,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,brevi>y ,,by ,,rev4 ,e4,j4 ,,quigley #aibj ,,preface ,9 ! /udies prelim9>y to ord9ation1 ! greate/ "t & att5tion mu/ be giv5 to ! /udy ( ,dogmatic & ,moral ,!ology4 ,c]ta9 subjects1 su* z liturgy1 are always 9 dang] ( be+ %ort5$ or ( occupy+ a v small space 9 a college c\rse4 ,aft] ord9ation1 prie/s f9d t ^! subjects are ?+s ( daily & h\rly int]e/ & importance4 ,:o is x t does n "k t ! /udy ( ! ,mass & ! ,missal1 ( ! ,brevi>y1 its hi/ory & its cont5ts are /udies useful 9 8 daily (f]+ ( sacrifice & praise8 ,i hope t ?is book may s]ve z an introductory manual to ! /udy ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,x may be useful to junior /ud5ts 9 colleges1 9 giv+ !m "s k ( ! ,*ur*'s ,h\rs1 :i* !y assi/ at 9 _! college *oirs4 ,x may assi/ !m to "k & love ! (ficial pray]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & may help to =m dev\t habits ( recitation1 s t1 :5 ! obligation ( ! daily (fice is impos$ on !m1 !y may recite x digne1 att5te et devote4 ,! texts & int5tions may be an aid to !m1 & to /ud5ts 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 9 ! great & glori\s "w ( pi\s pray]4 ,p]haps1 ?is book may be a help to prie/s4 ,x is an attempt to br+ into "o h&y volume _m matt]s f\nd 9 sev]al volumes ( hi/ory1 liturgy1 !ology1 & ascetic lit]ature4 ,mu* ( x !y h met be=e1 b "s ( x may be new & may enable "s to pray m f]v5tly & to aid !m 9 ! difficult "w ( say+ ea* ,h\r & ea* "p ( an ,h\r ) att5tion & devotion4 ,"s ( ! pages may be to !m in/ructive1 & may give !m new ideas on su* po9ts z ! /ructure ( ! ,h\rs1 ! ,collects1 ! ,te ,deum1 ! ,an!ms ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 etc4 ,no book is faultless4 ,( ?is "o1 ,i c say ) ! ,psalmi/1 ,i /udi$ t ,i might "k ?is ?+1 x is a lab\r 9 my sight 7,psalm #gb74 ,& ,i c say x ) ,/4 ,columban1 ,totum1 dic]e volui 9 breve1 totem non potui4 ,9 ! book ,i quote ,c>d9al ,bona4 ,9 8 wond]ful ,r]um ,liturgic>um 7,,ii41 xx41 #f7 he wrote :at ,i add z a f9i%1 to ?is preface3-- ,saepe enim vol5ti et conanti vel +5ii vires vel r]um antiqu>um notitia vel alia subsidia defu]unt2 nec fi]i potuit qu9 p] loca salebrosa 9 t5ebris ambulans int]dum (f5d]im1 ,cum aliquid incautius et negl5tius a me scriptum (f5d]it1 ignoscat primum lector1 de9de amica manu corrigat et em5dat et quae omisi suppleat4 ,e4,j4,q4 ,,rockcorry1 ,,co4 ,,monaghan4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions4 ,i4 ,idea ( ! ,brevi>y ,,ii4 ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,div9e praise 9 g5]al1 ( ! ,brevi>y 9 p>ticul> ,,iii4 ,! excell5ce ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y 9 itself & 9 comp>ison ) o!rs ,respect due to ! sacr$ volume ,,iv4 #a4 ,! cont5ts ( ! ,brevi>y #b4 ,! ecclesia/ical ye> & its p>ts2 ! cal5d> #c4 ,g5]al ,rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y ,title ,i4 ,! d\ble (fice ,,ii4 ,! (fice ( a semi-d\ble ,,iii4 ,! (fice ( a simple ,,iv4 ,! (fice ( ,sunday ,v4 ,! f]ial (fice ,,vi4 ,! (fice ( vigils ,,vii4 ,octaves ,,viii4 ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 = ,saturdays ,,ix4 ,commemorations ,x4 ,! ,translation ( ,fea/s ,,xi4 ,concurr5ce ( (fice ,,xii4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! (fice ,,xiii4 ,mat9s ,,xiv4 ,lauds ,,xv4 ,prime ,,xvi4 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none ,,xvii4 ,vesp]s ,,xviii4 ,compl9e ,,xix4 ,! ,invitatory ,,xx4 ,hymns ,,xxi4 ,antiphons ,,xxii4 ,psalms ,,xxiii4 ,canticles ,,xxiv4 ,v]sicle & responds ,,xxv4 ,absolutions & ,b5$ictions ,,xxvi4 ,! ,lessons ,,xxvii4 ,! responses aft] ! lessons ,,xxviii4 ,! %ort responses aft] ! h\rs ,,xxix4 ,capitulum ,,xxx4 ,oratio1 collects ,,xxxi4 ,! ,hymn ,te ,deum ,,xxxii4 ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave ,,xxxiii4 ,! ,apo/les' ,cre$ & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ ,,xxxiv4 ,! ,preces ,,xxxv4 ,! suffrages ( ! sa9ts ,,xxxvi4 ,! antiphons ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,,xxxvii4 ,! little (fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,rules ,,f ,,moral ,,& ,,ascetic ,,!ology ,,= ,,! ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,:o are b\nd to say ! (fice8 ,mu/ e hold] ( a b5efice read ! (fice8 ,:at s9 is committ$ by ! omission ( a notable "p8 ,:at s9s are committ$ by ! omission ( ! :ole (fice8 ,:at mu/ a p]son d :o has a d\bt ab\t omissions8 ,does a p]son1 :o recites by mi/ake1 an (fice o!r ?an t prescrib$ fulfil 8 obligation8 ,:at causes ju/ify an inv]sion ( ! h\rs8 ,is x a s9 to say ,mat9s ( foll[+ day be=e f9i%+ ,compl9e ( ! curr5t day8 ,:at is ! "t fix$ = recitation ( ! ,(fice8 ,:5 may a prie/ beg9 ! recitation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds = ! foll[+ day8 ,:at is true "t z reg>ds recitation ( ! (fice8 ,are prie/s b\nd to recite ,mat9s & ,lauds be=e ,mass8 ,at :at "t %\ld ! little h\rs be said8 ,:]e %\ld ! (fice be recit$8 ,:at k9d ( v]bal pronunciation %\ld be att5d$ to8 ,may ! recitation be int]rupt$8 ,may ,mat9s be sep>at$ f ,lauds )\t cause8 ,is int5tion requir$ 9 read+ ! h\rs8 ,is att5tion requir$8 ext]nal8 int]nal8 sup]ficial att5tion1 lit]al att5tion8 ,op9ions ( !ologians on necess>y att5tion4 ,di/ractions1 volunt>y & involunt>y4 ,does a p]son recit+ ! h\rs s91 if he h di/ractions8 ,causes excus+ f read+ ! h\rs4 ,scruples & ! direction ( ! scrupul\s4 ,,art4 ,i4 ,,rules ,,fob ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,h\rs4 #a4 ,! words read4 #b4 ,to :om we speak4 #c4 ,we pray 9 ! "n ( ! *ur*4 #d4 ,our associates on e>?4 #e4 ,! purpose ( our pray]4 #f4 ,x gives glory to ,god & draws d[n 8 bless+s4 #g4 ,x br+s help to ^? :o recite x f]v5tly4 ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,means ,,to ,,adopt ,,( ,,pi\s ,,recitation4 ,a4 ,be=e ,recitation4 #a4 ,purify consci5ce4 #b4 ,mortification ( passions4 #c4 ,gu>d+ ! s5ses4 #d4 ,k ( ! "w t is to be done4 ,b4 ,,! ,,imm$iate ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,! ,,recitation4 #a4 ,read+ ! ,ordo ,recit&i (ficium4 #b4 ,to recollect ourselves4 #c4 ,to invoke ,god's aid4 #d4 ,to unite ourselves ) ,*ri/4 #e4 7a7 ,*ri/ our model 9 pray]4 7b7 ,our pray]s to be (f]$ ?r\gh him4 7c7 ,*ur* wi%es ?is & practices x ev]4 7d7 ,lives ( sa9ts %[ h[ !y unit$ ) ,*ri/ 9 pray]4 7e7 ,remembrance ( ! sublime "w we engage 94 7f7 ,to propose g5]al1 special & p>ticul> int5tions4 ,,art4 ,,iii4 ,,aids ,,dur+ ,,! ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,h\rs4 7a7 ,suitable place4 7b7 ,respectful & dev\t attitude4 7c7 ,sl[1 delib]ate pronunciation4 7d7 ,di/ractions4 7e7 ,to apply ! m9d to :at is read4 7f7 ,to read )\t critical judgm5ts4 7g7 ,to ?9k ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 7h7 ,to ?9k ( ! pres5ce ( ,god & ( our ,angel ,gu>dian4 ,,art4 ,,iv4 ,,aft] ,,say+ ,,! ,,(fice4 #a4 ,?anks to ,god4 #b4 ,ask 8 p>don = faults4 #c4 ,say ! ,sacro-sanctae4 #d4 ,! ,sacro-sanctae4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,canonical ,,h\rs4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,mat9s 7,,title ,,xiii74 ,p>ts ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave 7,title ,,xxxii7 ,cr$o 7,title ,,xxxiii7 ,dom9e labia mea--,deus 9 ,invitatory 7,title ,,xix7 ,hymns 7,title ,,xx7 ,antiphons 7,title ,,xxi7 ,psalms 7,title ,,xxii7 ,canticles ,replies ( ,biblical ,commission on ,psalms ,v]sicles & responds 7,title ,,xxiv7 ,absolutions & bless+s 7,title ,,xxv7 ,lessons 7,title ,,xxiv7 ,responses 7,title ,,xxiv7 ,rubrics & ,symbolism ,te ,deum 7,title ,,xxxi7 ,texts & ,int5tions ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,lauds ,,& ,,prime ,,titles 7,,xiv ,,& ,,xv74 ,lauds4 ,etymology1 ,def9ition1 ,symbolism1 ,orig91 ,antiquity4 ,reasons = ,h\r1 ,/ructure1 ,rubrics ,antiphons1 ,capitulum 7,title ,,xxx7 ,b5$ictus ,oratio1 ,collect 7,title ,,xxx7 ,rubrics & explanation ( ,rubrics ,texts & ,int5tions ,prime4 ,etymology1 ,orig91 ,cont5ts1 ,/ructure ,a?anasian ,cre$ 7,title ,,xxxiii7 ,reasons = ! ,morn+ ,h\r & ,rubrics ,preces 7,title ,,xxxiv71 ,confiteor ,/ructure & ,%ort ,lesson ,texts & ,int5tions ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,t]ce1 ,,sext1 ,,none 7,,title ,,xvi74 ,t]ce4 ,etymology1 ,/ructure1 ,antiquity4 ,reasons = ,h\r ,texts & int5tions ,sext4 ,etymology1 /ructure1 antiquity ,reasons = ,h\r ,texts & int5tions ,none4 ,etymology1 /ructure1 antiquity ,reasons = ,h\r ,texts & int5tions ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,vesp]s ,,& ,,compl9e ,,page 7,,title ,,xvii-,,xviii74 ,vesp]s4 ,etymology1 /ructure1 antiquity4 ,reasons = ,h\r ,texts & int5tions ,compl9e4 ,etymology1 /ructure1 antiquity ,reasons = ,h\r ,suffrages ( ! ,sa9ts 7,title ,,vii7 ,an!ms ( ,bless$ ,virg9 ,texts & int5tions ,! ,little ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 7,title ,,xxvii7 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,heortology4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,a4 ,,prop] ,,( ,,! ,,"t4 ,adv5t ,*ri/mas ,/4 ,/eph52 ,/4 ,john2 ,circumcision2 ,epiphany2 ,septuagesima2 ,l5t2 ,ea/] & ,pas*al ,times2 ,asc5sion2 ,:it ,sunday2 ,tr9ity ,sunday ,b4 ,,prop] ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts4 ,decemb]2 ,janu>y2 ,febru>y2 ,m>*2 ,may2 ,june2 ,july2 ,augu/2 ,octob]2 ,novemb] ,,rogation ,,days ,,& ,,litanies ,,note ,a4 ,brevi>y ,hymns4 ,,note ,b4 ,p>ticul> ,exam54 ,,note ,c4 ,bibliography4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions4 ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,etymology4--,! ^w1 ,brevi>y1 comes f an old ,lat9 ^w1 ,brevi>ium1 an abridgm5t1 a comp5dium4 ,! "n 0 giv5 to ! ,div9e ,(fice1 because x is an abridgm5t or ab/ract made f holy scripture1 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 ! lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,! ^w _h v>i\s mean+s assign$ to x by e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 b ! title1 ,brevi>y1 z x is employ$ to-day--t is1 a book conta9+ ! entire canonical (fice--appe>s to date f ! elev5? c5tury4 ,probably x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ?is s5se to d5ote ! abridgm5t made by ,pope ,sa9t ,gregory ,,vii4 7#ajac-ajhe71 ab\t ! ye> #ajhj4 ,def9ition4--,! ,brevi>y may be def9$ z ! collection ( vocal pray]s e/abli%$ by ! ,*ur*1 :i* mu/ be recit$ daily by p]sons deput$ = t purpose4 ,explanation ( ! ,def9ition4--,pray]s1 ?is ^w includes n only ! pray]s prop]ly s call$1 b also1 ! :ole matt] ( ! div9e (fice4 ,vocal1 ! ,*ur* ord]s ! vocal recitation1 ! pronunciation ( ea* ^w4 ,e/abli%$ by ! ,*ur*1 to di/+ui% ! (ficial pray]s ( obligation f ^? :i* ! fai?ful may *oose accord+ to _! ta/e4 ,:i* mu/ be recit$1 = ! recitation is /rictly obligatory4 ,daily1 ! ,*ur* has fix$ ^! pray]s = e day ( ! ye>1 & ev5 = c]ta9 h\rs ( ! day4 ,by p]sons deput$ = t purpose1 !re=e1 p]sons 9 holy ord]s recite ^! pray]s n 9 _! own "n1 b z repres5tatives ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,diff]5t ,names = ! ,brevi>y4--,?is book :i* is1 ) u1 commonly call$ ! ,brevi>y1 has borne & /ill be>s diff]5t names1 among/ bo? ,lat9s & ,greeks4 ,among/ ! ,lat9s1 ! recitation ( ! ,brevi>y 0 call$ ! ,(fice 7(ficium71 t is1 ! duty1 ! function1 ! (fice2 because x is1 p> excell5ce1 ! duty1 function & (fice ( p]sons consecrat$ to ,god4 ,?is is ! olde/ & mo/ univ]sal "n = ! ,brevi>y & its recitation4 ,x 0 call$1 too1 ! ,div9e ,(fice 7(ficium div9um71 because x has ,god = its pr9cipal object & is recit$ by p]sons consecrat$ to ,god4 ,x is call$ ! ecclesia/ical (fice 7(ficium ecclesia/icum71 because x 0 in/itut$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,o!r names 71 ,opus ,dei2 ,ag5da2 ,p5sum s]vitutis2 ,horae2 ,horae ,canonicae4 ,:i* books 7 employ$ 9 old5 times 9 recit+ ! ,(fice8 ,be=e ! elev5? c5tury ! pray]s ( ! ,div9e ,(fice 7 n all conta9$ 9 "o book1 z !y are n[ 9 ! ,brevi>y1 :i* is an abridgm5t or comp5dium ( sev]al books4 ,! recitation ( ! ,(fice requir$ ! ,psalt]y1 ! ,lection>y1 ! ,book ( ,homilies1 ! ,leg5d>y1 ! ,antiphon>ium1 ! ,hymnal1 ! ,book ( ,collects1 ! ,m>tyrology1 ! ,rubrics4 ,! ,psalt]y conta9$ ! psalms2 ! ,lection>y 7?irte5? c5tury7 conta9$ ! lessons ( ! fir/ & second nocturn2 ! ,book ( ,homilies1 ! homilies ( ! ,fa!rs2 ! ,leg5d>y 7be=e ! ?irte5? c5tury71 ! lives ( ! sa9ts read on _! fea/ days4 ,! ,hymnal conta9$ hymns2 ! ,book ( ,collects1 pray]s1 collects & *apt]s2 ! ,m>tyrology conta9$ ! names ) brief lives ( ! m>tyrs2 ! ,rubrics1 ! rules to be foll[$ 9 ! recitation ( ! ,(fice4 ,to-day1 we h traces ( ?is anci5t cu/om 9 our diff]5t *oir books1 ! ,psalt]1 ! ,gradual1 ! ,antiphon>ium4 ,!re 7 n /&>d editions ( ^! old books1 & great div]sities ( use & text 7 9 exi/5ce4 ,divisions ( ! ,div9e ,(fice4--,h[ is ! daily ,(fice divid$8 ,! ,(fice is divid$ into ! night ,(fice & ! day ,(fice4 ,! night ,(fice is s call$ because x 0 orig9ally recit$ at night4 ,x embraces ?ree nocturns & ,lauds4 ,! day ,(fice embraces ,prime1 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none1 ,vesp]s1 & ,compl9e4 ,p>ts or ,h\rs ( ! ,(fice4--,h[ _m p>ts or h\rs g to make up ! ,(fice8 ,rome c\nts sev51 & sev5 only2 & ?is is ! numb] commonly c\nt$ by liturgi/s & !ologians4 ,!y reckon ,mat9s & ,lauds z "o h\r4 ,! old writ]s on liturgy ask ! "q3 ,:y has ! ,*ur* reckon$ sev5 h\rs only8 ,_! replies are summ>is$ well by ,newman3 ,9 subsequ5t times ! h\rs ( pray] 7 gradually develop$ f ! ?ree or 7) midnight7 ! f\r seasons above enum]at$ to sev51 viz43--by ! addition ( ,prime 7! fir/ h\r71 ,vesp]s 7! ev5+71 & ,compl9e 7b$time7 accord+ to ! words ( ! ,psalm--',sev5 times a day d ,i praise !e1 because ( ?y righte\s judgm5ts4' ,o!r pi\s & in/ructive reasons exi/$1 or h s9ce be5 p]ceiv$1 = ?is numb]4 ,x 0 a memorial ( ! sev5 days ( creation2 x 0 an hon\r done to ! sev5 petitions giv5 u by our ,"l 9 ,8 pray]2 x 0 a mode ( plead+ = ! influ5ce ( t ,_s1 :o is reveal$ to u z sev5fold2 on ! o!r h&1 x 0 a pres]vative aga9/ ^? sev5 evil spirits :i* are apt to return to ! exorcis$ s\l1 m wick$ ?an he :o has be5 driv5 out ( x2 & x 0 a fit rem$y ( ^? successive falls :i*1 scripture says1 happ5 to ! 'j man' daily4 7,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 #ge4 ,on ! ,roman ,brevi>y47 ,matut9a ligat ,*ri/um qui crim9a purgat1 ,prima replet sputis4 ,causam dat ,t]tia mortis4 ,sexta cruci nectit4 ,latus ejus ,nona bip]tit4 ,vesp]a deponit4 ,tumulo completa reponit4 ,haec sunt sept5is propt] quae psallimus horas4 ,at ,mat9s b\nd2 at ,prime revil$2 ,condemn$ to dea? at ,ti]ce2 ,nail$ to ! ,cross at ,sext2 at ,none ,8 bless$ ,side !y pi]ce4 ,!y take him d[n at ,vesp]-tide2 ,9 grave at ,compl9e lay1 ,:o !nce=? bids ,8 ,*ur* obs]ve ,! sev5fold h\rs alway4 7,gloss4 ,cap4 ,i4 ,de ,missa7 ,?us1 ?is old au?or connects ! sev5 h\rs ) ! sc5es ( ! ,passion4 ,ano!r au?or f9ds 9 ! h\rs a rem9d] & a w>n+ t we %\ld devote e /age ( our lives to ,god4 ,= ! sev5 canonical h\rs1 he writes1 be> a /rik+ resemblance to ! sev5 ages ( man4 ,mat9s1 ! night (fice1 typifies ! pre-natal /age ( life4 ,lauds1 ! (fice ( dawn1 seems to resemble ! beg9n+s ( *ildhood4 ,prime recalls to him y\?4 ,t]ce1 recit$ :5 ! sun is high 9 ! heav5s %$d+ brilliant light1 symbolises e>ly manhood ) its /r5g? & glory4 ,sext typifies mature age4 ,none1 recit$ :5 ! sun is decl9+1 sugge/s man 9 8 middle age4 ,vesp]s rem9ds all ( decrepit age glid+ g5tly d[n to ! grave4 ,compl9e1 night pray] said be=e sleep1 %\ld rem9d u ( ! great night1 dea?4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,div9e ,,praise ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y ,,9 ,,p>ticul>4 ,f all et]nity ! ,godhead 0 prais$ ) ineffable praise by ! ,tr9ity--! ?ree div9e ,p]sons4 ,! angels f ! fir/ mom5t ( ! creation sang ,god's praises4 ,sanctus1 sanctus1 sanctus1 ,dom9us ,deus1 ,sabao?4 ,pl5a e/ omnis t]ra gloria ejus 7,isaias vi4 #c74 ,c>d9al ,bona writes t ,adam & ,eve bless$ & prais$ ,god1 _! ,creator4 ,= ,god creat$ ! fir/ human be+s1 & creat$ 9 !m ! k ( ! ,_s ( ,god t !y might praise ! "n :i* ,he has sanctifi$ & glory 9 ,8 wondr\s acts 7,ecclesia/icus xvii4 #f-h71 ,e page ( ! ,old ,te/am5t tells h[ ! *os5 race wor%ipp$ ,god4 ,we read ( ! sacrifices ( ,ca91 ,abel1 ,eno*1 ,noe2 ( ! famili> int]c\rse :i* ! great patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob _h ) ,god4 ,record$1 too1 are ! solemn songs & pray]s ( ,moses ?ank+ ,god = ,8 guidance 9 ! fre$om f ! slav]y ( ,egypt 7,exodus xv474 ,david1 "u ,god's inspiration1 compos$ ^? noble songs ( praise1 ! ,psalms1 & organis$ *oirs = _! r5d]+4 ,he s+s ,ev5+ & morn+ & at noon ,i w speak & decl>e & ,he %all he> my voice 7,psalm #ed1 v4 #ah72 ,i rose at midnight to give praise to ,!e 7,psalm #aah1 v4 #afb72 ,sev5 times a day ,i h giv5 praise to ,!e 7,psalm #aah1 v4 #afd74 ,! ,prophet ,daniel1 a captive 9 ,babylon1 pray$ ?rice daily1 8 face turn$ to ,j]usalem4 ,! ,israelites1 captives 9 ,babylon ) ,nehemias1 rose up & read 9 ! book ( ! ,law ( ! ,"l _! ,god1 f\r times 9 ! day1 & f\r times !y confess$ & ador$ ! ,"l _! ,god 7,,ii4 ,esdras ix4 #c74 ,h5ce1 ! ,jewi% day1 made up z x 0 ) sacrifices1 libations1 oblations1 purifications1 & public & private pray]1 0 a day ( pray]4 ,9 ^! public meet+s !y sang ,god's praises1 sang ( ,8 glory & ( ,8 m]cy4 ,sometimes !y spoke ) lov+ famili>ity1 sometimes !y pray$ on b5d$ knee1 sometimes !y /ood & plead$ ) out/ret*$ h&s1 p\r+ out ! pray]s inspir$ by ,god ,himself4 ,9 ! ,new ,law our ,savi\r is ! model ( pray]1 ! true ador] ( ,8 ,fa!r4 ,he alone c wor?ily adore & praise because ,he alone has ! necess>y p]fection4 ,night & day ,he set example to ,8 foll[]s4 ,he w>n$ !m to wat* & pray2 ,he taught !m h[ to pray2 ,he gave !m a =m ( pray]2 ,he pray$ 9 life & at dea?4 ,8 apo/les1 tra9$ 9 ! practices ( ! synagogue1 7 p]fect$ by ! example & ! exhortations ( ,*ri/4 ,?is tea*+ & example are %[n 9 effect :5 ! assembl$ apo/les 7 at ! ?ird h\r ( ! day pray+ 7,acts ii4 #ae72 :5 ab\t ! six? h\r ,pet] w5t to pray 7,acts x4 #i74 ,9 ! ,acts ( ,apo/les we see h[ ,pet] & ,john w5t at ! n9? h\r to ! temple to pray4 ,/4 ,paul 9 prison sang ,god's praises at midnight1 & he insi/s on 8 conv]ts s++ 9 _! assembly psalms & hymns 7,ephes4 v4 #ai2 ,col4 ,iii4 #af2 ,i4 ,cor4 xiv4 #bf74 ,:at =m did ! public pray]s1 :i* we may call ! div9e (fice1 take 9 ! "t ( ! ,apo/les8 ,x is impossible to say4 ,b x is c]ta9 #aj t !re 7 public pray]s1 #bj t !y 7 (f]$ up daily 9 c]ta9 det]m9$ places & at fix$ h\rs1 #cj t ^! public pray]s consi/$ pr9cipally ( ! ,psalms1 hymns1 canticles1 extracts f ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & probably ! ,cre$1 #dj t ^! public pray]s v>i$ 9 duration accord+ to ! w ( ! bi%op or ma/] :o presid$4 ,! weekly commemoration ( ,*ri/'s resurrection1 ! ye>ly recurr5ce ( ! memory ( ! great facts ( ,*ri/'s life1 ! daily sanctification ( ! h\rs ( ! day1 ea* l$ ! ,*ri/ian to draw ^u ! h\rs ( ! ,psalt]1 & :51 gradually1 fix$ h\rs = daily pray] pass$ beyond ! home circle & ) gr\ps ( ascetics ent]$ ! public *ur*es1 x 0 f ! ,psalt] t ! songs ( praise 7 drawn1 & f ! ,psalms 7 add$ a s]ies ( canticles1 tak5 f ! books ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts1 & ?us1 long ages be=e any /]eotyp$ arrangem5t ( ! ,psalms exi/$1 assign+ p>ticul> ,psalms to p>ticul> days or h\rs1 ! ,psalms 7 fe$+ ! piety ( ! fai?ful & tea*+ m5 to pray 7,! ,new ,psalt]--,burton & ,my]s74 ,9 ?is matt] ( public pray]1 x is h>d = u to realise ! bookless condition ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians & _! difficulties4 ,x 0 tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion be=e ! fir/ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 writt51 & _m ye>s mu/ h elaps$ be=e _! wide diffusion2 h5ce1 9 _! bookless & guideless condition ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 advis$ to use ! ,psalms 9 _! new devotional life 7,ephes4 v4 #ai2 ,col4 iii4 #af2 ,/4 ,james1 v4 #ac74 ,! fir/ cle> evid5ce ( a division ( ! ,psalt] = use 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* is f\nd 9 ! "w ( ,/4 ,b5$ict 7#dhj-edc74 ,he _h sp5t 8 y\? ne> ,rome1 & keep+ 8 eye on ! ,roman usage he assign$ ! ,psalms to ! v>i\s canonical h\rs & to diff]5t days ( ! week4 ,! antiphons he drew f exi/+ s\rces1 & ( c\rse ! canonical h\rs 7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 8 arrangem5t1 ! :ole ,psalt] 0 read weekly1 & ! :ole ,bible1 ) suitable patri/ic selections1 0 read e ye>4 ,he also arrang$ ! ,sunday1 ,fe/al & ,f]ial (fices4 ,= ! recitation ( ! (fices ( a sa9t's day1 ,/4 ,b5$ict arrang$ t ! ,mat9s %all h ! same =m z a ,sunday (fice--i4e41 ?ree nocturns1 twelve lessons & responsories1 b ! psalms1 antiphons & lessons are prop] to ea* sa9t4 ,?is arrangem5t int]rupt$ ! weekly recitation ( ! :ole psalt]1 & caus$ great difficulty 9 lat] times2 = :5 ! fea/s increas$ 9 numb] ! f]ial psalt] fell almo/ into complete disuse4 ,/4 ,b5$ict's arrangem5t ( ! psalms & 8 o!r liturgical regulations spread rapidly1 b ! ,roman secul> (fice nev] adopt$ 8 arrangem5t ( ! psalms1 nor 8 inclusion ( hymns1 until ab\t ! ye> #aade4 ,9 "s details ea* (fice %[s its indep5d5t hi/ory4 ,x is a matt] ( dispute among liturgi/s :e!r ,prime & ,compl9e 7 add$ to ! ,roman secul> (fice ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,b5$ict9es 7,baudot1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y1 pp4 #ai-bf74 ,! p]iod foll[+ ! dea? ( ,/4 ,b5$ict 9 #edc is a p]iod ( :i* little is kn[n4 ,we repeat ) ,dom ,baum] 7vol4 i41 pp4 #bii-cjj7 t ! fif? c5tury1 at ,rome z else:]e1 0 a p]iod ( great liturgical activity1 :ile ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies 71 view$ f ?is po9t ( view1 a p]iod ( decl9e 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 p4 #ec74 ,! lab\rs ( ,/4 ,b5$ict probably 7 cont9u$ & p]fect$ by ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great 7#eij-fjd74 ,8 lab\rs are summ$ up by ,dom ,baum] 7,hi/oire du ,brevi>e1 vol4 i41 pp4 #bhi1 #cja-cjc73 ,x is he :o collect$ toge!r ! pray]s & liturgical usages ( 8 pr$ecessors & assign$ to ea* its prop] place1 & ?us ! liturgy owes its pres5t =m to him4 ,! liturgical *ant also be>s 8 "n1 because ?r\gh 8 means x rea*$ its highe/ /ate ( developm5t4 ,! canonical h\rs & ! =mul>y ( ! ,mass n[ 9 use 7 also c>efully arrang$ by him4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,we/]n liturgy supports u 9 ma9ta9+ t ^! books receiv$ f ! great ,pope or f "o ( 8 contempor>ies a =m :i* nev] aft]w>ds und]w5t any radical or ess5tial alt]ation4 ,! ,roman (fice spread quickly ?r\gh ,europe4 ,! en?usiasm ( ,gregory became root$ 9 ! mona/]ies1 :]e ! monks le>n$ & taught1 ) k & ) zeal1 8 liturgical re=ms4 ,two important re=ms ( mona/ic practice are int]e/+ z %[+ fur!r progress 9 ! evolution ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,/4 ,b5$ict ( ,aniane 7#gea-hba71 ! fri5d & advis] ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s1 became a re=m] ( ,b5$ict9e rule & practice4 ,8 rule aim$ at a rigid uni=mity1 ev5 9 detail4 ,& ! ,c\ncil ( ,aix-la-,*apelle 7#hag7 help$ him to e/abli% 8 re=ms4 ,z a result ( ! sa9t's ex]tions ! ,p5it5tial ,psalms & ,(fice ( ! ,dead 7 made "p ( ! daily mona/ic (fice4 ,! ,abbey ( ,cluny1 f\nd$ 9 #iaj1 suppli$ a fur!r re=m t5d+ to gu>d ! (fice f fur!r accretions4 ,did ,hildebr&1 ,pope ,gregory ,,vii4 7#ajgc-ajhf71 lab\r = liturgical re=m8 ,liturgical writ]s give v diff]5t replies4 ,monsignor ,battifol 7,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 ,engli% edition1 p4 #aeh7 ma9ta9s t ,gregory made no re=m1 & t ! ,roman (fice su* z we h se5 x to be 9 ! times ( ,*>lemagne held its gr\nd at ,rome itself1 9 ! cu/oms ( ! basilicas1 )\t any s5sible modification1 ?r\gh\t ! t5? & elev5? c5turies & ev5 d[n to ! close ( ! twelf?4 ,dom ,gu]ang] holds t ,gregory abridg$ ! ord] ( pray]s & simplifi$ ! liturgy = ! use ( ! ,roman curia4 ,x w\ld be difficult at ! pres5t "t to asc]ta9 accurately ! complete =m ( ! (fice be=e ?is revision1 b s9ce !n x has rema9$ almo/ id5tical ) :at x 0 at ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,dom ,baum] agrees ) 8 ,b5$ict9e bro!r t ,gregory wr\ght = liturgical re=m4 ,probably ,pope ,gregory ,,vii41 kn[+ ! decad5ce :i* 0 manife/ 9 liturgical ex]cises 9 ,rome dur+ ! t5? & elev5? c5turies1 decid$ to revise ! old ,roman (fice :i*1 al?\gh x _h decay$ 9 ,rome1 fl\ri%$ 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,h5ce1 9 8 ,l5t5 ,synod1 #ajgd1 he promulgat$ ! rules he _h already drawn up = ! ,regul> ,canons ( ,rome1 ord]+ !m to return to ! old ,roman rite4 ,?us he may be c\nt$ z a re=m]1 b n z an innovat] nor an abridg]4 ,b 8 re=m fell on evil days4 ,! great /ruggle betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate ab\t lay inve/itures _h a baneful influ5ce on liturgy1 ev5 9 ,rome itself4 ,! times seem$ to call = a mod]nis$ 7i4e41 a %ort5$7 (fice4 ,! mod]nis]s respect$ ! psalt]1 ! curtailm5t 0 9 ! ,lection>y4 ,! mod]nis+ _s %[$ itself 9 ! arrangem5t & bulk ( ! (fice books4 ,! ,psalt]1 ,antiphon>y1 ,responsorial1 ,bible & ,book ( ,homilies 7 gradually codifi$4 ,ev5 !n1 a v l>ge volume 0 ! result4 ,aft] a "t ! *ant1 :i* absorb$ mu* space1 0 remov$ f ! volume1 b ! result+ volume1 noticeably small]1 0 n yet small en\gh4 ,9 "t1 only ! op5+ words ( ! antiphons1 responsories & v]sicles 7 pr9t$1 & to ! volume ?us turn$ out 0 giv5 ! "n ,brevi>y4 ,! ,curial ,brevi>y 0 drawn up 9 ?is way to make x suitable = p]sons engag$ 9 outdoor pursuits & j\rneys4 ,x gradually displac$ ! *oir (fice 9 ,rome1 & ,rome's example 0 univ]sally foll[$4 ,?is ,curial ,brevi>y 0 adopt$ by ! ,franciscans 9 _! active lives4 ,!y *ang$ ! text ( ! ,psalt] only1 ,psalt]ium ,romanum1 to ! m approv$ text1 ! ,psalt]ium ,gallicanum4 ,! improv$ ,curial ,brevi>y 0 impos$ on ! *ur*es ( ,rome by ! ,franciscan ,pope1 ,ni*olas ,,iii4 7#abgg-abhj71 & h5ce=? x is call$ ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,?us we see t ! book us$ daily by prie/s got its "n 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 al?\gh ! div9e (fice is almo/ f ,apo/olic times4 ,b liturgy is a progressive /udy1 a progressive practice capable & wor?y ( p]fect+4 ,& ! fri>s /rove = ! great] p]fection & beauty ( ! new ,brevi>y4 ,!y add$ v>iety to ! unity already a*iev$ & yet did n rea* liturgical p]fection nor liturgical beauty4 ,!y load$ ! ,brevi>y by introduc+ sa9ts' days ) n9e lessons1 ?us avoid+ (fices ( ?ree lessons4 ,& by keep+ octave days & days )9 ! octave z fea/s ( n9e lessons1 !y almo/ entirely de/roy$ ! weekly recitation ( ! psalt]2 & a l>ge portion ( ! ,brevi>y ceas$ to be us$ at all4 ,! ,franciscan book became v popul> ow+ to its h&y =m4 ,inde$ its use 0 almo/ univ]sal 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,b ! multiplication ( sa9ts' (fices1 univ]sal & local1 no fix$ /&>d to guide ! recital1 & ! w>s ( liturgi/s1 made *aos & turmoil4 ,liturgical re=m became an urg5t ne$4 ,ev]yone recit+ ! canonical h\rs long$ = a great & dra/ic *ange4 ,! ,humani/s1 ,c>d9al ,bembo 7#adgj-aedi71 ,f]r]i1 ,bess>ion1 & ,pope ,leo ,x4 7#aeac-aeba7 consid]$ ! big faults ( ! ,brevi>y to lie 9 its b>b>\s ,lat9ity4 ,!y wi%$ ! ,lessons to be writt5 ,9 ,cic]onian /yle & ! hymns to be modell$ on ! ,odes ( ,horace4 ,f]r]i's attempt at re=m+ ! ,brevi>y dealt ) ! hymns1 "s ( :i* he re-wrote 9 v noble language1 b he 0 s /eep$ 9 pagan my?ology t he ev5 introduc$ hea!n expressions & allusions1 ,8 "w 0 a failure4 ,! traditional s*ool repres5t$ by ,ra\l ( ,tongres1 ,bur*>d1 ,c>affa1 & ,john ,de ,arze lov$ ! pa/ ) s great a love t !y refus$ to c\nt5ance any notable re=ms1 ,a ?ird s*ool1 ! mod]ate s*ool1 0 repres5t$ by ,c>d9al ,pole1 ,cont>9i1 ,sadolet & ,quignonez1 a ,spani% c>d9al :o _h be5 ,g5]al ( ! ,franciscans4 ,! "w ( re=m ( ! ,brevi>y 0 und]tak5 by ,c>d9al ,quignonez 7#adhb-aedj74 ,he 0 a man ( great p]sonal piety & possess$ a love = liturgy & an accurate k ( its hi/ory1 its ess5tials1 & its acquir$ defects4 ,aft] sev5 ye>s' lab\r at ! matt] & =m ( ! ,brevi>y1 8 "w1 ,quignonez's ,brevi>y 7,brev>ium ,romanum a ,francisco ,c>d9ali ,quignonio7 appe>$ 9 #aece4 ,x 0 = private use only1 & 0 n int5d$ z a *oir manual4 ,yet s popul> 0 8 "w t1 9 #aecf1 six editions _h appe>$1 & 9 ?irty-?ree ye>s 7until its suppression by ,/4 ,pius ,v17 x w5t ?r\gh no less ?an a hundr$ editions4 ,its imm5se success %[s h[ mu* ! ne$ ( ,brevi>y *ange & re=m 0 felt by ! cl]gy4 ,! book1 too1 _h an important influ5ce on %ap+ ! ,brevi>y produc$ by ,pius ,v4 7#aeff-aegb74 ,quignonez's book 0 reproduc$ ) ! v>iations ( ! f\r e>lie/ editions1 by ! ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press 9 #ahhh4 ,x is an int]e/+ /udy 9 itself & 9 comp>ison ) lat] brevi>ies4 ,b x 0 felt by s*ol>s t ,quignonez's re=ms 7 too dra/ic4 ,tradition 0 ignor$4 ,! lab\r = brevity1 simplicity & uni=mity l$ to ! removal f ?is ,brevi>y ( antiphons1 responses1 little *apt]s & v]sicles1 & to ! r$uction ( lessons at mat9s to ?ree1 & ! numb] ( psalms 9 ea* h\r 0 usually only ?ree4 ,8 "w _h z a set pr9ciple ! gr& old liturgical idea ( ! weekly recitation ( ! :ole psalt]4 ,! quick & almo/ univ]sal dem& = ,quignonez's ,brevi>y indicat$ ! ne$ ( a re=m & ! outl9e ( su* a re=m4 ,! ,pope1 :o commission$ ,quignonez to take up brevi>y re=m1 reque/$ ! ,!at9es to take up simil> "w4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7#aede-aefc7 took up ! "w ( re=m4 ,b ! ,c\ncil rose be=e ! "w _h made headway1 & ! matt] ( re=m 0 f9ally effect$ by ,/4 ,pius ,v4 7#aeff-aegb71 by 8 ,con/itution1 ,quod a nobis 7#aefh74 ,! ,re=m$ ,brevi>y ( #aefh is1 9 outl9e1 ! ,brevi>y 9 our h&s to-day4 ,! great idea 9 ! re=m 0 to re/ore ! weekly recitation ( ! :ole psalt]4 ,!oretically1 ! ,brevi>y made su* provision1 b practically ! great numb] ( sa9ts' (fices introduc$ into ! ,brevi>y made ! weekly recitation ( ! psalt] an impossibility4 ,! cl]gy 7 con/antly read+ only a few psalms out ( ! #aej 9 ! psalt]4 ,! rubrics1 too1 7 9 a confus$ /ate4 ,*anges 7 made 9 ! cal5d> by suppression ( fea/s1 by re/or+ to simple fea/s ! f]ial (fice psalms1 & by r$uc+ ! numb] ( d\ble & semi-d\ble fea/s4 ,b 9 ! body ( ! ,brevi>y ! *anges 7 few & slight4 ,! lives ( "s sa9ts drawn f ,quignonez's "w 7 us$1 ,/4 ,gregory's canon ( scripture lessons 0 adopt$ & ! antiphons1 v]ses1 responses1 collects & pray]s 7 tak5 f ! old ,roman liturgy4 ,! antiphons & responses 7 giv5 9 ! old] translation ( ,/4 ,j]ome ow+ to _! suitability = musical sett+s4 ,& ! text ( ! psalms 0 ! ,psalt]ium ,gallicanum1 :i* _h be5 9 use 9 ! ,roman ,curial ,brevi>y1 ,b ! ,pian re=m 0 soon to be foll[$ by a re=m ( ! ,brevi>y text1 9 accordance ) ! ,sixt9e ,vulgate1 ! ,clem5t9e ,vulgate1 & ! ,vatican text4 ,clem5t ,,viii4 7#aeib-afje7 publi%$ 8 edition ( ! revis$ ,brevi>y 9 #afjb2 & ?irty ye>s aft]w>ds ,urban ,,viii1 7#afbc-afdd7 issu$ a new & fur!r revis$ edition1 :i* is sub/antially ! ,brevi>y we read to-day4 ,he caus$ c>eful correction ( errors :i* _h crept 9 ?r\gh c>eless pr9t+2 he pr9t$ ! psalms & canticles ) ! ,vulgate punctuation1 & he revis$ ! lessons & made additions4 ,he e/abli%$ uni=mity 9 texts ( ,missal & ,brevi>y4 ,b ! greate/ *ange made 9 ?is new edition 0 9 ! ,brevi>y hymns1 :i* 7 correct$ on classical l9es by ,urban himself aid$ by f\r le>n$ ,jesuits 7see ,note1 ,hymns1 p4 #bei74 ,! result 7( _! lab\rs7 has always giv5 rise to v diff]5t judgm5ts & = ! mo/ "p unfav\rable4 ,x seem$ to be exce$+ly ra% to reg>d z b>b>\s ! hymns ( m5 l ,prud5tius1 ,s$ulius1 ,sidonius1 ,apoll9>is1 ,v5antius1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,paul9us ( ,aquileia & ,rabanus ,maurus & to desire to remodel !m aft] ! patt]n ( ,horace's ,odes4444 ,x is only fair to give !m ! cr$it1 t out ( respect = ! wi%es ( ,urban ,,viii4 !y treat$ ^! compositions ) extreme res]ve1 & :ile !y made "s expressions cle>] !y ma9ta9$ ! primitive unction 9 a l>ge numb] ( passages 7,baudot1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y1 "p iii41 *ap4 ii474 ,! commission appo9t$ by ,clem5t ,,viii4 9 8 "w ( revision & re=m includ$ ,b>onius1 ,bell>m9e & ,gavantus4 ,! commission ( ,urban ,,viii4 includ$1 among/ o!r fam\s m51 ! fam\s ,iri% fri> m9or1 ,luke ,wadd+ 7#aehh-afeg74 ,! ne$ ( revision1 re>rangem5t & re=m ( ! ,brevi>y 0 9 ! m9d ( e ,pope1 & ne>ly e "o ( !m took "s /ep to p]fect ! hi/oric book4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 7#agdj-ageh7 contemplat$ ,brevi>y re=m 9 "s details1 p>ticul>ly 9 improv+ ! composition ( "s leg5ds & ( replac+ "s homilies ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,he entru/$ ?is "w to ,fa!r ,danzetta1 ,s4,j41 b :5 ! le>n$ ,jesuit's lab\r 0 pres5t$ to ! ,pope1 s grave & s contr>y 7 ! reasons !re put =?1 t ! ,pope ?\ght x well to ab&on ! ?\ght ( re=m4 ,fa!r ,danzetta's notes are m>vels ( rese>* & le>n+4 ,!y are to be se5 9 ,ruskovany's ,coelibatus et ,brevi>ium1 vol4 v4 ,!y %[ to ! ignorant & ! sceptical1 ! dang]s & difficulties :i* all ,brevi>y re=m]s h to cont5d )4 ,pope ,pius ,,vi4 7#agge-agii7 return$ to ! project ( ,brevi>y re=m4 ,dom ,gu]ang] tells u t ! plan ( re=m 0 drawn up & pres5t$ to ! ,congregation ( ,rites1 b ! actual re=m 0 n ent]$ on4 ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 7#ahdf-ahgh71 at ! reque/ ( ,monsignor ,sib\r1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 appo9t$ a commission to revise ! ,brevi>y1 b _! report caus$ ! "w to be ab&on$4 ,petitions = re=m 7 s5t to ! ,vatican ,c\ncil1 b v little result$4 ,leo ,,xiii4 7#ahgh-aijc7 enri*$ ! cal5d> by add+ ! names ( _m sa9ts2 he add$ votive (fices1 correct$ ! ,brevi>y lessons = ! fea/s ( a numb] ( ,popes1 &1 9 #aijb1 he appo9t$ a commission to deal ) ! hagiography ( ! ,brevi>y & ) its liturgy2 b 8 dea? 9 ! foll[+ ye> end$ ! "w ( ! commission1 ,! unsatisfactory condition ( ! rules = ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice 7 app>5t to ev]yone4 ,s*ol>s fe>$ to face ,brevi>y re=m1 ! difficulties 7 s innum]able & s imm5se4 ,h[ev]1 ) wond]ful c\rage & prud5ce1 ,pope ,pius ,x4 7#aijc-aiad7 tackl$ ! "w4 ,he resolv$ n to adopt a s]ies ( m9or *anges 9 ! ,brevi>y1 b to appo9t an active commission ( re=m1 ^: fir/ "w %\ld be a re>rangem5t ( ! psalt] :i* mu/ br+ back ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice to its e>ly ideal--! weekly recitation ( ! :ole psalt]4 ,! problem :i* fac$ ,pope ,pius ,x4 9 #aijf 0 ! v same problem :i* fac$ 8 pr$ecessor ,/1 ,pius ,v4 7#aeff-aegb71 m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,/4 ,pius tri$ to solve ! problem by a re=m ( ! cal5d>1 b ! solution produc$ no p]man5t effect4 ,pius ,x4 & 8 commission w5t to ! root ( ! difficulty1 & by a r$i/ribution ( ! psalms h made ! f]ial & ! fe/ive (fices almo/ equal 9 l5g?1 & h s arrang$ matt]s t ! frequ5t recitation ( e psalm1 & ! possible & probable recitation ( e psalm1 once e week1 is n[ an accompli%$ fact2 & ! old & mu*-s\ght-aft] ideal--! weekly recitation ( ! :ole ,psalt]--is ( _w-wide practice4 ,on ! publication ( ! new ,psalt]1 ,pope ,pius ann\nc$ t a commission w\ld und]take a complete revision ( ! ,brevi>y1 a matt] ( great importance & "o :i* mu/ dem& long ye>s ( c>e & /udy to accompli%4 ,a memb] ( ! committee :i* re-arrang$ ! ,psalt]1 ,monsignor ,piac5za1 tells u t su* revision mu/ embrace3-- #a4 ,a re=m ( ! cal5d> & ! draft+ ( rules = ! admission ( fea/s into ! cal5d> ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*2 #b4 ,! critical revision & correction ( ! hi/oric & patri/ic texts2 #c4 ,! removal ( spuri\s patri/ic texts2 #d4 ,! remodell+ ( ! rubrics2 #e4 ,! in/itution ( a new =m ( common (fice = confessors & = virg9s to facilitate ! less5+ ( ! numb] ( fea/s ( sa9ts1 )\t dim9i%+ ! hon\r due to !m 7,burton & ,my]s1 op4 cit41 p4 #add74 ,we may sum up1 !n1 all t has be5 said 9 ?is long section by /at+ t f ,apo/olic times !re 0 public pray]1 ?rice daily4 ,! ,jewi% conv]ts1 hav+ ! psalms committ$ to memory ne$$ n1 nor c\ld !y h 9 ^? bookless days1 a psalt] script4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 morn+1 ev5+1 & night (fices are m5tion$4 ,compl9e 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,f ! sev5? c5tury onw>ds1 ecclesia/ical writ]s1 papal decrees & concili> decrees recognise ! eight p>ts ( ! (fice1 :i* we h se5 took %ape dur+ ! six? c5tury1 & reg>d _! recitation by prie/s & monks z enjo9$ by positive law4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 or at lea/ at its comm5cem5t1 ,lauds & ,vesp]s alone _h a cle>ly def9$ /ructure & foll[$ a def9ite arrangem5t4 ,z f> z we c see1 ,/4 ,gregory arrang$ ! little h\rs = ,sunday only1 & _! arrangem5t = week days 0 left to ! c>e ( ! bi%ops & metropolitans1 or ev5 ( abbots4 ,?is 0 also ! case1 9 _m in/ances1 ) reg>d to ,mat9s1 = ! numb] ( psalms to be recit$ !reat 0 n def9itely fix$4 ,z reg>ds ! little h\rs--,prime1 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none & ,compl9e--! fre$om ( ! compet5t ecclesia/ical au?orities 0 z yet unconf9$ by canonical re/rictions4 ,*rodegang 7#gff7 0 fir/ to foll[ ! usages ( ! ,b5$ict9es ( ! ,roman ,basilica1 9 prescrib+ = secul> cl]gy ! celebration at ,prime ( ! (ficium ,capituli 7i4e41 ! reunion 9 ! *apt] = read+ ! rule or1 on c]ta9 days1 ! writ+s & homilies ( ! ,fa!rs74 ,! re/ ( ! *apt]--i4e41 all t foll[s ! confiteor 9 ,prime z a prep>ation = ! "w ( ! day1 seems to h be5 compos$ 9 ! n9? c5tury4444 ,"u ,*>lemagne & 8 successors v>iations 9 ! canonical h\rs completely disappe>$ 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 pp4 #fc-fe74 ,on ?is f\ndation 0 built up ! ,(fice1 to :i* additions 7 made1 & ( :i* re=ms 7 effect$1 up to our own "t4 ,= u1 traditional liturgy is repres5t$ by ! ,roman ,brevi>y ( ,urban ,,viii41 a book :i* con/itutes = u a ,vulgate ( ! ,roman ,(fice4444 ,! ?+ :i* r5d]s ?is ,vulgate ( #afcb preci\s to u is t1 ?anks to ! wisdom ( ,paul ,,iv41 ,pius ,v41 & ,clem5t ,,viii41 ! diff]5ces betwe5 x & ! ,brevi>y ( ! ,roman ,curia ( ! ?irte5? c5tury are m]e diff]5ces ( detail3 ! sub/antial id5tity ( ! two is beyond dispute4 ,! ,brevi>y ( ,urban ,,viii4 is ! l9eal desc5dant ( ! ,brevi>y ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,& ! latt] 9 its turn is ! legitimate desc5dant ( ! ,roman canonical ,(fice1 z x 0 celebrat$ 9 ! basilica ( ,/4 ,pet] at ! end ( ! eigh? c5tury1 su* z x _h gradually come to be 9 ! c\rse ( ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies1 a g5u9ely ,roman comb9ation ( v>i\s elem5ts1 "s ( !m ,roman & "s n1 b ( :i* "s1 at all ev5ts1 g back to ! v beg9n+s ( ! ,ca?olic religion 7,battifol1 op4 cit41 p4 #cec74 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,excell5ce ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,brevi>y--,,! ,,e/eem ,,:i* ,,we ,,%\ld ,,h ,,= ,,! ,,book ,,itself4 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y is excell5t1 fir/ly1 9 itself2 &1 secondly1 9 comp>ison ) all o!r brevi>ies4 ,x is excell5t 9 itself1 9 its antiquity1 = 9 sub/ance x goes back to ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is excell5t1 9 its au?or1 = x has be5 con/ruct$ & impos$ z an obligation by ! supreme pontiffs1 ! vic>s ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! supreme pa/ors ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,x is excell5t1 9 its p]petuity1 = x has come d[n to u ?r\gh all ! ages )\t fundam5tal *ange4 ,x is excell5t 9 its univ]sality1 9 its doctr9e1 9 ! efficacy ( its pray]1 ! (ficial pray] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is excell5t 9 ! matt] ( :i* x is built up1 be+ compos$ ( ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ! words ( ! ,fa!rs & ! lives ( ,god's sa9ts4 ,x is excell5t 9 its /yle & 9 its =m = ! p>ts ( ea* h\r2 ! antiphons1 psalms1 canticles1 hymns1 v]sicles1 foll[ "o ano!r 9 spl5did h>mony4 ,! op9ions & praises ( ! sa9ts :o dwelt on ?is matt] ( ! ,brevi>y w\ld fill a volume4 ,e prie/ has met ) _m su* eulogies 9 8 read+4 ,newman's words are v /rik+4 ,!re is1 he wrote1 s mu* ( excell5ce & beauty 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,brevi>y1 t 7 x skilfully set be=e ! ,prote/ants1 by ,romani/ic controv]siali/s1 z ! book ( devotions receiv$ by _! communion1 x w\ld und\bt$ly raise a prejudice 9 _! fav\r1 if he 7 ignorant ( ! case & b ord9>ily c&id & unprejudic$4444 ,9 a ^w1 x w be attempt$ to wre/ a weapon out ( our adv]s>ies' h&s1 :o h 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r in/ances1 appropriat$ to !mselves a treasure 7,newman1 ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 #bge1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y74 ,?is tract rais$ a /orm among/ ,newman's fell[ ,prote/ants4 ,all ! old ,prote/ant objections aga9/ ! ,brevi>y & its recitation 7,see ,bell>m9e1 ,controv4 iii41 de bonis op]ibus de oratione i41 i4 clx47 7 re-publi%$ 9 a revis$ & embitt]$ =m4 ,:at a *ange has come among/ non-,ca?olics6 ,hundr$s ( ,anglican cl]gym5 are read+ daily ) att5tion & devotion ! once hat$ & despis$ pray] book1 ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,h[ old ,bell>m9e w\ld wond] if he saw mod]n ,engl& ) its hundr$s ( p>sons read+ _! ,h\rs6 ,h[ he w\ld wond] to read ,! ,b& ( ,hope 7#aiae71 an address deliv]$ by an ,anglican cl]gyman to a society ( ,london cl]gym54 ,x includes a rule ( life beg9n+1 ,e day we say our ,mass & our ,(fice4 7,cf4 ,r4 ,knox's ,spiritual ,a5eid1 p4 #ajb47 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y is excell5t1 too1 9 comp>ison ) e o!r brevi>y 7e4g41 ,ab]de51 ,s>um1 ,gallican74 ,= none ( ^! c %[ ! antiquity1 ! au?ority1 ! doctr9e1 ! sublime matt]1 ! beautiful ord]1 :i* ! ,roman ,brevi>y pres5ts4 ,x 0 = ^! reasons t ! emp]ors1 ,pep9 7#gad-gfh71 ,*>lemagne 7#gdb-had71 ,*>les ! ,bald 7#hbc-hhh71 adapt$ ! ,roman rite 7,gu]ang]1 ,in/itutiones ,liturgiques1 tom4 i474 ,& ,gr&icolas 7#aggb71 an erudite liturgi/1 b a prom95t ,gallican ) no love = ,roman rites1 decl>$ t ! ,roman ,brevi>y /&s 9 relation to o!r brevi>ies z ! ,roman ,*ur* /&s 9 relation to all o!r ,*ri/ian bodies1 fir/ & sup]ior 9 e way 7,com4 ,hi/4 9 ,brev4 ,rom41 cap4 #b74 ,/4 ,francis ,de ,sales appli$ to 8 ,brevi>y ! words ( ,/4 ,augu/9e on ! ,psalt]1 ,psalt]ium meum1 gaudium meum4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,,section ,i4 ,! title ( ! ,brevi>y is1 ,,brevi>ium ,,romanum ,,ex ,,decreto ,,sacrosancti ,,concilii ,,trid5t9i ,,re/itutum ,s4 ,,pii ,v4 ,,pontificis ,,maximi ,,jussu ,,editum1 ,,aliorumque ,,pontificium1 ,,cura ,,recognitum ,,pii ,,papae ,x41 ,,auctoritate ,,re=matum4 ,?is "w is divid$ into f\r p>ts1 ! fir/ "p be+ call$ ,p>s ,hiemalis1 ! w9t] "p2 ! second "p1 ,p>s ,v]na1 ! spr+ "p2 ! ?ird "p1 ,p>s ,ae/iva1 ! summ] "p2 & ! f\r? "p1 ! ,p>s ,autumnalis1 ! autumn "p4 ,! ,*ur*1 guid$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 has drawn up ^! volumes ( liturgical pray]1 s t = ea* season1 ev5 = ea* day1 h] (ficial pray] may be suit$ to ! "t1 to diff]5t degrees ( solemnity & ( rite1 & s t x may be fix$ & det]m9$1 yet hav+ great beauty 9 its wond]ful unity & v>iety4 ,h5ce1 no?+ 9 h] (ficial pray] is left to *ance1 no?+ is left to ! selection or caprice ( ! individual :o recites ?is pray]2 all is =ese51 ev]y?+ is 9 ord]1 e tittle has a reason = its exi/5ce & its place 9 ! liturgy1 & repres5ts ! end & ! int5tions ( ! ,*ur*4 ,=1 e "p ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y is /amp$ ) ! wisdom1 ! zeal & ! piety ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* pres5ts x1 z an (f]+ all suitable = & wor?y ( ,god's hon\r & glory4 ,consid]+1 !n1 ! ,brevi>y z a liturgical book1 we f9d t ! ,div9e ,(fice has f\r g5]al divisions1 correspond+ to ! divisions ( our ,"l's life4 ,fir/1 f ,adv5t to ,septuagesima2 second1 f ,septuagesima to ,ea/]2 ?ird1 f ,ea/] to ,p5teco/2 f\r?1 f ,p5teco/ to ,adv5t4 ,^! divisions correspond also to ! divisions ( ! ye>1 w9t]1 spr+1 summ] & autumn4 ,! end & object ( ! ,(fice are to invite u to jo9 9 ! inf9ite praise :i* ! ,son ( ,god r5d]$ to ,8 ,fa!r dur+ ,8 life1 & :i* ,he r5d]s /ill 9 ,heav5 & 9 ! ,tab]nacle4 ,dom9e 9 unione illius div9ae int5tionis qua ipse 9 t]ris laudes ,deo p]solvi/i1 has tibi ,horas p]solvo1 ,o ,"l1 9 union ) t div9e int5tion :]e) ,?\ :il/ "h on e>? ,?yself did/ praise ,god1 ,i (f] ^! ,h\rs to ,!e4 ,! life ( ,*ri/ is divid$ into f\r pr9cipal divisions3 fir/1 ,8 bir?1 circumcision1 epiphany1 pres5tation2 second1 ,8 public life & ,8 dea?2 ?ird1 ,8 resurrection1 asc5sion1 & desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 f\r?1 ,8 my/ic life 9 ! ,*ur* & 9 ,heav54 ,h5ce arise ! f\r g5]al divisions ( ! ,div9e ,(fice3-- ,fir/ ,g5]al ,division :i* beg9s ! ,*ur*'s ye>4 ,f ,adv5t to ,septuagesima3--,! bir? ( ! ,savi\r prec$$ by ,8 life 9 ,m>y's womb1 & by ! f\r weeks ( ,adv5t1 repres5t+ 7x is said7 ! pass+ ( ! f\r ?\s& ye>s1 & embrac+ ! my/]ies ( ! ,holy ,infancy1 ,circumcision1 ,epiphany1 ,holy ,"n ( ,jesus1 & ! ,pres5tation4 ,second ,g5]al ,division1 f ,septuagesima till ,ea/]3--,! dea? ( ,*ri/ prec$$ by ! ev5ts ( ,8 public life1 ,8 fa/+1 temptation1 prea*+1 miracles1 passion & dea?4 ,?ird ,g5]al ,division1 f ,ea/] to ,p5teco/3--,! ,resurrection1 ! ,asc5sion1 ,p5teco/4 ,f\r? ,g5]al ,division1 f ,p5teco/ till ,adv5t1 ! t]m9ation ( ! ,*ur*'s ye>4 ,! my/ic life ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* w end on ! ,judgm5t ,day4 ,^! divisions make up ! f\r p>ts ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,! fir/ "p1 ,p>s ,prima1 conta9s ! ,pontifical ,bull1 ,quod a nobis1 ( ,pope ,pius ,v4 7#aefh74 ,x /ates3--#a4 ,t ! cause ( ! new edition 0 to remove ! regrettable v>iety 9 ! public liturgy4 #b4 ,x recalls ! lab\rs ( ,pope ,paul ,,iv41 ,pius ,,iv41 & ,pius ,v4 = ! same end4 #c4 ,x ann\nces ! abolition ( ! too-abbreviat$ ,brevi>y ( ,quignonez & ( all ^? :i* h n1 = two hundr$ ye>s prec$+ #aefh1 an au!ntic approbation or a lawful cu/om4 #d4 ,x gives p]mission to ^? us+ su* brevi>ies to adopt ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 #e4 ,x )draws all privileges 9 respect to o!r brevi>ies4 #f4 ,x decl>es ! ,roman ,brevi>y obligatory on all except ^? m5tion$ 7vide #c1 supra74 #g4 ,ev5 bi%ops are =bidd5 to make ! smalle/ *ange 9 ! new ,brevi>y4 #h4 ,! recitation ( (fices f o!r brevi>ies does n fulfil ! obligation ( ^? b\nd to brevi>y recitation4 #i4 ,bi%ops are reque/$ to introduce ! new ,brevi>y4 #aj4 ,! ,pope suppress$ ! obligation ( recit+ on c]ta9 days ! little ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! ,(fice ( ! ,dead1 ! ,p5it5tial & ! ,gradual ,psalms1 #aa4 ,b he recomm5ds _! recitation on c]ta9 fix$ days & grants an indulg5ce = ! practice4 #ab4 ,:]e ! cu/om ( recit+ ! little ,(fice1 9 *oir1 exi/s1 x %\ld be reta9$4 #ac4 ,! appo9tm5t ( ! "t = ! adoption ( ! ,brevi>y is obligatory4 #ad4 ,prohibition1 "u pa9 ( excommunication1 is made aga9/ ^? :o pr9t1 di/ribute or receive copies ( ?is ,brevi>y )\t lawful au?ority4 #ae4 ,! au!ntic publication & obligation ( ! ,bull4 ,! second docum5t 9 ! ,p>s ,prima ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y is ! ,bull ,div9o ,afflatu1 issu$ by ,pope ,pius ,x1 on #a/ ,novemb]1 #aiaa4 ,x tells u3-- #a4 ,t ! psalms 7 compos$ "u div9e inspiration1 & t x is well kn[n t f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ur* !y 7 us$ n only to fo/] ! piety ( ! fai?ful1 :o (f]$ ! sacrifice ( praise to ,god1 t is to say1 ! fruit ( lips confess+ to ,8 "n 7,heb4 xiii4 #ae71 b--t reta9+ ! cu/om ( ! ,old ,law--!y held a conspicu\s place 9 bo? ! liturgy & ,div9e ,(fice ( ! ,new ,law4 ,he quotes ,/4 ,basil1 :o calls psalmody ! voice ( ! infant ,*ur*1 & ,urban ,,viii41 :o calls psalmody ! daught] ( hymnody :i* is *ant$ be=e ! ?rone ( ,god 9 ,heav54 ,two quotations f ,/4 ,a?anasius & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 praise ( psalmody1 are add$4 #b4 ,9 ! ,psalms !re is a c]ta9 wond]ful p[] :i* ar\ses 9 s\ls a zeal = all virtues4 ,two quotations f ,/4 ,augu/9e are add$4 ,"o says t z x is writt5 t all ,scriptures bo? ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts are div9ely inspir$ & useful = our in/ruction4444 ,nev]!less1 ! book ( ! ,psalms is1 z x 71 a v ,p>adise conta9+ 9 itself ! fruits ( all ! o!r books & express+ !m 9 hymns2 & moreov] x jo9s its own hymns to !m & m]ges !m 9 ! g5]al song ( praise4 ,two fur!r quotations f ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 simil> /ra91 foll[4 ,= :o w be1 asks ! sa9t1 unmov$ by ^? frequ5t passages 9 ! ,psalms 9 :i* are proclaim$ ! imm5sity1 ! omnipot5ce1 ! infallible ju/ice1 ! goodness1 ! clem5cy ( ,god8 ,or :o is n mov$ by ! pray]s & ?anksgiv+s = b5efits receiv$ by ! humble & tru/ful petitions1 by ! cries ( s\ls sorr[+ = s91 f\nd 9 ! ,psalms8 ,:om w ! ,psalmi/ n fill ) admiration :5 he rec\nts ! gifts ( ! ,div9e lov+ k9dness t[>ds ! p ( ,israel & all mank9d1 & :5 he sets =? ! tru?s ( heav5ly wisdom8 ,:o1 f9ally1 w n be inflam$ ) love by ! c>efully =e%ad[$ figure ( ,*ri/1 our ,r$eem]1 ^: voice ,/4 ,augu/9e he>d 9 ! ,psalms1 ei!r s++ or sigh+ or rejoic+ 9 ,hope or m\rn+ 9 pres5t sorr[8 #c4 ,91 =m] ages x 0 decre$ by ,popes & ,c\ncils & by mona/ic laws t ! :ole ,psalt]y %\ld be recit$ weekly4 ,pope ,/4 ,pius ,v41 ,pope ,clem5t ,,viii41 & ,pope ,urban ,,viii4 9 _! revisions ( ! ,brevi>y ord]$ ?is weekly recitation4 ,& ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 su* w\ld be ! recitation ( ! ,psalt] _h n ! condition ( ?+s *ang$4 #d4 ,?is arose f ! multiplication ( sa9ts' (fices 7(ficia de sanctis71 :i* aft] ! canonization ( sa9ts gradually grew to su* a huge numb] t v (t5 ! ,dom9ical & ,f]ial ,(fice rema9$ unread1 & h5ce n a few psalms 7 neglect$1 :i* yet are z ! re/1 z ,/4 ,ambrose says1 ! b5$iction ( ! p1 ! praise ( ,god1 ! praise (f]+ ( ! multitude1 ! acclamation ( all1 ! expression ( ! community1 ! voice ( ! ,*ur*1 ! res\nd+ confession ( fai?1 ! truly (ficial devotion1 ! joy ( lib]ty1 ! %\t ( gladness1 ! re-e*o+ ( joy4 ,_m compla9ts f prud5t & pi\s m5 rea*$ ! ,pope ab\t ! omission ( psalms1 :i* took away f ^? b\nd to recite ! ,(fice n only helps1 well suit$ = ,god's praises & = ! expression ( _! inmo/ s\ls1 b also dim9i%$ t desirable v>iety 9 pray]s :i* is s appreciat$ & :i* s well accords ) & aids our wor?y1 att5tive1 & dev\t praise ( ,god4 ,= ,/4 ,basil says t 9 smoo? uni=mity ! s\l (t5 gr[s we>y & :ile pres5t is yet away1 b :5 9 psalmody & *ant are *ang$ & v>i$ 9 e h\r1 ! f]v\r is r5ew$ & its att5tion is re/or$4 #e4 ,?is matt] ( ! re=m ( ! ord] ( ! psalt] 0 br\ght be=e ! ,holy ,see by _m bi%ops & *iefly 9 ! ,vatican ,c\ncil1 :]e ! dem& = ! old cu/om ( recit+ ! :ole psalt] weekly 0 r5ew$1 ) ! provision t any new arrangem5t %\ld n impose a great] onus on ! cl]gy1 n[ lab\r+ m ardu\sly 9 ! v9ey>d ( ! sacr$ m9i/ry on acc\nt ( ! dim9ution ( toil]s4 ,^! reque/s & wi%es 7 repeat$ to ,pope ,pius ,x41 & he took up ! matt] cauti\sly1 s t ! hon\r due to ! cult ( ! sa9ts %\ld n be dim9i%$1 nor ! onus on ! cl]gy increas$ by ! weekly recitation ( ! full ,psalt]4 ,begg+ ! help ( ,god1 ! pontiff =m$ a commission ( le>n$ & indu/ri\s m51 :o ) judgm5t & c>e c>ri$ out 8 wi%es4 ,! results ( _! lab\rs 7 submitt$ to ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites1 & aft] c>eful consid]ation by ! memb]s ( ! ,congregation ! matt] 0 submitt$ to ! ,pope1 :o sanction$ ! new arrangem5t1 t is1 z reg>ds ! ord] & ! division ( ! ,psalms1 ,antiphons1 ,v]sicles & ,hymns1 ) ! rubrics & rules p]ta9+ to ! same4 ,& ! ,pope ord]$ an au!ntic edition ( ^! new arrangem5ts to be prep>$ & issu$ f ! ,vatican ,press4 #f4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! ,psalt] has an intimate connection ) ! ,div9e ,(fice & ! ,liturgy2 & by ^! new decrees reg>d+ ! ,(fice & ! ,psalms a fir/ /ep 9 ! improvem5t ( ! ,brevi>y & ! ,missal has be5 tak54 ,^! matt]s w be dealt ) by a commission ( le>n$ m5 :i* is soon to be =m$4 ,among/ o!r ?+s t ?is fir/ /ep e/abli%$ 0 t ! recitation ( ! ,scripture lessons ) ! prop] responses accord+ to ! rubrics %\ld receive due hon\r & m frequ5t recitation1 & t 9 ! ,liturgy ! mo/ anci5t ,masses ( ! ,sundays ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 especially ^? ( ,l5t1 %\ld be re/or$ to _! places4 #g4 ,! use ( ! old ord] ( ,psalms f\nd 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y is aboli%$ & int]dict$ f #a/ ,janu>y1 #aiac1 & ! use ( ! new ,psalt] = all cl]gy1 secul> & regul>1 :o us$ ! ,roman ,brevi>y z revis$ by ,pius ,v41 ,clem5t ,,viii41 ,urban ,,viii41 & ,leo ,,xiii41 & ^? :o cont9ue to use ! old ord] d n satisfy _! obligation4 #h4 ,ecclesia/ical sup]iors are to introduce ! new ord] ( ! ,psalt]1 & *apt]s are p]mitt$ to use x if ! majority ( ! memb]s agree to its introduction4 #i4 ,e/abli%m5t & decl>ation ( ! validity & efficacy ( ! ,bull1 not)/&+ all previ\s apo/olic con/itutions & rul+s1 :e!r g5]al or p>ticul>4 ,any p]son infr++ ^! papal abolitions1 revocations1 etc41 s9s & m]its ,god's ang]4 #aj4 ,date & place ( promulgation4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ye> ,,& ,,its ,,p>ts4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ,sess4 ,,xxiii41 c4 #ah1 ord]s ut 9 discipl9a ecclesia/ica cl]ici commodius in/ituantur grammaticas1 cantus1 computi ecclesia/ici1 ali>umque bon>um artium discipl9am discant4 ,! m9ute /udy ( ! ecclesia/ical cal5d> is n n[ s necess>y = ea* prie/1 z x 0 c5turies ago4 ,! ,ordo ,div9i ,(ficii recit&i1 issu$ ye>ly1 & prep>$ ) great accuracy1 relieves prie/s ( mu* lab\r & secures !m f _m d\bts4 ,& ! decision ( ! ,congregation ( ,rites 7#ac? ,janu>y1 #ahii7 reg>d+ ! au?ority ( ! ordo gives great] security4 ,qui probabilius judicat err>e ,cal5d>ium t5etur eidem ,cal5d4 />e1 nec pote/ proprio inha]]e judicio quoad (ficium1 ,missam vel colorem ,p>am5torum4 ,( c\rse ?is decision does n apply to errors :i* are op5ly & pla9ly at v>iance ) ! rubrics ( ! ,missal & ,brevi>y4 ,h[ev]1 x may be well to revise & to recall ! /ud5t days' lessons on ! ,*ur*'s ,cal5d>4 ,! /udy is n an easy "o1 & 9 lab\r+ to be brief1 probably1 ,i may be obscure & incomplete4 ,annus m5ses habet duodecim444 says ! ,brevi>y4 ,! ye> has twelve mon?s1 fifty-two weeks plus "o day1 or #cfe days & almo/ six h\rs4 ,b ^! six h\rs make up a day e f\r ye>s1 & ?is f\r? ye> is call$ bisextile4 ,9 mak+ calculations ! six h\rs 7 tak5 z six complete h\rs1 & n six h\rs want+ "s m9utes4 ,& ! aggregate miscalculation cont9u$ until ! m9utes add$ ye>ly1 am\nt$ to t5 days & *ang$ ! date ( ! spr+ equ9ox4 ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 7#aegb-aehe7 s\ght to rem$y ! error4 ,he re-e/abli%$ ! spr+ equ9ox to ! place fix$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice 7#ghg74 ,! ye> _h fall5 t5 days 9 arre> f ! hold+ ( ! ,c\ncil until ! ye> ( ! ,gregorian correction1 #aehb4 ,he aga9 fix$ x to ! day arrang$ by ! ,c\ncil1 ! #ad? ( ! ,pas*al moon4 ,& he arrang$1 t su* a "t-d]angem5t %\ld n occur aga94 ,he omitt$ t5 full days 9 ,octob]1 #aehb1 s t ! f\r? day ( ! mon? 0 foll[$ imm$iately by ! fifte5?4 ,he det]m9$ t ! secul> ye> mu/ beg9 on #a/ ,janu>y1 t ?ree leap ye>s %\ld be omitt$ 9 e f\r c5turies1 e4g41 #agjj1 #ahjj1 #aijj1 #bajj1 & 8 arrangem5t has be5 obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ne>ly ! :ole _w4 ,qu>t] ,t5ses fall on ! ,w$nesdays1 ,fridays1 & ,saturdays aft] ! ?ird ,sunday ( ,adv5t1 aft] ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,l5t2 aft] ,p5teco/ ,sunday1 & aft] ! fea/ ( ! exaltation ( ! ,cross4 ,! ,n9ete5 ,ye>s' ,c\rse ( ! ,gold5 ,numb]4 ,?is c\rse or cycle 0 inv5t$ by an ,a!nian a/ronom] ab\t #dcc ,b4,c4 ,x 0 n exact1 b 0 hail$ ) delight by ! ,greeks1 :o adorn$ _! temples ) ! key numb]1 done 9 gold figures2 h5ce ! "n4 ,! cycle ( c\rse is ! revolution ( n9ete5 ye>s1 f #a to #ai4 ,:5 ?is revolution or c\rse ( ye>s is run !re is a new beg9n+ 9 m>k+1 ,no4 #a1 e4g41 9 ! ye> #aegg ! n9ete5? numb]1 ! gold5 numb]1 0 #a2 ! foll[+ ye> x 0 #b1 & s on until 9 #aeig ! gold5 numb] aga9 is #b4 ,a table giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y %[s h[ ! gold5 numb] may be f\nd & a %ort rule = ! f9d+ ( x 9 any ye> is giv54 ,to ! numb] ( ! ye> 7e4g41 #ahcc7 add #a2 !n divide ! sum ?us result+ by #ai & ! rema9d] is ! gold5 numb]2 if !re be no rema9d] ! gold5 numb] is #ai4 ,,epacts ,,& ,,new ,,moons4 ,! ,epact 7,greek ,greek3 epaktos f ,greek3 eapgo ,i add7 is no?+ m ?an ! numb] ( days by :i* ! common sol> ye> ( #cfe days exce$s ! common lun> ye> ( #ced days4 ,s t ! epact ( ! fir/ ye> is #aa1 because ! common sol> ye> exce$s ! common lun> ye> by #aa days1 & ^! add$ to ! #aa days ( ! fir/1 produce #bb z ! epact4 ,at ! end ( ! second ye> ! new moon falls #bb days soon] ?an 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,! epact ( ! ?ird ye> is ?ree1 because if #aa be add$ to ! #bb1 ! result is #cc1 & f ?is #cc we subtract #cj days :i* make up a lun> embolism & ! rema9d] gives u #c1 ! epact = ! ye>1 & s on4 ,9 ! ,brevi>y !re is a table 7alia ,tabella epact>um7 correspond+ to ! gold5 numb]s f ! ye> #aija to ! ye> #bjjj inclusive4 ,to take away all d\bt 9 ! use ( ?is table1 a new table ( epacts1 an example may be quot$4 ,9 ! ye> #aija ! epact 0 ,x1 :i* is plac$ "u ! gold5 numb] #b2 & new moons appe> on ! #ba/ ,janu>y1 #ai? ,febru>y1 & #ba/ ,m>*4444 ,aga91 9 #aiaa ! epact is n m>k$ by a numb]1 b by an a/]isk 7see ,table 9 ,brevi>y7 :i* is plac$ "u ! gold5 numb] #ab1 & 9 ! cal5d> = ! :ole ye> w indicate ! new moon on ,janu>y #a/1 ,janu>y #ca/ 7= 9 ,febru>y !re is no new moon indicat$ 9 ! ,table2 ! sign 99 is n f\nd71 on ,m>* #a/1 ,m>* #ca/1 & on ,april #bi?4 ,9 ! ye> #aiaf ! gold5 numb] is #ag & ! epact is #be 7writt5 n 9 ,roman num]als b 9 ord9>y figures71 ! new moons occur on #f? ,janu>y1 #d? ,febru>y1 #f? ,m>*1 #d? ,april1 etc4 ,= :5 ! epact is #be1 correspond+ ) gold5 numb]s great] ?an ! numb] #aa 9 ! cal5d>1 we mu/ take 9 computation ! epact #be 7writt5 9 mod]n figures7 b :]e ! epact corresponds ) numb]s less ?an ! numb] #aa1 9 ! tabella1 ! epact ,,xxv4 9 ,roman num]als mu/ be tak5 9 cal5d> c\nt+s4 ,?is *ange takes place ) epact #be only1 s t ! computation ( ! lun> ye>s may m closely respond to ! sol> ye>4 ,x is = ?is cause1 too1 t 9 six places 9 ! cal5d> two epacts1 ,,xxv4 & ,,xxiv41 are giv54 ,! new ,brevi>y conta9s a tabella ( ,dom9ical lett]s1 up to ! ye> #bjjj ,a4,d4 ,x ne$s no comm5t4 ,indiction4 ,indiction 0 a cycle ( fifte5 ye>s1 ! fir/ ( :i* dat$ f ! ?ird ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x 0 usual to indicate ! numb] ( ! ye> 9 a cycle & no m5tion 0 made ( ! cycles already complet$4 ,?us1 ! indictio sexta meant ! six? ye> ( a cycle & n ! six? cycle or p]iod ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,h5ce1 to "k ! ye> ( indiction is useless = det]m9+ ! date 9 old docum5ts ( ,/ate4 ,indiction 0 in/itut$ by ,con/ant9e 9 #cac = fiscal purposes4 ,9 papal & imp]ial docum5ts ! "n ( ,pope or emp]or 0 g5]ally giv5 & ! regnal ye>s not$4 ,movable ,fea/s4 ,9 virtue ( ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 9 #cbe1 ,ea/]1 on :i* all o!r movable fea/s dep5d1 mu/ be celebrat$ on ! ,sunday :i* foll[s imm$iately ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon ( ! fir/ mon? 79 ! ,hebrew ye>71 our ,m>*4 ,ea/]1 !n1 is ! fir/ ,sunday aft] ! ,pas*al full moon 7i4e41 ! full moon :i* happ5s ^u or next aft] ,m>* #ba/74 ,if full moon happ5s on a ,sunday1 ,ea/] ,sunday is ! ,sunday aft] ! full moon4 ,! matt] ( ! arrangem5t ( ,ea/] 0 = long a subject ( v bitt] cont5tion 9 ! ,iri% & 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,! ,iri%1 cl++ t5aci\sly to ! cal5d> ( ,/4 ,patrick1 c>ri$ x ev]y:]e 9 _! mission>y lab\rs1 s t ! controv]sy 0 n conf9$ to ,irel& & ,engl&4 ,x 0 long & bitt]1 until at la/ ! ,iri% ,*ur* agre$ to foll[ ! re=m4 7,see ,healy1 ,irel&'s ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s1 p4 #eib2 ,moran1 ,iri% ,sa9ts 9 ,great ,brita91 ,! ,conf]5ce at ,:itby 9 #ffd1 pp4 #bee-bfa74 ,cal5d> /udy is int]e/+1 & _m valuable contributions on ?is matt] h be5 giv5 to u by ,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j41 & o!r ,engli% & ,iri% s*ol>s4 ,,g5]al ,,rubrics ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,! next docum5t 9 ! ,brevi>y1 ,"p ,i41 has ! title ,rubricae ,g5]ates ,brevi>ii1 ! g5]al rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,!y are call$ g5]al1 z !y apply to e "p ( ! ,brevi>y & are to be di/+ui%$ f ! rubrics deal+ ) ! prop] 7proprium7 ( ! ,brevi>y1 ! prop] ( "t or ( ! sa9ts4 ,! ^w rubrics 0 orig9ally appli$ to ! r$ m>k+ l9es us$ by c>p5t]s on wood1 lat] x ref]r$ to ! titles us$ by jurisconsults 9 ann\nc+ laws1 :i* 7 writt5 9 r$ col\rs4 ,! ^w appe>s 9 ,*ur* lit]ature to ref] to signs & directions z e>ly at lea/ z ! f\rte5? c5tury 7,ca?4 ,encyclop$ia--^w rubrics74 ,! g5]al rubrics are divid$ into ?irty-sev5 ,titles4 ,att5tion w be giv5 to ea*2 ( ^! ,titles1 "s ( :i* mu/ be modifi$ by rec5t legislation4 ,! ord] foll[$ may n be ! ord] foll[$ 9 ! g5]al rubrics z giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y1 z matt]s treat$ 9 ! g5]al rubrics f\nd 9 ! ,brevi>y are treat$ "u o!r head+s "h4 ,h[ev]1 a look at ! table ( cont5ts or at ! index %[s ! pages treat+ ( ^! ,titles4 ,,title ,i4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,(fice4 ,consequ5tly1 ! civilis$ peoples already 9 remote antiquity h f\nd a call to ! wor%ip ( ,god 9 ! *ang+ seasons & times & s h introduc$ sacr$ seasons4 ,sacr$ times & places are common to all religions 9 g5]al4 ,! *ange ( times br++ ) !m correspond+ *anges 9 nature made a religi\s impression ^u mank9d4 ,9 turn1 man sanctifi$ c]ta9 times & d$icat$ !m to ,god1 & ^! days1 ?us consecrat$ to ,god1 became fe/ivals4 ,! entire numb] ( ecclesia/ical holydays & seasons is codifi$ = u 9 ! diff]5t ,*ur* cal5d>s4 ,_! cont5ts fall into two ess5tially diff]5t divisions1 ea* possess+ an entirely diff]5t orig9 & hi/ory4 ,! fir/ division consi/s ( fe/ivals ( our ,"l1 di/ribut$ ov] ! ye>1 regulat$ & co-ord9at$ 9 accordance ) c]ta9 laws4 ,! second division consi/s ( commemorations ( sa9ts 9 no wise connect$ ) fe/ivals ( our ,"l or ) "o ano!r4 ,occupy+ to "s ext5t an int]m$iate position betwe5 ^! two *ief divisions come ! fe/ivals ( our ,bless$ ,lady1 :i* h ?is 9 common ) ! fe/ivals ( ! sa9ts1 t !y fall on fix$ days2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are to a c]ta9 ext5t connect$ ) ea* o!r & ) "s fea/s ( our ,"l4 ,?is is c>ri$ out 9 su* a way t !y are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur* ye> & are includ$ 9 ea* ( ! fe/al seasons 7,kelln]1 ,heortology1 ,"p ,i474 ,f ,apo/olic times ! fea/s ( ,ea/]1 ! ,asc5sion & ,p5teco/ 7 celebrat$4 ,9 ! second c5tury fea/s ( ! ,apo/les 7 celebrat$ & ! cult ( ! ,m>tyrs 0 ( spe$y & widespread developm5t4 ,b x 0 n1 probably1 till ! f\r? c5tury1 t ! fea/s ( sa9ts :o 7 n m>tyrs 7 celebrat$4 ,orig9 ( ! diff]5t grades ( fea/s4 ,to-day1 we f9d ,*ur* fe/ivals arrang$ 9 ?ree grades1 d\bles1 semi-d\bles & simples1 & x is v difficult1 to det]m9e cle>ly & accurately ! orig9 & ! nature ( ! arrangem5ts4 ,b f ! works ( s*ol>s1 :o h /udi$ ?is matt]1 ! foll[+ may be consid]$ z a fair & accurate summ+ up3-- ,9 ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur* ! ,apo/les & ,m>tyrs only 7 commemorat$ 9 public pray]s &1 above all1 9 ! ,mass1 p]haps1 by a special pray]4 ,!n1 9 "t1 foll[$ ! read+ ( a panegyric 9 _! hon\r1 & lat] /ill hymns & hi/ories ( m>tyrdom 7 add$ to ! public recitation ( ! ,(fice4 ,/ill lat]1 !re 7 add$ ! fea/s ( ! sa9ts ) an (fice resembl+ our simple (fice4 ,mat9s 7 entirely f]ial1 b _h ei!r a biography ( ! sa9t or a long extract f ! ,fa!rs add$4 ,! o!r h\rs 7 z 9 a ,sunday (fice1 save t ^! fea/s _h no ,vesp] matt]4 ,9 /ill lat] times1 ! ,*ur* add$ to ! li/ ( names on h] sa9t roll1 ! names ( sa9ts :o 7 hon\r$ nei!r z ,apo/les nor z ,m>tyrs4 ,= ^!1 special ,masses1 (fices & fea/s 7 e/abli%$4 ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs 0 ! fir/ confessor s hon\r$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,= ! m important fea/s1 an (fice ( n9e lessons 0 e/abli%$ & ?is came to be kn[n z a semi-d\ble (fice1 & lat] su* fea/s 7 call$ d\bles4 ,h5ce1 be=e ! ?irte5? c5tury1 we f9d celebrations ( simple fea/s1 ( semi-d\bles & ( d\bles4 ,& ,dur&us1 :o wrote 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 tells u ( ! exi/5ce ( d\bles major & d\bles m9or4 ,! ,brevi>y ( ,/4 ,pius ,v41 publi%$ 9 #aefh1 gives ?ree classes ( d\bles3 d\bles ( ! fir/ class1 d\bles ( ! second class1 & d\bles p] annum4 ,b1 9 ! revision by ,clem5t ,,viii4 ! d\bles p] annum 7 aga9 divid$ into d\bles major & d\bles m9or4 ,9 ! new ,pian ,brevi>y 7#aiac7 d\bles are divid$ into ,prim>y ,d\bles ( ! ,fir/ ,class1 ,second>y ,d\bles ( ! ,fir/ ,class2 ,prim>y ,d\bles ( ! ,second ,class1 ,second>y ,d\bles ( ! ,second ,class1 ,prim>y ,d\bles ,major1 ,second>y ,d\bles ,major4 ,! li/ ( fea/s "u ea* ( ^! six head+s may be se5 9 ! ,brevi>y4 ,d d\ble (fices diff] specifically f ea* o!r8 ,no1 ! =m is ! same 9 all d\ble (fices4 ,:at !n is ! diff]5ce betwe5 d\bles ( diff]5t classes8 ,! diff]5ce is *iefly 9 ! pref]5ce :i* is giv5 to !m 9 cases ( concurr5ce or occurr5ce ( fea/s ( great] or ( less] rite4 ,! ^w d\ble 7duplex7 is d]iv$1 "s au?ors hold1 f ! anci5t cu/om ( recit+ two (fices or say+ two ,masses on ! same day--"o = ! curr5t f]ia & "o = ! fea/ 7fe/a74 ,o!r au?ors say t ! ^w is d]iv$ f ! anci5t practice ( *ant+ twice or 9 repetition ! complete responses & v]sicles4 ,&1 above all1 ! recitation ( ! full antiphons be=e & aft] ea* psalm1 at ,mat9s1 ,lauds & ,vesp]s1 0 call$ duplication1 & ?is "n1 x is said1 0 giv5 to ! (fice 7d\ble1 duplex7 9 :i* ! practice ( duplication took place4 ,x is (t5 ask$ :y are !re diff]5t grades ( fea/s4 ,?ree reasons are giv5 by writ]s on liturgy4 ,fir/1 to m>k ! div]sity ( m]it 9 ,god's sa9ts1 _! sanctity & _! diff]5t degrees ( s]vice to ,8 ,*ur*4 ,second1 to m>k _! diff]5t degrees ( glory 9 ,heav54 ,"o is z ! sun2 ano!r1 ! glory ( ! moon2 & ano!r ! glory ( ! />s4 ,= /> diff]s f /> 7#a ,cor474 ,?ird1 = "s special national or local reasons--e4g41 patron ( a c\ntry4 ,! rules laid d[n 9 ! g5]al rubrics 9 ! new ,brevi>y1 = d\bles & semi-d\bles1 are left un*ang$ almo/ by ! regulations laid d[n by ! ,commission & by ! ,v>iationes4 ,_! numb]s 7 r$uc$1 s t !re n[ /& 9 ! new ,brevi>y only sev5ty-five d\bles1 sixty-?ree semi-d\bles1 & ?irty-six movable fea/s4 ,a reason = ! new arrangem5t ( d\ble fea/s 9 ! ,pian ,brevi>y is ! g5]al "o1 t ! ,pope wi%$ above all ?+s ! weekly recitation ( ! ,psalt]1 & to br+ ab\t ?is weekly recitation & ! re/oration ( ! ,sunday ,(fice a m]e re>rangem5t ( ! ,psalms 0 q insuffici5t1 & a re>rangem5t ( ! gradation ( fea/s ( concurr5ce & ( occurr5ce 0 necess>y4 ,,title ,,ii4--,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,a ,,semi-,,d\ble4 ,etymology1 nature & synonyms4 ,! ^w semi-d\ble 7semi-duplex7 is d]iv$ f ! ,lat92 & "s writ]s hold t ! ^w indicates fea/s :i* are ( l[] rank & solemnity ?an d\ble fea/s4 ,o!rs hold t x means simply1 fea/s hold+ a place betwe5 d\ble fea/s & simple fea/s4 ,mo/ writ]s on liturgy hold t on "s days a d\ble (fice--"o ( ! fea/ & "o ( ! f]ia--0 held1 & t 9 ord] to %ort5 ?is d\ble recitation !re 0 said a composite (fice1 p>tly ( ! sa9t's (fice & p>tly ( ! f]ia2 & !y say t f ?is practice arose ! t]m semi-d\ble1 or half-d\ble4 ,synonyms = ! t]m semi-duplex1 are non-duplex1 (fice ( n9e lessons4 #a4 ,! antiphons are n d\bl$ 9 a semi-d\ble (fice4 #b4 ,! ,sundays ( ! ye>1 except+ ,ea/] ,sunday1 ,l[ ,sunday1 ,p5teco/ & ,tr9ity1 are said accord+ to ! semi-d\ble rite4 ,9 ! new ,brevi>ies ! ,psalms = ,mat9s are only n9e 9 numb]1 in/ead ( ! eighte5 ( ! old] book4 #c4 ,! v]sicles1 antiphons1 responses1 preces & suffrages ( sa9ts1 :i* are recit$ 9 semi-d\ble (fices1 are giv5 bel[ "u _! own titles4 ,,title ,,iii4--,,! ,,simple ,,(fice4 ,etymology1 nature & synonyms4 ,! ^w simple comes f ! ,lat9 simplex1 to indicate ! lea/ solemn =m ( (fice & x is ! direct opposite 9 mean+ to ! t]m d\ble4 ,x is synonym\s ) ! t]m s (t5 f\nd 9 liturgical works1 ! (fice ( ?ree lessons4 ,?is =m ( (fice is ( great antiquity1 go+ back to ! fif? c5tury4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur* & d[n to ! f\rte5? c5tury ! simple (fice consi/$ ( ! f]ial (fice ) lessons1 antiphons & pray]s4 ,b 9 ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 simples came to be celebrat$ 9 ! same mann] z semi-d\bles1 ) n9e lessons & _! nocturns1 & 9 case ( occurr5ce 7 transf]r$4 ,z a result ! (fices ( ,sunday & ! f]ial (fices 7 practically cru%$ out ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,! ,commission ( ,re=m appli$ an easy rem$y1 by re/or+ simple fea/s to _! anci5t place & /atus4 ,n[1 !y are n to be transf]r$2 b 9 case ( occurr5ce ) a fea/ ( high] rite !y are m]ely commemorat$4 ,^! fea/s h fir/ ,vesp]s only4 ,at ,mat9s1 ! n9e psalms & ?ree lessons are said z "o nocturn4 ,! psalms 9 semi-d\ble fea/s are f ! ,psalt] "u ! day ( ! week on :i* ! fea/ is celebrat$4 ,9 quolibet alio ,fe/o duplici etiam major1 vel semi duplici vel simplici et 9 ,f]iis ,tempore ,pas*ali1 semp] dicantur ,psalmi1 cum antiphonis 9 omnibus ,horis1 et v]sibus ad matut9um1 ut 9 ,psalt]io de occurr5te hebdomadae die 7,tit1 ,i4 sec1 #c4 ,additiones et ,v>iationes74 ,9 commemorations 9 ! ,(fice1 ! v]sicle1 response1 antiphon & collect ( a semi-d\ble is made aft] ! foll[+ commemorations 7if !y %\ld h a place 9 ! recitation ( ! day74 7#a7 ,any ,sunday1 7#b7 a day )9 ! privileg$ octave ( ! ,epiphany or ,corpus ,*ri/i1 7#c7 an octave day1 7#d7 a great d\ble1 7#e7 a less] d\ble4 ,( c\rse ! fir/ commemoration is always ( ! concurr+ (fice except x be a day )9 a non-privileg$ octave1 or a simple4 ,9 reckon+ ! ord] ( prec$5ce betwe5 fea/s :i* occur on ! same day1 li/s giv5 9 ,! ,new ,psalt] & its ,use1 p4 #ajh1 %[ t ?irte5 grades ( fea/ /& be=e ! fea/s ( semi-d\ble rite4 ,& 9 ! ord] ( prec$5ce z to ,vesp]s1 betwe5 fea/s :i* are 9 occurr5ce1 ^! fea/s /& 9 ! elev5? place1 be+ prec$$ by 7#a7 d\bles ( ! fir/ class ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 7#b7 less] d\bles4 ,,title ,,iv4--,,sunday4 ,we translate ! ,lat9 ,dies ,dom9ica by our ^w ,sunday1 = 9 ,engli% ! days ( ! week h reta9$ ! names giv5 to !m 9 ,pagan times4 ,9 ,iri%1 too1 ,delua91 ,monday1 moon's day1 %[s ,pagan orig9 ( names ( week days4 ,! lit]al translation ( ! ,lat9 ,dies ,dom9ica1 ! ,"l's ,day1 is n f\nd 9 ! "n giv5 to ! fir/ day ( ! week 9 any ,european tongue1 save ,portuguese1 :]e ! days ( ! week hold ! old ,ca?olic names1 dom+o1 secunda feira1 t]ca feira1 etc4 ,x is said t ! sev5 days ( ! week z !y /& 9 num]ical ord] 7 reta9$ & confirm$ by ,pope ,silve/] ,i4 7#cad-ccf73 ,sabbati et ,dom9ici diei nom9e ret5to1 reliquos hebdomadae dies ,f]i>um nom9e di/9ctos1 ut jam ante 9 ,ecclesia voc>i coep]unt appell>i voluit2 quo signific>etur quotidie cl]icos1 abjecta caet]>um r]um cura1 uni ,deo prorsus voc>e deb]e 7,brev4 ,rom4 9 ,,vi4 lect4 ,/4 ,silve/] ,pope2 #ca/ ,dec474 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ! abrogation ( ! ,sabba? by ,*ri/ or by ,8 ,apo/les1 b ,/4 ,paul decl>$ t its obs]vance 0 n b9d+ on ,g5tile conv]ts4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! v e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity ! ,sabba? fell m & m into ! backgr\nd1 yet n )\t leav+ "s traces beh9d x 7see art4 ,sonnab5d] 9 ,kraut's ,real5zyklop74 ,among ,*ri/ians ! fir/ day ( ! ,jewi% week1 ! prima ,sabbati1 ! pres5t ,sunday1 0 held 9 hon\r z ! day ( our ,"l's resurrection & 0 call$ ! ,"l's ,day 7,apoc4 i4 #aj2 ,i4 ,cor1 xvi4 #b71 ,?is "n1 dies dom9ica1 took ! place ( dies solis1 =m]ly us$ 9 ,greece & 9 ,rome4 ,?is day has _m names 9 ! works ( ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,m4 calls x ,reg9a omnium di]um2 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 dies pacis2 dies lucis2 ,alcu91 dies sanctus2 f]ia prima1 ,b>onius tells u1 0 ano!r "n = our ,sunday4 ,! subject ( ! liturgical celebration ( ! ,"l's ,day has be5 a great /udy & a problem to mod]n s*ol>s4 ,x appe>s t 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur*1 ,sunday 0 a day ( solemn reunion & ( common pray]4 ,/4 ,ju/91 9 8 second apology1 writes t on ! ,"l's ,day t[n & c\ntry met toge!r at an appo9t$ place = sacrifice1 = ! he>+ ( ! ^w ( ,god1 = pi\s read+s & = common pray]4 ,?is common1 pray] consi/$ l>gely 9 ! recitation ( ! ,psalms1 hymns & pray]s1 ( :at are call$ ! ,sunday ,(fice4 ,?is (fice 0 ne>ly always ! same 9 psalms1 9 hymns & 9 e "p2 s t ,sunday aft] ,sunday1 = _m ye>s1 !re 0 v little *ange 9 ! ,sunday unit$-pray] "p ( ! liturgy1 al?\gh ! prea*+ on ! incid5ts ( ! life ( our ,"l 7,beckel1 ,messe und ,pas*a1 p1 #ia71 ! bless+s & ! ?anksgiv+s reliev$ ! s]vice f monoton\s sam5ess4 ,a nocturn1 a r\nd ( ,psalms1 0 said on ,saturday night by ! vigilants prep>+ = ! ,sunday s]vices4 ,be=e ! eigh? c5tury two o!r %ort nocturns 7 add$4 ,?is addition1 :i* 0 copi$ f ! mona/ic practice1 built up ! ?ree nocturn =m ( (fice & became ! model & =m ( ! (fice = sa9ts4 ,!re is good reason = believ+ t orig9ally ! ,div9e ,(fice =m$ "p ( ! ,mass4 ,! synaxis1 = :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians assembl$ by night1 consi/$ ( ! 'break+ ( bread1' prec$$ by ! s++ ( psalms & hymns1 litanies & collects1 read+s1 homilies1 invocations & canticles4 ,?is 0 ! :ole (ficial liturgical pray]1 ap>t1 ( c\rse1 f private pray] 7,dom ,cabrol1 ,day ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,introduction1 p4 xvi74 ,"o ( ! *ief objects ( ,pope ,pius ,x4 9 8 re=m 0 ! re/oration ( ! liturgical importance ( ! ,sunday (fice1 ! (fice ( ! ,"l's ,day1 &1 !re=e1 9 its own "r1 sup]ior to ! sa9ts' fea/s by :i* x _h be5 displac$ f its special (fice1 psalms & lessons4 ,& ?is c\ld only be effect$ by a *ange 9 ! rules ( occurr5ce1 & 9 ,title ,,iv4 7,de ,fe/orum occur5tia1 etc41 section #b7 we f9d ! new rule = re/or+ ,sunday (fices to _! prop] liturgical rights4 ,9 ,title ,,iv41 sect1 #a 7see ,brevi>y1 ,additiones & ,v>iationes7 !re is no *ange 9 ! old rubric4 ,! eight ,sundays ( ! fir/ class exclude e o!r fea/4 ,& ! ,sundays ( ! second class only give place to a d\ble ( ! fir/ class & !n are commemorat$ at ,lauds1 ,vesp]s & ,mass1 & h ! n9? lesson 9 ,mat9s4 ,b section #b 7,dom9icis m9oribus7444 goes to ! root ( ! matt] ( ! new *ange 9 ! rules = ,sunday's liturgical (fice4 ,! ord9>y ,sundays rank$ z semi-d\bles & h5ce _! ,mass & ,(fice 0 sup]s$$ by ! ,mass & ,(fice ( "s occurr+ fea/4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,sunday (fice1 9 ! brevi>ies until lately 9 use1 made _m he>ts rejoice ov] ! occurr+ fea/4 ,b ! almo/ total omission ( ! anci5t & beautiful ,sunday ,masses 0 a mis=tune &1 9 a s5se1 an unbecom+ practice1 :i* broke away f anci5t liturgical rule & tradition4 ,! abbreviation ( ! ,sunday (fice 9 ! new brevi>ies & ! rule laid d[n 9 ,title ,,iv41 sect4 #b1 re/ore ,sunday's (fice & ,sunday's ,mass to _! old & prop] dignity4 ,! g5]al rule laid d[n is t on ,sundays ?r\gh\t ! ye> ! prop] (fice ( ! ,sunday %all always be said4 ,! exceptions are 7#a7 ,fea/s ( our ,"l & _! octaves1 7#b7 ,d\bles ( ! fir/ class1 7#c7 ,d\bles ( ! second class4 ,on ^! days ! (fice w be ! (fice ( ! fea/1 ) commemoration 9 ,lauds1 ,vesp]s & ,mass4 ,h5ce=? ,sundays are divid$ into3 7#a7 ,sundays ( ! fir/ class1 :i* exclude all fea/s2 7#b7 ,sundays ( ! second class1 :i* exclude all fea/s save d\bles ( ! fir/ class2 7#c7 ,! ord9>y ,sundays1 :i* exclude all b d\bles ( ! fir/ or second class1 fea/s ( our ,"l1 & _! octave days4 ,! date ( ,ea/] is ! pivot ( ,cal5d> con/ruction4 ,be=e ,ea/] come ! ,sundays ( ,l5t & ,qu9quagesima1 ,sexagesima1 ,septuagesima ,sundays4 ,septuagesima _c fall e>li] ?an ! eighte5? day ( ,janu>y1 nor lat] ?an ! tw5ty-second day ( ,febru>y4 ,h5ce1 9 "s ye>s !re are few] ,sundays aft] ! ,epiphany ?an 9 o!rs1 ow+ to ! dates ( ,ea/] & ,septuagesima4 ,! small] ! numb] ( ,sundays aft] ,epiphany ! great] is ! numb] ( ,sundays aft] ,p5teco/4 ,if ! numb] ( ,sundays aft] ,p5teco/ be tw5ty-five1 ! tw5ty-f\r? ,sunday w h ! (fice ( ! six? ,sunday aft] ,epiphany4 ,if !re be tw5ty-six ,sundays aft] ,p5teco/1 ! tw5ty-f\r? ,sunday w h ! (fice ( ! fif? aft] ,epiphany1 & ! tw5ty-fif? w h t ( ! fif? ,sunday2 ! tw5ty-six? w be ! six? ,sunday's (fice4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,sunday call$ ! tw5ty-f\r? aft] ,p5teco/ is always celebrat$ imm$iately be=e ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld n be ev5 ! tw5ty-?ird ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/4 ,,title ,v4--,,f]ial ,,(fice4 ,etymology & diff]5t signification ( ! ^w ,f]ia4 ,! ^w is d]iv$ probably f ! ,lat9 f]i>i 7to re/74 ,among ! ,romans1 ! idea ( a day ( re/ & a holy day 0 intimately unit$ & receiv$ ! "n ( f]ia4 ,b x 0 among/ ! ,hebrews t ! day set ap>t = ! wor%ip ( ,god receiv$ ! mo/ di/9ctive "* z day ( re/ 7,heortology1 p4 #b74 ,h5ce ! e>ly ,*ri/ians call$ ! days ( ! week f]iae4 ,:y did ! ,*ur* adopt ! ^w f]iae8 ,%e wi%$ to m>k ! day ( ! week & n to "n !m by _! pagan "n 7e4g41 dies lunae7 nor by _! ,jewi% names 7e4g41 prima sabbati71 :i* %\ld be a sort ( recognition ( ! dead & dy+ synagogue4 ,h5ce %e adopt$ ! ^w f]ia1 to d5ote ! ,*ri/ian re/ 9 ! ,"l1 ! ,*ri/ian peace & ! ab/95ce f all s91 & t ea* & e day %\ld be consecrat$ to ,god4 ,! ,*ri/ian use ( ! ^w is f\nd 9 ,orig5 7#ahe-bed7 & 0 fully e/abli%$ 9 ! "t ( ,t]tullian4 ,9 ! "t ( ,amal>e 7circa #hcj7 ! f]ial (fice _h tak5 a well-def9$ =m1 ,mat9s hav+ twelve psalms & six antiphons4 ,9 ,lauds ( e f]ia 7 recit$ ! psalms1 ,mis]]e2 ,deus1 ,deus meus2 ,deus mis]eatur no/ri2 a canticle drawn f a prophet & v>y+ ea* day ( ! week 7e4g41 ,confitebor1 ,isaias xii41 = ,monday's ,lauds2 ,ego dixi1 ,isaias xxxviii41 = ,tuesday's ,lauds1 etc41 & ! two psalms ,laudate 7#adh1 #aej7 & ! ,cantate1 psalm #adi74 ,9 ! small h\rs ! ,sunday psalms )\t antiphons 7 recit$4 ,vesp]s _h daily1 fix$ psalms4 ,at ea* h\r ! ,kyrie ,eleison & f]ial pray]s 7 said on b5d$ knees & ! h\rs t]m9at$--z d ! h\rs ( ,holy ,week /ill--) ,pat] ,no/] & ,mis]]e4 ,f]ias are divid$ into ?ree classes1 major f]ias1 privileg$ f]ias & non-privileg$4 ,a% ,w$nesday & ! ?ree la/ days ( ,holy ,week are ! major f]ias :i* are privileg$ & exclude all fea/s 7vide ,tit4 ,,ii41 sec4 #b74 ,non-privileg$ f]iae are ! f]iae ( ,l5t & ,adv5t1 ,qu>t] ,t5se or ,emb] days & ,rogation ,monday4 ,!y take prec$5ce ( simple fea/s only4 ,9 ! f]ial (fice n9e psalms are said1 & n twelve1 z 9 ! old ord] ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,! psalms f\nd arrang$ 9 ! new ,brevi>y = ?ree nocturns are to be said ) n9e antiphons up to ! v]sicle ( ?ird nocturn--! v]sicle ( ! fir/ & second be+ omitt$ 7,tit4 ,i41 sec4 #g74 ,h5ce ! psalms are to be said /raight ?r\gh 7s9e int]uptione7 omitt+ 9 ! fir/ two nocturns1 ! v]sicle & response1 ,pat] ,no/]1 absolutions & all p]ta9+ to ! lessons4 ,?is simplifies ?+s & makes ! f]ial (fice %ort] ?an ! (fice ( fea/s4 ,,title ,,vi4--,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,vigils4 ,etymology1 nature & synonyms4 ,! ^w vigil is f ! ,lat9 vigil>e1 to keep awake1 to wat*1 because 9 old times ! night be=e any great ev5t1 religi\s or worldly1 0 sp5t 9 wat*+4 ,?us1 ! night prior to ord9ation to ! prie/hood1 ! night prior to a great battle1 0 sp5t 9 wat*+ be=e ! alt>4 ,h5ce1 ! ^w vigil came to mean ! pray]s said dur+ ! "t ( wat*+ or wak+1 prep>atory to ! great ev5t4 ,x signifi$1 too1 ! fa/ accompany+ ! wat*+1 & la/ly x came to mean ! liturgical (fice ( ,mass & ,brevi>y fix$ = ! "t ( vigilance4 ,9 ! ,roman ,*ur* x 0 sometimes call$ ! nocturn or night (fice4 ,! ,greeks call ! vigil pr(e/a1 ! "t be=e ! fea/4 ,! cu/om exi/$ among ! pagans1 almo/ univ]sally1 be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,jews practis$ ?is anci5t night pray]1 z ! scripture 9 sev]al places %[s1 9 noctibus extollite manus ve/ras 9 sancta 7,psalm #acc74 ,our ,savi\r sanctifi$ ?is use by ,8 example1 & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 71 on acc\nt ( ^! night assemblies1 ! objects ( fe> & dread1 ( admiration & ( hatr$4 ,organis$ vigils la/$ till ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 "s c\ntries1 b ow+ to abuses & discord !y became n a s\rce ( edification1 b ! occasion & cause ( grave sc&als1 & 7 =bidd5 gradually & univ]sally4 ,! ,*ur* n[ reta9s = ! fai?ful "o congregational vigil1 ! vigil ( ,*ri/mas4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 cu/om>y to obs]ve a fa/ on a day or night ( a vigil1 b t cu/om 0 suppress$ sometimes1 or fell into disuse4 ,vigil fa/s are n[ few4 ,almo/ ! only relic ( ! vigil n[ rema9+ is ! ,mass & ,(fice4 ,:5 7 vigils held8 ,9 ! e>ly ages !y 7 held only on ,saturday nights & on nights prec$+ great solemnities or ! fe/ivals ( ! ,m>tyrs4 ,! e>ly conv]ts1 if !y _h be5 pagans1 knew few or no pray] =mulae1 & v little ( ! psalms 0 le>n$ by !m ev5 9 _! ,*ri/ian practice4 ,b ,jews :o became ,*ri/ians knew psalms & hymns & pray]s4 ,s t 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian vigils1 !re 0 no attempt made at recit+ ! ,div9e ,(fice1 & ! cu/om ( su* recitation 0 n introduc$ until ab\t #bbj ,a4,d4 & 0 n obligatory 7,du*esne1 ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 ,*ap4 ,,viii474 ,x is difficult to speak ) c]ta9ty ab\t ! h\r ( beg9n+ or ! h\r ( end+ ^! vigil s]vices4 ,"s ?9k t ! fir/ nocturn 0 said ab\t #i p4m4 ,lauds 0 said be=e sunrise & h5ce 0 call$ ,laudes-matut9ae4 ,b aft] ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury1 we ga!r f contempor>y docum5ts1 t ! (fice ( vigils 01 z a :ole1 regul>ly con/itut$ & well kn[n 7,baudot1 p4#fd74 ,^! vigils 7 held 9 c5acles or upp] rooms ( h\ses4 ,dur+ ! days ( p]secution ^! meet+s 7 n infrequ5t & 7 held secretly 9 crypts1 catacombs1 private h\ses & at m>tyrs' tombs4 ,9 times ( peace !y 7 held ev]y:]e1 9 *ur*es1 mona/]ies1 ca/les4 ,vigils are divid$ into two classes1 major & m9or2 major vigils are ! vigils ( ,*ri/mas1 ,epiphany & ,p5teco/1 & !y are call$ privileg$ vigils & are celebrat$ z semi-d\bles4 ,! vigils ( ,*ri/mas & ,p5teco/ are privileg$ vigils ( ! fir/ class4 ,! vigil ( ,epiphany is a privileg$ vigil ( ! second class4 ,all o!rs are m9or or non-privileg$ vigils4 ,,title ,,vii4-,,octaves4 ,etymology & nature4 ,! ^w octave is f ! ,lat9 octavus 7eigh?7 because1 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,*ur* celebrat$ ! eigh? day only aft] ! celebration ( ! fea/ itself2 n until ! twelf? c5tury 0 ! cu/om ( a commemoration on ea* ( ! eight days introduc$4 ,we h1 probably1 an example ( ?is /ill 9 our ,brevi>ies4 ,! fea/ ( ,/4 ,agnes is celebrat$ on #ba/ ,janu>y & on #bh? x is m5tion$ at ,vesp]s & ,lauds only1 & ! "n 9 old ,roman s]vice books is ,octavo1 ,s4 ,agnetis4 ,! orig9 ( ! octave is ,jewi%4 ,we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t t ,god ord]$ t ! ,fea/s ( ,pas* & ,p5teco/ %\ld be celebrat$ = eight days4 ,s1 too1 ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles la/$ = eight days1 ! fir/ & eigh? days be+ days ( special celebration & devotion4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* adopt$ ! me?od ( %[+ great hon\r & glory to ! pr9cipal fe/ivals ( ! ,*ri/ian ye>1 to ! great sa9ts1 ! patrons ( c\ntries1 dioceses1 etc4 ,b j z ! cal5d> became ov]cr[d$ ) sa9ts' (fices1 :i* exclud$ almo/ entirely ! ,sunday & f]ial (fices1 s1 too1 ! additions ( octaves creat$ confusion & fur!r t5d$ to ! exclusion ( ! old liturgical use ( ! ,psalt] & ! supplant+ ( ! ,sunday & f]ial (fices4 ,h5ce1 9 ! ,motu ,proprio ,abh9c duos annos1 ! octaves ( ! cal5d> are divid$ into ?ree great classes1 privileg$1 common & simple4 ,privileg$ octaves are fur!r divid$ into ?ree ord]s4 ,^? ( ! fir/ ord] are ! octaves ( ,ea/] & ,p5teco/2 ! octaves ( ,epiphany & ,corpus ,*ri/i belong to ! second ord]1 & ! octaves ( ! ,nativity & ,asc5sion belong to ! ?ird4 ,! ,*ri/mas octave admits fea/s ( sa9ts1 b ! octaves ( ,epiphany1 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/ d n admit any fea/s 7,tit4 ,v41 sec1 #c74 ,a day )9 an octave has a "r to fir/ ,vesp]s1 & ! antiphon & response %\ld be f fir/ ,vesp]s 7,s4,c4,r41 ,june1 #aije74 ,b ! fea/ ( ! day fall+ )9 octave has a "r to fir/ & second ,vesp]s4 ,! exceptions are1 :5 at second ,vesp]s ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ! (fice ( ! octave ( ! ,nativity to be obs]v$ on #cj? ,decemb] has to be commemorat$ aga91 9 octaves l octaves ( ,epiphany :5 ea* day has its prop] antiphon at ! ,magnificat1 & aga9 on & ,july 9 second ,vesp]s ( ,visitation ! (fice ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,paul is to be commemorat$4 ,9 octaves ! suffrages ( sa9ts & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ are n said4 ,:5 fea/s ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 :i* are celebrat$ ) an octave are p]petually transf]r$ to ! next day1 because ( a p]petual imp$im5t1 accord+ to ! rubrics1 ! octave day is n !re=e p]petually transf]r$ b ought to be kept z 9 ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* on its own day4 ,,title ,,viii4--,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg9 ,,= ,,saturday4 ,9 omnibus ,sabbatis p] annum entra ,adv5tum et ,quadragesimam1 ac nisi ,quatuor ,tempora aut ,vigiliae ocurrant1 etc4 ,9 all ,saturdays ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 except on ! ,saturdays ( ,adv5t1 ,l5t1 ,emb] ,days or occurr+ ,vigils1 or unless a fea/ ( n9e lessons has to be said on ! ,saturday1 !n x is laid d[n 9 ! rubrics t ! ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld always be said ) ! rite ( a simple (fice4 ,! rubrics ( ! ,new ,psalt] 7,title ,i41 sec4 #f7 direct1 ,9 (ficio ,sanctae ,m>iae 9 ,sabbato et 9 fe/is simplicibus sic (ficium p]solv5dum e/2 ad matut9um1 ,invitatorium et hymnus dicuntur de eodem (ficio vel de iisdem ,fe/is2 ,psalmi cum suis antiphonis et v]su de ,f]ia occur5te ,i4 et ,,ii4 ,lectis de ,f]ia cum ,responsoriis ,propriis vel de ,communi4 ,,iii4 v]o lectio de (ficio vel ,fe/o duabus lectionibus 9 unum junctis si qu&o duae pro ,fe/o habeatur1 ad reliquas autem ,horas omnia dicuntur1 pr\ti supra num4 #e 9 ,fe/is ,duplicibus expositum e/4 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 = ,saturdays 7,decree ,s4,c4,r41 #bf? ,janu>y4 #aiaf7 ! antiphons & ,psalms at ,mat9s1 ,lauds & small ,h\rs are to be said f ! ,saturday & f ! capitulum onw>ds all is to be tak5 f ! (fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,?is (fice is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! (ficium p>vum ,beatae ,m>iae4 ,! (fice de ,sabbato is obligatory ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*4 ,! (ficium p>vum 0 only = *oir use1 an addition to ! (fice ( ! day4 ,saturday1 d$icat$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 is ( great antiquity1 z ! m5tion ( x 9 ! works ( ,/4 ,pet] ,dami51 ,/4 ,b]n>d & ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiii4 %[s1 b z to ! "t ( its orig9 or a hi/ory ( its gr[?1 little seems to be kn[n4 ,at fir/ ! cult consi/$ 9 v>i\s & volunt>y pray]s & practices4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury an (fice 0 compos$ = recital on ,saturdays z d$icat$ to ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,! (fice 9 our ,brevi>ies 0 compos$ by ,/4 ,pius ,v1 7#aeff-aegb74 ,,title ,,ix1--,,commemorations4 ,! rules laid d[n 9 ! g5]al rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y = commemorations 7 nev] v simple1 & :5 we read ! *anges br\ght ab\t 9 ,de ratione ,div9i (ficii recit&i juxta novum ,psalt]i ord9em1 ,titles ,,ii41 ,,iii41 ,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi41 )' ! decrees ( ! ,congregation 7,janu>y1 #aiab71 & subsequ5tly 7,abh9c duos ,annos7 ev]yone mu/ fe> to tread ! maze ) c]ta9ty & mu/ (t5 fall back gratefully on ! lab\rs ( ! compil]s ( ! ,ordo :i* he foll[s4 ,or1 p]haps1 d\bts may be dispell$ by ,! ,new ,psalt] 7,burton & ,my]s7 publi%$ 9 #aiab4 ,! *apt] on ! ,cal5d> 9 t book is wor? /udy1 b ne$s n[ additions & corrections1 ow+ to ! issue ( m rec5t decrees4 ,9 ! /udy ( commemorations & translations ( fea/s !re are two words :i* h a special mean+ & :i*1 be+ (t5 us$ 9 cal5d> work+1 des]ve a special note4 ,!y are occurr5ce & concurr5ce4 ,occurr5ce is ! conjunction ( two or m (fices1 :i* fall on ! same day4 ,x may be accid5tal :5 two movable fea/s are conc]n$ or :5 a movable fea/ falls on a day :i* has a fix$ (fice2 or x may be p]petual1 :5 a fix$ (fice falls on a day :i* already has a fix$ (fice4 ,! ,*ur* does n ask ! recitation ( a d\ble or a triple (fice4 ,%e1 by h] fix$ rules1 pref]s "o out ( ! two ( ! occurr+ (fices1 transf]s if possible ! o!rs1 or at lea/ commemorates !m by an antiphon1 v]sicle & pray]1 & sometimes by a n9? lesson at ,mat9s4 ,concurr5ce is ! conjunction ( two (fices1 :i* succe$ "o ano!r1 s t a "q arises z to :i* fea/ ! ,vesp]s belong to2 :e!r to ! fea/ ( ! day or to ! fea/ ( ! foll[+ day1 or :e!r ! psalms %\ld be ( ! fea/ & ! rema9+ "p ( ! ,vesp]s %\ld be z ! ,ordo s (t5 notes 7a cap4 de seq471 f ! capitulum ! (fice is tak5 f ! foll[+ fea/4 ,! new rubrics conta9 five titles :i* make c]ta9 modifications 9 ! rules hi!rto obs]v$4 ,we ?us obta9 a ready made division ( ! subject3-- 7#a7 ,( ! prec$5ce ( ,fea/s 7,title ,,ii474 7#b7 ,( ! accid5tal occurr5ce ( fea/s & _! translation 7,title ,,iii474 7#c7 ,( ! p]petual occurr5ce ( fea/s & _! transf] 7,title ,v474 7#d7 ,( ! occurr5ce ( fea/s 7,title ,v474 7#e7 ,( ! commemorations 7,title ,,vi47 7,my]s & ,burton1 op4 cit474 ,! new rubrics )\t ! aid ( any comm5tator give pretty cle> notions ( ! laws ( prec$5ce1 occurr5ce & commemoration4 ,= /ud5ts 9 college ^! rules are exp\nd$ 9 detail ) additions1 *anges1 exceptions4 ,b = prie/s1 long pa/ ! /ud5t /age1 x is difficult to undo ! fix$ liturgy lore ( _! /ud5t & e>ly prie/ life2 & ! ne$ ( su* a book z ,! ,new ,psalt] & its ,uses is1 = ^? int]e/$1 a necessity4 ,ev5 s9ce ! publication ( t book1 *anges h be5 made4 ,= example1 d\bles1 major or m9or & semi-d\bles1 :i* 7 p]petually exclud$ on _! own day 7 transf]r$ to "s fix$ day4 ,?is is giv5 9 ,! ,new ,psalt] & its ,uses4 ,b ?is has n[ be5 *ang$4 ,9 ! case ( fea/s ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 no translation is all[$ n[4 ,b fea/s prop] to a nation1 diocese1 ord]1 in/itute or p>ticul> *ur* may /ill be transf]r$ to a fix$ day1 if p]petually imp$$ on _! own day4 ,ano!r example ( necess>y *anges 9 t excell5t book is 9 ! la/ p>agraph ( page #acf 7see ,decree ,s4,c4,r41 ,june1 #aiab74 ,! works ( compil]s & liturgi/s ne$ con/ant revision to keep pace ) new decisions & decrees4 ,9 mak+ commemorations1 ! ord] ( ! commemoration z laid d[n 9 ! ,ordo %\ld be foll[$4 ,elem5ts ( a commemoration are ! ,antiphon ( ! ,b5$ictus or ! ,magnificat ) v]sicle & response4 ,^! antiphons are consid]$ mo/ excell5t1 prec$+ z !y d ! ,gospel canticles 7,/4 ,luke ,i474 ,! antiphon1 v]sicle & pray] ( ! commemoration at an h\r %\ld nev] be repetitions ( o!rs said 9 ! same h\r4 ,?us1 if 9 ! (fice ( a confessor pontiff hav+ ! pray] ,da quaesumus1 ano!r confessor pontiff's fea/1 commemorat$ 9 ! same h\r1 %\ld n h ! same pray]4 ,ab\t ! pray]1 or1 z x is call$1 ! collect1 ! foll[+ %\ld be not$3 fir/1 ! commemoration is omitt$ if ! pray] ( ! (fice :i* is be+ recit$ & ! pray] ( ! fea/ to be commemorat$ h ! same object4 ,?us1 a fea/ ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 fall+ )9 ! octave ( ! ,assumption1 %\ld n be commemorat$4 ,second1 :]e a commemoration = a sa9t or sa9ts ( title simil> to t ( ! sa9ts ^: (fice is be+ said1 is to be made1 ! ,congregation ( ,rites 7#e? ,may1 #agcf7 arrang$ t n ev5 ! v]sicles & response be repeat$ & t ! foll[+ ord] be obs]v$3-- ,,9 ,,vesp]s-- #a/ ,com4 made by ,antiphon & ,v]sicle ( ,lauds4 #bnd ,com4 made by ,antiphon ( second ,vesp] & ,v]4 ( ,,ii4 ,nocturn4 #crd ,com4 made by ,antiphon ( ,i4 ,noct4 & ,v]s4 ( ,,iii4 ,nocturn4 ,,9 ,,lauds-- #a/ ,com4 made by ,antiphon & ,v]s4 f fir/ ,vesp4 #bnd ,com4 made by ,antiphon ,i4 ,noct41 & ,v]41 ,,iii4 ,noct4 #crd ,com4 made by ,antiphon ,,ii4 ,vesp41 ,v]s41 ,,ii4 ,noct4 ,if x %\ld happ5 9 commemorat+ a day )9 an octave t ! v]sicle f ! common _h already be5 tak5 = ! (fice1 !n ! rule is ,sum5da e/ 9 laudibus antiphona de secundis ,vesp]is2 et pro secundis ,vesp]is antiphona de laudibus 9 utroque tam5 casu cum v4 de primis ,vesp]is 7,s4,c4,r41 #ah? ,dec41 #aggi74 ,9 ! above giv5 =m ( mak+ commemorations x may be not$ t ! second commemoration 9 ,lauds is made up f ! v]sicles & response ( ,mat9s & n f second ,vesp]s1 s z to avoid repeat+ 9 ,lauds :at 0 said at ,vesp]s 7,cavali]i74 ,z reg>ds pray]s 9 ! (fice ! rem9d] t ! same =mula mu/ n be repeat$ 9 ! same h\r may be supplem5t$4 ,because1 pray]s hav+ all words id5tical1 save "o s+le ^w1 are n consid]$ 9 liturgy z diff]5t pray]s 7e4g41 ,acc5damur exemplis2 in/ruamur exemplis1 ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,philip & ,/4 ,james1 ,fea/s ( sev]al m>tyrs74 ,s1 too1 pray]s :i* h ! same =m ( petition 7e4g41 ! pray]s on fea/ ( ,/4 ,joseph & on fea/ ( ,/4 ,ma!w71 are n consid]$ z diff]5t & mu/ n be repeat$ 9 ! same h\r4 ,b :]e ! petition is diff]5t1 ev5 ?\gh all ! rema9d] ( ! pray]s are simil> 9 word+1 !y may be repeat$ 9 ! same h\r4 ,b :at is to be done 9 (fices :]e a commemoration pray] & ! pray] ( ! (fice is f ! common8 ,:at mu/ be done :]e ! fea/ is ! fea/ ( a ,doctor & a commemoration ( a ,doctor is to be made8 ,:at is to be done :5 ! (fice ( ! fea/ is ( a virg9 n a m>tyr1 & a commemoration ( a virg9 n a m>tyr is to be made8 ,9 ! fir/ case ! pray] f ! (fice ( a confessor or ,pontiff %\ld be said1 add+ to x ! title ( ,doctor4 ,9 ! o!r case1 ! pray] ,indulg5tiam1 omitt+ ! ^w m>tyr1 is to be said4 ,! orig9 ( ^! commemorations 01 t ! ,popes 9 remov+ ! solemn celebrations ( c]ta9 fea/s ( ,apo/les & ,m>tyrs1 :i* 7 =m]ly ( precept1 provid$ t _! cultus %\ld n be =gott51 & t _! commemoration 9 ! (fice %\ld rem9d prie/s & ! fai?ful ( ^? s]vants ( ,god1 :om ! ,*ur* wi%es ev] to hon\r4 ,i h said ! ord] giv5 = commemoration 9 ! ,ordo %\ld be foll[$2 b n to foll[ ?is ord] does n exce$ a v5ial s94 ,ev5 ! delib]ate omission ( a commemoration 9 ,lauds or ,vesp]s is n a violation ( a grave precept4 ,,title ,x4--,,! ,,translation ,,( ,,fea/s4 ,:5 sev]al (fices fall on ! same day1 only "o (fice1 ! "o ( highe/ rank or mo/ important1 is said4 ,! o!rs are transf]r$ or commemorat$4 ,! la/ section dealt ) commemorations1 & n[ we come to ! difficult "q ( ! translation ( fea/s4 ,title ,x4 ( ! g5]al rubrics mu/ be read 9 connection ) ! ,apo/olic ,con/itution1 ,div9o ,afflatu 7#aiaa7 & ) ! ,abh9c duos ,annos 7#aiac74 ,translation ( a fea/ may mean ! removal ( a fea/ f an imp$$ day to a day :i* is free4 ,?us a fea/ ( high] rank may fall on a fea/ day ( a sa9t ^: fea/ is ( l[] rank2 ! latt] may !n be transf]r$4 ,transf]5ce is ei!r p]petual or accid5tal & tempor>y4 ,! =m] applies to fea/s :i* are always imp$$ by ! meet+ ) a fea/ ( high] rite on _! fix$ days4 ,a fea/ :i* w\ld fall on #f? ,janu>y w\ld suff] p]petual translation4 ,?is translation be>s diff]5t names 9 rubrics1 decrees & liturgical writ+s--translatio ad diem1 fixam1 translatio ad diem assignatam1 mutatio1 etc4 ,accid5tal translation means occasional transf]5ce1 a transf] 9 "o ye> & n 9 ano!r4 ,title ,,ii41 section i1 ( ! ,div9o ,afflatu gives ! *>act]s ( pref]5tial rank :i* are to be consid]$ 9 occurr5ce1 concurr5ce or translation ( fea/s1 ,ritus altior1 ratio prim>ii aut secund>ii1 ,dignitas ,p]sonalis1 solemnitas ext]na4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ,g5]al ,rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y1 ! title ,de ,fe/orum prae/antia is n f\nd1 ! f\r pr9ciples1 7#a7;gradation ( rite1 7#b7;classification z a prim>y or second>y fea/1 7#c7p]sonal dignity1 7#d7;ext]nal solemnity1 are m5tion$ 9 ! six? section ( ,title ,x41 ,de ,translatione ,fe/orum1 & ! degrees ( p]sonal dignity are add$ 9 ! second section ( ,title ,,xl1 de commemorationibus4 ,be=e #ahig prec$5ce1 & h5ce transf]5ce1 0 settl$ fir/ by ! rank ( ! rite 7,d\ble major1 etc472 !n1 too1 betwe5 two fea/s ( ! same rite1 transf]5ce 0 settl$ by dignity & f9ally by solemnity4 ,b 9 #ahig ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites indicat$ two fur!r notes to be obs]v$ 9 ! weigh+ ( claims = transf]5ce1 7#a7! classification into prim>y & second>y fea/s1 7#b7! di/9ction betwe5 fix$ & movable fea/s4 ,?is latt] di/9ction--betwe5 fix$ & movable fea/s--has be5 suppress$ by ! new legislation & "s *anges made 9 ! o!rs4 ,i4 ,gradation ( ,fea/s makes a di/9ction betwe5 d\bles1 semi-d\bles & simples1 & di/+ui%es ! v>i\s k9ds ( d\bles4 ,! ord] ( proc$ure w be--7#a7;,d\bles ( ! fir/ class1 7#b7;d\bles ( ! second class1 7#c7;great] d\bles1 7#d7;d\bles1 7#e7semi-d\bles1 7#f7simples4 ,b z ! section %[s 7,tit4 ,,ii41 sec4 i7 ?is is subject to ! privileges ( c]ta9 ,sundays1 f]ias1 & octave days or ev5 days )9 an octave4 ,& h5ce1 an ord9>y ,sunday1 ?\gh6 only a semi-d\ble1 w take prec$5ce ( a d\ble2 & an octave day1 ?\gh only a d\ble1 takes prec$5ce ( a great] d\ble4 ,,ii4 ,classification z a prim>y or a second>y fea/4 ,tables ( classification are to be f\nd 9 ! prefatory "p ( ! new ,brevi>y1 "u ! head+s ,tres ,tabellae4 ,!y give a revis$ li/ ( fea/s ) _! rank & rites4 ,"s fea/s are r$uc$ f prim>y to second>y rank 7e4g41 ,fea/ ( ! ,dol\rs72 & ! tables give a new division ( prim>y & second>y d\bles & semi-d\bles4 ,,iii4 ,?irdly1 ! ord] ( prec$5ce among fea/s w be det]m9$ by ! dignity ( ! p]son :o is ! special object ( ! (fice t is to be recit$4 ,h5ce1 9 ! ord] set d[n 9 ,g5]al ,rubrics 7,title ,,xi1 ,de ,concurr5tia (ficii1 sec4 #b7 all fea/s ( our ,"l1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 take prec$5ce ( ! fea/s ( our ,lady4 ,& !n1 9 ord]1 come ! fe/ivals ( ! angels1 ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ( ,/4 ,joseph1 ( ! ,apo/les & o!r sa9ts4 ,among/ ! sa9ts :o are hon\r$ z m>tyrs1 confessors or virg9s !re is no prec$5ce z to p]sonal dignity4 ,,iv4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! note ( ext]nal solemnity1 :i* may give prec$5ce to "o or two fea/s1 :i* are equal 9 ! above-m5tion$ matt]s--i4e41 9 ,gradation ,i41 ,classification ,,ii41 ,prec$5ce ,,iii4 ,b ! ma9 po9t is t only d\bles ( fir/ & second class h ! "r1 z a rule1 ( transf]5ce4 ,transf]5ce is n[ r r>e4 ,f ^! rules x w be se5 t 9 cases ( concurr5ce1 occurr5ce1 p]petual transf] or translation1 prec$5ce betwe5 two fea/s w fir/ be decid$ by gradation ( rite1 a d\ble ( ! fir/ class be+ pref]r$ to "o ( ! second1 & s on4 ,if ! fea/s are ( equal rank rec\rse mu/ be _h to ! second te/1 ! di/9ction betwe5 prim>y & second>y fea/s4 ,if bo? happ5 to be prim>y1 or bo? are second>y1 !n prec$5ce w be grant$ to ! fea/ :i* has ! great] p]sonal dignity4 ,& if bo? fea/s %\ld h ! same dignity1 !n ! fact ( ext]nal solemnity w\ld conf] prec$5ce 7,! ,new ,psalt] & its ,uses1 p4 #gi74 ,= practical help1 a look at ! fir/ ( ! ,duae ,tabellae is a guide to f9d out :i* (fice is to be said1 if m ?an "o fea/ occur on ! same day4 ,be=e discuss+ new (fices x may be well to rememb] t votive (fices ( all k9ds1 includ+ ! votive (fices conc$$ by ! decree ( ,july1 #ahhc1 are aboli%$4 ,^! (fices 7 dra/ic innovations1 introduc$ to get rid ( ! v long psalm arrangem5t ( ! f]ial (fice4 ,! new di/ribution ( ! psalms got rid ( ! onus1 & votive (fices are no long] giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y4 ,,title ,,xl--,,concurr5ce4 ,concurr5ce is ! conjunction ( two (fices :i* succe$ ea* o!r1 s t ! "q arises to :i* ( ! two are ! ,vesp]s ( ! day to be assign$4 ,! orig9 ( ?is conjunction ( fea/s 0 by "s old writ]s trac$ to ! ,mosaic law 9 :i* ! fe/ivals1 began 9 ! ev5+1 & !y quote f ev5+ until ev5+ y %all celebrate y\r sabba?s 7,leviticus1 xxii4 #cb74 ,! effect ( concurr5ce may be t ! :ole vesp]s may belong to ! fea/ ( ! day or may be said entirely f1 ! fea/ ( ! foll[+ day2 or x may be t ! psalms & antiphons belong to ! prec$+ fe/ival & ! re/ ( ! (fice be f ! succe$+ fea/4 ,! ,g5]al ,rubrics1 ,title ,,xi1 mu/ be read n[ 9 conjunction ) ,titles ,,iv41 ,v41 & ,,vi4 ( ! ,additiones et ,v>iationes ad norman ,bullae ,div9o ,afflatu4 ,! rules = concurr5ce are giv5 9 ,table ,,iii4 ( ! ,tres ,tabellae ins]t$ 9 ! new ,brevi>y 7,s4,c4,r41 #bc ,janu>y1 #aiab74 ,^! tables sup]s$e ! tables giv5 9 ! old editions ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,! fir/ ( ^! two tables %[s :i* (fice is to be said1 if m ?an "o fea/ occur on ! same day1 :e!r p]petually or accid5tally4 ,! second table is a guide to concurr5ce--i4e41 :e!r ! fir/ vesp]s ( ! foll[+ fea/ is to be said entirely )\t ref]5ce to ! prec$+ fea/1 or if second vesp]s ( ! prec$+ fea/ is to be said entire1 )\t ref]5ce to ! foll[+2 or1 aga91 fir/ vesp]s ( ! foll[+ ) commemoration ( ! prec$+1 or second vesp]s ( ! prec$+ ) commemoration ( ! foll[+1 or vesp]s ( ! m noble fea/ ) commemoration ( ! o!r--any ( ^! may be ! liturgical ord] to foll[1 & ! ,tabella makes ?+s cle>4 ,! tables are to be us$ ?us3--,op5+ ! ,brevi>y at ! ,i ,tabella1 ,si occurrat eodem die1 fir/ f9d ! numb] m>k$ 9 t squ>e 9 :i* ! two fea/s 9 "q meet1 & !n read ! direction pr9t$1 9 column on same page to left-h& side1 be>+ ! same numb]4 ,= example3 ! "q is ab\t ! occurr5ce ( a ,sunday ( ! fir/ class & a ,d\ble ( ! fir/ class4 ,d\ble ( ! fir/ class /&s fir/ ^w ( page1 & ,sunday ( fir/ class w be f\nd 9 column b5ea? ! r[s ( figures4 ,n[ ! squ>e 9 :i* /raight l9es drawn f d\ble ( fir/ class & ,sunday ( fir/ class meet be>s ! numb] #f1 & ref]5ce to numb] #f 9 column ( directions f\nd on same page gives ! rule1 ,(ficium de #b1 ,translatio de ,i1 t is1 ! (fice mu/ be ( ! ,sunday ( fir/ class & ! d\ble ( ! fir/ class mu/ be transf]r$ accord+ to ! rubrics4 ,:5 9 ^! brief directive notes1 7#a-h71 m5tion is made ( ! fir/ or ! prec$+1 ! ref]5ce is made to fea/ or (fice pr9t$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ,table1 e4g41 ,d\ble ( fir/ class4 ,ref]5ce to ! second or foll[+ ref]s to fea/ pr9t$ 9 ! l[] section ( ! ,table4 ,:]e ,o /&s 9 a squ>e 9 ! ,tabella x signifies t !re c be no occurr5ce or concurr5ce betwe5 fea/s ^: l9es meet 9 t squ>e4 ,^! two tables are v +5i\sly arrang$4 ,! li/s1 giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y foll[+ ^! tables1 give ! li/s ( great] ,sundays & ,f]ias1 privileg$ vigils1 d\bles ( fir/ & second class & great] d\bles1 & tell :e!r fea/s are prim>y or second>y4 ,,title ,,xii4--,,! ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,! ,,(fice ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,rubrics ,,giv5 ,,above4 ,if any "o wi% f ! rubrics giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y to arrange ! (fice1 he c see 9 ! cal5d> & 9 ! tables ( movable fea/s :i* (fice he is to say on ! foll[+ day4 ,& :5 he has f\nd out ! fea/ he det]m9es1 f ! rules giv51 ! vesp]s & ! o!r h\rs4 ,if ! (fice be ! (fice ( an except$ fea/1 ! :ole (fice is said f ! fea/ z x is 9 ! ,prop] or ,common ( sa9ts2 b ! psalms ( ,lauds & ! h\rs are tak5 f ! ,sunday psalms1 z !y /& 9 ! new ,psalt]y1 ,at ,prime ! psalm ,deus 9 nom9e is said 9 place ( ,confitem9i4 ,compl9e is said f ! ,sunday psalms4 ,if ! (fice be ! ord9>y non-except$ (fice x is recit$ accord+ to ! rule laid d[n 9 ! new rubrics4 ,tit4 ,i41 n4 #e13-- ,ad matut1 invit4 ,hymnus1 ,lectiones ,,ii4 et ,,iii4 nocturni ac responsoria #b et #c nocturnorum propria vel de communi2 antiphonae v]o1 psalmi et v]sus trium nocturnorum necnon ,le/iones ,i4 ,nocturni cum suis ,responsoriis de f]ia occurr5te4444 ,ad ,laudes et ad ,vesp]as ant4 cum ,psalm4 de ,f]ia2 ,capit4 ,hym4 ,v]s4 et ,antiph4 ad ,b5$ictus vel ad magnificat cum oratione aut 9 ,proprio aut de ,communi ad ,horas m9ores et ,complet4 aut cum ,psalm semp] dicitur de occurr5te ,f]ia4 ,ad ,primam pro ,lectione breve legitur capit4 ,nonae ex ,proprio1 vel de ,communi4 ,ad ,t]tiam1 sextam et ,nonam1 capit4 ,respons4 breve et orat4 p>it] sumuntur vel ex ,proprio vel de ,communi4 7,mat9s & ! o!r h\rs are treat$ ( 9 ano!r section47 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,rules ,,f ,,moral ,,& ,,ascetic ,,!ology ,,= ,,! ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,,moral ,,!ology ,,gives ,,! ,,rules ,,& ,,laws1 ,,:i* ,,mu/ ,,be ,,foll[$ ,,= ,,! ,,valid ,,& ,,licit ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,h\rs4 ,,ascetic ,,!ology ,,expla9s ,,! ,,means1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,9 ,,_! ,,f]v5t ,,recitation4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,moral ,,& ,,ascetic ,,!ology4 ,q4 ,:o are b\nd to recite ! ,div9e ,(fice8 ,r4 #a4 ,religi\s1 t is1 all ^? :o h made ,religi\s ,pr(ession1 9 ! ,canonical s5se1 & :o are b\nd to ,*oir recitation 7,canon #faj1 ,juris ,canonici74 #b4 ,cl]ics 9 ,holy ,ord]s 7,canon #ace1 ,codex74 #c4 ,b5efic$ ,cl]gy4 ,:o are ,b5efic$ ,cl]gy8 ,b5efic$ ,cl]gy are ^? :o hold a ,canonically erect$ b5efice4 ,canon #adji ( ! ,codex ,juris ,canonici def9es an ecclesia/ical b5efice to be a ,juridical entity con/itut$ or erect$ by compet5t ecclesia/ical au?ority1 consi/+ ( a sacr$ (fice & ! "r ( receiv+ rev5ues f end[m5ts atta*$ to ! (fice4 ,h5ce "u ?is ,canon1 z previ\sly ?ree conditions are requir$ = a b5efice1 fir/1 a sacr$ (fice1 second1 ! "r ( receiv+ rev5ues f end[m5t atta*$ to t (fice1 ?ird1 erection by ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,!re nev] 0 any d\bt 9 ! _m discussions on ?is subject1 t ! "w & c>e ( a p>i% is a sacr$ (fice1 & t p>i% prie/s hold su* an (fice4 ,b ! second condition m5tion$ above receiv$ diff]5t int]pretations4 ,"s held t x impli$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ecclesia/ical prop]ty set aside1 f ! rev5ues ( :i* ! hold] ( ! b5efice w\ld d]ive 8 income4 ,h5ce ! rev5ues ( p>i% prie/s 9 ^! ,k+doms1 aris+ f c]ta9 & volunt>y (f]+s ( ! fai?ful1 7 n fix$ rev5ues1 did n fulfil ! conditions ( end[m5t1 & p>i%es mu/ n be reg>d$ z b5efices4 ,?is op9ion is no long] t5able4 ,canon #adaj says3--,! end[m5t ( a ,b5efice is con/itut$ ei!r by prop]ty1 ! own]%ip ( :i* p]ta9s to ! ,juridical entity itself1 or by c]ta9 & obligatory paym5ts ( any family or moral p]sonality1 or by c]ta9 & volunt>y (f]+s ( ! fai?ful :i* app]ta9 to ! rector ( ! b5efice1 or1 z !y are call$ /ole fees1 )9 ! limits ( diocesan taxation or legitimate cu/om1 or *oral di/ributions1 exclusive ( a ?ird "p ( ! same1 if all ! rev5ues ( ! b5efice consi/ ( *oral di/ributions4 ,?is ,canon seems to make x cle> t ! second condition is fulfill$ 9 all ! p>i%es ( ^! ,k+doms1 s9ce to ! sacr$ (fice is atta*$ ! "r ( receiv+ rev5ue f ! c]ta9 & volunt>y (f]+s ( ! fai?ful or f /ole fees or f bo?4 ,! ?ird condition1 erection by ecclesia/ical au?ority1 is qualifi$ by ,canon #adah :i* prescribes t b5efices %\ld be erect$ by a legitimate docum5t def9+ ! place ( ! b5efice1 its end[m5t & ! duties & rights ( ! p]son appo9t$4 ,?is law has n an invalidat+ clause1 h5ce x is n n[ necess>y nor ev] 0 x necess>y to h su* a writt5 docum5t4 ,a valid appo9tm5t 0 & c be made )\t any writ+4 ,:]e ^! ?ree conditions are fulfill$ !re is a b5efice1 true1 real1 & canonical4 ,normally p>i%es are b5efices4 7,see ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record1 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 ,no4 #fbc2 & ,iri% ,!ological ,qu>t]ly1 ,octob]1 #aiag1 p4 #bji47 ,e cl]ic 9 holy ord]s is b\nd "u pa9 ( mortal s9 to recite daily ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,no ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 no ,pope1 has made su* a law1 b ! old-e/abli%$ cu/om has gr[n1 until x has ! =ce ( a law 7,b5$4 ,,xiv41 ,in/ructio ,cop?>um74 ,au?ors are n agre$ z to ! date ( ! fir/ traces ( ?is old cu/om4 ,billu>t quotes ! text ( ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age to prove t x exi/$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ,cl]icus1 qui absque corpusculi sui inequalitate vigiliis dee/1 /ip5diis privatus1 excommunicatur4 ,gavantus c f9d traces ( x only z late z ! six? c5tury4 ,sev]al decrees ( prov9cial c\ncils reg>d+ ?is cu/om are quot$ by writ]s on liturgy4 ,h[ev]1 ! matt] is cle>ly & def9itely dealt ) by ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an 7#abac7 & by ! ,bulls1 ,quod a nobis & ,ex proximo1 ( ,pope ,pius ,v4 7#aega74 ,?is ,pope expressly /ates t wilful omission ( ! ,div9e ,(fice is a grave s9--grave peccatum intelligat se commissise4 ,! obligation ( recit+ ! (fice b9ds ^? 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be excommunicat$1 susp5d$1 degrad$ or imprison$4 ,! obligation b9ds = ! fir/ "t :5 subdeacon%ip has be5 conf]r$4 ,subdeacons are b\nd to recite ! h\r 9 ! (fice ( ! day1 correspond+ to ! "t ( _! ord9ation4 ,if ! ord9ation is f9i%$ be=e n9e o'clock1 ! sub-deacon is b\nd to beg9 8 recitation ) ,t]ce4 ,if ! ord9ation is held betwe5 n9e o'clock & mid-day ! recitation beg9s ) ,sext4 ,! "q is discuss$ by !ologians if ! recitation ( ,t]ce or ,sext may be lawfully & validly made be=e ! ord9ation4 ,"s au?ors d5y t x may be ju/ly & lawfully done1 :ile o!rs1 ) "s probability1 affirm t be=e ord9ation ! debt may be paid 9 advance4 ,are prie/s b\nd to foll[ ! ,prop] 9 _! own diocese8 ,!y are1 if x has be5 approv$ by ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 7,s4,r4,c41 #deig-dgdf74 ,b a prie/ travell+ 7p]egr9us7 %\ld recite ! (fice accord+ to ! cal5d> ( ! *ur* to :i* he is atta*$ regul>ly1 b ! obligation ( foll[+ ! cal5d> ( 8 home *ur* 0 n b9d+ by a grave precept4 ,a reply ( ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 7,nov41 #ahca7 arrang$ 7#a7 t b5efic$ cl]gy are always b\nd to recite ! (fice ( _! own prop] *ur* or diocese2 7#b7 t simple prie/s may read ei!r ! (fice z arrang$ = ! place !y t>ry 9 or travel 91 or ! (fice ( _! own home diocese2 7#c7 = unatta*$ prie/s 7vagi7 x is ! wis] ord] to foll[ ! (fice z laid d[n 9 _! own diocese4 ,mu/ e hold] ( a b5efice read ! ,div9e ,(fice8 ,e hold] is b\nd1 "u pa9 ( mortal s91 to recite ! ,div9e ,(fice daily1 if ! b5efice be an ecclesia/ical b5efice fulfill+ ! conditions nam$ above4 ,! omission ( ! recital ( ! ,div9e ,(fice by a b5efic$ p]son is a grave s9 aga9/ ! virtue ( religion & a grave s9 aga9/ ! virtue ( ju/ice4 ,= ! ,*ur* imposes on ! b5efici>y ! duty ( ! ,(fice recital1 on condition t he may n take ! fruits ( 8 b5efice if he d n recite ! ,(fice4 ,:at s9 is committ$ by ! omission ( a notable "p ( ! daily (fice8 ,he :o wilfully omits a notable "p ( ! daily ,div9e ,(fice commits a mortal s94 ,a notable "p ( ! ,div9e ,(fice = any day is held by "s !ologians to be ! omission ( "o psalm 9 "o ( ! small h\rs1 or a correspond+ quantity ( matt] 9 lessons1 responses1 etc4 ,!y hold t su* wilful omission is a grave s94 ,o!r !ologians hold--& _! op9ion is ! m common & ! m probable "o--t1 al?\gh "o psalm is a notable "p ( a small h\r1 9 relation to ! :ole (fice x is n a notable "p1 & its omission is n a grave matt]4 ,^! !ologians hold t ! wilful omission ( an entire small h\r or equival5t matt] 7e4g41 ,sext1 or ! ?ird nocturn ( ,mat9s7 is an omission ( a notable "p & _c be excus$ f grave s94 ,! omission ( ! entire (fice ( a day1 ! sev5 canonical h\rs1 is held by "s !ologians to c>ry ! guilt ( sev5 mortal s9s4 ,because1 !re is a diff]5t precept = ea* h\r & ! omission ( ea* h\r violates a precept4 ,! ,salam5tic5ses ?9k ?is op9ion probable4 ,! m common & ! m correct op9ion is t by su* omission only "o s9 is committ$4 ,& ! !ologians :o hold ?is op9ion say t ! recitation ( ! canonical h\rs is impos$ "u "o precept only1 & h5ce !re is only "o obligation embrac+ ! sev5 h\rs4 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,/4 ,alphonsus 7n4 #adh7 :o quotes sev]al au?ors 7includ+ ,lessius1 ,san*ez & ,/4 ,anton9us7 9 support4 ,if a p]son 9 ,holy ,ord]s omit sev]al h\rs ) a retractation1 or a moral int]ruption 9 8 s9ful int5tions1 he may commit sev]al mortal s9s1 because all ! omissions1 :i* 9 !mselves are grave matt]1 may become indep5d5t ( ea* o!r by ! int]ruption & r5ewal ( ! int5tion 7,/4 ,alphonsus1 n4 #adh74 ,:at mu/ a p]son d :o has a d\bt t he has omitt$ some?+ 9 8 recitation ( ! (fice8 ,is he b\nd to make assurance d\bly sure by recit+ ! "p ( :i* he d\bts8 ,if ! d\bt be a positive d\bt1 t is1 if he h good reason to believe t he has recit$ x1 he is n b\nd to any?+ fur!r reg>d+ ! "p 9 "q4 ,= in/ance1 if a prie/ rememb]s hav+ />t$ ! recitation ( a lesson1 & 9 a %ort "t f9ds himself at ! end ( x1 & _c be sure if he h recit$ x1 ! presumption is 9 fav\r ( ! prie/ & ( ! recitation1 because x is 8 cu/om to recite completely :atev] "p he comm5ces4 ,he has1 ?us1 moral c]ta9ty t he has satisfi$ ! precept1 & x is n necess>y to repeat x2 if ! necessity = repetition be admitt$ 9 su* a case1 a fruitful s\rce ( scruples is op5$ up4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! d\bt be negative--t is to say1 if a p]son has no reasonable motive = believ+ t he has recit$ ! full (fice or ! full h\r1 he is b\nd to recite ! "p omitt$1 because 9 su* a d\bt1 ! precept ( recitation is1 z ! !ologians say1 9 possession4 7,/4 ,alphonsus1 n4 #aej74 ,x is n all[$ to *ange any?+ nor to add any?+ to ! daily (fice )\t p]mission4 ,! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 7#aj ,june1 #afij1 n4 #cbbb7 repli$ to a qu]y1 t 9 sa9ts' (fices no?+ is to be add$ & no?+ is to be *ang$1 & ?is reply applies to all sorts ( (fices1 old & new4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,to ,,be ,,obs]v$ ,,9 ,,recit+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice4 ,9 recit+ ! ,div9e ,(fice two po9ts ( ord] are to be not$3 7#a7 ! ord] or arrangem5t ( (fices1 7#b7 ! ord] or arrangem5t ( ,h\rs4 ,! ord] ( (fices indicates :i* (fice is to be said on ea* day z laid d[n 9 ! cal5d>4 ,! ord] ( ! ,h\rs po9ts out :i* ( ! sev5 h\rs %\ld be recit$1 fir/ly1 secondly1 etc41 ,mat9s1 ,lauds1 ,prime1 ,t]ce1 etc4 ,x is ( obligation to obs]ve bo? ord]s4 ,b is x a s9 to *ange wilfully ! ord] ( ! (fice8 ,x is n1 if !re be a reasonable cause = ! *ange4 ,= in/ance1 if a prie/ _c say ! (fice prop] to 8 diocese on a c]ta9 day1 b says "s o!r approv$ (fice1 ! *ange is n a s94 ,b if a prie/1 ex indu/ria1 sub/itute "o (fice = ano!r1 x is p] se a v5ial s92 b if an (fice be said :i* is v mu* %ort] ?an ! cal5d> (fice1 or if ?is *ang+ or sub/itut+ be s frequ5t z to di/urb gravely ! good ord] ( ! ye>'s (fices1 ! s9 may be 7&1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 is7 a mortal s94 ,x is ask$ :e!r a p]son fulfils 8 debt to ! ,*ur* if he has recit$ by mi/ake an (fice o!r ?an ! "o assign$ 9 ! cal5d> ( ! day4 ,!ologians tea* t su* a recitation fulfils ! debt4 ,! ,*ur* does n wi% to impose a second recitation1 & h] axiom (ficium pro (ficio valet holds1 provid$ always t ! ord] ( ! psalms z laid d[n 9 ! new psalt]y is foll[$4 ,?is ord] is necess>y always = validity4 ,h[ev]1 if ! sub/itut$ (fice be v mu* %ort] ?an ! omitt$ (fice1 x is advis$ to equalise !m by recit+ ! psalms ( ,mat9s1 ,?is is a c\nsel & 0 n laid d[n by !ologians z an obligation4 ,an (fice ?us omitt$ is n to be transf]r$ to ano!r day 7,s4,c4,r41 ,june #ag?1 #afgc74 ,! (fice may be omitt$ altoge!r = t ye>4 ,if !re be leisure ! omitt$ (fice %\ld be recit$4 ,?is practice is 9 con=mity ) ! _s ( ! liturgy & ) ! "r ord] ( ! cal5d>4 ,! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites1 que/ion$ on ?is matt]1 repli$ sic deb]e fi]i1 su* %\ld be done4 ,if a prie/ recites by mi/ake "o day's (fice = ano!r 7e4g41 ! ,tuesday (fice on a ,monday7 he is b\nd to recite ,tuesday's (fice on ,tuesday 7,/4 ,alphonsus74 ,if1 h[ev]1 aft] a portion ( ! (fice has be5 read1 x is notic$ t a mi/ake has be5 made 9 read+ ! cal5d> or ! ,ordo1 & t ! (fice p>tly recit$ is n ! (fice ( ! curr5t day1 :at is to be done8 ,if ! prie/ has )\t fault made ! mi/ake ( recit+ "s (fice n ascrib$ to ! curr5t day1 he is n b\nd to repeat ! "p already recit$ 7e4g41 ,mat9s72 x is suffici5t1 valid & lawful to foll[ ! correct (fice 9 ! foll[+ ,h\rs4 ,! prie/ recit+ is n b\nd to repeat ev5 "p ( an h\r1 if he f9ds out 8 mi/ake dur+ ! recitation ( ev5 a small h\r4 ,& he may f9i% ! psalm or hymn or pray] :i* he 0 recit+ :5 he discov]$ 8 mi/ake1 & he may !n take up ! correct (fice at ! "p or h\r at :i* he leaves (f1 or he may f9i% ! ,h\r at :i* he 0 engag$4 ,! =m] solution ( ! difficulty seems ! bett]1 z x m accurately agrees ) ! maxim1 error corrigatur ubi appreh5ditur4 ,if ! error 9 ! select+ ( ! (fice has be5 wilful1 say1 ?r\gh gross c>elessness1 & is ! fault ( ! prie/ :o *anges a notable "p ( a canonical ,h\r1 he is oblig$--! m probable op9ion tea*es--to repeat ! full ,h\r1 & ?is obligation b9ds "u pa9 ( v5ial s9--i4e41 ! obligation to recite ! (fice 9 ! prescrib$ mann]4 ,:at is a p]son b\nd to d :o =gets "p ( an ,h\r--is he oblig$ to repeat ! full ,h\r8 ,he is b\nd to recite ! "p =gott5 only1 unless ! mi/ake be made ?r\gh gross c>elessness1 & unless x be a consid]able "p 7e4g41 two nocturns72 9 t case he is b\nd "u pa9 ( v5ial s9 to repeat ! full ,h\r4 ,if a p]son say ! same ,h\r 7e4g41 ,t]ce7 twice1 may he comp5sate = extra lab\r by ! omission ( an equival5t "p 7e4g41 ,none78 ,su* omission is unlawful2 he mu/ recite all ! ,h\rs )\t omission 7,scav9i1 #cia74 ,is !re an obligation to repeat ! ,h\rs 9 ! ord] fix$ 9 ! ,brevi>y8 ,yes1 !re is su* an obligation4 ,& a p]son may s9 v5ially by ! inv]sion ( ! ,h\rs1 ,! obligation b9ds sub v5iali only4 ,! inv]sion does n mean any grave brea* ( ord]1 :i* is fix$ by a second>y precept & z a circum/ance ( light importance4 ,if ! :ole (fice be recit$1 ! sub/ance ( ! (fice--:i* is ! ma9 & prim>y matt]--is safegu>d$4 ,sev]al au?ors argu$ t any inv]sion ( ! ,canonical ,h\rs1 if frequ5t1 is a mortal s91 b ! op9ion :i* says t ! inv]sion ( ! ,h\rs is only a v5ial s9 is ! m probable 7,/4 ,alph4 #afi2 ,gury1 #gg2 ,lehmkuhl ,,ii41 #fba74 ,:i* causes ju/ify an inv]sion ( ! ,h\rs8 ,any reasonable cause ju/ifies ?is inv]sion4 ,?us1 if a fri5d invite a prie/ to jo9t recitation ( an ,h\r1 & ! prie/ h n ! prec$+ canonical ,h\rs recit$1 he is ju/ifi$ 9 accept+ ! invitation & 9 inv]t+ ! ord] ( ! ,h\rs4 ,or if a p]son h a ,diurnal only at h&1 he may read ! day ,h\rs1 al?\gh he h n ,mat9s = ! day read4 ,aga91 a prie/ may n h ! lessons = ,mat9s at h&1 b he may recite ! psalms = ,mat9s1 ,lauds1 & add ! lessons at ,mat9s :5 !y are to h& 7,gury1 n4 #gh2 ,/4 ,alph41 n4 #agj74 ,is x a s9 to say ,mat9s = foll[+ day be=e f9i%+ (fice ( curr5t day8 ,"s !ologians answ] affirmatively1 because ! (fice ( ! curr5t day %\ld be complete be=e ano!r (fice is begun4 ,o!rs hold t su* recitation is bo? valid & licit1 z ! (fice ( "o day & its obligation h no bond ) ! (fice ( ano!r day1 & t any reasonable cause exempts f all s9 or fault 7,gury1 n4 #gi74 ,n to recite ! commemorations 9 ! prescrib$ ord] set out 9 ! ,ordo is held by "s !ologians to be a v5ial s91 z !y hold t ! rubric is preceptive2 o!rs hold t x is n any s91 z !y say t ! rubric is directive4 ,,article ,,iii4--,,"t ,,( ,,recitation4 ,! "t fix$ = ! recitation ( ! entire (fice ( ! day is f midnight to ! midnight foll[+1 & anyone b\nd to recite ! ,div9e ,(fice does n s9 gravely if he has recit$ c>efully ! entire (fice ( ! day betwe5 ^! limits ( "t2 because1 )9 ^! limits1 ! sub/ance ( ! obligation b9d+ to "t is fulfill$4 ,( c\rse1 x is lawful 9 virtue ( a privilege grant$ by ! ,*ur* to recite on ! previ\s ev5+ ,mat9s & ,lauds = ! foll[+ day4 ,9 ! recitation ! times fix$ by ! ,*ur* = ea* h\r %\ld be obs]v$4 ,b ! non-recital at ^? fix$ times is nev] a mortal s9 & is r>ely a v5ial s91 unless _! po/ponem5t or anticipation is )\t cause4 ,:5 may a prie/ beg9 ! recitation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds = ! foll[+ day8 ,!re 7 two diff]5t replies giv5 to ?is "q4 ,"o op9ion /at$ t x 0 lawful to beg9 ,mat9s & ,lauds aft] #b o'clock1 p4m41 & ?is c\ld be lawfully done e day 9 ! ye>1 & 9 e l&4 ,ano!r op9ion--& ,/4 ,alphonsus calls x s5t5tia v]ior--d5ies t su* a c\rse is lawful4 ,! old ,fr5* ,brevi>ies gave a hor>ium arrang+ ! h\r ( anticipation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds1 s t no "o %\ld1 ?r\gh tem]ity or ignorance1 beg9 ! anticipation be=e ! sun _h pass$ half way 9 its c\rse betwe5 mid-day & sunset4 ,on ,janu>y #bj? ! "t to beg9 ! anticipation ( h\rs 0 #b4ae p4m41 b on ,june #h? ! anticipation 0 n to beg9 till #d p4m4 ,n[adays1 ! fir/ op9ion is held almo/ univ]sally4 ,! pr9cipal int]nal argum5t = ?is op9ion is ! tea*+ t ! anticipation may beg9 f ! public h\r ( fir/ vesp]s1 & ^! may be recit$ publicly accord+ to pres5t-day cu/om at #b p4m4 ,!re=e1 ?is "t1 #b o'clock p4m41 is ! beg9n+ ( ! ecclesia/ical day1 & c be tak5 z ! "t = private anticipation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds4 ,! ext]nal argum5t 9 fav\r ( ?is op9ion is ! au?ority ( !ologians4 ,9 #aije1 ! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 0 ask$ ! "q ,utrum 9 privata recitatione ,matut9um sequ5tis diei incipi possit1 #b;da pom]iddiane84 ,! reply 01 ,consulantur probati auctores 7,acta ,sanctae ,s$is ,,xxxvii41 p4 #gab74 ,n[ _m approv$ au?ors 7e4g41 ,lehmkuhl1 ,,ii41 #gic2 ,ball]9i-,palmi]i1 ,,iv4 #eae2 ,slat] ,i41 p4 #fji7 hold t x is lawful1 privately1 to anticipate ,mat9s & ,lauds at #b o'clock1 p4m4 ,lehmkuhl1 :o previ\sly fav\r$ a /rict] view1 0 compell$1 9 ! late/ editions ( 8 ,moral ,!ology1 to say ( ?is op9ion :i* all[s anticipation to beg9 at #b o'clock1 p4m43 ,quae s5t5tia hodie a multis usque gravissimis viris t5etur et obs]vatur1 ut1 spectata consuetud9e1 extr9seca saltem probabilitas neg>i nequit4 ,we conclude1 accord+ly1 t always & ev]y:]e ! private anticipation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds may beg9 at #b p4m4 7cf4 ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record1 ,fif? ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,no4 #eda74 ,d\bts h aris5 9 connection ) "t *anges made by v>i\s ,/ates 9 ,europe4 ,! v>i\s s*emes ( new "t1 ( daylight sav+1 ( co-ord9ations ( "t1 uni=mity ( "t all ?r\gh c]ta9 ,/ates1 h giv5 rise to d\bts & qu]ies reg>d+ ! "t = fulfill+ ! precept ( ! (fice & also reg>d+ ! "t = lawful anticipation ( ,mat9s & ,lauds4 ,^! d\bts 7 solv$ sev]al ye>s ago1 & n[ !re is no long] any difficulty or anxiety ov] true "t1 new "t1 legal "t1 9 relation to matt]s ecclesia/ical4 ,9 reply to qu]ies1 ,dr4 ,m4 ,j4 ,o',donnell1 9 ! ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record 7,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #ehb71 expla9s cle>ly ?is "t difficulty & its solution by ! ,congregation ( ! ,c\ncil on #bbnd ,july1 #ahic4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,tri] expla9$ to ! ,congregation ( ! ,c\ncil t ow+ to ! ,/ate legislation 9 ! ,g]man ,empire all public clocks %\ld regi/] ! same "t1 & t ?is meant t 9 8 diocese ! legal computation diff]s by half an h\r f ! mean "t4 ,may cl]ics foll[ ! legal "t 9 recit+ ! ,div9e ,(fice8 0 ! bi%op's "q4 ,! ,congregation ( ! ,c\ncil answ]$ by a simple affirmative4 ,9 #ahib1 ,gre5wi* "t 0 introduc$ = ,/ate purposes into all railway1 po/al1 & ,gov]nm5t (fices 9 ,holl&4 ,! qu]y 0 put to ! ,congregation ( ! ,inquisition if ! cl]gy & p might1 = ! purpose ( fa/ & o!r ecclesia/ical obligations1 foll[ ! new "t1 or 7 !y oblig$ to reta9 ! true "t8 ,! reply 0 affirmative ad primam3 negative ad secundam p>tem4 ,9 a ^w1 ! con/ant ,roman answ] has be5 ',d z y please'2 s f> z ! approval ( ! legal "t is conc]n$ x confirms ! conclusion ( ! editor ( ! ,acta 7xxxii-#bea7 t 9 comput+ "t ! ,*ur* foll[s ! rule t regulates all bus9ess conc]ns 9 diff]5t localities4444 ,9 ! meantime1 tak+ into acc\nt ! conv5tional "* ( '"t' & ! lib]al pr9ciples ( ,rome 9 ! pa/1 we h no d\bt t ev]yone1 prie/ or layman1 is fully ju/ifi$ 9 foll[+ ! new "t if he feels s incl9$4 7,see ,codex ,juris4 ,canon41 ,c4 #cc74 ,are prie/s b\nd to recite ,mat9s & ,lauds be=e ,mass8 ,! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! ,ritus s]v&us 9 celebratione ,missae 9 ! ,missal conta9s ! clause saltem ,malut9o cum ,laudibus absoluto1 ,! ^w saltem indicates t ! ,*ur* notifies ! m9imum & expects a fur!r h\r1 ,prime or ev5 o!rs ( ! small h\rs1 to be f9i%$ be=e ,mass4 ,b !ologians hold t !re is no grave obligation = su* prior-to-,mass recital1 & t any reasonable cause excuses f ! obligation 7,lehmkuhl ,,ii41 #fbh74 ,9 connection ) ?is matt] a v in/ructive & devotional essay 9 ! ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record 7,f\r? ,s]ies ,,xxxi41 n4 #ecc7 by ,fa!r ,m4 ,russell1 ,s4,j41 is well wor? read+4 ,x is entitl$ ,a ,neglect$ ,adv]b2 ! adv]b be+ saltem1 f ! clause quot$4 ,at :at times %\ld ! small h\rs be recit$8 ,prime may be1 &1 probably ) m appropriat5ess1 %\ld be us$ z morn+ pray] & said be=e ,mass4 ,t]ce & ,sext may be said be=e mid-day1 or ,sext & ,none may be said aft] mid-day4 ,vesp]s %\ld be said aft] mid-day4 ,compl9e 0 ! night pray] ( ! monks1 :o probably in/itut$ ! h\r4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! sub/ance ( ! law ( recitation is fulfill$ if ! :ole (fice ( ! day be recit$ be=e midnight1 & t ! obligation = entire & complete recitation is grave2 :ile ! recitation ( ! h\rs at set h\rs ( ! day is a light obligation4 ,,article ,,iv4-,,( ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,recitation ,,& ,,! ,,attitude ,,9 ,,recit+ ,,! ,,(fice4 ,:]e %\ld ! ,div9e ,(fice be recit$8 ,! ,div9e ,(fice %\ld be recit$ 9 ! place int5d$ & set ap>t by ! ,*ur* = t purpose--viz41 9 ! *oir or 9 ! ,*ur* 7,con4 ,trid41 sess4 #bd74 ,canons & religi\s are b\nd to recite _! (fice 9 *oir2 ( c\rse1 ?is ref]s to ,canons 9 resid5ce at a ca!dral = daily s]vice1 & to religi\s 9 ! /rict application ( ! t]m4 ,! ,div9e ,(fice may be recit$ by prie/s any:]e1 9 ! *ur*1 9 a dwell+-h\se1 walk+1 9 ! fields1 etc4 ,9 recit+ ! (fice a prie/ %\ld obs]ve an attitude 9 h>mony ) ! great "w 9 :i* he is engag$1 pray] to ,god4 ,h5ce1 8 attitude %\ld be becom+1 on 8 knees1 /&+1 sitt+1 walk+1 b n sprawl+ or ly+4 ,! rubrics :i* prescribe kneel+1 sitt+1 /&+1 apply to *oir recitation only4 ,b writ]s recomm5d t 9 private recitation ^! directions %\ld n be altoge!r omitt$1 & !y say t ! practice ( ^! rubrics ( kneel+1 b[+1 /&+1 etc41 is laudable & an aid to dev\t recital4 ,,article ,v4--,,pronunciation ,,( ,,! ,,words4 ,:at k9d ( pronunciation is to be att5d$ to 9 ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice8 ,! pronunciation %\ld be vocal--t is1 !re %\ld be "s s\nd1 aliquis sonitus v]borum1 z ,/4 ,alphonsus writes 7n4 #afb74 ,h5ce1 to read ! ,brevi>y m]ely m5tally or ) ! eyes only1 does n satisfy ! obligation4,a ,al?\gh ! read] may n he> ! s\nd produc$1 he mu/ be c>eful to =m ) 8 lips e syllable4 ,?is mu/ be done1 n necess>ily 9 a ?roaty way4 ,! =mation ( ! words cle>ly ) ! lips suffices4 ,b writ]s on ?is po9t emphasise ! importance ( audible recitation z a prev5tive ( slurr$1 mutilat$ ,lat9ity1 :i* (t5 leads to c>eless1 or ev5 invalid recitation4 ,!y note1 too1 t ! read+ ) ! eye m]ely1 is a habit :i* read]s br+ f ! read+ ( o!r books to _! read+ ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,g]man au?ors dwell at l5g? on ! fact t _m prie/s1 v e>ly 9 _! c>e]1 contract ! habit ( faulty vocalisation ( liturgy1 & t !y nev] seem to notice _! fault1 or at lea/ nev] seem to attempt an am5dm5t4 ,^! au?ors attribute ! defect to sub-voce recitation & recomm5d audible recitation1 long & frequ5t audible recitation1 to all prie/s read+ _! h\rs4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! privilege ( m5tal recitation 0 grant$ to ! ,fri> ,m9or by ,pope ,leo ,x4 & ,pius ,v41 b x is probable t ! privilege 0 )drawn by ,pope ,gregory ,,xv4 9 #afbb1 9 8 lett] ,romanus ,pontifex2 & ,urban ,,viii41 #afce1 )drew all privileges grant$ vivae vocis oraculo4 ,! text ( ! docum5t grant+ ! privilege is obscurely word$4 ,/ill1 sev]al !ologians ( repute ma9ta9 t ! privilege /ill exi/s & ext5ds to ! :ole (fice4 ,?is is taught by ! ,sal>a5tic5ses1 ,de hor4 c4 cap4 #c1 n4 #ee2 ,tambur9i1 ,rodriguez1 etc41 o!rs oppos$ ?is view ( ! privilege exi/+ aft] ,pope ,urban's lett] ,alias4 ,?is privilege ext5ds to secul> prie/s :o are ,franciscan t]ti>ies1 if x exi/s at all4 ,c a prie/ fulfil 8 obligation by recit+ ! (fice ) a companion8 ,yes1 he c1 = su* recitation is ! ,*ur*'s ideal2 & ! prie/ :o says 8 "p 7alt]nate v]ses1 etc471 z 9 *oir1 fulfils 8 obligation1 ev5 :5 8 companion is a layman or an inatt5tive p]son4 ,9 su* recitation a prie/ %\ld be c>eful 7#a7 t 8 recitation be ( alt]nate v]ses1 7#b7 t ! v]se recitation be successive & n simultane\s1 7#c7 t ! v]ses1 etc41 *ant$ by "o companion 7or by "o *oir7 be he>d by ! o!r companion or *oir4 ,!re is no necessity = a prie/ at su* recitation to say "o v]se 9 a l\d voice & to say 8 companion's v]ses 9 a l[1 inaudible voice4 ,"s prie/s d ?is ) di/ress+ results4 ,imp]fect vocal recitation (t5 leads to d\bts & scruples 9 old age :5 rem$ies ei!r _c be appli$ or prove useless4 ,^? :o recite ! (fice 9 *oir are b\nd by ! rubrics conc]n+ kneel+1 sitt+1 /&+1 etc4 ,secondly1 !y are b\nd to obs]ve ! rules ( ! liturgy1 especially ! rule z to ! /op 9 ea* v]se at ! a/]isk m>k4 ,?irdly1 !y are b\nd to recite cle>ly & di/9ctly2 b ev5 if !y _c he> di/9ctly ! alt]nate *oir1 or ev5 if !y recite 9 a l[ voice1 !y fulfil ! obligation ( recitation2 & canons are b\nd at ,ca!dral (fices to s+ & *ant or to lose _! manual di/ributions & ! fruits ( _! preb5ds4 ,if a p]son recit+ 8 (fice ) a companion or 9 a *oir does n und]/& ! words recit$ by 8 companion or by ! *oir1 he is n b\nd at ! end to repeat ! "p :i* he did n und]/&1 because su* a p]son has ! int5tion ( (f]+ pray] & praise to ,god1 & t int5tion suffices4 ,moreov]1 ! ,*ur*'s precept ( recit+ ! (fice %\ld he int]pret$ b5ignly1 o!rwise x mu/ give rise to _m scruples2 =1 companions 9 recitation1 !n1 always1 %\ld be anxi\s z to ! duty ( repetition or ! non-fulfill$ duty ( complete recitation4 ,pronunciation ( ! words ( ! (fice %\ld be integral4 ,t is1 ! words & syllables are to be repeat$ fully )\t mutilation or abbreviation4 ,h5ce1 if mutilation ( ! words occur to su* an ext5t t ! s5se or mean+ ( ! words is notably *ang$1 mortal s9 may be committ$4 ,b if ! mutilation be small 9 quantity !re is only a v5ial s9 committ$1 & (t5 no s9 at all may be committ$1 z ! mutilation ( words or syllables may be q involunt>y1 or may be done inadv]t5tly1 or may arise f an invet]ate habit v difficult to correct1 & 9 ! attempt to cure x "t & pati5ce may h be5 sp5t 7,/4 ,alph41 #afd-afe74 ,?is bad habit1 if x ext5d ov] a l>ge portion ( ! recitation & de/roy notably ! s5se ( ! words1 may b9d sub gravi to repetition1 z ?is fault or habit affects ! v sub/ance ( recitation4 ,prie/s seldom are b\nd to su* a repetition1 z ! mutilation is n de/ructive to ! s5se ( a notable "p ( ! (fice & h5ce does n affect ! sub/ance ( ! obligation to vocal recital4 ,/4 ,alphonsus holds 7n4 #afe71 t ! obligation is fulfill$ z long z ! mean+ is n de/roy$1 qu&o s]vatur aliqua significatio v]borum4 ,pronunciation %\ld be cont9u\s4 ,t is1 ! recitation ( ea* h\r %\ld be cont9u\s1 non-int]rupt$1 & e notable /oppage or break 9 ! recitation ( a canonical h\r is a v5ial s91 if !re be no excus+ cause = su* an int]ruption4 ,any reasonable cause = int]ruption 7e4g41 to obey a bell call1 to see a p>i%ion] :o calls1 to he> a confession7 excuses f all fault 7,/4 ,alph41 n4 #afh74 ,if ! recital ( ! (fice = any canonical h\r be int]rupt$1 %\ld ! :ole h\r be repeat$8 ,"s !ologians say t x %\ld be repeat$4 ,b ! m probable op9ion d5ies t !re is any su* obligation2 x holds t ! union ( ! pray]s prescrib$ by ! ,*ur* is n brok51 z ea* psalm1 ea* lesson1 ea* pray]1 has a complete signification & !y are unit$ suffici5tly 9 "o r\nd ( pray] by ! int5tion =m$ ( cont9u+ ! ,h\r1 or ev5 by ! actual cont9uation4 ,gury /ates t a prie/ int]rupt+ ! (fice betwe5 ! v]ses ( a psalm is n b\nd to repeat ! entire psalm on resum+ ! recitation1 z he says ea* v]se has its own signification4 ,may ,mat9s be said sep>ately f ,lauds )\t any excus+ cause8 ,yes1 = x 0 ! practice ( ! e>ly ,*ur* to say ^! p>ts ( ! liturgy at times sep>at$ by int]vals4 ,b if ,mat9s be said sep>ately1 )\t ,lauds foll[+ imm$iately4 ,pat] ,no/] ) ,dom9us ,vobiscum & ! pray] ( ! day %\ld be said at ! end ( ! ,te ,deum1 ,if ,lauds foll[ ,mat9s imm$iately ! ,pat] & ,ave %\ld n be said1 = ! ,congregation 7same decree7 says ,laudes incoh&as ut 9 ,psalt]io1 b 9 ! ,psalt] ! ,pat] & ,ave are n assign$ = ! beg9n+ ( ,lauds4 ,a notable "t may elapse betwe5 ! nocturns ( ,mat9s )\t any excus+ cause4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ur* int]vals occurr$ betwe5 ea* nocturn4 ,"s au?ors /ate t an int]val ( ?ree h\rs betwe5 two nocturns is q lawful1 ev5 :5 !re be no cause = ! delay4 ,) a reasonable cause ! int]val may la/ z long z ! excus+ cause requires4 ,,article ,,vi4--,,int5tion ,,& ,,att5tion4 ,! valid recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice requires t ! prie/ %\ld h 9 8 m9d an int5tion ( pray+1 = ! ,div9e ,(fice is a true & real pray]1 n a m]e vocal ex]cise4 ,h5ce1 a prie/ read+ 8 (fice z a m]e /udy or z a means ( rememb]+ ! words ( ! psalms does n validly recite 8 (fice 7,/4 ,alph41 n4 #agf74 ,n[1 :at sort ( int5tion is be/ & :at sort ( int5tion is necess>y8 ,an actual1 explicit int5tion :i* /ates expressly :5 ! ,brevi>y is op5$1 ,i int5d to pray1 is ! be/ int5tion4 ,! dev\t recital ( ! pray] ,ap]i ,dom9e expresses well ! be/ =m ( ! actual1 explicit int5tions ( ^? recit+ ! (fice4 ,b su* an express1 actual int5tion is n necess>y2 a virtual int5tion1 :i* f9ds expression 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,brevi>y to recite ! (fice1 suffices4 ,! m]e op5+ ( ! book1 ! f9d+ out ( ! (fice1 ! arrangem5t ( ! book m>k]s1 are ample evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( a virtual int5tion q suffici5t = ! valid recitation ( ! (fice4 ,/4 ,alphonsus writes1 ,imo puto semp] adesse ex]cite1 int5tionem actualem impl5di (ficium 7n4 #agf74 ,?is "q ( int5tion gives great tr\ble to ! timid & scrupul\s1 ^: d\bts & difficulties seem h>d to solve4 ,! common s5se & common practice 9 ev]yday affairs seem to des]t "s p :5 !y prep>e to read ! canonical h\rs4 ,=1 :o has n se5 ! n]v\s1 pi\s1 anxi\s cl]ic1 /upidly lab\r+ to acquire ev5 a suffici5t int5tion be=e beg9n+ 8 h\rs8 ,att5tion 9 read+ ! h\rs is a mu* m discuss$ & mu* m difficult m5tal ef=t4 ,x means ! application ( ! m9d to ! ?+ 9 :i* we are engag$4 ,:5 we li/5 to a conv]sation or :5 we write a lett] ! m9d is fix$ & att5tive to ! matt] spok5 or writt54 ,int5tion is an act ( ! w2 att5tion is an act ( ! und]/&+4 ,att5tion may be ei!r ext]nal or int]nal4 ,ext]nal att5tion is att5tion ( su* a k9d t x excludes e ext]ior action physically incompatible ) ! recitation ( ! (fice--e4g41 to write or type a lett]1 to li/5 att5tively to ^? conv]s+1 are acts incompatible ) ! simultane\s recitation ( ! (fice4 ,b walk+1 pok+ a fire1 look+ = ! lessons1 :il/ recit+ f memory all ! "t1 are n incompatible ) ! ext]nal att5tion requir$ 9 (fice recital2 because su* acts d n require m5tal ef=t :i* c\ld c\nt z a s]i\s di/urb+ elem5t4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is matt] ( ext]nal att5tion no rule c be =mulat$ = all ,brevi>y read]s2 = :at may lightly di/urb & di/ract "o read] may h no effect on ano!r1 & yet may s]i\sly di/urb ! recitation ( ano!r 7,/4 ,alph41 n4 #agf74 ,ext]nal att5tion is necess>y = ! valid recitation ( ! (fice4 ,int]nal att5tion is application or adv]t5ce ( ! m9d4 ,is su* int]nal att5tion1 su* delib]ate application or m5tal adv]t5ce necess>y = ! valid recitation ( ! (fice8 ,!re are two op9ions on ?is matt]1 two replies to ! "q4 ,accord+ to "o op9ion1 & ?is is ! m common & ! m probable "o1 int]nal att5tion is requir$ = ! valid recitation ( ! ,h\rs4 #a4 ,because ! ,div9e ,(fice is a pray]1 b !re c be no true or real pray] )\t int]nal att5tion1 = pray] is def9$ z an elevation ( ! s\l to ,god1 b if !re be no int]nal att5tion1 !re is no elevation ( ! s\l to ,god1 & no pray]4 #b4 ,our ,"l compla9$ ( ^? :o _h ext]nal att5tion at pray]1 b lack$ int]nal att5tion or adv]t5ce1 ,?is p hon\r me ) _! lips1 b _! he>t is f> f me 7,/4 ,matt4 xv474 #c4 ,! ,*ur* appe>s to dem& int]nal att5tion at pray]1 = al?\gh %e has n giv5 any positive precept deal+ ) ?is k9d ( att5tion1 %e does ! same ?+ :5 %e comm&s t ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice take ! =m ( pray] = ,god's hon\r1 & ?is recitation ( words _c be true pray] )\t int]nal att5tion4 #d4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t seems to exact ?is att5tion :5 x wi%es t ! ,div9e ,(fice be said rev]5tly1 di/9ctly & dev\tly1 rev]5t]1 di/9cte1 devote4 #e4 ,if no int]nal att5tion be requir$ 9 recit+ ! ,h\rs1 x is difficult to see h[ volunt>y di/ractions are =bidd5 by ,div9e ,law4 ,?is is ! op9ion held by ,cajetan 7#adif-aecd71 ,sa 7#aecj-aeif71 ,azor 7#aeci-afjc71 ,san*ez 7#aeej-afaj71 ,roncaglai 7#afgg-agcg71 ,conc9a 7#afhg-agef71 & ,/4 ,alphonsus1 ! great ,doctor ( pray] 7#afif-aghg74 ,accord+ to ! o!r op9ion1 ext]nal att5tion suffices always & ev] to satisfy sub/antially ! obligation ( read+ ! (fice & = ! avoidance ( mortal s9 :i* invalid recitation entails4 ,=1 7#a7 ,to pray is to speak to ,god1 to tru/ 9 ,him1 to manife/ to ,him ! wi%es & wants ( ! s\l2 b ?is c be done by a p]son :o has volunt>y di/ractions ( m9d1 j z a man c read to 8 k+ an address1 sett+ =? ! ?anks & reque/s ( 8 subjects1 al?\gh ! read]'s m9d is f> f dwell+ on ! words or ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ces be=e 8 eyes4 ,b he is c>eful to read all ! words 9 a cle>1 intelligible mann]4 ,n[ ! !ologians :o ma9ta9 ?is op9ion say t1 a =tiori1 ?is me?od ( read+ ! ,h\rs %\ld be valid2 =1 9 ! read+ ! prie/ acts pr9cipally 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*1 z h] m9i/]1 & (f]s up pray]s to ,god 9 h] "n1 & !y say t ! irrev]5ce ( ! s]vant does n r5d] ! pray] ( ! ,*ur* unpleas+ to ,him1 7#b7 ,he :o makes a v[1 & resolves to d a c]ta9 act1 fulfils 8 v[1 ev5 :5 fulfill+ x he acts ) volunt>y di/ractions2 s1 a p>i1 ) ! recitation ( ! (fice1 7#c7 ,! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts--ev5 ! adm9i/ration ( ,extreme ,unction1 ! =m ( :i* is a pray]--) full volunt>y di/ractions is valid2 s1 too1 %\ld be ! recital ( ,brevi>y pray]s4 7#d7 ,9 ! o!r op9ion x is h>d to see h[1 if volunt>y di/ractions de/roy ! sub/ance ( pray]1 involunt>y di/ractions d n produce simil> effect1 & h5ce1 !re c be no pray] if !re be di/raction ( any k9d4 ,?is op9ion 0 held by ,lugo 7#aehc-affj71 ,gobat 7#afjj-afgi71 ,spor] 7#afji-afhc71 ,/4 ,antonnius 7#achi-adei71 & o!r em95t m54 ,x is quot$ by ,/4 ,alphonsus1 z satis probabilis4 ,( x1 ,lehmkuhl writes1 ,quae ad sub/antiam div9i (ficii dicamus satis probabilit] suffic]e cum int5tione or&i obs]vasse att5tionem ext]nam 7,,ii4 #fce74 ,:at are ! divisions or k9ds ( int]nal att5tion8 ,i4 ,objectively !y are 7#a7 spiritual att5tion1 7#b7 lit]al att5tion1 7#c7 sup]ficial or mat]ial att5tion4 ,spiritual att5tion is t adv]t5ce ( s\l :i* t5ds t[>ds ,god1 ! ,t]m ( all pray]1 :5 ! s\l m$itates on ! p[]1 wisdom1 goodness ( ,god1 on ! ,passion1 on ! ,"m ( ,god1 on ,god's sa9ts4 ,lit]al att5tion is t :i* /rives to lay hold ( ! mean+ ( ! words said 9 ! (fice4 ,sup]ficial att5tion is t adv]t5ce ( s\l :i* applies itself to ! correct recitation ( ! words1 avoid+ errors ( pronunciation1 mutilation1 transposition1 etc41 etc4 ,,ii4 ,subjectively1 virtual att5tion suffices2 habitual is divid$ into actual & int]pretative4 ,actual att5tion is t :i* exi/s at ! mom5t--e4g41 ! att5tion paid by a pupil to a "q put by a tea*]4 ,virtual att5tion is att5tion :i* 0 once actual1 b is n su* at ! "t spok5 (1 b :i* lives virtually4 ,habitual is att5tion :i* once 0 actual1 :i* does n rema9 9 act1 b :i* 0 n retract$4 ,int]pretative att5tion is t :i* nev] exi/$ at all1 b :i* w\ld h exi/$ if ! ag5t _h adv]t$4 ,:i* k9d ( int]nal att5tion is requir$ 9 ! read+ ( ! ,(fice8 ,i4 ,objectively1 mat]ial1 or sup]ficial att5tion is necess>y1 s9ce ! ,brevi>y is a vocal pray]1 & !re=e x is necess>y to pron\nce di/9ctly all ! words ( ! day's (fice & to obs]ve ! rubrics4 ,b ?is suffices2 x is n necess>y t a prie/ recit+ 8 ,h\rs %\ld c>efully notice ea* ^w1 x is suffici5t to h g5]al & moral att5tion to recite e "p well1 & ) ! int5tion ( pray+1 ,s$ suffic]e moralem et g5]alem qua quis curet b5e omnia dic]e cum int5tione or&i 7,/4 ,alphonsus74 ,h5ce1 objectively1 nei!r att5tion1 :i* is call$ spiritual1 because x is n easy to atta91 nor ! lit]al att5tion1 :i* religi\s :o d n und]/& ,lat9 /rive aft]1 is ne$$ = valid recitation4 ,by ?is1 x is n meant to convey t spiritual att5tion is n v excell5t & v comm5dable & praisewor?y4 ,subjectively1 virtual att5tion suffices2 habitual does n suffice1 nei!r does int]pretative4 ,be/ ( all is actual att5tion1 b x is n necess>y1 because x is n always )9 ! p[] ( mortals4 ,?is want ( int]nal att5tion is call$ m5tal di/raction4 ,!ologians di/+ui% two k9ds ( di/ractions1 volunt>y & involunt>y4 ,volunt>y di/ractions are ?\ghts :i* ! m9d freely & directly embraces to ! exclusion ( pi\s ?\ghts :i* %\ld occupy x 9 pray]1 ( :i* ! (fice is a high =m2 or !y may be ?\ghts :i* arise f previ\s laz9ess1 ?\ghtlessness1 pre-occupation or "s engross+ worldly affair4 ,involunt>y di/ractions are ^? :i* come unbidd5 & uns\ght to ! m9d1 are nei!r plac$ directly1 nor by _! causes1 by ! p]son at pray]4 ,does a p]son recit+ ! ,h\rs s9 if he h di/ractions8 ,if ! di/ractions be involunt>y !re is no s94 ,b if ! di/ractions be volunt>y !re is s91 ,b1 unless ! m9d be altoge!r fill$ ) di/ractions1 n ?9k+ ( ,god1 ( pray]1 ( ! words or ( ! mean+1 & unless ! di/ractions are fully volunt>y & reflective dur+ a notable "p ( ! (fice1 !re is no mortal s94 ,h5ce1 ,/4 ,alphonsus1 ! great ,doctor ( ,pray]1 wrote1 ut dicatur aliquis (ficio non satisfac]e1 non solum requiritur ut volunt>ie se di/rahat1 s$ etiam ut pl5e adv]tat se di/rahi1 nam alias i/e1 licet sponte se div]tat non tam5 sponte se div]tit a recitatione 7,/4 ,alphonsus1 n4 #agg74 ,!re=e1 be=e a p]son accuse himself ( n satisfy+ ! precept ( recitation1 on acc\nt ( inatt5tion or di/ractions1 he mu/ be able to affirm positively 7#a7t he 0 wilfully di/ract$1 7#b7;he mu/ h notic$ n only 8 di/raction & m5tal occupation by va9 ?\ghts1 b he mu/ h notic$ also t he 0 di/ract$ 9 8 recitation2 7#c7;he mu/ be able to /ate positively t ! int5tion1 resolution or desire to recite pi\sly1 :i* he made at ! beg9n+ ( 8 pray]1 0 revok$ ) full adv]t5ce & t x did n exi/ ei!r actually or virtually dur+ ! "t ( di/raction 9 8 recitation4 ,seldom1 inde$1 are ^! conditions fulfill$1 & seldom are !re gravely s9ful di/ractions4 ,?is subject ( att5tion 9 pray]1 9 ! (ficial pray] ( ! ,*ur*1 is important4 ,long & le>n$ disputes ab\t its nature & requirem5ts occupi$ great ?9k]s 9 times long gone by4 ,to-day !ologians argue on diff]5t sides2 & anxiety1 s]i\s1 pa9ful & life-long1 reigns 9 ! s\ls ( _m :o /ruggle to recite ! (fice1 digne1 att5te ac devote4 ,,article ,,vii4-,,causes ,,:i* ,,excuse ,,f ,,read+ ,,! ,,(fice4 ,au?ors g5]ally give six causes :i* excuse a p]son f say+ ! ,h\rs3 lawful disp5sation1 important "w1 grave illness1 grave fe>1 bl9dness1 want ( a ,brevi>y4 ,!y are record$ 9 ! well-kn[n l9es3-- ,quem ,papa disp5set multus labor opprimit aeg] ,qui timet aut occulus1 (ficioque c>et4 #a4 ,! obligation ( read+ ! ,(fice is impos$ by ! ,*ur* & ! ,pope c disp5se 9 x ev5 )\t cause4 ,bi%ops c give tempor>y disp5sations4 #b4 ,a grave occupation excuses f ! :ole or f a "p ( ! ,(fice4 ,?us1 mission]s giv+ missions or p>i% retreats are excus$ f ! :ole ,(fice2 s1 too1 are prie/ combatants 9 ! battle l9e2 b :5 9 re/ camps !y are b\nd to say ! ,h\rs4 ,a prie/ engag$ 9 say+ 8 ,(fice1 if he receive an urg5t call to a dy+ p]son may n h "t to f9i% 8 ,(fice be=e midnight4 ,he is exempt f ! "p ( ! ,(fice omitt$ & does n s9 by ! omission4 ,! proposition claim+ exemption f ! ,(fice = ^? engag$ 9 great /udies 0 condemn$ by ,pope ,alex&] ,,vii4 ,! biograph]s ( ,lam5nais trace ! beg9n+ ( 8 d[nfall to 8 exemption f 8 daily ,(fice4 ,a difficulty arises sometimes z reg>ds ! full or p>tial or non-exemption ( ^? :o =esee t s]i\s occupation :i* _c be neglect$ mu/ arise to prev5t ! recitation ( ! ,h\rs4 ,9 su* cases prie/s are b\nd to recite ! ,(fice1 or z mu* ( x z possible1 )9 ! limits ( ! curr5t day4 ,9 do+ ?is !y may anticipate ! times fix$ = ! recitation ( ! small ,h\rs1 & !y may anticipate ,vesp]s & ,compl9e by recit+ !m 9 ! =5oon4 ,if a prie/ =esees t he may n be able to recite ,mat9s = next day he is n b\nd to anticipate1 z !re is no obligation to anticipation2 ! obligation is recital betwe5 midnight & midnight4 ,x is becom+ to anticipate1 if possible1 s t ! ,(fice may be full & entire4 ,if be=e midnight !re be a cessation f necess>y pr(essional "w 7e4g41 he>+ confessions71 a prie/ is b\nd to f9i% 8 ,(fice = ! day or to say z mu* ( x z "t all[s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re be "t m]ely to take a necess>y meal be=e midnight 7e4g41 to prep>e = a late ,mass on next day1 ,sunday71 & n "t to eat & to recite1 ! obligation ( say+ ! ,h\rs ceases4 ,a grave illness exempts f ! say+ ( ! canonical ,h\rs4 ,h5ce1 ^? s]i\sly ill1 ^? :o fe> ! say+ ( ! ,(fice may upset !m 9 _! weak /ate1 & convalesc5ts f a s]i\s illness1 are excus$ f say+ ! ,h\rs4 ,9 ?is matt] ! advice ( a spiritual or a m$ical advis] %\ld be fai?fully c>ri$ out by pati5ts4 ,/4 ,alphonsus tea*es t invalids & convalesc5ts may be all[$ to say ,mass & yet n be b\nd to say ! ,(fice1 z ! say+ ( ,mass does n fatigue !m s mu* z ! say+ ( ! ,(fice 7,/4 ,alphonsus1 n4 #aee74 ,a grave fe> exempts f ! say+ ( ! ,(fice4 ,a prie/ among/ furi\s p]secutors ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be excus$ f any recitation ( 8 ,h\rs :i* he fe>s may draw on him cruel or sev]e puni%m5ts4 ,bl9dness makes ! recitation ( ! ,(fice a physical impossibility4 ,ev5 v defective sight1 al?\gh n total bl9dness1 exempts f ! obligation ( say+ ! ,(fice4 ,9 all su* cases a =mal decl>ation ( exemption %\ld be s\ght4 ,"s !ologians hold t su* prie/s1 if !y h committ$ to memory a notable "p ( ! psalms1 %\ld repeat t "p f memory4 ,! new psalt]y makes su* memoris+ an extremely difficult feat & no obligation = su* a repetition f memory c be impos$4 ,want ( a ,brevi>y excuses f ! recitation ( ! ,(fice4 ,= example1 if a prie/ sett+ out on a long j\rney =gets to take 8 ,brevi>y or leaves x 9 a railway c>riage1 & _c procure ano!r1 or _c procure ano!r )\t1 great inconv5i5ce1 he is exempt f ! obligation ( 8 ,(fice2 & ! omission be+ involunt>y is s9less4 ,! wilful ca/+ away ( a ,brevi>y1 z an excuse = n be+ able to read ! ,(fice1 is gravely s9ful2 & unless ! s9ful desire be retract$ !re may be "q ( _m mortal s9s ( wilful omission to fulfil ! obligation1 z ! omissions are !n wilful 9 cause4 ,prie/s travell+ are unable sometimes to recite ! prop] ,(fice ( ! day1 z _! ,brevi>ies lack some?+ 7e4g41 ! prop] pray] or ! lessons ( ! second nocturn74 ,! ,sacr$ ,congregation ( ,rites 7,decemb]1 #ahed7 decid$ ,sac]dos p]egre pr(ectus cui mole/i difficiliorque esset (ficii recitatio cui et pauca desunt 9 libro (ficii praes5tis1 nempe oratio et leg5da1 valet de communi absque obligatione propria de9de ad supplem5tum recit&i444 atque ita s]v>i m&avit4 ,! psalms z arrang$ 9 ! new psalt] mu/ always be said = a valid recitation ( ! ,(fice 7v4 ,div9o ,afflatu74 ,:at is a prie/ b\nd to d1 :o f a grave cause _c f9d "t to recite ! :ole ,(fice b only a "p ( x8 ,/4 ,alphonsus gives ! rule1 ,if y c recite a "p equival5t to a small ,h\r1 y are b\nd to d s "u pa9 ( mortal s94 ,b if y _c read or repeat a "p equival5t to a small ,h\r1 y are b\nd to no?+1 z a "p s small--less ?an a small ,h\r--tak5 sep>ately1 is consid]$ inappreciable = ! end ! ,*ur*'s law ( recitation has 9 view4 ,,article ,,viii4--,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,scrupul\s4 ,p]sons :o are scrupul\s ab\t ! recitation ( ! ,h\rs %\ld h help f _! confessors1 :o %\ld deal specifically ) any ( ! scruples :i* arise 9 ! daily task4 ,scruples g5]ally conc]n ! necess>y int5tion1 ! necess>y att5tion1 pronunciation1 & ! "t necess>y = a good & fai?ful recitation ( ! canonical ,h\rs4 ,h[ %\ld a confessor deal ) scruples ab\t int5tion8 ,a confessor %\ld tell a cl]ic1 scrupul\s 9 ?is po9t1 t 8 fe> is gr\ndless & t by ! v act ( tak+ up 8 ,brevi>y he expresses 8 int5tion ( pray+1 ( say+ 8 ,h\rs2 t x is n necess>y t su* int5tion be actual or reflexive1 x is suffici5t if x be virtual1 & t su* an int5tion does exi/ e "t "o op5s ! ,brevi>y to say 8 ,h\rs4 ,! say+ sl[ly & delib]ately ! pray] ,ap]i ,dom9e is a great aid to ! scrupul\s 9 =m+ a "r int5tion & 9 dispell+ _! va9 fe>s4 ,cl]ics tr\bl$ ab\t att5tion are help$ & com=t$ by _! confessor repeat+ to !m :at !y well "k !mselves1 ab\t volunt>y & involunt>y di/ractions1 & ! tell+ ( ! anxi\s ones t ?is v anxiety & angui% %[ t _! fe> ( los+ att5tion 9 _! pray] is a true & real sign ( its exi/5ce4 ,9 deal+ ) scruples ab\t vocal & integral pronunciation a confessor %\ld advise t no /opp+ %\ld be made 9 ! say+ ( ! psalms1 etc41 b t ! recitation %\ld be cont9u$ quietly1 )\t re/ra9+ ! voice1 )\t impati5ce1 & )\t scrut9y ( ! pronunciation ( ! "p said1 ,god is a fa!r1 full ( goodness1 n an exact+ taskma/]1 & ,he is m hon\r$ by mod]ate c>e ?an by a di/urb+ solicitude4 ,above all ?+s1 a confessor %\ld rememb] t x is important to =bid scrupul\s p]sons to repeat ! :ole or ev5 ! "p ( an ,h\r4 ,an ef=t %\ld be made by him to tranquilise ! tr\bl$ s\l ) ! pr9ciple t ! precepts ( ! ,*ur* d n b9d him to repeat ! ,h\rs ) su* inconv5i5ce z leads to bodily & m5tal illness4 ,! ,*ur* is our "m & does n wi% h] *ildr5 to be tr\bl$ & solicit\s1 b to pray 9 peace4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,"s ,,rules ,,( ,,ascetic ,,!ology ,,= ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,!re are _m reasons :y we %\ld recite ! ,div9e ,(fice dev\tly1 = 7#a7 ! words :i* we read are holy2 7#b7 ,he to ,:om we speak is ,god2 7#c7 we speak 9 ! "n ( ,holy ,*ur*2 7#d7 we are ! associates ( ?\s&s on e>? & 9 heav5 :o s+ ,god's praises2 7#e7 ! purpose ( our pray] is sublime2 7#f7 x gives glory to ,god & draws d[n ,8 grace & m]cy on ,8 ,*ur*2 7#g7 &1 f9ally1 ! recitation ( ! ,(fice br+s help & /r5g? to ^? :o repeat x f]v5tly4 ,&1 fir/ly1 let u see :at are ! words ( ! ,(fice4 ,!y are ! words ( ,god or ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,9 ! psalms1 scripture lessons1 gospel extracts1 responses & antiphons1 we h ,god's inspir$ ^w4 ,9 ! pray]s1 s]mons1 homilies1 hymns1 & (t5 9 ! responses & antiphons1 z ! ,*ur* is guid$ & assi/$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 x may be1 9 a s5se1 true to say t ^! h] words are div9e4 ,= :at is m wor?y ( respect ?an ! ^w ( ,god8 ,/4 ,augu/9e says t x is no less wor?y ( respect ?an ! body ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,non m9us e/ v]bum ,dei quam corpus ,*ri/i 7,s]mon #cjj74 ,h[ v c>eful %\ld we be to treat ! ^w ( ,god ) respect1 wor?ily1 att5tively1 & dev\tly 7digne1 att5te ac devote74 7#b7 ,to :om d we speak 9 our daily s]vice ( pray]8 ,we speak to our ,ma/]1 ,^: v special "w we are do+ 9 (f]+ up ! great pray]4 ,8 adorable eyes are fix$ ^u u at ?is sacr$ duty4 ,he li/5s to u1 ,he reads our ?\ghts4 ,he judges our int5tions1 our ef=ts & _! fulfilm5t4 ,he is ! ,k+ ( k+s1 ! ,almighty ,god4 ,m9dful ( ,8 pres5ce & maje/y %\ld we n try e>ne/ly to bless ,8 ,holy "n & to free our he>ts f va91 evil & w&]+ ?\ghts8 ,we pray ad b5$ic5dum nom5 sanctum tuum2 munda quoque cor meum ab omnibus vanis p]v]sis et ali5is cogitationibus4 7#c7 ,9 ^: "n d we speak8 ,x is a great hon\r to be an ambassador = a great k+ & a mighty k+dom1 gu>d+ ! int]e/s ( ! fa!rl& 9 a =eign l&4 ,! prie/ is always su* an ambassador4 ,= ,*ri/1 we are ambassadors1 says ,/4 ,paul4 ,9 ?is "w ( daily recitation ( ! ,(fice1 we are ambassadors1 n ( "s petty k+ or t9y /ate1 b we repres5t ! entire ,*ur*1 ! well-belov$ sp\se ( ,*ri/1 to ^: pray] ,he ev] he>k5s4 ,sonet vox tua 9 auribus meis2 vox enim tua dulcis e/ 7,canticle ( ,canticles1 ii4 #ad74 ,& ,/4 ,b]n>d says ,sac]dos publica p]sona et totius ,ecclesie os4 ,h5ce1 e prie/ is ! ambassador ( ,*ri/ & ( ,8 ,*ur*1 ! gu>dian ( ,8 int]e/s4 ,& z x is ! duty ( ambassadors to /udy c>efully1 to wat* & fur!r ! int]e/s ( ! k+s :om !y repres5t1 x is a prie/'s duty to /udy c>efully & fur!r ! int]e/s ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur* by ! dev\t fulfilm5t ( ! great daily duty1 ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,hi/ory br&s z traitors ^? ambassadors :o ?r\gh ignorance ( ! language ( ! =eign c\rt1 or ?r\gh want ( vigilant att5tion1 all[ ! int]e/s ( _! royal ma/]s to suff]4 ,:at a puni%m5t awaits ! days & ye>s ( ignorant1 c>eless or inatt5tive fulfilm5t ( ! great (ficial "w ( a prie/--! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,:o are a prie/'s associates 9 ?is "w8 ,!y are ! ?\s&s ( prie/s & religi\s ?r\gh\t ! _w :o say ! ,h\rs1 & :o s5d up daily & nightly ! great pray] ( praise & ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,secundum nom5 tuum1 sic et laus tua 9 f9es t]rae 7ps4 #dg1 v4 ii74 ,dies diei eructat v]bum et nox nocti indicat sci5tiam 7ps4 #ah1 v4 #c74 ,9 ?is holy "w ( recit+ ! ,h\rs1 we are unit$ ) ! angels & sa9ts 9 heav5 9 hon\r+ our common ,creator2 =1 ! ,*ur* h]self rem9ds u ( ?is ineffable hon\r 9 ! hymn = ! d$ication ( ! ,*ur*3-- ,s$ ilia s$es ,coelitum ,semp] resultat laudibus ,dumque tr9um el unicum ,jugi canore jungimur ,almae ,sionis aemuli4 ,t h\se on high--x ev] r+s ,) praises ( ! ,k+ ( k+s2 ,= ev] !re1 on h>ps div9e1 ,!y hymn ?' et]nal ,"o & ,tr9e ,we1 "h bel[1 ! /ra9 prolong21 ,& fa9tly e*o ,sion's song4 ,:at are ! ends = :i* ! ,(fice is said8 7a7 ,to glorify ,god1 7b7 to help holy ,*ur*1 & 7c7 to sanctify ourselves4 7a7 ,to glorify ,god1 t is1 to adore ,8 inf9ite maje/y1 to ?ank ,him = 8 innum]able & con/ant bless+s1 to satisfy ,8 ju/ice 9 expiat+ ! s9s ( ! _w & to beg ,8 grace & m]cy4 ,! ends = :i* ! ,(fice are said are ! same z ^? = :i* ,mass is (f]$1 = ! ,(fice is ! supplem5t ( ! ,mass 7,tronson74 7b7 ,to help holy ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* militant has _m & great ne$s4 ,x is h] mission to ext5d ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/1 & to d ?is great "w %e ne$s fre$om f ho/ile laws1 /r5g? & c\rage to )/& tyrants & p]secution1 unity & peace among/ h] *ildr5 & pa/ors1 zeal 9 h] m9i/]s & recruits = h] militant =ces4 ,to obta9 ^! results ! ,*ur* relies v mu* on ! dev\t recitation ( ! ,(fice4 ,d\btless1 x is = ^! purposes t ! ,*ur* has confid$ to ! c>e ( h] *os5 m9i/]s ?is public (ficial pray] & has laid no su* obligation on ! laity4 ,/4 ,alphonsus did n hesitate to say t if prie/s & religi\s said ! ,(fice z !y %\ld say x1 ! ,*ur* %\ld n be 9 ! deplorable /ate t x !n 0 94 ,?is ,doctor ( ! ,*ur* adds t by dev\t say+ ( ! ,(fice _m s9n]s c\ld be drawn f ! slav]y ( ! devil & _m s\ls w\ld love ,god ) m f]v\r4 ,! wants ( ! ,*ur* are great] n[ ?an !y 7 ev] be=e4 ,ea* dev\tly-said ,h\r draws d[n ,god's bless+ on ,8 ,*ur*4 ,:at a va/ numb] ( bless+s come f a life ( daily recitation (f]$ wor?ily1 att5tively & dev\tly 7digne1 att5te1 ac devote74 7c7 ,! b5efit ( ! p]son :o recites ! ,h\rs4 ,! ?ird end = :i* ! canonical ,h\rs are (f]$ is = ! b5efit ( ! p]son :o recites !m4 ,/4 ,alphonsus wrote1 ,if !y said ! ,(fice z !y ought1 prie/s !mselves %\ld n be always ! same1 always imp]fect1 prone to ang]1 gre$y1 atta*$ to self-int]e/ & to vanities4444 ,b if !y recit$ ! ,(fice1 n z !y say x ) di/ractions & irrev]5ces1 b ) devotion & recollection1 unit+ ! affections ( ! he>t ) s _m petitions :i* !y pres5t to ,god1 !y %\ld c]ta9ly n be s weak z !y are1 b w\ld acquire f]v\r & /r5g? to resi/ all temptations & to lead a life wor?y ( prie/s4 ,ano!r bless+ spr+s f ! att5tive recitation ( ! ,brevi>y--viz41 ! daily )drawal f ! _w & its c>es :i* mu/ be bani%$ f ! s\l :i* speaks ) ,god4 ,=1 z ,/4 ,alphonsus writes1 ! say+ ( ! ,h\rs dev\tly1 gives occasion to pi\s s\ls to elicit _m acts ( virtue1 acts ( fai?1 ( hope1 ( *>ity1 ( humility1 etc4 ,= "o psalm1 says ! sa9t1 moves all ! p[]s ( ! s\l & causes u to elicit a hundr$ acts4 ,& 9 ! ,brevi>y are f\nd ! mo/ beautiful =mulae ( adoration & praise1 ! psalms above all o!r p>ts ( ! ,(fice be+ wond]fully ri* 9 magnific5t praise ( ,god's attributes4 ,:]e c su* sublime =ms ( pray] & praise be f\nd z 9 ,psalms1 #h1 #i1 #ag1 #ah1 #ba1 #bc1 #bh1 #bi1 #cc1 #de1 #df1 #di1 #ed--to "n b a few8 ,f9ally1 ! att5tive recitation ( ! ,brevi>y is a s\rce ( light & ( grace & ( m]it4 ,h[ _m lights 9 pray] spr+ f ^! div9e words2 h[ _m maxims ent] ! s\l1 h[ _m beautiful pray]s are said1 & if !y be well said1 !y w\ld obta9 = prie/s treasures ( grace1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s infallible promise1 ,ask & y %all receive8 ,a p]son c m]it sev]al degrees ( glory by "o dev\t recitation ( ! ,(fice1 :at an abundance ( m]it may be ga9$ by ! dev\t recitations 9 a life ( tw5ty1 ?irty or =ty ye>s6 ,& x 0 ?is ?\ght ( lo/ opportunities & ( ! great treasures )9 ! rea* ( prie/s1 :i* caus$ ,/4 ,alphonsus :5 an old man1 to /udy ! ,brevi>y psalms & to write 8 well-kn[n "w4 ,nor 0 ,/4 ,alphonsus alone 9 8 op9ion ( ! great means ( sanctification :i* ! ,brevi>y af=ds to prie/s4 ,/4 ,joseph ( ,cup]t9o 7#afjc-affc7 0 ask$ by ,monsignor ,clav]1 ,bi%op ( ,pot5za1 to po9t out a means = ! great] sanctification ( ! prie/s ( 8 diocese4 ,! sa9t repli$1 ,monsignor1 if y wi% to sanctify y\r prie/s /rive to procure two ?+s = !m1 t !y say ! ,(fice pi\sly & t !y say ,mass ) f]v\r4 ,no?+ m is necess>y to ensure _! salvation 7,life ( ,/4 ,joseph ,cup]t9o by ,b]n9i74 ,! words ( ! wond]ful ,franciscan1 ^: life 0 a m>vel ( piety1 7 repeat$ a c5tury lat] by ,/4 ,leon>d ( ,port ,maurice 7#afga-agea7 & are (t5 quot$ z 8 own4 ,9 e age ( ! ,*ur* e>ne/ s\ls drew great sweetness & consolation f read+ ! psalms or f read+ ! canonical ,h\rs4 ,writ]s deal+ ) ?is "p ( prie/ly "w quote ! words ( em95t s]vants ( ,god1 ,!y quote ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianzan1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,bologna1 ,/4 ,philip ,n]i1 ,/4 ,francis ,de ,sales & ,/4 ,alphonsus4 ,x w\ld make ?is section ( ?is book too long to quote ! words ( ^! sa9ts4 ,b ! words ( ,/4 ,francis ,de ,sales seem to h a special =ce4 ,sometimes ,i am s l[-spirit$1 wrote ! ,sa9t1 by bus9ess & ev5ts1 t ,i d n "k :]e to turn nor at :at end to beg93 b dur+ ! ,(fice no?+ annoys me1 ,i h n ev5 di/ractions1 ,i imag9e t ,i am 9 heav5 s++ ) ! angels ! praises ( my ,creator2 & on leav+ ! *oir ,i f9d (t5 t ! mighty problems :i* _h giv5 me tr\ble are cle>$ away &1 solv$ 9 an ,in/ant4 ,biographies ( ,god's s]vants record _m great fav\rs be/[$ on prie/s :o recite ! ,brevi>y pi\sly4 ,c>d9al ,bona1 record+ a vision v\*saf$ to ,/4 ,b]n>d1 tells h[ ! sa9t saw an angel beside ea* *oir monk1 record+ 8 disposition ( s\l4 ,"s angels wrote 9 lett]s ( gold1 o!rs 9 lett]s ( silv]1 o!rs 9 ink1 o!rs 9 wat]1 & o!rs held _! p5s b wrote no?+4 ,our ,"l expla9$ to ! sa9t ! mean+ ( ! vision2 ! writ+ 9 gold typifi$ *>ity & ! f]v\r ( ! recitation2 ! writ+ 9 silv] d5ot$ devotion b little *>ity or f]v\r2 ! words 9 ink-writ+ signifi$ c>eful att5tion to ! full v]bal recitation b to little else2 ! words writt5 9 wat] meant di/raction & little att5tion to ! mean+ or to ! words2 & ! angels :o wrote no?+ wat*$ ! insol5ce ( ^? :o 7 volunt>ily di/ract$4 ,! vision has furni%$ ! !me ( mu* pi\s writ+ & a !me = ,*ri/ian pa9t]s4 ,x %[s h[ ,god wat*es ov] ! daily "w ( prie/s1 :ile ,8 angels record 9 gold5 or silv]n lett]s ! "w ( pi\s recitation1 or p]haps hold _! p5s at re/4 ,:at means %\ld be us$ to promote pi\s recitation8 ,,article ,,ii4--,,! ,,means ,,to ,,adopt ,,= ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,brevi>y4 ,a4--,,! ,,means ,,to ,,adopt ,,be=e ,,! ,,recitation4 ,prep>ation is necess>y be=e beg9n+ e pray]1 = ! ,holy ,gho/ says1 ,be=e pray] prep>e ?y s\l1 & be n z a man t tempte? ,god 7,ecclesias4 #ah4 #bc74 ,?is prep>ation necess>y be=e o!r pray]s is above all necess>y be=e ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice1 :i* is ! greate/ ( all pray]s4 ,two k9ds ( prep>ation are necess>y1 ! remote & ! proximate4 ,! remote prep>ation dem&s ! removal ( all ob/acles :i* imp$e pray]1 & ! greate/ ( all pray]s1 ! ,*ur*'s (ficial pray]4 ,! *ief or capital ob/acles :i* imp$e or prev5t a pi\s recitation ( ! ,brevi>y are3 s91 ! passions1 ! absorb+ ?\ghts ( creatures & ! ignorance ( ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,& ! means to remove ^! ob/acles are to purify ! consci5ce1 sci5ce1 to mortify ! passions1 to gu>d ! s5se & to h an intellig5t k ( ! duty & requirem5ts ( a prop] fulfilm5t ( ! daily task ( ! say+ ( ! ,canonical ,h\rs4 ,! fir/ means is to purify ! consci5ce f s91 = s9 h9d]s pray]4 ,b :at effect has s9 on ! recitation ( ! ,(fice8 ,! ,(fice is a pray]1 an elevation ( ! s\l to ,god1 & z all writ]s on ascetics tea*1 s9 is a *a9 t b9ds u to e>?2 x is1 says ,/4 ,francis1 z birdlime :i* imp$es ! s\l 9 its flight upw>ds4 ,pray] is a conv]sation ) ,god1 b a s\l lov+ s9 _c conv]se ) ,god2 ,peccatores ,deus non audit 7,/4 ,john1 ix4 #ca74 ,pray] is an intimate union ) ,god1 b a s\l re/+ 9 s9 c h no intimate union ) ,god2 !re c be no intimate union betwe5 light & d>kness1 betwe5 sanctity & s91 betwe5 good & evil2 9 a ^w1 betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,belial4 ,quae p>ticipatio1 quae societas lucis ad t5ebras8 ,quae conv5tio ,*ri/i el ,belial8 ,! second means ( procur+ f]v5t pray] is ! mortification ( ! passions4 ,x is n en\gh to secure f]v\r 9 pray] t our s\ls %\ld be free f s92 we mu/ /ruggle to ma/] our passions4 ,?is po9t is important--= a s\l upset by its passions1 ang]1 pride1 etc41 _c ) f]v\r recite ! ,h\rs1 = x _c conv]se ) ,god1 x _c elevate itself to ,god1 x c h no true union ) ,god4 ,x _c conv]se ) ,god1 = ,god w n conv]se ) an unmortifi$ s\l = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 ,he w n speak if !re be no "o to li/51 = ! ,holy ,gho/ tells u ,:]e !re is no he>+1 p\r n out words 7,eccli4 xxxii4 #f74 ,god wi%es a s\l 9 conv]se ) ,him to be calm & /ill1 = ,god is n 9 ! e>?quake 7#c ,k+s1 xix4 ii474 ,aga91 ev5 if ,god speaks to an unmortifi$ s\l1 x _c he> ,him z ! passions fix its att5tion on worldly matt]s4 ,& ev5 :5 su* a s\l tries to li/5 & to und]/&1 ! passions surg+ & w>r+ dr[n all s\nd & s5se ( holy ?+s4 ,=1 ! animal man p]ceive? n ^! ?+s t are ( ! _s ( ,god1 = x is fooli%ness to him & he _c und]/&1 because x is spiritually exam9$ 7,i4 ,cor4 ii4 #ad74 ,! human s\l _c truly unite itself to ,god if ! passions are n conqu]$1 because by _! v nature !y are oppos$ to ,god & h5ce inspire e/rangem5t f1 & disgu/ =1 holy ?+s4 ,?irdly1 ! s5ses mu/ be gu>d$4 ,our five s5ses c imp$e ! recitation ( ! ,(fice because !y pres5t to our s\ls images ( ! ?+s :i* occupy !m1 & !y c draw our w t[>ds ! pleasures :i* correspond ) ^! objects4 ,x is necess>y = ! wor?y1 att5tive & dev\t say+ ( ! ,(fice t ea* s5se be gu>d$4 ,! s5se ( sight %\ld be gu>d$ f gaz+ at objects at h&1 p]sons1 books1 l&scape1 etc4 ,! s5se ( he>+ %\ld be gu>d$ 9 fly+ f ! company ( evil speak]s1 calumniators1 detractors1 ^? :o speak ( worldly affairs or :o give evil c\nsel4 ,x is necess>y1 too1 to gu>d ! tongue f evil spee*4 ,i h set a gu>d to my m\?1 :5 ! s9n] /ood aga9/ me 7,psalm #ch1 #b72 & x is well to gu>d aga9/ too frequ5t or too long conv]sations1 :i* fill ! s\l ) ?\ghts di/urb+ to a pray]ful disposition4 ,! s5se ( t\* %\ld likewise be gu>d$1 = ,/4 ,?omas says t ! s5se ( t\* is ! ma9t5ance ( ! o!r s5ses 7#a ,p4 q4 #gf1 a4 #ge74 ,& :5 ! f\ndations ( a h\se comm5ce to fall asund]1 ! walls1 ! frame & ! ro( tott] & fall4 ,s x is ) ! s5ses2 :5 ! s5se ( t\* is di/urb$ ! o!r s5ses quickly complete ! ru94 ,:at k is ne$$ = ! valid & = ! licit recitation ( ! ,h\rs8 ,mu/ ! p]son "k ! mean+ ( ! words read8 ,no su* k is necess>y1 = ,god he>s ! pray] ( ! ignorant & illit]ate & ( ! babes4 ,to ! *ief prie/s & scribes1 :o he>+ ! *ildr5 cry+ out ! ,savi\r's praise 9 ! temple1 ,*ri/ said ,yea1 h y n read ',out ( ! m\?s ( infants & suckl+s ?\ ha/ p]fect$ praise' 7,/4 ,mat?4 xxi4 #ae-af71 ,/4 ,augu/9e def5d$ f ! sne]s ( ! le>n$1 ^? :o pray$ to ,god 9 rude & b>b>\s words1 or words :i* !y did n und]/&4 ,nov]9t non esse vocem ad aures ,dei nisi animi affectum 7,de ,cate*4 ,rud4 ,c4,i474 ,! ,*ur* has b\nd religi\s1 bo? m5 & wom51 to say ! ,(fice 9 *oir1 ev5 ?\gh !y may n und]/& ,lat94 ,nev]!less1 x is highly desirable t ^? :o und]/& ,lat9 %\ld und]/& :at !y read daily 9 ! ,brevi>y4 ,god1 ! ,*ur*1 ! practice ( ! sa9ts1 our own intellig5ce1 our spiritual advantage1 dem& t e prie/ %\ld read ) k s t ) m c]ta9ty he may read att5tively & dev\tly4 ,= 7#a7 ! ,holy ,gho/ w>ns u to s+ wisely1 ,psallite sapi5t] 7,ps4 #df4h72 7#b7 t prie/s may s+ wisely1 may say ! daily ,(fice pi\sly is ! reason & end ( liturgical /udies ( ! psalms & ( ! ,brevi>y 9 !ological colleges2 7#c7 ! sa9ts :o wrote s pi\sly & s le>n$ly on ! psalms & on psalmody are = ev] impress+ ?is matt] ( intellig5t recitation4 ,/4 ,augu/9e wrote1 ,et qu>e dicta sunt1 nisi ut sciantur8 ,qu>e sonu]unt nisi ut audiantur8 ,qu>e audita sunt nisi ut intelligantur 7,tract xxxi4 9 ,joan74 ,aga91 comm5t+ on psalm #adf1 he writes1 ,david tea*es t we s+ wisely2 let u n seek ! m]e s\nd = ! e>1 b a light = ! s\l4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as comm5t+ on ,= ,i pray 9 a tongue1 my _s praye?1 b my und]/&+ is )\t fruit 7,i4 ,cor4 xiv4 #ad7 wrote ,con/at quod plus lucratur qui orat4 ,nam1 ille qui intelligit reficitur quantum ad intellectum et quantum ad affectum2 s$ m5s ejus qui non intelligit e/ s9e fructu refectionis4 ,& 7#d7 our own intellect tells u t ! ,brevi>y %\ld be read intellig5tly & dev\tly4 ,"o ( ! ends ( ! ,*ur* 9 impos+ ! ,div9e ,(fice z an obligation is1 t by hon\r+ ! holy my/]ies1 or ! holy memories ( ! sa9ts1 we may raise our he>ts & s\ls to ,god1 z ,/4 ,paul wi%es u1 ,may ! ,god ( pati5ce & ( com=t grant y to be ( "o m9d t[>ds "o ano!r accord+ to ,jesus ,*ri/1 t ) "o m9d & "o m\? y may glorify ,god 7,rom4 xv4 #e-f71 an effect t _c be produc$ by ! recital ( words :i* are n und]/ood4 ,x is almo/ impossible to avoid v grave di/ractions & to su/a9 att5tion if !re be n a good k ( ! matt] & =m ( ! ,h\rs recit$4 ,x seems irrational t1 prie/s %\ld sp5d daily m ?an an h\r read+ words t !y und]/& n at all1 or v imp]fectly2 & t ! beautiful & sublime ?\ght & language ( ! book ( psalms1 :i* are admir$ by all educat$ m51 %\ld be1 to ^? :o read !m e day = ye>s1 no?+ b a t9kl+ cymbal1 vox et praet]ea nihil4 ,?is is (t5 ! case ev5 ) prie/s :o practise pi\sly & me?odically m5tal pray]4 ,& yet n[h]e are su* beautiful acts ( fai? & confid5ce 9 ,god's p[] express$ z 9 ! ,psalms 7e4g41 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #ab1 #af1 #ai1 #be1 #bg1 #cj1 #cd1 #dc1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 etc472 no m sublime expressions ( praise exi/ ?an 9 ! ,psalms #h1 #i1 #ag1 #ah1 #bj1 #ba1 etc4 ,"t sp5t 9 /udy+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,brevi>y1 ! /ructure & ! gr[? ( ! cont5ts ( ea* ,h\r1 ! mean+s ( ! pray]s & hymns1 is "t well sp5t4 ,b4--,,! ,,imm$iate ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,! ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,h\rs4 ,fir/4 ,x is necess>y to =esee f ! read+ ( ! ,ordo :at is to be said1 & to m>k all ! psalms1 lessons1 responses1 antiphons & pray]s4 ,by ?is practice1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture says1 all is recit$ & recit$ 9 ord]4 ,libri et alia necess>ia ad (ficium praep>antur et leg5da /udiose ante praevisa1 qu&o et quomodo s9t dic5da dicuntur 7,intit4 ,novit1 p4 ,i41 c4 #d74 ,unless ?is matt] be arrang$ be=e ! pray]1 ,ap]i is begun1 a prie/ is c]ta9 to suff] f di/ractions1 to run ! risk ( violat+ ! rubrics & to lose "s ( ! spiritual pr(it :i* arises f prep>ation4 ,?is po9t ( prep>ation is att5d$ to by all ?\ghtful prie/s & x 0 ev] ! practice ( ! great /ud5ts & lov]s ( liturgy4 ,second4 ,x is necess>y to recollect ourselves4 ,?is is simply to draw (f f pr(ane ?\ghts ! m9d & ! he>t1 & to apply !m to ! sublime "w ( conv]s+ ) ,god1 :i* we d 9 ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,?is recollect+ ( our w&]+ ?\ghts be=e pray] is impress$ on u by ,holy ,scripture1 by ! example ( ! sa9ts1 & by our own common s5se4 ,holy ,scripture w>ns u ,be=e pray] prep>e ?y s\l & be n z a man t tempte? ,god 7,ecclus4 #ah4 #bc74 ,& z typical ( ! prep>ation made by sa9tly prie/s1 ! example ( ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo may be m5tion$4 ,! sa9t always sp5t a qu>t] ( an h\r 9 prep>atory pray] be=e beg9n+ ! ,*ur*'s (ficial pray]4 ,! ,v5]able ,john ,d',avila made ! same practice g5]al among/ 8 disciples4 ,?is holy man n>rates1 h[ "o day he met a prie/ ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 :o ask$ him to recite ! ,h\rs ) him1 & t be=e beg9n+ _! pray] ! ,jesuit fell on 8 knees1 say+1 ,!re are "s :o speak ( say+ ! ,(fice z if x 7 a trifle4 ,come1 !y say1 let u say our ,h\rs toge!r1 & s imm$iately beg94 ,?is is %[+ v little appreciation = s holy a duty1 = x well m]its a few mom5ts at lea/ ( recollection 7,bacquez74 ,our own common s5se tells u n to ru% he$lessly to beg9 any important "w4 ,to conv]se ) ,god is a "w ( sublime importance :i* ne$s prep>ation1 s t x may be done att5tively4 ,?ird4 ,we mu/ invoke ,god's aid by pray]4 ,no pray] is m suitable ?an ! pray] giv5 z a prep>atory pray] 9 ! ,brevi>y1 ,ap]i1 ,dom9e1 os meum 444 ,op5 ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 my m\? to bless ,?y holy "n2 cleanse my he>t f va91 evil & w&]+ ?\ghts2 enlight5 my und]/&+1 inflame my w1 t s ,i may wor?ily1 att5tively & dev\tly recite ?is ,(fice & des]ve to be he>d 9 ! pres5ce ( ,?y ,div9e ,maje/y4 ,?r\gh ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,am54 ,o ,"l1 9 union ) t div9e int5tion :]e) ,?\ :il/ "h on e>? did/ ,?yself praise ,god1 ,i (f] ^! ,h\rs to ,!e4 ,f\r?4 ,to unite ourselves ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ! prefatory pray] ,ap]i1 ,dom9e1 we say ,dom9e1 9 unione1 etc4 ,9 ,baptism1 ,*ri/ians are unit$ to ,jesus1 to ,8 life1 to ,8 _s4 ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* & we are its memb]s4 ,& ?is union %\ld be a real1 explicit1 vivify+ union :5 we fulfil our m9i/ry ( social pray]4 ,?is union ) ,*ri/ is s\ght = by ,himself1 by ! ,apo/les1 by ! ,*ur*1 & is practis$ ev] by ,god's sa9ts4 ,! words ( ! pray] %\ld be r$uc$ to action4 #a4 ,*ri/ our model 9 all ?+s is our model 9 pray]1 & s ,he tea*es u t :5 we pray we mu/ say ,our ,fa!r1 ,:o art 9 ,heav51 t is1 to use ,8 v words & s5tim5ts4 ,& ?is desire ( our ,"l1 t s\ls %\ld be unit$ to ,him 9 pray]1 has (t5 be5 manife/$ by ,him to ,8 sa9ts4 ,to ,/4 ,g]trude ,he said1 ,my daught]1 behold ,my ,he>t2 look ^u ,x 9 future z supply+ y\r own defects4 ,:5 y w\ld pray1 ask ,x to help y to give ,my ,fa!r ! homage y owe ,him4 ,i %all be ev] ready to second y z soon z y call ,me to y\r aid4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 s*ool$ 9 ?is practice by ! ,holy ,gho/1 knew all its sweetness3 ,david1 he says1 rejoic$ ( old to h f\nd 8 he>t to pray to 8 ,ma/] & 8 ,god--,inv5it s]vus tuus cor tuum ut or>et te oratione hac 7,,ii4 ,k+s viii4 #bg74 ,& ,i1 t ,i may pray1 h f\nd ! he>t ( my ,k+ & my ,bro!r1 ( my sweet ,savi\r2 %all ,i n !n also pray8 ,yes1 c]ta9ly1 = ,i am1 too1 happy1 z ,i h1 if n ! ,he>t ( ,jesus 9 place ( m9e1 at lea/ h ,i m9e 9 t ( ,jesus 7,bacquez1 p4 #aia74 #b4 ,/4 ,paul recomm5ds u to (f] our pray]s ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,by him1 !re=e1 let u (f] ! sacrifice ( praise always to ,god1 t is to say1 ! fruit ( lips confess+ to ,8 "n 7,heb4 xiii4 #ae74 #c4 ,! ,*ur* wi%es ?is union ) ,*ri/ & m5tions x sev]al times 9 h] pray]s1 ,p] ,dom9um no/rum ,jesum ,*ri/um4 ,%e expresses h] wi% 9 ! prep>atory pray]1 ,ap]i1 ,dom9e2 %e wi%es ! words & s5tim5ts ( ! psalms to be appli$ to ,jesus1 ! ,savi\r1 :om ,david typifi$1 & to :om ! psalms 9 great numb] relate4 ,& 9 ! frequ5t repetition ( ! ,pat] ,no/]1 we speak ,*ri/'s s5tim5ts & words4 #d4 ,! lives ( ! sa9ts furni% _m examples & precepts ( ?is union ) ,*ri/ 9 our pray]4 ,to ! examples ( ,/4 ,g]trude & ,/4 ,b]n>d _m o!rs c be add$4 ,sev]al su* examples are quot$ by ,bacquez 9 8 "w on ! ,(fice4 #e4 ,! remembrance ( ! sublime "w ( ! ,(fice %\ld aid 9 its f]v5t recitation4 ,prie/s %\ld rememb] ! words ( ,/4 ,alphonsus3 ,aft] ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass ! ,*ur* possesses no treasure s great z ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,x is ,god's ,*ur*1 ! ,sp\se ( ,*ri/1 :o has done me ! hon\r ( *oos+ me = ?is great "w--me1 9 pref]5ce to a hundr$ o!rs4 ,%e puts into my h& h] holy book ( heav5ly language1 & asks me to read its words be=e ,god1 to unite ) ! angels & sa9ts 9 hon\r+ ,god4 #f4 ,to propose "s p>ticul> int5tion be=e ! recitation ( ! ,h\rs beg9s1 & to r5ew x dur+ ! recitation is an excell5t means ( gu>d+ aga9/ di/ractions & me*anical r\t9e4 ,x su/a9s dur+ ! pray] ! f]v\r ) :i* x 0 begun4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture said to prie/s ,give great att5tion to ! signs 7i4e41 to ! directions1 ab\t kneel+1 /&+1 sign ( cross1 etc471 great] att5tion to ! words1 & ! greate/ att5tion to ! 7p>ticul>7 int5tion4 ,b :at int5tion ought we to h8 ,we %\ld h g5]al int5tions & p>ticul> int5tions4 ,we mu/ h ! g5]al int5tions ( ! ,*ur*1 ^: ambassadors we are4 ,we mu/ pray t ,god be kn[n & ador$1 lov$ & ?ank$ & prais$4 ,we mu/ pray t ! ,*ur* h fre$om1 t %e may be exalt$1 t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ may spread & fl\ri%1 t ! ,pope & cl]gy ( ! _w may be bless$ & guid$ by ,god1 t holy s\ls may be confirm$ 9 virtue & t s9n]s may be conv]t$4 ,we %\ld h also "s p>ticul> int5tions 9 read+ our ,h\rs4 ,?us1 we may pray to obta9 a m lively fai?1 a great] hope1 a m ard5t *>ity1 great] meekness & humility1 great] pati5ce1 deta*m5t f ! _w1 great] frat]nal *>ity1 help 9 keep+ v[s--9 a ^w1 an increase ( virtues1 especially ^? 9 :i* we may h great wants4 ,aga91 a prie/ may & %\ld beg ,god to help him & guide him by 8 light & grace1 9 d\bts1 9 tr\ble1 9 crosses1 9 8 daily "w z a prie/1 9 8 p>i%1 9 8 s*ools1 9 8 college4 ,p>ticul>ly & f]v5tly %\ld a prie/ pray = success 9 8 religi\s in/ruction 9 s*ool1 9 *ur*1 9 ! pulpit4 ,= ,/4 ,augu/9e tells u t success 9 ?is matt] dep5ds m on pray] ?an on prea*+ 7,de ,doc4 ,*ri/41 ,lib4 #d1 *ap4 #ae74 ,& at e ,h\r a prie/ %\ld pray = a happy dea?4 ,be=e say+ 8 ,h\rs1 a prie/ may =m a special int5tion ( pray+ = o!rs1 8 sup]iors1 8 p>5ts1 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 8 b5efactors1 8 fri5ds1 8 enemies1 = ^? :o h ask$ = pray]s1 = "s "o 9 sorr[1 = "s "o 9 s91 = a s\l 9 purgatory4 ,( c\rse1 ^! pray]s b5efit ! prie/ :o (f]s !m1 = z ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great said s well1 ,plus enim pro se val]e preces suas efficit qui has et pro aliis imp5dit 7,moral ,,ii4 #be74 ,,aids ,,dur+ ,,! ,,recitation4 ,i4 ,a suitable place %\ld be select$4 ,! ,psalmi/ sang ,9 omni loco dom9ationis ejus1 b5$ic1 anima mea1 ,dom9o 7,ps4 #ajb1 #bb74 ,our ,"l wi%es u to pray always2 ,/4 ,paul says 7,i4 ,tim4 ii47 t we %\ld pray 9 e place1 & !ologians tea* t a prie/ may validly & licitly say 8 ,h\rs walk+ 9 ! fields1 9 8 room1 or 9 any suitable place4 ,! mo/ suitable place is ! *ur*4 ,= x is a h\se ( pray] 7,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dc71 & ! ,holy ,gho/ asks u to g !re to pray1 9 templo ejus omnes dic5t gloriam 7,ps4 #bh1 #i74 ,! ,apo/les1 go+ to ! temple to pray at ! six? & at ! n9? h\r1 %[ u h[ suitable is ! place holi] ?an ! temple--! *ur*4 ,! practice ( ! sa9ts impresses on u ! suitability ( ! *ur* = ! ,*ur*'s (ficial pray]4 ,9 ! life ( e mod]n sa9t we f9d recomm5d$ & practis$ ! say+ ( ! ,h\rs at ! alt>4 ,p]haps1 ! example :i* is be/ kn[n to mission>y prie/s1 is ! example ( ! ,cure d',ars1 :o 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 prie/ly life always said 8 ,brevi>y kneel+ 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,8 p>i%ion]s lik$ f "t to "t to slip into ! *ur* to wat* him4 ,(t51 says an eye-witness1 he paus$ :ile pray+1 8 looks fix$ on ! ,tab]nacle1 ) eyes 9 :i* 7 pa9t$ s lively a fai? t "o might suppose our ,"l 0 visible to 8 gaze4 ,lat]1 8 *ur* be+ cont9ually fill$ ) an att5tive cr[d foll[+ 8 lea/ movem5ts1 he took pa9s to avoid ev]y?+ t might excite _! admiration4 ,yet /ill1 he might be frequ5tly f\nd1 aft] a long day pass$ 9 ! sacr$ tribunal1 recit+ 8 ,h\rs on 8 knees1 ei!r 9 ! sacri/y or 9 a corn] ( ! *oir1 a few /eps f ! alt>2 s /rong 0 ! attraction t drew him to unite 8 pray] to t ( our ,"l1 s great 0 ! love & respect inspir$ by ! pres5ce & inf9ite maje/y ( 8 ,div9e ,ma/] 7,life ( ,cure d',ars1 by ,monn974 ,e prie/ mu/ feel t ! *ur* b5*es1 or ! sanctu>y1 ) _! sil5ce1 _! e "p awak5+ & rem9d+ ! s\l t ?is is ! h\se ( ,god1 ?is is ! gate ( ,heav51 are places mo/ suitable = pray] & are great aids to f]v5t pray]4 ,! ?\ght ( ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ ) ,8 ador+ angels1 to ^: songs ( praise ! prie/ %\ld unite himself1 %\ld help wond]fully 9 ! dev\t recitation ( ! ,h\rs4 ,/4 ,alphonsus recomm5ds t prie/s say+ ! ,brevi>y %\ld say x be=e a crucifix or be=e a /atue or picture ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 s t gaz+ f "t to "t on ^! holy objects may fo/] or r5ew pi\s ?\ghts4 ,,ii4 ,a great aid to pi\s recitation ( ! ,h\rs is to take up a respectful position4 ,! ,(fice is a pray]1 an elevation ( ! s\l to ,god1 & %\ld be treat$ z su*2 & z ev]yone kn[s1 ! union ( s\l & body is su* t 9 vocal pray] bo? are employ$4 ,if ! body take up a lazy or unbecom+ position 9 pray]1 x is an insult to ,god to ,:om pray] is (f]$1 & is a c]ta9 s\rce ( di/raction & faulty pray]4 ,habit does mu* 9 ?is matt]1 & :]e a prie/ lab\rs to correct an incl9ation to take up a too com=table position 9 say+ 8 ,h\rs1 he is /riv+ to pray well4 ,prie/s1 "y & old1 say writ]s on ?is po9t1 %\ld be vigilant 9 ?is aid to f]v5t pray]4 ,! well-kn[n words ( ,/4 ,t]esa recomm5d+ a com=table attitude 9 pray] d n cla% ) ?is doctr9e4 ,9 ! ,selva1 ,/4 ,alphonsus writes3 ,x is relat$ t :ile two religi\s recit$ ,mat9s a devil appe>$1 caus$ an intol]able /5*1 & ?r\gh mock]y said1 ',to ! pray] :i* y (f] su* inc5se is suit$'--ad talem orationem tale debetur inc5sum4 ,:i* attitude is ! be/8 ,see+ ! examples ( ! sa9ts1 ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo1 ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul1 ,/4 ,francis de ,sales1 ,/4 ,john de la ,salle1 ! ,cure d',ars1 & ( _m o!r sa9tly m51 ! be/ attitude 9 recit+ ! ,h\rs is kneel+4 ,o!r sa9ts accu/om$ !mselves to recite _! ,h\rs /&+1 ) head uncov]$4 ,o!rs foll[$1 9 private recitation1 all ! positions--sitt+1 kneel+1 /&+--requir$ 9 *oir4 ,! practice is said to aid 9 bani%+ di/ractions1 & contributes greatly to att5tion & devotion4 ,( c\rse1 9 private recitation no "o is b\nd to any ( ^! practices4 ,b !y h prov$ useful to _m 9 practis+ dev\t pray]4 ,ev]yone is b\nd to pray ) f]v\r1 & a respectful attitude is a big help t[>ds t end4 ,sl[1 delib]ate pronunciation is ano!r aid to ! f]v5t say+ ( ! ,h\rs ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,! lives ( sa9tly m5 %[ _! practice 9 ?is matt]4 ,kn[+ t !y 7 ! ambassadors ( ! ,*ur* 9 pres5t+ h] praise1 ?anks & wants to ,god1 !y read ) c>e & att5tion4 ,f _! sl[ & delib]ate read+ ( ! holy words1 _! s\ls drew out ! sublime ?\ghts & s5tim5ts :i* _! lips express$4 ,9 rapid read+1 ! m9d & he>t h n "t to ?9k well on ! mean+ ( ! words & ( ! s5tim5ts1 & h5ce1 no holy ?\ghts fill ! s\l1 no acts ( virtue are elicit$1 no pray] ( petition is (f]$1 no holy resolutions are =m$4 ,inde$1 v (t5--to quote ! words ( a v5]able au?or--prie/s seem to say ) _! lips & to express by _! rapid read+1 n ,deus 9 adjutorium meum int5de1 ,o ,god1 make ha/e to help me6 b ,dom9e ad fe/9&um me adjuva--,o ,god1 help me to ha/58 ,wise old ,rodriguez advises read]s ( spiritual books to obs]ve a h5 dr9k+ & to imitate h] sl[ & delib]ate sipp+1 by read+ 9 small quantities1 ) pauses4 ,sometimes prie/s acquire ! habit ( hurri$ read+1 q unconsci\sly1 & aft]w>ds lab\r h>d1 & 9 va91 too1 to correct x4 ,x is important = beg9n]s 9 ! ,brevi>y to g at a sl[ pace1 z ! trot & ! gallop are fatal to good & pi\s recitation4 ,sometimes prie/s excuse ?is hurri$ read+1 z !y wi% to save "t6 ,:y d prie/s wi% to save "t8 ,= /udy1 "s may say2 b ! obligation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice prec$es all obligations ( /udy1 & its dev\t recitation is ( f> great] importance to ! prie/ & to ! ,*ur* ?an is any o!r or e o!r /udy4 ,"s prie/s gallop ?r\gh ! ,h\rs1 to ga9 "t = o!r m9i/]ial "w1 !y say4 ,b !y =get t ! prim>y "w--aft] ! celebration ( ,mass--& ! mo/ important "w ( a prie/1 is ! great (ficial pray] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:o among/ prie/s leads ! life ( ceaseless toil :i* ! ,cure d',ars l$8 ,& we h read h[ he said 8 ,h\rs4 ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] f\nd "t to prea* to 8 _m neophytes1 to tea* !m1 to baptize !m1 & yet he did n use ! p]mission giv5 him to %ort5 8 ,brevi>y pray]4 ,he read ! :ole ,(fice daily & add$ to x pray]s to obta9 ! grace ( bett] att5tion & devotion4 ,sometimes ! read+ ( ! ,h\rs is hurri$ = a motive less praisewor?y ?an ! motives ( /udy or ( prie/ly "w4 ,producitur somnus1 producitur m5sa1 produncuntur confabulationes1 lusus1 nugae nug>um2 solius supremae ,mage/ratis1 cultus summa qua pote/ cel]itate deprop]atur 7,kugl]1 ,de ,spiritu ,eccles471 ,on ?is1 ,god compla9$ "o day to ,/4 ,bridget1 say+ t "s prie/s lose s mu* "t e day 9 conv]s+ ) fri5ds on worldly affairs2 & aft]w>ds1 9 conv]s+ ) ,him1 :ile !y recite ! ,(fice1 !y are s hurri$ t !y di%on\r ,him m ?an !y glorify ,him 7,/4 ,alphonsus1 ,selva74 ,9 ! hurri$ read+ ( ! ,(fice1 "t1 a few m9utes p]haps1 is ga9$1 b :at is lo/8 ,does ! loss ( all ! lights & graces & bless+s ( ! ,(fice comp5sate = ! "t ga9$8 ,x is important t all :o read ! ,brevi>y hurri$ly1 or :o may be tempt$ to acquire ! habit1 %\ld weigh well ! words read !re9 7,friday's ,vesp]s7 ,labor labiorum ipsorum op]iet eos2 cad5t sup] eos c>bones 7,ps4 #aci74 ,! lab\r ( _! lips %all ov]:elm !m2 burn+ coals %all fall ^u !m4 ,to acquire ?is important habit1 ! practice ( read+ at a sl[ pace ! words ( ! ,brevi>y1 au?ors sugge/ sev]al little h9ts4 ,"o is1 nev] to />t read+ ! ,h\rs unless !re be ample "t = f9i%+ ! ,h\r or ,h\rs int5d$ to be !n & !re read4 ,! practice ( squeez+ ! small ,h\rs into scraps ( "t 7e4g41 9 ! int]vals betwe5 he>+ confessions 9 ! confessional1 at a session7 is fatal to c>eful & pi\s read+4 ,ano!r h9t is1 to read ev]y?+1 e ^w 7e4g41 ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave1 ,cr$o71 & to repeat no?+ f memory1 because ! pr9t$ words meet+ ! eyes & ! spok5 words rea*+ ! e>s help to fix ! att5tion & !re is less risk ( _! pass+ unnotic$4 ,?is 0 ! practice ( ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo4 ,/4 ,philip ,n]i nev] recit$ f memory ev5 9 say+ ! small ,h\rs4 ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul always sp5t a great "t 9 say+ 8 ,brevi>y4 ,8 int5se f]v\r 0 help$ by 8 c>eful read+ ( e ^w1 & ?is practice ( keep+ 8 eyes fix$ /eadily on ! pr9t$ matt] ( ! book he recomm5d$ to 8 congregation ( prie/s4 ,"s holy prie/s ma9ta9$ t !y c\ld recite f memory ) great] f]v\r ?an f ! read+ ( ! pages ( ! ,brevi>y2 b ! practice is n "o = ! _m4 ,ano!r h9t to help pi\s recitation is to e>ne/ly wi% to say ! ,(fice wor?ily1 att5tively & dev\tly4 ,?is wi% mu/ br+ up be=e ! m9d ! ?\ght ( h[ displeas+ to ,god & h[ great is ! daily loss--n to speak ( a lifetime's loss-to ! s\l ( a prie/ :o prays c>elessly1 tepidly & me*anically4 ,b 9 spite ( all precautions1 x may be notic$ dur+ ! recitation ( ! ,h\rs t1 )\t our own fault1 ! words are said too quickly4 ,x is advis$1 !n1 to pause & to say m5tally :at ! ,v5]able ,b\don 0 wont to say to 8 s\l 9 simil> circum/ances3 ,to puni% & mortify !e1 ,i w g m sl[ly2 ,i w devote to my (fice to-day a long] "t 7,bacquez74 ,,iv4 ,to prev5t di/ractions & to bani% !m are no easy matt]s4 ,x is impossible to avoid all di/ractions4 ,involunt>y di/ractions d n h9d] m]it2 /ill x is important t an ef=t be made to dim9i% & repress ! quality ( su* di/urb+ elem5ts 9 pray]4 ,fir/ ( all1 we c nev] totally avoid all di/ractions1 nor c we entirely & completely remove !m :5 !y ent] our s\ls4 ,! human s\l _c pray = any notable "t )\t di/raction4 ,! greate/ sa9ts knew ?is well4 ,/4 ,augu/9e wrote1 ,vult se t5]e ut /et1 et quodammodo fugit a se nec inv5it cancellos quibus se includat 79 ,psalm #ie74 ,/4 ,?omas wrote ,vix unum ,pat] no/] pote/ homo dic]e qu9 m5s ad alia f]tur4 ,! au?or ( ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/ wrote1 ,= ,i confess truly t ,i am accu/om$ to be v mu* di/ract$4 ,= (t5times ,i am n !re :]e ,i am bodily /&+ or sitt+1 b am r !re :]e my ?\ghts c>ry me 7,bk4 iii4 c4 #dh74 ,! same writ] wrote1 ,& ,i1 a wret* & ! vile/ ( m54444 ,i c h>dly sp5d "o half h\r z ,i ought4 ,/4 ,t]esa wrote1 ,i am n less di/ract$ ?an y are dur+ ,(fice1 & try to ?9k t x arises f weakness ( head4 ,d n fe> to ?9k s1 too4 ,does n our ,"l "k1 t :5 we p]=m ?is duty we w\ld wi% to d x ) ! greate/ possible att5tion8 ,aft] read+ ^! words we c und]/& h[ pray] (f]$ up ) involunt>y di/ractions is true1 holy pray]4 ,/4 ,?omas tells u ,dic5dum quod 9 spiritu et v]itate orat1 qui ex in/9ctu spiritus ad or&um acc$it1 etiamsi ex aliqua infirmitate m5s po/modum evagetur4444 ,evagatio v]o m5tis quae fit praet] propositum orationis fructum non tollat 7#b4b4 q4 #hc1 a4 #ac74 ,nev]!less1 e ef=t %\ld be made to avoid & to bani% di/ractions4 ,! ways ( do+ ?is are giv5 9 all treatises on pray]4 ,e prie/ kn[s !m well4 ,!re are negative means & positive means4 ,! negative means consi/ 9 )draw+ ! s5ses & ! p[]s ( ! s\l f ev]y?+ di/urb+ ! s\l's conv]se ) ,god2 9 gu>d+ aga9/ any too absorb+ int]e/ 9 worldly affairs1 s t ! m9d is unmanageable & _c be fix$ on sacr$ ?+s4 ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 work+ at a piece ( furniture be=e say+ ,t]ce1 01 dur+ ! say+ ( t h\r di/urb$ by ! ?\ght ( 8 manual "w4 ,:5 he re-ent]$ 8 cell he took ! bit ( "w & ?rew x 9 ! fire say+1 ,i wi% to sacrifice to ! ,"l ! ?+ :i* h9d]$ my pray] to ,him4 ,! positive means ( avoid+ & ( bani%+ di/ractions are giv5 above2 !y are to read sl[ly1 to read e ^w1 to read 9 a becom+ position1 to obs]ve *oir directions1 to give ample "t to ea* ,h\r4 ,ano!r rule giv5 by writ]s on ! pi\s recitation ( ! ,(fice1 is to pause at c]ta9 places 9 ! psalms to r5ew att5tion & elicit affections4 ,"s au?ors recomm5d su* pauses at ! end ( ! invitatory1 at ! end ( ea* hymn1 or aft] ea* ,gloria4 ,/udy well ! ,gloria ,patri1 said ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 = 9 x y f9d ! sub/ance ( ! scriptures4 ,v4 ,to apply ! m9d to :at is read is ano!r help to pi\s recitation4 ,x seems to be a useless repetition ( an obvi\s fact t to apply ! m9d to ! pray]s read1 helps to w>d (f & to drive away di/ractions4 ,su* a practice is natural = a p]son ( intellig5ce1 & ! ,*ur* wi%es & expects su* intellig5t & he>tfelt pray]4 ,god said to ! ,jewi% prie/s :at applies to ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood1 too3 ,& n[1 ,o ye prie/s1 ?is comm&m5t is to y1 if y w n he>1 if y w n lay x to he>t to give glory to ,my "n1 sai? ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,i w curse y\r bless+s1 because y h n laid x to he>t 7,mal4 ii4 #a-b74 ,*ri/ compla9$ ab\t ! ,jewi% p :o hon\r$ ,him ) _! lips1 b _h _! he>ts f> f ,him4 ,& ,god's great s]vants realiz$ ?is fully4 ,/4 ,paul said1 ,& he t speake? by a tongue 7! gift ( speak+ /range tongues7 let him pray t he may int]pret4 ,= if ,i pray 9 a tongue my _s praye?1 b my und]/&+ is )\t fruit4 ,:at is x !n8 ,i w pray ) ! _s4 ,i w pray also ) ! und]/&+4 ,i w s+ ) ! _s1 ,i w s+ also ) ! und]/&+ 7,i4 ,cor4 xiv4 #ac-ae74 ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great said t true pray] consi/s n only 9 ! articulation ( ! words1 b also 9 ! att5tion ( ! he>t2 = to obta9 ! div9e graces our good desires h great] efficacy ?an m]e words 7,moral1 lib4 #bb4 cap4 #ac74 ,pet] de ,blois wrote ( ! prie/s ( 8 "t1 ,labia sunt 9 canticis et animus 9 pat9is6 ,_! lips are 9 ! psalms1 b _! he>t is 9 ! di%es6 7,selva74 ,age quod agis1 says ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,,vi4 ,x is advisable n to dwell on ! lit]>y excell5ce ( ! ,brevi>y dur+ ! recitation ( ! ,(fice4 ,x is a useful ?+ t prie/s %\ld recognise ! au?or%ip ( ! psalms recit$1 _! probable dates1 ! circum/ances ( _! composition1 ! sublimity ( _! ?\ght1 ! peculi>ity ( _! ,hebrew /yle1 ! rhy?m & poetry ( ! ,hebrews4 ,b ! dwell+ on ^! ?\ghts leads to di/ractions4 ,aga91 "s prie/s1 l ! cl]ics ( ! ,r5aissance & po/-,r5aissance times1 despise & dislike ! ,brevi>y = its alleg$ b>b>\s /yle4 ,^! unwor?y & fooli% s5tim5ts are met )1 v r>ely4 ,!y are oppos$ to ! prie/ly _s1 :i* %\ld love & respect ! ,scripture extracts1 ,god's inspir$ words4 ,! homilies f ! ,fa!rs are well *os51 & suitable = ! greate/ pray] & = ! greate/ pray]book ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,! hymns are ! wond] & /udy ( s*ol>s ( e religion4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 aft] 8 conv]sion ev51 felt a repugnance = ! holy ,scriptures z unequal to ,cic]o 9 =m4 ,b 9 8 mature age & consid]$ judgm5t1 ! sa9t rev]s$ 8 judgm5t2 non hab5t1 he wrote ( ! ,pagan classics1 illae pag9ae vultum pietatis1 lacrymas confessionis spiritum contribulatum cor contritum et humiliatum 7,confess4 ,bk4 #g1 c4 #ba74 ,,vii4 ,to ?9k ( ,*ri/'s ,passion is ano!r aid to good ,brevi>y recitation4 ,we h se5 9 ! !ological "p ( ?is book 7page #d7 ! sev5 pr9cipal /ages ( ! ,passion :i* correspond ) ! sev5 pr9cipal p>ts ( ! ,(fice4 ,& ?is dev\t ?\ght on "s sc5e ( ! ,passion is recomm5d$ by all writ]s on ! ,div9e ,(fice1 z an easy & v pr(itable means & aid to att5tive & dev\t say+ ( ! ,h\rs4 ,x is a means practis$ by ?\s&s ( prie/s4 ,/4 ,bonav5ture recomm5d$ t at ea* ,h\r "s ?\ght ( ! my/]ies ( ! life & dea? ( ,*ri/ %\ld be held 9 m9d4 ,?us1 ,mat9s1 ! night ,(fice1 might be (f]$ up 9 hon\r ( ! bir? & infancy ( ,*ri/2 ,lauds1 9 hon\r ( ,8 resurrection2 ,t]ce1 9 hon\r ( ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 ,none1 9 memory ( ,*ri/'s dea?2 ,vesp]s1 9 ?anksgiv+ = ! ,eu*>i/4 ,,viii4 ,to rememb] ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ( our angel gu>dian1 & ( ! demons1 is a practice recomm5d$ by writ]s on recitation ( ! ,(fice 9 or out ( *oir4 ,?is ?\ght ( ! pres5ce ( ,god 0 "o ( ! aids recomm5d$ by ,/4 ,b5$ict to 8 religi\s1 to aid _! dev\t fulfilm5t ( ! great "w ( recit+ _! ,h\rs wor?ily1 att5tively1 & dev\tly4 ,c5turies aft] ,/4 ,b5$ict's dea? we f9d ,/4 ,bonav5ture repeat+ ?is advice to 8 novices4 ,bless$ ,pet] ,fab]1 ,s4,j41 to make 8 ,brevi>y pray] m f]v5t1 us$ to picture to himself ! pres5ce ( 8 gu>dian angel at 8 side record+ 8 pi\s & holy ?\ghts1 & ! demon record+ 8 di/ractions4 ,de>ly belov$ prie/1 wrote ,/4 ,alphonsus1 :5 y take ! ,brevi>y 9 y\r h&1 imag9e t an angel /&s on "o side to regi/] y\r m]its 9 ! ,book ( ,life if y say ! ,(fice ) devotion1 & on ! o!r a devil :o1 if y recite x ) di/raction1 writes y\r faults 9 ! book ( dea?4 ,) ?is ?\ght excite y\rself to say ! ,(fice ) ! greate/ possible devotion4 ,endeav\r1 !n1 n only at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,(fice1 b also at ! beg9n+ ( ea* psalm1 to r5ew y\r att5tion1 t y may be able to excite 9 y\r he>t all ! s5tim5ts t y %all read 7,selva74 ,,article ,,iv4--,,aft] ,,say+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice4 #a4 ,give ,god ?anks = ,8 goodness 9 p]mitt+ u to jo9 9 ! great "w1 = he>+ our pray]1 & = ,8 helps & graces dur+ its duration4 #b4 ,ask ,god's p>don = faults committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is pray] ( ,8 ,*ur*4 #c4 ,dev\tly recite ! ,sacro-sanctae et ,individuae ,tr9itati 444 ,am54 ,v4 ,beata visc]a4444,r4 ,et beata ub]a4444 ,?is pray]1 :i* is g5]ally pr9t$ 9 ,brevi>ies imm$iately be=e ! ,psalt]1 is to be said kneel+1 :]e ?is is physically possible4 ,?is is necess>y 9 ord] to ga9 ! indulg5ce grant$ by ,pope ,pius ,x4 to all p]sons oblig$ to recite ! ,div9e ,(fice4 ,x is n ( obligation & its omission is n s9ful4 ,x =ms no "p ( ! obligatory ,(fice4 ,x mu/ be said kneel+1 b at ! reque/ ( ,c>d9al ,asqu9i1 ,prefect ( ! ,congregation ( ,indulg5ces1 ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 0 pleas$ to make "o exception 7,july #ab1 #ahfe7 9 fav\r ( p]sons :o 7 n able to say x kneel+--infirmitatis tantum causa4 ,h5ce1 travell]s or p]sons on a j\rney are n exempt$1 = !y c say x kneel+ at ! end ( ! j\rney4 ,x is suffici5t to say ! ',sacro-sanctae' once only1 t is1 at ! end ( ,compl9e1 ) ! int5tion ( obta9+ p>don ( all ! defects a p]son may h be5 guilty ( 9 say+ ! entire ,(fice4 ,yet x may be repeat$ aft] ea* ,h\r1 e4g41 aft] ,mat9s1 & ,lauds1 aft] ! small ,h\rs & aft] ,compl9e2 9 ea* case "o w\ld !reby get =giv5ess = ! faults committ$ dur+ ! "p ( ! ,(fice recit$4 ,?is explanation has be5 giv5 by ! ,holy ,fa!r 7,pius ,,ix47 himself4 ,! usage among/ ! *apt]s at ,rome1 z at ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,/4 ,m>y's1 etc41 is to recite x e "t !y leave ! *oir 7,maurel1 ,s4,j41 ,le *reti5 e claire sur la nature et l'usage des ,indulg5ces74 ,! beauty & sublimity ( ?is pray] is n always appreciat$4 ,its translation "h may inspire fre% ?\ghts ( f]v\r4 ,to ! mo/ holy & undivid$ ,tr9ity1 to ! humanity ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$1 to ! fruitful virg9ity ( ! mo/ glori\s ,m>y ev] a ,virg91 & to ! company ( all ! sa9ts1 be giv5 by e creature et]nal praise1 hon\r1 p[] & glory1 & to u ! remission ( all our s9s4 ,am54 ,bless$ be ! womb ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :i* bore ! ,son ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r4 ,& bless$ be ! brea/s :i* gave suck to ,*ri/1 our ,"l4 ,9 connection ) ?is pray] an int]e/+ "q is discuss$ 9 ! ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record 7,no4 #edj4 ,decemb]1 #aiab74 ,is ?is pray] m]ely a sacram5tal8 ,has x an indulg5ce atta*$ to x at all8 ,! qu]i/ quotes ,! new ,raccolta1 9 answ]+ ! second "p ( 8 qu]y b wi%es to "k if x be an indulg5ce h[ x produces its effects4 ,= ei!r ! defects committ$ 9 read+ ! ,div9e ,(fice are volunt>y or involunt>y4 ,if volunt>y !y are s9s & consequ5tly _c be t\*$ by an indulg5ce2 if involunt>y !y are n s9ful & !re=e /& 9 no ne$ ( an indulg5ce4 ,9 a v long reply ,dr4 ,john ,m4 ,h>ty sums up1 ,= our "p we adh]e to ! view :i* says t ! efficacy ( ! privilege annex$ by ,leo ,x4 & ,pius ,x4 to ! ,sacro-sanctae is d]iv$ f an indulg5ce4 ,at ! same "t we ?9k t ^! pray]s are also sacram5tals1 s9ce !y are (ficial pray]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,"u ?is aspect1 !y obta9 ! ord9>y b5efits :i* are atta*$ to sacram5tals1 &1 accord+ly lead to a remission ( s9 & temporal puni%m5t by means ( sorr[ & satisfaction1 :i* are elicit$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! abundant graces giv5 by ,god1 ?r\gh ! int]cession ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y also placate ,god1 s z to r5d] ,him will+ to grant ,8 fav\rs ev5 ?\gh defects exi/ 9 ! recitation ( ! ,(fice4444 ,?\gh ^! defects are n produc$ ex op]e op]ato1 !y nev]!less are real1 & are an enc\ragem5t to prie/s1 ^: human frailty prev5ts ! p]fect p]=mance ev5 ( ! mo/ sacr$ functions ( _! prie/ly (fice4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,canonical ,,h\rs4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,mat9s4 ,etymology4 ,! ^w ,mat9s is d]iv$ f ,matuta1 ! ,lat9 "n = ! ,greek goddess ( morn+4 ,! ^w us$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y is matut9um 7i4e41 tempus74 ,x is ! old "n = ,lauds1 ,laudes matut9ae4 ,! ^w 0 also us$ to d5ote ! (fice ( ,vigils4 ,h5ce1 ! ^w 0 us$ 9 ?ree s5ses1 to d5ote ! nocturns & lauds1 to d5ote ,lauds only & to d5ote ! vigil (fice4 ,9 liturgical /udy ! ^w 0 confus+1 & sometimes x is ! context only :i* gives ! au?or's mean+4 ,?is1 ! pr9cipal ,h\r ( ! ,*ur*'s public pray]1 01 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity1 said at night1 & 0 call$ ,nocturnum & ,vigiliae4 ,orig94 ,! night (fice ( vigils dates f ! v e>lie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x d]iv$ its "n f ! vigils or night wat*es ( ! soldi]s1 :o divid$ ! night1 f six o'clock 9 ! ev5+ to six o'clock 9 ! morn+1 into f\r wat*es ( ?ree h\rs ea*4 ,! nightly meet+s ( ! ,*ri/ians came to be call$ by ! "n vigils1 b ! meet+s 7 n begun at ! /at$ h\rs ( milit>y vigil & did n f9i% ) !m4 ,:y ^! meet+s ( ,*ri/ians 7 held at night1 & 9 :at _! religi\s ex]cises consi/$ 91 bo? 9 matt] & =m1 is an unsolv$ problem4 ,b x is c]ta9 t !y resembl$ ! s]vices ( ! ,jewi% synagogue 9 ! read+s f ,scripture1 psalm-s++ & pray]s1 & diff]$ f ^? s]vices by hav+ read+s f ! ,gospels1 ! ,epi/les1 & f non-canonical books1 su* z ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,! ,eu*>i/ic s]vice always =m$ "p ( !m4 ,inde$1 ! v "n1 ,synagogue 0 giv5 to ^! assemblies ( ,*ri/ians1 z we see f ! ,pa/or ( ,h]mes4 ,9 _! common pray]1 !y fac$ t[>ds ! ,ea/1 z ! ,jews did t[>ds ,j]usalem4 ,!y _h prec5tors & janitors z 9 ! ,jewi% rites4 ,_! s]vices consi/$ ( ! read+s f ! ,mosaic law1 f ,gospels & ,epi/les1 exposition ( ,scripture1 a set s]mon1 long & f]v5t bless+s or ?anksgiv+ & psalms4 ,be=e !re 7 any writt5 gospels to read1 we ga!r t ! read+ ( ! ,old ,law1 ( ! ,prophets & ! ,psalms1 0 foll[$ by a set s]mon on ! life & dea? ( ,*ri/ 7,bickel1 ,messe und ,pas*a1 p1 #ia74 ,f ,/4 ,basil 7f\r? c5tury7 x is conclud$ t two *oirs sang ! ,psalms4 ,cassian writes t ! monks ( ! fif? c5tury celebrat$ ! ,night ,(fice ) twelve psalms & read+s f ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,h5ce1 we f9d ! same elem5ts repeat$1 ! psalms g5]ally *ant$ 9 ! =m ( responses1 t is to say1 by "o or m cantors1 ! *oir repeat+ "o v]se :i* s]v$ z a response1 alt]nately ) ! v]ses ( ! psalms1 :i* 7 sung by ! cantors1 read+s tak5 f ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts &1 lat] on1 f ! works ( ! ,fa!rs & ,doctors2 litanies1 supplications1 pray]s = div]s memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 cl]gy1 fai?ful1 neophytes & cate*um5s2 = emp]ors1 travell]s2 ! sick2 & g5]ally = all ! necessities ( ! ,*ur*1 & ev5 = ,jews & = h]etics4 ,x is q easy to f9d ^! ess5tials 9 our mod]n ,mat9s 7,dom ,cabrol1 ,ca?4 ,encyclop$ia1 art4 ,mat9s74 ,mat9s on acc\nt ( its l5g? & position 9 ! ,brevi>y is ! mo/ important "p ( ! daily ,(fice4 ,&1 on acc\nt ( ! v>iety & beauty ( its elem5ts1 is consid]$ ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,! pray] ,pat] ,no/] beg9s ! ,(fice4 ,x is ! ,"l's pray]1 div9a in/itutions =mata1 :5 ,*ri/ told ,8 ,apo/les ,sic vos orabitis 7,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #i74 ,x is ! mo/ excell5t ( all pray]s1 be+ mo/ excell5t 9 its au?or1 its =m1 its dep? ( mean+1 its effects4 ,! pray] consi/s ( a preface1 ,our ,fa!r1 ,:o art 9 heav51 hall[$ be ,?y "n1 ,?y ,k+dom come1 ,?y w be done on e>? z x is 9 heav54 ,& 9 ! body ( ! pray] are sev5 petitions--?ree = ! hon\r & glory ( ,god1 9 & by ourselves1 & f\r = our own wants1 spiritual & temporal4 ,v excell5t matt] on ! greate/ ( pray]s is to be f\nd 9 ! ,cate*ism ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7translation1 ,duffy1 ,dubl97 & 9 ,a ,lapide 7,/4 ,matt4 vi474 ,writ]s on liturgy say t ! recitation ( ! ,pat] ,no/] z ! op5+ pray] ( ,mat9s 0 n obligatory until ! beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is said t ! monks 7 wont to say a ,pat] ,no/] at ea* alt> 9 ! *ur* be=e ent]+ _! /alls = ,(fice recitation4 ,?is practice delay$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,(fice 9 *oir1 & a rule 0 made t ^? :o wi%$ to say ?is pray] mu/ say x 9 _! /alls1 9 a l[ tone4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! ,brevi>y ( ,pius ,v4 7#aefh7 ?is practice became obligatory on ea* p]son b\nd to read ! ,h\rs4 ,ave ,m>ia4 ,?is is a lead+ pray] among/ ! great pray]s ( ! ,mass & ! ,(fice4 ,x1 too1 is excell5t 9 its au?ors1 its =m 7cle>1 %ort devotional71 9 motive 79 hon\r+ ,m>y1 ,"m ( ,god1 & 9 begg+ h] int]cession74 ,x is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ! words ( ! angel1 ( ,/4 ,elizabe? & ( ! ,*ur*1 ,dev\t ?\ghts on ?is pray] h be5 p5n$ by c\ntless cli5ts ( ,m>y 9 e age4 ,prie/s are famili> ) _m su* writ+s1 great & small1 b ,a ,lapide 7,/4 ,luke ,i47 be>s read+ & re-read+4 ,! pray]1 z x /&s 9 ! ,brevi>y to-day1 is n ( v anci5t date4 ,9 po9t ( fact !re is little or no trace ( ! ,hail ,m>y z an accept$ devotional =mula be=e #ajej4444 ,to und]/& ! developm5ts ( ! devotion1 x is important to grasp ! fact t ! ,ave ,m>ia 0 m]ely a =m ( greet+4 ,x 01 !re=e1 long cu/om>y to accompany ! words ) "s ext]nal ge/ure ( homage1 a g5uflexion1 or at lea/ an incl9ation ( ! head4444 ,9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,l\is ! ,ave ,m>ia end$ ) ! words b5$ictus fructus v5tris tui3 x has s9ce be5 ext5d$ by ! introduction bo? ( ! ,holy ,"n & ( a clause ( petition4444 ,we meet ! ,ave z we "k x n[1 pr9t$ 9 ! ,brevi>y ( ! ,camaldolese monks & 9 t ( ! ,ord] de ,m]c$e ,c4 #aead4 444 ,! (ficial recognition ( ! ,ave ,m>ia 9 its complete =m1 ?\gh =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,cate*ism ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 0 f9ally giv5 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y ( #aefh 7,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j41 ,ca?4 ,encyclop$ia1 art4 ,hail ,m>y47 ,cr$o4 ,! ,apo/les' ,cre$ is plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,mat9s1 because ,mat9s is ! beg9n+ ( ! :ole ,(fice1 & fai? is ! beg9n+1 ! pr9cipium ( e sup]natural "w4 ,/4 ,paul tea*es u t x is necess>y = u to /ir up our fai? :5 we approa* ,god1 ,= he t come? to ,god mu/ believe t ,he is4 ,9 recit+ ! ,cre$ we %\ld ?9k ( ! sublime tru?s ( our fai?1 & our he>ts %\ld feel1 :at our lips say1 ,= ) ! he>t we believe unto ju/ice2 b ) ! m\? confession is made unto salvation 7,rom4 x4 #aj74 ,we %\ld rememb] too1 t ?is =mula ( fai? comes to u f ,apo/olic times & t x has be5 repeat$ millions ( times by sa9ts & m>tyrs2 _! s5tim5ts ( belief1 ( confid5ce 9 ,god & love ( ,god %\ld be ours4 ,dom9e labia mea ap]ies4 ,! practice ( ?is beautiful invocation dates f ! "t ( ,/4 ,b5$ict 7#dhj-eec74 ,9 8 ,(fice x /ood aft] ! words ,deus 9 adjutorium4 ,^! words ,dom9e labia mea ap]ies1 tak5 f ! ,psalm ,mis]]e1 rem9d u ( ,god purify+ ! lips ( ,isaias ,8 prophet ) a burn+ coal1 ( h[ ,god op5$ ! lips ( ,za*>y to bless ,god & to prophesy4 ,& imm$iately 8 m\? 0 op5$ & 8 tongue loos$1 & he spoke bless+ ,god 7,/4 ,luke1 i4 #fd74 ,v appropriately1 does ! prie/ recit+ ! ,div9e ,(fice ask ,god to op5 8 lips1 to =tify 8 consci5ce1 to t\* 8 he>t4 ,deus 9 adjutorium4 ,^! words1 ! op5+ words ( ,psalm #fi1 7 always & ev]y:]e us$ by ! monks ( old1 says ,cassian1 :o call$ ?is %ort pray] ! =mula ( piety1 ! cont9ual pray]4 ,! ,*ur* repeats x (t5 9 h] ,(fice4 ,/4 ,john ,climacus says x is ! great cry ( petition = help to triumph ov] our invisible enemy1 :o wi%es to di/ract u & to m> our pray]4 ,x %\ld be said ) humility & ) confid5ce 9 ,god4 ,9 repeat+ ^! holy words we make ! sign ( ! ,cross2 =1 all grace comes f ! sacrifice ( ! ,cross2 & besides1 x is a holy & an anci5t practice to beg9 all good works ) ! sacr$ sign4 ,gloria ,patri4 ,?is little pray] indicates ! purpose & end ( ! recitation ( ! ,(fice1 ! glory ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,br+ to ! ,"l glory & hon\r2 br+ to ! ,"l glory to ,8 "n 7,psalm #bh74 ,! _m repetitions ( ?is =mula 9 ! ,*ur* liturgy %[s ! great hon\r :i* %e pays to x1 & ! tru/ %e places 9 its efficacy4 ,x 0 especially lov$ by ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 :o said t x conta9$ all wisdom4 ,?is =m ( doxology1 ,glory be to ! ,fa!r1 to ! ,son1 & to ! ,holy ,gho/1 0 adopt$ to repel ,arianism1 by giv+ to ! fai?ful a compact !ological =mula by :i* !y c\ld end e dispute4 ,"s au?ors quote ,/4 ,ephrem 7circa #cfc7 z ! orig9ator ( ?is mu*-us$ pray]4 ,! =m w\ld seem to be ( ,syrian orig91 translat$ into ,greek & lat] into ,lat9 7,dom ,cambrol1 ,dictionnaire d' ,ar*eologie ,*reti5ne1 ,i41 #bbhb1 et seq41 ^w ,anti5ne1 ,liturgie2 ,mon?1 ,may1 #aiaj74 ,invitatory4 ,v5ite ,adoremus4444 ,! cry ( ! ,*ur* call+ on all to adore & praise ,god1 ,:o has done all = u1 ,:o is ! ,great ,%eph]d1 & we1 ! %eep ( ,8 fold1 %\ld n h>d5 our he>ts z did ! ungrateful ,jews4 ,we %\ld pray = all1 ,ca?olics1 infidels & s9n]s4 ,a message f ! sa9ts4 ,let u imag9e1 l ,/4 ,/eph5 at 8 m>tyrdom1 we are privileg$ to see ! heav5s op5$1 & be=e our eyes ! ,city ( ,god1 ) its twelve gates all ( pe>l1 & its /reets ( pure gold1 z x 7 transp>5t glass1 is laid b>e1 & t we see ! angels 9 _! legions1 & ! r$eem$ ( ! ,"l ar\nd ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,?\s&s ( ?\s&s are m9i/]+ to ,him1 z ,/4 ,john tells u1 & t5 ?\s& times a hundr$ ?\s& /& be=e ,him1 & we he> ! voice ( ,god1 z ! noise ( _m wat]s 9 company ) t great multitude :i* no man c numb]1 out ( e tribe & nation1 clo!d 9 :ite robes1 ) palms 9 _! h&s1 com+ into ,sion ) praise1 ) ev]la/+ joy ^u _! heads1 = f _! eyes ,god has wip$ away all te>s1 & sorr[ & m\rn+ h fl$ away4 ,!re are ! :ite-rob$ army ( ,m>tyrs1 holy ,confessors1 too1 m5 ( r5[n 9 _! g5]ation1 & ,virg9s1 ! ,sp\ses ( ,*ri/3 !re are ^? :o h come ?r\gh great tribulation1 :o once1 p]*ance1 7 f> f ,god1 b h wa%$ _! robes 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb & are n[ numb]$ among ! p ( ,god1 sitt+ 9 ! beauty ( peace & 9 ! tab]nacle ( confid5ce & 9 weal?y re/4 ,let u br+ !m all be=e u 9 vision4 ,!y h ov]come ! bea/ & are /&+ by ! sea ( glass1 hav+ ! h>ps ( ,god2 ! ,pr9ce ( ,pa/ors has appe>$ to !m & !y h receiv$ a nev]-fail+ cr[n ( glory & by ! ,lamb ( ,god !y h be5 l$ to f\nta9s ( ! wat]s ( life4 ,let u li/5 z !y s+ _! canticle to ,god1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,"l ,god ( ,ho/s1 :o is & :o 0 & :o is to come2 let u li/5 z !y s+ to u1 = we are fell[ citiz5s ) !m1 & :]e !y are we also mu/ be if we rema9 fai?ful to ! end4 ,:at d !y s+1 ,o come let u praise ! ,"l ) joy2 let u joyfully s+ to ,god1 our ,savi\r 7,s+ ye to ! ,"l1 pp4 #id-ie--,rev4 ,r4 ,eaton74 ,! au?or%ip ( ?is psalm--:i* is said daily 9 ,mat9s--is attribut$ to ,david 9 ! ,septuag9t & ,vulgate4 ,its ,lat9 =m 9 ! invitatory diff]s slightly f ! ,vulgate text4 ,! ,brevi>y reta9s "h ! text ( ,/4 ,j]ome's revision & ! ,vulgate conta9s ! second & m correct revision4 ,hymns4 ,! hymn is an answ] to ! invitation giv5 to u 9 ! invitatory1 to praise ,god & to rejoice ) ,him4 ,x is a song ( joy & praise4 ,hymns 7 introduc$ into ! ,div9e ,(fice 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* be=e ! "t ( ,/4 ,ambrose 7#cdj-cig74 ,to combat ! ,arians1 :o spread _! errors by v]se set to popul> airs1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 x is said1 introduc$ public liturgical hymn-s++ 9 8 *ur* 9 ,milan1 & 8 example 0 foll[$ gradually ?r\gh ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 7,see ,note ,a1 infra47 ,! f9al /anza ( a ,brevi>y hymn is call$ ! doxology 7,greek3 doxa praise1 ,greek3 logos spee*71 a speak+ ( praise4 ,hymns :i* h ! f9al /anza prop]1 ! ,ave ,m>is /ella1 ,lauds hymn ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 ,mat9s hymn = sev]al ,m>tyrs1 ! fir/ ,vesp] hymn ( ! ,(fice ( ,holy ,cross1 & ! ,vesp] hymns ( ,/4 ,v5antius & ,/4 ,john ,cantius1 nev] *ange ! word+ ( ! /anza4 ,b1 :]e ! metre ( ! hymn admits su* a *ange z possible 9 ! la/ /anza4 7a7 ,f ,*ri/mas to ,epiphany ,jesu tibi sit gloria1 ,qui natus es de ,virg9e is ins]t$ 9 all hymns1 ev5 on sa9ts' (fices4 7b7 ,f ,epiphany till end ( its octave1 ,jesu tibi sit gloria1 ,qui app>ui/i g5tibus4 7c7 ,f ,l[ ,sunday till ,asc5sion ,?ursday1 on ,p5teco/ ,sunday & its octave1 all hymns end 9 ,deo ,patri sit gloria1 ,et ,filio qui a mortuis4 ,?is is ! end+ = all hymns ( sa9ts' fea/s 9 ,pas*al times1 except+ ^? hymns m5tion$ above4 7d7 ,f ,asc5sion to ,p5teco/ 7except 9 ! hymn ,salutis humanae ,sator7 ! doxology is ,jesu tibi sit gloria1 ,qui victor 9 coelum r$is4 7e7 ,fea/ ( ,transfiguration has ,jesu1 tibi sit gloria1 ,qui te revelas p>vulis4 ,9 all o!r hymns ! doxology is read z x is pr9t$ 9 ! ,brevi>y4 ,antiphons4 ,antiphon1 com+ f ,greek words mean+ a re-e*o+ ( ! s\nd1 is a *ant p]=m$ alt]nately by two *oirs1 & 0 us$ 9 pagan drama1 long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,at :at date x 0 introduc$ into ,*ur* liturgy x is difficult to det]m9e4 ,"s say x 0 introduc$ by ,/4 ,ignatius1 second ,bi%op ( ,antio*4 ,x is c]ta9 t x 0 us$ by bi%ops & prie/s to attract1 reta9 & tea* ! fai?ful dur+ ! ,arian h]esy4 ,9 *ur* music1 ! lector ceas$ to recite ! psalm z a solo & ! fai?ful divid$ into two *oirs1 unit$ 9 ! refra9 ,gloria ,patri4 ,) u1 ! antiphon g5]ally is a v]se or v]ses f ,scripture1 recit$ be=e & aft] ea* psalm4 ,! v]se :i* s]ves z ! antiphon text conta9s ! fundam5tal ?\ght ( ! psalm to :i* x is sung & indicates ! po9t ( view f :i* x is to be und]/ood4 ,9 o!r words1 x gives ! key to ! liturgical & my/ical mean+ ( ! psalm1 ) reg>d to ! fea/ on :i* x occurs 7,ca?4 ,encycl41 art4 ,antiphon74 ,psalms4 ,9 ! ,brevi>y1 be=e ! rec5t re=m1 twelve psalms 7 recit$ 9 ! fir/ nocturn ( ,sundays & on f]ias4 ,?is recitation ( twelve psalms 01 ,cassian tells u1 caus$ by ! app>ition ( an angel1 :o appe>$ to ! monks & sang at "o session twelve psalms1 t]m9at+ ) ,alleluia4 ,! ev5t 0 m5tion$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,t\rs1 ,9 ! new re=m1 n9e psalms are recit$ at ,mat9s2 !y %\ld1 ! old writ]s on liturgy tell u1 rem9d u ( ! n9e *oirs ( angels :o )\t ceas+ s+ ,god's praise4 ,9 ! new ,psalt]1 ! ,psalms h be5 divid$ into two l>ge divisions1 ,psalms ,i4--,,cviii4 be+ assign$ to ! night ,(fice1 ,mat9s2 & ,psalms ,,cix4--,,cl4 = ! day ,(fices1 ,lauds to ,compl9e4 ,f ?is latt] division has be5 made3-- 7#a7 a selection ( psalms suitable by _! "* & mean+ to ,lauds 7vide infra1 psalms at ,lauds72 7#b7 a selection ( psalms suitable to ,compl9e2 7#c7 ! psalms long us$ 9 ! small ,h\rs ( ,sunday's ,(fice2 7#d7 ! fir/ psalms assign$ by ,pope ,pius ,v4 to ,prime on ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday & ,friday4 ,! rema9+ psalms are divid$ into sev5 gr\ps1 9 simple num]ical ord]4 ,! psalms ( ,mat9s g5]ally come fir/1 & are foll[$ imm$iately by ! gr\ps ( psalms = ! day ,h\rs4 ,9 ! new ,brevi>y1 sev5 new canticles are add$ to ! t51 :i* /ood 9 ! old] book4 ,! t5 tak5 f ! old & f ! new ,te/am5t are ,audite coeli 7,deut41 *ap4 #cb7 9 ,lauds = ,saturday2 ,b5$icite 7,daniel1 *ap4 #c7 ,sunday's ,lauds2 ,cantemus 7,exod41 *ap4 #ae7 ,?ursday's ,lauds2 ,confitebor 7,isaias1 *ap4 #ab7 ,monday's ,lauds2 ,dom9e audivi 7,habacuc1 *ap4 #c7 ,friday's ,lauds2 ,ego dixi 7,isaias1 *ap4 #ch7 ,tuesday's ,lauds2 ,exultavit 7,i4 ,k+s1 *ap #b7 ,w$nesday's ,lauds4 ,f ! new ,te/am5t we h ,b5$ictus1 ,magnificat1 ,nunc dimittis4 ,to ^! are n[ add$ ,audite v]bum 7,j]emias1 *ap4 #ca71 ,b5$ictus es 7,i4 ,p>alip41 *ap4 #bi71 ,b5$ictus es 7,daniel1 *ap4 #c71 ,hymnum cantemus 7,judi?1 *ap4 #af71 ,magnus es 7,tobias1 *ap4 #ac71 ,mis]]e no/ri 7,ecclus4 #cf71 ,v]e tu es ,deus 7,isaias1 *ap4 #de74 7,cf4 ,! ,new ,psalt]1 ,burton & ,my]s1 pp4 #ea-eb74 ,! psalms reta9 ! acc5tuation ( ! ,lat9 words1 :i* 0 ins]t$ at ! reque/ ( ,pius ,v4 9 ! ,re=m$ ,brevi>y ( #aefh2 & also ! a/]isk1 :i* 0 introduc$ to m>k ! division ( ! v]ses ( ! ,psalms 9 ,urban ,,viii4's ,re=m 9 #afcb4 ,! v]se division ( ! psalms d n1 9 ! ,brevi>y1 always co9cide ) ^? ( ! ,vulgate--e4g41 ,psalm ,x43-- ,,psalt] ,,vulgate ,dom9us 9 templo sancto suo ,dom9us 9 templo sancto suo ,dom9us 9 coelo s$es ejus ,dom9us 9 coela s$es ejus3 7v4#d74 ,oculi ejus 9 paup]em respsiciunt2 palpebrae ejus int]rogant filios hom9um 7v]se #e74 ,! pres5t v]se divisions ( ! ,vulgate 7 introduc$ by a ,calv9i/ic pr9t] ( ,g5eva1 :o us$ !m 9 an edition ( ! ,greek new ,te/am5t publi%$ 9 #aefa4 ,=m]ly1 biblical *apt]s 71 = sake ( ref]5ce1 divid$ into sev5 sections d5ot$ by lett]s ( ! alphabet a1 b1 c1 etc4 ,9 ! old] brevi>ies1 ! ref]5ce to ! little lesson at ,compl9e /ood1 ,i4 ,pet4 v4c4 ,! new ,brevi>y has adopt$ ! mod]n =m ( ref]5ce1 & we n[ read ,i4 ,pet4 v4 #h-i4 ,x is sometimes confus+ to f9d ref]5ce made to ! psalms by non-,ca?olic writ]s4 ,?is arises f ! diff]5t me?od ( numb]+ :i* is us$ by !m4 ,9 ! ,greek v]sion ( ! old ,te/am5t--! septuag5t--! ,psalt] is arrang$ diff]5tly f ! ,hebrew4 ,psalms #i & #aj are c\nt$ z "o & s are ,psalms #aad & #aae1 b #aaf & #aag are divid$ into two1 leav+ ! complete numb] #aej1 z 9 ! ,hebrew v]sion4 ,! ,vulgate & ! ,d\ay v]sion foll[ ! ,greek1 & ,psalm #i conta9s #ba v]ses1 n #ch z 9 ! ,engli% ,au?oris$ ,v]sion4 ,! ,engli% revis$ v]sion foll[s ! numb]+ ( ! ,vulgate4 ,our ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,psalms is t ( ! old ,itala2 x 0 n made directly on ! ,hebrew orig9al 444 x is !n a translation 7! ,greek74 ,by ! "t ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 x _h become v faulty1 ow+ to ! v _m transcriptions :i* _h be5 made ( x2 & ?is great s*ol> revis$ x1 ab\t #chc ,a4,d41 on ! reque/ ( ,pope ,damascus4 ,8 corrections 7 n v num]\s1 because1 he fe>$ to upset1 by too _m *anges1 ! habits ( ! fai?ful1 mo/ ( :om knew ! psalms by he>t4 ,?is fir/ v]sion is kn[n z ! ,roman ,psalt]4 ,x 0 soon deem$ insuffici5t4 ,/4 ,j]ome once m set to "w betwe5 #chg & #cia1 & publi%$ a second edition1 m c>efully & m ext5sively correct$1 ( ! ,italic v]sion ( ! ,psalms2 x is call$ ! ,gallican ,psalt]1 because x 0 adopt$ by ! *ur*es ( ,gaul4 ,:5 he1 lat] on1 translat$ ! ,old ,te/am5t f ! ,hebrew1 he publi%$ 8 ?ird edition ( ! ,psalms1 ! ,hebraic ,psalt]4 ,?is v]sion 0 a good "o1 b ! fai?ful 7 s famili> ) ! old ,itala psalt] t ! ,*ur*1 9 h] wisdom1 ?\ght be/ to keep x 9 ! editions ( ! ,vulgate accord+ to ! ,gallican =m4444 ,our (ficial v]sion ( ! psalms is !n 9 _m ways defective4 ,x is frequ5tly incorrect & b>b>\s 9 /yle1 obscure 9 places1 & ev5 fails at times to give ! exact s5se ( ! orig9al4 ,al?\gh our ,vulgate is n p]fect1 x possesses admirable /r5g? & concis5ess1 jo9$ to an agreeable sav\r :i* gives x ! greate/ value & causes ! words ( ! sacr$ s+]s1 "u ?is =m ( ! ,lat9 spok5 by ! p1 to /rike ! m9d & become engrav$ ^u ! memory mu* bett] ?an if !y 7 clo!d 9 all ! elegance ( a mod]n tongue 7,vig\r\x2 ,manuel ,biblique1 tom4 ii41 #ffc-ffd74 ,! foll[+ replies by ! ,biblical ,commission 7,may1 #aiaj7 may n be deem$ out ( place3-- ,i4 ,:e!r ! appellations1 ,psalms ( ,david1 ,hymns ( ,david1 ,davidical ,psalt]y1 employ$ 9 ! old collections & 9 ! ,c\ncils !mselves to designate ! ,book ( ! "o hundr$ & fifty ,psalms ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z well z ! op9ion ( _m ,fa!rs & ,doctors :o held t absolutely all ! psalms ( ! ,psalt]y are to be ascrib$ to ,david alone1 h s mu* =ce t ,david mu/ be reg>d$ z ! sole au?or ( ! entire ,psalt]y8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! negative4 ,,ii4 ,:e!r x may rightly be argu$ f ! concordance ( ! ,hebrew text ) ! ,alex&r9e ,greek text & o!r anci5t v]sions1 t ! titles prefix$ to ! ,hebrew text are old] ?an ! v]sion kn[n z ! ,septuag9t1 & t !re=e !y h be5 d]iv$ if n f ! au?ors !mselves ( ! ,psalms at lea/ f ! anci5t ,judaic tradition8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! affirmative4 ,,iii4 ,:e!r ! said titles ( ! ,psalms1 z witnesses ( ,judaic tradition1 may be prud5tly call$ into "q :5 !re is no grave argum5t aga9/ _! g5u95ess8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! negative4 ,,iv4 ,:e!r1 consid]+ ! n unfrequ5t te/imonies ( ! ,sacr$ ,scripture conc]n+ ! natural skill ( ,david1 illum9$ by ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 ! composition ( religi\s canticles1 ! in/itutions laid d[n by him = ! liturgical *ant ( ! ,psalms1 ! attribution to him ( ,psalms made bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t & 9 ! v inscriptions :i* h be5 prefix$ to ! ,psalms f antiquity1 & 9 addition to all ?is ! agreem5t ( ! ,jews & ! ,fa!rs & ,doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 x c be prud5tly d5i$ t ,david is ! pr9cipal au?or ( ! canticles ( ! ,psalt]y1 or t x c be affirm$ t only a few ( ! canticles are to be attribut$ to ! ,royal ,psalmi/8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! negative to bo? p>ts4 ,v4 ,:e!r1 specifically1 ! ,davidical orig9 c be d5i$ ( ^? psalms :i* bo? 9 ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t are cit$ expressly "u ! "n ( ,david1 among :i* are specially to be reckon$ ,psalm ,,ii41 ,qu>e fremu]unt g5tes2 ,psalm ,,xv41 ,cons]va me ,dom9e2 ,psalm ,,xvii41 ,diligam te1 ,dom9e =titudo mea2 ,psalm ,,xxxi41 ,beati quorum remissae sunt iniquitates2 ,psalm ,,lxviii41 ,salvum me fac1 ,deus2 ,psalm ,,cix41 ,dixit ,dom9us ,dom9o meo8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! negative4 ,,vi4 ,:e!r x is possible to admit ! op9ion ( ^? :o hold t among ! ,psalms ( ! ,psalt]y !re are "s1 ei!r ( ,david or ( o!r au?ors :i* on acc\nt ( liturgical or musical reasons1 ! c>elessness ( amanu5ses or o!r unkn[n causes1 h be5 divid$ or unit$2 & also t !re are o!r ,psalms su* z ! ,mis]]e mei1 ,deus1 :i* 9 ord] t !y might be bett] adapt$ to ! hi/orical circum/ances or solemnities ( ! ,jewi% p h be5 slightly revis$ or modifi$1 by ! omission or addition ( a v]sicle or two sav+1 h[ev]1 ! inspiration ( ! :ole sacr$ text8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! affirmative to bo? p>ts4 ,,vii4 ,:e!r ! op9ion c ) probability be ma9ta9$ ( ^? among m rec5t writ]s :o h endeav\r$ to %[ f m]ely int]nal indications or an inaccurate int]pretation ( ! sacr$ text t n a few ( ! psalms 7 compos$ aft] ! "t ( ,esdras & ,nehemias1 or ev5 aft] ! "t ( ! ,mac*abees8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! negative4 ,,viii4 ,:e!r f ! manifold te/imonies ( ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! unanim\s agreem5t ( ! ,fa!rs1 z well z f ! admission ( ! writ]s ( ! ,jewi% p1 sev]al prophetic & ,messianic psalms are to be recognis$1 z prophesy+ conc]n+ ! com+ k+dom1 prie/hood1 passion1 dea? & resurrection ( ! future ,r$eem]2 & t !re=e ! op9ion is to be absolutely reject$ ( ^? :o1 p]v]t+ ! prophetic & ,messianic "* ( ! ,psalms1 twi/ ^! same prophecies reg>d+ ,*ri/ into m]ely a pr$iction reg>d+ ! future lot ( ! *os5 p8 ,,answ]3 ,9 ! affirmative to bo? p>ts4 ,on ,may #a1 #aiaj1 9 an audi5ce graci\sly grant$ to bo? ,mo/ ,rev]5d ,consultors ,secret>ies ,8 ,hol9ess approv$ ! =ego+ answ]s & ord]$ t !y be publi%$4 ,rome1 ,may #a1 #aiaj4 ,,pulcranus ,,vig\r\x1 ,p4,s4,s4 ,,laur5tius ,,janss5s1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,consultors ,secret>ies4 ,! ,psalms 7 always de> to ! he>ts ( ,*ri/ians4 ,our ,"l di$ ) ! words ( a psalm on ,8 sacr$ lips3 ,into ?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s 7,psalm #cj1 v4 #f74 ,millions ( dy+ ,*ri/ians h repeat$ ,8 great pray]4 ,on ! ,*ur*'s v bir?day1 :5 ,/4 ,pet] prea*$ ! fir/ ,*ri/ian s]mon1 he _h ?ree texts & two ( !m 7 f ! ,psalms 7,acts ,,ii474 ,to an educat$ & rigid ,ph>isee l ,/4 ,paul !y 7 a treasure h\se ( tea*+4 ,to ! e>ly ,*ri/ians ! ,psalms 7 a pray] book1 = !re 0 no ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,x 0 tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion be=e ! fir/ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 writt54 ,h5ce ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,james tell _! fell[ ,*ri/ians to use ! ,psalms 9 wor%ip 7,ephesians1 v4 #ai2 ,colos4 iii4 #af2 ,i4 ,/4 ,james #e-ac74 ,"s ( ! greate/ ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s & sa9ts1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ,b$e1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e all /udi$ ! psalms deeply & wrote le>n$ comm5t>ies on !m4 ,! works ( lat] sa9ts ab\nd 9 happy & beautiful quotations f ^! religi\s poems4 ,) !m1 too1 z ) ^? holy p ( :om ,/4 ,*ryso/om wrote1 ,david is fir/1 la/ & mid/4 ,= _m ye>s no prie/ 0 orda9$ :o c\ld n recite ! :ole ,psalt] )\t ! aid ( a book1 ,?is v5]ation ( ! inspir$ words des]ves respect & imitation4 ,! le>n$ ,calmet 7#afgb-ageg7 writ+ ( ! univ]sal e/eem & /udy ( ! ,psalms1 said t !n !re exi/$ m ?an a ?\s& comm5t>ies on !m4 ,s9ce !n1 ! numb] has be5 d\bl$2 s great & univ]sal is ! rev]5ce & e/eem 9 :i* ?is book ( ,scripture is held4 ,to conclude ?is v long note on ! ,psalms ,i quote ! qua9t words ( a m$iaeval poet4 ,x %[s h[ ! sa9ts ( old f\nd _! ,ma/] 9 ! songs ( ,8 great ance/or3-- ,ri?mis et s5su v]borum consociatum ,psalt]ium ,jesu1 sic e/ opus hoc vocitatum1 ,qui legit int5te1 quocunque dolore prematur1 ,s5tiet inde bonum1 dolor ejus et alleviatur2 ,ergo pius legat hoc ejus sub amore lib5t]1 ,cujus ibi ,nom5 scriptum videt esse frequ5t]4 ,v]sicle & respond are plac$ aft] ! psalms & be=e ! lessons to r\se ! att5tion :i* is necess>y be=e all pray]1 & ! lessons are a noble =m ( pray]4 ,^! little pray]s are ( v anci5t orig9 & 7 dealt ) by ,alcu9 7#gce-hjd7 9 8 rec5sion ( ! ,gregorian books = use 9 ,gaul4 ,8 pupil1 ,amal>e1 also /udi$ !m1 s t a mean+ %\ld be f\nd 9 :at 0 sung1 & t ! truncat$ repetitions %\ld be avoid$4 ,he reta9$ :at 0 traditional & anci5t1 introduc$ v]sicles & responds tak5 f anci5t ,roman books & f books belong+ to ,metz1 select$ passages f ! ,gospels :i* seem to fit 9 ) ! antiphons & add$ !m to :at he f\nd 9 ! ,roman books1 made alt]ations 9 ! ord] "h & !re & gave completion to ! :ole by add+ "s (fices = sa9ts' days prop] to ! ,*ur* ( ,metz 7,baudot1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y1 p4 #hh74 ,amal>e _h be5 adm9i/rator ( ! diocese ( ,lyons dur+ ! exile ( ,agob>d ! ,ar*bi%op4 ,! latt]1 ) le>n+ & bitt]ness1 attack$ ! re=ms ( ,amal>e1 b1 9 spite ( all1 ! re=m ( ,amal>e held its gr\nd 9 ,metz1 & !n 9 ! great] numb] ( ! *ur*es nor? ( ! ,alps 7,baudot1 op4 cit474 ,mu* ( ! "w ( ,amal>e /&s 9 our ,brevi>y4 ,pat] ,no/] is said to beg f ,god1 light & grace to und]/& ! doctr9e conta9$ 9 ! lessons4 ,9 *oir1 a "p ( ! ,pat] ,no/] is said 9 common & 9 a l\d voice to recall ! ,communion ( sa9ts4 ,absolutions & ,bless+s4 ,! cu/om ( giv+ a bless+ be=e ! lections 0 already 9 exi/5ce 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! rul] ( ! *oir1 :o gave x 9 ! beg9n+1 gave also ! signal = ! t]m9ation ( ! lesson by ! words1 ',tu autem' 7scil1 des9e or cessa71 to :i* ! read] respond$ ',dom9e mis]]e nobis1' :ile ! *oir answ]$ ,deo gratias4 ,9 ! palace ( ,aix-la-,*apeile1 x 0 by knock+1 & n by ! words ,tu autem1 t ! ,emp]or ,*>lemagne gave ! signal = ! conclusion ( ! lections1 :ile ! lector recit$ himself1 ,tu autem1 ,dom9e mis]]e nobis4 ,! ,rituale ,ecclesiae ,dunelm5sis1 conta9+ fragm5ts ( ! ,roman liturgy f ! end ( ! sev5? to ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 includes =ms ( bless+ = ! diff]5t fe/ivals1 sometimes ?ree1 sometimes n9e4 ,9 ! latt] case ea* lesson 0 provid$ ) its own =m ( bless+1 :i* correspond ) ! my/]y commemorat$ by ! fe/ival4 ,! absolutions1 ,exaudi ,dom9e & ,a v9culis peccatorum did n appe> until ! succe$+ p]iod 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 p4 #gd74 ,9 (fices ( ?ree & ( n9e lessons1 ! lessons are prec$$ by ! absolutions & bless+s z !y /& 9 ! ord9>ium1 except 9 ! ,(fice = ! ,dead & ,t5ebrae ,(fices :5 !y are n said4 ,! ,absolution is said imm$iately aft] ! ,pat] ,no/] :i* foll[s ! v]sicle & response "u ! ?ird1 six? or n9? psalm4 ,! fir/ b5$iction is said imm$iately aft] x1 & ! second & ?ird at ! conclusion ( ! responses aft] ea* lesson & 9 reply to ! words ,jube ,dom9e b5$ic]e4 ,! ?ree words are to be said 7:5 only "o p]son recites ! (fice7 be=e ! %ort ,lesson at ,prime & ,compl9e4 ,9 an (fice ( n9e lessons1 ! absolutions & b5$ictions 9 ! fir/ two nocturns d n v>y2 b 9 ! ?ird nocturns ! eigh? b5$iction may be1 if ! (fice is ( a sa9t1 ,cujus fe/um1 or if ( two or m sa9ts1 ,quorum 7vel qu>um7 fe/um4 ,! n9? may be ,ad societatem or1 if ! n9? lesson be a gospel extract ) homily1 ,p] evangelica4 ,9 (fices ( ?ree lessons ! ,absolution ,exaudi is said on ,monday & ,?ursday2 ,ipsius1 on ,tuesday & ,friday2 ,a v9culis1 on ,w$nesday & ,saturday4 ,b ! b5$ictions v>y4 ,?us1 :5 a gospel extract & a homily are read1 ! ?ree b5$ictions are ,evangelica1 ,div9um1 ,ad societatem4 ,:5 ) ! ?ree lessons1 no gospel extract is read1 ! b5$ictions are ,b5$ictione1 ,unig5itus1 ,spiritus ,sancti4 ,9 an (fice ( a sa9t or sa9ts1 :]e ! total numb] ( lessons to be said is ?ree 7e4g41 ! ,(fice ( ,,ss4 ,abdon et ,s5n51 #cj ,july71 :]e fir/ two lessons are f ,scripture occurr+ & la/ lesson gives lives ( ^! sa9ts1 ! b5$ictions are1 ,ille nos1 ,cujus 7vel ,quorum aut ,qu>um7 fe/um1 ,ad societatem4 ,lessons4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! ,div9e ,(fice consi/$ 9 ! s++ ( psalms1 ! read+ ( portions ( ,sacr$ ,scripture & ! say+ ( pray]s4 ,! pr9ciple ( cont9u\s read+ ( ! books ( ! ,bible be>s an e>ly date4 ,lat] 7 add$ read+s f ! acts ( ! m>tyrs1 & lat] /ill1 read+s f ! homilies ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,till ! sev5? c5tury ! f]ial ,(fice _h no lessons & ! ,sunday ,(fice _h only ?ree1 all tak5 f ! ,bible1 :i* 0 read 9 its entirety1 ye>ly4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury1 f]ial ,(fices receiv$ ?ree lessons4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,/4 ,gregory1 7di$ #fjd7 ! ,(fice = ,mat9s 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts or nocturns1 ea* hav+ lessons4 ,! lessons = ! second & ?ird nocturns 7 n tak5 f ! ,bible1 b f ! works ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,^! extracts 7 collect$ 9 book =m--! homil>ia4 ,! collection ( extracts made by ,paul ! deacon 7#gcj-gig7 & us$ by ,*>les ! ,great 7#gdb-had7 9 8 k+dom1 =m ! f\ndation ( ! collect$ extracts 9 our ,brevi>ies4 ,! scripture lessons 9 our ,brevi>ies are g5]ally kn[n z ! scripture occurr+1 & are s arrang$ t ea* book ( scripture is begun at lea/1 except ! books1 ,josue1 ,judges1 ,ru?1 ,p>alipom5on & ! ,canticle ( ,canticles4 ,quignonez arrang$ 9 8 re=m t ! :ole ,bible %\ld be read ye>ly4 ,b 8 book 0 )drawn by ,pope ,paul ,,iv4 9 #aeeh4 ,al?\gh ! ecclesia/ical ye> beg9s ) ,adv5t1 ! beg9n+s ( ! ,bible are n read till ,m>*4 ,h5ce1 we beg9 ! lessons f ,g5esis1 aft] ,septuagesima ,sunday1 & n1 z we %\ld naturally expect1 at ,adv5t1 ! beg9n+ ( ! ecclesia/ical ye>4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! ,scripture lessons are read does n foll[ ! ord] 9 :i* ! books ( ! ,bible /& 9 ! sacr$ volume4 ,?us1 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les beg9 on ! ,monday aft] ,l[ ,sunday & are read = a =tnight2 ,! ,apocalypse beg9s on ! ?ird ,sunday aft] ,ea/] & is read = a week2 !n ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james beg9s1 & s on1 ) special reg>d to ! fea/s ( ! "t1 r ?an to ! ord] ( ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,! lessons ( ! second nocturn are g5]ally commemorative ( a sa9t or "s episode ( a sa9t's life4 ,!y h be5 mu*1 & (t5 ignorantly criticis$1 ev5 by prie/s4 ,! sci5ce ( hagiology is a v wide & f>-rea*+ "o1 :i* dem&s k & rev]5ce4 ,prie/s wi%+ to /udy its elem5ts may read ) pleasure & pr(it & wond] ,! ,leg5ds ( ! ,sa9ts1 by ,p]e ,h4 ,delehaye1 ,s4,j41 ,boll&i/ 7,longmans1 #cs4 #f;d474 ,has ,lectiones secundi ,nocturni ex ,hi/oriis sanctorum1 quas nunc habemus recognitas fuisse a doctissimis ,c>d9alibus ,bell>m9o et ,b>onio1 qui rejec]unt ea omnia1 quae jure m]ito 9 dubium revoc>i pot]ant et approbatus sub ,clem5te ,,viii4 7,gavantus74 ,& ,m]ati adds quod aliqua qua controv]sia erant utpote alicujus aliquam hab]5t probabilitatem1 ideo rejecta non fu]ant s$ ret5ta eo modo quo erant cum falsitatis argui non poss5t1 quamvis =tasse opposita s5t5tia sit a pluribus recepta 7,m]ati1 ,obs]4 ad ,gavant1 sec4 v41 *ap4 xii41 nn4 #aj & #af74 ,! words ( ^! le>n$ m5 & ! writ+s ( ! le>n$ ,boll&i/ m5tion$ above are wor?y ( consid]ation1 z sometimes prie/s are puzzl$ ab\t ! tru? & accuracy ( ! incid5ts record$ 9 ^? lessons ( ! second nocturn4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ ) rev]5ce4 ,! ignorant flippancy ( a prie/ 9 an article 79 a v secul> p]iodical7 on ,/4 ,exp$itus gave great pa9 to ,ca?olics & gave mat]ial = ye>s to come to sc(f+ bigots4 ,leg5ds1 i4e41 n>ratives1 7 bas$ ^u docum5ts ( ! nature describ$ above1 & work$ up by lat] writ]s1 ei!r = ! purpose ( edification or f ! po9t ( view ( ! hi/orian4 ,! writ+s1 h[ev]1 diff] endlessly z to _! value1 accord+ to ! k & au?ority possess$ by ! writ]s1 & accord+ to _! ne>ness to ! ev5ts describ$4 ,!re 7 _m m>tyrs ^: suff]+s 7 record$ 9 no acta or passiones1 b 7 impr9t$ on ! memory ( m5 & became "p ( ! traditions h&$ d[n 9 ! community1 until !y 7 f9ally committ$ to writ+4 ,! lat] ?is took place ! worse = ! au!nticity4 ,= x 0 !n t ana*ronisms1 alt]ations 9 titles1 *anges 9 ! p]sons & o!r simil> hi/orical errors c\ld m easily creep into ! n>rative1 z we "k 9 fact !y h done 9 _m in/ances4 ,! hi/orical s5se 0 un=tunately lack+ to ! ,franks & ,byzant9es1 z well z all idea ( s\nd criticism4 ,a false k9d ( patriotism & national pride (t5 g along ) cr$ulity1 s t we f9d "h & !re 9 lit]ature ( ?is k9d1 ev5 d[nright fabrication4 ,aft] ! introduction ( pr9t+1 by :i* lit]ature became m widely diffus$1 & comp>ative criticism 0 r5d]$ possible1 x at once became evid5t among ,ca?olics t error 0 mix$ ) tru? & t a sift+ ( ! "o f ! o!r 0 necess>y1 &1 9 _m cases1 possible 7,kelln]1 ,heorlology1 pp4 #bji-baj74 ,x 0 n ! int5tion ( ! ,*ur* or ( ! compil]s & au?ors ( ! s]vice books to claim hi/orical au?ority = _! /atem5ts4 ,& s1 ! ,popes !mselves h direct$ _m em5dations to be made 9 ! leg5ds ( ! ,brevi>y1 al?\gh _m o!rs /ill rema9 to be effect$ 7,dom ,baum]1 ,hi/oire ,du ,brevi>e ,roman74 ,cf4 ,dom ,cabrol1 ,le ,re=me du ,brevi>e1 pp4 #fa-fc4 ,responsories4 7,title ,,xxvii474 ,9 ! new ,brevi>y ! responsories to ! lessons h be5 re/or$ to _! place ( hon\r4 ,!y are ( anci5t orig91 b h[ !y came to h a place 9 ! ,div9e ,(fice1 :o 0 responsible = _! composition1 :at 0 ! process ( developm5t until !y rea*$ _! pres5t =m1 are que/ions ^u :i* liturgical writ]s are n q agre$ 7,rev4 ,m4 ,eaton1 ,iri% ,eccles4 ,record1 ,janu>y1 #aiae74 ,amal>e ( ,metz f\nd !m fully =m$ & plac$4 ,! rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 writt5 ab\t #ecj ,a4,d41 m5tions !m z a recognis$ "p ( ,mat9s4 ,9 solemn vigils1 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 ! congregation took "p 9 ! psalm s++1 & h5ce we f9d psalmi responsorii m5tion$1 & we /ill h a typical in/ance 9 ! ,invitatory ,psalm ( our ,(fice4 ,probably1 "s simil> practice exi/$ 9 ! read+s f ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,at ^? primitive vigils1 !n1 aft] ! read+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ! responsory 0 giv5 by ! prec5tor & ! assembl$ fai?ful took up ! words & *ant$ !m =? 9 ! same simple melody4 ,next1 a v]se 0 sung frequ5tly e*o+ ! same s5tim5t1 & ! *oir aga91 z 9 ! psalmi responsorii1 repeat$ ! refra9 or ! responsorii prop]4 ,frequ5tly o!r v]ses 7 add$ accord+ to ! dignity ( ! fe/ivals1 & aft] ea* ! fai?ful /ruck 9 ) ! orig9al refra94444 ,at fir/ ^? responsories w\ld probably h be5 extempore 444 left to ! g5ius or to ! inspiration ( ! individual *ant]1 b gradually1 by a survival ( ! fitte/1 ! mo/ beautiful ones became /]eotyp$ & spread ?r\gh\t sev]al *ur*es4444 ,lat] !y 7 c>efully collect$1 arrang$ & codifi$ by ,/4 ,gregory or "o ( 8 pr$ecessors & pass$ into all ! books ( liturgy 7,rev4 ,m4 ,eaton1 loc4 cit474 ,monsignor ,battifol 7,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 ,eng1 trans41 p4 #gh7 says t ^! p>ts ( ! liturgy1 9 beauty & eloqu5ce rival ! *orus dialogues ( ,greek drama1 & quotes z an example ! ,aspici5s a longe f ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t4 ,rubrics4 ,! responsories1 z a rule1 are said aft] ea* lesson ( ,mat9s4 ,:5 ! ,te ,deum is said aft] ! n9? lesson1 !re are only eight responsories4 ,at ! end ( ! ?ird1 six? & eigh? lesson ! ,gloria ,patri ) a repetition ( "p ( ! responsory is said4 ,x is said 9 ! second responsory 9 (fices ( ?ree lessons only4 ,9 ,passiontide ! ,gloria ,patri is n said1 b ! responsory is repeat$ ab initio4 ,9 ! ,requiem ,(fice ,gloria ,patri is replac$ by requiem aet]nam4 ,9 ! ,sundays ( ,adv5t1 ,sundays aft] ,septuagesima until ,palm ,sunday1 & 9 ! triduum be=e ,ea/]1 !re are n9e responsories recit$4 ,p]haps an explanation ( ! rubric may n be useless4 ,! a/]isk 7997 indicates ! "p :i* %\ld be repeat$ fir/ aft] ! v]se & imm$iately aft] ! ,gloria ,patri4 ,! ,gloria ,patri %\ld be said to include ! ^w sancto1 & sicut erat %\ld n be said4 ,"s responsories h two or ?ree a/]isks1 & !n ! repetitions %\ld be made f "o a/]isk to ano!r & n z f> z ! v]se end+4 ,examples may be se5 9 ! responsories = ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t & 9 ! ,lib]a nos ( ! ,requiem ,(fice4 ,! responsories ( ! ,requiem ,(fice--:i* is almo/ ! only ,(fice :i* mission>y prie/s h an opportunity ( recit+ 9 *oir--are highly prais$ = _! beauty ( ?\ght & expression4 ,!y 7 compil$ by ,maurice de ,sully 7circa #aaif71 ,bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,symbolism ( ! ,rubric4 ,! responsories are plac$ aft] ! lessons1 ! old writ]s on liturgy say1 to excite att5tion & devotion1 to ?ank ,god = ! in/ruction giv5 9 ! lessons1 to make u realise & practise :at has be5 read & to tea* u t ,bless$ are !y :o he> ! ^w ( ,god & keep x4 ,aga91 ^? writ]s knew :y ! *ant] said only "o v]se & ! wor%ipp]s repli$ 9 *orus--to %[ t all _! s\ls 7 unit$ & free f s*ism4 ,te ,deum 7,title ,,xxxi474 ,au?or4 ,9 ! ,brevi>y prior to ! re=m ( ,pius ,x41 ?is hymn 0 pr9t$ "u ! words ,hymnus ,,ss4 ,ambrosii et ,augu/9i4 ,h[ev]1 no "o ?9ks n[ ( attribut+ ?is canto to ei!r ,/4 ,ambrose or ,/4 ,augu/9e 7,battifol1 op4 cit41 p4 #aaj74 ,=m]ly1 x 0 pi\sly believ$ to h be5 compos$ & sung by ^! sa9ts on ! ev5+ ( ,augu/9e's baptism4 ,! "q ( ! au?or%ip ( ?is hymn has l$ to mu* /udy & mu* controv]sy4 ,"s s*ol>s attribute x to ,/4 ,hil>y1 o!rs to ,sisebut1 a ,b5$ict9e2 o!rs to ,nicetas1 ,bi%op ( ,treves1 9 ! ye> #ebg4 ,to-day1 ! op9ion ( ! le>n$ ,b5$ict9e1 ,dom4 ,mor9--:o foll[s ! read+s ( ! ,iri% manuscripts--t ! hymn 0 writt5 by ,nicetas ( ,remesiana 7circa #djj ,a4,d471 is ! mo/ probable4 ,?is op9ion has be5 criticis$ by sev]al ,cont95tal s*ol>s 7,v4 ,ca?4 ,encly41 art4 ,te ,deum74 ,rubrics4 ,! ,te ,deum is always said at ! end ( ,mat9s1 unless 9 ,mat9s ( ,fea/ ( ,holy ,innoc5ts1 ( ,sundays ( ,adv5t1 & f ,septuagesima to ,palm ,sunday1 & f]ias outside ,ea/]tide 7f ,l[ ,sunday to ,asc5sion ,day74 ,! ,/ructure ( ! ,hymn4 ,9 ?is wond]ful composition1 !re are probably two hymns connect$1 & foll[$ by a set ( v]sicles &4 responses1 :i* might be us$ ) any simil> hymn4 ,x is probable t ! fir/ hymn 7,te ,deum 444 ,p>aclitum ,spiritum71 l9es #a to #ac ( ,te ,deum are old] ?an ! second "p1 :i* 0 writt5 probably z a sequel to ! e>ly hymn4 ,! rhy?m ( ! hymn is v beautiful1 be+ free f abruptness & monotony4 ,/ud5ts ( poetry may note t sev5 l9es h ! exact hexamet] end+1 if scann$ acc5tually1 z voce proclamant2 ,deus sabbao?1 etc4 ,sev5 h two dactyls1 z laudabilis num]us1 laudat ex]citus2 "o ends ) spondees1 apo/olorum *orus4 ,! o!r six l9es h a less regul> end+4 ,?is hymn ( praise to ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity is divid$ into two p>ts & seems to be modell$ on ! l9es ( ! ,psalm #adh1 ,laudate ,dom9um de coelis 7see ,sunday ,lauds ,i474 ,! v]ses #a to #f ( ! hymn1 l ! op5+ v]ses ( ! psalm1 record ! wor%ip & adoration ( ! angels4 ,! second "p ( ! hymn records ! wor%ip ( human be+s liv+ or dead--,apo/les1 ,prophets1 ,m>tyrs4 ,! second hymn1 ,tu ,rex gloriae ,*ri/i1 etc41 is a pray] to ,*ri/1 ! ,god ,inc>nate1 ! ,r$eem] n[ 9 ,glory1 to aid ,8 s]vants & to aid !m to be ( ! numb] ( ,8 sa9ts 9 ev]la/+ glory4 ,! ?ird "p ( ! hymn1 vv4 #bb-bi 7,salvum fac 444 9 aet]num7 is consid]$ by s*ol>s to be simply v]sicles1 responses & pray]s2 ! v]ses #bb-bc 7,salvum fac444 usque 9 aet]num74 be+ ! v]sicle1 & v]ses #bd-be 7,p] s+ulos dies444 saeculi71 v]se #b ( ,psalm #add be+ ! response be=e ! beautiful v]ses ( pray] ,dign>e ,dom9e die i/o s9e peccato nos cu/odire1 etc4 ,v\*safe1 ,o ,"l1 to keep u ?is day f s92 ,o ,"l1 h m]cy on u1 etc41 etc4 ,?is hymn has a special int]e/ = ,iri% prie/s1 z ! ,iri% rec5sions ( x1 f\nd 9 ! ,bangor ,antiphon] 7to be se5 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl97 are ( ! greate/ value to s*ol>s engag$ 9 critical /udy4 ,!y date f ! t5? c5tury1 & give ,nicetas z ! au?or4 ,! word+ 9 ! old ,iri% ,antiphon] diff]s 9 "s v]ses f ! text giv5 9 our ,brevi>y4 ,?us1 9 v]se #f1 ! ,bangor text has1 univ]sa be=e ! ^w t]ra2 aga91 9 v]se #ah1 ! ,brevi>y reads ,tu ad det]am ,dei s$es1 ,bangor1 & probably m correctly1 reads s$5s4 ,v]ses #bf-bi1 ,dign>e ,dom9e444 confund> 9 aet]num are n f\nd 9 ! ,iri% book4 ,^? :o wi% to /udy ^! old ,iri% ,,mss4 may receive great help f ,w>r5's ,bangor ,antiphon] 7,,ii41 pp4#hc-ia7 & light comes too f ,julian's ,diction>y ( ,hymnology 7pp4 #aabj-aaba74 ,,"s ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,:i* ,,may ,,help ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,wor?y ,,recitation ,,( ,,mat9s 7vide pages #d1 #abj74 ,matut9a ligat ,*ri/um qui crim9a purgat4 ,al?\gh ,i %\ld die ) ,!e1 ,i w n d5y ,!e4 ,& 9 l mann] also said !y all4 ,pray1 le/ y ent] into temptation1 ,& be+ 9 agony ,he pray$ ! long]4 ,fri5d1 :]eunto art ?\ come8-- ,& !y hold+ ,jesus l$ ,him away--! ,g>d54 ,art ?\ "o ( ,8 disciples8 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w--,be=e ! ,high ,prie/4 ,g5]al ,int5tions3-,exaltation ( ! ,*ur*2 ! ,pope2 ! ,mission to ! hea!n2 ,*ri/ian nations2 ! conv]sion ( ! h]etics1 infidels & s9n]s2 ! ,ca?olic laity2 ! ,ca?olic prie/hood4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions3-,lively fai?2 a great] hope2 ard5t *>ity4 ,special ,int5tions3-,= p>5ts2 = b5efactors2 = ^? 9 sorr[2 dy+ s9n]s2 deceas$ prie/s ( ,irel&2 = ! conv]sion ( ,engl&2 = vocations to ! prie/hood4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,lauds4 ,etymology1 ,def9ition1 ,symbolism4 ,! ^w ,lauds is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 laus1 praise4 ,x is appli$ to ?is ,h\r1 z x is p> excell5ce1 ! h\r 9 :i* ,god's praises are *ant$ by ,8 ,*ur*4 ,?is ,h\r succe$s ,mat9s & prec$es ,prime4 ,! "n is said to h be5 giv5 to ?is ,h\r on acc\nt ( ! la/ ?ree ,psalms1 :i* =m]ly =m$ "p ( ! ,(fice4 ,9 ^! ,psalms1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 ! ^w ,laudate recurs sev]al times4 ,be=e ! eigh? c5tury ! ,h\r 0 call$ ,matut9um1 or morn+ ,(fice1 & sometimes x 0 call$ ,gallic9um or ,galli cantus f be+ recit$ at cock-cr[4 ,?is is ! ,(fice ( daybreak & h5ce its symbolism is ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,*ri/1 ! light ( ! _w1 rose f ! tomb on ,ea/] morn+1 l a radiant sun1 trampl+ ov] d>kness & %$d+ ,8 brightness ^u ! e>?4 ,! hymns1 psalms1 antiphons & v]sicles ( ,lauds1 all proclaim ! my/]y ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection1 & ! light :i* enlight5s our s\ls4 ,! re=m ( ! ,psalt] 9 #aiaa has n always pres]v$ ?is liturgical idea2 nev]!less1 ! "* ( ! ,(fice has n be5 alt]$4 ,lauds rema9s ! true morn+ pray]1 :i* hails 9 ! ris+ sun1 ! image ( ,*ri/ triumphant--consecrates to ,him ! op5+ day4 ,no o!r morn+ pray] is comp>able to ?is 7,dom4 ,f4 ,cabrol1 ,! ,day ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,london1 #aiaj74 ,antiquity4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 9 _! night vigils1 foll[$ ! pi\s practices ( ! ,jews1 z to pray]s at dead ( night & at dawn1 ,h5ce1 ! ,h\r1 ,lauds is ( great antiquity1 com+1 p]haps1 f ,apo/olic times4 ,x is f\nd well e/abli%$ 9 ! v e>lie/ acc\nts ( ,*ri/ian liturgy4 ,! old writ]s on liturgy lov$ to dwell on pi\s congruities & p>allelisms4 ,!y ask ! que/ions1 :y did ! e>ly ,*ri/ians pray at dawn & :y is ! practice cont9u$8 ,!y answ] at great l5g?1 ,i w try to summ>ise _! holy !mes4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians pray$ at dawn1 #a4 t 9 ! ,new ,law ! figures ( ! ,old may be fulfill$2 #b4 to hon\r ! ris5 ,savi\r & to rem9d u ( our resurrection2 #c4 to glorify ,jesus typifi$ by ! physical light4 ,i am ! ,light ( ! _w 7,/4 ,john1 viii4 #ab72 #d4 because at dawn1 aft] re/1 body & s\l are refre%$ & ready to devote all _! p[]s to ,god1 free f di/ractions & noise4 ,ea* dawn1 reveal+ ,god's wondr\s "w1 %\ld he> ,god's praises 9 ! mo/ sublime words ev] utt]$1 ! ,psalms 7e4g41 ,dom9us regnavit1 ,jubilate ,deo1 etc41 etc472 #e4 because ,god seems m dispos$ to he> pray]s made at t h\r4 ,=1 ,he has said1 ,yet if ?\ wilt arise e>ly to ,god & wilt besee* ! ,almighty444 ,he w pres5tly awake unto !e & make ! dwell+ ( ?y ju/ice peaceable 7,job1 viii4 #e-f74 ,i love !m t love me2 & !y t 9 ! morn+ e>ly wat* = me %all f9d me 7,prov]bs viii4 #ag74 ,/ructure4 ,if ,lauds succe$s ,mat9s imm$iately1 ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave ,m>ia are omitt$1 & ! ,h\r beg9s ) ,deus 9 adjutorium4 ,at ^! words x is a practice b n an obligation to make ! sign ( ! cross f head to brea/ 7see ,vesp]s1 infra74 ,!n ! ,gloria ,patri1 ,sicut erat1 ,am51 ,alleluia are said be=e ! antiphons & psalms4 ,b if a notable delay--say1 ( t5 m9utes' duration--be made betwe5 ! end ( ,mat9s & ! />t ( ,lauds1 ! ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave ,m>ia beg9 ,lauds4 ,aft] ! psalms1 comes ! ,capitulum1 ! ,hymn1 ,v]sicle & ,response1 antiphon to ,b5$ictus1 ,canticle ,b5$ictus ,dom9us ,deus ,israel1 ,gloria ,patri1 ,sicut erat1 ,antiphon to ,b5$ictus repeat$1 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 ,oremus1 collect1 commemorations prec$$ by v]sicle1 response & ,oremus be=e ea*4 ,!n ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o1 ,deo ,gratias1 ,fidelium animae1 ,am54 ,if ano!r ,h\r d n succe$ imm$iately1 ,pat] ,no/] 7said sil5tly71 ,dom9us det nobis 7) a sign ( ! cross7 suam pacem1 ,et vitam aet]nam4 ,am54 ,!n is said ! antiphon ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,alma ,r$emptoris or ,ave ,reg9a1 or ,reg9a ,coeli1 or ,salve ,reg9a1 accord+ to ! "p ( ! ecclesia/ical ye> = :i* ea* is assign$1 ) v]sicle1 response1 oremus1 collect1 ,div9um auxilium4444 ,am54 ,rubrics4 ,9 ! p>agraphs deal+ ) ! /ructure ( ?is h\r is giv5 ! rule = say+ ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave1 ,! ,psalms = ,lauds 9 ! new ,brevi>y foll[ ^! rules3-- ,g5]al ,rule3 ,psalms ( ! curr5t day4 ,exception3 ,sunday ,psalms on ! except$ ,fea/s4 ,9 apply+ ! g5]al rule to ,sundays & week days1 x w be se5 t ! ,psalt] conta9s two sets ( ,psalms = ,lauds4 ,! use ( ! two sets is z foll[s3-- ,sundays3 7i7 ,?r\gh\t ! ye>3 fir/ set ( ,psalms4 7ii7 ,sundays f ,septuagesima to ,ea/]3 second set ( ,psalms4 ,f]ias3 ,! fir/ set ( ,psalms is to be us$ on3-- 7i7 ,f]ias ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 n includ+ ^? 9 ,adv5t1 ,septuagesima1 ,sexagesima & ,qu9quagesima weeks4 7ii7 ,f]ias 9 ,pas*al "t4 7iii7 ,fea/s at any season ( ! ye>4 7iv7 ,vigils ( ,*ri/mas & ,epiphany4 ,! second set ( ,psalms is to be us$ on3-- 7i7 ,f]ias ( ,adv5t4 7ii7 ,f]ias f ,septuagesima to ,w$nesday 9 ,holy ,week1 inclusive4 7iii7 ,vigils 7common7 outside ,pas*al "t1 :5 ! ,(fice ( ,vigil is said 7,new ,psalt] & ,its ,uses1 p4 #ahh74 ,on ,maundy ,?ursday1 ,good ,friday & ,holy ,saturday1 ! ,psalms ( ! ,f]ia are to be said4 ,b ! ,canticle ( ,moses 7,deut1 #cc7 is n said on ,holy ,saturday4 ,antiphons4 ,z a g5]al rule antiphons ( ! curr5t day ( ! week are to be said4 ,exceptions4 7#a7 ,on except$ ,fea/s1 7#b7 non-except$ ,fea/s :i* h prop] antiphons1 7#c7 ,holy ,week has special antiphons1 7#d7 ,six f]ias be=e ,*ri/mas h special antiphons4 ,9 ,pas*al "t1 all psalms & ! canticles are recit$ "u "o antiphon4 ,antiphon ( ,b5$ictus 7#a7 ,sunday antiphons are prop]4 7#b7 ,f]ias ?r\gh\t ! ye> h antiphons ( curr5t f]ia4 ,b ,f]ias 9 ,adv5t1 & 9 ,l5t1 9 ,passiontide1 ,pas*al "t & ,septemb] ,emb] days h prop] antiphons4 7#c7 ,fea/s h antiphons f prop] or f common4 ,capitulum 7,title ,,xxix474 ,etymology1 mean+ & synonyms4 ,! ^w capitulum comes f ! ,lat91 & means a little *apt]1 a head+1 a beg9n+1 an abridgm5t1 because ?is little *apt] is a little lesson1 a brief extract f ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ! head or ! beg9n+ ( ! ,epi/le ( ! ,mass ( ! ,fea/ 7,gavantus1 ,bona74 ,x is f\nd 9 e ,h\r1 except ,mat9s4 ,x is kn[n by o!r names1 ! summ>ium1 collectio1 collatio1 lectio brevis1 epi/oletto1 lectiuncula1 ,v]siculus brevis4 ,antiquity4 ,"s au?ors hold t ?is usage ( read+ a brief extract f ,sacr$ ,scripture is ( ,jewi% orig94 ,=1 ! ,jews 7 accu/om$ to int]pose brief read+s f ,scripture prose 9 _! psalm *ant+ s]vice4 ,! capitulum is f\nd 9 ,*ri/ian s]vices ( ! f\r? c5tury2 & ,/4 ,ambrose 7#cdj-cig7 is said to h in/itut$ ! capitula ( ,t]ce1 ,sext & ,none4 ,?is new practice spread quickly & sev]al c\ncils recomm5d$ or ord]$ ! usage--e4g41 ! ,c\ncil ( ,agde ,9 #ejf ,a4,d4 ,rem>ks4 ,! ,capitulum is said always except f ,holy ,?ursday to ! ,vesp]s ( ,saturday prec$+ ,l[ ,sunday1 & 9 ,requiem ,(fices4 ,9 ,compl9e x is said aft] ! ,hymn4 ,! ,capitulum ( ,lauds is ord9>ily tak5 f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,epi/le ( ! ,mass ( ! day ( ! fea/4 ,sext & ,none g5]ally h _! capitula drawn f ! middle & end ( ! same ,epi/le extract4 ,t]ce has g5]ally ! same words = ! ,capitulum1 z ,vesp]s & ,lauds1 because x is ! gr&e/ & mo/ sublime ( ! little ,h\rs4 ,! ,capitulum is said )\t a bless+ be+ s\ght1 because x is 79 *oir7 read by ! ,hebdomad>ius1 :o !re repres5ts ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 j z ! ,capitulum does too1 & = ,:om x w\ld n be consonant to ask a bless+4 ,x concludes )\t ,tu autem1 because ^! words are correlative ( ,jube4 ,& s9ce x is su* a %ort lesson x is easy to recite x )\t fault or s91 ! m s z x is read by ! ,hebdomad>ius1 :o %\ld be advanc$ 9 p]fection4 ,x is %ort1 :il/ ! lessons ( ,mat9s1 ! night ,(fice1 are long1 because ! day is specially giv5 to toil & ! night to contemplation4 ,dur+ ! recital ( ?is little lesson all turn to ! alt> ?r\gh respect = ,*ri/1 figur$ by ! ,capitulum4 ,sometimes ! words ( ! ,capitulum are f ! ,itala v]sion & n f ! ,vulgate4 ,psalms & ,canticles ( ,lauds4 ,! ,(fice ( ,lauds n[ consi/s ( f\r ,psalms & a canticle1 foll[$ by a little *apt]1 a hymn1 v]sicle1 antiphon1 ( ,b5$ictus1 ! canticle1 ,b5$ictus & pray]4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,lauds is ! canticle tak5 f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,f\rte5 canticles tak5 f ! ,old ,te/am5t n[ f9d a place 9 our ,brevi>ies4 ,=m]ly1 only sev5 canticles f ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 giv5 9 ! ,psalt]y 7cf4 supra1 p4 #adi74 ,if1 accord+ to ! new di/ribution ( ! ,psalt]1 ! ,psalms = ,lauds d n ref] s directly to ! symbolism ( sunrise1 !y are nev]!less m v>i$ & are g5]ally well *os54 ,! canticles ins]t$ among ! ,psalms h also be5 *ang$4 ,! :ole selection is wor?y ( note4 ,x conta9s1 besides ^? giv5 9 ! =m] arrangem5t ( ! ,psalt]1 o!rs :i* are v beautiful & admirably pray]ful4 ,! hymns = ,lauds1 all anci5t & v>y+ ) ! seasons1 =m a f9e collection4 ,_! !me is "o3 ! ris+ ( ! sun z a symbol ( ,*ri/'s resurrection1 & ! cr[+ ( ! cock1 :i* ar\ses ! sluggi% & calls all to "w4 ,"s ( ^! hymns are ( consid]able poetical m]it3 t = ,sunday1 ,aet]ne ,r]um conditor1 is a little ma/]piece4 ,! ',b5$ictus' corresponds ) ! ,magnificat ( ,vesp]s4 ,bo? are sung ) ! same solemnity & are ( ! same importance2 !y =m z x 7 ! culm9at+ po9t ( _! respective ,h\rs1 & = fea/ days ! alt> is inc5s$ :ile !y are *ant$4 ,! ',b5$ictus' or ,canticle ( ,za*>y recalls ! ,precursor's mission ( proclaim+ ! ,messiah & ! new alliance4 ,x is altoge!r appropriate to ! ,(fice ( daybreak1 z u%]+ 9 ! dawn ( a new era4 ,! clos+ v]se speaks ( ! light :i* ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,messiah %$ ^u ! nations 'sitt+ 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?' 7,dom ,cabrol1 ,introduction to ,day ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*74 ,?is ,canticle ( ,za*>y 7,/4 ,luke i4 #fh-gi7 naturally falls into two p>ts4 ,! fir/ 7v]ses #fh to #ge1 ',b5$ictus ,dom9us 444 diebus no/ris'7 is a song ( ?anksgiv+ = ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,messianic hopes ( ! ,jews1 to :i* is giv5 a ,*ri/ian s5tim5t4 ,! p[]1 :i* 0 ( old 9 ! family ( ,david = ! def5ce ( ! nation1 is be+ re/or$1 & 9 a high] & m spiritual s5se4 ,! ,jews m\rn+ "u ! ,roman yoke pray$ = deliv]ance ?r\gh ! h\se ( ,david4 ,! 'deliv]ance1' a p[]ful salvation 7'cornu salutis nobis'7 0 at h& s t ! ,jews 7 see+ ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's promise made to ,abraham1 & ?is deliv]ance1 ?is salvation 0 su* t 'we may s]ve ,him )\t fe> 9 hol9ess & ju/ice1 all our days' 7,/4 ,luke i4 #ge74 ,! second "p ( ! canticle 7v]ses #gf-hj1 ',et tu pu] 444 ad dirig5dos p$es no/ros'7 is an address by ,za*>y to 8 own son1 :o 0 to take an important "p 9 ! s*eme ( ! p[]ful salvation & deliv]ance by ! ,messiah4 ,?is canticle is kn[n z ! canticle ( joy\s hope1 h5ce its use at fun]als at ! mom5t ( int]m5t1 :5 words ( ?anksgiv+ = ! ,r$emption are specially 9 place z an expression ( ,*ri/ian hope 7,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia1 art4 ,b5$ictus74 ,oratio 7,title ,,xxx474 ,! ^w oratio has v>i\s mean+s4 ,9 ! liturgy x is translat$ by ! ^w collect4 ,! ^w collect means ei!r t ! prie/ :o celebrates ,mass collects 9 a %ort =m ! ne$s1 ! ?anksgiv+s & ! praises ( ! p1 to (f] !m up to ,god2 or mo/ probably ! orig9al mean+ seems to h be5 ?is3 x 0 us$ = ! s]vice held at a c]ta9 *ur* on ! days :5 !re 0 a /ation held some:]e else4 ,! p ga!r$ toge!r & became a collection at ! fir/ *ur*2 aft] c]ta9 pray]s _h be5 said !y w5t 9 procession to ! /ation *ur*4 ,j be=e !y />t$1 ! celebrant said a pray]1 ! oratio ad collectam 7ad collectionem populi71 ! "n w\ld !n be ! same z oratio sup] populum1 a title t /ill rema9s 9 our ,missal1 9 ,l5t1 = in/ance1 aft] ! ,po/-,communion4 ,?is pray]1 ! collect1 w\ld be repeat$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,mass at ! /ation itself4 ,lat] writ]s f9d o!r mean+s = ! "n4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 says t 9 ?is pray] ! prie/ collects all ! pray]s ( ! fai?ful 7,de ,sacr4 ,alt>4 ,my/ic4 ii41 #b74 ,see also ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 7,de ,,ss4 ,missae ,sacr4 ii41 #e1--;,dr4 ,a4 ,=tescue1 ,ca?4 ,encyl41 art4 collect74 ,antiquity ( collects4 ,no "o c say ) c]ta9ty :o ! compos]s ( ! collects 74 ,all admit ! antiquity ( ^! compositions4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury c]ta9 collects 7 believ$ to come f apo/olic times2 inde$1 ! collects read 9 ! ,mass on ,good ,friday1 = ,g5tiles1 ,jews1 h]etics1 s*ismatics1 cate*um5s & infidels be> intr9sic notes ( _! antiquity4 ,o!r liturgical collects %[ t !y 7 compos$ 9 ! days ( p]secution4 ,o!rs %[ _! ages by _! accurate expression ( ,ca?olic doctr9e aga9/1 & _! supplications =1 h]etics1 ,mani*eans1 ,sabbelians1 ,arians1 ,pelagians & ,ne/orians4 ,/1 ,j]ome 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,hil>ion 7#bia-cga7 writes1 ,sacras ,scriptures memorit] t55s1 po/ orationes et psalmos quasi ,deo praes5te recitabat4 ,x is said t ,/4 ,gelasius 7d4 #dif71 ,/4 ,ambrose 7d4 #cig71 ,/1 ,gregory ! ,great 7d4 #fjd7 compos$ collects & correct$ exi/+ ones4 ,! au?or%ip & ! p]iod ( composition ( _m ( ! ,brevi>y collects are matt]s ( d\bt & difficulty4 ,ev5 ! date ( ! introduction ( collects into ! ,div9e ,(fice is d\btful4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur* !re seems to h be5 "o & only "o pray]1 ! ,pat] ,no/]1 9 liturgical use4 ,/4 ,b5$ict laid x d[n 9 8 rule t !re %\ld be none o!r4 ,x is g5]ally held by /ud5ts ( liturgy t ! collects 7 orig9ally us$ 9 ,mass only & 7 introduc$ into ! ,(fice at a "t mu* lat] ?an _! introduction into ! ,mass books4 ,9 ! ,masses = ,holy ,week we see ! collects 9 _! olde/ exi/+ =m4 ,! rite ( ! ,mass has be5 %ort5$ at all o!r seasons1 & !re rema9s n[ only ! greet+1 ,oremus1 & ! collect itself4 ,! ,oremus did n ref] imm$iately to ! collect1 b r to ! sil5t pray] t w5t be=e x4 ,?is also expla9s ! %ortness ( ! old] collects4 ,!y are n ! pray] itself1 b its conclusion4 ,"o %ort s5t5ce summ$ up ! petitions ( ! p4 ,x is only s9ce ! orig9al mean+ ( ! collect has be5 =gott5 t x has become itself a long petition ) v>i\s ref]5ces & clauses 7comp>e ! collects = ! ,sundays aft] ,p5teco/ ) ^? ( mod]n fea/s7--7,ca?4 ,encyl41 art4 ,collects74 ,! foll[+ examples :i* are n extreme1 may help to make cle> & emphatic ! matt] ( ! %ortness ( ! old & ! l5g? ( ! new collects4 ,protector 9 te sp]antium1 ,deus1 s9e quo nihil e/ validum1 nihil e/ sanctum3 multiplica sup] nos mis]icordiam tuam2 ut te rectore1 te duce1 sic transeamus p] bona temporalia1 ut non amittamus aet]na4 ,p] ,dom9um4 ,translation--,o ,god1 ! ,protector ( all t hope 9 ,!e1 )\t ,:om no?+ is sure1 no?+ is holy1 b\ntifully be/[ on u1 ,?y m]cy1 t ,?\ be+ our rul] & our guide1 we may s pass ?r\gh temporal bless+s t we lose n ! et]nal4 ,?r\gh our ,"l 444 7,collect = ?ird ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/47 ,omnipot5s et mis]icors ,deus qui beatam ,joannam ,franciscam tuo amore succ5sam admirabili spiritus =titud9e p] omnes vitae semitas 9 via p]fectionis dona/i1 quique p] illam illu/r>e ,ecclesiam tuam nova prole volui/i3 ejus m]itis et precibus conc$e ut qui infirmitatis no/rae conscii de tua virtute confidimus coele/is gratiae auxilio1 cuncta nobis adv]santia vicamus4 ,p] ,dom9um 444 ,translation-,almighty & m]ciful ,god ,:o inflam+ bless$ ,jane ,frances ) love1 did/ end[ h] ) a m>vell\s =titude ( _s to pursue ! way ( p]fection ,9 all ! pa?s ( life1 & wa/ pleas$ ?r\gh h] to enri* ,?y ,*ur* ) a new (fspr+1 grant by h] m]its & int]cession t we1 :o1 kn[+ our own weakness1 tru/ 9 ,?y /r5g?1 may by ! help ( ,?y heav5ly grace ov]come all ?+s t oppose u4 ,?r\gh our ,"l 7,collect ( ,/4 ,jane ,frances ,fremiot ,de ,*antal1 ,augu/ #ba74 ,rubrics4 ,9 ,vesp]s & ,lauds ! collect is said aft] ! antiphons ( ! ,magnificat & ,b5$ictus1 unless ! ,preces 7q4v47 are to be said 9 ^! h\rs4 ,!n ! ,preces are said aft] ! antiphons1 & ! collects foll[ aft] !m imm$iately4 ,! collect ( a f]ial ,(fice is f\nd 9 ,(fice ( ! previ\s ,sunday1 except 9 f]ias ( ,l5t & ,rogation days :i* h special & prop] collects4 ,at ,prime & ! o!r ,h\rs ! collect is said aft] ! little respond1 unless ! ,preces be recit$4 ,!y prec$e ! collect4 ,at ,compl9e ! collect is said aft] ! antiphon ,salva nos if ! ,preces be n recit$4 ,at ,prime & ,compl9e ! collects ( ! ,psalt] are nev] *ang$ except dur+ ! la/ ?ree days ( ,holy ,week4 ,9 ?is triduum1 9 all h\rs up to & includ+ ,none on ,holy ,saturday ! collect is said aft] ! ,psalm ,mis]]e4 ,be=e recit+ ! collect 9 ! ,(fice1 ev]yone 9 deacon's ord]s or 9 prie/hood says ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 & ?is is said ev5 if ! ,(fice be said privately4 ,all o!rs recit+ ! ,(fice say ,dom9e exaudi orationem meam4 ,et clamor meus ad te v5iat4 ,!n ! ^w ,oremus is prefix$ to ! recitation ( ! collect1 & at ! end1 ,am5 is said4 ,if !re be only "o collect1 ! ,dom9us vobiscum or ! ,dom9e exaudi ) ! responses ,et cum spiritu tuo2 ,et clamor meus ad te v5iat is repeat$ aft] ! ,am54 ,b if !re be m ?an "o collect1 be=e ea* is said its correspond+ antiphon & v]sicle & also ! ^w1 ,oremus4 ,aft] ! la/ collect is said1 ! ,dom9us vobiscum & ,et cum spiritu tuo are repeat$4 ,!n we add ,b5$icamus ,dom9o2 ,deo ,gratias1 ,fidelium animae4444 ,?is latt] v]se is n a con/ant sequel to ! ,b5$icamus1 z we see 9 ,prime1 :]e ! v]se ,pretiosa succe$s x2 & aga9 9 ,compl9e x is succe$$ by ,b5$icat et cu/odiet4 ,! conclud+ words ( ! pray]s or collects v>y4 ,if ! pray] is address$ to ,god ! ,fa!r1 ! conclud+ words are ,p] ,dom9um 7see ! collects giv5 above74 ,if ! pray] be address$ to ,god ! ,son1 ! conclud+ words are ,qui vivis et regnas--e4g41 ,deus qui 9 tuae c>itatis exemplum ad fidelium r$emptionem 4444 ,qui vivis et regnas 7,collect = ,/4 ,pet] ,nolasco's fea/1 #c;i/ ,janu>y74 ,if 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pray] m5tion is made ( ,god ! ,son1 ! end+ %\ld be ,p] eundem1 e4g41 ,dom9e ,deus no/]8 qui1 beatae ,brigittae p] ,filium tuurn unig5itum secreta coele/ia revela/i2 444 ,p] eundem ,dom9um 7collect = fea/1 #h? ,octob]74 ,b if ! m5tion ( ,god ! ,son is made ne> ! end ( ! collect1 ! end+ is ,qui tecum vivit et regnal1 e4g41 ,famulorum tuorum1 quaesumus1 ,dom9e4444 ,g5itricis ,filii tui ,dom9i no/ri int]cessione salvemur3 ,qui tecum vivit et regnat 7collect ( ,assumption1 #ae? ,augu/74 ,if ! "n ( ! ,holy ,gho/ occur 9 ! pray]1 ! conclusion is1 ,9 unitate ejusdem ,spiritus sancti1 e4g41 ,deus1 qui hodi]na die corda 444 9 eodem spiritu recta 444 9 imitate ejusdem ,spiritus 7collect3 = ,p5teco/ ,sunday74 ,! foll[+ l9es1 giv+ ! rules = t]m9ations1 are well kn[n & are useful1 z a help to ! memory3-- ,p] ,dom9um dicas1 si ,patrem quilibet oras ,si ,*ri/um memores1 ,p] eundem1 dic]e debes ,si loqu]is ,*ri/o1 ,qui vivis scire mem5to2 ,qui tecum1 si sit collectae f9is9 ipso ,si ,flam5 memores ejusdem die prope f9em ,:5 !re are sev]al collects an end+ or conclusion is add$ to ! fir/ & la/ only4 ,dom9us vobiscum is said be=e ! fir/ collect only1 b ea* collect is prec$$ by ! ^w ,oremus1 unless 9 ! ,(fice = ! ,dead4 ,explanation ( ! ,rubric4 ,:]e a fea/ is transf]r$ ei!r occasionally or always & its collect conta9s words su* z ,hanc diem1 hodi]nom diem1 x is n all[$ to *ange ! word+1 )\t p]mission ( ! ,congregation ( ,rites 7,s4,r4,c41 #g? ,septemb]1 #aiaf74 ,if ! collect ( a commemoration be ( ! same =m z ! pray] ( ! fea/1 ! =m] is tak5 f ! common ( sa9ts1 9 prop] place4 ,dom9us vobiscum4 ,?is salutation is ( great antiquity4 ,x 0 ! greet+ ( ,booz to 8 h>ve/m5 7,ru?1 ii4 #d74 ,! prophet us$ ! selfsame salutation to ,azas4 ,& ! ,angel ,gabriel express$ ! same idea1 ,dom9ns tecum1 to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,x 0 bless$ & hon\r$ by our ,"l ,himself1 :5 to ,8 apo/les he said ,ecce ego vobiscum sum omnibus diebus 7,/4 ,matt4 #bh4 #bj74 ,?is beautiful salutation pass$ into ,*ur* liturgy at an e>ly date1 probably 9 apo/olic times4 ,its use 9 liturgy 0 m5tion$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,braga 7#efc71 & x is f\nd 9 ! ,sacram5t>ium ,gelasianum 7six? c5tury74 ,^! words are call$ ! div9e salutation4 ,!y mean t ! prie/ :o utt]s !m is at peace ) all cl]gy & p & ?us wi%es ,god to rema9 ) !m--! highe/ & holie/ ( wi%es4 ,= ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ,:o is ! s\rce ( e good & ! au?or ( e be/ gift1 is a c]ta9 pl$ge ( div9e protection & ( t peace & consolation :i* ! _w _c give4 ,?is =mula is us$ ev5 9 private recitation ( ! ,(fice1 z ! prie/ prays 9 union ) & 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! words ,et cum spiritu tuo add a new & fur!r significance to ! salutation2 = x is ! _s1 ! human s\l1 t prays1 & :5 ! _s prays 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur* = h] *ildr51 its "w is a "w ( high spiritual ord]1 dem&+ ! use ( all ! s\l's p[]s1 ,oremus4 ,?is exhortation is ( v great antiquity1 & 9 ?is =m is f\nd 9 ! liturgies ( ,/4 ,james & ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,9 ^? days x 0 said by ! prie/ 9 a l\d voice4 ,! prie/1 ! m$iator1 foll[+ ! example ( ! great ,m$iator1 ,*ri/1 calls o!rs to jo9 ) him 9 pray]4 ,/4 ,augu/9e tells u1 t sometimes aft] pron\nc+ ! ^w ,oremus1 ! prie/ paus$ = a :ile & ! p pray$ 9 sil5ce1 & !n ! prie/ collect$ ! unit$ pray]s ( ! congregation & (f]$ !m to ,god1 h5ce ! "n collect 7,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,epi/le #ajg71 7cf4 ,prob/41 ,ab5dl ,messe1 p4 #abf74 ,invocation & ,conclusion4 ,pray] is address$ g5]ally to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,?is practice is 9 accordance ) ! example & doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 ,fa!r1 ,i give ,!e ?anks 7,/4 ,john1 xi1 #da72 ,am51 am51 ,i say to y2 if y ask ! ,fa!r any?+ 9 ,my "n1 he w give x to y 7,/4 ,john1 xvi4 #bc74 ,& ,he taught u to say ',our ,fa!r4' ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur*1 seldom 0 pray] address$ to ,god1 ! ,son4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 tells u t ! reason = ! practice 0 a fe> t su* pray] might lead ! cate*um5s1 ! ,jews or ! ,pagans conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 to allege or to believe t ,*ri/ians wor%ipp$ sev]al ,gods4 ,h[ev]1 ) ! adv5t ( ! e>ly h]esies1 x became necess>y to =mulate pray]s witness+ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ & ,8 equality 9 all ?+s to ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 "s ( ! great pray]s ( ! liturgy1 ! ?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity are nam$ to %[ _! equality & unity ( nature & sub/ance4 ,ne>ly all ! pray]s ( ?is k9d are ! products ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! /orms ( e>ly h]esy aga9/ ! div9ity1 nature or p]sonality ( ,*ri/4 ,! conclusions ( ! pray]s g5]ally conta9 ! words ,p] ,dom9um no/rum ,jesum ,*ri/um1 because all graces come ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 our ,"l & ,savi\r1 ,:o pleads1 z ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & ,man1 z ,he ,himself has said1 ,no man come? to ! ,fa!r b by ,me 7,/4 ,john1 xiv4 #f74 ,h5ce1 9 e collect1 we may di/+ui% five p>ts3 ! invocation1 ! motive1 ! petition1 ! purpose1 ! conclusion4 7#a7 ,! ,invocation takes "s =m su* z ,deus1 ,dom9e4 7#b7 ,! motive is commonly introduc$ by ! relative qui2 e4g41 ,deus1 qui corda fidelium sancti spiritus illu/ratione docui/i4 7#c7 ,! petition1 ! body or c5tre or sub/ance ( ! pray]1 is always not$ = ! solemn simplicity ( language1 :i* m>ks liturgical pray]1 e4g41 ,multiplica sup] nos mis]icordiam tuam4 7#d7 ,! purpose is an en=cem5t ( ! petition4 ,x has ref]5ce1 g5]ally1 to ! ne$ ( ! petitions & is m>k$ usually ) ! ^w ut4 ,multiplica sup] nos mis]icordiam tuam1 ut quae1 nobis ag5dis praecipis1 te mis]ante adimpl]e possimus 7pray] = fea/ ( ,/4 ,patrick74 7#e7 ,! conclusion v>ies1 e4g41 ,p] ,dom9um no/rum1 ,p] eundem ,dom9um1 etc4 ,^? :o pay intellig5t att5tion to ! liturgical *ant at ,high ,mass1 & 9 p>ticul> to ! *ant ( ! celebrant1 w be able to discov] = !mselves t ! intonations us$ 9 ! s++ ( ! collect & ! ,po/-,communion s]ve1 z a rule1 to m>k (f two at lea/ ( ! ma9 divisions indicat$4 ,two inflections1 a great] & a less]1 occur 9 ! body ( ! pray]1 ! great] = ! mo/ "p com+ at ! close ( ! 'motive1' :ile ! lessor concludes ! 'petition' & produces ! purpose ( ! pray]4 ,:5 ! pray]s are correctly pr9t$1 z 9 ! au!ntic ',missale ,romanum1' ! place ( ! inflexions is indicat$ by a colon1 'punctum pr9cipals1' & a semicolon1 'semi-punctum1' respectively4 ,^! /eps1 x w he obs]v$1 indicate1 n precisely 'breaks 9 ! s5se' 7z ,hab]l incorrectly says7 b r ! logical divisions ( ! s5t5ce1 :i* is n q ! same ?+ 7,fa!r ,lucas1 ,s4,j41 ,holy ,mass1 *ap1 vi474 ,! "q is (t5 ask$1 :y ,dom9us vobiscum is said aft] ! collect1 or pray]4 ,writ]s on liturgy reply t x is s plac$ because ,*ri/ frequ5tly us$ ! salutation ,pax vobis1 & ! prie/ 9 public pray] holds ! place ( ,*ri/1 & z he1 ! prie/1 us$ ?is =mula ( salvation be=e ! collect to obta9 ! _s ( pray] & ! grace ( ,god1 he repeats x s t ^! gifts may be reta9$4 ,9 ! collects1 ! fa!rl& ( ! sa9ts is r>ely f\nd1 because ! sa9ts' true home & fa!rl& is heav51 :]e !y 7 born aga9 to life et]nal1 & _! fa!rl& is n ?is valley ( exile :]e !y sp5t _! temporal life4 ,nor are _! surnames giv5 9 ! collects 7see ! collect ( ,/4 ,jane ,frances ,fremiot de ,*antel giv5 on p4 #ahj74 ,b x is n infrequ5t 9 ! collects to f9d c]ta9 appellations *>act]is+ a sa9t or not+ "s special pr]ogative or wond]ful gift ( grace4 ,! ,*ur*'s collects record ! wond]ful gifts ( ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om 7! gold5-m\!d71 ,/4 ,pet] ,*rysologus 7qui ob auream ejus eloqu5tiam ,*rysologi cognom5 adeptus e/7 7,rom4 ,brev474 ,sometimes ! nation or e>?ly home ( a sa9t is giv5 9 a collect to di/+ui% "o sa9t f ano!r4 ,?is is se5 9 ! case ( sa9ts be>+ ! "n ( ,m>y1 :i* if us$ absolutely or unqualifi$ly ref]s to ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,see ! collects = ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal51 ,/4 ,m>y ( ,egypt1 etc4 ,! collect or pray] is plac$ at ! end ( ! ,h\rs to collect or ga!r up ! fruits ( all ! pray]s t prec$e2 to beg f ,god t ,8 grace may foll[ our actions z x prec$es !m2 t ! pray] may be a %ield & buckl] aga9/ all temptations :i* may be enc\nt]$4 ,! pray]s at ,prime & at ,compl9e nev] v>y1 to rem9d u1 ! old writ]s tell u1 t all our acts %\ld be inv>iably ref]r$ to ,god4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur*1 all public pray]s1 bo? 9 ,mass & 9 ,(fice 7 (f]$ up by bo? prie/s & p ) out/ret*$ arms4 ,?is practice is obs]v$ /ill1 9 a c]ta9 way1 9 ,mass4 ,b5$icamus is ! pray] to ?ank ,god = all ,8 graces4 ,fidelium animae4 ,?is pray] is said aft] e ,h\r1 unless :]e ! h\r is said 9 *oir & foll[$ imm$iately by ,mass4 ,x ,is omitt$1 too1 be=e ! ,litany4 ,de ,precibus 7,title ,,xxxiv474 ,^! are pray]s :i* are said at "s ( canonical ,h\rs1 be=e ! collect or oratio4 ,!y comm5ce ) ,kyrie eleison or ,pat] ,no/]4 ,!y consi/ ( v]sicles & responses & ^! diff] f o!r v]sicles & responses1 :i* are g5]ally hi/oric1 e4g41 ,9 omnem t]ram exivit sonus eorum1 ,amavit eum ,dom9us et laudavit eum4 ,b ! v]sicles & responses ( ! preces are always a call to ,god or an exhortation to praise ,god 7e4g41 ,fiat mis]icordia tua1 ,dom9e71 sup] nos1 ,quemadmodum sp]avimus 9 te 7see ,prime1 infra1 page #aic74 ,^! pray]s are ( great antiquity1 m5tion ( !m be+ f\nd 9 ! works ( ,amal>e 7n9? c5tury74 ,!y are said 9 "s ,(fices 9 ,vesp]s1 ,compl9e1 ,lauds1 ,prime & ,little ,h\rs4 ,be=e ! re=m ( ! ,brevi>y by ,pope ,pius ,x11 ! ,preces at ,vesp]s conta9$ six %ort pray]s & ! ,psalm1 ,mis]]e4 ,9 ! new ,brevi>y n9e %ort pray]s are giv5 9 ! ,preces--! six =m] pray]s be+ reta9$ & ?ree new ones1 ,pro ,papa2 ,pro anti/ite2 ,pro b5efactoribus1 be+ add$4 ,! ,mis]]e is omitt$4 ,! same additions 7 made 9 ,lauds & ! ,psalm1 ,de ,pr(undis omitt$4 ,9 ,prime & ! ,little ,h\rs1 ! preces are un*ang$ /&+ 9 ! new ,brevi>y z 9 ! old4 ,rubrics4 ,! ,preces are recit$ 9 ! ,(fice (-- 7#a7 ,prime & ,compl9e on c]ta9 days2 7#b7 ,lauds1 ,prime1 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none1 ,vesp]s & ,compl9e ( c]ta9 fea/s4 ,! preces f]iales at ,lauds & ,vesp]s are ! same 9 /ructure4 ,!y h ! same /ructure 9 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none1 b diff] 9 "*4 ,! preces dom9icales at ,prime & ,compl9e h a =m ( _! own1 additions be+ made 9 ! preces ( ,prime :5 said on a f]ia4 #a4 ,! ,preces ,f]iales are said at ,lauds on ,f]ias ( ,l5t1 ,adv5t & ,passiontide1 ,emb] days1 except ,emb] day at ,p5teco/ & on ,vigils 7except on ,vigil ( ,*ri/mas1 ,epiphany1 ,asc5sion1 ,friday aft] ,asc5sion & ,vigil ( ,p5teco/7--:5 ! ,(fice on ^? days is ( ! curr5t f]ia4 #b4 ,at ,prime 7i7 ,preces ,dom9icales are said 9 all semi-d\bles1 simples1 ,f]ial ,(fices4 7i7 ,!y are said at ,little ,h\rs if said at ,lauds4 7ii7 ,at ,prime1 ,preces ,f]iales are said if !y h be5 said at ,lauds4 #c4 ,at ,vesp]s ,preces ,f]iales are said 7#a7 on f]ias ( ,adv5t & ,l5t :5 (fice is ( f]ia4 #d4 ,at ,compl9e1 ,preces ,dom9icales are said on all 7i7 semi-d\bles1 7ii7 simples1 7iii7 all ,f]ias1 unless at ,vesp]s a d\ble or an octave 0 celebrat$4 ,,"s ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,:i* ,,may ,,help ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,dev\t ,,recitation ,,( ,,lauds4 #a4 ,& v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ! fir/ day ( ! week1 !y come to ! sepul*re1 ! sun be+ n[ ris54 ,!y said to "o ano!r1 ,:o %all roll u back ! /one f ! door ( ! sepul*re8 7,/4 ,m>k1 xv474 #b4 ,& look+1 !y saw ! /one roll$ back4444 ,& ent]+ ! sepul*re !y saw a "y man sitt+ on ! "r side1 clo!d ) a :ite robe2 & !y 7 a/oni%$4 ,:o saye? to !m1 ,be n affright$2 y seek ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ,:o 0 crucifi$4 ,he is ris51 ,he is n "h 7,/4 ,m>k1 xv474 #c4 ,behold ,jesus saye? to h] 7,magdal57 ',woman1 :y weepe/ ?\8' #d4 ,behold ,jesus met !m 7! wom57 say+ to !m ',all hail4' 7#e7 ,see my h&s & feet1 t x is ,i myself1 h&le & see 7,/4 ,luke1 xxiv474 #f4 ,br+ hi!r ?y h& & put x into ,my side & be n fai?less4 #g4 ,my ,"l & my ,god 7,/1 ,john1 xx474 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! wants ( ! ,*ur*1 peace among nations--vocations to ! prie/hood--,*ur* /ud5ts--s\ls 9 ,purgatory4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,a glori\s resurrection2 f]v\r 9 say+ ! ,(fice2 f]v\r 9 say+ ,mass2 f]v\r 9 prie/ly "w2 =giv5ess ( all s94 ,special ,int5tions4 ,= ,ca?olic ,irel&2 = ! conv]sion ( ,am]ica2 = peace ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,,prime 7,,title ,,xv474 ,etymology4 ,! "n ,prime is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 prima because ?is "p ( ! ,(fice 0 said at ! fir/ h\r ( ! day1 #f a4m41 ) u1 foll[+ ! old ,roman di/ribution ( ! day4 ,orig94 ,x 0 /at$ by "s writ]s t ?is ,h\r 0 e/abli%$ by ,/4 ,clem5t & %\ld !re=e date f almo/ apo/olic times4 ,b mod]n writ]s1 foll[+ ! /atem5t ( ,cassian1 date ! orig9 ( ?is ,h\r f ab\t ! ye> #chb4 ,x 0 believ$1 too1 t ! mona/]y indicat$ by ,cassian z ! cradle ( ,prime 0 ! mona/]y ( ,be?lehem1 ,/4 ,j]ome's mona/]y4 ,b x 0 probably e/abli%$ n !re1 b 9 a mona/]y 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ,dair-er-,raociat 7conv5t ( ! %eph]ds7 or 9 ,sei>-en-,ganheim 7enclosure ( ! %eep74 ,cassian tells u ! reason t l$ to ! introduction ( ?is ,h\r4 ,lauds end$ at dawn1 & ! monks retir$ to re/4 ,z no o!r *oir "w call$ !m until ,t]ce1 at #i a4m41 "s ( !m 7 incl9$ to re/ until t h\r & to neglect ! spiritual read+ & manual "w laid d[n by _! rule4 ,to prev5t ?is prolong$ re/1 x 0 decid$ to introduce a %ort *oir s]vice1 ! recital ( a few psalms1 & !n ! monks w5t to "w until ,t]ce 7,ca?4 ,encyclop$ia1 ,prime74 ,cont5ts4 ,orig9ally ! matt] = ,prime 0 drawn f ,lauds & 0 a repetition ( "p ( ,lauds4 ,prime consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p consi/s ( hymn1 psalms1 little *apt] & collect4 ,! pray]s & confiteor ins]t$ be=e ! collect & said on c]ta9 days are adjuncts4 ,! second "p conta9s ! ,m>tyrology 7:5 ,prime is said 9 *oir7 & o!r pray]s peculi> to ! ,h\r4 ,! reason = ?is div]g5ce may be trac$ to ! fact t ,prime is ( mona/ic in/itution & ! second portion1 :i* is said 9 ! *apt] h\se1 has ref]5ce to mona/ic cu/oms4 ,! ,m>tyrology & ,necrology hav+ be5 read1 pray]s 7 said = ! dead recomm5d$ to ! ,community1 z b5efactors1 fri5ds1 patrons1 protectors1 etc4 ,!n foll[$ a special pray] 9 prep>ation = manual lab\r ( ! day1 & a *apt] ( ! rule 0 read1 on :i* ! ,abbot briefly comm5t$ or else gave "s admonition to ! ,community4 ,?is mona/ic "* w be easily recognis$ by a glance at ! =mulas us$4 ,! pray]1 ',sancta ,m>ia et omnes sancti' =ms a natural conclusion1 to ! read+ ( ! ,m>tyrology1 ,! ',deus 9 adjutorium1' ! ',pat] ,no/]' ) accompany+ v]sicles1 & ! collect1 are ! pray]s be=e manual lab\r3 ',respice1' etc41 ,look1 ,o ,"l1 ^u ,?y s]vants & ^u ,?y works444 & direct ,?\ ! "w ( our h&s4 ',dirige et sanctific>e1' etc41 ',v\*safe to direct & sanctify our s5ses1 words & actions1' etc4 ,:il/ ! ',dom9us nos b5$icat' & ! ',fidelium animae' are ! conclusion ( ! pray]s = ! dead 7,dom ,cabrol1 ,introduction to ! ,day ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*74 ,/ructure3-i4 ,pat]1 ,ave1 ,cr$o1 sil5tly4 #b4 ,deus 9 adjutorium4 444 ,dom9e ad adjuv&um 44 ) sign ( ! cross1 ,gloria ,patri4 444 ,sicut erat4 444 #c4 ,hymn1 fam lucis4 #d4 ,antiphon1 fir/ words only4 #e4 ,psalms = ! ,sunday or f]ia z rubrics direct1 ) ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ if x be ord]$1 !n ! antiphon 9 full4 #f4 ,regi saeculorum 444 or1 ,pacem et v]itatem4 444 ,deo ,gratias1 ,*ri/ie1 ,fili ,dei vivi4444 #g4 ,preces1 if !y are ord]$ 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,day1 ,preces ,dom9icales or ,preces f]iales z rubrics direct4 ,^! include v]sicles1 responses1 confiteor1 mis]eatur444 indulg5tiam444 v]sicles responses4 #h4 ,dom9us vobiscum4 ,et cum spiritu tuo4 ,oremus1 ,dom9e ,deus44444 ,am54 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo4 #i4 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o1 ,deo ,gratias4 #aj4 ,9 *oir1 ! m>tyrology is "h read1 #aa4 ,pretiosa444 mors4444 #ab4 ,sancta ,m>ia et omnes ,sancti4444 #ac4 ,?rice1 ,deus 9 adjutorium meum int5de1 ,dom9e ad adjuv&um444 )\t ! sign ( cross1 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,sicut erat4 #ad4 ,kyrie ,eleison1 ,*ri/e ,eleison1 ,kyrie ,eleison1 ,pat] ,no/]1 qui es 9 coelis444 79 sil5ce74 ,et ne nos inducas 9 t5tationem4 ,s$ lib]a nos a malo4 #ae4 ,respice 9 s]vos tuos4444 ,et sit spl5dor4444#af4 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,sicut erat4444,oremus1 ,dirig]e et sanctific>e4444 l#g4 ,jube1 ,dom9e4444 ,deus et actus no/ros4444,am54 #ah4 ,lectio brevis1 :i* 9 fea/ (fices is ! ,capitulum f ,none4 #ai4 ,adjutorium no/rum 9 nom9e ,dom9e 7) sign ( cross on =ehead1 brea/ & %\ld]s72 ,qui fecit4444#bj4 ,b5$icite1 ,deus2 ,dom9e nos b5$icat4449 pace1 ,am54 ,to ! lectio brevis at ,prime1 ,tu autem ,dom9e1 mis]]e nobis1 is add$4 ,! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y prior to ! re=m ( #aiaa1 ! title giv5 to ! =mula ( fai? 0 ,symbolum ,s4 ,a?anasi4 ,9 ! new ,brevi>ies ! title /&s ,symbolum ,a?anasianum4 ,:y 0 ! *ange made8 ,dur+ ! pa/ two hundr$ ye>s ! au?or%ip ( ?is =mula has l$ to great discussion & its read+ has l$ to mu* bitt] & heat$ controv]sy 9 ,anglican & ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,_m cont5d$ = its ret5tion 9 ,prote/ant s]vices & _m rejoic$ at its p>tial exclusion1 its truncat$ revision & clam\r$ = its rejection ev]y:]e f s]vice4 ,controv]sy l$ to ! /udy ( its orig94 ,9 #ahgb a ,prote/ant au?or1 ,ff\lkes1 ma9ta9$ t x 0 n compos$ by ,/4 ,a?anasius 7#bif-cgc7 b by ,paul9us ( ,aquileia 7,a4,d4 #hjj74 ,b ! lit]ature ( ! age ( ,*>lemagne proves t ?is cre$ _h at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury an antiquity ( at lea/ m ?an a c5tury 7,ommaney1 ,hi/ory & ,/ructure ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 ,ox=d1 #ahig74 ,s*ol>s1 bas+ _! op9ions on words f\nd 9 ! ,expositio ,fidei ,=tunati1 date ! orig9 ( ?is symbol f ! fif? c5tury4 ,x conta9s c]ta9 expressions :i* a writ] subsequ5t to ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on 7#dea7 w\ld h be5 mo/ unlikely to employ1 & omits c]ta9 expressions :i* su* a writ] w\ld h be5 mo/ unlikely to omit4 ,h[ev]1 x is likely t ! cre$ dates f ! fif? c5tury4 ,:o its au?or 01 is q d\btful4 ,x 0 n ,/4 ,a?anasius1 x may h be5 ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,aries1 or ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 or "s local bi%op 9 s\!rn ,france1 ,b let u only suppose t ! real au?or 0 "s local bi%op--or ! !ologian employ$ by "s local bi%op--& t x 0 compos$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance = purely local use 9 "s di/rict ( s\!rn ,france--!n does n ! difficulty disappe>1 & are n ! facts ( its sil5t & gradual adoption suitably expla9$8 ,n com+ f an au?or ( wide reputation1 x w\ld n at fir/ h attract$ mu* att5tion & w\ld h be5 us$ only 9 ! locality ( its orig92 f !re its use w\ld h spread to neighb\r+ di/ricts2 z x got m kn[n x w\ld h be5 m widely adopt$1 & ! compactness & lucidity ( its /atem5ts1 & ! en?usiasm-inspir+ "* ( its /yle w\ld h contribut$ to make x highly priz$ :]ev] x 0 kn[n4 ,!n w\ld come speculation z to its au?or%ip1 & :at wond] if 9 uncritical times an ,a?anasian au?or%ip 0 fir/ guess$1 !n confid5tly affirm$ & believ$8 7,fa!r ,sydney ,f4 ,smi?1 ,s4,j41 ,! ,mon?1 ,octob]1 #aijd74 ,?is op9ion is only "o ( sev]al held by ,ca?olic s*ol>s4 ,dom ,mor9 holds /rongly1 & gives v good reasons = 8 view1 t x 0 writt5 by ,m>t9 ( ,braga betwe5 ! ye>s #eej & #ehj4 ,x 0 writt51 he says1 = ! p ( ,galicia 9 ,spa91 :o _h be5 rec5tly conv]t$ f ,arianism 7,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,april1 #aiaa74 ,x 0 adopt$ into ,gallican liturgy & (fice ab\t #ihj1 & 9 ! ,roman (fice only :5 ! ,curial ,brevi>y 0 adopt$4 ,! liturgical use ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ 0 ,franki% 9 orig9 7n9? c5tury7 & spread ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,cluniac re=m 7t5? c5tury71 b only f\nd its way to ,rome 9 ! ,supplem5t>y pray]s 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury 7,burton & ,my]s1 op4 cit41 p4 #ea74 ,rubrics4 ,a?anasian ,cre$1 to be said 7#a7 ,tr9ity ,sunday1 7#b7 ,sundays aft] ,epiphany1 7#c7 ,sundays aft] ,p5teco/ unless !re be 9 7#b7 & 7#c7 ! commemoration ( a d\ble1 or ( an octave4 ,:y is pray] (f]$ at ?is fir/ h\r ( ! day8 ,writ]s on liturgy answ]1 #a/ to (f] to ,god ! fir/ fruits ( our day1 ( our "w1 ( our devotion1 foll[+ 9 ?is ! example ( ,*ri/1 ,:o f ,8 fir/ entry into ! _w (f]$ ,himself to ,8 ,fa!r = ! salvation ( mank9d4 #b;d ,to beg ( ,him to keep u safe dur+ ! day1 #c;d ,to beg ( ,him to keep u free f s91 ut 9 diurnis actibus nos s]vet a noc5tibus4 ,may ,god 9 all our words & de$s ,keep u f h>m ?is day4 ,may ,he 9 love reta9 u /ill1 ,f tones ( /rife & words ( ill1 ,& wrap ar\nd & close our eyes ,to e>?'s absorb+ vanities4 ,may wra? & ?\ghts t g5d] %ame ,ne'er 9 our brea/s abide4 ,& pa9ful ab/95ces tame ,( wanton fle%1 ! pride 7,hymn at ,prime74 ,rubrics4 ,! ,(fice ( ,prime beg9s 9 *oir ) ! sil5t recitation ( ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave1 ,cr$o4 ,!n1 if 9 *oir 7al\d7 ,deus 9 adjutorium4 444 ,dom9e ad adjirv&um4 444 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,alleluia1 or ,laus tibi4444 ,!n ! hymn fam lucis is said4 ,! antiphon = ! day is said z f> z ! a/]isk 79971 !n ! ,psalms ( ! day's ,(fice z arrang$ 9 ! new ,pian ,psalt]y1 accord+ to ! day ( ! week1 except on "s special fea/s1 :5 ! ,psalms at ,prime are ! ,sunday psalms4 ,:5 ! ordo recit&i m>ks an ,(fice z (ficium solemne 7an except$ fea/71 ! psalms at ,lauds & ,h\rs are ! ,sunday psalms2 & at ,prime ! psalm ,deus 9 nom9e tuo 7,psalm #ec7 takes ! place ( ,psalm ,confitem9i 7,psalm #aag74 ,at ,prime1 & at ! small ,h\rs1 ,t]ce1 ,sext1 ,none1 only "o antiphon is said4 ,x is said 9 full at ! end ( ! la/ ,psalm 9 ea* ,h\r4 ,! ,capitulum1 ! little ,responsory1 ,*ri/e1 ,fili ,dei vivi 444 is !n said4 ,9 ?is responsory ! v]sicle ,qui s$es ad dext]am ,patris is sometimes *ang$1 e4g41 9 pas*al "t x is1 ,qui surrexi/i a mortuis4 ,! mann] ( recit+ ?is responsory is sometimes n correctly und]/ood1 ow+1 p]haps1 to its pr9t$ =m 9 "s ,brevi>ies4 ,! normal me?od is to repeat ! :ole response1 !n say ! v]sicle1 & !n ! second portion ( ! response2 !n ! ,gloria ,patri el ,filio et ,spiritui ,sancto1 )\t ! ,sicut erat1 is said1 & ! response repeat$4 ,! v]sicle ,exsurge & ! response ,et lib]a are !n said4 ,?is is ! me?od ( recitation 9 all ! small ,h\rs & at ,compl9e4 ,aft] ?is responsory1 if ! ,(fice be ( d\ble rite or be an ,(fice )9 an octave1 or on ! vigil ( ,epiphany or on ,friday or ,saturday aft] ,asc5sion1 or on a ,sunday on :i* a d\ble is commemorat$1 or an octave is celebrat$1 or on a semi-d\ble fea/ )9 an octave1 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 & ! pray] ,dom9us ,deus omnipot5s is said4 ,b if ! ,(fice be n any ( ^! m5tion$ j n[1 ! responsory is foll[$ by ! ,preces4 ,preces 7,title ,,xxxiv47 ,9 ! ,brevi>y !re are two sets ( preces1 ! ,preces ,dom9icales = ,sunday & ! ,preces ,f]iales = f]ial ,(fices4 ,^! f]ial preces ( ,prime diff] f ! f]ial preces ( ,lauds1 & are said 9 ,prime :5 ! f]ial preces are said 9 ,lauds1 ,t is1 on ! f]ias ( ,adv5t1 ,l5t1 ,passiontide1 ,emb] days & ,vigils4 ,! f]ial preces ( ,lauds are f\nd 9 ! ,brevi>y1 imm$iately aft] ! second set ( ,psalms = f]ial ,lauds & aft] ! %ort responsory 9 ! psalm arrangem5ts = ! days ( ! week4 7,see ,lauds1 supra1 p4 #ahh47 ,^! pray]s 7 introduc$ at a v e>ly /age ( ,*ri/ian liturgy4 ,/4 ,isidore writes t !y come f ,greek liturgy & ! op5+ words ,kyrie eleison seem to indicate remnants ( an old litany4 ,=m]ly !y 7 read (t5] dur+ ! liturgical ye> ?an we n[ are call$ on to repeat !m4 ,!y are sometimes ref]r$ to z ! preces flebiles1 te>ful pray]s1 because !y are said 9 times ( p5ance1 & are =m$ to excite te>s4 ,9 *oir recitation !y are said kneel+4 ,:5 ! preces or ! preces f]iales are said ! sign ( ! cross is made f ! =ehead to ! brea/1 at ! words ,adjutorium no/rum 9 nom9e ,dom9i4 ,!n ! ,confiteor is said4 ,! ,confiteor 0 f an e>ly date a pray] said privately z a prep>ation = ,mass4 ,x is f\nd 9 sev]al =ms2 ,confiteor ,deo1 beatae ,m>iae1 omnibus sanctis et vobis 7,s>um ,missal71 b s9ce ! "t ( ,/4 ,pius ,v4 7#aeff-aegb7 our pres5t =m alone 0 foll[$ & all[$ 7,s4 ,r4 ,c41 #ac? ,febru>y1 #afff74 ,if ! ,(fice be recit$ privately or ) "o or two companions1 ! confiteor is said once only & simultane\sly 9 ! preces1 & ! words vobis fratribus & vos fratres1 :i* prie/s say 9 ! op5+ pray] ( ,mass are omitt$4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$1 too1 t ! ,mis]eatur & ,indulg5tiam h n 9 ?is location ve/ri1 ve/ris1 vos1 b no/ri1 no/ris1 nos4 ,sometimes errors 9 ?is "p ( ! recitation ( ! ,(fice are unnotic$1 & ?is pron\n error makes ! =mula mean+less4 ,aft] ! ,indulg5tiam come ! conclud+ v]sicles ( ! preces1 ,dign>e 444 s9e peccato 444 mis]]e 444 mis]]e 444 ,fiat 444 ,quemadmodum 444 ,dom9e 444 ,et 444 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 & ! pray] ,dom9e ,deus ,omnipot5s 444 ,am54 444 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo4 444 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o1 ,deo gratias4 ,if ! ,(fice be said 9 *oir1 ! m>tyrology is read at ?is "p ( ,prime4 ,! read+ ( ! m>tyrology is n ( obligation 9 private recitation ( ! ,(fice2 b ! read+ ( x 0 highly recomm5d$1 ev5 9 private recitation1 by ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 7#ad? ,janu>y1 #aehd2 see 8 words 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,m>tyrology74 ,!n are said1 ,pretiosa 444 mors 444 sancta ,m>ia 444 ,deus 9 adjutorium444 ,dom9e ad adjuv&um 7bo? ! latt] be+ repeat$ ?rice7 444 ,gloria ,patri 444 ,sicut erat 444 ,kyrie eleison 444 ,*ri/e eleison 444 ,kyrie eleison 444 ,pat] ,no/] 7sil5tly7 until words ,et ne nos 444 ,s$ lib]a 444 ,respice 444 ,et sit 444 ,gloria ,patri 444 ,sicut erat 444 ,oremus1 ,dirig]e et 444 ,am51 ,jube ,dom9e 444 ,dies et actus 444 ,am54 ,! %ort lesson :i*1 on all fea/s1 is ! same z ! *apt] :i* is said at ,none w be f\nd 9 ! prop] or common1 "u t ,h\r1 ,! new ,psalt] & new rubrics made no *ange 9 ?is matt]4 ,h5ce1 = example1 on ! fea/ ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul ! %ort lesson at end ( ,prime is tak5 f ,none ( ! fea/1 ,et ,petrus ad se rev]sus2 ! %ort lesson = ,prime on ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,aloysius is ,lex ,dei ejus & n ! %ort lesson pr9t$ 9 ! ,psalt] "u ! day's ,(fice4 ,on all ,sundays & week days x v>ies accord+ to ! season4 ,?us-- #a4 ,f ! #ad? ,janu>y until ! fir/ ,saturday 9 ,l5t1 f ,monday to ,w$nesday 9 ,tr9ity week1 f ! ,friday aft] ! octave ( ,corpus ,*ri/i until ! ,saturday be=e ,adv5t1 ! %ort lesson is ,dom9us autem 7,,ii4 ,!ss4 iii471 #b4 ,f ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t until ! #bcrd ,decemb] inclusive x is ,dom9e mis]]e 7,isaias xxxiii174 #c4 ,f ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,l5t until ! ,saturday be=e ,passion ,sunday inclusive x is ,qua]ite ,dom9um 7,isaias iv474 #d4 ,f ,passion ,sunday until ,w$nesday 9 ,holy ,week x is ,faciem meam 7,isaias1 #a471 #e4 ,f ,ea/] ,sunday to ! ,vigil ( ,asc5sion inclusive1 ! %ort lesson is ,si consurrexi/s 7,coloss4 iii474 ,at ! end ( ! %ort lesson ! words ,tu autem ,dom9e1 mis]]e nobis2 ,deo gratias are add$1 & aft] ^! words are said ,adjutorium no/rum 444 ,qui fecit 444 ,b5$icite ,deus & ! ,bless+1 ,dom9us nos b5$icat 444 requiescant 9 pace1 ,am54 ,!n ,pat] ,no/] is said sil5tly1 unless ano!r ,h\r is to foll[ imm$iately4 ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,= ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,prime4 #a4 ,h]od & 8 army set him at n\ght 7,/4 ,luke1 c4 #be74 #b4 ,n ?is man1 b ,b>rabas4 ,crucify ,him4 #c4 ,i f9d no cause 9 ,him4 ,i w *a/ise ,him & let ,him g 7,/4 ,luke74 #d4 ,b ,jesus he deliv]$ up to _! w 7,/4 ,luke1 c4 #bc74 #e4 ,%all ,i crucify y\r ,k+81 7,/4 ,john1 #ai74 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! ,pope & 8 int5tions2 ! propagation ( ! ,fai?2 ! prie/hood2 ! ,ca?olic laity2 ,ca?olic ,missions 9 ! ,ea/2 ,ca?olic ,europe4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,! _s ( meekness & humility2 great] devotion to ! ,eu*>i/2 great] love ( ! ,bless$ ,virg92 ! prie/ly v[s4 ,special ,int5tions4 ,= our fri5ds2 = ! sick & sorr[ful2 = ! ,*ur* 9 ,scotl&2 = our enemies2 = ! prie/hood ( ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,t]ce1 ,,sext1 ,,none 7,,title ,,xvi474 ,,t]ce4 ,etymology4 ,! ^w ,t]ce comes f ! ,lat9 ^w t]tia 7hora71 ?ird4 ,because ?is little ,h\r 0 said at ! ?ird h\r ( ! ,roman day1 t is1 ab\t #i o'clock 9 ! =5oon1 ,/ructure4 ,x consi/s ( ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave1 ,deus 9 adjutorium1 ,gloria ,patri 444 ,sicut erat 444 ,am51 ,alleluia1 ,hymn1 op5+ words ( ! antiphon1 ! ?ree psalms1 antiphon 9 full1 capitulum1 response1 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 ,oremus1 collect1 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 ,b5$icamus 444 ,deo gratias1 ,fidelium animae4444 ,am54 ,& ,pat] ,no/] is said sil5tly if ano!r ,h\r is n begun imm$iately4 ,t]ce is call$ ! gold5 ,h\r1 hora aurea1 because at ?is "t ( ! day1 ! ?ird ,h\r1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o is typifi$ by gold1 desc5d$ on ! apo/les4 ,x is call$ sometimes ! sacr$ ,h\r 7hora sacra7 because 9 conv5tional *ur*es x is recit$ imm$iately be=e ,holy ,mass4 ,x is ! mo/ solemn ( all ! small ,h\rs4 ,antiquity4 ,! cu/om ( pray+ at ^! ?ree h\rs1 t]ce1 sext & none1 is v anci5t4 ,x 0 9 use among/ ! dev\t ,jews1 & ! e>ly conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity reta9$ ! practice4 ,! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions conta9 ! words ,preces etiam ve/ras facite hora t]tia4 ,:y does ! ,*ur* wi% u to pray at ! ?ird h\r8 ,! "q is ask$ by liturgi/s ( old5 times4 ,_! replies are3-- #a4 to rem9d u ( ! h\r :5 our ,savi\r 0 condemn$ 7,/4 ,m>k1 c4 #ae74 #b4 to rem9d u ( ! h\r at :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ on ! ,*ur*4 #c4 z ! ,*ur*'s hymn tells u t at ?is h\r ( ! day :5 m5 are engross$ 9 worldly affairs1 !y especially ne$ ,god's help1 ,come1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o ev] ,"o1 ,reigne/ ) ,fa!r & ) ,son4 ,x is ! h\r1 our s\ls possess ,) ,?y full flood ( hol9ess4 ,let fle% & he>t & lips & m9d ,s\nd =? our witness to mank9d4 ,& love light up our mortal frame ,till o!rs cat* ! liv+ flame1 ,n[ to ! ,fa!r1 to ! ,son1 ,& to ! ,_s1 ,?ree 9 ,"o1 ,be praise & ?anks & glory giv51 ,by m5 on e>?1 by sa9ts 9 heav54 ,am54 7,translation by ,c>d9al ,newman ( ,/4 ,ambrose's hymn1 ,nunc sancte74 ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,= ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,t]ce4 #a4 ,!re=e1 ,pilate took ,jesus & sc\rg$ ,him4 #b4 ,& ! soldi]s plait+ a cr[n ( ?orns put x on ,8 head2 & !y put on ,him a purple g>m5t4 #c4 ,& !y came to ,him & said1 ',hail1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews1' & !y gave ,him bl[s 7,/4 ,john74 #d4 ,jesus1 !re=e1 came =? be>+ ! cr[n ( ?orns & ! purple g>m5t1 & he 7,pilate7 saye? to !m ',behold ! ,man6' ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! ,pope's ,int5tions2 ! conv]sion ( h]etics2 ! conv]sion ( ! ,jews4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,devotion to ! ,holy ,gho/2 devotion to ! ,passion4 ,special ,int5tions4 ,vocations 9 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia2 = ! ,iri% p ?r\gh\t ! _w2 = ! s\ls ( our deceas$ p5it5ts4 ,,sext4 ,etymology4 ,! ^w ,sext comes f ! ,lat9 ^w sexta1 7hora71 ! six? h\r1 because ! little ,h\r %\ld be said at :at 0 ! six? h\r ( ! ,roman day1 ab\t mid-day ) u4 ,/ructure4 ,! /ructure ( ?is h\r is simil> to t giv5 9 ,t]ce above1 ! hymn1 antiphon1 psalms1 little *apt] & responses diff]+1 b ! ord] & =m be+ simil> 9 bo?4 ,antiquity4 ,! ,psalmi/ wrote1 ,vesp]e et mane et m]idie n>rabo et annuntiabo1 et exaudiet vocem meam 7,ps4 #ed74 ,?is practice ( dev\t ,jews 0 ma9ta9$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians & 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les we read1 ,asc5dit ,petrus 9 sup]iora ut or>et circam horam sextam 7,acts x1 #i74 ,at ?is h\r1 ! ,*ri/ians met = public1 jo9t pray]4 ,:y does ! ,*ur* wi% u to pray at ! six? h\r ( ! day8 #a4 ,because at ?is h\r ,*ri/ in/ruct$ ! ,sam>itan woman1 ! type ( ! ,g5tiles2 & ,he promis$ to give ! liv+ wat]1 spr++ up unto life ev]la/+1 :i* 0 ,8 blood1 p\r$ out on ,calv>y at ! six? h\r4 #b4 ,because at ?is six? h\r ,*ri/ 0 rais$ on ! cross = our salvation & x is "r & j1 daily1 to rememb] ,him & ,8 great love = u4 ,besides1 x is to realise ,8 words ,& if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 ,i w draw all ?+s to myself 7,/4 ,john xii4 #cb74 ,& ! ,*ur*1 9 ! op5+ words ( ,sext = ,sunday1 impresses ?is idea on u ,deficit 9 salut>e meum anima mea1 ,my s\l ha? fa9t$ aft] ?y salvation 7,ps4 #aah74 #c4 ,to ask ,god to grant u heal? & peace ( he>t1 z ! hymn = ,sext s+s3-- ,o ,god1 ,:o can/ n *ange nor fail1 ,guid+ ! h\rs z !y g by1 ,bright5+ ) beam ! morn+ pale1 ,& burn+ 9 ! midnight sky1 ,qu5* ,?\ ! fires ( hate & /rife1 ,! wa/+ fev] ( ! he>t2 ,f p]ils gu>d our feeble life1 ,& to our s\ls ,?y grace imp>t4 ,grant ?is1 ,o ,fa!r1 only ,son1 ,& ,holy ,gho/1 ,god ( ,grace1 ,to :om all glory1 ,?ree 9 ,"o1 ,be giv5 9 e "t & place--,am54 7,translation by ,c>d9al ,newman ( ,/4 ,ambrose's hymn1 ,rector pot5s74 ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,= ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,sext4 #a4 ,& !y took ,jesus1 & aft] !y _h mock$ ,him1 !y took (f ! purple f ,him & put ,8 own g>m5ts on ,him & l$ ,him out to crucify ,him 7,/4 ,m>k1 c4 #ae74 #b4 ,be>+ ,8 own cross1 ,jesus w5t =? to t place call$ ,calv>y4 #c4 ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 weep n = ,me1 b = y\rselves4 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! wants ( ! ,*ur*2 = peace & goodwill among/ all ,/ates & peoples2 = ! ,pope2 = ,*ur* /ud5ts4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,= pati5ce2 = frat]nal *>ity2 = ! love ( ! practice ( mortification4 ,special ,int5tions4 ,= ,ca?olic s*ools2 = increase 9 numb] ( daily communicants2 = ! success ( cate*i/s & _! "w4 ,,none4 ,etymology4 ,! ^w ,none comes f ! ,lat9 ^w nona1 n9? 7hora nona71 because ?is "p ( ! ,(fice 0 said at ! n9? h\r ( ! ,roman day1 t is1 ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 our mod]n day4 ,antiquity4 ,?is h\r 0 set ap>t 9 ,apo/olic times = jo9t pray]1 ,n[ ,pet] & ,john w5t up into ! ,temple at ! n9? h\r ( pray] 7,acts iii4 #a74 ,/ructure4 ,see note "u ?is head at ,t]ce4 ,:y does ! ,*ur* desire pray] at ! n9? h\r8 #a4 ,9 ?is %e foll[s ! example ( h] ,f\nd]1 ,*ri/1 ,:o pray$ at ! n9? h\r4 ,at ! n9? h\r1 ,jesus cri$ out ) a l\d voice1 say+ ',eloi1 ,eloi1 lamma sabac?ani8' :i* is1 be+ int]pret$1 ',my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 me8' 7,/4 ,m>k xv4 #cd74 #b4 ,t n9? h\r 0 ! long-wi%$-= & long-wat*$-= h\r :5 reconciliation betwe5 e>? & heav5 0 complete4 #c4 ,to beg f ,god light & grace1 especially t[>ds ! end ( life1 = ! day's decl9e 9 ! aft]noon is a figure ( ! wan+ ( spiritual & corporal life4 ,! hymn = ,none expresses ?is3-- ,o ,god1 un*angeable & true1 ,( all ! light & p[]1 ,disp5s+ light 9 sil5ce ?r\gh ,ea* successive h\r2 ,"l1 bright5 our decl9+ day1 ,t x may nev] wane ,till dea?1 :5 all ?+s r\nd decay1 ,br+s back ! morn aga94 ,?is grace on ,?y r$eem$ conf]1 ,fa!r1 ,co-equal ,son1 ,& ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,com=t]1 ,et]nal ,?ree 9 ,"o--,am54 7,/4 ,ambrose's hymn1 translat$ by ,c>d9al ,newman74 ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,to ,,aid ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,none4 #a4 ,come d[n f ! cross 7,/4 ,mat!w1 c4 #bg74 #b4 ,"l1 rememb] me :5 ,?\ %alt come into ,?y ,k+dom 7,/4 ,mat!w1 c4 #bc74 #c4 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y has ,?\ =sak5 me8 7,/4 ,mat!w1 c4 #bg74 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,all ! int5tions ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t2 ! conv]sion ( ,brita92 ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,f]v\r 9 prep>ation = ,mass2 f]v\r 9 ?anksgiv+ aft] ,mass2 fidelity to pr(essional duties & /udies4 ,special ,int5tions4 ,! temporal welf>e ( ,irel&2 to beg a bless+ on h] prie/s2 to beg a bless+ on h] ,*ur* /ud5ts2 to beg a bless+ on h] ,ca?olic laity2 to beg a bless+ on h] elem5t>y s*ools4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,vesp]s ,,& ,,compl9e4 ,etymology4 ,! ^w vesp]s comes directly f ! ,lat9 ,vesp]2 ,vesp]a or ,esp]a 0 a "n giv5 to ! /> ,v5us1 :i* ris+ 9 ! ev5+ 0 a call to pray]4 ,?is ,h\r is recit$ aft] ,none & be=e ,compl9e4 ,9 /ructure1 x resembles ,lauds1 ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave1 ,gloria1 ,five ,psalms ) antiphons1 ,capitulum1 ,hymn1 ,v]sicle1 antiphon1 ,magnificat1 antiphon & collect4 ,x _h sev]al synonym\s names4 ,x 0 call$ ,duodecima ,hora 7,antiphon>y ( ,bangor71 because x 0 said at ! twelf? h\r ( ! day1 six o'clock1 or1 p]haps1 ! "n came f ! twelve psalms :i* made up ! ,h\r 9 "s *ur*es4 ,x 0 kn[n1 too1 by ! names ,luc]n>ium1 hora luc]nalis1 ! h\r ( ! c&les2 because at ?is h\r a numb] ( c&les 7 light$1 n only to %$ light b = symbolic purposes4 ,x 0 sometimes ref]r$ to z hora inc5si1 f ! cu/om ( burn+ inc5se at ?is ev5+ s]vice1 & sometimes x is call$ grati>um actio 7,/4 ,isidore71 because x gives ?anks to ,god = ! graces giv5 dur+ ! day4 ,x came to mean n ! ev5+ ,h\r1 b ! sunset ,h\r4 ,& 9 ! six? c5tury x 0 celebrat$ be=e daylight _h gone & be=e !re 0 any ne$ = artificial light4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury x 0 recit$ by tor*light4 ,antiquity4 ,! ,jews hon\r$ ,god by special & solemn ev5+ s]vice4 ,_! fea/s by ,god's comm& began 9 ! ev5+4 ,f ev5+ unto ev5+ y %all celebrate y\r sabba?s 7,lev4 xxiii1 #cb74 ,& ,david sang ,ev5+ & morn+ & at noon ,i w speak & decl>e 7,psalm #ed3cb74 ,! e>iy ,*ri/ians fai?fully foll[$ ! practice4 ,9 ! six? c5tury1 ! ord] ( ,psalms1 etc41 9 ,vesp]s diff]$ little f ! ,vesp]s 9 our mod]n ,brevi>ies4 ,long be=e ! six? c5tury !re 7 ev5+ ,(fices 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,its exi/5ce 9 ! f\r? c5tury is also confirm$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,ephraem 444 ,be=e ! f\r? c5tury we f9d allusions to ! ev5+ pray] 9 ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 ,clem5t ,i4 ( ,rome1 ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 ! ,canons ( ,/4 ,hippolytus1 ,/4 ,cyprian 7= texts see ,baum]-,biron2 #a4 c4t4 #bj seq4 #gc-gd1 #gf1 #gh7--7;,dorn ,cabrol1 ,ca?4 ,ency41 art ,vesp]s74 ,:y d we (f] up public pray] 9 ! ev5+8 ,! old liturgi/s reply3-- #a4 ,to imitate ! dev\t ,*ri/ians ( apo/olic times4 #b4 ,to hon\r ,jesus1 ! true ,sun ( ! _w1 ,:o hid ,himself at ,8 ,inc>nation1 & 9 ,8 life1 & ,^: glory 0 hidd5 9 ,8 ,passion4 #c4 ,to ?ank ,*ri/ = ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* ,he in/itut$ 9 ! ev5+ ( ,8 e>?ly life1 444 & !y prep>$ ! ,pas*4 ,b :5 x 0 ev5+ 7vesp]e autem7 ,he sat d[n ) ,8 twelve disciples 7,/4 ,mat!w1 xxvi4 #bj74 ,at ?is vesp] meet+ ,he gave to prie/s ! p[] to (f] ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 to *ange bread & w9e into ,8 body & blood4 ,at ?is vesp] s]vice1 too1 ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les celebrat$ ! div9e praises1 ,hymno dicto 7,/4 ,mat!w xxvi4 #cj74 #d4 ,9 ! ev5+ our ,"l's body 0 tak5 d[n f ! cross4 #e4 ,at ! approa* ( ev5+ ,*ri/ appe>$ to ,8 disciples at ,emmaus & reveal$ to !m ,8 div9ity4 ,/ay ) u because x is t[>ds ev5+ 7advesp]ascit7 & ,he w5t 9 ) !m4 ,he took bread & bless$ & brake & gave x to !m & _! eyes 7 op5$ & !y knew ,him 7,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #bi-cj74 ,at ,vesp]s we ?ank ,god = ! ,eu*>i/4 ,! hymns at ,vesp]s date = ! mo/ "p f ! six? c5tury4 ,!y are ( great beauty & h ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( tell+ ( ! days ( creation4 ,?us ,/4 ,gregory's 787 f9e hymn1 ,lucis ,creator optime1 9 ,sunday's ,vesp]s1 ref]s to ! creation ( light2 ,monday's hymn1 ,imm5se coeli ,creator1 ref]s to ! sep>ation ( l& & wat]2 ,w$nesday's hymn 7writt5 probably by ,/4 ,ambrose71 ,coeli ,deus sanctissime1 ref]s to ! creation ( ! sun & moon2 ! hymns = ,?ursday's vesp]s1 ,magnae ,deus pot5tiae1 ref]s to ! creation ( fi% & birds2 ,friday's hymn1 ,hom9is sup]ne conditor 7,/4 ,gregory71 ref]s to ! creation ( ! bea/s ( ! e>?2 ,saturday's hymn 7,/4 ,ambrose7 is an exception1 z x ref]s to ! ,tr9ity4 ,all ^! hymns h be5 beautifully translat$ into ,engli% & ! text & translations repay /udy4 ,sunday's hymn1 ,lucis ,creator optime1 /&s ?us 9 translation3-- ,o ble/ ,creator ( ! light1 ,:o make/ ! day ) radiance bright1 ,& o'er ! =m+ _w did/ call ,! light f *aos fir/ ( all4 ,^: wisdom jo9$ 9 sweet array ,! morn & eve & nam$ !m day1 ,night comes ) all its d>k5+ fe>s2 ,reg>d ,?y p's pray]s & te>s1 ,le/ sunk 9 s91 & :elm$ ) /rife1 ,!y lose ! gift ( endless life2 ,:ile ?9k+--b ! ?\ghts ( "t1 ,!y weave new *a9s ( woe & crime4 ,b grant !m grace t !y may /ra9 ,! heav5ly gate & prize to ga92 ,ea* h>mful lure aside to ca/1 ,& purge away ea* error pa/4 ,o ,fa!r1 t we ask be done1 ,?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,?9e only ,son2 ,:o1 ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ,!e1 ,do? live & reign et]nally4 ,am54 7,translation by ,dr4 ,j4,m4 ,neale74 ,/ructure4 ,vesp]s1 9 /ructure1 resembles ,lauds & consi/s ( five ,psalms4 ,x beg9s ) ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave 7said sil5tly71 ,deus 9 adjutorium1444 ,dom9e ad adjuv&um4444 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,sicut erat4 ,alleluia or ,laus tibi4444 ,antiphon begun only if ! fea/ be n d\ble2 if fea/ be a d\ble ! antiphon is said 9 full be=e & aft] ea* psalm4 ,if fea/ be a semi-d\ble or simple ! antiphon is inton$ at ! beg9n+ & is said 9 full at end ( ea* psalm & !n only4 ,!n are said ,capitulum1 ,deo gratias1 ,hymn1 v]sicle & response1 antiphon to ,magnificat1 ! canticle ,magnificat1 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,sicut erat4444 ,dom9us vobiscum4444 ,et cum spiritu tuo1 ,oremus1 collect1 commemoration if any made by v]sicle & response & antiphon ( ,magnificat prop] to commemoration ) collect1 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum4444 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o2 ,deo gratias1 ,fidelium animae4444 ,am54 ,if ,compl9e be n said imm$iately aft] ,vesp]s1 ,pat] ,no/] is add$4 ,at ! op5+ words ( ! ,magnificat1 ,nunc ,dimittis & ,b5$ictus1 x is a practice ) _m prie/s to make ! sign ( ! cross f =ehead to brea/1 z at ,deus 9 adjutorium 7cf4 ,c]emoniale ,epis4 lib4 ,,ii4 i4 #ad74 ,?is cu/om1 :]e x exi/s1 %\ld be pres]v$ 7,s4,r4,c41 ,april1 #ahfg74 ,writ]s on liturgy tell u t ! numb] ( ,psalms 9 ,vesp]s h a symbolic mean+1 typify+ ! five w\nds ( ! ,savi\r1 ! la/ ( :i*1 ! w\nd 9 ! side1 0 inflict$ on ! ev5+ ( ,good ,friday1 & ! o!rs1 z ! ,*ur* says 9 ! hymn ,v]g5te mundi vesp]e1 at ! wan+ ( ! day ( ! ,old ,law1 be=e ! dawn ( salvation 7,honorius ( ,autun1 circa #aacj74 ,o!r writ]s say t ^! five psalms %\ld produce acts ( contrition = ! s9s committ$ dur+ ! day1 by ! five s5ses2 & t !y %\ld be = u1 morally1 :at ! five light$ lamps 7 = ! wise virg9s 9 ! ,gospel p>able 7,amal>e ( ,metz1 circa #hej74 ,magnificat4 ,au?or4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y is ! au?or ( ?is canticle4 ,! witness ( ! codices & ( ! ,fa!rs is practically unanim\s = ! ,vulgate read+3 ',et ait ,m>ia1' b ap>t f ?is1 ! attribution ( ! ,magnificat to ,elizabe? w\ld 9 ,/4 ,luke's context be highly abnormal 7,dr4 ,h4 ,t4 ,h5ry1 ,ca?4 ,encyc41 ^w1 ,magnificat7--,! ,roman ,brevi>y entitles x ,canticum ,beatae ,m>9e ,virg9is4 ,x is divid$ by comm5tators into ?ree p>ts 7,/4 ,luke #a1 vv4 #df-di2 #ej-ec2 #ed-ee74 ,x is 9 _m places v simil> 9 ?\ght & phrase to ! ,canticle ( ,anna 7,i4 ,k+s ii4 #a-aj7 & to v>i\s psalms 7,ps4 #cc1 vv4 #c-d2 ,ps4 #ci1 v4 #i2 ,ps4 #gj1 v4 #i2 ,ps4 #abe1 vv4 #b-c2 ,ps4 #aaj1 v4 #i2 ,ps4 #ig1 v4 #a2 ,ps4 #aag1 v4 #af2 ,ps4 #cb1 v4 #aj2 ,ps4 #ib1 v4 #g2 ,ps4 #cc1 v4 #aa2 ,ps4 #ig1 v-#c2 ,ps4 #aca1 v4 #aa74 ,simil>ities are f\nd 9 ,hab4 c4 ,,iii4 v4 #ah2 ,mal4 c4 ,,iii4 v4 #ab2 ,job4 c4 #e1 v4 #aa2 ,is1 c4 #da1 v4 #h2 ,is4 c4 #adi1 v4 #c1 & ,g54 c4 #ag1 v4 #ai4 ,/eep$ ?us 9 scriptural ?\ght & ,phraseology1 summ+ up 9 its inspir$ ec/asy ! economy ( ,god ) ,8 *os5 p1 indicat+ ! fulfilm5t ( old5 prophecy1 & prophesy+ anew until end ( "t1 ! ,magnificat is ! cr[n ( ! ,old ,te/am5t s++1 ! la/ canticle ( ! ,old & ! fir/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is an ec/asy ( praise = ! ine/imable fav\r be/[$ by ,god on ! ,virg91 = ! m]cies %[n to ,israel1 & = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promises made to ,abraham & ! patri>*s 7,dr4 ,h5ry1 loc4 cit474 ,x is f\nd univ]sally 9 ! anci5t liturgies & af=ds a pro( ( ! apo/olic & univ]sal praise ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,dur&us 7?irte5? c5tury7 gives "s reasons = ! assignm5t ( ! ,magnificat to ,vesp]s4 ,because ,vesp]s is ! gr&e/ liturgical ,h\r2 because ,m>y probably arriv$ at ! h\se ( ,elizabe? 9 ! ev5+2 because x 0 9 ! moral ev5+ ( ! _w t ,m>y cons5t$ to be ! ,"m ( ,god2 because %e is ! /> ( ! sea1 etc4 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ reason = ! use ( ! ,magnificat at ,vesp]s is giv5 by ,/4 ,b$e 7works #e1 #cjf74 ,x comes to pass1 by ! b\nty ( ! ,"l1 t if we 7 at all times to m$itate ^u ! acts & say+s ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! obs]vance ( *a/ity & ! works ( virtue w always cont9ue ) u4 ,=1 ! excell5t & salut>y cu/om has gr[n up 9 ,holy ,*ur* t all %all s+ h] hymn 7! ,magnificat7 e day ) ! ,vesp] ,psalms1 9 ord] t ! recall+ ( ! ,"l's inc>nation1 by ?is means1 may ! (t5] incite ! s\ls ( ! fai?ful to devotion & t ! consid]ation ( ! example set by ,8 ,"m may confirm !m 9 ! /ability ( virtue4 ,& x is meet t ?is %\ld be done at ,vesp]s1 s t ! m9d we>i$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 & di/ract$ by v>i\s op9ions1 may1 at ! approa* ( ! season ( quiet1 collect itself 9 on5ess ( m$itation & ?r\gh ! :olesome rem9d] may ha/5 to cleanse itself1 by ! pray]s & te>s ( ! night1 f ev]y?+ useless or h>mful :i* x _h contract$ by ! bus9ess ( ! day4 ,suffrages ( ! ,sa9ts4 7,title ,,xxxv47 ,9 ,sec4#b ( rubrics ( ! new ,brevi>y we read1 ,de9ceps1 qu&o faci5da erunt suffragia sanctorum1 unum fiet suffragium1 juxta =mulam propositam 9 ,ord9>io novi ,psalt]ii4 ,?us 7 aboli%$ ! old =mulae ( suffrages & a new "o ins]t$4 ,antiphon ,beata ,dei ,g5itrix4444 ,v4 ,mitificavit 4444 ,r4 ,et exaudivit4444 ,oremus1 ,a cunctis4444 ,?is w be said at ,lauds & ,vesp]s outside ,pas*al "t 7#a7 on all ,sundays & f]ias1 7#b7 on semi-d\bles & simples1 except 7a7 9 ,adv5t & ,passiontide1 7b7 :5 !re is a commemoration ( a d\ble1 a day )9 an octave4 ,9 ,pas*al "t ! ,commemoration is ( ! ,cross4 ,9 ?is pray] ! names ( ! ,holy ,angels & ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 if !y be titul>s1 are ins]t$ be=e ! "n ( ,/4 ,joseph4 ,at ! lett] ,n4 9 ! pray]1 ! "n ( ! titul> sa9t ( ! p>ticul> *ur* %\ld be ins]t$2 b *ur*es d$icat$ by ! title ( a my/]y 7e4g41 ! ,asc5sion7 are n to be nam$ 9 ?is pray] 7,s4,r4,c41 ,m>*1 #aiab74 ,,texts ,,& ,,int5tions ,,to ,,aid ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,vesp]s4 #a4 ,woman1 behold ?y ,son2 ,behold ,?y "m 7,/4 ,john1 c4 #ai71 #b4 ,i ?ir/ 7,/4 ,john1 c4 #ai74 #c4 ,& !y1 putt+ a sponge full ( v9eg> ab\t hyssop1 put x to ,8 m\? 7,/4 ,john1 c4 #ai74 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! conv]sion ( s9n]s2 ! wants ( ! ,*ur*2 ^? 9 dea? agony2 spread ( ,eu*>i/ic devotion2 daily ,communion2 prie/ ador]s2 rep>ation = bad ,communions2 rep>ation = impieties & irrev]5ces t[>ds ! ,eu*>i/4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,regul>ity 9 visits to ,bless$ ,sacram5t2 ,f]v\r 9 ,mass & 9 adm9i/]+ ,holy ,communion2 a happy dea?2 true & deep devotion to ,m>y4 ,special ,int5tions4 ,! ,iri% ,daily ,mass ,crusade2 ,total ,ab/95ce2 devotion to ! ,passion2 devotion to ! agonis+ ,he>t ( ,jesus4 ,,compl9e4 ,etymology & synonym4 ,! ^w compl9e comes f ! ,lat9 ^w compl]e1 to complete1 to f9i%1 because ?is ,h\r completes or f9i%es ! day ,h\rs ( ! ,(fice4 ,x bore sev]al names1 ,completa 7,/4 ,isidore71 ,initium noctis 7,/4 ,columbanus71 ,prima noctis hora 7,/4 ,fructeux74 ,antiquity4 ,! orig9 ( ?is ,h\r has giv5 rise to a great deal ( controv]sy4 ,bo? ,baum] & ,battifol 9 _! hi/ories ( ! ,brevi>y attribute ! orig9 ( ?is ,h\r to ,/4 ,b5$ict 7#dhj-edc74 ,o!r s*ol>s attribute its orig9 to ,/4 ,basil1 & h5ce date x f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x is admitt$ t be=e ! "t ( ,/4 ,basil1 ,bi%op ( ,caes>ea 7#cgj-cgi7 ?is ,h\r 0 9 exi/5ce4 ,"s hold t ,/4 ,basil e/abli%$ ! ,h\r 9 ! ,ea/ & ,/4 ,b5$ict 9 ! ,we/4 ,! latt] c]ta9ly inve/$ ! ,h\r ) ! liturgical "* & arrangem5t :i* 7 pres]v$ by ! ,b5$ict9es & adapt$ by ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! ,compl9e ( ! ,roman ,*ur* is m ornate & solemn ?an ! liturgy assign$ to ?is ,h\r by ,/4 ,b5$ict1 :i* 0 v simple4 ,! addition ( ! response ,9 manus tuas ,dom9e1 ! ,nunc dimittis & its an!m ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 make ?is ,h\r "o ( great beauty4 ,/ructure1 ,! /ructure ( ! ,h\r seems to po9t to its mona/ic orig91 ,! read] beg9s1 ',pray1 ,fa!r1 a bless+' 7jube1 domne b5$ic]e72 ! bless+1 ',! ,"l ,almighty grant u a quiet night & a p]fect end4 ,am54' ',noctem quietam4444' ,!n foll[s a %ort lesson1 :i* ! ,fa!r ,abbot gave to 8 monks4 ',bre?r51 be sob] & wat*2 because y\r adv]s>y1 ! devil1 z a ro>+ lion1 goe? ab\t1 seek+ :om he may dev\r1 :om resi/ ye1 /rong 9 fai?4 ,b ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 h m]cy on u4' ,& ! monks answ] ',?anks be to ,god4' ',fratres sobrii e/ote et vigilate4444' ,!n ! ,pat] ,no/] 7sil5tly71 & ! presid+ prie/1 :o 0 ! ,abbot or 8 deputy1 said ! confiteor & ! *oir answ]$ ,mis]eatur4444 ',may ,almighty ,god h m]cy ^u !e & =give !e ?y s9s1 & br+ !e to life ev]la/+4' ,! *oir !n repeats ! ,confiteor & ! prie/ replies ',mis]eatur ve/ri4444' ',may ,almighty ,god h m]cy ^u y1 =give y y\r s9s & br+ y to life ev]la/+4' ,( c\rse1 9 private recitation1 or :]e two or ?ree recite ! ,(fice1 ^! pray]s are said only once1 & 9 ! ,confiteor1 tibi pat] & te pat] are omitt$1 & no/ri1 no/ris1 nos1 no/rorum1 nobis1 are said 9 ! ,mis]eatur & ,indulg5tiam4 ,!n ! ,conv]te nos ,deus4444 ,at av]te iram tuam4444 ,deus 9 adjutorium4444 ,dom9e ad adjuv&um4444 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,antiphon 7begun only7 & ?ree psalms1 :i* v>y1 are said1 ,gloria ,patri4444 ,sicut erat444 be+ said at ! end ( ea*4 ,9 manus tuas444 is said twice4 ,r$emi/i nos4 444 ,comm5do spiritum meum2 ,cu/odi nos 444 sub umbra4444 ,salva nos2 ,nunc dimittis4444 ,gloria ,patri1 ,salva nos ,dom9e vigilantes1 cu/odi nos444 pace4 7,preces are said "h if rubric ord]s2 i4e41 ,kyrie eleison1 ,*ri/ie eleison444 ad te v5iat72 ,dom9us vobiscum1 ,et cum4444 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o1 ,deo gratias2 ,b5$icat et cu/odiat nos omnipot5s4 ,am52 !n ! an!m ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,alma ,r$emptoris ,mat] 7f ,saturday be=e fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t to ! fea/ ( ! ,purification1 inclusive7 ) its antiphon2 9 ,adv5t1 ,angelus ,dom9i1 response1 ,et concepit1 ,oremus & pray]1 ,gratiam tuam1 or ) antiphon 7aft] ,adv5t7 ,po/ p>tum444 & response1 ,dei g5etrix1 ,oremus1 ,deus qui salutis4 ,aft] ! ,purification1 until ,holy ,?ursday ! an!m is ,ave reg9a coelorum1 ) v]sicle ,dign>e me 4441 ,da mihi1 ,oremus1 ,conc$emis]icors4 ,f ,holy ,saturday until ,saturday aft] ,p5teco/1 ! an!m is ,reg9a coeli ) v]sicle1 ,gaude444 & response1 ,quia surrexit4444 ,oremus & pray]1 ,deus qui p] resurrectionem4 ,f ,holy ,tr9ity ,sunday to ! ,saturday be=e ,adv5t1 ! antiphon is ,salve ,reg9a ) v]sicle1 ,ora pro nobis444 response1 ,ut digni1 ,oremus & pray]1 ,omnipot5s semipet]ne ,deus4 ,!n ! v]sicle ,div9um auxilium4444 ,am54 ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave1 ,cr$o1 9 sil5ce1 are said4 ,! ,sacro-sanctae is add$ 7see pp4 #acc-ace74 ,! /udy ( ! compon5t p>ts ( ?is ,h\r are ( great int]e/4 ,aft] ! ,abbot _h giv5 8 bless+ & begg$ ( ,god to grant ! two-fold fav\r ( a quiet night & a good dea?1 a monk read f ,holy ,scripture1 & :5 a suitable portion 0 read1 or at ! end ( a ,scripture *apt] or !me1 ! ,abbot said1 ,tu autem1 & ! read] ,tu autem1 ,dom9e1 mis]]e nobis4 ,?is 0 to ask ,god to p>don faults bo? ( read] 9 8 read+ & ( monks1 :o1 p]haps1 7 dr[sy & inatt5tive4 ,! ,abbot t]m9at$ ! ex]cise by ! ,adjutorium no/rum 7! ,pat] ,no/] is ( m rec5t introduction74 ,monks :o 7 abs5t sub/itut$ = ! ,scripture lesson :i* !y _h miss$1 ! pi?y extract f ,/4 ,pet]1 ,fratres2 sobrii e/ote1 :i* we n[ read4 ,! :ole company ( monks & _! abbot !n proce$$ to ! *apel :]e ea* made 8 exam9ation ( consci5ce1 & at a sign f ! abbot1 ! monks1 two by two1 9 a subdu$ tone ( voice1 said ! ,confiteor1 ,mis]eatur1 ,indulg5tiam & ,conv]te nos4 ,gavantus & ,m]ati hold t ! ,conv]te nos does n belong to ?is introductory matt]1 b =m$ "p ( ,compl9e prop]4 ,?is pray] is v beautiful3 ,conv]t u1 ,o ,god1 our ,savi\r4 ,& turn away ,?9e ang] f u4 ,incl9e unto my aid1 ,o ,god2 ,o ,"l1 make ha/e to help u4 ,glory be to ! ,fa!r1444 ,praise be to ,god4 ,! new arrangem5t ( ! ,psalt] did n reta9 ! old traditional psalms1 #d1 #ij1 #acc1 9 ,compl9e1 except = ,sundays & solemn fea/s4 ,b ! selection ( psalms accords well ) ! idea ( ! h\r--night pray]--& ) ! o!r pray]s1 :i* g to make up ! close ( ! ,(fice ( ! day4 ,! hymn1 ,te lucis1 s *a/ely simple1 has ev] be5 admir$4 ,its ideas suit s admirably = ! pray] be=e sleep & = rem9d+ u ( sleep & h] si/] dea? & ! solemn petition made to ,god to be our gu>dian & def5ce 9 ! solemn h\r ( dea?1 are simply & solemnly set out 9 ?is daily hymn4 ,h[ beautiful x reads 9 ,fa!r ,caswall's translation3-- ,n[ ) ! fa/ dep>t+ light1 ,mak] ( all1 we ask ( ,!e ,( ,?y great m]cy1 ?r\gh ! night1 ,our gu>dian & def5ce to be4 ,f> (f let idle visions fly1 ,no phantom ( ! night mole/3 ,curb ,?\ our rag+ enemy1 ,t we 9 *a/e repose may re/4 ,fa!r ( m]cies6 he> our cry2 ,he> u1 ,o sole-begott5 ,son6 ,:o1 ) ! ,holy ,gho/ mo/ high1 ,reigne/ :ile endless ages run4 ,9 ,passiontide1 ! ,brevi>y gives u ! la/ v]se1 ,deo ,patri1 & ! translation r5d]s x3-- ,to ,!e1 ,:o dead aga9 do/ live1 ,all glory1 ,jesus1 ev] be1 ,praise to ! ,fa!r1 inf9ite1 ,& ,holy ,gho/ et]nally4 ,little ,*apt]4 ,?is is a beautiful call to our ,"l to rem9d ,him1 z x 71 t we are ,8 own1 t we be> ,8 "n4 ,9 ?is invocation we express our confid5ce 9 ,him & ask ,him n to ab&on u1 b to dwell ) u4 ,b ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 art among u1 & ,?y holy "n is invok$ ^u u2 =sake u n1 ,o ,"l our ,god2 & = pa/ protection ! ,*ur* adds to _! invocation1 tak5 f ! prophet ,j]emias1 ! words ( gratitude1 ,?anks be to ,god4 ,! ,response4 ,9 manus tuas1 ,dom9e1 comm5do spiritum meum444 nos4 ,into ,?y h&s1 ,o ,"l1 ,i comm5d my _s4 ,into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4 ,= ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u1 ,o ,"l ,god ( ,tru?4 ,i comm5d my _s4 ,glory be to ! ,fa!r & to ! ,son & to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,into ,?y h&s1 ,o ,"l1 ,i comm5d my _s4 ,keep u1 ,o ,"l1 z ! apple ( ,?9e eye4 ,protect u "u ! %ad[ ( ,?y w+s4 ,no m sublime pray] exi/s 9 ! liturgy ?an ?is response1 :i* ! ,*ur* ord]s u to say nightly4 ,%e wi%es1 9 its daily recital1 to prep>e u = dea?1 by rem9d+ u ( ! s5tim5ts & words ( our dy+ ,"l on ! cross1 ,into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s 7,ps4 #cj1 v4 #f71 & by ask+ ,him ,:o r$eem$ u on ! bitt] tree1 to keep u safe z ! apple ( ,8 eye & to protect u "u ! %ad[ ( ,8 w+s 7,ps4 #dj1 v1 #f74 ,^! solemn words ( our dy+ ,savi\r h be51 9 all ages1 & 9 all l&s1 ! dea? pray] ( _m ( ^? :om ,he r$eem$1 ) ! great price4 ,/4 ,/eph51 ! proto-m>tyr1 pray$ ,"l ,jesus receive my _s4 ,into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s1 pray$ ,/4 ,basil 9 8 dea? agony4 ,into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s1 pray$ ?\s&s ( ,god's s]vants1 h]oes & h]o9es1 e4g41 ,savan>ola1 ,columbus1 ,fa!r ,s\?well1 ! m>tyr ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 & c\ntless o!r s]vants ( ,god4 ,nunc ,dimittis4 ,! canticle ,nunc dimittis is ! la/ 9 hi/orical sequ5ce ( ! ?ree great canticles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 spok5 at ! pres5tation ( ,*ri/1 by ,simeon1 ,?is man 0 j & dev\t1 wait+ = ! consolation ( ,israel2 & ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 9 him4 ,& he _h receiv$ an answ] f ! ,holy ,gho/1 t he %\ld n see dea? be=e he _h se5 ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,"l4 ,& he came by ! _s into ! temple4 ,& :5 ,8 p>5ts br\ght ! *ild ,jesus to d = him accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! law4 ,he also took ,him 9 8 arms & bless$ ,god & said ',n[ ?\ do/ dismiss ?y s]vant1 ,o ,"l1 accord+ to ?y ^w 9 peace4444' 7,/4 ,luke ii4 #bi-cc74 ,?is sublime canticle utt]$ by ! holy old man at ! close ( 8 days is plac$ fitt+ly 9 ! prie/'s ,(fice at ! close ( ! day4 ,x brea!s 8 ?anks1 expresses 8 love & 8 wi% to die1 hav+ se5 ! ,savi\r4 ,be=e ! canticle are said ! op5+ words ( ! antiphon1 ,salva nos2 & x is repeat$ 9 full at ! end4 ,save u1 ,o ,"l1 :ile we are awake1 & gu>d u :5 we sleep1 t we may wat* ) ,*ri/ & re/ 9 peace4 ,! pray]s1 ,kyrie eleison1 ,*ri/ie eleison1 etc41 are said always except :5 a d\ble (fice or a day )9 an octave has be5 commemorat$ at ,vesp]s4 ,! pray]1 ,visita quaesumus is f\nd 9 ,brevi>ies ( ! ?irte5? c5tury & 0 introduc$ probably by ! ,fri>s ,m9or4 ,! words habitationem i/am are said to indicate t x is a pray] n only = ! *apel ( ! fri>s1 b = _! dwell+s on j\rneys4 ,x 0 said 9 *oir by ! abbot or presid+ prie/4 ,l all pray]s = ,compl9e x begs ,god to drive f> away ! sn>es ( ! enemy2 x begs ,him to let ,8 angels dwell 9 t h\se to keep ! dwell]s !re91 9 peace2 & f9ally1 x begs ,him to let ,?y bless+ be always ^u u4 ,?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,?y ,son1 our ,"l1 ,:o live? & reigne? ) ,!e 9 ! unity ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,god1 _w )\t end4 ,am54 ,aft] ! ,dom9us vobiscum & its response1 ! abbot or presid+ prie/ gave ! solemn bless+ ,b5$icat et cu/odiet4441 ,may ! ,almighty & m]ciful ,"l1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/1 bless & pres]ve u4 ,am54 ,!n "o ( ! an!ms ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y is said4 ,f ! ,saturday be=e ,adv5t until ! fea/ ( ! ,purification1 inclusive1 is said ! an!m ,alma ,r$emptoris ,mat]2 translat$ by ,fa!r ,caswall1 x reads3-- ,"m ( ,*ri/1 he> ,?\ ?y p's cry1 ,/> ( ! deep & portal ( ! sky1 ,"m ( ,him :o ,!e f no?+ made1 ,s9k+ we /rive & call to ,!e = aid4 ,oh1 by t joy :i* ,gabriel br\ght to ,!e1 ,?\ ,virg9 fir/ & la/1 let u ,?y m]cy see4 ,! ,lat9 hexamet]s are attribut$ to ,h]manus 7circa #ajed74 ,x has be5 translat$ by sev]al poets great & small1 & is well kn[n 9 ,newman's translation1 ,k9dly ,"m ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,x 0 a popul> hymn 9 ,norman ,irel& & 9 ,ca?olic ,engl&1 z we see 9 ,*auc]'s ,prioress's ,tale4 ,aft] ?is an!m are said its v]sicle1 response1 & pray] ,oremus1 ,gratiam tuam quaesumus4 ,f ! fir/ ,vesp]s ( ! ,nativity1 ! v]sicle1 response & pray] said are ,po/ p>tum 4442 ,dei ,g5etrix4444 ,oremus1 ,deus qui salutis4 444 ,f ! end ( ,compl9e on ,febru>y #bnd until ,holy ,?ursday exclusive ! antiphon is ,ave ,reg9a coelorum4 ,x appe>s to be ( mona/ic orig91 & ,/4 ,j]ome attributes x to ,/4 ,ephraem4 ,its expressions are borr[$ f ! works ( ,/4 ,ephraem1 ( ,/4 ,a?anasius & ( o!r doctors1 & its !me is ,m>y1 z ,que5 ( ,heav51 ! dawn ( our salvation1 & an extoll+ ( h] beauty4 ,f ,compl9e ( ,holy ,saturday1 inclusive1 until ,none ( ! ,saturday aft] ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 inclusive1 ! ,reg9a coeli is said4 ,x is a v old composition1 b its au?or is unkn[n4 ,"s au?ors attribute x to ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great 7#eij-fjd74 ,o!rs1 foll[+ a v5]able tradition1 say t ! ?ree fir/ l9es 7 ! composition ( angels1 & ! f\r?1 ,ora pro nobis ,deum1 alleluia1 0 add$ by ,pope ,gregory4 ,! leg5d tells u t :5 9 ! ye> #eif ,rome 0 desolat$ by ! plague1 ,pope ,gregory ! ,great exhort$ 8 p to p5ance & pray]1 & c>ry+ 9 8 h&s ! picture ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 said to be pa9t$ by ,/4 ,luke1 he l$ !m 9 procession to ! *ur*1 ,afa ,coeli1 on ,ea/] morn4 ,:5 ! procession 0 pass+ ,adrian's ,mole1 angel voices 7 he>d *ant+ ! ,reg9a ,coeli1 & ! ,pope a/oni%$ & rejoic$ add$ ! words ,ora pro nobis ,deum1 ,alleluia1 & imm$iately a %9+ angel appe>$ & %ea!d 8 sword1 ! plague ceas$ on t v day 7,gu]ang]1 ,liturgical ,ye>1 ,pas*al ,"t1 ,"p ,i41 p4 iii2 ,duffy1 ,dubl974 ,attempts at translation h be5 indiff]5t4 ,f ! fir/ ,vesp]s ( ! fea/ ( ! ,mo/ ,hoiy ,tr9ity to ! ,none ( ! ,saturday be=e ,adv5t1 ! ,salve ,reg9a is said4 ,! au?or%ip 0 assign$ to ,/4 ,b]n>d 7#ajia-aaec74 ,b s*ol>s reject ?is !ory4 ,x is assign$ to ,petrus de ,monsoro 7circa #ajjj7 & to ,adehem>1 b ! claims ( bo? are d\btful4 ,9 #abbj ! g5]al *apt] ( ,cluny ord]$ its daily *ant+ be=e ! high alt>1 aft] ! ,capitulum4 ,! use ( ! an!m at ,compl9e 0 begun by ! ,dom9icans ab\t #abba & ! practice spread rapidly4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ! mod]nis$4 ,franciscan ,brevi>y 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! ,c>?usians s+ x daily at ,vesp]s2 ! ,ci/]cians s+ x aft] ,compl9e1 & ! ,c>melites say x aft] e ,h\r ( ! ,(fice4 ,x is said aft] e l[ ,mass ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x 0 especially obnoxi\s to ,lu!r1 :o sev]al times d5\nc$ x1 z did ! ,jans5i/s also4 ,x is record$ 9 ! lives ( sev]al sa9ts t ! ,bless$ ,virg91 to %[ h] love = ?is beautiful pray]1 %[$ to !m h] ,son1 at ! mom5t !y said ,et ,jesum 444 nobis po/ hoc exilium o/5de4 ,speak+ ( ^! antiphons ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,battifol1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y 7,engli% ed471 writes3 ,we owe a j debt ( gratitude to ^? :o gave u ! antiphons ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 444 f\r exquisite compositions1 ?\gh 9 /yle enfeebl$ by s5tim5tality4 ,aft] ! antiphon ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ! v]sicle & response are said4 ,!n ,oremus & pray] ,omnipot5s sempit]ne ,deus 444 ,div9um auxilium 444 ,am51 are said4 ,!n ! ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave & ,cr$o are said sil5tly1 & ?is f9i%es ! ,h\r4 ,! pray] ,sacro-sanctae et individuae4444 ,v4 ,beata visc]a 444 ,r4 ,et beata ub]a 444 ,pat] ,no/] & ,ave are g5]ally add$ ?\gh n ( obligation4 ,!y are to be said kneel+4 ,! read+ ( ?is well-kn[n & (t-repeat$ pray]1 9 its ,engli% translation1 may br+ fre% & f]v5t ?\ghts to prie/s1 = x is a sublime pray]3-- ,to ! mo/ holy & undivid$ ,tr9ity1 to ! humanity ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$1 to ! fruitful virg9ity ( ! mo/ glori\s ,m>y ev] a ,virg91 & to ! company ( all ! sa9ts1 be giv5 by e creature1 et]nal praise1 hon\r1 p[] & glory1 & to u ! remission ( all our s9s4 ,am54 ,bless$ be ! womb ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :i* bore ! ,son ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r4 ,& bless$ be ! brea/s :i* gave suck to ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,,text ,,& ,,int5tions ,,to ,,aid ,,! ,,pi\s ,,recitation ,,( ,,compl9e4 #a4 ,into ,?y h&s1 ,o ,"l1 ,i comm5d my _s4 #b4 ,x is f9i%$4 #c4 ,= ?is ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u1 ,o ,god ( tru?4 ,g5]al ,int5tions4 ,! spread ( ! fai?2 ! ,pope2 ! ,*ur* 9 ,france & 9 ,spa92 = ! ,*ur* 9 ,au/ralia4 ,p]sonal ,int5tions4 ,a happy dea?2 f]v\r 9 adm9i/]+ ! la/ sacram5ts2 devotion to ,/4 ,joseph1 patron ( a happy dea?4 ,special ,int5tions1 ,= ! sick poor ( ,irel&2 = p]sons dy+ )\t ! la/ sacram5ts2 = ^? dy+ all alone2 = dy+ s9n]s4 ,,! ,,little ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg91 7,,title ,,xxxvii474 ,orig94 ,?is ,(fice dates f ! eigh? c5tury at lea/4 ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 7#gae-gca7 & ,pope ,gregory ,,iii4 7#gca-gda7 ord]$ ! monks to say ?is little ,(fice 9 addition to _! great ,(fice4 ,! practice 0 obs]v$ by ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e 7#fgf-ghg7 & by ,/4 ,pet] ,dami5 7#ajjg-ajgb74,?is usage 0 conf9$ to mona/]ies only4 ,at ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury ! practice became almo/ univ]sal4 ,pope ,urban ,,ii4 7#ajhh-ajii7 bes\ght ! special aid ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 9 8 crusade aga9/ ! ,turks & recomm5d$ all cl]ics to recite ! little ,(fice4 ,prov9cial c\ncils prescrib$ its use & "s canoni/s held x to be obligatory4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,bull ,quod a nobis ( ,pope ,pius ,v4 7#i ,july1 #aefh7 remov$ all obligation ( ! private recital ( ?is ,(fice1 b he exhort$ all to cont9ue ! practice & grant$ indulg5ces = its recitation4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,notes ,,on ,,"s ,,fea/s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,prop] ,,( ,,! ,,"t4 ,,adv5t4 ,adv5t 7,lat91 adv5ire1 to come to7 is a p]iod beg9n+ ) ! ,sunday ne>e/ to ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,&rew 7,novemb] #cj7 & embrac+ f\r ,sundays4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ur* !re 0 a div]g5ce ( date & practice 9 ,adv5t celebration4 ,?us1 9 ,france x began on ,/4 ,m>t9's ,day 7#aa ,novemb]7 & end$ ) ,*ri/mas1 ,france kept ,adv5t ) tri-weekly fa/s4 ,rome did n1 9 v e>ly days1 obs]ve ! ,adv5t fa/s1 b ma9ta9$ ! %ort] p]iod1 conta9+ only f\r ,sundays4 7,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,! ,mon?1 ,no4 #dih74 ,sev]al au?ors /at$ t ?is p]iod ( prep>ation = ! celebration ( ,*ri/'s bir?day 0 in/itut$ by ,gregory ! ,great4 ,x is n[ traceable to ! f\r? c5tury 9 ,france2 9 ,rome x 0 ( lat] date4 ,! ,*ur*1 z is se5 9 ! ,adv5t ,(fices 9 ! ,brevi>y1 in/itut$ ?is "p ( ! liturgical ye> to hon\r & to recall ! two com+s ( ,*ri/--,8 fir/ com+ 9 human =m at ,be?lehem1 z ,savi\r2 & ,8 second com+1 z ,judge ( all mank9d4 ,9 h] liturgy %e expresses repeat$ly bo? s5tim5ts1 a s5tim5t ( joy & a s5tim5t ( sorr[4 ,! =m] %e expresses by h] alleluias & ! latt] by h] omission ( ! ,te ,deum & by h] recital ( ! f]ial pray]s1 ! pray]s ( te>s & grief4 ,9 ! ,adv5t ,(fices are _m phrases :i* 7 fulfill$ at ! ,inc>nation3 ,rorate coeli desup] et nubes pluant ,ju/um2 ,o ,adonai1 v5i ad r$im5dum nos2 ,emitte ,agnum1 ,dom9e1 ,dom9atorum t]rae2 ,orietur sicut sol ,salvator mundi et desc5det 9 ut]um ,virg9is4 ,c5turies h pass$ s9ce ! ,savi\r came1 & yet ! ,*ur* wi%es u to repeat ! sublime pray]s & prophecies :i* associate !mselves ) ! com+ ( ! ,^w made ,fle%1 & by our repetition to be animat$ ) ! ard5t long+s ( old5 days2 & t by !m we may awak5 our fai?1 our hope1 our *>ity1 & obta9 & augm5t ,god's grace 9 our s\ls4 ,rubrics4 ,! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t has ! invitatory hymn & ! re/ ( ! ,(fice prop]4 ,! lessons are f ,isaias1 ! prophet ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,! fir/ response to ! lesson is unique 9 ! ,brevi>y = x has ?ree v]ses 7see p4 #afd74 ,^! ?ree v]ses are spok5 9 ! names ( ! holy p :o liv$ be=e ! law1 dur+ ! law1 & aft] ! law4 ,! ,gloria ,patri is add$ to hon\r ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 :o has at l5g? s5t ! long-wat*$-= ,messias 7,dur&us74 ,& ! response is repeat$ f ! beg9n+ because ! second com+ ( ,*ri/ is wat*$ =1 by ,8 fai?ful 7,honorius d',autun74 ,! ,te ,deum is n said1 9 ord] !reby to m>k ! sad ?\ght ( ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 !n our judge4 ,lessons4 ,f ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t until ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,augu/ ! lessons ( ! fir/ & second nocturns are giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y 9 ! ,proprium de ,tempore1 aft] ! ,psalt]y4 ,! lessons ( ?ird nocturn = same p]iod are giv5 aft] ^? ( second nocturn4 ,! suffrages are n said 9 ,adv5t4 ,9 ,adv5t ! lectio brevis is ,dom9e mis]]e4 ,9 ,sunday ,mat9s special v]sicles are giv54 ,! preces are said at ,lauds & ,vesp]s 9 f]ias ( ,adv5t & at ! small ,h\rs2 preces are said1 too1 if !y be said at ,lauds4 ,! great antiphons are ! antiphons ( ! ,magnificat :i* beg9 on ! #ag? ,decemb]4 ,!y are sometimes call$ ! great ,o's1 or ! ,o antiphons1 z ea* beg9s ) ?is lett]4 ,!y beg9 ,o ,sapi5tia1 quae ex ore ,altissimi prodii/i 444 & cont9ue ,o ,adonai1 ,o radix ,jesse1 etc4444 ,!y are ! mo/ beautiful antiphons 9 ! liturgy1 express+ ! pray]s & ard5t hopes = ! com+ ,savi\r4 ,!y h =m$ ! subjects ( /udy = poets1 s*ol>s & liturgi/s1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,x is ask$ :y ^! antiphons introduce ! ,magnificat & n ! ,b5$ictus4 ,& liturgi/s reply3 ,because ! ,inc>nation 0 ( ,m>y1 & h5ce ^! h]alds ( ! ,infant ,k+ m appropriately introduce ,m>y's canticle r ?an t ( ,za*>y4 ,& ! old liturgi/s add t ^! antiphons are said at ,vesp]s1 ! ev5+ ,h\r1 because ! ,messias 0 expect$ & wat*$ = 9 ! _w's ev5+4 ,!y tell u1 too1 :y !re are sev5 great antiphons4 ,!y are to excite our piety dur+ ?is octave prep>atory to ! bir?day ( ,*ri/4 ,?is numb] sev5 typifies ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 x repres5ts ! sev5 mis]ies ( mank9d1 ignorance1 et]nal puni%m5t1 ! slav]y ( ! devil1 s91 gloom & exile f our fa!rl&1 :i* is ,heav54 ,& ^? wond]ful m5 ( m$iaeval days tell u :y we h ne$ ( a ,tea*]1 ,o ,sapi5tia2 ( a ,r$eem]1 ,o ,adonai2 ( a ,lib]ator1 ,o ,radix ,jesse2 ( a ,gu>dian1 ,o ,clavis ,david2 ( a brilliant ,in/ructor1 ,o ,ori5s2 ( a ,savi\r to br+ u1 ,g5tiles1 back to our ,great ,fa!r1 ,god2 ,o ,rex g5tium2 a ,h]ald to ! ,jews4 ,honorius ( ,autun tells t ^! antiphons ref] to ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & are arrang$ 9 ! well-kn[n ord] 9 :i* ^! gifts are always arrang$ 9 works ( piety4 ,he says t ,*ri/ came 9 ! ,_s ( ,wisdom1 ,o ,sapi5tia1 t 9 ! ^w ,adonai is indicat$ t ,*ri/ r$eem$ u 9 ! ,_s ( ,und]/&+4 ,he says1 too1 t ! antiphon ,o ,radix signifies ! sign ( ! cross1 & t ,*ri/ r$eem$ u 9 ! ,_s ( ,c\nsel4 ,o ,clavis indicates t ,*ri/ op5$ ,heav5 & clos$ ,hell 9 ! ,_s ( ,/r5g? or ,=titude4 ,o ,ori5t %[s =? ,*ri/ enlight5+ u 9 ! ,_s ( ,k4 ,rex g5tiam po9ts out ! holy ,k+ :o sav$ m5 by ! ,_s ( ,piety4 ,o ,emanuel ref]s to ,*ri/ com+ 9 ! ,_s ( ,fe>1 b giv+ u also ! ,law ( ,love4 ,^! antiphons h =m$ ! !me ( ! olde/ ,*ri/ian poem 9 ,europe--,cynewulf's ,*ri/1 a "w :i* is ! admiration ( mod]n s*ol>s4 ,!y 7 celebrat$ ) great pomp & joy 9 mona/ic life1 ! monks c>ry+ _! congru\s symbolism into _! recitation4 ,=1 to ! g>d5]-monk 0 assign$1 ! *ant+ ( ,o ,radix ,jesse1 & to ! cell>]-monk1 ! ,o clavis ,david--typify+ _! "w ( root-gr[+ & key keep+4 7,see ,! ,mon?1 ,no4 #dhi2 ,! ,iri% ,ecclesia/ical ,record1 ,decemb]1 #aiah74 ,*ri/mas4 ,antiquity4 ,x 0 =m]ly tak5 = grant$ t ,*ri/ _h actually be5 born on ?is day1 &1 accord+ly1 ! le>n$ 7 ( op9ion t ! ,*ur* _h obs]v$ x f ! beg9n+1 z ! day ( ,8 bir?4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day x w be dfficult = _m to give up ?is idea4 ,b !re is no ,*ri/mas among ! ,*ri/an fea/s enum]at$ by ,t]tullian 7di$ #bbj71 ,orig5 7#ahe-bed71 & ! rec5tly publi%$ ,te/am5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is cle> pro( t ev5 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies x 0 unkn[n 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,*ur*1 :]e its introduction1 at a lat] p]iod1 c be prov$ hi/orically 7vide ,kelln]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #abg-aeh74 ,*ri/mas is "o ( ! great fe/ivals4 ,9 ,rome !re 7 two night ,(fices4 ,! fir/1 celebrat$ at nightfall 9 ! ,papal *apel1 beg9s ) ! antiphon ( ! fir/ psalm 9 ! nocturn4 ,x has n9e lessons & ! ,te ,deum4 ,ab\t midnight a m solemn ,(fice began1 ?is "t ) ! invitatory & psalm ,v5ite4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ,(fices became ! ,(fice ( ! vigil4 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ,*ri/mas ,day ! lessons are read )\t ! title ( ! book 7,isaias7 f :i* !y are tak51 because _! au?or's "n 0 s (t5 repeat$ dur+ ! ,adv5t t ea* "o knew _! s\rce1 or because at ,*ri/mas ,god speaks to u by ,8 ,son1 r ?an by ,8 prophet4 ,9 ! fir/ response ! ,gloria ,patri is said1 to ?ank ,god = ! great fav\r ,he has be/[$ on u--,8 ,son1 ! ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ?ird nocturn1 ,alleluia is add$ to ! antiphons1 because ! ?ird nocturn typifies ! "t ( grace1 9 :i* we %\ld express ! joy t is ours 9 ! bir? ( ! ,savi\r4 ,9 ?is nocturn1 too1 are giv5 ?ree ,gospel extracts1 correspond+ ) ! ,gospels 9 ! ,mass ( ,*ri/mas4 ,mat9s are sep>at$ f ,lauds by ! fir/ ,mass because1 x is said at midnight1 & ,lauds is a day ,(fice4 ,at ,prime ! v]sicle ( ! little response is ,qui natus e/4 ,rubrics4 ,*ri/mas is a prim>y d\ble ( ! ,fir/ ,class4 ,! ?ird ( ! new ,tres ,tabellae 7,s4,c4,r41 ,janu>y1 #aiab7 9 ! new ,brevi>ies gives ! rules = concurr5ce ( ,vesp]s 9 ! ,octave ( ,*ri/mas4 ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! wor%ip ( ,/4 ,/eph5 may be said to be z old z ! ,*ur* h]self1 s9ce ,/4 ,paul gave him ! title ( ,m>tyr ( ,*ri/ 7,acts ,,xxii4 #bj74 ,8 "n is to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ liturgical s\rces1 e4g41 ! ,arian m>tyrology belong+ to ab\t #cfj & 9 all cal5d>s1 anci5t & mod]n1 except+ ! ,coptic4 ,8 cultus receiv$ great impulse f ! discov]y ( 8 relics at ,kaph> ,gamala1 on ! %ore ( ,lake ,g5es>e?1 & ! wond]ful miracles wr\ght by !m1 ,a basilica 9 8 hon\r 0 erect$1 9 ,rome 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/le4 ,! commemoration ( ,/4 ,john on ! #bg? ,decemb] 0 =m]ly unit$ ) t ( ,/4 ,james ! ,less4 ,9 "t1 ,/4 ,john's fea/ only 0 celebrat$ on ?is date1 & su* 0 ! case z e>ly z ! "t ( ,b$e4 ,! ,circumcision4 ,?is fe/ival 0 orig9ally call$ ,octava ,dom9i1 & h5ce x may be inf]r$ t x 0 n an indep5d5t fe/ival & pass$ unnotic$ if x fell on a week day4 ,?us1 9 ! ,homil>ium ( ,*>lemagne 7#ghf7 x is ref]r$ to by ?is "n4 ,b v %ortly aft] ?is1 ! "n :i* we n[ use = ! fe/ival ( ! #a/ ,janu>y 0 us$ 9 ,rome1 & spread ?r\gh ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity ! fir/ day ( ! civil ye> 0 giv5 ov] to rejoic+s1 danc+1 fea/+ & riot+4 ,& ^! abuses l+]$ 9 ,france1 ?\gh /ripp$ ( _! pagan "*1 until ! lat] middle ages4 ,a remnant ( !m is f\nd 9 ! s-call$ ,fea/ ( ,fools1 :i* 0 held 9 *ur*es1 & :i* mock$ sev]al religi\s cu/oms & c]emonies4 ,^! fea/s la/$ till ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,epiphany4 ,! "n is d]iv$ f a ,greek v]b employ$ to describe ! dawn1 & ! adjective d]iv$ f ! ,greek v]b 0 appli$ 9 classic ,greek1 to ! appe>ances ( ! gods br++ help to m54 ,9 ,*ri/ian liturgy1 ! fea/ 0 in/itut$ to celebrate ! appe>ance1 ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/1 to ! ,g5tiles1 9 ! p]sons ( ! ,magi4 ,9 lat] times1 !re 7 add$ to ?is commemoration ( ,*ri/'s manife/ation to ! ,g5tiles1 two fur!r commemorations ( 8 wond]ful %[+s ( ,8 div9e mission1 viz41 ,8 manife/ation 9 ,8 baptism 9 ! ,jordan1 a manife/ation to ! ,jews1 & ,8 miracle at ,cana1 a %[+ =? to ,8 fri5ds & disciples4 ,?is fea/ is ( e>ly orig94 ,su>ez ?9ks x %\ld be attribut$ to ! ,apo/les 7,de ,relig4 ,l4#b4 *4#e1 n4#i72 & ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 held t x 0 e/abli%$ by ! infant ,*ur* at ,rome to draw (f ! ,*ri/ians f ! pr(ane & s9ful revelry :i* m>k$ ! pagan fea/ ( ?is date4 ,h[ev]1 ^! /atem5ts are h>dly accurate4 ,) reg>d to ! antiquity & spread ( ! fea/1 x 0 unkn[n 9 ,nor? ,africa dur+ ! ?ird c5tury1 = ,t]tullian makes no ref]5ce to x2 & ev5 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 x 0 reject$ by ! ,donati/s z an ori5tal novelty4 ,9 ,orig5's "t1 at lea/1 x 0 n g5]ally obs]v$ z a fe/ival 9 ,alex&ria1 s9ce he does n reckon x z su*4 ,= ,rome1 evid5ce is want+ = ! e>lie/ times1 b s9ce ! daught] ,*ur* ( ,africa knew no?+--( ! fe/ival at fir/1 x may be inf]r$ t orig9ally x 0 n kept at ,rome1 b 0 introduc$ !re 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,9 ,spa9 x 0 a fea/-day 9 #chj1 9 ,gaul 9 #cfa 444 7,kelln]1 op4 cit41 p4#agb74 ,9 ! antiphons = ! ,magnificat & ! ,b5$ictus x may be notic$ t ! ?ree manife/ations are giv5 n 9 ! same ord]4 ,?is day is ! ,*ur* unit$ to ! ,heav5ly ,sp\se1 = ,*ri/1 9 ! ,jordan1 wa%es away h] s9s2 ! ,magi run to ! royal nuptials ) _! gifts1 & ! gue/s ( ! fea/ are gladd5$ by ! wat] *ang$ into w9e 7,ant4 ( ,b5$ictus74 ,! ,magi1 see+ ! />1 said to ea* o!r3 ,?is is ! sign ( ! ,k+3 let u g & seek him1 & (f] him gifts1 gold1 frank9c5se & myrrh 7,ant4 ( ,magnificat1 #a/ ,vesp471 ,we celebrate a fe/ival adorn$ by ?ree miracles3 ?is day1 a /> l$ ! ,magi to ! mang]2 ?is day wat] 0 *ang$ into w9e at ! m>riage fea/2 ?is day ,*ri/ v\*saf$ to be baptis$ by ,john1 9 ! ,jordan ( our salvation 7,ant4 ( ,magnificat1 #bnd ,vesp474 ,n[1 ! baptism is ! special ev5t commemorat$ by ! ,ea/]ns on ?is fea/1 & on acc\nt ( its connection ) ! baptism1 ?is fea/ has1 among/ ! ,greeks1 ! second>y title ( ! fea/ ( lights4 ,&1 9 ,irel& 7,synodus ,,ii41 ,/4 ,patricii1 c4 #bj71 contr>y to ! anci5t cu/om ( ! ,*ur*1 solemn baptism 0 adm9i/]$ on ?is fea/ day4 ,?is subject ( ! baptism =ms ! only !me ( ! anci5t s]mons be>+ on ?is fea/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! visit ( ! ,magi is ! sole ev5t commemorat$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 8 six s]mons deliv]$ on ?is fea/ day4 ,! ?ird ev5t1 ! m>riage fea/1 is ( lat] commemoration2 & ,maximus ( ,tur9 d\bt$ if !y all actually happ5$ on ! same day4 ,! ,octave to ! fea/ dates f ! eigh? c5tury4 ,x 0 cu/om>y on ?is date1 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 to read publicly ! epi/ola fe/alis ( ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria arrang+ ! date ( ,ea/] & ! practice 0 ord]$ by ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,orleans 9 #eda4 ,9 ,epiphany ! invitatory is n said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,mat9s1 9 ord]1 say ! liturgi/s1 n to repeat ! inquiry made by ,h]od f ! scribes ab\t ! bir?place ( ,*ri/1 an inquiry & invitation inspir$ by hatr$ & ang]4 ,! invitatory is omitt$1 !y tell u1 t we1 l ! ,magi1 may come to ,*ri/1 )\t o!r ?an a sil5t invitation4 ,tea*]s ( old5 "t us$ to urge ^? :o 7 sl[ to believe to imitate ! ,magi4 ,b1 ! invitatory is n q omitt$4 ,x is read 9 ! ?ird nocturn1 :i* typifies ! law ( grace1 9 :i* ! ,apo/les & _! successors invite all to praise & wor%ip ,god4 ,! psalms ( ! fea/ are tak5 f ! psalms ( ea* day ( ! week1 b *iefly f ,friday's psalms1 p]haps because ! ,magi's visit 0 on t day4 ,,septuagesima4 ,dur+ ! age ( ! p]secutions x 0 sc>cely possible = ,*ri/ians to obs]ve any o!r fe/ival ?an ,sunday1 & s x is n surpris+ t ! two writ]s :o h occasion to speak ( ! in/itution ( ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*1 m5tion only ,ea/] & ,p5teco/1 bo? ( :i* fall on a ,sunday4 ,to ^! ,*ri/mas 0 add$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury & ,epiphany some:at e>li]4 ,^! *ief fe/ivals1 along ) o!rs soon add$ to _! numb]1 =m$ ! elem5ts = ! organisation ( a fe/al sy/em 9 ! ,*ur*1 z c5tres r\nd :i* ! less] fe/ivals gr\p$ !mselves4 ,! la/ /ep ( importance1 h[ev]1 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,*ur*'s ye> 0 to connect ^! *ief fe/ivals ) "o ano!r1 s z to make !m p>ts ( a :ole4 ,! ,sundays af=d$ a conv5i5t means = effect+ ?is4 ,!y 7 associat$ ) ! fe/al "* ( ! ne>e/ fea/ & 7 connect$ ) x z l9ks 9 a *a94 ,! way = ?is developm5t _h be5 prep>$ by ! season ( prep>ation = ,ea/]1 & ! ,sundays 9 ! fifty days betwe5 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/-- ,qu9quagesima--7 m>k$ ) ! fe/al "* ) :i* antiquity inve/$ ! :ole p]iod4 ,all t 0 ne$$ 01 fir/ ( all1 to connect ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/2 &1 9 ! second place1 ! in/itution ( a season ( prep>ation be=e ,*ri/mas4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ betwe5 ! six?1 & ! eigh? c5turies4 ,dur+ ! fir/ six c5turies ! ord9>y ,sundays ( ! ye> _h nei!r liturgical position or "*1 s9ce !y 7 n ev5 enum]at$4 ,!re 0 a sort ( commune dom9ic>um1 i4e41 a numb] ( ,masses exi/$ f :i* "o c\ld be *os5 at w = ea* ,sunday4 ,to ^! ,sundays1 :i* 7 call$ simply dom9icae quotidianae1 ^? aft] ,epiphany & ,p5teco/ belong$4 ,!y numb]$ altoge!r tw5ty-n9e or ?irty1 accord+ z ! cal5d> gave fifty-two or fifty-?ree ,sundays 9 ! ye>4444 ,! small] numb] ( ^!1 six at mo/1 come betwe5 ,epiphany & ,septuagesima1 b ! l>g]1 tw5ty-?ree to tw5ty-eight1 betwe5 ,:it ,sunday & ,adv5t4 ,! v>iation dep5ds on ! date ( ,ea/]4 ,!re is no hi/orical circum/ance =?com+ to give ^! a specially fe/al "*4 444 7,kelln]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #agf1 et seq474 ,septuagesima ,sunday comes n9e weeks be=e ,ea/]4 ,x _c come be=e ! #ah? ,janu>y1 nor aft] ! #bbnd ,febru>y4 ,x is ! fir/ day ( a p]iod ( m\rn+ & p5ance1 prep>atory to ! great p5it5tial p]iod ( ,l5t4 ,on ! ,saturday prec$+ ,septuagesima two alleluias are add$ to ! ,b5$icamus & ,deo ,gratias1 to intimate t ! p]iod ( rejoic+ 9 ! ,savi\r's bir? has pass$4 ,violet1 ! p5it5tial col\r1 is us$ at ,mass1 & ! *apt]s 9 ,g5esis record+ ! fall ( ,adam1 w>n man to ?9k well1 to humble himself & to d p5ance4 ,e "p ( ! ,(fice1 ! lessons1 antiphons & hymns1 be> ! notes ( m\rn+ & p5ance4 ,,l5t4 ,l5t4--,! ,teutonic ^w1 ,l5t1 orig9ally meant ! spr+ season4 ,x has come to mean ! =ty days prec$+ ,ea/]4 ,s*ol>s us$ to ma9ta9 t ?is season ( p5ance 0 ( apo/olic orig92 b1 mod]n s*ol>s not+ ! div]sity ( practice & ! div]sity ( duration 9 diff]5t *ur*es & ! ,ea/] controv]sy1 hold t x is n ( apo/olic orig91 & t x dates f ! ?ird c5tury or ev5 f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,didascalia 7circa #bej ,a4,d471 b 0 enjo9$ by ,/4 ,a?anasius ^u 8 flock 9 #cca4 ,,ea/] ,,& ,,pas*al ,,"t4 ,ea/] is ! *ief fe/ival ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! fir/ & olde/ ( all fe/ivals1 ! basis on :i* ! ,*ur*'s ye> is built1 ! connect+ l9k ) ! fe/ivals ( ! old cov5ant & ! c5tral po9t on :i* dep5ds ! date ( ! o!r movable fea/s4 ,"s ( ! v e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s call x fea/ ( fea/s 7fe/um fe/orum74 ,! ,engli% ^w ,ea/] is f ,ea/re1 ! goddess ( spr+4 ,9 ! liturgy we nev] f9d ! ^w ,pas*a1 always ! words dom9ica resurrectionsis4 ,pas*a has no connection ) ! ,greek ,greek3 ,pas*o1 b is ! ,aramaic =m ( pesa*4 ,"s po9ts reg>d+ ?is fe/ival are to be not$1 its antiquity1 its connection ) ,jewi% fea/s & ,*ri/ian fea/s1 its prep>ation1 "* & duration4 ,antiquity4 ,no m5tion ( ?is fea/ is 9 ! ,dida*e1 9 ,ju/9's ,dialogue ) ,trypho1 or 9 8 apologies4 ,b 9 ! ye> #aih ,a4,d4 an ex*ange ( lett]s betwe5 ,pope ,victor1 ,bi%op ,n>cissus ( ,j]usalem1 ,polycrates ( ,ephesus1 %[s t ! fea/ _h be5 = ye>s 9 exi/5ce4 ,_m ref]5ces are f\nd 9 ,t]tullian & writ]s ( 8 "t to ?is fe/ival4 ,connection ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fe/ival ) ! ,jewi%4 ,! connection betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & ! ,jewi% fea/s is bo? hi/orical & ideal--hi/orical because our ,"l's dea? happ5$ on ! #ae? ,nisan1 ! fir/ day ( ! ,jewi% fea/2 ideal1 because :at took place _h be5 prefigur$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t by types1 ( :i* itself 0 ! antitype4 ,! ,jewi% rites & c]emonies 7,exodus ,,xii47 are ref]r$ to 9 ! prophecies ( ! ,messias4 ,?us1 ,isaias calls ,him ! ,lamb *os5 by ,god1 :o be>s ! iniquities ( o!rs4 ,! ,bapti/ call$ ,jesus1 ! ,lamb ( ,god4 ,! ,evangeli/ ref]s to ! typical "* ( ! ,passov] rites1 :5 he applies1 'a bone ( x %all n be brok5' 7,exod4 ,,xii4 #df71 to ,*ri/ on ! ,cross4 ,ju/9 & ,t]tullian see 9 ! ,*ri/ian sacrifice ! fulfilm5t ( ! imp]fect sacrifices ( ! old law4 ,h5ce1 !re is no d\bt t ! ,jewi% ,passov] 0 tak5 ov] into ,*ri/ianity4 ,!reby its typical c]emonies f\nd _! due fulfilm5t4 ,to ! real & hi/orical connection betwe5 ,ea/] & ! ,passov] is due ! explanation ( a /rik+ peculi>ity 9 ! ,*ur*'s ye>1 viz41 ! moveable fea/s ( :i* ,ea/] is ! />t+ po9t4 ,ea/] falls on no fix$ date1 because ! ,jewi% #ae? ,nisan1 unlike ! dates ( ! ,julian & ,gregorian ,cal5d>s1 v>i$ ye> by ye>4 ,! prep>ation = ,ea/] 0 ! ,l5t5 fa/s4 ,! f>e on fa/ days consi/$ ( wat] & s\p made ) fl\r2 fruit & oil & bread 7 also eat54 ,! cate*um5s also fa/$ on ,w$nesdays & ,fridays4 ,among ! fai?ful !re 7 "s :o ate no?+ f _! repa/ on ,sunday until ! foll[+ ,saturday1 e4g41 = five days1 & :o all ! ye> r\nd took only "o meal a day4 ,o!rs ab/a9$ 9 ,l5t f all food = two consecutive days1 b o!rs fa/$ by tak+ no?+ to eat all day1 until ! ev5+ 7,kelln]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ic74 ,! ,ea/] celebrations 7 9 ! e>ly ages *iefly not$ = ! great & solemn c]emonies ( baptism conf]r$ on a l>ge numb] ( cate*um5s1 ) solemn procession f ! bapti/ry to ! ca!dral4 ,! ,ea/] ,octave celebrates by fe/ivals ! supp] at ,emmaus1 ! appe>ance ( our ,"l 7,/4 ,luke xxiv471 ,8 appe>ance by ! sea 7,/4 ,john xxi4 #a-ad71 ,8 appe>ance to ,magdal5 7,/4 ,john xx4 #aa-ah71 ,8 appe>ance on ! m\nta9 7,/4 ,mat!w xxviii4 #af-bj71 & ,8 appe>ance j aft] ,he _h ris5 7,/4 ,john xx1 #a-i71 ,,! ,,asc5sion4 ,?is day 0 kept z a fe/ival 9 v e>ly times1 al?\gh x is n m5tion$ 9 ! li/s ( ,*ur* fe/ivals giv5 by ,t]tullian 7#bbj71 nor by ,orig5 7#ahe-bed74 ,/4 ,augu/9e 7#ced-dcj7 7,epi/4 ad ,janu>ium1 #ed1 c4l47 attributes ! in/itution ( ?is fe/ival to an apo/olic ord9ance or ! injunction ( a g5]al c\ncil4 ,b nei!r c be prov$4 ,b ! fe/ival dates f ! days ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & z x 0 natural t ! conclud+ act ( our ,savi\r's life %\ld be rememb]$ & hon\r$1 ! celebration ( ! fea/ ( ,8 ,asc5sion spread widely & rapidly4 ,! fea/ 0 not$ = ! solemn processions held1 to imitate & to commemorate our ,"l's lead+ ( ! ,apo/les out ( ! city to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,,:it ,,sunday4 ,p5teco/ or ,:it ,sunday ext5ds back to ! e>ly days ( ! ,*ur*4 ,f ,t]tullian1 x is pla9 t ! fe/ival 0 well kn[n & long e/abli%$4 ,9 ! ,p]egr9atio ,silviae1 we read a detail$ acc\nt ( h[ ! fea/ 0 kept 9 ,j]usalem at h] visit 7#che-chh74 ,on ! night be=e ,:itsunday ! vigil 0 celebrat$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,ana/asis1 at :i* ! bi%op1 accord+ to ! usual cu/om 9 ,j]usalem on ,sundays1 read ! ,gospel ( ! ,resurrection1 & ! cu/om>y psalmody 0 p]=m$4 ,at dawn1 all ! p proce$$ to ! pr9cipal *ur* 7,m>tyrium7 :]e a s]mon 0 prea*$ & ,mass celebrat$4 ,ab\t ! ?ird h\r1 :5 ! psalmody 0 f9i%$1 ! p s++ accompani$ ! bi%op to ,sion4 ,!re1 ! passage f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les describ+ ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 read1 & a second ,mass 0 celebrat$2 aft] :i* ! psalmody 0 resum$4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! ar*deacon invit$ ! p to assemble 9 ! ',eleona1' f :5ce a procession 0 made to ! summit ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,"h1 psalms & antiphons 7 sung1 ! ,gospel 0 read & ! bless+ giv54 ,aft] ?is1 ! p desc5d$ aga9 into ! ',eleona1' :]e ,vesp]s 7 sung1 & !n1 ) ! bi%op at _! head1 proce$$ 9 a solemn procession1 ) s++1 back to ! pr9cipal *ur*1 :i* 0 rea*$ t[>ds #h p4m4 ,at ! city gate ! procession 0 met by tor* be>]s1 :o accompani$ x to ! ,m>tyrium4 ,"h1 z well z 9 ! ,ana/asias1 to :i* ! p proce$$ 9 turn1 & 9 ! *apel ( ! ,holy ,cross1 ! usual pray]s1 hymns & bless+s took place1 s t ! fe/ival did n conclude until midnight4 7,kelln]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #aab-aac74 ,9 mo/ *ur*es1 ! pr9cipal s]vices 7 solemn baptism & processions4 ,9 "s places x 0 cu/om>y to scatt] roses f ! ro( ( ! *ur*1 to recall ! miracle ( ,p5teco/4 ,9 ,france1 trumpets 7 bl[n 9 *ur*1 9 memory ( ! great w9d :i* accompani$ ! ,holy ,_s's desc5t4 ,,tr9ity ,,sunday4 ,! fir/ ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/1 = c5turies1 0 n call$ ,tr9ity ,sunday4 ,pope ,alex&] ,,ii4 7circa #ajgc7 0 que/ion$ ab\t a fea/ 9 hon\r ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity & he repli$ t x 0 n ! ,roman cu/om to set ap>t any p>ticul> day 9 hon\r ( ! ,tr9ity1 :i* 0 hon\r$ _m times daily 9 ! psalmody1 by ! ,gloria ,patri4 ,b an ,(fice & ,mass1 dat+ f a hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ?is ,pope's "t1 7 9 use 9 ! ,ne!rl&s & aft]w>ds 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many & ,france2 & 9 #abfj 7 spread f> & wide4 ,9 #accd1 ,pope ,john ,,xxii4 ord]$ uni=mity & g5]al obs]vance ( ?is fea/ on ! ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/4 ,! ,(fice 9 our ,brevi>ies dates f ! "t ( ,pius ,v4 ,x is beautiful & sublime 9 matt] & 9 =m4 ,:e!r ?is is a new ,(fice or a bl5d+ ( "s anci5t (fices1 is a matt] ( dispute4 ,baillet1 ,les ,vies des ,sa9ts 7,tom ix4 c4 #b1 #aeh7 ?9ks x a new ,(fice4 ,b ,b9t]im1 ,die ,kir*i*le ,heortology1 ,"p ,i41 #bfe1 & ,baum]-,biron1 ,hi/oire du ,breviaire1 #bih1 take a diff]5t view4 ,! ,roman rite foll[s ! old] =m ( enum]ation1 second ,sunday aft] ,ea/] & s =?1 & n fir/ ,sunday aft] ,tr9ity4 ,! latt] =m ( enum]ation is adopt$ 9 ! ,anglican *ur* s]vice books4 ,,! ,,prop] ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts4 ,decemb]4 ,! ,fea/ ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! discussion ( ! "q ( ?is fea/ la/$ = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,a fea/ ( ! ,conception 0 celebrat$ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury & 0 celebrat$ on ! #i? ,decemb] 7,kelln]1 ,heortology1 p4 #bdb1 et seq474 ,! fea/ 0 celebrat$ 9 ,engl& be=e ! ,norman ,conque/ 7#ajff7 7,bi%op1 ,on ! ,orig9s ( ,fea/ ( ! ,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,london1 #aijd74 ,b !re is an e>li] codex ?an ^? m5tion$ by ,bi%op1 & f x1 x is argu$ t ! fea/ is ( ,iri% orig94 ,9 a metrical cal5d>1 :i* is reasonably ref]r$ to ! "t ( ,alfr$ ! ,great 7#hga-ija71 !re is ! l9e ,concipitur ,virgo m>ia cognom9e s5io2 & ?is cal5d> exhibits1 says ,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j41 mo/ unmi/akable signs ( ! influ5ce ( an ,iri% "*4 ,x 0 writt51 ,dr4 ,:itely ,/okes believ$1 by an ,iri%man 9 ! n9? c5tury or !reab\ts4 ,! script appe>s to him to be old ,iri%1 r ?an ,anglo-,saxon1 & ! l>ge numb]s ( commemorations ( ,iri% sa9ts & ! accuracy ) :i* ! names are spelt1 po9t to an ,iri% orig94 ,?is cal5d> places ! fea/ ( our ,lady's ,conception on ! #bnd ,may4 ,9 ! metrical cal5d> ( ,o5gus1 ! fea/ is assign$ to ! #crd ,may1 & 9 8 ,leabh> ,breac1 ! scribe adds ! ,lat9 note1 ,feir m> ,muire et reliqua1 i4e41 inceptio ejus ut alii putant--s$ 9 februo m5se vel 9 ,m>tio facta e/ illa1 quae po/ ,,vii4 m5ses nata e/1 ut inn>atur--vel quae libet alia f]ia ejus4 ,aga91 9 ! m>tyrology ( ,tallaght1 f :i* ,gorman1 a lat] m>tyrologi/1 says t ,o5gus1 ! ,culdee1 drew 8 mat]ials1 is f\nd "u date ,may #crd1 a m5tion ( ! celebration ( ! ,conception ( ,m>y4 ,?is evid5ce seems to %[--al?\gh x is n p]fectly conclusive--t ! conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 0 celebrat$ 9 ! ,iri% ,*ur* 9 ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 b n on ! #h? ,decemb] 7see ,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j41 ,! ,mon?1 ,may & ,june1 #aijd2 ,fa!r ,doncoeur1 ,s4,j41 ,revue d'hi/oire ecclesia/ique1 ,l\va91 #aijg1 p4 #bgh1 et seq42 ,baudot1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y1 pp4 #bec-bee2 ,kelln]1 op4 cit474 ,x is to be regrett$ t ev5 9 ! new ,brevi>y ! lessons = ! second nocturn ( ?is fea/ are tak5 f ! composition1 ,cogitis me1 falsely attribut$ to ,/4 ,j]ome1 & reject$ by critics1 f ! days ( ,b>onius1 z spuri\s 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 p4 #bcf74 ,febru>y4 ,! ,purification4 ,c&lemas4 ,accord+ to ! ,gospel n>rative1 ,m>y fulfill$ ! comm&s ( ! ,law 7,lev4 ,,xii4 #b-h71 & on ! =tie? day br\ght ! prescrib$ (f]+ to ! ,temple1 :]e %e met ,simeon & ,anna4 ,! fir/ ref]5ce f\nd 9 ,*ri/ian writ]s to ?is fe/ival is f\nd 9 ! fam\s ,p]egr9atio ,sylviae1 ! di>y ( a ,spani% lady :o visit$ ,j]usalem ab\t #che-chh4 ,%e tells u t ! day began ) a solemn procession1 foll[$ by a s]mon on ,/4 ,luke ,,ii4 #bb seqq41 & a ,mass4 ,x _h n yet a "n1 b 0 call$ ! =tie? day aft] ! ,epiphany2 & ?is nam+ %[s t at ,j]usalem ! ,epiphany 0 reg>d$ z ! day ( ,*ri/'s bir?4 ,! lady's words %[ t ! fea/ 0 n !n obs]v$ 9 h] own c\ntry4 ,! fea/ 0 obs]v$ 9 ,rome 9 #edb2 & ,pope ,s]gius ,i4 7#fhg-gja7 ord]$ a procession on ?is fe/ival4 ,! op9ion t is s (t5 met ) 9 pi\s books1 t ?is fea/ ) its procession ( c&lebe>]s 0 e/abli%$ by ! ,*ur* to replace ! riot & revels ( ! ,pagan ,lup]calia1 is n[ reject$ by s*ol>s4 ,=1 processions1 ) or )\t lights1 7 s common among/ ,pagans & ,*ri/ians t any connection betwe5 ^! two fea/s is negligible4 ,m>*4 ,/4 ,joseph4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* ! cultus ( ,/4 ,joseph is n f\nd 9 any cal5d> be=e ! n9? c5tury1 al?\gh num]\s traces ( ! e/eem & v5]ation paid to him by individuals are f\nd4 ,! public cultus ( ,/4 ,joseph 0 introduc$ by ! private devotions ( great s]vants ( ,god1 su* z ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,g]trude1 ,/4 ,bridget ( ,sw$51 ,john ,g]son1 ,/4 ,b]n>d9e ( ,si5na1 & o!r ,franciscan prea*]s4 ,! spread ( ! devotion 9 sev]al c\ntries l$ ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv4 7#adga-adhd7 to introduce ,/4 ,joseph's fea/1 z a simplex1 hav+ only "o lesson4 ,clem5t ,,xi4 7#agjj-agba7 *ang$ x into a fea/ ( n9e lessons4 ,two c5turies previ\sly ! fea/ is f\nd 9 ,brevi>ies "u date #ai? ,m>*4 ,! ,annunciation4 ,devotion to ! ,"m ( ,god 0 cont9u$ by ! apo/les aft] ! dea? ( h] ,son4 ,f]v5t & widespread devotion is traceable 9 ! ,*ur*'s e>ly days1 b ! organis+ ( our ,lady's fea/s 0 a "w ( "s "t & difficulty4 ,a great difficulty 0 ! fe> ( blasphemy f pagans1 & ( error among/ pagan conv]ts1 s tra9$ 9 my?s & g5ealogies ( ! gods4 ,!n ! fe/ivals commemorat+ ! facts ( ! life1 dea? & resurrection 7 prim>ily commemorative ( ! ,r$eem] & second>ily ( ,8 ,"m4 ,long be=e ! in/itution ( h] fea/1 ! cultus ( ,m>y 0 almo/ univ]sal4 ,! fea/ ( ! ,annunciation falls on ! #be? ,m>* ) u4 ,its date dep5ds entirely on ! date ( ,*ri/mas1 b ! bir? ( ,*ri/ 0 n always plac$ 9 cal5d>s on ! #be? ,decemb]4 ,9 e>ly days ! fea/s ( m>tyrs & o!r sa9ts 7 n celebrat$ 9 ,l5t1 & h5ce ?is fea/ ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 set d[n 9 "s cal5d>s z transf]r$1 & 0 celebrat$ 9 ,adv5t4 ,9 ,spa91 x 0 celebrat$ eight days be=e ,*ri/mas4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! fea/ 0 g5]ally celebrat$ on ! #be? ,m>*1 & gradually ?is date 0 fix$1 & 0 sanction$ by sev]al c\ncils 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,may4 ,! ,f9d+ ( ! ,holy ,cross4 ,! hi/ory ( ! f9d+ ( ! true cross by ,/4 ,hel5a is well kn[n4 ,! ,alex&r9e ,*ronicle gives ! day z ! #ad? ,septemb]1 #cbj4 ,?is ,septemb] fea/ ( ! holy cross is ( e>li] orig9 ?an ! fea/ ( ,may4 ,! latt] 0 e/abli%$ to commemorate ! act ( ! emp]or 9 #fbi1 :5 he br\ght back to ,j]usalem ! true cross1 f ! ,p]sian conqu]ors4 ,on #crd ,may1 he h&$ x ov] to ! ,patri>* ,za*>ias1 &1 /range to say1 ?is fe/ival ( ,may spread rapidly 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 :il/ 9 ! ,ea/ only "o fea/1 7! ,septemb] "o71 ( ! f9d+ ( ! cross 0 celebrat$ = c5turies4 ,9 ,milan1 = in/ance1 ! ,septemb] fea/ 0 receiv$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 :il/ ! ,may fea/ 0 root$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* v _m ye>s be=e t "t4 ,! antiphons & hymns ( ?is ,(fice are1 x is said1 among/ ! mo/ beautiful & sublime pray]s ( our liturgy4 ,! ,app>ition ( ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,! cultus ( ! holy angels is ( ,jewi% orig9 & exi/$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ! beg9n+4 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,colossians 7mod]n ,khonus on ! ,lycus7 he speaks ( ?is devotion & ( ! attempts ( a ,gno/ic sect to spread false doctr9es on ?is po9t 7,col4 ii1 #ah74 ,al?\gh ! evil wr\ght 0 long liv$1 true devotion to ! angels 0 practis$ 9 ,colossae & !re ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael appe>$4 ,9 hon\r ( ?is app>ition1 ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,mi*ael 9 ,septemb] 0 e/abli%$4 ,devotion to ! ,ar*angel 0 ( v e>ly date 9 ,rome & 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* g5]ally4 ,masses 9 8 hon\r are f\nd 9 ! olde/ ,roman ,sacram5t>y 7#dhc-dib72 & 9 ^! he is m5tion$ by "n 9 pray]s & prefaces4 ,! ,may fea/ 0 in/itut$ 9 ! six? c5tury1 to commemorate a second app>ition ne> ,sipontum on ,monte ,g>gano1 :i* took place on ! #h? ,may1 #ebj4 ,june #bi4 ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul4 ,!re always has be5 a con/ant tradition 9 ,rome t ^! two sa9ts suff]$ m>tyrdom on ! same day1 #bi? ,june1 & x is only natural t ?is day %\ld be kept ) great devotion & solemnity at ,rome4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 fea/s 9 hon\r ( ^! m>tyrs 7 held at diff]5t seasons1 ,*ri/mas1 ,febru>y & ,epiphany4 ,! day 0 kept 9 _m places z a solemn holiday1 s]vile works be+ prohibit$4 ,b 9 ,rome1 devotion 0 closely connect$ ) ! date & ) ! exact places ( m>tyrdom4 ,ow+ to ! di/ance :i* sep>at$ ! two *ur*es ( ! apo/les f ea* o!r1 x 0 mo/ fatigu+ to celebrate ,mass at bo? places1 & s 9 c\rse ( "t ! fe/ival 0 divid$ into two p>ts1 & ! ,mass 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,paul took place on ! #c,o? ,june4 ,july4 ,! ,visitation4 ,?is fea/ 0 probably orig9at$ by ! ,franciscans 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 prea*$ & spread by _! zeal4 ,x is m5tion$ among/ ,franciscan records be>+ date #abfc4 ,x 0 kept 9 diff]5t places at diff]5t dates4 ,9 ,p>is x 0 kept 9 ,april4 ,9 #ahej ,pius ,,ix4 rais$ ?is fea/ to ! rank ( a d\ble ( ! second class1 to ?ank ,god = hav+1 on ?is day1 #bnd ,july1 fre$ ,rome f ! revolution>y yoke4 ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal54 ,comm5tators on ,sacr$ ,scripture are n agre$ :e!r ,m>y ( ,magdala 0 ! si/] ( ,laz>us or :e!r !re 7 two or ?ree ,m>ys connect$ ) our ,"l--,m>y ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 ,m>y ( ,magdala1 & ,m>y ! s9n] nam$ 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel vii4 #bg4 ,! ,roman liturgy seems to fav\r ! op9ion t ,m>y ( ,magdala 0 ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 & t %e 0 a s9n] & 0 possess$ by sev5 devils4 ,! hi/ory ( ,m>y ,magdal5 aft] our ,"l's dea? has be5 writt51 ) l>ge & v>i$ additions ( adv5ture1 by pi\s m$iaevali/s4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 traces ( ! sa9t's cultus are met ) 9 ,b$e & 8 contempor>ies4 ,b devotion f> & wide beg9s ) m$iaeval times4 ,! _m leg5ds :i* h gr[n up ar\nd h] "n & hi/ory h s obscur$ hi/oric tru? t ! ,brevi>y gives no hi/oric lessons on h] fea/ day1 b gives z a lesson "p ( a homily f ,/4 ,gregory4 ,"s ( ! leg5ds may be f\nd 9 ! ,(fice ( ,/4 ,m>?a 7,july1 #bi?74 ,augu/4 ,! ,assumption4 ,9 all probability ?is is ! e>lie/ ( our ,lady's fe/ivals 7,kelln]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bce74 ,e>ly writ]s m5tion ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semani z ! place ( ,m>y's burial & ! ?ird ye>--"s say ! twelf? ye>--aft] our ,"l's dea? z ! ye> ( h] dea?4 ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e rely+ on ! writ+s ( ,eu?ymius tells u :at we "k ( ! ,assumption4 ,he tells t ! wife ( ! ,emp]or ,m>cian 7#dej-deg7 wi%$ to transf] our ,lady's relics f ,j]usalem to ,con/ant9ople & 0 in=m$ by ,juv5al1 ,bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 t su* relics 7 n 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! ,bless$ ,"m _h be5 buri$ !re1 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semani1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,apo/les1 ,?omas alone be+ abs5t4 ,on 8 arrival he wi%$ to v5]ate ! ,"m ( ,god2 ! tomb 0 op5$ = him1 b no?+ 0 f\nd save ! l95 grave-clo!s1 :i* gave =? a sweet p]fume4 ,! ,apo/les conclud$ t ,*ri/ _h tak5 to ,heav5 ! body :i* _h borne ,him4 ,! ,emp]or ,maurice ord]$ ! date1 ! #ae? ,augu/1 long & widely recognis$1 to be ! date ( ?is annual fe/ival4 ,h[ev]1 "s *ur*es celebrat$ x on o!r dates4 ,9 ! ,go?ico-,gallic missal ( ! eigh? c5tury1 ! fea/ is fix$ = ! #ah? ,janu>y4 ,! fe/ival 0 call$ sometimes dormitio ,m>iae1 pausatio ,m>iae4 ,x 0 celebrat$ 9 ,rome at ! end ( ! sev5? c5tury1 b h[ long x _h be5 9 exi/5ce !re1 & 9 ! ,we/ g5]ally be=e t "t1 no "o c say4 ,fea/ ( ! ,"n ( ,m>y4 ,?is fea/ owes its orig9 to ! devotion ( ! fai?ful & 0 fir/ au?oris$ by ! ,pope 9 #aeac4 ,x 0 ext5d$ to ! univ]sal cal5d> 9 #afhc1 on ! occasion ( ! deliv]ance ( ,vi5na f ! ,turks4 ,ov] ! d]ivation & mean+ ( ! "n ,m>ia mu* s*ol>%ip & conjecture h be5 lavi%$4 ,x is said to mean 7#a7 /ella m>is 7,eusebius72 7#b7 lady1 f ! ,syrian ,m>?a 7,/4 ,john ,damasc5e72 ?is is ! ,brevi>y mean+1 b ! ,brevi>y uses ! fir/ mean+1 /ella m>is1 too2 7#c7 /ately1 impos+ "o 7,b>d5hew]72 7#d7 f ! ,egyptian1 m]ijom1 fri5d ( wat]1 bride ( ! sea 7,macke74 ,octob]4 ,fea/ ( ! ,holy ,ros>y4 ,x is n necess>y to speak ( ! orig9 ( ! ,ros>y4 ,?is fea/ 0 e/abli%$ by ,gregory ,,xiii4 9 #aegc1 z a ?anksgiv+ = ! victory ( ,lepanto 7,octob]1 #aega74 ,clem5t ,,xi4 ext5d$ ! fea/ to all ,*ri/5dom 9 consequ5ce ( ! victory ga9$ at ,pet]w>d5 by ,pr9ce ,eug5e 9 #agaf4 ,novemb]4 ,fea/ ( all ,sa9ts4 ,?is fea/ 0 in/itut$ to hon\r all ! sa9ts1 kn[n & unkn[n1 &1 accord+ to ,urban ,,iv41 to supply any defici5cies 9 ! fai?ful's celebration ( sa9ts' fea/s dur+ ! ye>4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 ! ,*ri/ians 7 accu/om$ to solemnize ! anniv]s>y ( a m>tyr's dea? = ,*ri/1 at ! place ( m>tyrdom4 ,! neighb\r+ dioceses began to int]*ange fea/s1 to transf] !m & to divide !m1 & to jo9 9 a common fea/2 444 frequ5tly gr\ps ( m>tyrs suff]$ on ! same day1 :i* naturally l$ to a jo9t commemoration4 ,9 ! p]secution ( ,diocletian ! numb] ( m>tyrs became s great t a sep>ate day c\ld n be assign$ to ea*4 ,b ! ,*ur*1 feel+ t e m>tyr %\ld be v5]at$1 appo9t$ a common day = all4 ,! fir/ trace ( x we f9d 9 ,antio* on ! ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/4 444 ,at fir/ only m>tyrs & ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 7 hon\r$ by a special day4 ,o!r sa9ts 7 add$ gradually1 & increas$ 9 numb] :5 a g5]al process ( canonization 0 e/abli%$2 /ill1 z e>ly z #daa !re is 9 ! ,*aldean cal5d> a 'commemoratio ,confessorum' = ! ,friday aft] ,ea/]4 444 ,gregory ,,iv4 7#hbg-hdd7 ext5d$ ! celebration on #a/ ,novemb] to ! entire ,*ur* 7,ca?4 ,ency41 art1 ,all ,s\ls74 ,fea/ ( ,all ,s\ls1 ,! !ological basis = ! fea/ is ! doctr9e t ! s\ls1 :i*1 on dep>t+ f ! body are n p]fectly cleans$ f v5ial s9s1 or h n fully aton$ = pa/ transgressions1 are deb>r$ f ! ,beatific ,vision1 & t ! fai?ful on e>? c help !m by pray]s1 almsde$s1 & especially by ! holy sacrifice ( ! ,mass4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity ! names ( ! dep>t$ bre?r5 7 ent]$ 9 ! dipty*s4 ,lat]1 9 ! six? c5tury1 x 0 cu/om>y 9 ,b5$ict9e mona/]ies to hold a commemoration ( ! deceas$ memb]s at ,:itsuntide1 ,9 ,spa91 !re 0 su* a day be=e ,sexagesima or be=e ,p5teco/1 at ! "t ( ,/4 ,isidore 7d4 #fcf74 ,9 ,g]many1 !re exi/$ 7accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,widuk9d1 ,abbot ( ,corvey1 c4 #ihj7 a "t-hon\r$ c]emony ( pray+ = ! dead on #a/ ,octob]4 ,?is 0 accept$ & sanctifi$ by ! ,*ur* 7,ca?4 ,ency41 art4 ,all ,s\ls74 ,! psalms & lessons ( ?is ,(fice are especially well *os51 & ! responses to ! lessons--said to be ! "w ( ,maurice de ,sully 7d4 #aaif7--;are greatly admir$ by liturgical exp]ts4 ,x may be not$ "h1 t1 9 ! recitation ( ?is ,(fice1 :i* is1 = mo/ prie/s1 ! only *oral recitation ( liturgy1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to select ! prop] nocturn or nocturns4 ,9 ! g5]al rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y 7,tit4 ,,xix4 n4 #b7 x is /at$ t ! invitatory is n to be said 9 ,(ficio ,defunctorum p] annum1 excepto die ,commemorationis omnium fidelium defunctorum1 ac 9 die obitus seu depositionis defuncti et qu&ocunque dicuntur tres nocturni4 ,:51 !re=e1 only "o nocturn is recit$1 ! invitatory is to be omitt$ except on ! dies obitus seu depositionis4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 ev5 ?\gh ! body is n pres5t--= "s special reason1 su* z contagi\s disease--! invitatory is n to be omitt$4 ,on any o!r occasion1 no matt] h[ solemn or privileg$1 su* z ! sev5?1 ?irtie?1 or anniv]s>y day1 :5 only "o nocturn is recit$1 ! invitatory mu/ n be includ$4 ,?is is cle>1 n only f ! rubrics ( ! ,brevi>y & ,ritual 7,tit4 ,,vi41 cap4 ,,iv47 b also f c]ta9 answ]s ( ! ,congregation ( ,rites 7,iri% ,eccles4 ,record1 ,decemb]1 #aiac74 ,dom ,baudot's ,! ,roman ,brevi>y gives 9 an app5dix1 pp4 #bci-beb1 tables %[+ ! date at :i* ea* sa9t 0 ins]t$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 ! rank giv5 to 8 fe/ival1 & ! v>iations x has und]gone4 ,x is (t5 difficult to give precise dates4 ,,rogation ,,days1 ,,emb] ,,days ,,& ,,litanies4 ,litanies 7 solemn supplications in/itut$ to implore ! bless+ ( ,heav5 on ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,x 0 cu/om>y to recite !m 9 ! spr+1 t is1 ! season ( late fro/s1 s mu* dread$ by ! cultivators ( ! soil4444 ,! p m>*$ 9 procession to ! spot1 *ant+ ! :ile t dialogue pray] :i* we call a litany1 elaborat$1 accord+ to circum/ances1 into a long s]ies ( invocations1 address$ to ,god & to angels & sa9ts4 ,! day set ap>t = ?is purpose at ,rome 0 ! #be? ,april1 a traditional date1 be+ t on :i* ! anci5t ,romans celebrat$ ! fe/ival ( ! ,robigalia4444 ,! mo/ anci5t au?ority = ?is c]emony is a =mul>y = convok+ x1 f\nd 9 ! ,regi/] ( ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great1 :i* mu/ h be5 us$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance 9 ! ye> #eih 7,du*esne1 ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 *ap1 viii41 n4 #i74 ,emb] days1 a corruption f ,lat9 ,quatuor ,tempora 7f\r times74 ,! purpose ( _! introduction1 besides ! g5]al "o int5d$ by all pray] & fa/+1 0 to ?ank ,god = ! gifts ( nature1 to tea* m5 to make use ( !m 9 mod]ation1 & to assi/ ! ne$y4 ,! imm$iate occasion 0 ! practice ( ! hea!ns ( ,rome4 ,! ,romans 7 orig9ally giv5 to agriculture & _! native god belong$ to ! same class4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! "t = se$+ & h>ve/+ religi\s c]emonies 7 p]=m$ to implore ! help ( _! deities2 9 ,june = a b\ntiful h>ve/1 9 ,septemb] = a ri* v9tage1 & 9 ,decemb] = ! se$+4444 ,! ,*ur* :5 conv]t+ hea!n nations has always tri$ to sanctify any practice :i* c\ld be utilis$ = a good purpose4 ,! fa/s 7 fix$ by ! ,*ur* be=e ! "t ( ,callixtus 7#bag-bbb74 ,! spread ( ! obs]vance ( ,emb] days 0 sl[2 b !y 7 fix$ def9itely & ! fa/ prescrib$ = ! :ole ,*ur* by ,gregory ,,vii4 7#ajgc-ajhe74 7,cf4 ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia1 ^w1 ,emb] ,days2 ,du*esne ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 *ap1 viii42 ,dom ,mor9 ,revue ,b5$ict9e1 ,l',orig9e des ,quatre ,temps1 #ahig1 pp4 #ccj-cdg47 ,,note ,a4 ,,! ,,brevi>y ,,hymns4 ,( all ! _m & v>i$ bran*es ( ,*ri/ian art1 !re is none :i* (f]s to ! rese>*es ( criticism a field s ext5sive z does ! hymnography ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 ,no o!r s\rce ( liturgical /udy1 if we except ! antiphon>ium1 has receiv$ su* att5tion f /udi\s m54 ,b nev]1 9 any age1 did ?is /udy receive su* c>eful treatm5t & give rise to su* pati5t & labori\s rese>* z 9 our own4 7,pimont1 ,les hymnes du ,brevi>e ,roma91 ,introduction47 ,9 ?is note1 an attempt w be made to def9e a hymn1 to tell ( ! introduction ( hymns into ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 & to note briefly ! "* ( ^! hymns4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 comm5t+ on ,psalm #abb1 def9$ a hymn z a song ) praise ( ,god1 cantus e/ cum laude ,dei4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be m /rictly def9$ z a spiritual song1 a religi\s lyric 7v4 ,ca?1 ,ency41 art4 ,hymn74 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian assemblies great use 0 made ( ! psalms & canticles 9 _! congregational s++4 ,/4 ,paul wrote3 ,speak+ to y\rselves 9 psalms & hymns & spiritual canticles1 s++ & mak+ melody 9 y\r he>ts to ! ,"l 7,ephes4 v4 #ah7 444tea*+ & admoni%+ "o ano!r 9 psalms1 hymns & spiritual canticles1 s++ 9 grace 9 y\r he>ts to ,god 7,col4 iii4 #af74 ,! ,jesuit1 ,fa!r ,arevalo1 9 8 ,hymodia ,hispanica1 cites _m witnesses1 su* z ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 ,pl9y ! y\ng]1 to prove t hymns 7 us$ 9 ! fir/ & second c5turies4 ,b a mu*-debat$ "q is1 :e!r ^? hymns 7 really made "p ( ! ,(fice1 z hymns /& !re to-day4 ,"s s*ol>s d5y t !y 72 o!rs ass]t t !y 7 c]ta9ly "p ( ! ,*ur*'s ,(fice4 ,all agree t !y 7 c]ta9ly 9 use =mally & sub/antially 9 ! ,(fice 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies 9 ! ,ea/]n & 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,antio* 7#bfi-bgj7 wrote to ! ,pope t ,paul ( ,samosate _h suppress$ "s canticles rec5tly compos$ 9 hon\r ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria compos$ "s hymns1 to w9 ov] an err+ bi%op4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ! ,c\ncil ( ,laodicea spoke ( ! introduction ( "s hymns1 :i* 7 n approv$2 & ,/4 ,basil tells u t hymns 7 9 univ]sal use 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,poti]s 7#cgj7 compos$ a hymn book = 8 *ur*4 ,its exi/5ce is kn[n f ! words ( ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,/4 ,augu/9e /ates t ,/4 ,ambrose 7#cdj-cig71 %ut up ) 8 p 9 ! *ur* 9 ,milan by ! p]secutors1 occupi$ 8 flock by _! s++ ( hymns :i* he himself _h compos$1 & "s ( :i* are 9 our ,brevi>ies4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,milan c]ta9ly _h hymns 9 its ,(fice & 9 its ,(fice books !n1 = ,/4 ,paul9us 9 8 life ( ,/4 ,augu/9e wrote3 ,hoc 9 tempore1 primum antiphonae1 hymni ac vigilae 9 ,ecclesia ,m$iolan5si celebr>i coep]unt2 cujus celebritatis devotio usque 9 hodi]nam diem1 non solum1 9 ,ecclesia ,m$iolan5si v]um p] omnes p5e ,occid5tis prov9cias manet4 ,b ! "q arises1 :5 did ,rome introduce hymns into h] liturgy8 ,! le>n$ ,jesuit1 ,fa!r ,arevalo1 held t ! ,roman ,(fice _h hymns z an integral "p f ! "t ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 & he call$ ! op9ion ( ^? :o held t !y 7 ( lat] introduction an invet]ate error1 errorem invet]atum 7,hymnodia ,hispanica ,,xviii41 n4 #ie74 ,! introduction ( antiphonal *ant+ 0 introduc$ into ,rome at ! "t ( ,/4 ,ambrose & liturgical hymn s++1 too1 0 introduc$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,?is we "k f ! ,milanese prie/ ,paul9us1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,pope ,cele/9e ,i41 & ,fau/us1 ,bi%op ( ,riez4 ,b =mal1 (ficial & sy/ematic hymnody 0 n introduc$ 9 ,rome until c5turies aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,ambrose4 ,mabillon 7,suppl4 ad ,,iv4 lib de div4 (f4 ,amal>ii1 t4 #aa7 & ,tomasi 7,9 annot1 ad ,resp4 et antip4 ,rom4 ,ecc47 place ! date ( ! introduction ( hymns into ! ,roman liturgy1 9 ! elev5? or twelf? c5turies4 ,b s*ol>s n[ agree t hymns 7 =mally recognis$ 9 ! liturgy ( ,rome 9 ! latt] half ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,to judge ( :at ,amal>e ( ,metz says1 !re 0 no sign ( x at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury1 b f ! middle ( ! same c5tury onw>ds hymns mu/ h be5 introduc$ into ! ,(fice us$ by ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,franki% empire1 & %ortly aft]w>ds 9 ,rome 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 pp4 #fg-fh74 ,wilfrid ,/rabo agrees ) ,amal>e4 ,rabanus ,maurus te/ifies t hymns 7 9 g5]al usage 9 ! second "p ( ! n9? c5tury4 7,migne1 ,pat4 ,lat4 clx4 #aei1 cxiv4 #ief74 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,gu]ang]1 ,pimont1 ,blume & ,baum]4 ,dom ,gu]ang] expla9s :y ,rome1 ! "m & mi/ress ( all ! *ur*es1 did n adopt ! practice ( hymn *ant+ 9 h] liturgy = c5turies2 :y %e did n prec$e or quickly foll[ ! ,ea/]n & _m p>ts ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur* 9 ?is matt] ( liturgical hymns4 ,! ,*ur*1 he says1 did n wi% to alt] by religi\s songs ! simplicity1 or ! mean+1 ( h] great liturgical pray]4 ,nor did %e wi% to adopt quickly any innovation 9 h] liturgy or discipl9e 7,in/4 ,liturg4 ,i4 #a1 pp4 #agj-aga74 ,no "p ( ! ,*ur*'s liturgy has met ) su* p]si/5t1 abusive1 & (t5 ignorant criticism z h] hymns h receiv$4 ,! r5aissance cl]ics1 ! ,gallicans1 ! ,jans5i/s1 & ! ,prote/ants p\r$ =? volumes ( ho/ile & unm]it$ criticism on ! matt] & =m ( ,rome's sacr$ songs4 ,beci*emus1 rector ( ! ,academy ( ,pavia 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 9 8 introduction to ! "w ( ,f]r]i1 wrote ( ! hymns3 sunt omnes f]e m5dosi1 inepti1 b>b>ie refecti1 nulla p$um ratione nullo syllab>um m5su compositi4444 ,ut ad risum eruditos conc95t1 et ad contemptum ecclesia/ici ritus vel lit]atos sac]dotes inducant4444 ,lit]atos dixi3 nam cet]i qui sunt sacri patrimonii helluones1 s9e sci5tia1 s9e sapi5tia1 satis hab5t1 ut dracones />e juxta arcam ,dom9i4 ,! rem>ks ( ! rector recall ! say+ ( ,lactantius1 lit]ati non hab5t fidem4 ,f]r]i1 :o _h be5 commission$ by ,pope ,clem5t to revise & correct ! ,brevi>y hymns1 wrote 9 8 d$ication epi/le3 ,i h giv5 all my c>e to ?is collection ( new hymns1 because le>n$ prie/s & fri5ds ( good ,lat9ity :o are n[ oblig$ to praise ,god 9 a b>b>\s /yle1 are expos$ to laugh & to despise holy ?+s4 ,santeuil 7#afcj-afig7 *>act]is$ ! ,brevi>y hymns z ! product ( ignorance1 ! disgrace ( ! ,lat9 language1 ! disreputable relics ( ! e>ly ages1 ! result ( lunacy4 ,viol5t attack leads to viol5t def5ce4 ,bo? are g5]ally born ( ignorance1 a p>tizan _s1 & exagg]ation4 ,pi\s ,ca?olic def5d]s write t ! ,roman ,brevi>y has hymns f> sup]ior to ! classic lyrics ( anci5t ,rome2 t !y h an inimitable /yle2 t !y are f> sup]ior to ,horatian poetry2 t !re is no?+ to comp>e ) _! /yle & beauty 9 pagan classics1 ,inde$1 zeal has l$ "s holy m5 to c5sure ,pope ,leo ,x41 ,clem5t ,,vii41 &4 ,urban ,,viii4 = _! attempts to correct ^! compositions1 :i* !y hold to h be5 p]fect4 ,tru? seems to hold ! place ( ! gold5 mean betwe5 ! bitt] critics & ! ov] zeal\s def5d]s ( our ,brevi>y hymns4 ,! foll[+ propositions1 drawn f ,fa!r ,b>n>d's ,c\rs ,de ,liturgie ,roma9e1 may be tak5 z a fair & accurate /atem5t ( ! views ( s*ol>s1 views :i* may be safely held by all /ud5ts ( ?is portion ( liturgy4 ,fir/ ,proposition3--,_m ( ! hymns ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y h n ! elegance ( ! ,odes ( ,horace1 ( ! hymns ( ,santeuil & ( ,c(f94 ,pro(3-7#a7 ,! holy ,fa!rs _h outl9$ 9 a r\gh sket* r ?an p]fect$ _! hymns 7,pope ,urban ,,viii41 ,bull ,quamvis1 #ag? ,june1 #afdd74 7#b7 ,speak+ ( ! new ,hymnal ( ,f]r]i1 ,pope ,clem5t ,,viii4 says t ! new "w c\ld only add to ! spl5d\r ( wor%ip & help to ! common int]e/1 imply+ t ! new hymns help$ religion by _! accuracy & grace ( correct poetic =ms4 7#c7 ,pimont1 ! au?or ( a classic "w on ! ,brevi>y ,hymns1 9 a numb] ( comm5ts1 notes ! crudities ( ! ,brevi>y hymns1 ev5 9 _! revis$ =ms4 ,?us1 9 ! hymn = ,prime1 he notes app>5t rugg$ness4 ,he passes simil> comm5ts on ! hymns assign$ to ! little h\rs4 7#d7 ,bacquez /ates t all ! hymns d n jo9 beauty ( expression to ! m]it ( ! ?\ght express$1 & t a c]ta9 numb] lack /yle & good prosody4 ,^! op9ions %\ld n be ext5d$ to all1 nor ev5 to v _m ( ! ,brevi>y hymns4 ,all s]i\s critics agree ab\t ! beauty ( su* hymns z ! ,aet]ne r]um ,conditor1 ! ,somno refectis artubus1 ,spl5dor ,aet]nae gloriae1 ,v]bum sup]num prodi5s1 & a good numb] ( o!rs4 ,! great] "p ( ! ,brevi>y ,hymns are compos$ accord+ to ! rules ( prosody1 & _! =m is lyric1 ! popul> =m ( ,lat9 song1 :i* prec$$ 9 ,italy ! prosodical sy/em borr[$ f ! ,greeks1 & us$ by ! classic pagan poets4 ,! critics ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod are v l\d & v wra?ful ov] ! =m ( ^! hymns4 ,"s ( !m accuse ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,prud5tius & ,gregory ! ,great ( gross ignorance ( ! rules ( ,lat9 v]se &1 :at to ! critics 0 worse1 ignorance ( ! ways ( pagan classical models4 ,b1 0 ! rhym$1 tonic acc5t$ lyric1 :i* 0 to be sung by all sorts & conditions ( m51 9 public1 su* an outrage\s lit]>y s98 ,0 x ignorance or prud5ce t guid$ ! e>ly hymn writ]s 9 _! adoption ( popul> poetic =m8 ,x is n c]ta9 by any means t ! e>ly hymn writ]s wi%$ to copy or adopt ! classic =ms ( ! ,augu/9ian age4 ,nor is x cle> t su* m5 ( g5ius z ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,prud5tius1 ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great1 7 ignorant ( ! rules & models ( ! be/ ,lat9 poets4 ,x seems t !y did n wi% to foll[ !m4 ,!y wilfully & design$ly adopt$ ! popul> lyric =ms1 s t !y might give to _! flocks 9 popul> & easily rememb]$ =ms1 pray]s & =mulas ( fai?4 ,second ,proposition3-,! ,brevi>y hymns h ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( poetic beauty4 ,briefly1 ^! elem5ts are sublimity ( ?\ght1 beauty ( s5tim5t1 aptness ( expression1 unction ( =m4 ,9 ^! matt]s ! ,brevi>y hymns are n inf]ior to ! classic poetry ( paganism1 nor to ! mu*-belaud$ beauties ( ! ,gallican ,brevi>y hymns 7vide ,bacquez1 ,le ,sa9t ,(fice1 notes vi4 & viii4 9 f9em74 ,! composition ( ! hymns is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! end = :i* !y are int5d$1 t is1 liturgical pray]1 *ant$ pray]4 ,_! phrases d n display ! va9 & sup]flu\s lit]>y glitt] ( ! mu*-laud$ ,gallican hymns1 b _! acc5ts g out f ! sanctu>y & live 9 ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,_! language is1 l ! ?\ght & expression ( ! psalms1 ! ^w ( a s\l pray+ to ,god & ador+ ,him 9 f]v\r1 9 simplicity1 & 9 fai?4 ,( ! piety & expression ( ! ,fr5* hymns1 ,fo9>d1 an ard5t apo/le ( ! ,fr5* liturgical novelties1 wrote3 ,il ne p>ait pas que ce soit l'onction qui dom9e dans les n\veaux ,brevi>ies2 on y a la v]ite1 travaille beauc\p p\r l'esprit2 mais il semole qu' on n'y a pas travaille autant p\r le coeur4 ,let\rneux1 ! fi]ce ,jans5i/1 wrote to ! ,brevi>y-poet1 ,santeuil1 8 co-work]3 ,v\s faites fum] l'enc5s2 mais c'e/ un feu e/rang] qui brule dans l'ens5oir4 ,la vanite fait en v\s ce que la *>ite devrait faire4 ,& ! ,ca?olic ,de ,mai/re1 s fam$ = 8 fair-m9d$ criticisms1 wrote ( ! new hymn-mak]s' works3 ,!y make a c]ta9 noise 9 ! e>1 b !y nev] brea! pray]1 because _! writ]s 7 all alone 7i4e41 unaid$ by ! grace & guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s7 :5 !y compos$ !m4 ,( ! ,roman ,brevi>y hymns he wrote3 ,!y always pray & excite ! s\l to pray]4 ,tra9 y\r he>ts to att5tion1 & he> all _! pray]s4 ,y w 9 !m see ! true religion1 z cle>ly z y see ! sunbeams4 ,f\r? ,proposition3--,! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y hymns is to express ) lively s5tim5ts & ) unction ! noble ideas & beautiful s5tim5ts ( ! sup]natural ord]1 9 a simple mann]1 )\t prosodical pret5sion1 yet hav+ ev] a true rhy?m :i* sometimes vies ) bett] compositions4 ,! *>act]i/ic m5tion$ 9 ?is proposition1 :i* comes z a coroll>y f ! ?ree prec$+ propositions1 is "o :i* is cle>ly not$ 9 our ,brevi>y hymns4 ,= by _! v position 9 ! ,brevi>y1 side by side ) ! ,psalms1 ,scripture extracts & words ( ! ,fa!rs1 ! ,*ur* %[s h] e/eem & h] use ( ^! lyrics ( pray] & praise4 ,aga91 ! ,*ur*'s m9d is %[n by h] ret5tion ( h] hymns 9 h] liturgy1 not)/&+ ! _m ef=ts made to sub/itute a new hymnal4 ,up to ! sixte5? c5tury ^! ,brevi>y hymns 7 univ]sally e/eem$4 ,!y 7 admir$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,!y are quot$ & prais$ by ,/4 ,?omas 9 8 ,summa4 ,deays ! ,c>?usian #adjb-adga wrote a beautiful comm5t>y on !m4 ,among/ all prie/s1 secul> & regul>1 ! hymns 7 v5]at$ & lov$4 ,al?\gh !re 7 _m m5 ( g5ius 9 e age & 9 e "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! hymns escap$ until ! r5aissance "u ,leo ,x4 7#adge-aeba74 ,! lov]s ( ev]y?+ classic & pagan 7 pa9$ & exasp]at$ at ! v5]able simplicity1 ! lack ( prosody1 ! vagu5ess & crudity ( ! word+ ( ! liturgical hymns4 ,9 #aeca1 ,wimphel+1 a prie/ ( ! diocese ( ,spire1 produc$ a "w1 ,himni de tempore et de sanctis 444 secundum legem c>m9is dilig5t] em5dati4 ,leo ,x41 yield+ to 8 own ta/e & ! wi%es ( ! le>n$ innovators :o 7 ard5t /ud5ts ( pagan antiquity1 commission$ ,f]r]i to compose a new hymnal = liturgical use4 ,8 book 0 all[$ = liturgical use1 b 0 n prescrib$4 ,x omitt$ all ! old hymns sanction$ by ! ,*ur* = c5turies1 & sung ) f]v\r by ?\s&s d[n ! ages4 ,!re are f\nd 9 ! "w ( ,f]r]i1 wrote ,dom ,gu]ang]1 all ! images & all ! allusions to pagan beliefs & usages :i* we f9d 9 ,horace4 ,sometimes1 x is only fair to say1 8 hymns are beautiful & simple 444 b !y foll[ g5]ally & too s]vilely ! pagan models 444 b !y are ! "w ( /rong & cle> inspiration1 :i* "u ! mask ( classic diction %[s itself 9 e "p4 7,in/4 ,liturg4 t4 ,i41 p4 #cgj47 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 new hymnals 7 issu$1 b ! ,brevi>y hymns 7 n remov$4 ,/4 ,pius ,v4 9 8 re=m ( ! ,brevi>y did n t\* ! ,brevi>y hymns4 ,clem5t ,,viii4 9 8 re=m add$ new hymns b did n remove nor ret\* ! old ones4 ,?is "w rema9$ = ,pope ,urban ,,viii4 7#afbc-afdd74 ,urban ,,viii41 ,maffeo ,b>b]9i1 0 a poet ( no mean rank4 ,be=e 8 election to ! papacy1 he 0 a recognis$ lov] ( classical lit]ature & an adept 9 foll[+ classic !mes & classic =ms4 ,our ,brevi>ies conta9 "s few ( 8 compositions & !y %[ correctness ( =m1 poetic m]it1 & piety4 ,!y are ! hymns1 ,m>t9ae celebri1 ,tu natale solum 7,janu>y #bj72 ,nullis te g5itor1 ,regali solio =tis 7,april #ac74 ,8 great desire 0 ! correction ( ! ,brevi>y hymns4 ,?is "w ( correction 0 n beyond ! p]sonal p[] ( ! ,pope himself1 if we judge him by 8 hymns4 ,8 views are express$ 9 ! ,bull ,div9am ,psalmodiam1 issu$ to promulgate ! correct$ hymns4 ,x f\nd a place 9 all copies ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y 9 ! la/ c5tury4 ,to c>ry out ! corrections outl9$ by ! ,pope1 f\r ,jesuits 7 appo9t$1 & :e!r ! result ( ! corrections is ! ,pope's or ! ,jesuits' is a highly & hotly disput$ po9t4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! task set to ! ,jesuits 0 a v difficult "o1 & "o dem&+ mu* prud5ce z well z le>n+4 ,x may seem to u t to beg9 ! correction1 mutilation & recon/ruction ( ! works & words ( m5 s great 9 *ur* hi/ory & liturgy z ,prud5tius1 ,s$ulius1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,paul9us1 0 a "w ( ra%ness1 a sort ( sacrilege1 attempt+ to remodel ! gl[+ piety ( _! poems to ! patt]n ( ,horace's v]se4 ,b ! ,jesuits _h got _! comm&s & !y 7 b\nd to obey4 ,!y 7 *os5 on acc\nt ( _! classical s*ol>%ip1 :i* 0 kept %>p by _! daily tea*+ 9 college1 & !y 7 specially b\nd by a v[ ( loyal ob$i5ce to ,papal ord]s4 ,x is only fair to give !m ! cr$it t out ( respect = ! wi%es ( ,urban ,,viii1 !y treat$ ^! anci5t compositions ) extreme res]ve &1 :ile !y made "s impressions cle>]1 !y ma9ta9$ ! primitive unction 9 a l>ge numb] ( passages 7,baudot1 op4 cit41 p4 #ahe74 ,!y correct$ m ?an n9e hundr$ false quantities f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh ! ,brevi>y1 #eh 9 ! psalt] p] hebdomadam1 #cei 9 ! prop] de ,tempore1 #bhc 9 ! prop] ( ,sa9ts1 & #beb 9 ! common ( ,sa9ts4 ,!y *ang$ ! op5+ words ( m ?an ?irty hymns4 ,"s hymns 7 unt\*$--e4g41 ! ?ree hymns ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 ! ,ave ,m>is ,/ella1 :i* is rhy?mic prose1 n v]se1 & ! hymn ( ! ,angels1 :i* 0 suffici5tly p]fect4 ,! metre ( ?ree hymns1 ,tibi ,*ri/e spl5dor ,patris1 & ! ,urbs ,j]usalem & ,angul>is fundam5tum 7 *ang$4 ,! ,jesuits h be5 c5sur$ v bitt]ly = _! "w ( correction4 ,p]haps !y m]it$ "s c5sure1 b surely !y did n m]it ! c5sures heap$ on !m by ho/ile critics l ,?i]s1 ,h5ri ,valois1 & ! ,franciscan1 ,cavalli4 ,!y answ]$ _! critics spl5didly & triumphantly by ! works ( ,fa!r ,arevalo1 ,s4,j4 ,b ! wordy w> la/s to ! pres5t day4 ,/ud5ts :o wi% to see ! unrevis$ & ! revis$ hymnal ( ,urban ,,viii4 may consult ,daniel's ,!saurus hymnologicus = examples4 ,o!r examples are giv5 9 ,monsignor ,battifol's "w1 & o!rs 9 ,dom ,baudot's4 ,if ! read] read 9 ! ,brevi>y1 ! hymn ,te lucis ante t]m9um1 he may note a diff]5ce 9 t1 ! revis$ =m1 & ?is1 ! unrevis$3-- ,te lucis ante t]m9um1 ,r]um ,creator poscimus1 ,ut solita clem5tia ,sis praesul ad cu/odiam4 ,prae/a pat] omnipot5s ,p] ,jesum ,*ri/um ,dom9um ,qui tecum 9 p]petuum regnat ,cum ,sancto ,spiritu ,aga91 see ,lauds = ,passion ,sunday1 ,lu/ra sex1 second v]se1 unrevis$ reads3-- ,hic acetum fel arundo ,sputa clavi lancea ,mite corpus p]=ator ,sanguis unda pr(luit ,t]ra1 pontus1 a/ra1 mundus ,quo lavantur flum9e4 ,i/e ,confessor1 unrevis$ reads3-- ,i/e confessor dom9i sacratus ,fe/a plebs cujus celebrat p] orbem ,hodie laetus m]uit secreta ,sc&]e coeli4 ,qui ,pius1 prud5s humilis judicus1 ,sobrius1 ca/us fuit et quietus ,vita dum praes5s vegetavit ejus ,corporis artus4 ,! imitation ( ,brevi>y hymns has = c5turies =m$ a notable "p ( sacr$ ,lat9 poetry4 ,a great am\nt ( ,lat9 poetry deal+ ) sacr$ !mes f9ds no place 9 ,missal or ,brevi>y4 ,e nation has anci5t ,lat9 hymns1 g5]ally modell$ on ! !n exi/+ liturgical models2 & ^! hymns are f\nd 9 national hymnals & 9 works deal+ ) ,*ri/ian antiquities1 b !y f9d no place 9 mod]n liturgy4 ,?us ! ,lat9 poetry ( ! anci5t ,iri% ,*ur* is =m$ = private & n *oral use4 ,! olde/ purely rhy?mical ,lat9 hymn is t ( ,/4 ,se*nall 7#addh71 ,audite omnes amantes ,deum1 sancta m]ita4 ,b nei!r x1 nor any o!r ( ! old ,lat9 hymns by ,iri% writ]s1 f9ds place 9 ! ,brevi>y4 ,collections ( ,lat9 hymns by ,iri% writ]s ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ,irel& are to be f\nd 9 ,todd's ,book ( ,hymns ( ! ,anci5t ,iri% ,*ur* 7,dubl91 #ahhe-ahia72 ! ,iri% ,lib] ,hymnorum 7,london1 #ahih71 ! ,antiphon>y ( ,bangor 7,w>r5's ,edition1 ,london1 #ahic74 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult works = a s*ol> to attempt & to c>ry out to 8 satisfaction is ! translation ( prose or poetry into ano!r language4 ,! "w ( translat+ ! ,lat9 ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y into ,engli% 0 attempt$ & complet$ ye>s ago4 ,! "w 0 great & cr$itable1 b n r5[n$ z a feat ( translation4 ,! hymns ( ! ,brevi>y h be5 translat$ by sev]al au?ors 9 e c\ntry ( ,*ri/5dom1 & ) diff]5t degrees ( success4 ,! /udy ( ! ,brevi>y hymns is a highly int]e/+ "o1 & :5 x is support$ by ! diff]5t ef=ts ( diff]5t translators1 x yields new delights1 & new beauties are discov]$ 9 v]ses :i* are sometimes said too rapidly = e>ne/ ?\ght & att5tion4 ,9 ! li/ ( books giv5 9 ! bibliography bel[1 !re are giv5 ! names ( books ( translat$ hymns4 ,any "o ( !m is ( great int]e/4 ,,note ,b4 ,,p>ticul> ,,exam5 ,,on ,,! ,,recitation ,,( ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice4 ,i4 ,h[ prep>ation = say+ ! ,h\rs is to be made3-- 7a7 ,h we be=e comm5c+ to recite ! ,brevi>y made a f]v5t act ( fai? 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god & 9 ! sov]eign maje/y ( ,him to ,:om we are go+ to speak8 ,h we endeav\r$ to purify our he>ts by an act ( contrition1 9 ord] t we may escape ! t]rible reproa* :i* ,god addresses to ! s9n]--to ! s9n] ,god ha? said1 ',:y do/ ?\ decl>e my ju/ices & take away cov5ant 9 ?y m\?8' 7,psalm #di1 v4#af78 ,h we tak5 p>ticul> c>e to cle> (f f our s\ls ev]y?+ :i* c di/ract u1 & above all o!rs ^! ?+s to :i* we are attract$ & to :i* our m9ds may return dur+ our pray]8 ,ante debes fac]e quod ait propheta3 scopebam spiritum meum donec incalescat spiritus tuus ex devota m$itatione et affectum et desid]ium concipiat 7,d4 ,g]h>d ,zutp4 de spir4 ,asc5474 ,/udeat oratione devota et recollectione animi int]na div9um praev5ire (ficium 7,/4 ,bona4 spec1 di41 p4#b1 c4#g74 ,h we recollect$ ourselves & rema9$ sil5t = a "t1 p>ticul>ly :5 pass+ f /udy or f a secul> bus9ess1 9 ord] to bani% va9 or worldly ?\ghts1 & to make ourselves ready to receive ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,h we unit$ ourselves to ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! p]fect praise ( ,god1 ! ,fa!r8 ,h we unit$ ourselves 9 _s to ! ,*ur*1 9 ^: "n we are go+ to praise ,god8 ,9 unione orationum ac m]itorum ,*ri/i ,jesu gratiam ad (ficium debite p]solv5dum petat 7,/4 ,bona4 ibid47 ,h we begg$ ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! int]cession ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ! sa9ts1 ^: (fices we read1 t we may be all[$ to jo9 our praises to ^? :i* !y give ,god8 ,h we always =m$ int5tions g5]al & p>ticul>1 n =gett+ to =m int5tions embrac+ ! int5tions ( ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*8 ,h we adopt$ "s pi\s ?\ght prior to our read+1 s t di/ractions may be exclud$ & f]v\r fo/]$ dur+ our recitation8 ,h we *os5 suitable "t & place to pray8 ,h we tak5 pa9s to m>k ! places 9 ! ,brevi>y & look$ ov] ! rubrics8 ,has n neglig5ce 9 ^! matt]s caus$ innum]able di/ractions8 ,,ii4 ,dispositions :i* we %\ld h 9 say+ ! ,(fice3-- ,let u f9d out ) :at dispositions we recite ! ,div9e ,(fice1 & if we say x 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,*ur* wi%es x to be said1 digne1 att5te1 ac devote4 7,orat4 rec4 ante (fic474 #a4 ,h we consid]$ well t ,god is pres5t & t we speak to ,him8 ,d we look on ourselves z in/rum5ts :i* ne$ to be animat$ ) ,god's holy _s 9 ord] to bless ,8 holy "n8 ,h we said ! ,(fice ) all ! respect & all ! v5]ation :i* ,8 almighty maje/y calls =8 ,cum timore et humilitate1 tanquam ,deo visibilit] pres5te1 psallant 7,s4 ,bona1 spec1 discip41 p4 #a1 c4 #ae74 #b4 ,9 ord] to say x att5tively h we tak5 great pa9s to put away all k9ds ( di/ractions8 ,munda cor meum ab omnibus vanis p]v]sis et ali5is cogitationibus 7ibid474 ,h we reject$ ev5 good ?\ghts :i* 7 unsuitable = ! "t ( recitation1 & above all h we bani%$ idle or indiff]5t ones8 ,h we tri$1 foll[+ ! example ( ! sa9ts1 to excite 9 ourselves ! diff]5t s5tim5ts express$ by ! ,psalms1 or to dwell on "s p]fection ( ,god1 or on "s my/]y ( our ,"l1 or on "s virtue ( ! sa9t ^: (fice we read8 ,h we pi\sly dwelt on ^!1 or on "s o!r subject prop] to ! ,*ur*'s season or accord+ to our ne$s8 ,si orat psalmus1 orate2 si gemit1 gemite2 si gratulatur1 gaudete2 si timet1 timete 7,/4 ,aug4 9 ,ps4 #cj74 ,9 ord] to say ! ,(fice dev\tly1 h we said x ) love1 hav+ our he>ts & s\ls fully alive to ! advantages & ! excell5ce & ! beauties ( ! ,div9e ,(fice8 ,h we said x ) f]v\r1 ab&on+ ourselves to a good emotion1 to holy affections1 & to joy\s transports1 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ usually works 9 f]v5t s\ls8 ,h we done ?is "w ) joy1 tak+ a peculi> pleasure 9 ?is holy lab\r1 recognis+ ! great hon\r x is to be a p>tak] 9 ! songs ( praise (f]$ to ,god by ! heav5ly company1 ^: ho/s are fill$ ) ,8 glory8 ,,iii4 ,h[ we mu/ keep wat* ov] ourselves 9 read+ ! ,(fice3-- ,let u exam9e ourselves to f9d out if 9 read+ ! ,brevi>y we keep ! rules ( good recitation1 z laid d[n by ! sa9ts--,di/9cte1 integre1 cont9ue1 rev]5t]1 ord9ate 7,/4 ,bonav41 spec4 discip4 p4 #a1 c4 #af74 #a4 ,di/9cte1 ,d we recite di/9ctly1 obs]v+ ! ord9>y pause at ! middle & at ! end ( ea* v]se1 n hurry+ ! "o on ! o!r8 ,d we articulate e ^w1 n adopt+ a c>eless or too spe$y pronunciation8 ,non 9 gutture vel int] d5tes1 seu degluti5do et syncop&o dictiones vel v]ba 7,con4 ,basil1 sess4 #bb74 #b4 ,integre4 ,d we say ! ,(fice 9 its entirety1 be+ scrupul\sly c>eful n to omit ! smalle/ "p1 & tak+ great c>e t a "p t we %\ld wi% or try to say by he>t %all n slip out ( our recitation altoge!r or be mutilat$8 ,integre1 ut de dic5dis nihil omittant 7,/4 ,bona41 spec1 discip41 p4 #a74 #c4 ,cont9ue4 ,d we say our ,h\rs )\t int]ruption8 ,d we love ?is holy ex]cise8 ,or d we easily int]rupt our pray] on any trifl+ pretext1 & on ! fir/ opportunity8 ,int]ruptiones 9 eo non fiant1 nisi urg5te necessitate 7ibid474 #d4 ,ord9ate4 ,d we say our ,(fice ) ord]1 t is1 ord] bo? 9 sub/ance 7n sub/itut+ "o ,(fice = ano!r7 & 9 mann]1 accord+ to ! rubrics arrang+ ! sev]al h\rs8 ,ord9ate 9 sub/antia1 tempore et modo 7,/4 ,bona4 spec41 ibid474 #e4 ,h we said our ,h\rs pi\sly1 ) all ! mode/y & all ! rev]5ce :i* s holy an action dem&s8 ,) becom+ attitude1 n ly+ prone1 n cross+ our legs2 )\t salut+ or speak+ to ^? pass+ by8 ,9 (ficio cur&o magnop]e rev]5tia et hone/as1 cum ubique sit eadem cui tune loquimur et ad/amus ,deitas et maje/as 7ibid474 7,f ,exam5s ,p>ticul]s sur l',(fice ,div91 p> ,m4 ,tronson74 ,,note ,c4 ,,bibliography4 ,prie/s are provid$ 9 _! text-books ( ,college days ) reliable guides deal+ directly & indirectly ) liturgy4 ,h5ce1 "s ( ! books quot$ "h may already be fav\rites ) _m read]s2 b1 p]haps1 "s books 9 ! li/ may be br\ght to ! notice ( /ud5ts ( liturgy = ! fir/ "t1 & may be useful 9 introduc+ prie/s & *ur* /ud5ts to easy1 pleasant pa?s 9 liturgical /udies4 ,! prices quot$ may be useful to book-buy]s1 #a4 ,dom ,gu]ang]1 ,! ,liturgical ,ye> 7#ahie1 ,duffy1 ,dubl91 #af vols4 #c #is47--,?is "w is a fav\rite ) all lov]s ( liturgy1 ,x /udies & comm5ts on ! ,*ur*'s liturgy day by day1 week by week4 ,x gives read]s ( ! ,missal & ! ,brevi>y a new int]e/ & an additional f]v\r 9 _! daily pray]s4 ,x is a /&>d "w & holds its own wond]fully aga9/ all competitors4 #b4 ,c\rs ,de ,liturgie ,roma9e ,le ,brevi>e1 ,l'abbe ,b]n>d1 ,sulpician 7,p>is4 #ahhg1 #b vols1 #g francs74 ,?is is a text-book writt5 ) great c>e1 %[+ f9e s*ol>%ip & deep piety4 ,x is ! "w ( a skill$ tea*]4 #c4 ,le ,brevi>e ,roma91 ,comm5te p> ,l'abbe ,maug]e4 ,p>is4 #ahhg1 #f francs4--,a v concise & useful "w1 :i* ,i h us$ (t5 9 compil+ my book4 #d4 ,! articles 9 ! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia1 on ! ,brevi>y & liturgy g5]ally4 #e4 ,du*esne1 ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip 7,london4 #aijd4 #ajs474 ,v readable & s]viceable to /ud5ts ( e>ly ,*ur* hi/ory4 #f4 ,battifol1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y4 7,london1 #aiab4 #aes47 #g4 ,biron-,baum]1 ,hi/oire du ,breviaire4 7,p>is4 #b vols4 #aa francs47 #h4 ,baudot1 ,! ,roman ,brevi>y 7,london4 ,ca?4 ,tru? ,society4 ,price #ds4#f;d47 ,monsignor ,battifol's book is well & fav\rably kn[n4 ,x is 9 ,engli%1 & has _h a l>ge circulation4 ,x receiv$ se>*+ & sev]e criticism f ,dom ,baum]1 ! au?or ( ,ges*i*te des ,brevi]s4 ,baum]'s "w 7translat$ into ,fr5* by ,biron7 is a "w %[+ wond]ful indu/ry1 le>n+ & critical acum54 ,! great ,g]man ,b5$ict9e 0 aid$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( 8 "w by ,mr4 ,e4 ,bi%op1 ! ,engli% liturgiologi/1 :o int5d$ to translate ! "w into ,engli%4 ,dom ,baudot's book gives 9 concise =m ! results ( ! lab\rs ( ,battifol & ,baum]4 ,! book is readable1 accurate1 & is excell5t value = ! price4 #i4 ,! ,cal5d>4 ,! introductory matt] giv5 9 ! ,brevi>y suffices = ! wants ( ! ord9>y /ud5t ( liturgy4 ,b ^? :o wi% = an exhau/ive /udy ( times & seasons may safely read ,kal5d>ium ,manuale1 ,p>s ,i4 ,fe/a immobilia1 ,editio secunda2 price #i lire2 & ,p>s4 ,,ii4 ,fe/a ,mobilia1 price #ac lire1 by ,rev4 ,n4 ,nilles1 ,s4,j4 ,cal5d> /udy is highly int]e/+1 & ! articles 9 ! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia & ,fa!r ,?ur/on's articles 9 ! ,mon? on ,cal5d> affairs are always in/ructive4 ,! ,new ,psalt] 7,my]s & ,burton4 ,london4 #aiae4 #cs4#f;d47 is a v useful & practical help to ! und]/&+ & application ( ! new rubrics4 ,i h quot$ sev]al times f its pages1 ,heortology1 a ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,fe/ivals f _! ,orig9 to ! ,pres5t ,day1 by ,dr4 ,kelln]1 ,pr(essor ( ,ca?olic ,!ology 9 ,bonn1 is a translation ( a text-book writt5 = ,g]man /ud5ts prep>+ to pass ,gov]nm5t exam9ations4 ,x is a f9e book1 & if a /ud5t ( liturgy knew its cont5ts well he w\ld h no poor k ( ?is &1 incid5tally1 ( o!r que/ions ( liturgy4 ,gu]ang]1 ,du*esne & ,kelln] con/itute ! beg9n+s ( a /ud5t's liturgical libr>y 7,london1 ,keegan1 ,paul4 #aijh4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d474 ,an excell5t little volume by ,fa!r ,mc,kee1 deal+ ) ! same subject1 is publi%$ by ,ca?olic ,tru? ,society1 ,london1 #bs1 #f;d4 ,x is introductory & elem5t>y4 #aj4 ,?\s&s ( works on ! ,psalms h be5 publi%$4 ,b any prie/ or /ud5t :o /udies ,/e5ki/e's "w on ! ,psalms le>ns ne>ly all t is ne$$ to recite 8 psalms digne1 att5te ac devote4 ,8 "w is a m9e ( useful1 pi\s1 &1 9 ! ma91 accurate comm5t on ! inspir$ text4 ,brevi>y /ud5ts /udy+ ?is comm5t>y ne$ little else to help !m to admire1 to und]/& & to use _! psalmody 9 a pray]ful mann]4 ,/e5ki/e1 ,lib] ,psalmorum 7#c vols1 ,bruges4 #ahhf4 ,price #aes474 ,! ,new ,psalt] ( ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 by ,fillon1 ,s4,s4 7,london1 ,h]d]4 #aiae4 ,price #fs474 ,fa!r ,fillon 0 consultor to ! ,biblical ,commission4 ,8 notes are %ort & useful to ^? :o1 hav+ /udi$ ! psalms1 c recall _! mean+ by a few brief h9ts4 ,its comm5ts are too brief1 b x gives ! ,lat9 text1 ,engli% translation1 notes on psalms & newly add$ canticles1 & is arrang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y /& 9 ! ,pian psalt]y4 ,s+ ,ye to ! ,"l1 by ,rev4 ,r4 ,eaton 7,london1 ,ca?olic ,tru? ,society4 #b vols4 #ds4 ea*74 ,9 ^! books ! lead+ idea or ideas ( ! ,psalms are tak5 up1 & beautiful explanations & spiritual read+s giv54 ,! books are delightful read+1 & give ,brevi>y read]s1 old & "y1 fre% ?\ghts on psalms :i* ?r\gh famili>ity & con/ant repetition may h lo/ "s ( _! pi\s mean+ & pray]fulness4 ,books ( ,scripture comm5t>y by non-,ca?olic writ]s %\ld be read ) caution1 & (t5 ecclesia/ical p]mission = _! p]usal mu/ be s\ght4 ,neale & ,littl$ale's ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms 7#f vols4 ,london4 #ahfg7 is a compilation by two ,anglican s*ol>s1 f ! comm5tators ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! wond]ful piety ( ^! m5 ( old1 sa9ts & s*ol>s1 _! beautiful comm5ts1 _! gl[+ f]v\r1 & above all _! k & love ( ! ,bible text1 surprise u all4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 ^! m$iaevali/s run into f>-fet*$1 outl&i% comm5ts1 b ! compil]s give always ! comm5ts ( ! ,ma/]s1 ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/4 ,b$e1 etc4 ,v _m metrical arrangem5ts ( ! ,psalms by non-,ca?olic au?ors exi/ 9 ,engli%4 ,mo/ ( ^! metrical ef=ts are v poor1 unreliable 9 giv+ ! s5se1 & awkw>d & unga9ly 9 poetic =ms4 ,an int]e/+ book is ,pro!ro's ,psalms 9 ,human ,life4 ,! au?or 0 a ,prote/ant1 h5ce 8 numb]+ ( ! ,psalms may at fir/ sight be confus+1 ,s]mons fre% & beautiful1 full ( unction1 & full ( texts1 sublime & practical1 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,psalms4 ,a "w1 little kn[n 9 our isl&s1 is ,monsignor ,d\blet's f9e "w1 ,psaumes etudies en vue de la ,pr$ication 7#c vols4 #h? ,edition4 #abs474 ,a *>m+ booklet1 deal+ *iefly ) ! ,psalms z pray]s1 is ,roll& ,gossel9's ,pri]es et ,m$itations bibliques 7,p>is4 #aiag4 ,bau*esne4 #cs474 #aj4 ,hymns4 ,imm5se lab\r has be5 devot$ to ! /udy ( ,lat9 sacr$ poetry4 ,! ,analecta ,hymnica 9 #fj huge volumes te/ifies to ! le>n+ & zeal ( its ,jesuit au?ors4 ,ord9>y mortals cont5t !mselves ) less] works1 su* z ,pimont's ,hymnes du ,brevi>e ,roma9 7,p>is ,p\ssielgne4 #b vols1 #ab-a_/b francs71 or ) ,la ,poesie du ,breviaire1 ,les ,hymns1 by l'abbe ,c4 ,alb94 ,price #f francs4 ,! op9ions & judgm5ts 9 nei!r book are infallible2 & "s ( ,pimont's f9d+s h be5 r\ghly criticis$ & sometimes reject$4 ,b bo? books give good1 s\nd k ( ,brevi>y hymns & ?us help to make _! recitation a pi\s & a rational ex]cise1 n a me*anical1 s\lless lab\r4 ,translation ( poetry has ev] be5 a /udy & a pa/ime4 ,e cl]ic is famili> ) ! prose translations :i* aid$ 8 boyhood's lab\rs 9 r5d]+ ! poetry ( ,horace & ,euripides into mod]n spee*4 ,b prose ef=ts are "o ?+1 & poetical ef=ts are ano!r1 & j z _m h lab\r$ to pres5t ,virgil & ,hom] 9 mod]n language1 9 metre1 9 rhyme1 9 rhy?m2 s1 _m poets & v]se-mak]s1 9 diff]5t ages & 9 diff]5t climes1 h lab\r$ to turn into mod]n poetic =m & into _! own national tongue ! poems ( ! ,brevi>y4 ,! ,brevi>y hymns h met ) sev]al good1 k9d1 translat+ poets2 b v (t5 !y h be5 rudely h&l$ by well-mean+ v]se build]s4 ,pass+ ov] 9 *>itable sil5ce ! indiff]5t ef=ts ( ^? p1 x may int]e/ "s /ud5ts ( ! ,brevi>y to read ! ef=ts ( well-kn[n au?ors to translate ! liturgy1 its an!ms1 responses1 collects1 hymns1 into good ,engli%4 7#a7 ,! ,day ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*4--,a translation ( ! ,horae ,diurnae1 ) ! psalms1 etc41 arrang$ accord+ to ! re=m ( ,pope ,pius ,x4 ,?is is a good book1 giv+ 9 p>allel columns on ! same page1 ,lat9 & ,engli% translations4 ,x includes ! v be/ hymn translations by ,ca?olic au?ors1 ,john ,dryd51 ,c>d9al ,newman1 ,fa!r ,caswall1 etc4 7,burns ,gates4 #hs474 ,?is book is int5d$ = ! use ( ! laity1 &1 ow+ to ! /rict regulations issu$ = ! pr9t+ ( ! new ,roman ,brevi>y1 ?is book may n lawfully be us$ to replace ! ,brevi>ium ,romanum4 ,b1 z x is a complete translation ( ! little ,h\rs ( ! ,*ur*1 x is a v useful aid to ! att5tive & dev\t recitation ( ! ,h\rs4 ,a look at its pages be=e ea* h\r's recitation1 or a glance to see ! mean+ ( "s v]se ( psalm or hymn w repay anyone4 ,x is a wond]fully c>eful production1 has a beautiful =mat1 & is good value at ! price m>k$4 7#b7 ,annus ,sanctus1 by ,orby ,%ipley 7,burns ,oates4 #ahhd74 ,?is book conta9s ! "w ( _m ,ca?olic translators1 & _! translations ( ,brevi>y hymns v>y 9 m]it4 ,x conta9s a good introduction1 ! translations attribut$ to ,dryd51 & x gives "s ?+s :i* are always int]e/+1 ! ef=ts ( sev]al m9ds1 poets & v]se-mak]s1 to r5d] ! same ,lat9 hymn into ,engli% v]se4 ,x includes v]ses f sev]al ,iri%m54 7#c7 ,hymns f ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 translat$ 7,ca?olic ,tru? ,society1 ,london4 ,price #as4 #f;d74 ,a good selection f ,ca?olic & non-,ca?olic translators4 ,! translations ( ,dr4 ,neale1 ,anglican--held to be sup]ior 9 fidelity & 9 poetic =m to t ( any ,engli% translator--are giv5 9 ?is booklet4 ,neale's ,collect$ ,hymns 7,hodd] ,/\ghton1 #fs47 are useful = translators & compos]s ( v]nacul> hymns4 ,b 8 "w is1 ,i ?9k1 ov]-rat$4 7#d7 ,o!r translations ( ,brevi>y hymns are f\nd 9 ! collections ( hymns us$ 9 ,anglican *ur*es3 ,hymns1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n2 ,! ,engli% ,hymnal2 ,! ,hymn] f ! ,s>um ,brevi>y 7,pla9-song & ,m$iaeval ,society1 ,london72 ,songs ( ,sion1 by ,woodw>d1 etc4 ,= advanc$ /udy ( liturgy1 ,dom ,cabrol's ,dictionaire ,d',ar*eologie ,*rieti5ne ,et ,liturgie 7,p>is3 ,let\zey et ,ane7 is indisp5sable4 ,its /udy delights & consoles ^? :o possess x4