ! ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,engl& has be5 wantonly brok54 ,i w say no?+ ab\t ,presid5t ,wilson's f\rte5 po9ts1 = !y seem n[ to be entirely =gott5 z a day's wond]4 ,x is a matt] ( deep sorr[ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india communique (f]s a def5ce ( ! t]ms1 calls !m a fulfilm5t ( ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's pl$ge ( #e? ,janu>y #aiah & yet apologises = _! defective nature & appeals to ! ,mahom$ans ( ,india z if to mock !m t !y w\ld accept ! t]ms ) quiet resignation4 ,! mask t veils ! hypocrisy is too ?9 to deceive anybody4 ,x w\ld h be5 dignifi$ if ! communique _h boldly admitt$ ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george's mi/ake 9 hav+ made ! promise ref]r$ to4 ,z x is1 ! claim ( fulfilm5t ( ! promise only adds to ! irritation caus$ by its gl>+ brea*4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,vic]oy say+1 ,! "q ( ! ,khilafat is "o = ! ,mahom$ans & ,mahom$ans only & t ) _! free *oice 9 ! matt] ,gov]nm5t h no desire to int]f]e1 :ile ! ,khalif's dom9ions are ru?lessly dismemb]$1 8 control ( ! ,holy places ( ,islam %amelessly tak5 away f him & he himself r$uc$ to utt] impot5ce 9 8 own palace :i* c no long] be call$ a palace b :i* c he m fitly describ$ u a prison8 ,no wond]1 ,8 ,excell5cy fe>s t ! peace includes t]ms :i* mu/ be pa9ful to all ,moslems4 ,:y %\ld he insult ,muslim intellig5ce by s5d+ ! ,mussalmans ( ,india a ( enc\ragem5t & sympa?y8 ,are !y expect$ to f9d enc\ragem5t 9 ! cruel recital ( ! arrogant t]ms or 9 a remembrance ( '! spl5did response' made by !m to ! call ( ! ,k+ '9 ! day ( ! ,empire's ne$4' ,x ill becomes ,8 ,excell5cy to talk ( ! triumph ( ^? ideals ( ju/ice & humanity = :i* ! ,allies f\ght4 ,inde$1 ! t]ms ( ! s call$ peace ) ,turkey if !y are to la/1 w be a monum5t ( human arrogance & man-made inju/ice4 ,to attempt to cru% ! _s ( a brave & gallant race1 because x has lo/ 9 ! =tunes ( w>1 is a triumph n ( humanity b a demon/ration ( inhumanity4 ,& if ,turkey enjoy$ ! close/ ties ( fri5d%ip ) ,great ,brita9 be=e ! w>1 ,great ,brita9 has c]ta9ly made ample rep>ation = h] mi/ake by hav+ made ! l>ge/ contribution to ! humiliation ( ,turkey4 ,x is insuff]able !re=e :5 ! ,vic]oy feels confid5t t ) ! conclusion ( ?is new treaty t fri5d%ip w quickly take life aga9 & a ,turkey reg5]ate full ( hope & /r5g?1 w /& =? 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/ a pill> ( ! ,islamic fai?4 ,! ,vic]egal message audaci\sly concludes1 ,?is ?\ght w ,i tru/ /r5g!n y to accept ! peace t]ms ) resignation1 c\rage & =titude & to keep y\r loyalty t[>ds ! ,cr[n bright & unt>ni%$ z x has be5 = s _m g5]ations4 ,if ,muslim loyalty rema9s unt>ni%$ x w c]ta9ly n be = want ( ef=t on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to put ! heavie/ /ra9 ^u x1 b x w rema9 s because ! ,mahom$ans realise _! own /r5g?--! /r5g? 9 ! k t _! cause is j & t !y h got ! p[] to v9dicate ju/ice 9 spite ( ! ab]ration suff]$ by ,great ,brita9 "u a ,prime ,m9i/] :om cont9u$ p[] has made z reckless 9 mak+ promises z 9 break+ !m4 ,:il/ !re=e ,i admit t !re is no?+ ei!r 9 ! peace t]ms or 9 ! ,vic]egal message cov]+ !m to inspire ! ,mahom$ans & ,indians 9 g5]al ) confid5ce or hope1 ,i v5ture to sugge/ t !re is no cause = despair & ang]4 ,n[ is ! "t = ,mahom$ans to reta9 absolute self-control1 to unite _! =ces &1 weak ?\gh !y are1 ) firm fai? 9 ,god to c>ry on ! /ruggle ) r$\bl$ vig\r till ju/ice is done4 ,if ,india--bo? ,h9du & ,mahom$an--c act z "o man & c )draw h] p>tn]%ip 9 ?is crime aga9/ humanity :i* ! peace t]ms repres5t1 %e w soon secure a revision ( ! treaty & give h]self & ! ,empire at lea/1 if n ! _w1 a la/+ peace4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! /ruggle w\ld be bitt] %>p & possibly prolong$1 b x is wor? all ! sacrifice t x is likely to call =?4 ,bo? ! ,mussalmans & ! ,h9dus are on _! trial4 ,is ! humiliation ( ! ,khilafat a matt] ( conc]n to ! =m]8 ,& if x is1 are !y prep>$ to ex]cise re/ra9t1 religi\sly refra9 f viol5ce & practise non-co-op]ation )\t c\nt+ ! mat]ial loss x may entail ^u ! community8 ,d ! ,h9dus hone/ly feel = _! ,mahom$an bre?r5 to ! ext5t ( %>+ _! suff]+s to ! fulle/ ext5t8 ,! answ] to ^! que/ions & n ! peace t]ms1 w f9ally decide ! fate ( ! ,khilafat4 ,,m ,,objections ,,answ]$ ,swade%mitran is "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial ,tamil dailies ( ,madras4 ,x is widely read4 ,ev]y?+ appe>+ 9 its columns is entitl$ to respect4 ,! ,editor has sugge/$ "s practical difficulty 9 ! way ( non-co-op]ation4 ,i w\ld !re=e l1 to ! be/ ( my ability1 to deal ) !m4 ,i d n "k :]e ! in=mation has be5 d]iv$ f t ,i h giv5 up ! la/ two /ages ( non-co-op]ation4 ,:at ,i h said is t !y are a di/ant goal4 ,i abide by x4 ,i admit t all ! /ages are fraught ) "s dang]1 b ! la/ two are fraught ) ! greate/--! la/ mo/ ( all4 ,! /ages h be5 fix$ ) a view to runn+ ! lea/ possible risk4 ,! la/ two /ages w n be tak5 up unless ! committee has atta9$ suffici5t control ov] ! p to w>rant ! beliefs t ! lay+ d[n ( arms or susp5sion ( taxes w1 humanly speak+1 be free f an outbreak ( viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p4 ,i d ent]ta9 ! belief t x is possible = ! p to atta9 ! discipl9e necess>y = tak+ ! two /eps4 ,:5 once !y realise t viol5ce is totally unnecess>y to b5d an unwill+ gov]nm5t to _! w & t ! result c be obta9$ ) c]ta9ty by dignifi$ non-co-op]ation1 !y w cease to ?9k ( viol5ce ev5 by way ( retaliation4 ,! fact is t hi!rto we h n attempt$ to take conc]t$ & discipl9$ action f ! masses4 ,"s day1 if we are to become truly a self-gov]n+ nation1 t attempt has to be made4 ,! pres5t1 9 my op9ion1 is a propiti\s movem5t4 ,e ,indian feels ! insult to ! ,punjab z a p]sonal wrong1 e ,mussalman res5ts ! wrong done to ! ,khilafat4 ,!re is !re=e a fav\rable atmosph]e = expect+ cohesive & re/ra9$ movem5t on ! "p ( ! masses4 ,s f> z response is conc]n$1 ,i agree ) ! ,editor t ! quicke/ & ! l>ge/ response is to be expect$ 9 ! matt] ( susp5sion ( paym5t ( taxes1 b z ,i h said s long z ! masses are n educat$ to appreciate ! value ( non-viol5ce ev5 :il/ _! hold+ are be+ sold1 s long mu/ x be difficult to take up ! la/ /age into any appreciable ext5t4 ,i agree too t a sudd5 )drawal ( ! milit>y & ! police w be a disa/] if we h n acquir$ ! ability to protect ourselves aga9/ robb]s & ?ieves4 ,b ,i sugge/ t :5 we are ready to call out ! milit>y & ! police on an ext5sive scale we w\ld f9d ourselves 9 a position to def5d ourselves4 ,if ! police & ! milit>y resign f patriotic motives1 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly expect !m to p]=m ! same duty z national volunte]s1 n has hirel+s b z will+ protectors ( ! life & lib]ty ( _! c\ntrym54 ,! movem5t ( non-co-op]ation is "o ( automatic adju/m5t4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t s*ools are empti$1 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly expect national s*ools to come into be+4 ,if ! lawy]s z a :ole susp5d$ practice1 !y w\ld devise arbitration c\rts & ! nation w h exp$itions & *eap] me?od ( sett+ private disputes & aw>d+ puni%m5t to ! wrong-do]4 ,i may add t ! ,khilafat ,committee is fully alive to ! difficulty ( ! task & is tak+ all ! necess>y /eps to meet ! cont+5cies z !y arise4 ,reg>d+ ! leav+ ( civil employm5t1 no dang] is fe>$1 because no "o w leave 8 employm5t1 unless he is 9 a position to f9d support = himself & family ei!r ?r\gh fri5ds or o!rwise4 ,disapproval ( ! propos$ )drawal ( /ud5ts betrays1 9 my humble op9ion1 lack ( appreciation ( ! true nature ( non-co-op]ation4 ,x is true en\gh t we pay ! money :]e) our *ildr5 are educat$4 ,b1 :5 ! ag5cy imp>t+ ! education has become corrupt1 we may n employ x )\t p>tak+ ( ! ag5ts1 corruption4 ,:5 /ud5ts leave s*ools or colleges ,i h>dly imag9e t ! tea*]s w fail to p]ceive ! advisability ( !mselves resign+4 ,b ev5 if !y d n1 money c h>dly be all[$ to c\nt :]e hon\r or religion are at ! /ake4 ,z to ! boycott ( ! c\ncils1 x is n ! entry ( ! ,mod]ates or any o!r p]sons t matt]s s mu* z ! entry ( ^? :o believe 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,y may n co-op]ate at ! top & non-co-op]ate at ! bottom4 ,a c\ncillor _c rema9 9 ! c\ncil & ask ! guma/a :o cleans ! c\ncil-table to resign4 ,,mr4 ,,p5n+ton',s ,,objections ,,answ]$ ,i gladly publi% ,mr4 ,p5n+ton's lett] ) its enclosure j z ,i h receiv$ !m4 ,evid5tly ,mr4 ,p5n+ton is n a regul> read] ( ',"y ,india1' or he w\ld h notic$ t no "o has condemn$ mob outrages m ?an ,i h4 ,he seems to ?9k t ! article he has object$ to 0 ! only ?+ ,i h ev] writt5 on ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,he does n seem to "k t ,i h endeav\r$ ) ! utmo/ imp>tiality to exam9e ! ,jallianwala massacre4 ,& he c see any day all ! pro( adduc$ by my fell[-commission]s & myself 9 support ( our f9d+s on ! massacre4 ,! ord9>y read]s ( ',"y ,india' knew all ! facts & !re=e x 0 unnecess>y = me to support my ass]tion o!rwise4 ,b un=tunately ,mr4 ,p5n+ton repres5ts ! typical ,engli%man4 ,he does n want to be unju/1 nev]!less he is r>ely j 9 8 appreciation ( _w ev5ts because he has no "t to /udy !m except cursorily & t ?r\gh a press ^: bus9ess is to air only p>ty views4 ,! av]age ,engli%man !re=e except 9 p>o*ial matt]s is p]haps ! lea/ in=m$ ?\gh he claims to be well-in=m$ ab\t e v>iety ( int]e/4 ,mr4 ,p5n+ton's ignorance is ?us typical ( ! o!rs & af=ds ! be/ reason = secur+ control ( our own affairs 9 our own h&s4 ,ability w come ) use & n by wait+ to be tra9$ by ^? ^: natural int]e/ is to prolong ! p]iod ( tutelage z mu* z possible4 ,b to return to ,mr4 ,p5n+ton's lett] he compla9s t !re has be5 no 'prop] trial ( any "o4' ,! fault is n ours4 ,india has consi/5tly & insi/5tly dem&$ a trial ( all ! (fic]s conc]n$ 9 ! crimes aga9/ ! ,punjab4 ,he next objects to be 'viol5ce' ( my language4 ,if tru? is viol5t1 ,i plead guilty to ! *>ge ( viol5ce ( language4 ,b ,i c\ld n1 )\t do+ viol5ce to tru?1 refra9 f us+ ! language1 ,i h1 reg>d+ ,g5]al ,dy]'s action4 ,x has be5 prov$ out ( 8 own m\? or ho/ile witnesses3 7#a7 ,t ! cr[d 0 un>m$4 7#b7 ,t x conta9$ *ildr54 7#c7 ,t ! #ac? 0 ! day ( ,vaisakhi fair4 7#d7 ,t ?\s&s _h come to ! fair4 7#e7 ,t !re 0 no rebellion4 7#f7 ,t dur+ ! int]v5+ two days be=e ! 'massacre' !re 0 peace 9 ,amrits>4 7#g7 ,t ! proclamation ( ! meet+ 0 made ! same day z ,g5]al ,dy]'s proclamation4 7#h7 ,t ,g5]al ,dy]'s proclamation prohibit$ n meet+s b processions or ga!r+s ( f\r m5 on ! /reets & n 9 private or public places4 7#i7 ,t ,g5]al ,dy] ran no risk :e!r outside or inside ! city4 7#aj7 ,t he admitt$ himself t _m 9 ! cr[d did n "k any?+ ( 8 proclamation4 7#aa7 ,t he fir$ )\t w>n+ ! cr[d & ev5 aft] x _h begun to disp]se4 ,he fir$ on ! backs ( ! p :o 7 9 flight4 7#ab7 ,t ! m5 7 practically p5n$ 9 an enclosure4 ,9 ! face ( ^! admitt$ facts ,i d call ! de$ a 'massacre4' ,! action am\nt$ n to 'an error ( judgm5t' b its 'p>alysis 9 ! face ( fanci$ dang]4' ,i am sorry to h to say t ,mr4 ,p5n+ton's notes1 :i* too ! read] w f9d publi%$ else:]e1 betray z mu* ignorance z 8 lett]4 ,:atev] 0 adopt$ on pap] 9 ! days ( ,cann+ 0 c]ta9ly n translat$ into action 9 its full s5se4 ',promises made to ! e> 7 brok5 to ! hope1' 0 said by a reaction>y ,vic]oy4 ,milit>y exp5diture has gr[n enorm\sly s9ce ! days ( ,cann+4 ,! demon/ration 9 fav\r ( ,g5]al ,dy] is practically a my?4 ,no trace 0 f\nd ( ! s-call$ ,d&a ,fauj dignifi$ by ! "n ( bludgeon-army by ,mr4 ,p5n+ton4 ,!re 0 no rebel army 9 ,amrits>4 ,! cr[n t committ$ ! horrible murd]s & inc5di>ism conta9$ no "o community exclusively4 ,! %eet 0 f\nd po/$ only 9 ,lahore & n 9 ,amrits>4 ,mr4 ,p5n+ton %\ld moreov] h kn[n by ?is "t t ! meet+ held on ! #ac? 0 held1 among o!r ?+s1 = ! purpose ( condemn+ mob excesses4 ,?is 0 br\ght out at ! ,amrits> trial4 ,^? :o surr\nd$ him c\ld n /op ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,he says he made up 8 m9d to %oot 9 a mom5t4 ,he consult$ nobody4 ,:5 ! correspond5t says t ! troops w\ld h object$ to be+ conc]n$ 9 ':at might 9 t case be n unfairly call$ a 'massacre1' he writes z if he _h nev] liv$ 9 ,india4 ,i wi% ! ,indian troops _h ! moral c\rage to refuse to %oot innoc5t1 un>m$ m5 9 full flight4 ,b ! ,indian troops h be5 br\ght 9 too slavi% an atmosph]e to d>e d any su* correct act4 ,i hope ,mr4 ,p5n+ton w n accuse me aga9 ( mak+ unv]ifi$ ass]tions because ,i h n quot$ f ! books4 ,! evid5ce is !re = him to use4 ,i c only assure him t ! ass]tions are bas$ on positive pro(s mo/ly obta9$ f (ficial s\rces4 ,mr4 ,p5n+ton wants me to publi% an exact acc\nt ( :at happ5$ on ! #aj? ,april4 ,he c f9d x 9 ! reports1 & if he w pati5tly g ?r\gh !m he w discov] t ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] & 8 (ficials goad$ ! p into fr5zi$ fury--a fury :i* nobody1 z ,i h already said1 has condemn$ m ?an ,i h4 ,! acc\nt ( ! foll[+ days is summ$ up 9 "o ^w1 viz4 'peace' on ! "p ( ! cr[d di/urb$ by indiscrim9ate arre/s1 ! massacre & ! s]ies ( (ficial crimes t foll[$4 ,i am prep>$ to give ,mr4 ,p5n+ton cr$it = seek+ aft] ! tru?4 ,b he has gone ab\t x 9 ! wrong mann]4 ,i sugge/ 8 read+ ! evid5ce be=e ! ,hunt] ,committee & ! ,congress ,committee4 ,he ne$ n read ! reports4 ,b ! evid5ce w conv9ce him t ,i h und]/at$ ! case aga9/ ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,:5 h[ev] ,i read 8 description ( himself z = #ab ye>s ,*ief ,magi/rate ( ,di/ricts 9 ! ,s\? ( ,india be=e re=m1 by assass9ation & o!rwise1 became s fa%ionable4 ,i despair ( 8 be+ able to f9d ! tru?4 ,an angry or a bias$ man r5d]s himself incapable ( f9d+ x4 ,& ,mr4 ,p5n+ton is evid5tly bo? angry & bias$4 ,:at does he mean by say+1 be=e re=m by assass9ation & o!rwise became s fa%ionable8 ,x ill becomes him to talk ( assass9ation :5 ! s*ool ( assass9ation seems happily to h become ext9ct4 ,engli%m5 w nev] see ! tru? s long z !y p]mit _! vision to be bl9d$ by arrogant assumption ( sup]iority or ignorant assumptions ( infallibility4 ,,mr4 ,,p5n+ton',s ,,lett] ,,to ,,mr4 ,,g&hi ,de> ,sir1 ,i d n l y\r s*eme = boycott+ ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india "u :at seems to be ! some:at less (f5sive 7?\gh m cumbr\s7 "n ( non-co-op]ation2 b h always giv5 y cr$it = a g5u9e desire to c>ry out revolution by peaceful means & am a/oni%$ at ! viol5ce ( ! language y use 9 describ+ ,g5]al ,dy] on page #d ( y\r issue ( ! #ad? ,july la/4 ,y beg9 by say+ t he is by no means ! wor/ (f5d]1 &1 s f>1 ,i am incl9$ to agree1 ?\gh z !re has be5 no prop] trial ( anyone x is impossible to apportion _! guilt2 b !n y say 8 brutality is unmi/akable1 8 abject & unsoldi]like c[>dice is app>5t1 he has call$ an un>m$ cr[d ( m5 & *ildr5--mo/ly holiday mak]s--a rebel army4 ,he believes himself to be ! savi\r ( ! ,punjab 9 t he 0 able to %oot d[n l rabbits m5 :o 7 p5n$ 9 an enclosure2 su* a man is unwor?y to be consid]$ a soldi]4 ,!re 0 no brav]y 9 8 action4 ,he ran no risk4 ,he %ot )\t ! slighte/ opposition & )\t w>n+4 ,?is is n an error ( judgem5t4 ,x is p>alysis ( x 9 ! face ( fanci$ dang]4 ,x is pro( ( crim9al incapacity & he>tlessness1 etc4 ,y mu/ excuse me = say+ t all ?is is m]e rhetoric unsupport$ by any pro(1 ev5 :]e pro( 0 possible4 ,to beg9 )1 nei!r y nor ,i 7 pres5t at ! ,jallianwalla ,bagh on t dreadful day--dreadful especially = ,g5]al ,dy] = :om y %[ no sympa?y1--& !re=e _c "k = c]ta9 :e!r ! cr[d 0 or 0 n un>m$4' ,t x 0 an 'illegal1' because a 'prohibit$1' assembly is evid5t2 = x is absurd to suppose t ,g5]al ,dy]'s #d-a_/b h\rs m>*1 ?r\gh ! city t v morn+1 dur+ ! :ole ( :i* he 0 w>n+ ! inhabitants aga9/ ! dang] ( any sort ( ga!r+1 0 n ?or\ghly well-kn[n4 ,y say !y 7 'mo/ly holiday mak]s1' b y give nor pro(2 & ! idea ( holiday ga!r+ 9 ,amrits> j !n 9 incr$ible4 ,i _c und]/& y\r mak+ su* a sugge/ion4 ,g5]al ,dy] 0 n ! only (fic] pres5t on ! occasion & x is impossible to suppose t he w\ld h be5 all[$ to g on %oot+ into an innoc5t body ( holiday-mak]s4 ,ev5 ! troops w\ld h refus$ to c>ry out :at might !n h be5 n unfairly call$ a massacre4 ,i notice t y nev] ev5 allude to ! frightful brutality ( ! mob :i* 0 imm$iately responsible = ! punitive measure reluctantly adopt$ by ,g5]al ,dy]4 ,y\r sympa?ies seem to be only ) ! murd]]s1 & ,i am n sangu9e en\gh to suppose t my view ( ! case w h mu* influ5ce ) y4 ,/ill ,i am b\nd to d :at ,i c to get at ! tru?1 & enclose a copy ( "s notes ,i h _h occasion to make4 ,if y c publi% an exact acc\nt ( :at happ5$ at ,amrits> on ! #aj? ( ,april1 #aiai & ! foll[+ days1 especially on ! #ac?1 includ+ ! demon/ration 9 fav\r ( ,g5]al ,dy]1 7if !re 0 "o71 ,i = "o1 z a m]e seek] aft] ! tru?1 %\ld be v mu* oblig$ to y4 ,m]e abuse is n conv9c+1 z y s (t5 obs]ve 9 y\r g5]ally reasonable pap]1 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,j4 ,r4 ,,p5n+ton1 ,i4,o4,s4 7,retd47 #ce1 ,,victoria ,,road1 ,,wor?+1 ,,sussex #bg? ,aug4 #aibj4 ,= #ab ye>s ,*ief ,magi/rate ( ,di/ricts 9 ! s\? ( ,india be=e re=m1 by assass9ation & o!rwise1 became s fa%ionable4 ,p4,s4 ,let u get ! case 9 ?is way4 ,g5]al ,dy]1 act+ z ! only repres5tative ( ,gov]nm5t on ! spot %ot "s hundr$s ( p 7"s ( !m p]haps innoc5tly mix$ up 9 an illegal assembly71 9 ! bona fide belief t he 0 deal+ ) ! rema9s ( a v dang]\s rebellion & 0 !reby sav+ ! lives ( v _m ?\s&s1 & 9 ! op9ion ( a great _m p did actually save ! city f fall+ 9 ! h&s ( a dang]\s mob4 ,,"s ,,d\bts ,babu ,janakdh>i ,prasad 0 a /aun* c[ork] ) me 9 ,*amp>an4 ,he has writt5 a long lett] sett+ =? 8 reasons = 8 belief t ,india has a great mission be=e h]1 & t %e c a*ieve h] purpose only by non-viol5t non-co-op]ation4 ,b he has d\bts :i* he w\ld h me answ] publicly4 ,! lett] be+ long1 ,i am )hold+4 ,b ! d\bts are entitl$ to respect & ,i mu/ endeav\r to answ] !m4 ,"h !y are u fram$ by ,bubu ,janakdh>i ,prasad4 7a7 ,is n ! non-co-op]ation movem5t creat+ a sort ( race-hatr$ betwe5 ,engli%m5 & ,indians1 & is x 9 accordance ) ! ,div9e plan ( univ]sal love & bro!rhood8 7b7 ,does n ! use ( words devili%1 satanic1 etc41 sav\r ( unbro!rly s5tim5t & incite feel+s ( hatr$8 7c7 ,%\ld n ! non-co-op]ation movem5t be conduct$ on /rictly non-viol5t & non-emotional l9es bo? 9 spee* & action8 7d7 ,is !re no dang] ( ! movem5t go+ out ( control & l5d+ to viol5ce8 ,z to 7a71 ,i mu/ say t ! movem5t is n 'creat+' race-hatr$4 ,x c]ta9ly gives1 z ,i h already said1 discipl9$ expression to x4 ,y _c eradicate evil by ignor+ x4 ,x is because ,i want to promote univ]sal bro!rhood t ,i h tak5 up non-co-op]ation s t1 by self-purification1 ,india may make ! _w bett] ?an x is4 ,z to 7b71 ,i "k t ! words 'satanic' & 'devili%' are /rong1 b !y relate ! exact tru?4 ,!y describe a sy/em n p]sons3 ,we are b\nd to hate evil1 if we w\ld %un x4 ,b by means ( non-co-op]ation we are able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! evil & ! evil-do]4 ,i h f\nd no difficulty 9 describ+ a p>ticul> activity ( a bro!r ( m9e to be devili%1 b ,i am n aw>e ( hav+ h>b\r$ any hatr$ ab\t him4 ,non-co-op]ation tea*es u to love our fell[m5 9 spite ( _! faults1 n by ignor+ or ov]-look+ !m4 ,z to 7c71 ! movem5t is c]ta9ly be+ conduct$ on /rictly non-viol5t l9es4 ,t all non-co-op]ators h n yet ?or\ghly imbib$ ! doctr9e is true4 ,b t j %[s :at an evil legacy we h inh]it$4 ,emotion !re is 9 ! movem5t4 ,& x w rema94 ,a man )\t emotion is a man )\t feel+4 ,z to 7d71 !re c]ta9ly is dang] ( ! movem5t becom+ viol5t4 ,b we may no m drop non-viol5t non-co-op]ation because ( its dang]s1 ?an we may /op fre$om because ( ! dang] ( its abuse4 ,,rejo9d] ,messrs4 ,popley & ,philips h be5 good en\gh to reply to my lett] ,to ,e ,engli%man 9 ,india4 ,i recognise & appreciate ! fri5dly _s ( _! lett]4 ,b ,i see t !re are fundam5tal diff]5ces :i* mu/ = ! "t be+ divide !m & me4 ,s long z ,i felt t1 9 spite ( griev\s lapses ! ,briti% ,empire repres5t$ an activity = ! worlds & ,india's good1 ,i clung to x l a *ild to its "m's brea/4 ,b t fai? is gone4 ,! ,briti% nation has endors$ ! ,punjab & ,khilsfat crimes4 ,! is no d\bt a diss5t+ m9ority4 ,b a diss5t+ m9ority t satisfies itself ) a m]e expression ( its op9ion & cont9ues to help ! wrong-do] p>takes 9 wrong-do+4 ,& :5 ! sum total ( 8 en]gy repres5ts a m9us quantity "o may n pick out ! plus quantities1 hold !m up = admiration1 & ask an admir+ public to help reg>d+ !m4 ,x is a fav\rite design ( ,satan to temp] evil ) a %[ ( good & ?us lure ! unw>y into ! trap4 ,! only way ! _w has kn[n ( defeat+ ,satan is by %unn+ him4 ,i invite ,engli%m51 :o c\ld "w out ! ideal ! believe 91 to jo9 ! ranks ( ! non-co-op]ationi/s4 ,w4,t4 ,/ead pray$ = ! rev]se ( ! ,briti% arms dur+ ! ,bo] w>4 ,miss ,hobbh\se invit$ ! ,bo]s to keep up ! fight4 ,! betrayal ( ,india is mu* worse ?an ! inju/ice done to ! ,bo]s4 ,! ,bo]s f\ght & bl$ = _! rights4 ,:5 !re=e1 we are prep>$ to ble$1 ! "r w h become embodi$1 & idolatr\s _w w p]ceive x & d homage to x4 ,b ,mess]s4 ,popley & ,phillips object t ,i h alli$ myself ) ^? :o w\ld draw ! sword if !y c\ld4 ,i see no?+ wrong 9 x4 ,!y repres5t ! "r no less ?an ,i d4 ,& is x n wor? :ile try+ to prev5t an un%ea?+ ( ! sword by help+ to w9 ! bloodless battle8 ,^? :o recognise ! tru? ( ! ,indian position c only d ,god's "w by assi/+ ?is non-viol5t campaign4 ,! second objection rais$ by ^! ,engli% fri5ds is m to ! po9t4 ,i w\ld be guilty ( wrong-do+ myself if ! ,muslim cause 0 n j4 ,! fact is t ! ,muslim claim is n to p]petuate =eign dom9ation ( non-,muslim or ,turki% races4 ,! ,indian ,mussalmans d n resi/ self-det]m9ation1 b !y w\ld fight to ! la/ ! nef>i\s plan ( exploit+ ,mesopotamia "u ! plea ( self-det]m9ation4 ,!y mu/ resi/ ! /udi$ attempt to humiliate ,turkey & !re=e ,islam1 "u ! false pretext ( ensur+ ,arm5ian indep5d5ce4 ,! ?ird objection has ref]5ce to s*ools4 ,i d object to mission>y or any s*ools be+ c>ri$ on ) ,gov]nm5t money4 ,x is true t x 0 at "o "t our money4 ,w ^! good mission>ies be ju/ifi$ 9 educat+ me ) funds giv5 to !m by a robb] :o has robb$ me ( my money1 religion & hon\r because ! money 0 orig9ally m9e4 ,i p]sonally tol]at$ ! f9ancial robb]y ( ,india1 b x w\ld h be5 a s9 to h tol]at$ ! robb]y ( hon\r ?r\gh ! ,punjab1 & ( religion ?r\gh ,turkey4 ,?is is /rong language4 ,b no?+ less w\ld truly describe my deep conviction4 ,ne$less to add t ! empty+ ( ,gov]nm5t aid$1 or affiliat$1 s*ools does n mean />v+ ! "y m9d ,national ,s*ools are com+ into be+ z fa/ z ! o!rs are empti$4 ,messrs4 ,popley & ,phillips ?9k t my s5se ( ju/ice has be5 blurr$ by ! k ( ! ,punjab & ! ,khilafat wrongs4 ,i hope n4 ,i h ask$ fri5ds to %[ me "s good fruit 7int5d$ & delib]ately produc$7 ( ! ,briti% occupation ( ,india4 ,& ,i assure !m t ,i %all make ! ample/ am5ds if ,i f9d t ,i h err$ 9 my eag]ness ab\t ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab wrongs4 ,,two ,,engli%m5 ,,reply ,de> ,mr4 ,g&hi1 ,?ank y = y\r lett] to e ,engli%man 9 ,india1 ) its h>d-hitt+ & its g5]\s tone4 ,some?+ )9 u responds to ! note :i* y h /ruck4 ,we are n repres5tatives ( any corporate body1 b we ?9k t millions ( our c\ntrym5 9 ,engl&1 & n a few 9 ,india1 feel z we d4 ,! read+ ( y\r lett] conv9ces u t y & we _c be real enemies4 ,may we say at once t 9 s f> z ! ,briti% ,empire /&s = ! dom9ation & exploitation ( o!r races = ,brita9's b5efit1 = degrad+ treatm5t ( any1 = traffic 9 intoxicat+ liquors1 = repressive legislation1 = adm9i/ration su* z t :i* to ! ,amrits> incid5ts1 we desire ! end ( x z mu* z y d8 ,we q und]/& t 9 ! excitem5t ( ! pres5t crisis1 ow+ to c]ta9 acts ( ! ,briti% ,adm9i/ration1 :i* we jo9 ) y 9 condemn+1 ! ,empire pres5ts itself to y "u ?is aspect along4 ,b f p]sonal contact ) our c\ntrym51 we "k t work+ l leav5 9 ! mid/ ( su* t5d5cies1 z y & we deplore1 is ! fai? 9 a bett] ideal--! ideal ( a commonweal? ( free peoples volunt>ily l9k$ toge!r by ! ties ( common exp]i5ce 9 ! pa/ & common aspirations = ! future1 a commonweal? :i* may hope to spread lib]ty & progress ?r\gh ! :ole e>?4 ,) va/ numb]s ( our c\ntrym5 we value ! ,briti% ,empire ma9ly z af=d+ ! possibility ( ! realization ( su* an idea & on ! gr\nd give x our loyal allegiance4 ,mean:ile we d rep5t ( t arrogant attitude to ,indians :i* has be5 all too common among our c\ntrym51 we d hold ,indians to be our bro!rs & equals1 _m ( !m our sup]iors1 & we w\ld r be s]vants ?an rul]s ( ,india4 ,we desire an adm9i/ration :i* _c he intimat$ ei!r by ! selfi% elem5t 9 ,anglo-,indian political op9ion or by any o!r sectional int]e/ & :i* %all gov]n 9 accordance ) ! be/ democratic pr9ciples4 ,we %\ld welcome ! conv5+ ( a ,national assembly ( recogniz$ lead]s ( ! p1 repres5t+ all %ades ( political op9ion ( e ca/e1 race & cre$1 to frame a con/itution = ,sw>aj4 ,9 all ! ?+s t matt] mo/ we are ) y4 ,surely y & we c co-op]ate 9 ! s]vice ( ,india1 9 su* matt]s = example z education4 ,x seems to u no?+ %ort ( a trag$y t y %\ld be rally+ ,indian ,patriotism to inaugurate a new era ( good w "u a wat*word t divides1 in/ead ( unit+ all4 ,we h spok5 ( ! l>ge am\nt ( common gr\nd ^u :i* y & we c /&4 ,b frankness dem&s t we express our anxiety ab\t "s items 9 y\r programme4 ,leav+ aside small] que/ions on :i* y\r lett] seems to u to d ! ,briti% side less ?an ju/ice1 may we m5tion ?ree ma9 po9ts8 ,y\r insi/5ce on spiritual =ces alone we deeply respect & desire to emulate1 b we _c und]/& y\r comb9+ into x ) a close alliance ) ^? :o1 z y frankly say1 w\ld draw ! sword z soon z !y c\ld4 ,y\r desire = an education truly national comm&s our :ole-he>t$ approval4 ,b in/ead ( ,indianiz+ ! pres5t sy/em1 z y c\ld beg9 to d f ! beg9n+ ( next ye>1 or in/ead ( creat+ a hundr$ in/itutions su* z t at ,bolpur & turn+ into !m ! /ream ( ,india's "y intellectual life1 y appe> to be turn+ t /ream out ( its pres5t *annel into op5 s&s :]e x may dry up4 ,9 o!r words1 y seem to u to be risk+ ! complete cessation1 = a p]iod possibly1 ( ye>s1 ( all education1 = a l>ge numb] ( boys & "y m54 ,is x be/1 = ^? "y m5 or = ,india t ! pres5t imp]fect education %\ld cease be=e a bett] education is ready to take its place8 ,y\r desire to unite ,mohamm$an & ,h9du & to %>e ) y\r ,mohamm$an bre?r5 9 seek+ ! satisfaction ( ,mohamm$an aspirations1 we c und]/& & sympa?ize )4 ,b is !re no dang]1 9 ! c\rse :i* "s ( y\r p>ty h urg$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t1 t c]ta9 races 9 ! =m] ,ottoman ,empire might be fix$ "u a =eign yoke1 = worse ?an t :i* y hold ! ,engli% yoke to be8 ,y c\ld n wi% to pur*ase fre$om 9 ,india at ! price ( enslavem5t 9 ! middle ,ea/4 ,to sum up1 we ?ank y = ! _s ( y\r lett]1 to :i* we h tri$ to respond 9 ! same _s4 ,we are ) y 9 ! desire = an ,india g5u9ely free to develop ! be/ t is 9 h] & 9 ! belief t be/ is some?+ wond]ful ( :i* ! _w to-day /&s 9 ne$4 ,we are ready to co-op]ate ) y & ) e o!r man ( any race or nationality :o w help ,india to realize h] be/4 ,are y go+ to insi/ t y c h no?+ to d ) u if we receive a gov]nm5t grant 7i4e41 ,indian money71 = an ,indian ,s*ool4 ,surely "s m inspir+ battle cry ?an non-co-op]ation c be discov]$4 ,we h v5tur$ q frankly to po9t out ?ree items 9 y\r pres5t programme1 :i* seem to u likely to h9d] ! atta9m5t ( y\r true ideals = ,indian greatness4 ,b ^? ideals !mselves comm& our w>m sympa?y1 & we desire to "w1 s f> z we h opportunity1 = _! atta9m5t4 ,9 fact1 x is only ?us t we c int]pret our ,briti% citiz5%ip4 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 7,sd47 ,h4,a4 ,,popley1 7,sd47 ,g4,e4 ,,phillips4 ,bangalore1 ,novemb] #ae1 #aibj4 ,,r5unciation ,,( ,,m$als ,mr4 ,g&hi has address$ ! foll[+ lett] to ! ,vic]oy3-- ,x is n )\t a pang t ,i return ! ,kais>-i-,h9d gold m$al grant$ to me by y\r pr$ecessor = my humanit>ian "w 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ! ,zulu w> m$al grant$ 9 ,s\? ,africa = my s]vices z (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! ,indian volunte] ambulance corps 9 #aijf & ! ,bo] w> m$al fur my s]vices z assi/ant sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,indian volunte] /ret*] be>] corps dur+ ! ,bo] w> ( #ahii-aijj4 ,i v5ture to return ^! m$als 9 pursuance ( ! s*eme ( non-co-op]ation inaugurat$ to-day 9 connection ) ! ,khilafat movem5t4 ,valuable z ^? hon\rs h be5 to me1 ,i _c we> !m ) an easy consci5ce s long z my ,mussalman c\ntrym5 h to lab\r "u a wrong done to _! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,ev5ts t h happ5$ dur+ ! pa/ mon? h confirm$ me 9 ! op9ion t ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t h act$ 9 ! ,khilafat matt] 9 an unscrupul\s1 immoral & unju/ mann] & h be5 mov+ f wrong to wrong 9 ord] to def5d _! immorality4 ,i c reta9 nei!r respect nor affection = su* a ,gov]nm5t4 ,! attitude ( ! ,imp]ial & ,y\r ,excell5cy's ,gov]nm5ts on ! ,punjab "q has giv5 me additional cause = grave dissatisfaction4 ,i _h ! hon\r1 z ,y\r ,excell5cy is aw>e1 z "o ( ! congress commission]s to inve/igate ! causes ( ! disord]s 9 ! ,punjab dur+ ! ,april ( #aiai4 ,& x is my delib]ate conviction t ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] 0 totally unfit to hold ! (fice ( ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor ( ,punjab & t 8 policy 0 prim>ily responsible = infuriat+ ! mob at ,amrits>4 ,no d\bt ! mob excesses 7 unp>donable2 inc5di>ism1 murd] ( five innoc5t ,engli%m5 & ! c[>dly assault on ,miss ,%]wood 7 mo/ deplorable & uncall$ =4 ,b ! punitive measures tak5 by ,g5]al ,dy]1 ,col4 ,frank ,johnson1 ,col4 ,o',bri51 ,mr4 ,boswor? ,smi?1 ,rai ,%ri ,ram ,sud1 ,mr4 ,malik ,khan & o!r (fic]s 7 out ( all proportional to ! crime ( ! p & am\nt$ to wanton cruelty & inhumanity & almo/ unp>allel$ 9 mod]n times4 ,y\r excell5cy's light-he>t$ treatm5t ( ! (ficial crime1 y\r1 exon]ation ( ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy]1 ,mr4 ,montagu's dispat* & above all ! %ameful ignorance ( ! ,punjab ev5ts & call\s disreg>d ( ! feel+s ( ,indians betray$ by ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 h fill$ me ) ! grave/ misgiv+s reg>d+ ! future ( ! ,empire1 h e/rang$ me completely f ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t & h disabl$ me f t5d]+1 z ,i h hi!rto :ole-he>t$ly t5d]$1 my loyal co-op]ation4 ,9 my humble op9ion ! ord9>y me?od ( agitat+ by way ( petitions1 deputations & ! l is no rem$y = mov+ to rep5t5ce a ,gov]nm5t s hopelessly indiff]5t to ! welf>e ( its *>ges z ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india has prov$ to me4 ,9 ,european c\ntries1 condonation ( su* griev\s wrongs z ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab w\ld h result$ 9 a bloody revolution by ! p4 ,!y w\ld h resi/$ at all co/s national emasculation su* z ! said wrongs imply4 ,b half ( ,india is to weak to (f] viol5t resi/ance & ! o!r half is unwill+ to d s4 ,i h !re=e v5tur$ to sugge/ ! rem$y ( non-co-op]ation :i* enables ^? :o wi%1 to dissociate !mselves f ! ,gov]nm5t & :i*1 if x is unatt5d$ by viol5ce & und]tak5 9 an ord]$ mann]1 mu/ compel x to retrace its /eps & undo ! wrongs committ$4 ,b :il/ ,i %all pursue ! policy ( non-co-op]ation 9 s f> z ,i c c>ry ! p ) me1 ,i %all n lose hope t y w yet see y\r way to d ju/ice4 ,i !re=e respectfully ask ,y\r ,excell5cy to summon a conf]5ce ( ! recognis$ lead]s ( ! p & 9 consultation ) !m f9d a way t w\ld placate ! ,mussalmans & d rep>ation to ! unhappy ,punjab4 ,augu/ #d1 #aibj4 ,,mahatma ,,g&hi',s ,,lett] ,,to ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,connaught ,! foll[+ lett] has be5 address$ by ,mr4 ,g&hi to 8 ,royal ,highness ! ,duke ( ,connaught2-- ,sir1 ,y\r ,royal ,highness mu/ h he>d a great deal ab\t non-co-op]ation1 non-co-op]ationi/s & _! me?ods & incid5tally ( me its humble au?or4 ,i fe> t ! in=mation giv5 to ,y\r ,royal ,highness mu/ h be5 9 its nature "o-sid$4 ,i owe x to y & to my fri5ds & myself t ,i %\ld place be=e y :at ,i conceive to be ! scope ( non-co-op]ation z foll[$ n only be me b my close/ associates su* z ,messrs4 ,%aukat ,ali & ,mahom$ ,ali4 ,= me x is no joy & pleasure to be actively associat$ 9 ! boycott ( y\r ,royal ,highness' visit--,i h t5d]$ loyal & volunt>y association to ! ,gov]nm5t = an unbrok5 p]iod ( ne>ly #cj ye>s 9 ! full belief t ?r\gh t way lay ! pa? ( fre$om = my c\ntry4 ,x 0 !re=e no slight ?+ = me to sugge/ to my c\ntrym5 t we %\ld take no "p 9 welcom+ ,y\r ,royal ,highness4 ,n "o among u has any?+ aga9/ y z an ,engli% g5tleman4 ,we hold y\r p]son z sacr$ z t ( a de>e/ fri5d4 ,i d n "k any ( my fri5ds :o w\ld n gu>d x ) 8 life1 if he f\nd x 9 dang]4 ,we are n at w> ) individual ,engli%m5 we seek n to de/roy ,engli% life4 ,we d desire to de/roy a sy/em t has emasculat$ our c\ntry 9 body1 m9d & s\l4 ,we are det]m9$ to battle ) all our might aga9/ t 9 ! ,engli% nature :i* has made ,o',dwy]ism & ,dy]ism possible 9 ! ,punjab & has result$ 9 a wanton affront ^u ,islam a fai? pr(ess$ by sev5 crores ( our c\ntrym54 ,! affront has be5 put 9 brea* ( ! lett] & ! _s ( ! solemn decl>ation ( ! ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,we consid] x to be inconsi/5t ) our self respect any long] to brook ! _s ( sup]iority & dom9ance :i* has sy/ematically ignor$ & disreg>d$ ! s5tim5ts ( ?irty crores ( ! innoc5t p ( ,india on _m a vital matt]4 ,x is humiliat+ to u1 x _c be a matt] ( pride to y1 t ?irty crores ( ,indians %\ld live day 9 & day out 9 ! fe> ( _! lives f "o hundr$ ?\s& ,engli%m5 & !re=e be "u subjection to !m4 ,y\r ,royal ,highness has come n to end ! sy/em ,i h describ$ b to su/a9 x by uphold+ its pre/ige4 ,y\r fir/ pron\ncem5t 0 a laudation ( ,"l ,well+don4 ,i h ! privilege ( kn[+ him4 ,i believe him to be an hone/ & amiable g5tleman :o w n will+ly hurt ev5 a fly4 ,b1 he has c]ta9ly fail$ z a rul]4 ,he all[$ himself to be guid$ by ^? ^: int]e/ x 0 to support _! p[]4 ,he is read+ ! m9d ( ! ,dravidian prov9ce4 ,"h 9 ,b5gal y are issu+ a c]tificate ( m]it to a ,gov]nor :o is aga9 f all ,i h he>d an e/imable g5tleman4 ,b he kn[s no?+ ( ! he>t ( ,b5gal & its ye>n+s4 ,b5gal is n ,calcutta4 ,=t ,william & ! palaces ( ,calcutta repres5t an insol5t exploitation ( ! unmurmur+ & highly cultur$ peasantry ( ?is fair prov9ce4 ,non-co-op]ationi/s h come to ! conclusion t !y mu/ n be deceiv$ by ! re=ms t t9k] ) ! problem ( ,india's di/ress & humiliation4 ,nor mu/ !y be impati5t & angry4 ,we mu/ n 9 our impati5t ang] resort1 to /upid viol5ce4 ,we freely admit t we mu/ take our due %>e ( ! blame = ! exi/+ /ate4 ,x is n s mu* ! ,briti% guns t are responsible fur our subjection1 z our volunt>y co-op]ation4 ,our non-p>ticipation 9 a he>ty welcome to y\r ,royal ,highness is ?us 9 no s5se a demon/ration aga9/ y\r high p]sonage b x is aga9/ ! sy/em y h come to uphold4 ,i "k t individual ,engli%m5 _c ev5 if !y w alt] ! ,engli% nature all ( a sudd54 ,if we w\ld be equals ( ,engli%m5 we mu/ ca/ (f fe>4 ,we mu/ le>n to be self-reliant & indep5d5t ( ! s*ools1 c\rts1 protection1 & patronage ( a ,gov]nm5t1 we seek to end1 if x w n m5d4 ,h5ce ?is non-viol5t non-co-op]ation4 ,i "k t we h n all yet become non-viol5t 9 spee* & de$4 ,b ! results s f> a*iev$ h ,i assure ,y\r ,royal ,highness1 be5 amaz+4 ,! p h und]/ood ! secret & ! value ( non-viol5ce z !y h nev] done be=e4 ,he :o runs may see t ?is a religi\s1 purify+ movem5t4 ,we are leav+ (f dr9k1 we are try+ to rid ,india ( ! curse ( unt\*ability4 ,we are try+ to ?r[ (f =eign t9sel spl5d\r & by rev]t+ to ! sp9n+ :eel reviv+ ! anci5t & ! poetic simplicity ( life4 ,we hope !reby to /]ilize ! exi/+ h>mful in/itution4 ,i ask ,y\r ,royal ,highness z an ,engli%man to /udy ?is movem5t & its possibilities = ! ,empire & ! _w4 ,we are at w> ) no?+ t is good 9 ! _w4 ,9 protect+ ,islam 9 ! mann] we are1 we are protect+ all religions4 ,9 protect+ ! hon\r ( ,india we are protect+ ! hon\r ( humanity4 ,= our means are hurtful to none4 ,we desire to live on t]ms ( fri5d%ip ) ,engli%m5 b t fri5d%ip mu/ be fri5d%ip ( equals 9 bo? !ory & practice4 ,& we mu/ cont9ue to non-co-op]ate1 i4e4 to purify ourselves till ! goal is a*iev$4 ,i ask ,y\r ,royal ,highness & ?r\gh y e ,engli%man to appreciate ! view-po9t ( ! non-co-op]ationi/s4 ,i beg to rema91 ,y\r ,royal ,highness's fai?ful s]vant1 7,sd47 ,m4,k4 ,,g&hi4 ,febru>y1 #aiba ,,! ,,greate/ ,,?+ ,x is to be wi%$ t non-co-op]ationi/s w cle>ly recognise t no?+ c /op ! onw>d m>* ( ! nation z viol5ce4 ,irel& may ga9 its fre$om by viol5ce4 ,turkey may rega9 h] lo/ possessions by viol5ce )9 measurable di/ance ( "t4 ,b ,india _c w9 h] fre$om by viol5ce = a c5tury1 because h] p are n built 9 ! mann] ( o!r nations4 ,!y h be5 nurtur$ 9 ! traditions ( suff]+4 ,rightly or wrongly1 = good or ill1 ,islam too has evolv$ along peaceful l9es 9 ,india4 ,& ,i make bold to say t1 if ! hon\r ( ,islam is to be v9dicat$ ?r\gh its foll[]s 9 ,india1 x w only be by me?ods ( peaceful1 sil5t1 dignifi$1 consci\s1 & c\rage\s suff]+4 ,! m ,i /udy t wond]ful fai?1 ! m conv9c$ ,i become t ! glory ( ,islam is due n to ! sword b to ! suff]+s1 ! r5unciation1 & ! nobility ( its e>ly ,caliphs4 ,islam decay$ :5 its foll[]s1 mi/ak+ ! evil = ! good1 dangl$ ! sword 9 ! face ( man1 & lo/ sight ( ! godl9ess1 ! humility1 & au/]ity ( its f\nd] & 8 disciples4 ,b1 ,i am n at ! pres5t mom5t1 conc]n$ ) %[+ t ! basis ( ,islam1 z ( all religions1 is n viol5ce b suff]+ n ! tak+ ( life b ! giv+ ( x4 ,:at ,i am anxi\s to %[ is t non-co-op]ationi/s mu/ be true z well to ! _s z to ! lett] ( _! v[ if !y w\ld ga9 ,sw>aj )9 "o ye>4 ,!y may =get non-co-op]ation b !y d>e n =get non-viol5ce4 ,inde$1 non-co-op]ation is non-viol5ce4 ,we are viol5t :5 we su/a9 a gov]nm5t ^: cre$ is viol5ce4 ,x bases itself f9ally n on "r b on might4 ,its la/ appeal is n to reason1 nor ! he>t1 b to ! sword4 ,we are tir$ ( ?is cre$ & we h ris5 aga9/ x4 ,let u n ourselves belie our pr(ession by be+ viol5t4 ,?\gh ! ,engli% are v few1 !y are organis$ = viol5ce4 ,?\gh we are _m we _c be organis$ = viol5ce = a long "t to come4 ,viol5ce = u is a gospel or despair4 ,i h se5 a pa!tic lett] f a god-fe>+ ,engli% woman :o def5ds ,dy]ism = %e ?9ks t1 if ,g5]al ,dy] _h n enact$ ,jallianwala1 wom5 & *ildr5 w\ld h be5 murd]$ by u4 ,if we are su* brutes z to desire ! blood ( innoc5t wom5 & *ildr51 we des]ve to be blott$ out f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,!re is ! o!r side4 ,x did n /rike ?is good lady t1 if we 7 fri5ds1 ! price t h] c\ntrym5 paid at ,jallianwala = buy+ _! safety 0 too great4 ,!y ga9$ _! safety at ! co/ ( _! humanity4 ,g5]al ,dy] has be5 halt+ly blam$1 & 8 evil g5ius ,sir ,mi*ael ,o',dwy] entirely exon]at$ because ,engli%m5 d n want to leave ?is c\ntry ( fields ev5 if ev]yone ( u has to be kill$4 ,if we g mad aga9 z we did at ,amrits>1 let !re be no mi/ake t a black] ,jallianwala w be enact$4 ,%all we copy ,dy]ism & ,o',dwy]ism ev5 :il/ we are condemn+ x8 ,let n our rock be viol5ce & devilry4 ,our rock mu/ be non-viol5ce & godl9ess4 ,let u1 work]s1 be cle> z to :at we are ab\t4 ,sw>aj dep5ds ^u our ability to control all ! =ces ( viol5ce on our side4 ,!re=e !re is no ,sw>aj )9 "o ye>1 if !re is viol5ce on ! "p ( ! p4 ,we mu/ !n refra9 f sitt+ dhurna1 we mu/ refra9 f cry+ '%ame1 %ame' to anybody1 we mu/ n use any co]cion to p]suade our p to adopt our way4 ,we mu/ gu>antee to !m ! same fre$om we claim = ourselves4 ,we mu/ n tamp] ) ! masses4 ,x is dang]\s to make political use ( factory lab\r]s or ! peasantry--n t we are n entitl$ to d s1 b we are n ready = x4 ,we h neglect$ _! political 7z di/+ui%$ f lit]>y7 education all ^! long ye>s4 ,we h n got en\gh hone/1 intellig5t1 reliable1 & brave work]s to enable u to act ^u ^! c\ntrym5 ( ours4 ,,ix4 ,,mahatma ,,g&hi',s ,,/atem5t ,! foll[+ is ! ,/atem5t ( ,mahatma ,g&hi made be=e ! ,c\rt dur+ 8 ,trial 9 ,ahm$abad on ! #ah? ,m>* #aiba4 ,be=e read+ 8 writt5 /atem5t ,mahatma ,g&hi spoke a few words z introductory rem>ks to ! :ole /atem5t4 ,he said3 ,be=e ,i read ?is /atem5t1 ,i w\ld l to /ate t ,i entirely endorse ! le>n$ ,advocate-,g5]al's rem>ks 9 connection ) my humble self4 ,i ?9k t he 0 entirely fair to me 9 all ! /atem5ts t he has made1 because x is v true & ,i h no desire :atsoev] to conceal f ?is ,c\rt ! fact t to prea* disaffection t[>ds ! exi/+ sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t has become almo/ a passion ) me4 ,& ! le>n$ ,advocate-,g5]al is also entirely 9 ! "r :5 he says t my prea*+ ( disaffection did n comm5ce ) my connection ) ,"y ,india b t x comm5c$ mu* e>li] & 9 ! /atem5t t ,i am ab\t to read x w be my pa9ful duty to admit be=e ?is ,c\rt t x comm5c$ mu* e>li] ?an ! p]iod /at$ by ! ,advocate-,g5]al4 ,x is ! mo/ pa9ful duty ) me b ,i h to dis*>ge t duty kn[+ ! responsibility t re/$ ^u my %\ld]s4 ,& ,i wi% to endorse all ! blame t ! ,advocate-,g5]al has ?r[n on my %\ld]s 9 connection ) ! ,bombay occurr5ce1 ,madras occurr5ces1 & ! ,*\ri ,*\ra occurr5ces ?9k+ ov] ^! ?+s deeply1 & sleep+ ov] !m night aft] night & exam9+ my he>t ,i h come to ! conclusion t x is impossible = me to dissociate myself f ! diabolical crimes ( ,*\ri ,*\ra or ! mad outrages ( ,bombay4 ,he is q "r :5 he says t z a man ( responsibility1 a man hav+ receiv$ a fair %>e ( education1 hav+ _h a fair %>e ( exp]i5ce ( ?is _w1 ,i %\ld "k !m4 ,i knew t ,i 0 play+ ) fire4 ,i ran ! risk & if ,i 0 set free ,i w\ld /ill d ! same4 ,i w\ld be fail+ 9 my duty if ,i d n d s4 ,i h felt x ?is morn+ t ,i w\ld h fail$ 9 my duty if ,i did n say all :at ,i said "h j n[4 ,i want$ to avoid viol5ce4 ,non-viol5ce is ! fir/ article ( my fai?4 ,x is ! la/ article ( my fai?4 ,b ,i _h to make my *oice4 ,i _h ei!r to submit to a sy/em :i* ,i consid]$ has done an irrep>able h>m to my c\ntry or incur ! risk ( ! mad fury ( my p bur/+ =? :5 !y und]/ood ! tru? f my lips4 ,i "k t my p h sometimes gone mad4 ,i am deeply sorry = x2 & ,i am1 !re=e1 "h to submit n to a light p5alty b to ! highe/ p5alty4 ,i d n ask = m]cy4 ,i d n plead any ext5uat+ act4 ,i am "h1 !re=e1 to invite & submit to ! highe/ p5alty t c be inflict$ ^u me = :at 9 law is a delib]ate crime & :at appe>s to me to be ! highe/ duty ( a citiz54 ,! only c\rse op5 to y1 ,mr4 ,judge1 is1 z ,i am j go+ to say 9 my /atem5t1 ei!r to resign y\r po/ or inflict on me ! sev]e/ p5alty if y believe t ! sy/em & law y are assi/+ to adm9i/] are good = ! p4 ,i d n expect t k9d ( conv]sion4 ,b by ! "t ,i h f9i%$ ) my /atem5t y w1 p]haps1 h a glimpse ( :at is rag+ )9 my brea/ to run ?is madde/ risk :i* a sane man c run4 ,,writt5 ,,/atem5t ,i owe x p]haps to ! ,indian public & to ! public 9 ,engl& to placate :i* ?is prosecution is ma9ly tak5 up t ,i %\ld expla9 :y f a /aun* loyali/ & co-op]ator ,i h become an uncompromis+ disaffectioni/ & non-co-op]ator4 ,to ! ,c\rt too ,i %\ld say :y ,i plead guilty to ! *>ge ( promot+ disaffection t[>ds ! ,gov]nm5t e/abli%$ by law 9 ,india4 ,my public life began 9 #ahic 9 ,s\? ,africa 9 tr\bl$ wea!r4 ,my fir/ contact ) ,briti% au?ority 9 t c\ntry 0 n ( a happy "*4 ,i discov]$ t z a man & z an ,indian ,i _h no rights4 ,on ! contr>y ,i discov]$ t ,i _h no rights z a man because ,i 0 an ,indian4 ,b ,i 0 n baffl$4 ,i ?\ght t ?is treatm5t ( ,indians 0 an excresc5ce ^u a sy/em t 0 intr9sically & ma9ly good4 ,i gave ! ,gov]nm5t my volunt>y & he>ty co-op]ation1 criticis+ x fully :]e ,i felt x 0 faulty b nev] wi%+ its de/ruction4 ,consequ5tly :5 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,empire 0 ?reat5$ 9 #ahii by ! ,bo] *all5ge1 ,i (f]$ my s]vices to x1 rais$ a volunte] ambulance corps & s]v$ at sev]al actions t took place = ! relief ( ,ladysmi?4 ,simil>ly 9 #aijf at ! "t ( ! ,zulu revolt ,i rais$ a /ret*]-be>] p>ty & s]v$ till ! end ( ! 'rebellion'4 ,on bo? ^! occasions ,i receiv$ m$als & 0 ev5 m5tion$ 9 despat*es4 ,= my "w 9 ,s\? ,africa ,i 0 giv5 by ,"l ,h>d+e a ,kais]-i-,h9d ,gold ,m$al4 ,:5 ! w> broke out 9 #aiad betwe5 ,engl& & ,g]many ,i rais$ a volunte] ambulance corps 9 ,london consi/+ ( ! !n resid5t ,indians 9 ,london1 *iefly /ud5ts4 ,its "w 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! au?orities to be valuable4 ,la/ly 9 ,india :5 a special appeal 0 made at ! ,w> ,conf]5ce 9 ,delhi 9 #aiag by ,"l ,*elms=d = recruits1 ,i /ruggl$ at ! co/ ( my heal? to raise a corps 9 ,kh$a & ! response 0 be+ made :5 ! ho/ilities ceas$ & ord]s 7 receiv$ t no m recruits 7 want$4 ,9 all ^? ef=ts at s]vice ,i 0 actuat$ by ! belief t x 0 possible by su* s]vices to ga9 a /atus ( full equality 9 ! ,empire = my c\ntrym54 ,! fir/ %ock came 9 ! %ape ( ! ,r[lalt ,act a law design$ to rob ! p ( all real fre$om4 ,i felt call$ ^u to lead an int5sive agitation aga9/ x4 ,!n foll[$ ! ,punjab horrors beg9n+ ) ! massacre at ,jallianwala ,bagh & culm9at+ 9 brawl+ ord]s1 public flogg+s & o!r indescribable humiliations1 ,i discov]$ too t ! plight$ ^w ( ! ,prime ,m9i/] to ! ,mussalmans ( ,india reg>d+ ! integrity ( ,turkey & ! holy places ( ,islam 0 n likely to be fulfill$4 ,b 9 spite ( ! =ebod+ & ! grave w>n+s ( fri5ds1 at ! ,amrits> ,congress 9 #aiai ,i f\ght = co-op]ation & work+ ! ,montagu-,*elms=d re=ms1 hop+ t ! ,prime ,m9i/] w\ld r$eem 8 promise to ! ,indian ,mussalmans1 t ! ,punjab w\nd w\ld be heal$ & t ! re=ms inadequate & unsatisfactory ?\gh !y 71 m>k$ a new era ( hope 9 ! life ( ,india4 ,b all t hope 0 %att]$4 ,! ,khilafat promise 0 n to be r$eem$4 ,! ,punjab crime 0 :ite-wa%$ & mo/ culprits w5t n only unpuni%$ b rema9$ 9 s]vice & "s cont9u$ to draw p5sions f ! ,indian rev5ue1 & 9 "s cases 7 ev5 rew>d$4 ,i saw too t n only did ! re=ms n m>k a *ange ( he>t1 b !y 7 only a me?od ( fur!r dra9+ ,india ( h] weal? & ( prolong+ h] s]vitude4 ,i came reluctantly to ! conclusion t ! ,briti% connection _h made ,india m helpless ?an %e ev] 0 be=e1 politically & economically4 ,a dis>m$ ,india has no p[] ( resi/ance aga9/ any aggressor if %e want$ to engage 9 an arm$ conflict ) him4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case t "s ( our be/ m5 consid] t ,india mu/ take g5]ations be=e %e c a*ieve ! ,dom9ion /atus4 ,%e has become s poor t %e has little p[] ( resi/+ fam9es4 ,be=e ! ,briti% adv5t ,india spun & wove 9 h] millions ( cottages j ! supplem5t %e ne$$ = add+ to h] meagre agricultural res\rces4 ,! cottage indu/ry1 s vital = ,india's exi/5ce1 has be5 ru9$ by incr$ibly he>tless & inhuman processes z describ$ by ,engli% witnesses4 ,little d t[n-dwell]s "k h[ ! semi-/>v$ masses ( ,indians are sl[ly s9k+ to lifelessness4 ,little d !y "k t _! mis]able com=t repres5ts ! brok]age !y get = ! "w !y d = ! =eign exploit]1 t ! pr(its & ! brok]age are suck$ f ! masses4 ,little d !y realise t ! ,gov]nm5t e/abli%$ by law 9 ,briti% ,india is c>ri$ on = ?is exploitation ( ! masses4 ,no sophi/ry1 no juggl]y 9 figures c expla9 away ! evid5ce ! skeletons 9 _m villages pres5t to ! nak$ eye4 ,i h no d\bt :atsoev] t bo? ,engl& & ! t[n dwell]s ( ,india w h to answ]1 if !re is a ,god above1 = ?is crime aga9/ humanity :i* is p]haps unequall$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! law itself 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 us$ to s]ve ! =eign exploit]4 ,my unbias$1 exam9ation ( ! ,punjab ,m>tial ,law cases _h l$ me to believe t at lea/ n9ety-five p] c5t4 ( convictions 7 :olly bad4 ,my exp]i5ce ( political cases 9 ,india leads me to ! conclusion t 9 n9e out ( e t5 ! condemn$ m5 7 totally innoc5t4 ,_! crime consi/$ 9 love ( _! c\ntry4 ,9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( hundr$ ju/ice has be5 d5i$ to ,indians z aga9/ ,europeans 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,india4 ,?is is n an exagg]at$ picture4 ,x is ! exp]i5ce ( almo/ e ,indian :o has _h any?+ to d su* cases4 ,9 my op9ion ! adm9i/ration ( ! law is ?us pro/itut$ consci\sly or unconsci\sly = ! b5efit ( ! exploit]4 ,! greate/ mis=tune is t ,engli%m5 & _! ,indian associates 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry d n "k t !y are engag$ 9 ! crime ,i h attempt$ to describe4 ,i am satisfi$ t _m ,engli% & ,indian (ficials hone/ly believe t !y are adm9i/]+ "o ( ! be/ sy/ems devis$ 9 ! _w & t ,india is mak+ /eady ?\gh sl[ progress4 ,!y d n "k t a subtle b effective sy/em ( t]rorism & an organis$ display ( =ce on ! "o h& & ! deprivation ( all p[]s ( retaliation ( self-def5ce on ! o!r h emasculat$ ! p & induc$ 9 !m ! habit ( simulation4 ,?is awful habit has add$ to ! ignorance & ! self-deception ( ! adm9i/rators4 ,section #abd-;,a "u :i* ,i am happily *>g$ is p]haps ! pr9ce among ! political sections ( ! ,indian ,p5al ,code design$ to suppress ! lib]ty ( ! citiz54 ,affection _c be manufactur$ or regulat$ by law4 ,if "o has no affection = a p]son or ?+ "o %\ld be free to give ! fulle/ expression to 8 disaffection s long z he does n contemplate1 promote or incite to viol5ce4 ,b ! section "u :i* m]e promotion ( disaffection is a crime4 ,i h /udi$ "s ( ! cases tri$ "u x1 & ,i "k t "s ( ! mo/ lov$ ( ,india's patriots h be5 convict$ "u x4 ,i consid] x a privilege !re=e1 to be *>g$ "u x4 ,i h endeav\r$ to give 9 _! briefe/ outl9e ! reasons = my disaffection4 ,i h no p]sonal ill-w aga9/ any s+le adm9i/rator1 mu* less c ,i h any disaffection t[>ds ! ,k+'s p]son4 ,b ,i hold x to be a virtue to be disaffect$ t[>ds a ,gov]nm5t :i* 9 its totality has done m h>m to ,india ?an any previ\s sy/em4 ,india is less manly "u ! ,briti% rule ?an %e ev] 0 be=e4 ,hold+ su* a belief1 ,i consid] x to be a s9 to h affection = ! sy/em4 ,& x has be5 a preci\s privilege = me to be able to write :at ,i h 9 ! v>i\s articles t5d]$ 9 evid5ce aga9/ me4 ,9 fact ,i believe t ,i h r5d]$ a s]vice to ,india & ,engl& by %[+ 9 non-co-op]ation ! way out ( ! unnatural /ate 9 :i* bo? are liv+4 ,9 my humble op9ion1 non-co-op]ation ) evil is z mu* a duty z is co-op]ation ) good4 ,b 9 ! pa/1 non-co-op]ation has be5 delib]ately express$ 9 viol5ce to ! evil do]4 ,i am endeav\r+ to %[ to my c\ntrym5 t viol5t non-co-op]ation only multiplies evil & t z evil c only be su/a9$ by viol5ce1 )drawal ( support ( evil requires complete ab/5tion f viol5ce4 ,non-viol5t implies volunt>y submission to ! p5alty = non-co-op]ation ) evil4 ,i am "h1 !re=e1 to invite & submit *e]fully to ! highe/ p5alty t c he inflict$ ^u me = :at 9 law is a delib]ate crime & :at appe>s to me to be ! highe/ duty ( a citiz54 ,! only c\rse op5 to y1 ! ,judge & ! ,assessors1 is ei!r to resign y\r po/s & ?us dissociate y\rselves f evil if y feel t ! law y are call$ ^u to adm9i/] is an evil & t 9 reality ,i am innoc5t1 or to inflict on me ! sev]e/ p5alty if y believe t ! sy/em & ! law y are assi/+ to adm9i/] are good = ! p ( ?is c\ntry & t my activity is !re=e injuri\s to ! public weal4 ,m4 ,k4 ,,gh&i4