,,the ,,warriors    ,,by ,,anna         
,,robertson ,,brown ,,lindsay ,,ph4,d4  
,,author ,,of    ,,what ,,is ,,worth    
,,while8  ,,culture ,,and ,,reform      
,,the ,,victory ,,of ,,our ,,faith      
,,preface    ,this work was begun nearly
 five years ago4 ,since then1 the whole 
face of  ,american history has changed4 
,we have had the ,spanish-,american     
,war1 and  the opening-up of our new    
possessions4 ,in this period of time    
,gladstone1  ,li ,hung ,chang1 and      
,queen ,victoria have died2 there has   
also occurred the  assassination of the 
,empress of ,austria and of ,president  
,mc,kinley4 ,there  has been the        
,chinese persecution1 the destruction of
 ,galveston by storm  and of ,martinique
 by volcanic action4 ,wireless          
telegraphy has been  discovered1 and the
 source of the spread of certain fevers4
 ,in this time  have been carried on    
gigantic engineering undertakings1--the 
,trans-,siberian ,railroad1 the         
,trans-,balkan ,railroad1 the rebuilding

 of  ,new ,york4 ,we have also looked   
upon the consolidation of vast forces of
  steel1 iron1 sugar1 shipping1 and     
other trusts4 ,we have witnessed an     
extraordinary growth of universities1   
libraries1 and higher  schools1--the    
widespread increase of commerce1 the    
prosperity of  business1 the rise in the
 price of food1 and the great           
coal-strike of  #aijb4 ,perhaps never   
before in the world's history have there
 been  crowded into five years such     
dramatic occurrences on the world-stage1
  nor such large opportunities for the  
individual man or woman4    ,it is      
interesting for me to notice that since 
the first outlines of the  book were    
written1 many things then set down as   
prophecy have now been  fulfilled4 ,it  
was my purpose1 in projecting the essays
 at what seemed  to me to be the dawn of
 a great religious era1 to help the     
onward  movement by a few earnest words4
 ,history itself has swept the world far
  beyond one's dreams1 and in completing

 them1 ,i only ask that they may  stand 
a further witness to the overwhelming   
majesty and influence of the  ,christian
 faith4    ,,anna ,,robertson ,,brown   
,,lindsay    ,philadelphia1 ,november   
#ast1 #aijb          ,,table ,,of       
,,contents      ,i4 ,,chords ,,of       
,,awakening3       ,,the ,,higher       
,,conquest     ,,ii4 ,,prelude3         
,,the ,,call ,,of ,,jesus    ,,iii4     
,,processional3       ,,the ,,church    
,,of ,,god     ,,iv4 ,,the              
,,world-,,march3       ,,of ,,kings     
,,of ,,prelates ,,and ,,evangelists     
,,of ,,sages       ,,of ,,traders       
,,of ,,workers          ,i4 ,,chords    
,,of ,,awakening3 ,,the ,,higher        
,,conquest         ,,cutler         ,the
 ,son of ,god goes forth to war1        
,a kingly crown to gain3       ,his     
blood-red banner streams afar3          
,who follows in ,his train8         ,who
 best can drink his cup of woe1         
,triumphant over pain2       ,who       
patient bears his cross below1          

,he follows in ,his train6         ,they
 met the tyrant's brandished steel1     
,the lions gory mane2       ,they bowed 
their necks the death to feel3          
,who follows in their train8            
,they climbed the steep ascent of heaven
             ,through peril1 toil1 and  
pain3       ,o ,god1 to us may grace be 
given             ,to follow in their   
train6         ,,reginald ,,heber       
,the universe is not awry4 ,fate and man
 are not altogether at odds4 ,yet  there
 is a perpetual combat going on between 
man and nature1 and between  the power  
of character and the tyranny of         
circumstance1 death1 and sin4  ,the     
great soul is tossed into the midst of  
the strife1 the longing1 and  the       
aspirations of the world4 ,he rises     
,victor who is triumphant in some  great
 experience of the race4    ,the first  
energy is combative3 the ,warrior is the
 primitive hero4 ,there  are natures to 
whom mere combat is a joy4 ,strife is   
the atmosphere in  which they find their

 finest physical and spiritual          
development4 ,in the  early times1 there
 must have been those who stood apart   
from their  tribesmen in contests of    
pure athletic skill1--in running1       
jumping1  leaping1 wrestling1 in laying 
on thew and thigh with arm1 hand1 and   
curled fist in sheer delight of action1 
and of the display of strength4  ,as    
foes arose1 these athletes of the tribe 
or clan would be the first to  rush     
forth to slay the wild beast1 to brave  
the sea and storm1 or to  wreak         
vengeance on assailing tribes4 ,their   
valor was their insignia4  ,their       
prowess ranked them4 ,their exultation  
was in their freedom  and strength4     
,such men did not ask a life of ease4   
,like ,tortulf the ,forester1 they      
learned how to strike the foe1 to sleep 
on the bare ground1 to bear  hunger and 
toil1 summer's heat and winter's        
frost1--how to fear nothing  but        
ill-fame4 ,they courted danger1 and     
asked only to stand as ,victors  at the 

last4    ,hence we read of old-world    
warriors1--of ,gog and ,magog and the   
,kings of  ,bashan2 of the sons of      
,anak2 of ,hercules1 with his lion-skin 
and club2  of ,bewulf1 who1 dragging the
 sea-monster from her lair1 plunged     
beneath  the drift of sea-foam and the  
flame of dragon-breath1 and met the     
clutch  of dragon-teeth4 ,we read of    
,turpin1 ,oliver1 and ,roland1--the     
sweepers-off of twenty heads at a single
 blow2 of ,arthur1 who slew  ,ritho1    
whose mantle was furred with the beards 
of kings2 of ,theodoric  and            
,charlemagne1 and of ,richard of the    
,lion-heart4    ,there are also ,victors
 in the great ,quests of the world1--the
 ,argonauts1  ,helena in search of the  
,holy ,rood1 the ,knights of the ,holy  
,grail1 the  ,pilgrim ,fathers4 ,there  
are the ,victors in the intellectual    
wrestlings of  the world1--the thinkers1
 poets1 sages2 the ,victors in great    
sorrows1  who conquer the savage pain of
 heart and desolation of spirit which   

arise from heroic human grief1--,oedipus
 and ,antigone1 ,iphigenia1  ,perseus1  
,prometheus1 ,king ,lear1 ,samson       
,agonistes1 ,job1 and ,david in his     
penitential psalm4 ,and there are the   
,victors in the yet deeper strivings  of
 the soul--in its inner battles and     
spiritual conquests--,milton's  ,adam1  
,paracelsus1 ,dante1 the soul in ,the   
,palace of ,art1 ,abt ,vogler1  ,isaiah1
 ,teufelsdrckh1 ,paul4 ,to read of such 
men and women is to be  thrilled by the 
,titanic possibilities of the soul of   
man6    ,the world has come into other  
and greater battle-days4 ,this is an era
 of  great spiritual conflicts1 and of  
great triumphs4 ,to-day faith calls the 
soul of man to arms4 ,it is a clarion to
 awake1 to put on strength1 and  to go  
forth to ,holy ,war4 ,if there were no  
fighting work in the ,christian  life1  
much of the intense energy and interest 
of the race would be  unaroused4 ,there 
are apathetic natures who do not want to
 undertake the  difficult1--sluggish    

souls who would rather not stir from    
their present  position4 ,and there are 
cowards who run to cover4 ,but there is 
in all strong natures the primitive     
combative instinct1--the                
let-us-see-which-is-the-stronger1 which 
delights in contests1 which is          
undismayed by opposition1 and which     
grows firmer through the warfare  of the
 soul4    ,it is this phase of the      
,christian life which is most needed    
to-day1--the  warrior-spirit1 the       
all-conquering soul4 ,in entering the   
,christian life1  one must put out of   
his heart the expectation that it is to 
be an easy  life1 or one removed from   
toil and danger4 ,it is preminently the 
adventurous life of the world1--that in 
which the most happens1 as well  as that
 in which the spiritual possibilities   
are the greatest4 ,it is a  life full of
 splendor1 of excitement1 of trial1 of  
tests of courage and  endurance1 and is 
meant to appeal to those who are the    
very bravest  and the best4    ,there   

are two forms of conquest to which the  
soul of man is called--the  inner and   
the outer4 ,the inner is the conquest of
 the evil within his  own nature2 the   
outer is the struggle against the evil  
forces of the  world--the constructive  
task of building up1 under warring      
conditions1  the spiritual kingdom of   
,god4    ,the real world is far more    
subtle than we as yet understand4 ,when 
we  dive down into the deep1 sky and air
 and houses disappear4 ,we enter a  new 
world--the under-world of water1 and    
things that glide and swim2 of          
sea-grasses and currents2 of flowing    
waves that lap about the body with  a   
cool chill2 of palpitating color1 that1 
at great depths1 becomes a  sort of     
darkness2 of sea-beds of shell and sand1
 and bits of scattered  wreckage2 of    
ooze and tangled sea-plants1 dusky      
shapes1 and  fan-like fins4    ,or if we
 look upward we reach an over-world1    
where moons and suns are  circling in   
the heights4 ,what draws them together8 

,what keeps a subtle  distance between  
them1 which they never cross8 ,how do   
they1 age after  age1 run a predestined 
course8 ,we drop a stone4 ,what binds it
 earthward8  ,under our feet run        
magnetic currents that flow from pole to
 pole4 ,in the  clouds above1 there are 
electric vibrations which cannot be     
described  in exact terms4    ,thus     
also1 in spiritual experiences1 there   
are currents which we cannot  measure or
 describe4 ,the psychic world is the    
final world1 though its  towers and     
pinnacles no eye hath seen4 ,if we try  
to shut out for an hour  the outer      
world1 and descend into the soul-world  
of the life of man1 we  find ourselves  
in a new environment1 and with an       
outlook over new forms  and powers4 ,we 
find ourselves in a world of images and 
attractions1 of  impulses and desires1  
of instincts and attainments4 ,it is not
 only a  world of separate and          
individual souls1 but each soul is as a 
thousand2  for within each man there is 

an inner host contending for mastery1   
and  everywhere is the uproar of battle 
and of spiritual strife4    ,what is the
 ,self that abides in each man8 ,is it  
not the consciousness of  existence1    
together with a consciousness of the    
power of choice8 ,our  individuality    
lies in the fact that we can decide1    
choose1 and rule  among the various     
contestant impulses of our souls4       
,herein is the  possibility of victory  
and also the possibility of defeat4     
,looking inward1 we find that ,self     
began when man began4 ,we inherit our   
dispositions from ,adam1 as well as from
 our parents and a long ancestral  line4
 ,when the first men and women were     
created1 forces were set in  action     
which have resulted in this ,me that    
to-day thinks and wills and  loves4     
,heredity includes savagery and culture1
 health and disease1  empire and        
serfdom1 hope and despair4 ,each man can
 say3 ,in me rise  impulses that ran    
riot in the veins of ,anak1 that        

belonged to ,libyan  slaves and to the  
,ptolemaic line4 ,i am ,aryan and       
,semite1 ,roman and  ,teuton3 alike ,i  
have known the galley and the palm-set  
court of kings4  ,under a thousand      
shifting generations1 there was rising  
the combination  that ,i to-day am4 ,in 
me culminates1 for my life's day1 human 
history  until now4    ,individuality is
 thus a unique selection and arrangement
 of what has  been1 touched with        
something--a degree of life--that has   
not been  before4 ,to rise above        
heredity is to rise above the downward  
drag of all  the years4 ,it is not      
escaping the special sin of one         
ancestor1 but the  sin of all ancestors4
 ,this is the first problem that is set 
before each  man3 to rise above his     
race--to be the culmination of virtue   
until now4    ,the second problem is not
 greater1 but different4 ,it is to mould
  environment to spiritual uses4 ,the   
conditions of this struggle and the     
opportunities of this conquest are the  

content of this book4 ,it is meant  to  
deal with the more heroic aspects of the
 ,christian life4    ,what is           
environment8 ,is it the material horizon
 that bounds us8 ,if so1  where does it 
end8 ,our first environment is a crib1 a
 room1 our mother's  eyes4 ,sensations  
of hunger1 heat1 and motion beat upon   
the baby-brain2  there is a vague murmur
 of sound in the baby-ears4 ,yet it is  
this babe  who1 in after days1 has all  
the universe for his soul's demesne6    
,his  environment stretches out to towns
 and rivers1 shore and sea4 ,looking    
upward into space1 he can view a star   
whose distance is a thousand times  ten 
thousand miles4 ,beyond the path of his 
feet or of his sight1 there  is the path
 of thought1 which leads him into new   
countries1 new climes1  new years6 ,his 
meditations are upon ages gone2 his work
 competes with  that of the dead4 ,in   
his reveries and imaginings1 he can     
transport  himself anywhither1 and can  
commune with any friend or god4 ,hence  

to be  master of one's environment is   
really to have the universe within      
one's grasp4    ,we are too much afraid 
of customs and traditions4 ,we are put  
into our  times1 not that the times may 
mould us1 but that we may mould the     
times6  ,ways8 ,customs8 ,they exist to 
be changed6 ,the tempora and the mores  
should be plastic to our touch4 ,the    
times are never level with our best4    
,our souls are higher than the          
,zeitgeist4 ,why should we cringe before
  an inferior essence or command8 ,but  
society seals our lips3 we walk  about  
with frozen tongues4    ,each asks      
himself at some time3 ,how shall ,i     
become one of the ,victors of  the race8
 ,is it in me8 ,mankind is weighted by  
every previous sin4 ,where  am ,i free8 
,how am ,i free8 ,can ,i do as ,i       
choose8 ,or are there bourns of  conduct
 beyond which ,i can never go8 ,am ,i   
foreordained to sin8 ,do the  stars in  
their courses lay limitations on free   
will8    ,there are in man two forces   

working3 a human longing after ,god1    
and1 in  response1 ,god inly working in 
the soul4 ,the ,victor is he who1 in his
 own  life1 unites these two things3 a  
great longing after the god-like1 which 
makes him yearn for virtue1--and the    
divine power within him1 through  which 
and by which he is triumphant over time 
and death and sin4    ,whatever our     
trials1 sorrows1 or temptations1 joy and
 courage are ever  meant to be in the   
ascendant2 life1 however it may break in
 storms upon  us1 is not meant to beat  
down our souls4 ,unless we are          
triumphant1 we  are not wholly useful or
 well trained4 ,will and heart together 
work  for victory4    ,as there flashes 
and thrills through all nature a subtle 
electric  vibration which is the supreme
 form of physical energy1 so there runs 
through the history of mankind a current
 of spiritual inspiration and  power4   
,to possess this magnetism of soul1 this
 heroism of life1 this  flame-like      
flower of character1 is to be ,victor in

 the great combats of  the race4 ,it is 
the spirit of courage1 energy1 and love4
 ,nothing is too  hard for it1 nothing  
too distasteful1 nothing too            
insignificant4 ,through  all the course 
of duty it spurs one to do one's best4  
,its essence is to  overcome4 ,this is  
the indwelling ,holy ,spirit1 wherein is
 freedom1 power1  and rest4 ,to its     
final triumph all things are accessory4 
,to joy1 all  powers converge4          
,,ii4 ,,prelude3 ,,the ,,call ,,of      
,,jesus         ,,vox ,,dilecti         
,i heard the voice of ,jesus say        
,come unto ,me and rest2       ,lay     
down1 thou weary one1 lay down          
,thy head upon ,my breast4       ,i came
 to ,jesus as ,i was1         ,weary and
 worn and sad2       ,i found in ,him a 
resting-place1         ,and ,he has made
 me glad4         ,i heard the voice of 
,jesus say         ,behold ,i freely    
give       ,the living water2 thirsty   
one1         ,stoop down and drink1 and 
live4       ,i came to ,jesus1 and ,i   

drank         ,of that life-giving      
stream2       ,my thirst was quenched1  
my soul revived1         ,and now ,i    
live in ,him4         ,i heard the voice
 of ,jesus say         ,i am this dark  
world's light2       ,look unto ,me1 thy
 morn shall rise1         ,and all thy  
day be bright4       ,i looked to       
,jesus1 and ,i found         ,in ,him my
 star1 my sun2       ,and in that light 
of life ,i'll walk1         ,till       
travelling days are done4               
,,horatius ,,bonar    ,it is a world of 
voices in which we live4 ,we are daily  
visited by  appeals which are           
ministering to our growth and progress1 
or which are  tending to our spiritual  
downfall4 ,there are the voices of      
nature1 in  sky1 and sea1 and storm2 the
 voices of childhood and of early youth2
 the  voices of playfellows and         
companions1--voices long stilled1 it may
 be1  in death2 the voices of lover and 
beloved2 the voices of ambition1 of     
sorrow1 of aspiration1 and of joy4      

,but among all these many voices1 there 
is one which is most inspiring  and     
supreme4 ,when the ,vorspiel to         
,parsifal breaks upon the ear it is  as 
if all other music were inadequate and  
incomplete--as if a voice  called from  
the confines of eternity1 in the        
infinite spaces where no  time is1 and  
rolled onward to the far-off ages when  
time shall be no  more4 ,even so1 high  
and clear above the voices of the world1
 deeper and  tenderer than any other    
word or tone1 comes the voice of ,jesus 
to the  soul of man4    ,look1 if you   
will1 upon the ,world of ,souls1        
many-tiered and vast1  stretching from  
day's end to day's end1--a world of     
hunger and of anger1  of toiling and of 
striving1 of clamor and of triumph1--a  
dim1 upheaving  mass1 which from century
 to century wakes1 and breathes1 and    
sleeps  again6 ,years roll on1 tides    
flow1 but there is no cessation of the  
march  of years1 and no whisper of a    
natural change4 ,is it not a strange    

thing  that one voice1 and only one1    
should have really won the hearing of   
the  race8 ,what is this voice of       
,jesus1 so enduring1 matchless1 and     
supreme8  ,what does it promise1 for the
 help or hope of man8    ,there are some
 who say that ,jesus has held the       
attention and allegiance  of the race by
 an appeal to the religious instinct2   
that all men  naturally seek ,god1 and  
long to know ,him4 ,but if we try to    
define the  religious instinct1 we shall
 find it a hard task4 ,what might be    
called a  religious instinct leads to   
human sacrifice upon the ,aztec altar2  
directs the ,hindu to cast the new-born 
child in the stream1 the friend  to     
sacrifice his best friend to a pagan    
deity4    ,there are others who say that
 ,christ appeals to the gentler         
instincts of  man1--to his              
unselfishness1 his meekness and         
compassion4 ,yet some of the  most      
admirable ,christians have been         
ambitious and aggressive4 ,others  say1 

,he appeals to our need of help4 ,but   
self-reliance is a ,christian  trait4   
,others say1 ,he appeals to our sense of
 sin--our need of pardon4  ,but many a  
,christian goes through life like a     
happy child1 scarcely  conscious at any 
time of deep guilt1 and never           
overwhelmed by intense  conviction or   
despair4    ,the truth seems to be that 
,christ appeals to our whole selves4 ,he
 calls  us by an attraction which is    
unique4 ,in the universe there exists a 
force which we must recognize--though we
 do not yet in the least  understand    
it--which is gradually drawing the race 
,christward4 ,the law  of spiritual     
gravitation is1 that by all the changing
 impulses of our  nature we are drawn   
upward unto ,him4 ,spohr's lovely anthem
 voices this  cry of the soul3          
,as pants the hart for cooling streams1 
,when heated in the chase1       ,so    
longs my soul1 ,o ,god1 for ,thee1      
,and ,thy refreshing grace4         ,for
 ,thee1 my ,god1 the living ,god1       

,my thirsty soul doth pine2       ,oh6  
when shall ,i behold ,thy face1         
,thou ,majesty divine8    #a4 ,jesus    
calls us by the mystery of life4 ,there 
are hours of silence and  meditation    
when the great thought ,i am beats in   
upon the soul4 ,but  what am ,i8 ,whence
 came ,i8 ,a heap of atoms in some      
strange human  semblance--is that all8  
,and so many other heaps of atoms have  
already  been1 and passed away6 ,blown  
hither and thither--where8 ,the universe
  reels with change4 ,star-dust and     
earth-dust are alike in ceaseless       
whirl4 ,little it profits to build the  
spire1 the sea-wall1 the dome1 the      
bridge1 the myriad-roofed town4 ,a new  
era shall dawn upon them1 and they      
shall fall away4    ,not only that1 but 
each man who lives to-day has less      
possible material  dominion than he had 
who preceded him4 ,only so many square  
feet of  earth1 and now there are more  
to walk upon them6 ,the ground we tread 
was  once trodden by the feet of those  

long dead4 ,i am taking up their room1  
and in due time ,i must myself depart1  
that there may be footway for  those who
 are to come after me4 ,only the        
under-sod is really mine--the  little   
earth-barrow to which ,i go4    ,there  
is no question more baffling than this  
simple1 ever-recurring one3  ,what am   
,i8 ,if ,i should decide what ,i am     
to-day1 ,i discover that  yesterday ,i  
was quite a different person4 ,to-day ,i
 may be six feet in  height1 and climb  
the ,alps2 yesterday ,i lay helpless in 
swaddling  clothes4 ,yesterday ,i was a 
thing of laughter and frolic2 to-day ,i 
am  grave1 and brush away tears4 ,as a  
babe1 was ,i still ,i8 ,what is ,myself8
  ,when did ,i come to ,myself8 ,how far
 can ,i extend ,myself8 ,my feet are    
here1 but in a moment my spirit can flee
 to ,xanadu and ,zanzibar4 ,there  is no
 spot in the universe where ,i may not  
go4 ,where1 then1 are the  limits of    
,myself8    ,personality is never for a 
single moment fixed3 it is as changing  

and  evanescent as a cloud4 ,we are     
whirlwind spirits1 swept through time   
and  space1 bearing within our souls    
hopes1 fears1 joys1 sorrows1 which are  
never twice the same4 ,every aspect of  
the universe leaves new  impressions on 
us1 and our wills1 in their world-sweep1
 daily desire  different things4        
,incompleteness lies on                 
life--restlessness is in the heart4     
,true love has  no final habitation on  
earth2 there is no abiding-place for our
 deepest  affection1 our most tender    
yearning4 ,it is curious how deeply one 
may  love1 and yet feel that there is   
something more4 ,in all our journeys1   
skyward and sunward1 we never reach the 
,end of ,all4    ,over against this     
vague and changing self1 there stands   
out the figure  of the changeless       
,christ1 the same yesterday1 to-day1 and
 forever4 ,in  ,him we find the         
environment of all our lives1 and the   
sum of all  our dreams4    #b4 ,jesus   
calls us by our earth-born cares4 ,in   

,mendelssohn's ,elijah1  there is a     
voice which sings3 ,o rest in the ,lord6
 ,this angel's message  is the voice of 
,jesus to the human race4    ,the voice 
of ,jesus calls us to awake to toil4 ,we
 sometimes forget this1  and imagine    
that if we follow ,jesus1 we shall never
 have anything to do4  ,christ does not 
still the machinery of the world1 nor   
shut the mine1 nor  take away the sowing
 and the reaping4 ,the call of ,jesus is
 not a call to  rest from work1 but to  
rest in work4 ,the rest we receive is   
that of  sympathy1 of inspiration1 of   
efficiency4 ,christ really increases the
  toil-capacity of man4 ,man can do more
 work1 harder work1 and always  better  
work1 because of the faith that is in   
him4 ,what makes the  confusion and     
fatigue of life is1 that men are        
everywhere scrambling  for themselves1  
and trying to manage their own          
undertakings1 instead of  falling into  
harmony with ,god1 and through ,him1    
with all that is4 ,what  wears the soul 

out is not the work of life itself--it  
is its drudgery1  its monotony1 its     
blind vagueness1 its apparent           
purposelessness4 ,we do  not wish to    
scatter our lives and spend our years in
 nothingness4    ,christ comes into the 
world and says3 ,over-fatigue is        
abnormal4 ,there  is not enough work in 
the universe to tire every one all out4 
,there is  just enough for each one to  
do happily1 and to do well4 ,i am come  
as the  great industrial organizer4 ,my 
mission is not to take away toil1 but to
  redistribute it4 ,my industrial plan  
is the largest of history--it is  also  
the most simple4 ,i look down over the  
world1 as a master upon his  men4 ,my   
work is not to found an earthly kingdom1
 as some have thought2  it is not       
primarily to set up industrial          
establishments1 or syndicates1  or ways 
of transport and trade4 ,my work is to  
build up in the universe a  spiritual   
kingdom of energy1 power1 and progress4 
,to this kingdom all  material things   

are accessory4 ,in ,my hand are all     
abilities1 as well as  all knowledge4   
,not a sparrow falls to the ground      
without ,my notice4 ,not  a lily blooms 
without ,my delight4 ,not a brick is    
laid1 not a stone is  set1 not an axe is
 swung1 except beneath ,my eye4 ,i      
provide for ,my own4  ,to each man ,i   
assign his work1 his task4 ,if he takes 
upon him only what  ,i give him to do1  
he will never be under-paid1 or         
over-tired4    ,hence the first step    
towards an industrial millennium is to  
arise and do  what ,jesus bids4 ,heaven 
is heaven because no one is unruly      
there1 or  idle1 or lazy1 or vicious1 or
 morose4 ,each soul is at true and happy
  work4 ,each energy is absorbed2 each  
hour is alive with interest1 and  there 
are no oppressive thoughts or ways4     
,if each heart and soul responded to the
 call of ,jesus1 there would be a  new  
heaven and a new earth--a ,utopia such  
as ,more never dreamed of1 nor  ,plato1 
nor ,bellamy1 nor ,campanella in his    

,city of the ,sun4 ,each hand  would be 
at its own work2 each eye would be upon 
its own task2 each foot  would be in the
 right path4 ,all the fear1 the         
weariness1 the squalor1  and the unrest 
of life would be done away4 ,the life of
 each man would be  a life of           
contentment1 and of economic advance4   
#c4 ,jesus calls us by the scourging of 
our sins4 ,flagellation is not of  the  
body--it is of the soul4 ,remorse is as 
a scorpion-whip1 and memory  beats us   
with many stripes4 ,the first sin that  
besets us is  forgetfulness of ,god4    
,apathy creeps over the spirit1 and     
sloth winds  itself about our deeds4    
,nothing is more pathetic than the      
decline of the  merely forgetful soul4  
,be sleepless in the things of the      
spirit1 says  ,pythagoras1 for sleep in 
them is akin to death4    ,sin lifts    
bars against success3 the root of       
failure lies in irreligion4  ,pride1    
conceit1 disobedience1 malice1          
evil-speaking1 covetousness1  idolatry1 

vice1 oppression1 injustice1 and lack of
 truth and honor fight  more strongly   
against one's career than any other foe4
 ,no sin is without  its lash2 no       
experience of evil but has its rebound4 
,to expect a higher  moral insight in   
middle age because of a larger          
experience of sin in  youth1 is as      
reasonable as to look for sanity of     
judgment in middle age  because in youth
 a man had fits6    ,looking at         
ourselves in a mirror1 do we not        
sometimes think how we would  fashion   
ourselves if we could create a new self1
 in the image of some  ideal which is   
before us8 ,would we not make ourselves 
wholly beautiful  if we could make      
ourselves8    ,even so1 looking out upon
 our own spirits1 do we not some day    
rouse to  the distortion and deformity  
of sin8 ,do we wish to retain these     
grimacing phases of ourselves8 ,do we   
not yearn eagerly for the dignity  and  
beauty of high virtue8 ,do we not long  
for the graces and perfections  which   

make up a radiant and happy life8 ,if we
 could be born again1 would  we not be  
born a more spiritual being8    ,it is  
to this new birth that ,jesus calls our 
souls4 ,all around the babe1  hid in its
 mother's womb1 there lies a world of   
which it has neither  sight nor         
knowledge4 ,the fact that the babe is   
ignorant does not change  the fact that 
the world is there4 ,so about our souls 
there lies the  invisible world of ,god1
 which1 until born of the ,spirit1 we do
 not see  or understand4 ,it is a world 
in which ,god is everywhere2 in which   
there  is no ,first ,cause1 except ,god2
 in which there is no will1 except the  
will of ,god2 in which there is no true 
and perfect love1 except from  ,god2 no 
truth1 except revealed by ,god2 no      
power1 except from ,him4    ,conversion 
is the outlook over a world which is    
arranged1 not for our  own glory1 but   
for the good of ,god's creatures2 in    
which what we do is  necessary1         
fundamental1 permanent--not because we  

ourselves have done it  well1 nor1 in   
truth1 because we have done it at       
all--but because what we  have done is a
 part of the universe which ,god is     
building4 ,we change  from a self-centre
 to a ,god-centre2 from the thought of  
whether the  world applauds to whether  
,god approves2 from the thought of      
keeping our  own life to the thought of 
preserving our own integrity2 from      
isolation  from all other souls to a    
sympathy with them1 an understanding of 
their  needs1 and a desire to help their
 lives4 ,it is a turning from a delight 
in sin1 or an indifference to sin1 or   
merely a moral aversion to it1 to  a    
deep-rooted hatred of every thought and 
act of sin1 to penitence1 and  to an    
earnest desire to pattern after ,god4   
#d4 ,jesus calls us by our sorrows1     
,jesus calls us by our dreams4 ,he      
thrills us by each high aim that life   
inspires4 ,his voice is one of          
understanding1 of tenderness1 of human  
appeal4 ,how could we love ,jesus  if   

,he did not sympathize with our ideals8 
,but here is a ,divine ,one in  whose   
sight we are not visionary2 who lovingly
 guards our least hope2  who welcomes   
our faintest spiritual insight2 who     
takes an interest in  our social plans1 
and points out to us the great kingdom  
that is to be4  ,christ lays hold of the
 divine that is in us1 and will not let 
us go4    #e4 ,jesus calls us by our    
latent gifts and powers4 ,which of us   
has ever  exhausted his possibilities8  
,which of us is all that he might be8   
,it is an impressive thought1 that      
nothing in the universe ever gets used  
up4 ,it changes form1 motion1           
semblance1--but the force1 the energy1  
neither wastes nor dies away4 ,air--it  
is as fresh as the air that blew  over  
the ,pharaohs4 ,sun--it is as undimmed  
as the sun that looked down on  the     
completion of ,cheops4 ,earth--it is as 
unworn as the earth that was  trodden by
 the cavemen4    ,no generation can ever
 bequeath to us a single new material   

atom4 ,the  race is ever in old clothes4
 ,nor can we hand down to others one    
atom  which was not long ere we were    
born4 ,yet the vitality of the universe 
is  being constantly increased1 and this
 increase is also permanent4 ,god has  a
 great deal more to work with now than a
 thousand years ago4    ,for not all    
energy is material4 ,with each birth    
there comes a new force  into the world1
 and its influence never dies4 ,the body
 is born of ages  past1 of the material 
stores of centuries2 but the soul1 in   
its living1  thinking1 working power1 is
 a new phase of energy added to the     
energy  of the race4    ,this fact      
confers on each individual man a strange
 impressiveness and  power4 ,it gives a 
new significance to the fact that ,i am4
 ,i am something  different from what   
has been1 or ever shall be4 ,in the     
great whirling  myriads1 ,i am          
distinguished and apart4 ,i am an       
appreciable factor in  universal        
development and a being of elemental    

power4 ,by every true  thought of mine  
the race becomes wiser4 ,by every right 
deed1 its  inheritance of tradition is  
uplifted2 by every high affection1 its  
horizon of love is enlarged4 ,we can    
bequeath to others this new  spiritual  
energy of our lives4    ,this thought   
gives us a new zest for life4 ,there is 
an appetite which is  of the soul4 ,it  
is this wish for growth1 for the        
development of our  powers1 for a larger
 life for ourselves and for those who   
shall  come after us4    ,is there any  
one who wishes to stay always where he  
is to-day8--to be  always what he is    
this morning8 ,beyond the hill-top lies 
our dream4 ,not  all the voices that    
call men from place to place are audible
 ones4 ,we  hear whispers from a far-off
 leader2 we are beckoned by an unseen   
guide4  ,out of ancestry1 tradition1    
talent1 and training each departs to    
his own way4    ,what calls is not      
largeness of place--it is largeness of  
ideal4 ,to each  of us1 thinking of this

 one and that one who has taken a large 
part in  the shaping of the world1 there
 comes a feeling3 ,beside all these ,i  
am  in a narrow way6 ,what can ,i think 
that shall be worth the consideration   
of the race8 ,what can ,i do that shall 
be a stepping-stone to progress8  ,what 
can ,i hope that shall unseal other eyes
 to the universal glory1  comfort others
 in the universal pain8 ,we say3 ,i do  
not want to be mewed  up here1 while    
others are out where thrones and empires
 are sweeping by6  ,i do not want to    
parse verbs1 add fractions1 and mark    
ledgers1 while  others are the poets1   
the singers1 the statesmen1 the rulers1 
and the  wealth-controllers of the      
world6 ,we wish to step out of the      
trivial  experience into that which is  
significant4 ,each day brings uneasiness
 of  soul4 ,man's unhappiness1 says     
,carlyle1 as ,i construe it1 comes of   
his  greatness2 it is because there is  
an infinite in him1 which with all his  
cunning he cannot quite bury under the  

finite4 ,says ,tennyson3         ,it is 
not death for which we pant1        ,but
 life1 more life1 and fuller1 that we   
want4    ,these aspirations are         
prophetic4 ,does a clod-hopper dream8   
,we move  toward our desires4 ,the wish 
for growth is but the call of ,jesus to 
our  souls4 ,we sometimes hear of the   
limitations of life4 ,what are they8    
,who set them8 ,man himself1 not ,god4  
,the call of ,jesus urges the soul of   
man to possibilities which are infinite4
    ,a large life is the fulfilment of  
,god's ideal of our lives--the life     
which1 from all eternity1 ,he has looked
 upon as possible for us4 ,could  any   
career be grander than the one that ,god
 has planned for us8 ,god does  not     
think petty thoughts3 ,he longs for     
grandeur for us all4    #f4 ,jesus calls
 us by the spirit of the times4 ,there  
is a growing  recognition of the        
affinity between ,god and the human     
soul4 ,religion has  changed in spirit  
as well as in form4 ,it used to be      

considered a tract  in one's experience1
 and now it is perceived to be all of   
life--its  impetus1 its central moving  
force1 the reason for being1 activity1  
development1 for ethical conduct1 and   
for unselfish and joyous  helpfulness4  
,religion is more and more perceived to 
be1 not a thing of  feeble sentiment1 of
 restraint1 of exaction1 of meek        
subordination and  resignation1 but the 
unfolding of the free human spirit to   
the  realization of its highest         
possibilities and its allegiance to that
  which is eternal and supreme4 ,the    
nineteenth century closes with the      
thinker who is also a man of meditation 
and devotion4 ,we offer to ,heaven  the 
incense of aspiration1 hope1 research1  
talent1 and imagination4    ,the chief  
thing toward which we are moving is1 ,i 
believe1 the  ,enthronement of the      
,christ4 ,christ has always been1 in the
 hearts of the  few1 enthroned and      
enshrined4 ,even in the dark years of   
mediaeval  superstition and unrest1     

there were the cloistered ones who      
maintained  traditions of faith and did 
works of mercy1 as there were knightly  
ones  who upheld the ministry of        
chivalry1 and followed1 though afar1 the
  tender shining of the ,holy ,grail4   
,but now all the signs point to a great 
and general recognition of the          
,christ--,christ to be lifted high on   
the  hands of the nations1 to ,his      
throne above the stars6    ,a new       
spiritual note is to be heard in modern 
subjects of study1 is  noticeable in all
 paths of intellectual prestige4        
,history is no more  looked upon as the 
story of the trophies of warriors1      
conquerors1 and  kings4 ,history1 rising
 out of dim mists1 is seen to be the    
marching and  the countermarching of    
nations in the throes of progress and of
 social  change4 ,it is not the story of
 princes alone1 but of peasants as well2
  the result of myriads of small1       
obscure lives2 of changing conditions2  
of the movements of great economic1     

psychologic1 and spiritual forces4      
,looking backward over the moving       
processional of the nations of the      
earth1 we may see how1 without rest1    
without pause1 through countless  ages1 
the myriad legions of men have been     
passing across the scene of             
life--passing1 and fading away6         
,all that tread     ,the globe are but a
 handful of the tribes     ,that slumber
 in its bosom4    ,empires have risen1  
and empires have decayed2 dynasties have
 been  buried1 and long lines of kings1 
wrapping stately robes about them1 have 
lain down to die4 ,thrones have been    
overturned1 armies and navies have  been
 mustered and scattered1 land and sea   
have been peopled and made  desolate1 as
 the thronging tribes and races have    
lived their little life  and passed     
away4 ,babylon and ,assyria1 ,india and 
,arabia1 ,egypt and  ,persia1 ,rome and 
,greece1--each of these has had its     
lands and conquests1  its song and      
story1 its wars and tumults1 its wrath  

and praise4 ,under  all the tides of    
conquest and endeavor but one fact      
shines supreme3 the  steady progress of 
the ,cross4    ,one principle of growth 
and development is being slowly         
revealed1--an  approach to symmetry and 
civic form1 which is seen in freedom1   
justice1  popular education1 the rise of
 masses1 the power of public opinion1   
and  a general regard for life1 health1 
peace1 national prosperity1 and the     
individual weal4 ,the day has passed    
when men merely lived1 slept1 ate1      
fought2 they are now involved in an     
intricate and progressive  civilization4
 ,sociology1 ethics1 and politics are   
newly blazed pathways  for its          
development1 its guidance1 and its      
ideals4 ,we are moving on to  new dreams
 of patriotism1 of statesmanship1 and of
 civil rule4    ,literature1 instead of 
being considered as merely an expression
 of the  primitive experiences of a race
 in its sagas1 glees1 ballads1 dramas1  
and larger works and songs1 is more and 

more revealing itself as an  appeal to  
the ,highest in the supreme moments of  
life4 ,it is the  unfolding panorama of 
the concepts of the soul in regard to   
duty1  conduct1 love1 and hope4         
,literature asks3 ,what do ,i live for8 
as well  as1 ,how shall ,i speak forth  
beauty8 ,how ought the soul of man to   
act in  an emergency8 ,what is the best 
solution of the great human problems of 
duty1 love1 and fate8 ,the voices of    
,dante1 ,milton1 ,shakespeare1          
,tennyson1 and ,browning sweep the soul 
upward to spiritual heights1 and  answer
 some of the deepest questionings of the
 soul of man4 ,and hence  literature is 
no longer merely a thing of vocabulary1 
of phrase1 of  rhythm1 of assonance1 of 
alliteration1 or of metrical and        
philosophical  form4 ,it is a revelation
 of the progress of the soul1 of its    
standards1  of its triumphs1 its        
defeats1 and its desires4 ,it is the    
unfolding of  one's intellectual        
helplessness before the unmoved1 calm   

passing of  years2 of one's emotional   
inadequacy without ,god for adjudicator4
 ,it is  a direct search for ,god4 ,one 
finds wrapped within it the mystery1    
aspiration1 and spiritual passion of the
 soul4    ,science1 no longer a dry     
assembling of facts and figures1 is an  
increasing revelation of the            
imagination1 the exactness1 the         
thoroughness1 and the great progressive 
plans of ,god4 ,evolution has  become a 
spiritual formula4 ,the scientist looks 
out over the earth and  sky and sun and 
star4 ,against his little years are     
meted out vast  prehistoric spans2      
against his mastery of a few forms of   
life1 stands  ,life itself4 ,back of    
all1 there looms up the great ,figure of
 the  ,originator of life1 and of the   
forms of life2 the ,maker and ,ruler of 
them all4 ,each scientific fact helps   
exegesis and evidence4 ,each new        
aspiration after truth becomes a form of
 prayer4    ,yes1 the whole world is    
being subtly and powerfully drawn to the

 worship  of the ,christ4 ,never before 
was there so deep1 genuine1 and         
widespread a  ,revival of ,religion4 ,it
 has not come heralded with great       
outcries1 with  flame and wind1 and     
revolution and upheaval2 it has come as 
the great  changes that are most        
permanent come1 in stillness and        
strength4  ,throughout the world there  
is being turned to the service of       
religion  the highest training1 the most
 intellectual power4 ,wars are being    
wrought for freedom2 the ,church and the
 university are joining hands2  the rich
 and the poor are drawing near together 
for mutual help and  understanding2     
industry is growing to be1 not only a   
crude force1 brutal  and disregarding1  
but a high ministry to human needs2 the 
home is  becoming more and more the     
guardian of faith and the shrine of     
peace2  business houses are taking upon 
them a religious significance2 commerce 
and trade are perceiving ethical duties4
 ,armies are marching in the  name of   

,jehovah1 and a great poet has this one 
message3 ,lest  we forget6    #g4 ,jesus
 calls us by the future of the race4    
,life proceeds to life4  ,eternity is   
what is just before4 ,immortality is a  
native concept for the  soul4 ,beyond   
this hampered half-existence1 the soul  
demands life1  freedom1 growth1 and     
power4    ,we stand between two worlds4 
,behind us is the engulfed ,past1       
wherein  generations vanish1 as the wake
 of ships at sea4 ,before us is the     
,future1 in the dawn-mist of hovering   
glory1 and surprise4 ,looking out  over 
eternity1 that billowy expanse1 do we   
not see rising1 clear though  shadowy1 a
 vast ,permanence1 ,completion1         
,realization1 in which the soul  of man 
shall have endless progress and delight8
 ,this is the ,promise held  out by all 
the ages1 and the future toward which   
all the thoughts and  dreams of man     
converge4 ,it is glorious to be a living
 soul1 and to know  that this great     
race--life is yet to be6    ,at the     

threshold of each new century stands    
,jesus1 star-encircled1 with  a voice   
above the ages and a crown above the    
spheres1--,jesus1 saying1  ,,follow     
,,me6          ,,iii4 ,,processional3   
,,the ,,church ,,of ,,god               
,,aurelia         ,the ,church's one    
foundation         ,is ,jesus ,christ   
her ,lord2       ,she is ,his new       
creation         ,by water and the      
,word3       ,from heaven ,he came and  
sought her         ,to be ,his ,holy    
,bride2       ,with ,his own blood ,he  
bought her         ,and for her life ,he
 died4         ,though with a scornful  
wonder         ,men see her sore        
opprest1       ,by schisms rent asunder1
         ,by heresies distrest2         
,yet saints their watch are keeping1    
,their cry goes up1 ,how long8          
,and soon the night of weeping          
,shall be the morn of song4             
',mid toil and tribulation1         ,and
 tumult of her war1       ,she waits the
 consummation         ,of peace for     

evermore2       ,till with the vision   
glorious         ,her longing eyes are  
blest1       ,and the great ,church     
victorious         ,shall be the ,church
 at rest4         ,,samuel ,,john       
,,stone      ,,first3 ,,reconstruction  
,the subject that is being carefully    
considered by many thinking men and     
women to-day is this3 the place and     
prospects of the ,christian ,church4    
,all about us we hear the cry that the  
,church is declining1 and may           
eventually pass away2 that it does not  
gain new members in proportion to  its  
need1 nor hold the attention and        
allegiance of those already  enrolled4  
,are these things true8 ,if so1 how may 
better things be brought  to pass8 ,to  
share in the civilization that has come 
from nineteen  hundred years of the work
 of the ,church1 and to be unwilling to 
lift a  pound's weight of the present   
burden1 in order to pass on to others   
our  precious heritage1 is certainly a  
selfish and unworthy course4 ,it is     

better to ask1 ,what is my work in the  
upbuilding of the ,church8 ,what can  ,i
 do to further the ,royal ,progress of  
the ,church of ,god8    ,the            
root-failure of the organized ,church   
to-day is its failure to share  in the  
growing life of the world4 ,a growing   
life is one that is full of  new ideas1 
new experiences1 new emotions1 a new    
outlook over life--that  works in new   
ways1 and that is full of seething and  
tumultuous energy1  enthusiasm1 and     
hope4 ,if we look out over the colleges1
 business  enterprises1 periodicals1    
agriculture1 manufacturing1 and shipping
 of  the world1 we find everywhere one  
story--growth1 impetus1 courage1        
resources1 vigorous and bounding life4  
,beside these things the average  church
 services to-day are both stupid and    
poky4 ,the forces of religion  are      
neither guided nor wielded well4 ,there 
is in most churches1 however  we may    
dislike to own the fact1 a decrease of  
interest and proportionate  membership1 

a waning prestige1 a general air of     
discouragement1 and a  tale of baffled  
efforts and of disappointed hopes4      
,the ,church--and by this word ,i here  
mean the organized body of both         
clergymen and laymen--is meant to be the
 supreme spiritual leader of the  world4
 ,it is meant to possess vigor1         
decision1 insight1 hope1 and            
intellectual power4 ,but before it can  
accomplish its high and holy work1  a   
great reconstruction must begin4 ,to    
help in this reconstruction1 to  aid in 
vivifying1 cordinating1 and ruling the  
varied processes of  organized religion1
 is your work and mine4    #a4 ,the     
,church must rouse to a sense of its    
noble duties and exalted  powers4 ,we   
underrate the ,church4 ,we are looking  
elsewhere for our  highest ideals1      
instead of claiming from the ,church    
that spiritual  guidance and inspiration
 which should be its right to give4 ,one
 of the  things that is a monumental    
astonishment to me1 is that when we need

  supplication1 intercession1 prayer for
 the averting of great personal or      
national calamity1 we flee to the       
,church1 but we seldom think of the     
,church when we need brains6    ,the    
,church should lead1 and not follow1 the
 great dreams of the world4  ,in the    
midst of our new national life we are   
sending all over the  country for the   
best-trained help and thought in every  
department of  government influence and 
control4 ,our problems of the day are   
preminently spiritual ones4 ,colonial   
control is not a question of  material  
ascendancy--it is a rule over the minds1
 hearts1 and ideals of  men4 ,its moral 
significance is patent4 ,we are called  
upon1 not only to  import provisions1   
clothing1 and household and industrial  
goods into our  new possessions2 we are 
called upon to develop a higher sense of
 honor1  truth1 honesty1 and every-day  
morality4 ,scholars1 working-men1       
business  men1 farmers1 and merchants   
are being consulted in regard to        

different  phases of our national       
advance1 and every idea which their     
insight and  experience furnish is      
seized upon4 ,but who is consulting the 
,church in  these concerns1 except in   
reference to mere technical points8 ,who
 is  looking to the intellectual1 moral1
 and spiritual standards of the  ,church
 for guidance8 ,we are to-day ruled     
spiritually1 as well as  intellectually1
 by laymen1 and in a way which is quite 
outside the  organized work of the      
,church4    #b4 ,the ,church needs a    
more business-like organization and way 
of work4  ,it needs a more military     
spirit and discipline4 ,the ,church is  
diffuse  and loosely strung4 ,there are 
in the ,united ,states alone about two  
hundred and fifty-six kinds of religious
 bodies4 ,there is no centralized       
interest or work2 there is no economic  
adjustment of funds2 there is no        
internal agreement as to practical      
methods4 ,the result is a most  wasteful
 expenditure of force4 ,movements are   

not only duplicated1 but  reproduced a  
hundred times in miniature1 in one      
denomination after  another2 special    
talent is restricted to a narrow field2 
buildings and  church-plants are        
multiplied1 but lie largely disused2    
sects and  communities are at           
loggerheads on unessential points2 all  
this--and the  world is not being saved6
 ,the ,church fails to see openings for 
aggressive work2 it fails to seize      
strategic points2 it does not carry a   
well-knit local organization1 with a    
husbanding of economic force2 it  does  
not front the world in dead-earnest2 it 
is not proud and honorable  in meeting  
its local debts2 it loses progressive   
force1 from lack of  knowledge as to how
 to judge men1 and train them1 and set  
them to work4    ,it also lacks greatly 
in office-force and in supplies4 ,the   
gospel itself  is without price1 but in 
the nature of things it cannot be       
proclaimed1  nor church-work efficiently
 carried on1 without financial outlay4  

,there  should be a more adequate       
equipment for this work4 ,all other     
enterprises  need1 without question1    
stationery1 stenographers1 literature   
for  distribution1 office-rooms1        
office-hours1 and a general arrangement 
looking toward enlargement and progress4
 ,a busy pastor should have an          
office-equipment just as much as a      
business man1 and it should be          
supported1 as a business office is1 out 
of the funds of the business            
organization1 i4e4 the local church4    
,there should be1 first of all1 a united
 spirit1 and a general  reorganization  
throughout the whole of evangelical     
,christendom1 not  necessarily          
destroying denominational lines1 with a 
view to quick  mobilization of energy in
 any direction most needed4 ,what would 
a  general do1 who1 in looking over his 
troops1 should find two hundred and     
fifty-six provincial armies1 not at ease
 or at peace with each other1  and yet  
expected to make war upon a common foe8 

,shall we not endeavor to  share in some
 broadly planned1 magnificently executed
 scheme of  world-advance8    ,the      
,church has reached a point where a vast
 constructive work is to be  done4 ,its 
scattered parts must be knit into a     
powerful and aggressive  whole1 to turn 
a solid front upon the evil of the      
world4 ,the times are  ripe for a       
successor of ,peter the ,hermit1 of     
,luther1 ,knox1 ,calvin1  ,zwingli1     
,savonarola1 ,whitefield1 ,finney1      
,moody4 ,whether a great  preacher1     
theologian1 or evangelist1 he will      
certainly be a business  man1 a man of  
vast energy and executive capacity1 who 
shall perform this  miracle of          
organization of which many dream1 and   
who shall set the  progress of the      
,church for a full century to come6     
,this united spirit should prevail1 not 
only through the smaller bodies1  but   
between the ,roman ,catholic and        
,protestant communions4 ,there has been 
a distinct division between these two   

bodies1 much mutual suspicion1          
jealousy1 and antagonism3 it is only    
quite lately that ,protestant and       
,catholic leaders have been willing to  
work amicably together for great  common
 causes4    ,a new situation has arisen4
 ,in our new possessions we are         
confronted  with a large population who1
 whatever may be the reason1 are        
unquestionably not1 as a whole1         
progressive1 enlightened1 educated1 or  
highly moral4 ,the problem now is1 not  
for ,catholic and ,protestant to  waste 
energy and spiritual strength in        
contending for mastery over each  other1
 but for them to unite in changing and  
bettering the condition of  our island  
peoples4 ,what is past is past4 ,our    
present duty is to bring  peace1        
industry1 intelligence1 high ideals1 and
 spiritual living to our  new           
countrymen4 ,this is a work to fill the 
hands and heart of both  churches1 and  
perhaps1 in a common task1 each may     
learn to understand  and regard the     

other as those should understand and    
regard each other  who have one ,lord1  
one hope1 one heaven4    #c4 ,the       
,church needs stronger and more gifted  
leaders4 ,in every business  or         
intellectual enterprise to-day1 there is
 an effort to place at the  head of each
 organization the most powerful and     
resourceful man whose  services can be  
obtained4 ,nothing in this age works1 or
 is expected to  work1 without the      
leadership of brains4 ,a primary step1  
in a  far-reaching ecclesiastical       
policy1 is to endeavor to draw into both
  ministry and membership the most      
active and intellectual class4 ,all     
earnest souls can work1 but not all can 
work equally effectively4  ,particularly
 in the ministry1 north1 south1 east1   
and west1 men are  needed who are really
 men4 ,this does not necessarily mean   
the men with  the longest string of     
academic degrees1 the men who can write 
the best  poems or make the best        
speeches on public occasions2 it means  

the  thinking men who are brave1        
talented1 spiritual1 and warm-hearted4  
,in the ,report of one of the missionary
 ,boards1 ,i have recently read the     
following stirring words4 ,they refer to
 the work of missionaries in the  far   
north1 one of whom has lately travelled 
a thousand miles over the  snow in a    
dog-sled3 ,he who follows that mining   
crowd must be more than  the minister1  
who would do well for towns in the west 
or elsewhere in  ,alaska4 ,he must be a 
man who1 when night overtakes him1 will 
be thankful  if he can find a bunk and a
 plate in a miner's cabin2 he must      
travel  much1 and therefore cannot be   
cumbered with extra trappings--must     
dress  as the miners do1 and accept     
their food and fare4 ,he must be no less
 in  earnest in his search for souls    
than they in search for gold4 ,he must  
be  so 'furnished' that1 without        
recourse to books or study-table1 he can
  minister acceptably to men who under  
the guise of a miner's garb hide  the   

social and mental culture of life in    
,eastern colleges and  professional     
days4    ,it is far from that land of   
frost and snow to the beautiful island  
of  ,porto ,rico1 washed by tropical    
seas1 through the streets of whose      
capital there passes every day the      
carriage of the ,governor1 with its     
white-covered upholstery and its livery 
of white4 ,but ,i add this word3  ,the  
missionary sent to ,porto ,rico1 be he  
,catholic or ,protestant1 must be  a man
 who can stand among statesmen and      
society men and women1 as well  as one  
who can live and work among the humblest
 folk who lodge in  leaf-thatched huts  
along the roadside or far on lonely     
hills4  ,representative men of ability1 
health1 culture1 and courage are being  
chosen to carry on governmental work3 it
 is idle to send provincial men  to the 
,church4 ,what is locally true of the   
,church in ,porto ,rico is              
fundamentally true all over the world1  
at home and abroad4 ,each  ministerial  

post to-day requires an imperial man4   
,not every post  requires the same sort 
of man1 either in regard to general     
heredity or  education4 ,men are needed 
of the ,peter-type1 of the ,john-type1  
of the  ,paul-type2 it suffices that1   
they be men of unusual power1 and well  
fitted to their individual work4    #d4 
,the ,church needs a better system for  
the proper placing of men4 ,no  phase of
 the world's work can be carried on     
merely and simply because a  man is     
pious4 ,in every phase of life1 there is
 a constant shifting of  men according  
to temperament1 ability1 and general    
influence and power4  ,in the ,church we
 must have a quick and decisive         
recognition of a man's  ability1 and he 
must be set where that talent can work  
easily and  effectively4 ,churches are  
not all alike4 ,there are no two alike4 
,when we  think of it1 what a ghoulish  
business candidating is6 ,no scheme for 
the right placing of men can be devised 
which does not place a great  deal of   

power in the hand of a few leading men4 
,this power may be  abused1 but ought   
not to be1 if it were really looked upon
 as under  divine direction and         
inspiration4 ,cannot a great leader be  
inspired to  the choice of a man1 as    
well as a great author to the choice of 
a word1  a rhyme8 ,comparatively few men
 thoroughly understand how to rate other
  men1 and to these few men1 as in all  
other great enterprises1 must be  given 
the power and authority to select and   
adjust4 ,by this ,i do not  mean that a 
set of ecclesiastics will alone be      
adequate4 ,ecclesiastical  vision1 like 
all other highly specialized vision1 is 
partial1 and does  not always see quite 
straight4 ,there should also be called  
into play the  business ability and     
discernment of men of large business    
interests or  administrative gifts4     
,sooner or later the various religious  
organizations will have to meet1 in some
 better way than any thus far           
formulated1 this growing need4    #e4   

,we need a release of pressure on the   
abler men4 ,many a minister  to-day is a
 sort of community lackey4 ,what other  
men are frankly too  busy to do1 he is  
supposed to be cheerfully ready to do4  
,the list of odd  jobs which fall to his
 lot would be ridiculous1 were not their
 influence  upon his life and work so   
retrogressive and so sad4 ,he lives to  
serve  others1 but this vow of service  
is greatly imposed upon4 ,if he is to   
lead in intellectual and spiritual      
matters1 he must be given fewer  errands
 to run1 the financial burden of his    
church must be taken  absolutely from   
his shoulders1 he must have a suitable  
salary1 and his  time must be at least  
as carefully guarded as that of the     
average man4  ,some calls he is bound to
 obey1 at whatever cost of time or      
strength1--illness1 certain public      
duties1 and real spiritual  needs1--but 
his life must not be at the mercy of    
cranks1 or of idle  persons' whims4     
#f4 ,we need a reorganization of        

preaching traditions4 ,it is a tradition
  that a minister must1 in general1     
preach two set sermons every week1  give
 one informal week-day lecture1 and be  
prepared to deliver1 at any  moment1    
funeral addresses1 anniversary speeches1
 remarks1 or to  perform other utterly  
impossible intellectual feats4 ,anyone  
who writes1  or who speaks in public1   
knows that the preparation of a         
half-hour  address which is worth       
anything requires a great deal of time4 
,it  cannot ordinarily be tossed off1   
and help men's souls4 ,only an          
occasional inspiration1 the result of a 
lifetime of thought and  experience1 is 
born in this sudden way4 ,usually       
excellence is the result  of long and   
careful labor4 ,the way to help this    
would seem to be a  constant interchange
 of preachers1 not only in one          
denomination1 but  among the various    
denominations1 so that a really fine    
sermon would be  heard by many people1  
and fewer sermons would require to be   

written4  ,this is easily done in a     
large city or its vicinity4 ,what       
congregations  need most is not         
altogether formal sermons1 but          
thoughtful1 helpful  talks containing a 
fresh1 uplifting1 and spiritual outlook 
over life1  with a practical bearing on 
the occasions and duties of life4 ,the  
work  of both ,frederick ,robertson and 
,horace ,bushnell has this direct and   
vital tone4    ,ministers must study    
more4 ,if they are freed from many tasks
 now put  upon them1 it is not          
unreasonable to ask that this time be   
put on more  careful thinking4 ,too many
 a minister of to-day is1               
intellectually1  something of a         
flibbertigibbet4 ,his sermons do not    
take hold1 because  they have not the   
roots to take hold with4 ,how many      
ministers possess1  for instance1 a     
scholarly knowledge of human nature or  
of the deeper  aspects of redemption8   
,yet these things he ought to know4     
,there is a  large amount of intensely  

interesting1 though spiritually         
undigested1  material for a minister in 
a book like ,william ,james's ,varieties
 of  ,religious ,experience4    #g4     
,greater care must be taken of the rural
 church4 ,any one interested in  a great
 ecclesiastical polity must surely      
recognize the ultimate  possibilities of
 our rural regions4 ,here are growing up
 the leading men  and women of          
to-morrow4 ,ideals and inspirations set 
upon their hearts  will bear fruit a    
thousand-fold4 ,hence there should be a 
definite  arrangement by which a certain
 portion of the preaching time of the   
really able preachers shall be placed   
each year in some small and remote      
place4 ,several scattered country       
churches might unite for these          
services4 ,let such a man also make     
helpful suggestions for neighborhood    
social and intellectual life4 ,while he 
is in the village1 let the  country     
pastor go to town1 browse in libraries1 
art-collections1 hear  music1 and get a 

general quickening of interest and      
inspiration4 ,let  each compare notes   
with the other4 ,they will both gain by 
this  interchange4    #h4 ,there is too 
little recognition of individual talent 
in the ,church4  ,too few workers are   
set at work which they know how to do1  
and the  untaught rush at tasks which   
angels fear to touch4 ,we have myriads  
of  ,sabbath-school teachers1 but how   
many men or women really know how to    
teach a little child8 ,the man is asked 
to speak or pray in  prayer-meeting1 who
 cannot possibly do it well1 but no     
notice is taken  of the fact that he    
thoroughly understands public accounts4 
,a man is  asked to subscribe ten       
dollars to a church affair1 who cannot  
afford it1  but his spiritual insight   
might save the impending church quarrel4
  ,people come and go in the churches1  
and many1 ,i am convinced1 drift away   
because they are never asked for        
anything but money for the support and  
interest of the ,church4 ,in no other   

sort of organization is this true4      
,even in the summer camp or mountain    
hotel or ,atlantic liner1 when any      
pastime or entertainment is suggested1  
the first thing to discover is1  ,what  
can each one do8 ,one1 who has the gift 
of organization and  management1 gets it
 up2 one sings2 one reads or recites2   
one writes a  bright bit of verse2      
another smooths out rising jealousies1  
or bridges1  by a little tact1 the abyss
 of caste4 ,why do we hide so many      
pretty  talents under a bushel1 when the
 church-door swings behind us8 ,why do  
we  substitute such strange and foolish 
tasks1 particularly for women8 ,what    
would leading lawyers and doctors do1 ,i
 wonder1 if they were asked1 as  busy   
women often have been1 to spend a       
precious morning in a church-room       
sorting cast-off clothes8    ,in every  
church1 large or small1 there are both  
men and women who are  talented in a    
special way2 who could bring gifts of   
training and  experience to bear upon   

the problems and opportunities of the   
,church4  ,tell me1 in prayer or        
speech-making1 formal or social         
occasion1 pastor  or people1 do we often
 bring our very deepest1 tenderest1 most
 inspiring  emotional or intellectual   
life8 ,it is not a whit more spiritual  
to be  stupid than to be bright4 ,this  
is what our church-meetings should      
be--not a formal and very dull round of 
prayers and set remarks1 more or  less  
pointless2 they ought to be a           
yielding-up of our heart's best life  to
 others4    #i4 ,we need1 as a ,church1 
a deeper spiritual life4 ,we need the   
,power of  the ,holy ,ghost4 ,in spite  
of all the sorrow of the world1 sorrow  
both of  a personal nature and that     
which touches whole communities1 there  
is  only one real burden upon the heart 
of earnest men and women3 it is our  own
 inadequate representation of           
,christianity1--the disheartening       
difference between what we practise and 
what we profess4 ,when the ,church  of  

,god is in reality a powerful and       
hard-working body of sincere1  honest1  
and loving people1 the world will soon  
be saved6      ,,second3 ,,adherence    
,by the question1 ,why join the         
,church8--,i do not mean alone1 ,why add
 my  name to a church-roll8 ,i mean1    
,why give myself1 my powers1 my         
education1  my love1 my loyalty1 to     
advance the progress of the ,church8    
,there is nothing we resent more than a 
waste of ourselves4 ,to attract  our    
service1 there must be in the ,church an
 inner vitality1 a moving  and spiritual
 fire4    #a4 ,the ,church embodies the 
spiritual dreams of the world4 ,man does
 not  live by bread alone2 he lives by  
imagination1 and by religious powers4   
,in the ,church of ,god1 the spiritual  
imagination of man reached its  highest 
field of energy1 and has brought forth  
its most triumphant  works4 ,the great  
art of the world has centred about the  
,christian  ,church--its architecture   
and much of its noblest speech4 ,imagine

 a world  in which every work which was 
inspired by the ,church1 or by the      
concepts  of religion embodied in it1   
should be left out4 ,what would we then 
lack8  ,we would lack the greatest works
 of ,michelangelo1 ,raphael1 ,titian1   
,francesca1 ,botticelli1 ,murillo2 we   
would not see the cathedrals of  ,milan1
 ,strasburg1 or ,cologne2 we would never
 read the poems of ,caedmon1  ,milton1  
or ,dante4 ,the hamlet would be without 
a spire2 philanthropy  would be almost  
unknown2 there would be neither         
night-watch nor  morning-watch of united
 prayer4 ,we should have no processional
 of  millions churchward on the ,lord's 
,day1 no hymns to stir our souls to joy 
and praise1 no anthems or oratorios1 no 
ministers1 no ecclesiastical  courts and
 assemblies1 no church conventions1 no  
church-schools1  religious societies1   
nor religious press4 ,all these works   
and  institutions proclaim the glory of 
belief1 and hand down the religious     
traditions and the spiritual aspirations

 of the generations of men4  ,shall we  
let others share in the mystery and     
triumph while we stand  apart1 silent1  
unapproving1 and alone8    ,the dreams  
of the ,church are high and holy4 ,there
 is the dream of  ,freedom1 of the      
,freedom of the ,soul4 ,it is an        
inspiring thought this1  the essential  
democracy of the race4 ,we do not find  
intellectual  equality of souls4 ,we see
 each man or woman differently          
circumstanced1  differently gifted1     
differently trained4 ,yet each may say1 
,i am  spiritually free6 ,to me also is 
given the opportunity of development1 of
  majesty of character1 of high service4
 ,the soul is the thrall of none2       
nothing can bind it to spiritual        
serfdom4    ,next1 there is the dream of
 ,allegiance4 ,some one has well said3  
,wouldst  thou live a great life8 ,ally 
thyself with a great cause4 ,allegiance 
is  devotion of the whole of ourselves  
to a leader1 a cause4 ,we can no more   
go through the world without allying    

ourselves to something than we can  go  
through it and live nowhere4 ,if the    
object of our allegiance be a  high one1
 if the ideal be a grand one1 our lives 
are in a constant  process of           
development toward that height1 that    
grandeur4 ,each act of  faith becomes an
 impetus to progress4 ,we are daily     
enriched by the  experience of mere     
obedience4 ,to obey and follow are acts 
in the  universal process4    ,if1 on   
the other hand1 we ally ourselves to    
that which is lower than  ourselves1 by 
the very act we are dragged down4 ,no   
one can remain upon  even his own level1
 who is in obedience and devotion to    
that which is  below him4 ,allegiance to
 a ,higher is one of the trumpet-calls  
of the  world4 ,it has been the rally of
 all armies1 of all legions1 of all     
crusades4 ,the great commander is1 by   
his very position1 a grouper of  other  
men1 the ruler of their thoughts1 their 
deeds1 their dreams4 ,his  power to call
 and to sway is beyond his own ideas of 

it4 ,how otherwise  could it be that out
 of one century one heart calls to      
another--out of  one age1 proceeds the  
answer to the cry of ages gone8    ,the 
lover of music to-day allies himself to 
,bach1 to ,haydn1 to ,mozart1  to       
,wagner1 by his appreciation1 his       
sympathy1 his understanding of what     
they have done4 ,he acknowledges their  
control of his musical self by his      
efforts to interpret their work to      
others1 and to create new works which   
shall be inspired by their ideals4 ,thus
 he acknowledges their control of  his  
own powers4 ,such control over the      
spirit of man is that of the  ,church   
over the social body2 it stirs the      
spiritual aspiration of man1  it directs
 his ambition4 ,it fixes upon a         
standard1 the ,cross2 upon a  ,hero1 the
 ,christ1 and reaches unto all the world
 its arm of power1  drawing unto itself 
the loyalty1 the faith1 the affection1  
and the royal  service of successive    
generations of mankind4    ,the dream of

 ,redemption4 ,it is not technical      
creeds for which the  ,church as a whole
 stands1 but for certain vital          
principles which concern  the life of   
the soul1 and its relation to ,god and  
man4 ,virtue has always  been a dream of
 the heart4 ,but how inaccessible is    
virtue1 with a past  of unforgiven sin6 
,the height of our ideal of redemption  
is conditioned  upon the depth of our   
realization of sin4 ,to the shallow1    
redemption is  an easy-going process1 a 
way of healing the scratches which the  
world  makes4 ,to the deep and          
serious-minded1 redemption involves the 
regeneration of the race4 ,only the     
ransomed can truly work1 love1  or      
praise6    ,there is one sorrow which   
,god never calls us to--the sorrow of a 
wasted  life4 ,by redemption1 the       
,church reveals not only a saving from  
rebellion1 unbelief1 and crime1 but     
redemption from sloth1 from             
indifference1 from lack of purpose1 and 
from low aims4 ,redemption looms  up as 

the great economic force of ,time--that 
which inspires and  preserves our       
powers1 directs our energies1 creates   
opportunity1 brings  to pass our most   
high and holy desires1 and fills life   
with satisfying  and abiding things4    
,beauty1 harmony1 and affection are the 
natural laws of the moral world4  ,there
 is no despair where there has been no  
disobedience4 ,christus  ,salvator      
stands out before the world in majesty  
and power4 ,virtue is  enthroned in a   
universe which is beneficent4    ,the   
dream of ,fellowship4 ,the ,church is   
the great social body4 ,we can  never   
live our best life in the world1 and    
stand outside the ,church4  ,there is   
something vital in personal contact1 and
 in social affiliation4  ,it strengthens
 the best and otherwise most complete   
work4 ,the ,christian  ,church is a body
 of allies1 whose work is the upbuilding
 of the kingdom  of ,god4 ,we do not    
realize how great a bond this is4 ,we   
have our own  church centre1 our own    

denomination1 our own local interests4  
,but by and  by a great occasion        
arises--a revival which sweeps the      
country1 a  reunion of two long-divided 
parties1 an ,ecumenical ,council1 a     
,chinese  persecution--and suddenly     
there arises before the mind's eye a    
glimpse  of that ,church which girdles  
the world1 whose emissaries are in every
  country1 whose voices speak in every  
tongue4 ,we perceive that  everywhere   
are              ,swelling hills and    
spacious plains       ,besprent from    
shore to shore with steeple-towers1     
,and spires whose silent finger points  
to heaven4    ,says ,wordsworth also3   
,they dreamt not of a perishable home1  
,who thus could build4    ,many an ideal
 state has been thought out1 in which   
fellowship should be  the root of social
 progress4 ,but in what state is the    
proffered  fellowship like that of the  
communion of saints8 ,each has his share
 of  work and dreams2 each has his      
endowment of talent and of opportunity2 

each has his aspirations and supreme    
hope4 ,the joys of one are the joys  of 
all4 ,the sorrows of one are the sorrows
 of all4 ,the triumphs of one  are the  
triumphs of all4 ,the ,world-burden is  
the task set to be removed4  ,the       
,world-upbuilding in love1 joy1 peace1  
and truth is the final  endeavor4 ,this 
community of interest is the strongest  
coalition the  world has yet known4     
,there are those who say1 ,i prefer to  
worship by myself6 ,one might as  well  
say1 ,i prefer to fight in battle by    
myself6 ,there is a time for  personal  
worship1 and there is a time for social 
worship4 ,alone1 the  heart meets ,god4 
,alone1 its prayers for individual needs
 and longings  are offered up4 ,alone1  
it asks for blessings on the individual 
life and  work4 ,but the personal life  
is only a fragmentary part of the life  
universal4 ,above the ages rings an     
,over-song of praise4 ,from shrines and 
cathedrals1 from chapels1 churches1     
tents1 and caves1 there arises1 day     

after day1 this incense of united       
prayer1 from a vast and  heaven-uplifted
 throng6 ,each of us would say1         
,canopied under  world-skies1 ,i1 too1  
would join this chorus of adoring love6 
,the dream of ,permanence4 ,the         
immortality of the ,church is akin to   
the  immortality of the soul4 ,it is a  
connection which is never severed4 ,when
  we enter the visible body of the      
,church on earth1 we connect ourselves  
with the invisible hosts of the ,church 
on high4 ,we enter a company  which     
shall never be disbanded nor dismayed4  
,something subtle and  eternal seems to 
lay hold of our spirits1 and to lift    
them even to ,god's  ,throne4 ,for this 
,time has been1 and for this ,time now  
is3 to present  spotless before ,him the
 innumerable company of the redeemed1   
the  lion-hearted who1 armed by faith   
and shod with fire1 in robes of azure   
and with songs of praise1 shall stand   
before ,him even for evermore6    #b4   
,the ,church is the centre of a great   

circle of remembrance4 ,one of          
,constable's famous paintings represents
 the ,cathedral of ,salisbury  outlined 
against a storm-swept sky1 with a lovely
 rainbow arched beyond  it4 ,so stands  
the ,church athwart the landscape of our
 lives4 ,in each  community the church  
is like a living thing6 ,how every stone
 grows  significant and dear6 ,how the  
lights and shadows of its arches1 the   
dim1  faint-tinted windows1 the carvings
 and tracings1 the atmosphere and       
coloring1 all sink into the heart1 and  
make a background for memories  that    
never pass away6 ,who ever forgets the  
tones of the old organ1 the  voice of   
the choir1 the accent1 look1 and bearing
 of one's early pastor1  the rustle of  
the leaves without the window1 the rush 
of the fresh  summer air1 the soft      
falling of the rain8    ,the path to the
 church is worn by the feet of          
generations4 ,thither the  aged go up1  
and thither the laughing1 romping       
children4 ,weary men and  women bear    

their burdens thither2 triumphant souls 
bring shining faces  and uplifted brows2
 love and dreams cluster round the      
church1 and the  life of the soul1      
silent and hidden1 is subtly acted upon 
by persuasions  and convictions that    
rule the heart amid the fiercest storms 
and  temptations of the world4 ,the     
church is a sanctuary and shield2 it is 
an  emblem of strength and peace4 ,three
 angels stand before its altar3 ,life1  
,love1 ,death6 ,hither is brought the   
babe for the christening1 hither  comes 
the wedding procession1 and here are    
laid1 with farewell tears1  the quiet   
dead4 ,day by day within that church1 as
 one grows to manhood  and womanhood1   
one enters into race-experiences1 and   
feels1 however  vaguely1 that the ,holy 
,spirit abides within them all4    #c4  
,the ,church affords the best outlet for
 moral activity4 ,where shall we  put   
our moral powers8 ,in what work shall   
they centre8 ,from what point  shall    
they diverge8 ,scattered action is      

irresolute2 it is the  centripetal      
powers that count4    ,the ,church      
stands ready to engage1 to the full1 the
 moral powers of man4  ,it can rightly  
distribute the spiritual vitality of the
 world4 ,it rouses  the moral emotions  
and affections1 and gives scope for     
contrition1  adoration1 and             
thanksgiving1--the ,trisagion of the    
heart4    ,in the press and stir of life
 we sometimes forget that the highest   
emotions of which we are capable are    
those of joy1 praise1 and prayer4  ,joy 
is a heavenward uplift of life--deep    
happiness of spirit4 ,praise is  an     
appreciation of the greatness and mercy 
of the ,infinite4 ,worship is  the      
outpouring of the whole nature1 an      
ascription of blessing1 glory1  honor1  
and power and majesty to ,god4 ,it flows
 from the religious  imagination1 and is
 the supreme offering of the            
intellectual as well as  of the         
emotional life4    ,the ,church is a    
body ministrant3 it has received the    

accolade of  spiritual service4 ,it     
stands among the world's forces1 as one 
of giving1  not of gain4 ,it holds      
within its scope both a teaching and a  
training  power4 ,it is the school of   
the soul1 the illuminator of the meaning
 and  discipline of life4 ,ablard is    
said to have attracted thirty thousand  
students to ,paris by his teaching4 ,but
 the ,church to-day calls into its      
assemblies fully one-third of the       
millions of the world4 ,they are held   
by its tenets1 guided by its ideals1    
thrilled by its hopes1 and set to  its  
works of charity and mercy4 ,the highest
 philanthropy is but a  scientific      
renewal and adaptation of work which has
 had its start1  primarily1 in the      
,christian ,church4 ,wealth is its      
vicegerent1 and from  the adherents to  
the ,church fall largely the            
contributions to great  philanthropic   
causes4    ,take the work of ,missions  
alone3 ,has there ever before been a    
body which  attempted to bring the whole

 world into its fellowship1 to make     
known  everywhere its ideals1 and to    
share with all living a spiritual       
inheritance8 ,the ,evangelization of the
 ,world by this ,generation is  one of  
the most sublime thoughts which has come
 to the race4    #d4 ,there is a large  
amount of ability in the world which the
 ,church  needs1 but which has not yet  
been thoroughly enlisted in church      
service4  ,take business energy1        
executive ability4 ,it is a common      
saying1 that  business men are not      
interested in the ,church1 and do not   
work well in  it4 ,why8 ,because there  
is not yet in the ,church enough of the 
active and  economic spirit to make a   
business man feel at home in it1 or     
approve of  its ways of work4    ,this  
weak spot in the ,church1 which business
 men mock at1 or fret at1  exactly      
reveals the work that is waiting for    
business men to do4  ,business to-day   
takes intellectual grasp and            
insight--promptness1  energy1           

enterprise1 and common-sense4 ,these    
qualities are needed at once  in the    
conduct of the ,church4    ,a second    
class greatly needed by the ,church is  
the university-bred4 ,many  college     
graduates are church-members--some are  
even active workers4 ,but  until lately 
the universities as a whole have stood  
rather indifferently  apart from the    
,church4 ,they have somewhat indulgently
 regarded it as one  more historic      
institution for preserving myth and     
legend4 ,to them the  ,christ-life has  
meant little more than the ,bewa-myth1  
the ,arthur-saga1  the ,nibelungen      
cycle1 the ,homeric stories1 the        
,thor-and-,odin tales6  ,druids1        
fire-worshippers1 moon-dancers1 and     
,christian communicants have  been      
comparatively studied1 with a view to   
understanding the  race-progress in rite
 and religious form4    ,this spirit is 
changing4 ,the most remarkable aspect of
 the intellectual  life of to-day is the
 rise of faith in the universities4     

,like the  incoming of a great tidal    
wave at sea is the wave of spiritual    
insight  and religious aspiration that  
is rolling over the colleges of our     
land4    ,the whole intellectual        
structure of the ,church is approaching 
reconstruction--its doctrines1 creeds1  
tenets4 ,this reconstruction  cannot    
possibly be effected by schools of      
theology alone4 ,at every point  the    
theologian needs assistance from the man
 of science4 ,philosophy1  psychology1  
ethics1 history1 literature1 sociology1 
language1 natural  science1 and         
archaeology are all bound up in an old  
creed and must be  looked into1 ere a   
new statement can take form4 ,their data
 must be known  at first-hand4 ,hence   
there is no intellectual specialty which
 may not be  made invaluable to the     
,church4    ,too often religion has been
 a matter of hearsay or dogma4 ,a bitter
  conflict has always raged between     
theology and the latest word of         
science4 ,the ,church cannot afford to  

be without the scientific thinkers  of  
the race4 ,the time has come when there 
is everywhere heard the call  of ,jesus 
to men of mind4    ,what work awaits the
 university man or woman8 ,it is to help
 free the  ,church from traditions and  
superstitions which scholarship cannot  
uphold4 ,it is to throw fresh vigor and 
intellectual vitality into the  services
 of the ,church4 ,it is to build up a   
hymnology which shall be  noble and     
poetic in expression2 it is to          
contribute a great religious  literature
 to the world4 ,it is the work of       
educated men and women to add  their    
insight1 their zeal for truth1 their    
scholarship1 their training  and ideals 
to the ,christian community3 to sweep   
thought and practice out  of ancient    
ruts1 to clarify the spiritual vision of
 the world1 and to  present new aspects 
of truth and new goals of human         
endeavor6 ,let  ,research join hands    
with ,prayer4    ,a third class which   
the ,church needs to-day is that of the 

working-man4  ,the hand of the          
working-man is the hand that has really 
moulded history4  ,working-men lead a   
brave and self-sacrificing life4 ,from  
their toil come  the necessaries and    
many of the comforts of the race4 ,the  
man of labor  knows the root-problems of
 the industrial world4 ,while all his   
industry  and skill1 all his courage1   
heroism1 and strong-armed life are so   
largely alienated from the ,church1 the 
,church is deprived of one of the       
fundamental sources of inspiration and  
growth4 ,the tree of progress can  never
 grow1 except it has labor-roots4 ,it is
 absolutely essential for  the health of
 the ,church that every form of human   
energy be represented4    ,suppose that 
by some great revival a very large      
number of working men  and women could  
suddenly be added to the membership of  
the ,church4 ,what  would happen8 ,would
 there not be at once a return to more  
simplicity of  life8 ,there are two     
currents at work always in              

society--emulation and  sympathy4       
,rightly used1 each is for the social   
good4 ,if all classes of  men and women 
worked side by side in the ,church1 many
 great social  differences would become 
adjusted4    #e4 ,it holds sway over the
 fortunes of the home4 ,where1 outside  
of the  ,church1 will you find the ideal
 conception of marriage1 and the really 
united and happy home8 ,the ,church     
makes for domestic happiness1 because   
it goes straight to the roots of life   
and plants happiness where  happiness   
alone can grow4 ,more and more the      
,church is lifting the  standards of a  
noble1 proud1 pure1 and rejoicing       
married life4 ,its ideal  of human love 
is sacred1 because founded on the deeper
 love of the soul  in ,god4 ,the ,church
 is drawing hosts of young people under 
the shelter of  its teaching1 and is    
placing before men and women ideals     
which cannot  fail to make their mark   
upon the social standards of the times4 
,it  stands for purity1 for patience1   

for tenderness1 for the love of little  
children1 for united education and      
endeavor1 for mutual hopes and  dreams1 
for large public service4    #f4 ,it is 
the militant force of time4 ,we speak of
 the ,church militant1  and of the      
,church triumphant4 ,for us1 to-day1 the
 ,church militant4  ,to-morrow1 triumph 
comes4 ,armies have been1 and armies    
shall be1 but the  hosts of this world  
fight against material foes1 and largely
 for  material ends4 ,it is the glory of
 the ,church militant that its conquests
  are spiritual and its victories are   
eternal4 ,its fight is chiefly  against 
the inner1 not the outer foe--against   
sin and wrong-doing1  impatience1       
strife1 anger1 clamor1 meanness1        
evil-speaking1 wrath4 ,it is  the foe of
 tyranny and its heel is upon the head  
of the oppressor and  the avenger4 ,its 
banner flies over every country and has 
been carried  through tribulation1      
through sorrow1 through danger1 and     
through death  to the remotest parts of 

the yet-known world4 ,its troops are    
legion1  marching from the far distances
 of the past1 and extending out to the  
far confines of the eternal years4      
#g4 ,it is the ascendant force of the   
future4 ,rightly conducted1 it will     
surely absorb the vigor of the world4   
,to stand apart from it is to be  out of
 step with the march of nations4 ,the   
processional of progress  to-day is the 
processional of the historic influence  
of the ,church4 ,what  force has there  
been in time gone by1 which has lived   
and so greatly  grown for nineteen      
hundred years8 ,nations have risen1 and 
nations have  decayed4 ,states1 once    
prominent1 have passed into the oblivion
 of the  years4 ,plato and ,pericles1   
,socrates and ,sophocles1 ,philip and   
,alexander1  the ,caesars1 the ,georges1
 and the ,louis have passed away4 ,their
  politics have passed from our         
following2 their empires are no more4   
,but  through these centuries of change1
 the ,church of ,god has risen stronger1

  more powerful year by year2 stretching
 its arm out to the uttermost  parts of 
the earth2 levying tribute on the       
islands of the sea2 enlisting  all ages 
and conditions1 and looking out over    
coming generations--not as  a waning1   
but as a growing and ever-increasing    
power4 ,think you that  such a ,church  
can die8 ,think you that any spiritual  
power aloof from  this ,church can be as
 efficient as if it were allied with it8
    ,these1 you say1 are the reasons why
 one's allegiance should be given to    
the ,christian ,church4 ,let us now look
 back over the processional as it       
marches across the dim years4 ,saints1  
martyrs1 confessors1 evangelists1  and  
singing children have joined its        
historic train4 ,is there any other     
processional in the world's history     
which1 numbering such millions and      
millions1 began with only one8 ,when the
 ,christ enters the arena of  history1  
,he comes as one to lead myriad         
deep-lived souls6 ,next1 there  follow  

twelve4 ,they1 two by two1 take up the  
marching line4 ,think of  their deeds   
and influence1 of their inspiring power6
 ,what would have  been the record of   
those obscure fishermen of ,galilee and 
of their  simple friends1 had they      
refused to ally themselves with the     
leader who  called for their allegiance 
and their obedient love8    ,next follow
 the early disciples4 ,tried by         
scourging1 by stripes1 by  poverty1 by  
imprisonment1 by all manner of danger   
and trial1 they yet  remain true4 ,then 
follow the prophets1 those whose clear  
vision looks  out on things unknown and 
things unseen4 ,to the prophet is       
intrusted the  ministry of hope and     
inspiration4 ,then follow the martyrs   
who yield life  for the cause they      
profess4 ,in torture at the stake1 and  
on the cross1  by fire and by sword1    
they show forth an unshaken and undying 
faith4  ,then follow matrons and        
virgins1 babes and children1 reformers  
and  mediaeval saints with a convoy of  

angels1 singing as they march4 ,these   
are the ,church triumphant1 the ,church 
above4 ,but to-day we have among us  the
 ,church militant--the long processional
 of congregations1 elders1  deacons1    
members1 ministers and missionaries1    
young people1 and workers  in every     
phase of enterprise and reform4 ,these  
all communicant on earth  are the       
,church militant1 whose work is to keep 
alive the traditions of  the past and to
 march onward to an endless victory and 
to an unceasing  praise4 ,who1 looking  
upon that processional1 filing through  
the ages of  the years of man1 would say
 that there may be a parliament of      
religions8  ,a parliament of boasts and 
pomps1 of good precepts and queries1 of 
misuses and half-truths1 of             
superstitions and infinite idolatries1  
no  doubt2 but there is but one         
religion1 though it be perverted in many
  ways and rightly revealed at divers   
times2 and there is but one ,god1       
infinite1 true1 holy1 just1 loving1 and 

eternal4 ,where now are the gods  of    
,hamath and of ,arpad8 ,where are the   
gods of ,sepharvaim8 ,bow thy head1  ,o 
,buddha6 and do thou1 ,o ,zoroaster6    
hang thy head4 ,isis and ,osiris grow   
dim2 ,jove nods in heaven2 the pipe of  
,pan is dumb2 ,thor is silent in the    
northern ,aurora2 the tree of ,igdrasil 
waves in midnight2 ,confucius is  pale2 
,muhammad is dust4 ,darkness is over the
 skirts of the gods of the  past--gloom 
receives them1 ,erebus holds            
outstretched arms4 ,but the ,lord  ,god1
 ,jehovah1 the ,ancient of ,days1       
encanopied in space and glory1 leads    
onward to the end of years ,his people  
in a mighty train1 to a rule and        
kingdom which shall know no end4 ,may   
thou and ,i1 dear friend-soul1 in       
whatsoever land thou be1 may thou and ,i
 be numbered in that throng6            
,,iv4 ,,the ,,world-,,march3 ,,of       
,,kings         ,,die ,,wacht ,,am      
,,rhein         ,jesus shall reign      
where'er the sun       ,doth his        

successive journeys run2       ,his     
kingdom stretch from shore to shore1    
,till moons shall wax and wane no more4 
,people and realms of every tongue      
,dwell on ,his love with sweetest song2 
,and infant voices shall proclaim       
,their early blessings on ,his ,name4   
,blessings abound where'er ,he reigns2  
,the prisoner leaps to lose his chains1 
,the weary find eternal rest1       ,and
 all the sons of want are blest4        
,let every creature rise and bring      
,peculiar honors to our ,king2          
,angels descend with songs again1       
,and earth repeat the loud ,amen4       
,,isaac ,,watts    ,the elemental force 
of some men is appalling4 ,they lift    
their  eyes--thrones tremble2 they wave 
a hand--empires rise or fall4 ,it comes 
over the heart of many a man at times1  
,here am ,i1 running my little  office1 
shop1 factory1 fire-engine1 or          
professional circuit1 with no  influence
 that ,i can see1 beyond my borough or  
my barn-yard4 ,but in the  world there  

are other men1 no taller than ,i1 no    
older than ,i--men born  within a       
stone's throw of where ,i was           
born--whose hand is on the fate of      
nations1 and whose decrees are universal
 law6    ,it is deeply impressive1 the  
way in which one man1 born not above    
myriads of his fellows1 begins to rise  
until by and by he stands head  and     
shoulders above his generation6 ,what is
 the inner vitality which  presses him  
upward8 ,what is this hidden difference 
in men by which one  remains in the     
by-eddies of life1 and another sweeps   
out on the crest of  the rising tide of 
history8    ,much of it is in the man   
himself4 ,to be kingly is inborn4 ,there
 is the  nature that refuses to be shut 
up to the petty1 that will not content  
itself with one street or town1 that    
steps out into life from childhood  with
 the step of the conqueror1 and walks   
among us2 one who was born a  king4 ,to 
be a king1 one must have the powers of  
organization1  combination1 discipline1 

direction1 statesmanship4 ,these        
qualities  enlarge as one passes from   
the particular to the general1 from the 
personal to the range of natural forces1
 emergencies1 and wide pursuits4        
,dominion is an inherent right of the   
soul4 ,in all our hearts1 did we but    
listen and understand1 there are        
adumbrations of kingly ancestors1 and   
the latent stirrings of kingly powers4  
,which of us would want to be born at   
all1 if we should be told in  advance1  
,you shall never control anything8 ,you 
shall never have the  slightest chance  
of self-assertion1 of impressing your   
own individuality  upon the world8 ,one 
might as well be born without hands or  
feet6    ,kingship involves ascendancy  
and authority4 ,both are truly gained1  
not  by chicanery1 but by personal      
force4 ,there is a natural gift of      
leadership1 which is strengthened by    
endurance1 perseverance1 and  ceaseless 
hard work4    ,kingship also involves a 
larger vision4 ,one man looks at his    

shoe-strings2 another man looks at the  
stars4 ,the first step toward rule  is  
to find a point of view from which one  
can look widely out over the  race4     
,this is the primary value of education3
 it is not that books are  important1   
but that men are--the men who have      
swayed history--and books  tell of such 
men4 ,not the library is inspirational1 
but the life-spirit  of mankind1 bound  
up in even dusty papyrus-rolls1 or set  
on  clay-tablets of four thousand years 
ago4 ,he who would serve his times      
politically must first understand1 so   
far as may be1 all times4    ,another   
basis of supremacy is conviction4       
,leadership belongs to those  who       
believe4 ,the man who has a definite    
policy to propose1 and a  definite way  
of working for it1 soon outstrips the   
man who is just  looking about4         
,kingship involves an iron will4 ,an    
iron will does not imply necessarily    
ugliness of temper1 obstinacy1 or       
pig-headedness4 ,it is simply a         

straight-forward1 dauntless1 and        
invincible way of doing things4 ,what ,i
  say1 you must do1 is back of all      
successful leadership1 whether in the   
home or in the world-arena4 ,the man who
 is master of the obedience of  his     
child1 or of his fellows1 is master of  
their fate4 ,we are all at the  mercy of
 the strong-willed4    ,growth is       
development in right assertion2 it is   
the assumption of  legitimate           
responsibility and command4 ,to be lowly
 of heart does not  mean to be          
inefficient2 to be humble does not      
necessarily mean to be  obscure4 ,luther
 and ,lincoln were both of a childlike  
humility of heart4    ,what             
,christianity has not emphasized in the 
past1 but what it must now  begin to    
emphasize1 is the reality of            
dominion--its value1 and its  relation  
to the kingdom of ,god4 ,for centuries1 
religion has too often  been thought of1
 too often spoken of1 as if it were the 
last resource of  the heart1 ,a         

brilliant young professor of psychology 
not long ago  referred to religion as   
something to flee to1 by those who were 
disappointed in love6 ,we have spoken so
 much of giving up1 that the  ,christian
 life has wrongly seemed to mean the    
giving-up of one's  individuality1      
interests1 powers4 ,as well might we    
expert the deep sea  to give up its     
rolling tides1 or the air to give up its
 four winds1 as  to expect the heart of 
man to part with its human hopes6       
,this is not a right interpretation of  
life4 ,when ,nature plants an oak in    
the forest1 she does not say1 ,be a     
lichen1 an ,eozon canadense1 a  small   
ground-creeping thing6 ,she says1 ,grow6
 ,become a tall1 strong1  mountain tree6
 ,when we hold our baby in our arms1 we 
do not say1 ,my  child1 be good for     
nothing6 ,neither does ,god say1 ,be    
nothing1 do  nothing6 ,just exist as    
humbly and meekly as you can6 ,he says1 
,quit you  like men6    ,each of us is  
born for a sceptre and a crown4 ,it     

gives a strange new  thrill to life1 to 
realize that we may be just as ambitious
 as we  please1 that we may long        
earnestly for high things1 and work for 
them1  if our inmost desire is not for  
self but for ,god4 ,this new idea of    
ambition should be at the root of       
education and of religious teaching4    
,piety is not a namby-pamby sentiment2  
it is a great intellectual force4       
,desire is architectural3 our dreams    
should be of prestige and power4  ,true 
ambition is the reaching-out of the soul
 toward preordained  things4 ,what else 
is the meaning of our love for          
excellence1 our  insatiable yearning for
 perfection8 ,what is excellent1 says   
,emerson1  is permanent4 ,to excel in   
any work is to combine in that work the 
most  enduring qualities of human labor2
 to excel in any place is to shine      
forth with the great qualities of the   
race4 ,hence1 ambition has a  rightful  
place4    ,the power of a king is the   
power of control4 ,all about us are     

moving the  great forces of the         
universe--physical1 intellectual1 moral1
 spiritual4  ,what we can do with them  
is a test of our power4 ,life is in many
 ways a  majestic trial of one's power  
to command4    ,three men buy adjoining 
tracts of land4 ,one man mines coal upon
 his  acres4 ,he amasses wealth and     
influence because he is in control of   
the  ,carboniferous age and the human   
need of light and heat4 ,the second man 
tills his ground and raises wheat and   
corn4 ,he is in command of living       
nature--of the rotation of seasons1 of  
wind1 frost1 rain2 he uses them  to     
provide food for those that hunger and  
must be fed4 ,the third man  lies under 
the trees4 ,he digs no mine4 ,he plants 
and reaps no corn and  grain4 ,he simply
 lies under the trees1 gazes into the   
sky and dreams4  ,men call him idle1 but
 he is not so4 ,one day he writes a     
book4 ,it lives  a thousand years4 ,his 
control is over the spirit of man4 ,he  
has entered  into its hopes and sorrows1

 its aspirations and its dreams4        
,this story is a ,parable of ,kings4    
,such is the power of control that is   
granted to each new soul4 ,each child is
 bequeathed at birth a sceptre  and a   
crown4    ,the first rule is parental4  
,the primitive monarchy is in the home4 
,a  young baby cries4 ,the trained nurse
 turns on the light1 lifts the baby1    
hushes it1 sings to it1 rocks it1 and   
stills its weeping by caresses and      
song4 ,when next the baby is put down to
 sleep1 more cries1 more soothing  and  
disturbance1 and the setting of a tiny  
instinct which shall some day  be       
will--the power of control4    ,the     
grandmother arrives on the scene4 ,when 
baby cries1 she plants the  little one  
firmly in its crib1 turns down the      
light1 pats and soothes  the tiny       
restless hands that fight the air1      
watches1 waits4 ,from the  crib come    
whimpers1 angry cries1 yells1 sobs1 baby
 snarls and sniffles  that die away in a
 sleepy infant growl4 ,silence1 sleep1  

repose1 and the  building of life and   
nerve and muscle in the quiet and the   
darkness4 ,the  baby has been put in    
harmony with the laws of nature--the    
invigoration  of fresh air1 sleep1      
stillness--and the little one wakens and
 grows like  a fresh1 sweet rose4 ,the  
mother1 looking on1 learns of the ways  
of  ,god with men4    ,firmness is the  
true gentleness4 ,there is a form of    
authority which must  be as implacable  
as the divine decree4 ,mercy is the     
requiring of  obedience to law2 it is   
not a cajoling training in law-defiance1
 which  shall one day break the mother's
 heart and upset the social relations of
  the world4    ,the next rule is       
personal3 the direction of one's own    
energy in the way  of one's own will4   
,the child moves his hands1 his feet2 he
 turns his  rattle up and down1 and     
shakes it about4 ,he discovers that he  
can pull  things toward him and push    
them away2 that he can reach things that
 are  higher than his head4 ,he begins  

to creep4 ,he touches things that are   
the  other side of the world from him1  
that is1 across the room4 ,he plucks    
fibres from the rug or carpet2 swallows 
straws1 buttons1 and little  strings4   
,he pounds1 and sets up vibrations of   
pleasant noise2 he clashes  ten-pins1 he
 blows his whistle1 squeezes his rubber 
horse and man1  rattles the newspaper1  
flings about his bottle and his blocks4 
,he feels  himself a self-directing     
power1 and at times asserts this power  
against  the will of those who would    
make him do what he does not want to do4
 ,the  love of rule is in him1 and he   
lays his little hands on power4         
,education determines whether this power
 shall be for good or for evil4  ,we    
cannot take away power from any         
child--he shall move the affairs of     
nations--but we can direct this love of 
power1 or crush it2 strengthen  it1 or  
weaken it2 turn it toward the highest   
help of man1 or deflect it  to tyranny1 
cruelty1 and crime4    ,child-training  

is guidance in the way of ,god's        
decrees4 ,it is not the  setting of     
one's own ideas upon a little child2 it 
is not the  gratification of one's own  
love of power2 it is not the            
satisfaction of  one's own self-conceit4
 ,it is a firm1 humble striving to carry
 on the  harmony of the universe3 to    
bring up the child to love order1       
justice1  mercy1 and truth4             
,education is the teaching of how to    
direct energy for the universal  good4  
,it lays hold of a child and1 out of his
 destructive instincts--the  instinct to
 bang1 and pull1 and tear to pieces--it 
develops creative  power1 the inventive 
genius that lies hid within him4 ,it    
takes the pure  love of noise1 and      
trains it to pitches1 harmonies1        
intervals1 and makes  a musician of the 
boy who used to whack his spoon4 ,it    
takes the alphabet  and the early       
pothooks1 and the boy by and by combines
 them into  literature4 ,the apples and 
the peaches which he is taught to       

exchange  justly are by and by          
transmuted into trade and commerce4 ,he 
brings  cargoes from ,cuba and ,ceylon1 
trades with ,japan and ,hawaii1 and the 
,asiatic isles4 ,the energy of          
block-building is developed into        
sculpture1  architecture1 and civil     
engineering4 ,the stamping of his foot  
in anger  is directed to determination1 
perseverance1 the rule of the brave     
spirit1 the unconquerable will4 ,nothing
 is more marvellous than this  grave    
upbuilding4    ,the next rule is social3
 the direction of personal energy that  
shall  leave a distinct impress on other
 lives4 ,it is long before we realize   
that for each exertion we are           
responsible2 that what we do is held    
against us in strict account1 not only  
by fate1 which builds our destiny  for  
us out of our own deeds1 but by every   
other person with whom we come  in      
contact4 ,our fellows check off daily   
against us so much vitality1 so  much   
magnanimity1 so much idleness1 cruelty1 

spite1 goodness1  selfishness1 meanness1
 or loving-kindness4 ,life holds a      
record of our  every deed1 and from no  
least responsibility can we make our    
escape4 ,we  are the prisoners of events
 which we ourselves have brought about4 
,the discipline of ethics1 of           
home-training1 of the ,church1 and of   
religious teaching is addressed         
fundamentally to this social            
consciousness of ours1 this             
responsibility which we cannot evade4   
,to  bear rule aright is to go forth    
into the world to build up1 in          
authority1 talent1 and influence1 the   
kingdom of ,god4    #a4 ,there is the   
agricultural phase of social rule4 ,a   
man tills a farm4  ,it has upon it      
trees1 streams1 woodland1 and           
meadow-land4 ,he may  rule--to what end8
 ,if he rules it for his own personal   
ends--merely to  fill his granaries1 and
 lay up gold--he rules it for           
miserliness1 with a  sort of thrift that
 is as passing in inheritance as the    

flying  ,april rain4    ,or he may say3 
,i will keep my land in trust for ,god4 
,i will hold rain  and frost1 heat and  
cold1 storm and sun1 in fee simple for  
the race4 ,my  grain shall pass out into
 the world's mart1 sent forth with love 
and  prayer4 ,such a farmer is the      
incarnation of moral grandeur4 ,let men 
laugh1 if they will1 at his overalls and
 plough1 his wide-brimmed hat1  his     
simple manners1 and his homely1 racy    
speech4 ,his feet are by the  furrow1   
but his heart is in heaven1 and his     
treasure is there also4 ,says  the      
author of ,nine ,acres on the ,hillside1
 ,the agriculturist walks  side by side 
with the ,creator4    ,there is a fine  
integrity which lies in land4 ,there is 
a resolution  which is concerned with   
crops4 ,there is a wisdom born of wind  
and  weather4 ,there is a power which   
comes from the constant revival of life 
in seed and fruit and flower4 ,this man 
is ,king of ,god's ,acres4 ,let him  not
 despise his kingdom1 and may the       

succession not depart from  his house6  
#b4 ,there is a rule which is           
industrial4 ,a man is sent into the     
world to  wield a hammer1 a saw1 and run
 an engine4 ,if his rule over his hammer
 is  weak1 if he does not know how to   
use it well1 if its blow is uncertain   
and its result unskilled1 then he passes
 from the line of kings1 and is         
subject1 instead of in authority1 in his
 own domain4 ,he is captive to a  piece 
of steel or wood4 ,so with every tool of
 trade4 ,each man who  conquers his tool
 is a ruler--is in control of elements  
of human  happiness and good4 ,the      
roof-mender1 the furnace-builder1 the   
cloth-weaver1 the yarn-spinner1 the     
steel-worker1 the miller--do not  these 
all keep the race warmed1 and clad1 and 
fed8    #c4 ,the next rule is           
commercial4 ,trade itself is neither    
menial nor  demeaning4 ,rightly used1 it
 is a high form of control4 ,people have
  things to buy and things to sell4 ,the
 maker is handicapped4 ,he cannot       

travel elsewhere to dispose of what he  
has4 ,the buyer is ignorant4 ,he  does  
not know where to go1 or cannot go1 at  
first-hand1 for the shoes1  the hat1 the
 reaper1 the bricks1 the lumber1 the    
stationery which he  must use4 ,there   
appears upon the scene the man of       
observation1 of  investigation1 of      
capital1 of shrewdness1 of resources4   
,with one hand he  gathers the products 
of the ,pacific and of the ,south ,seas4
 ,with the  other1 he takes the output  
of the ,atlantic seaboard1 the ,gulf    
,states1  the ,mississippi valley1 the  
northern lakes and hills4 ,he sets up an
  establishment1 he puts forth runners1 
advertisements1 and show-windows4  ,he  
stocks shelves1 decks counters1 and     
employs clerks1 packers1  salesmen1     
cash-boys1 buyers1 and department heads4
 ,the man who wants to  buy1 buys from a
 man across the sea and yet is served in
 his own town4    ,the man of commercial
 power is a man of world-wide rule4 ,he 
may lay up  in banks a fortune which he 

intends to try to spend upon himself2 or
 he  may say3 ,i am accountable for the 
pocket-books of the world4 ,i am in     
authority over them4 ,i open a market1  
or close it4 ,i buy1 dispense1 and      
disperse human labor4 ,i create wants1  
and ,i satisfy them4 ,i will  establish 
honest laws of trade4 ,what ,i do shall 
be rated as commercial  law4 ,what ,i   
say shall be quoted as a way of equity  
and probity4 ,that man  is a ,king of   
,trade4 ,his throne is set upon hills   
and seas4 ,his subjects  are all men    
with needs1 and all men with products of
 the land1 the  coasts1 the sea1 or     
brain1 or skill4 ,this is the lawful    
,king of ,trade4  ,he represents ,god's 
mart of exchange4 ,primarily1 goods are 
not bought  and sold in the market4     
,they are first transferred in that     
man's brain4    #d4 ,another rule is of 
concerted works3 the rule of the        
,engineer4 ,back of  every advance in   
our country1 in facilities of trade and 
transportation1  or of public health and

 safety1 stands the man who thought it  
out4 ,take1  for instance1 the          
development of the ,great ,american     
,desert4 ,who  projected its irrigation1
 by which areas have been redeemed from 
barrenness and waste8 ,who planned the  
economic use of the ,niagara ,falls8    
,who built the ,brooklyn ,bridge8 ,who  
projected the vast waterway from        
,chicago to the ,gulf8 ,who first       
thought of a cable across the depths of 
seas8 ,who bridged the ,firth of ,forth1
 the ,ganges1 the ,mississippi8 ,who    
projected the gray docks of ,montreal8  
the ,simplon ,tunnel8 ,who wound the    
iron rails across the ,alleghanies1 the 
,rockies1 the ,sierras8 ,who drew  the  
wall that has encircled ,china for a    
thousand years8 ,who projected  the     
,suez ,canal8 the ,trans-,siberian      
,railway8 ,who sunk the mines of        
,eldorado8 ,who designed the ,esplanade 
at ,hamburg8 the stone banks of the     
,seine8 the waterways of ,venice8 the   
aqueducts of ,rome8 the ,appian ,way8   

the military roads of ,chili and ,peru8 
the ,subway in ,new ,york8    ,gravity1 
stress1 strain1 weight1 tension1 sag1   
cohesion1--a few  mathematical formulas1
 and a knowledge of the primary laws of 
physics1--upon such principles as these1
 the world is rapidly changing  form and
 use4    ,the ,engineer1 in a strange   
and subtle way1 stands near to ,god4    
,his work  is done hand-in-hand with    
,god4 ,he takes the forces of nature and
 the  laws of the material world1 and   
bends them to the needs and use of man4 
,sky and sea or desert may be about him4
 ,he knows the arctic cold1 the  tropic 
heat2 the forest and the plain2 the     
mountain and the marsh2 the  brook and  
river2 the peak and the precipice2 the  
glacier and the tempest  in their       
course4 ,out of the very elements he is 
daily building new paths  for man to    
tread4 ,soon he1 too1 must pass2 laid   
after death1 it may be1  beside some    
mighty water that his handiwork has     
spanned4    ,in loneliness and silence  

does he not often think1 ,i wonder1 of  
the ,god  with whom he deals8 ,it is    
,god who provides the river and the sea2
 ,god  who through endless ages has     
piled stone on stone1 crust on crust1   
and  has crumpled the strata of the     
earth as tissue in ,his hand4 ,it is    
,god  who has bound every mote to the   
earth-centre2 who has sent magnetic     
currents coursing through the globe1 and
 has made tides and sea-changes1  and   
the trade-winds to blow4 ,it is the ,god
 of the ,gulf ,stream1 the  ,caribbean  
,sea1 the ,god of the ,appalachians1 the
 ,god of the ,himalayas1  the ,god of   
the ,cordilleras1 of the ,amazon1 the   
,yukon1 the ,yang-tse-,kiang  with which
 he really deals4    ,the endless ages  
pass and go1 but ,god abides4 ,little1  
daring man lifts  here and there a hand 
to mould the world which ,god has       
made--pricks the  earth for gold or     
silver1 iron or coal--but ,,god is      
everywhere immanent  and shines through 
every hour of change4 ,hence the ,march 

of ,engineers is  the march of men whom 
,god has trained2 in a special sense    
,his  master-workmen1 craftsmen whom ,he
 loves4 ,it is theirs to say1 ,we are   
the  ,kings of ,works3 the              
,master-builders of the ,most ,high6    
#e4 ,there are ,kings of ,academic      
,thought1 men who lead in professions   
and  in collegiate careers4 ,the wise   
man is the true aristocrat4 ,his court  
may not be in a palace1 but within its  
precincts are received and  entertained 
the leaders of the race4 ,to be provost1
 to be college  president or university 
professor1 is to be seated on an        
intellectual throne4    ,the problem of 
academic rule is not to attract a large 
number of  students1 to put up imposing 
buildings1 to have endowments1 and fill 
chairs with learned specialists2 to     
grant many degrees1 and to keep the  hum
 of a teaching staff and of a student   
body alive in the ears of a  community1 
marking the college group by flags and  
colors1 cap and gown1  processions and  

occasions4 ,these things are right1 but 
are mainly  accessory4 ,we have not all 
of a university when we have men and    
buildings1 money1 students1 brains4     
,back of a university there lies its    
foundation-idea1 that of academic       
control4    ,what is academic rule8 ,it 
is rule over the pride of man4 ,a       
college is a  place whose chief power is
 to inculcate humility by the means of  
true  learning2 to establish            
intellectual honor and integrity by     
searching out  the ways of ,god in      
nature1 science1 and philosophy1 and in 
letters  and in art4    ,it is the      
primary work of a university to make men
 humble4 ,the ,freshman  is not         
teachable4 ,the ,sophomore is an        
intellectual upstart4 ,but by the  time 
a man has been beaten and conquered by  
the great ideals of the  world1 which   
have pierced his bones and humbled his  
conceit--by the time  the race-passions 
and the race-sorrows have crept across  
his spirit1 by  the time that he has    

been confronted with the achievements of
 ,homer1  ,empedocles1 ,hippocrates1    
,michelangelo1 ,socrates1 ,buddha1      
,plato1 ,emerson1  ,gladstone1          
,bismarck1 ,lincoln1 and ,carlyle--his  
self-exaltation drops  from him like a  
garment4 ,he--who knows how to construe 
a few pages of  the classics1 who knows 
how to demonstrate a few mathematical   
problems1  scan a few verses1 recite a  
few odes1 carry on a few scientific     
experiments1 undertake a small          
research--how shall he compete with     
these  rulers of the thought of men8    
,then it is that the real rule of a     
university--its spirit of humility1  and
 of reverence for antiquity--begins4    
,the true university man1 born  and bred
 in the century1 not in the years1 in   
the race halls1 not those  alone in his 
,alma ,mater1 is neither a scoffer nor  
an atheist1 nor a  critic1 sceptic1 or  
cynic4 ,he is a man of simple and       
exalted faith4 ,god1  who hath brought  
such great things to pass in science1   

nature1 and art1  in human character1 in
 the destiny of nations1 and the history
 of humble  men and women1 is a ,god    
before whom there must be awe and       
reverence1 and  not a flippant scouting 
of the ancient ideals4 ,man1 who is so  
tried by  temptation and scourging of   
the spirit1 is a creature to be loved1  
appreciated1 understood2 not a being to 
whom shall be shown arrogance1          
aloofness1 and pride4 ,the university   
that makes snobs of its graduates  has  
not yet entered into its kingdom of     
control4    ,a university also holds    
rule over truth4 ,absolute truth is in  
,god's  hand4 ,but the university has   
class-rooms and libraries1 apparatus and
  laboratories1 which are intended for  
the discovery and furtherance of  truth4
 ,the university is not a place to cry  
out for big salaries4 ,the  salaries    
should be living salaries4 ,the seeker  
after truth should not be  left without 
enough money for heat and shelter1 for  
bread and meat1 rest  and summer-change2

 for the coming of children and their   
education4 ,but  truth may lodge without
 shame in an humble dwelling and may be 
greatly  furthered without an elaborate 
bill of fare4    ,the university men of 
the times are the establishers of a kind
 of  righteousness that is not always   
found in books4 ,their individual value1
  as they go out into the world1 is to  
set right values on social customs  and 
decrees2 to establish the law of freedom
 in the home2 to lead men  and women out
 of the thraldom of ignorance1          
vulgarity1 hearsay1 and  style1 into    
simplicity of living and a sane scale of
 household  expense4 ,the university    
leader of the future is the man who     
shall set  laws over household accounts 
and who shall rule over such simple     
things  as what best to eat and buy4 ,he
 shall be an economist of the larger    
sort1 providing for the spiritual       
necessities of men and their moral      
conduct1 rather than for their balls1   
card-parties1 and social  side-shows1   

including church entertainments and     
philanthropic dances and  bazaars4 ,he  
shall pave the way to a larger view of  
wealth1 influence1  and reform2 endue   
man with a keener sense of his own      
responsibilities1  make him a creature  
of larger desires and of more aspiring  
wants4    ,in particular1 he shall pass 
down from generation to generation the  
high  and noble learning of the past2 he
 shall keep alive the flower of         
courtesy and charity2 he shall tell the 
dreams of past sages1 and  interpret    
them2 he shall review the thronging     
nations2 and he shall so  imbue the mind
 with a love of truth1 of ideals1 of    
excellence1 of honor1  that a new race  
shall go out into a larger and a nobler 
world4 ,and then  a better day shall    
dawn for men4    #f4 ,the ,kings of     
,state4 ,says ,milton1 in his sonnet on 
,cromwell3                              
,yet much remains       ,to conquer     
still2 ,peace hath her victories        
,no less renowned than ,war3 new foes   

arise1       ,threatening to bind our   
souls with secular chains4       ,help  
us to save free conscience from the paw 
,of hireling wolves1 whose gospel is    
their maw4    ,in the third moon of the 
year #abgf1 ,bayan1 the conquering      
lieutenant of  ,genghis ,khan1 captured 
,hangchow1 received the jade rings of   
the ,sungs1  and was taken out to the   
bank of the river ,tsientang to see the 
spirit  of ,tsze-s pass by in the great 
bore of ,hangchow--that tidal wave which
  annually rolls in1 and1 dashing itself
 against the sea-wall of ,hangchow1     
rushes far up the river1 bringing1 for  
eighteen miles inland1 a tide of  fresh1
 deep-sea splendor1 and thrilling all   
who see or hear4    ,in the life of     
nations there are times and tides4      
,against the tide-wall  of history1     
beaten by many a storm1 and battered by 
many a thundering  wave1 there is about 
to sweep the incoming wave of a new life
 for the  race3 there is about to pass a
 greater than the spirit of             

,tsze-s1--even  the ,spirit of ,god6    
,we are living1-we are dwelling1        
,in a grand and awful time1       ,age  
on age to ages telling1          ,to be 
living is sublime6    ,we are moving out
 into a period of great statesmen1 and  
of great  political standards and       
ideals4 ,the days before us are days    
which will  make the ,elizabethan era   
pale in history4 ,upon the head of our  
nation  are set responsibilities such as
 have never before rested on any  one   
man4    ,the day of the true statesman  
is here2 the day of the demagogue is    
done6  ,the rule of the orator is over  
the ideals and hopes of men4 ,the       
demagogue prostitutes this power4 ,his  
rule is over the passions1  prejudices1 
and resentments of men4 ,he cries aloud 
in the market-place1  and rogues and    
ward-heelers1 and evil-minded           
politicians1 group  themselves around   
him4 ,he waves his sceptre over the     
vulgar and the  rascals of the town4    
,the vital problem of municipal reform  

is not the shattering of the ring1  the 
overturning of the boss1 the gagging of 
a few loud tongues4 ,it is  the problem 
of the training of better bosses2 the   
education of men and  women in social   
control2 their enlightenment1 from      
childhood up1 in  civic duties1 in      
national affairs1 and the conduct of    
civil power4  ,thereupon oratory turns  
to its higher ends4 ,through statesman1 
preacher1  and political teacher1 it    
cries aloud of righteousness4 ,i look   
for the  time when the typical          
politician shall be an honorable man2   
when to be  in the ring of municipal or 
national control shall mean to be an    
integral and orderly part of the        
administration of ,god's great world2   
when city life shall be purified2 and   
when international law shall be  the    
interpretation of the will of the       
,almighty for the rule of nations4  ,we 
have honest doctors1 lawyers1 tradesmen2
 shall we not have an honest  politician
 and an upright ward-boss8    ,public   

service is a god-like service6 ,our     
,presidents shall more and more  be     
chosen1 not alone for ideas1 experience1
 or for party affiliations3  the        
,president shall be chosen because he is
 a moral hero6 ,something has  stirred  
in the heart of the ,american people1   
which shall not soon be  stilled3 a     
spiritual outlook upon political        
preferment4 ,in the ,white  ,house we   
long to have the great spiritual        
exemplars of our race4 ,not  alone in   
church shall we offer up a ,prayer      
before ,election4 ,the time  is coming  
when each true ballot-slip shall be a   
prayer4    ,within the next fifty years 
shall be determined some of the greatest
  questions of history4 ,among them     
shall be questions of industrial        
adjustment and development1 and of      
social progress4 ,we must have in our   
,cabinet not only the representatives of
 ,war and ,state1 of ,finance1  ,trade1 
,labor1 and ,agriculture2 but also of   
,education and of ,social  ,health4     

,this is not a dream4 ,you and ,i may   
live to see the results of  this        
religious awakening3 it is elemental and
 epochal4    ,back of all individual    
dominion there is rising a yet higher   
dominion--the dominion of the           
,english-speaking race4 ,we1 having been
  called by the providence of ,god to   
stand at the head of the march of       
progress1 may well ask ourselves        
concerning our imperial powers4 ,the    
line of progress for a nation is to     
allow no spiritual ideal to stagnate  or
 to retrograde4 ,the spiritual          
aspiration of a nation always dominates 
what is called the ,social ,mind4 ,we   
grow toward what we worship4 ,it is     
ours to plant the dominion of           
civilization in foreign lands1 and to   
supplant a waning culture by a richer1  
truer1 and nobler way of life4  ,the    
first thought of each of us1 entering   
these new lands1 whether  merchant1     
soldier1 educator1 or missionary1 should
 be to hold ,christ  aloft1 that all    

tribes may come to ,his light1 and kings
 to the  brightness of ,his rising4     
,god leads us on4 ,said ,lincoln3 ,i    
have been driven many times to my  knees
 by the overwhelming conviction that ,i 
had nowhere else to go4 ,my  own wisdom1
 and that of all about me1 seemed       
insufficient for that day4  ,like a vast
 ,hand stretched against the sky of     
,time is the ,hand of ,god--a  ,hand    
writing1 in these wondrous days1 a      
destiny for generations yet to  be6     
,rising with us are all ,god-fearing    
nations--the ,teutonic1 ,slav1 and      
,latin peoples4 ,sitting yet in         
darkness1 and massed against us1 crouch 
sullenly the immemorial hordes of ,asia1
 the wild blacks of the ,african  swamps
 and jungles1 and the dwellers of       
,polynesian seas4 ,occident and         
,orient1 the world's battalions are     
forming for new encounters and new      
dismays4 ,never since the strong-limbed 
,goths changed the face of ,europe  has 
there been a period of such tense       

anticipation1 nor so great a            
possibility of volcanic change4 ,we are 
entering an historic period of          
reconstruction1 when new maps of the    
world will be drawn4 ,the sceptre is    
passing into new hands3 to-day the      
throne of civilization is being  arched 
above the seaway which joins ,london and
 ,new ,york4 ,to-morrow1 it  may be     
builded above ,pacific tides1 where our 
own shores look westward  to the ports  
of ,asiatic ,russia4 ,for1 rising on the
 world-horizon1 are  these two          
,world-empires1 ,russia and the ,united 
,states4 ,the dictators of  these two   
countries will soon become the dictators
 of the human race4  ,they are brave and
 virile nations1 with untold reserves of
 power6 ,as  these two giants gird      
themselves for ,world-dominion1 who but 
,god shall  gird the armor on1 direct   
the onward course of change8    ,much of
 the ancient wealth and beauty shall be 
done away4 ,in a few  generations the   
shrines of thirty centuries will be no  

more4 ,fane and  temple and pagoda will 
disappear2 carvings1 images1 and        
,sikh-guarded  courts4 ,long lines of   
yellow-robed priests will chant their   
last  processional hymn to ,buddha1 and 
the smoking incense to waning gods      
shall be quenched forever4 ,where ,tao  
rites were celebrated1 silence  shall   
fall2 where fakir and dervish tortured  
and immolated their lives1  happy       
children shall play4 ,instead of the    
lotos of the ,ganges and the  ,nile1    
there shall bloom the ,rose of ,sharon  
and the ,lily of the ,vale4    ,but as  
the empires of ,buddha and ,muhammad    
fall1 a new ,empire shall  prevail6     
,kings shall bow down before ,him1      
,and gold and incense bring2        ,all
 nations shall adore ,him1          ,his
 praise all people sing4        ,to ,him
 shall prayer unceasing          ,and   
dally vows ascend2        ,his kingdom  
still increasing1          ,a kingdom   
without end4          ,,iv4 ,,the       
,,world-,,march3 ,,of ,,prelates ,,and  

,,evangelists         ,,lyons         ,o
 ,majesty throned1 ,o ,lord of all      
,light1       ,shine down on our spirits
 and scatter the night2       ,as ,adam 
received his life-impulse from ,thee1   
,endued with all fulness1 we quickened  
would be         ,let all that we       
know--love1 learning1 and power--       
,melt down in ,thy ,presence1 and flame 
in this hour2       ,anoint us and bless
 us and lift our desire       ,and grant
 us to speak as with tongues touched    
with fire6         ,life flows as a     
dream--its pleasures are dear3          
,the world is about us--temptation is   
near2       ,oh1 guide us1 and shew us  
the pathway to ,god       ,the feet of  
the prophets aforetime have trod6       
,the bells cease their chime1--the hosts
 enter in3       ,may many be purged of 
their sloth and their sin6       ,cheer 
,thou the despondent1 the weary1 the    
sad1       ,rouse all to rejoicing1 that
 all may be glad4         ,and when life
 is o'er1 and each must depart       ,in

 quaking and silence1--abide with each  
heart2       ,the songs of ,thy saints  
then caught up to the skies1       ,as  
waves of great waters shall thunderous  
rise6         ,,anna ,,robertson ,,brown
 ,,lindsay    ,in ,malory's ,morte      
d',arthur there is the legend of the    
,sword of ,assay4  ,in the church       
against the high altar was a great      
stone1 four-square1  like unto a marble 
stone4 ,in the midst of it was an anvil 
of steel1 a  foot high1 and therein     
stood a naked sword by the point4 ,about
 the sword  there were letters written1 
saying1 ,whoso pulleth out this sword of
  this stone and anvil1 is righteous    
king born of all ,england4 ,many        
assayed to pull the sword forth1 but all
 failed1 until the young ,arthur  came1 
and1 taking the sword by the handle1    
lightly and fiercely pulled  it out of  
the stone6 ,by this token he was lord of
 the land4    ,each man's life is proved
 by some ,sword of ,assay4 ,the test of 
a man's  call to the ministry is his    

power to seize the ,sword of the        
,spirit3  wield the spiritual forces of 
the world1 insight1 conviction1         
persuasion1 truth4 ,to do this          
successfully at least five things appear
  to be necessary3 a sterling education1
 marked ability in writing and in       
public speaking1 a noble manner1 a voice
 capable of majestic  modulations1 and a
 deep and tender heart4 ,these phrases  
sound very  simple1 but perhaps they    
mean more than at first appears4 ,have  
we not  all met some one1 in our        
lifetime1 whose acquaintance with us    
seemed to  have no preliminaries8--some 
one who never bothered to say anything  
at  all to us1 until one day he said    
something that leaped and tingled       
through our very being8 ,this is the    
power that a minister ought to have     
with every soul with whom he comes in   
contact3 his word should quickly  touch 
a vital spot4 ,no one to-day cares much 
for mere oratory1 literary  discussion1 
polemics1 or cursory exegesis2 marked   

ability in writing  and in public       
speaking means that grip on reality     
which makes people  quiver1 repent1     
believe1 adore6    ,sincerity is the    
basis of such power4 ,at heart we       
worship the man who  will not lie2 who  
will not use conventions or formulas in 
which he does  not believe2 who does not
 give us a second-hand view of either   
life or  ,god2 who does not play with   
our conscience because it is not politic
 to  be too direct2 who does not juggle 
with our doubts1 nor ignore our hopes   
and powers2 who also frankly            
acknowledges that he1 too1 is a man4    
,a call to the ministry also involves an
 over-mastering spiritual desire4  ,tell
 me what a man wants1 and ,i will tell  
what he is1 and what he can  best do4   
,if a man desires above all things to   
conduit a great business1  he is by     
nature qualified for trade2 if he       
desires knowledge1 he is  designed for a
 scholar2 if he is always observing     
form1 rhyme1 aesthetic  beauty1 and     

striving to produce verse1 he is a born 
poet4 ,but if the one  thing that rules 
his dreams is the longing for spiritual 
power--the  thought of impressing ,god  
upon his generation1 and leading men to 
a  clearer view of life and duty--he is 
a born minister of the ,spirit1 and  to 
the spirit of the sons of men4 ,along   
with this goes the great burden3  ,woe  
is me1 if ,i preach not the ,gospel6    
,wherever1 to-day1 there is a young man 
in whose heart is stirring a  great     
devotional dream for the race1 who longs
 to project his life into  the most     
enduring and far-reaching influence1 who
 craves the exercise of  great gifts and
 powers1 there is a man whose heart ,god
 is calling to  possibilities such as no
 one can measure1 and to triumphs such  
as no one  can forecast6 ,the highest   
triumphs of these coming years are to be
  spiritual4 ,the leader is to be the   
one who can carry the deepest  spiritual
 inspiration to the hearts of his       
fellow-men4 ,do not let the  hour go by6

 ,this day of vision is the prophetic   
day6    ,but if the call be answered1 if
 certain high-spirited and noble-minded 
men ask thus to stand as spiritual      
ministrants to the souls of men1 how    
shall they be trained for the high      
office8    ,the old way will not do4    
,sweeping changes1 in these last days1  
have come  over the commercial1         
academic1 and social world4 ,we do not  
go back to  the hand-loom1 the          
hand-sickle1 the hand-press4 ,what is   
true of these  aspects of life is true  
of the spiritual training4 ,it must be  
larger1  freer1 grander1 than before4   
,time was when a theologian1 it was     
thought1 must be separated from the     
world--an ascetic working in the dim    
half-light of the old library1 or       
scriptorium1 or hall4 ,to-day1 he must  
gain much of his training from the great
 life of the world--learn how to  meet  
men and occasions1 and be prepared to   
deal with modern forces and  energies   
with courage1 knowledge1 and decision4  

,we read of the earnest ,thomas         
,goodwin3 his favorite authors were such
 as  ,augustine1 ,calvin1 ,musculus1    
,zanchius1 ,paraeus1 ,walaeus1 ,gomarus1
 and  ,amesius4 ,what ,doctor of        
,theology takes the last six of these to
 bed with  him to-day8    ,our          
theological courses are too dry4 ,look  
carefully over the catalogues  of thirty
 or forty of our own seminaries1 and    
notice the curious1 almost  monastic1   
impression which they make4 ,then       
realize that the men who  pursue these  
abstruse and mediaeval subjects are the 
men who go out into  churches where the 
chief topics of thought and conversation
 are crops1  stocks1 politics1 clothes1 
servants1 babies6 ,there is a grim humor
 in  the thing1 which seems to have     
escaped those who have drawn up the     
curriculum4    ,life is not monastic4   
,it is very lively4 ,we scarcely get1 in
 all our  post-collegiate life1 a chance
 to sit and muse4 ,we go through        
sensations1 experiences1 and            

incongruities1 which stir a sense of    
fun4 ,a  man reads 7,i notice7 in his   
seminary1 ,st4 ,leo1 ,ad ,flaeirmum1 and
 makes  his first pastoral call on a    
woman who proudly brings out her first  
baby for him to see4 ,ad ,flaeirmum     
indeed6 ,what does ,st4 ,leo tell the   
youth to say8    ,what should be        
breathed into a man in the seminary1 is 
not the mere  facts of ecclesiastical   
history1 but the warm pulsating currents
 of  human life2 the profound           
significance of the founding and the    
progress  of the ,church2 a deep        
psychological understanding of human    
desires1  motives1 joys1 ambitions1     
griefs2 the relentlessness of sin2 the  
help  and glory of ,redemption2 the     
quickening of the ,christ2 the vigor and
 the  tenderness of faith4 ,coincident  
with these must be a growth in depth and
  dignity of life4 ,no one likes to take
 spiritual instruction from men who  are
 themselves crude1 foolish1 sentimental1
 or conceited4 ,many social  snags on   

which young ministers are sure to run1  
are simply the rudiments  of social     
conduct1 as practised by the world4     
,noble manners are one's  personal      
actions as influenced and guided by the 
great behavior of the  race4 ,under the 
impulse of ideals1 much that is untoward
 or superficial  in one's bearing will  
disappear4 ,it is impossible to think as
 noble men  and women have thought--to  
dream1 love1 and work as they have      
dreamed1  loved1 and wrought--and not   
have pass into one's mien the high      
excellence of such lives4    ,the first 
education is spiritual4 ,until mind and 
heart are swept by the  spirit of ,god1 
chastened1 purified1 ennobled1 and      
inspired1 vain is all  the learning of  
the schools6 ,to this end1 there should 
be a more deeply  spiritual atmosphere  
in our seminaries1 less of the mere     
academic  impulse4 ,in every age1 there 
are men just to come in contact with    
whom  is a benediction and a help for   
years4 ,such a man was ,mark ,hopkins1  

,noah  ,porter1 ,james ,mc,cosh4 ,such  
the leading men in every seminary should
 be4    ,the plan of education must be  
of principles1 not of facts4 ,the       
university research-men gather facts1   
and scientific men everywhere  collect1 
analyze1 and classify them4 ,but each   
small department of human               
learning--each minute branch in that    
department--needs a lifetime for  the   
mastery of that one theme4 ,hence the   
work of the college is quite  apart from
 that of the school of theology4 ,it is 
the place of the school  of theology1   
not to ignore the ,new ,learning1 but to
 group1 upon the  basis of a thorough   
college training1 certain great         
interests and  pursuits of mankind1 in  
such a way as to afford1 by means of    
them1 a  leverage for spiritual work4   
,after all is said and done1 it is not  
the grammar-detail of ,latin1  ,greek1  
,hebrew1 and ,aramaic dialects that     
makes a minister's power4 ,it is  the   
strange language-culture of the race    

which should enter in2 the  inner       
vitality of words1 the beauty of poetic 
cadences1 the strong flow  of rhythm1   
noble themes1 great thoughts1 impressive
 imagery and appeal4  ,we should know   
the ,bible as literature1 not as one    
knows a story-book1  or a               
dialect-exercise1 but as one knows the  
melodies and memories of  childhood4    
,the vital thing is not a knowledge of  
the historical schisms and decrees  of  
,christendom--not the external          
,evidences of ,religion1 ,ecclesiastical
  ,history1 ,ecclesiastical ,polity1    
monuments1 texts1 memorabilia--the vital
  thing is the power to think about     
,god1 and the problems of mankind4 ,it  
is a heart-knowledge of the difficulties
 and questionings of a race that  yearns
 for virtue4    ,man thirsts for ,god4  
,no one is wholly indifferent to the    
,spirit4 ,i fear  that some ministers do
 not know--and never will know--the     
heart-hunger  of the world4 ,when they  
rise to speak1 there is always some one 

present  whose breath is hushed with    
longing to hear spoken some real word of
  truth1 or strength1 or comfort4 ,if he
 receive but chaff6--    ,theology is   
not a dry thing1 and ought not be made  
so4 ,it is quick with  the life of the  
race4 ,each dogma is a mile-stone of    
human progress4 ,it  is the sifted and  
garnered wisdom of the centuries1       
concerning ,god1 and  ,his ways with    
men4 ,each student should feel1 not that
 a system is being  driven into him1 as 
piles are driven into the stream1 but   
that he is  being put in philosophic    
contact with the thought of the race on 
the  great topic of ,religion1 with     
liberty himself to experiment1 think1   
and  add to the store4    ,homiletics is
 not a series of nursery-rules for      
man--formal1 didactic  droppings of a   
pedant's tongue4 ,homiletics is the     
appeal of man to man1  for the welfare  
of his soul1 and the true progress of   
mankind4 ,exegesis  is not a matter of  
,hebrew or ,greek alone4 ,it includes   

the spiritual  interpretation of the    
great problems of the race4 ,homer1     
,tennyson1  ,browning1 and ,dante are   
exegetes1 no less than ,lightfoot1      
,lange1  and ,schaff4    ,pastoral      
,divinity is not the etiquette of a     
polite way of making calls3  it is an   
entering into the social spirit of the  
time2 the learning of  friendliness1    
unreserve1 sympathy1 persuasion1 and a  
way of approach4 ,it  is the mastery of 
spiritual savoir-faire4    ,outside of  
this group of technical subjects there  
are yet others of  vital importance from
 a scientific understanding of the      
world1 and of  one's work4 ,they are    
,psychology1 ,ethics1 ,sociology1 and   
,politics4    ,since we have known more 
of the psychological meaning of         
adolescence1 a  new theory of           
,conversion has sprung up2 and whether  
or not we accept it1  the whole outlook 
over the underlying principle of        
conversion has been  changed4 ,we must  
at least recognize that conversion is a 

scientific  process1 as much as         
digestion is1 or respiration2 it is not 
a purely  emotional occurrence4    ,the 
minister must learn what society really 
is1 and how the far still  forces of    
time act and react upon each other1     
producing group-actions1  institutions1 
customs1 ways4 ,there are social fossils
 as well as  physical ones4 ,sociology  
is not a system of fads and reforms4 ,it
 is the  scientific study of society1 of
 its constitution1 development1         
institutions1 and growth4 ,he must also 
breathe largely of the great            
governmental life of the                
race--understand the primary principles 
of  politics and administration4 ,he    
should have some knowledge of commercial
  interests1 of the formulas1           
incentives1 and right principles of     
trade4    ,there should also be in the  
seminary an inspirational atmosphere of 
music1 literature1 and art4 ,literature 
is a revelation of the life of  the     
soul4 ,the man who reads literature and 

comprehends its message is  receiving a 
fine training which shall fit him for a 
thorough  understanding of the heart2 of
 its practical1 ethical1 and spiritual  
problems2 of its domestic joys and      
sorrows2 of its human cares and         
burdens2 of the appeals that will come  
to him for sympathy2 of the  temptations
 that beset the race2 and of the hopes  
and trials of  the world4    ,literature
 is one of the best tools a minister can
 have4 ,he should be  read in the great 
literary and sermonic literature1 the   
work of ,bossuet1  ,massillon1          
,chrysostom1 ,augustine1 ,fnelon1       
,marcus ,aurelius1 mediaeval  homilies1 
,epictetus1 ,pascal1 ,guyon1 ,amiel1    
,vinet1 ,la ,brunetire1 ,phelps1        
,jeremy ,taylor1 ,barrows1 ,fuller1     
,whitefield1 ,bushnell1 ,edwards1       
,bacon1  ,newman1 ,ruskin1 ,carlyle1    
,emerson1 ,davies1 ,law1 ,bunyan1       
,luther1 ,spalding1  ,robertson1        
,kingsley1 ,maurice1 ,chalmers1         
,guthrie1 ,stalker1 ,drummond1          

,maclaren1 ,channing1 ,beecher1 and     
,phillips ,brooks1 yes1 even ,john      
,stuart  ,mill4 ,all these men1 by      
whatever name or school they are called1
 are  writers of essays or sermons which
 appeal to the most spiritual deeps  of 
man4    ,he should read the novels of   
,richter1 ,thackeray1 ,dickens1 ,scott1 
,eliot1  and ,victor ,hugo4 ,he should  
know intimately the great verse which   
involves spiritual problems1 and human  
strife and aspiration1--,milton1        
,bewulf1 ,caedmon1 ,chaucer1            
,shakespeare1 ,spenser1 ballads1 sagas1 
the  ,arthur-,saga1 the ,nibelungenlied1
 ,wordsworth1 ,coleridge1 ,keats1       
,herbert1  ,tennyson1 ,browning1 ,dante 
and ,christina ,rossetti1 ,whittier1    
,lowell1  ,longfellow1 to say nothing of
 ,goethe1 ,corneille1 and the ,greek1   
,roman1  ,persian1 ,egyptian1 ,hindu1   
and ,arabian verse4    ,in music his    
heart should wake to the beauty of      
oratorios1 symphonies1  chorals1 concert
 music1 national and military music1 and

 inspiring  songs1 not to speak of hymns
 and of anthems1 the progress of        
,christian  song6 ,the ,creation1 the   
,messiah1 the ,redemption1 ,bach's      
,passion  ,music1 the ,st4 ,cecilia     
,mass1 ,spohr's ,judgment1 ,stainer's   
,resurrection1 the ,twelfth ,mass1      
,mendelssohn's ,elijah1--these are      
monumental works and themes4    ,what is
 a hymn8 ,we think of it as being some  
simple churchly words1 set  to a serious
 tune4 ,a hymn is the rhythmic          
aspiration of the race4 ,no one  can    
look through a good hymnal--through     
,hymns ,ancient and ,modern1 for        
instance1 or the ,church                
,hymnary--without feeling that therein  
is bound  up the devotional life of the 
world4 ,the spiritual outlook is cosmic4
  ,our every mood of penitence1 praise1 
and aspiration resounds in  melodious   
and time-defying strains4    ,in art1   
the religious spirit broods over the    
great work of the world4 ,in  ,angelo1  
,francesca1 ,veronese1 ,botticelli1     

,titian1 ,raphael1 ,tintoretto1  and    
,correggio1 the brush of the painter has
 set forth the adoration of  the ,church
 of ,god4    ,thus1 taken all in all1 to
 be educated as a minister should be to 
be  educated in the ,higher ,life of the
 race4    ,finally1 above all else is   
the spiritual study and interpretation  
of the  ,word of ,god4 ,a minister may  
be fearless of the investigations of    
scientific criticism4 ,every truth is   
important to him1 but not all  truths   
are vital4 ,when a man such as ,caspar  
,rene ,gregory speaks1  something of the
 holy mystery and inspiration of        
biblical research1 as  well as a        
scientific result1 is presented1 and one
 gains a new  conception of what it     
really means to study and to understand 
the  ,word of ,god4    ,under all is the
 life of ceaseless and prevailing       
prayer4 ,by the life of  prayer1 many   
mean merely a way of learning to make   
public petitions1 an  objective appeal  
to ,god4 ,the true life of prayer is as 

simple1 as  unteachable1 and as vital as
 the life of a child with its           
mother--the  little lips daily learning 
new ways of approach to its mother's    
heart1  and new words to make its wants 
and interests and sorrows known4        
,prayer is the true ,world-,power4 ,just
 as there are vast stretches in the     
world where the foot of man has never   
trod1 so there are unmeasured  regions  
whereon prayer has never been4 ,the more
 we pray1 the more  illimitable appears 
this spiritual realm4 ,and all about us 
in the  universe are also great hidden  
forces3 nothing will lay hold of them   
but prayer4    ,each prayer enlarges the
 soul4 ,the measure of our praying is   
the measure  of our growth4 ,no man has 
reached his full possibilities of       
achievement  who has not completed the  
circuit of his possible prayers4 ,power 
is  proportionate to prayer4    ,and    
last of all1 there is the inspiration of
 the ,holy ,spirit4 ,what it  is1 who   
may say8 ,but that it is real1 who can  

doubt8 ,to read the lives  of ,wesley1  
,whitefield1 ,finney1 ,moody1 is to feel
 a strange1 deep thrill4  ,they are men 
who spake1 and men listened2 who called1
 and men came to  ,god4 ,others1 alas1  
so often call1 and there is no response4
 ,they cannot  make headway through the 
indifference1 the sloth1 the            
materialism1 and  the inherent vulgarity
 of the world4    ,the life itself is   
arduous4 ,after all is said1 it is not  
quite the same  task to examine and     
classify either protoplasm or the most  
highly  organized forms of nature1 that 
it is to analyze and understand the     
mysterious workings of the heart1 the   
intricacies of conscience and  conduct1 
the possibilities of spiritual          
development or of moral  downfall1 and  
the many questionings1 agonies1 and     
ecstasies of the soul  of man4 ,and they
 are to be studied and understood with  
the definite and  positive aim of the   
absolute reconstruction of the          
world-bound spirit--a  change of its    

motives1 purposes1 affections1 ideals4  
,more than this1  there must be at the  
heart of the more thoughtful minister a 
philosophic  basis for the              
reconstruction of society itself4       
,youth is not an adequate preparation   
for this task3 a man must live and      
grow4 ,to deal with such themes and     
occasions1 there must appear in the     
world lives of such vigor that they can 
command2 of such charm1 that  they can  
attract2 of such wisdom1 that they can  
guide and comfort2 of  such vitality1   
that they can inspire4 ,and hence there 
rises before the  mind's eye a figure   
that is both knightly and kingly--a man 
earnest in  the redress of wrong1 and   
who yet holds a subtle authority over   
the  forces that make for wrong2 a man  
burdened with the cares and sorrows of  
many others1 and yet conducting his own 
life with serenity1 enthusiasm1         
dignity1 and hope2 a man to whose keen  
yet tender gaze a life-history  is      
revealed by a word or tone1 but whose   

own eyes receive their light  from ,god4
 ,a prophet and a father1 a priest and a
 counsellor1 a brother1  friend1 and    
judge1 a sacrifice and an inspiration   
should he be who1 in  reverence and     
love1 brings before a waiting           
congregation the very  ,word of ,life6  
,,second3 ,,of ,,spiritual ,,rule    #a4
 ,the primary rule is over conscience4  
,the man who sways a conscience  sways a
 human life4 ,the man who sways a       
nation's conscience controls  that      
nation's life4 ,to rule conscience1 a   
man must himself be  unprejudiced and   
well informed4 ,he must strive1 not to  
keep up an  unhealthy excitement which  
shall make conscience introspective and 
morbid1 but to preserve a sane moral    
outlook1 to encourage freedom of        
thought and judgment1 and to develop a  
normal conscience which reacts  promptly
 against wrong4 ,conscience measures our
 inner recoil from evil4  ,the power of 
a preacher is in direct proportion to   
the energy with which  he reveals sin in

 the heart of man1 and wakes his whole  
nature against  its insidious power4    
,sin is4 ,to-day1 sin is thought a      
somewhat brusque word1 lacking in       
polish4 ,to use it frequently is a mark 
of lack of 'savoir-faire6  ,indeed to   
speak of it at all is as archaic as to  
speak of the  ,ichthyosaurus4 ,but sin  
is a root-fact of the life of man4 ,it  
is the  office of the spiritual teacher 
to pluck out sin2 to pierce the heart   
with a recognition of the enormity of   
sin1 and of its far-reaching            
consequences2 to stir the seared        
conscience1 rouse the apathetic life1   
thrill the spiritual imagination1 and to
 quicken the heart to better  love and  
to nobler dreams4 ,he rebukes the       
private sins of individuals  and the    
public sins of nations4 ,in the ,faerie 
,queene1 the  soul-diseased knight was  
in a state         ,in which his torment
 often was so great1        ,that like a
 lyon he would cry and rare1        ,and
 rend his flesh1 and his own synewes    

eat4    ,but ,fidelia1 like the faithful
 pastor1 was both                       
able with her word to kill1       ,and  
raise againe to life the heart that she 
did thrill4    ,this power has at times 
been misunderstood and misapplied4 ,no  
human  authority can bind the           
conscience1 nor set rules and           
regulations for the  soul of man4 ,the  
prerogative of final direction belongs  
to ,god alone4 ,no  man may arrogate    
it--no pastor for people1 no husband for
 wife1 no wife  for husband1 no parent  
for child4 ,the sadness of the world has
 been1  that men have not always been   
spiritually free4 ,freedom has been a   
social growth--a phase of progress4 ,it 
has taken wars and persecutions1        
revolutions and reformations1 the blood 
of saints and martyrs1 the  sorrow of   
ages1 to plant this precept in the mind 
of man4    ,the evangelist warns4 ,he   
speaks of sin1 death1 hell1 and the     
judgment  to come4 ,it is for these     
things that he is sent to testify4      

,these are  not the catch-words of a new
 sort of ,fear ,king who uses oral      
terrors to  affright the soul of man4   
,heaven and hell are not a new sort of  
ghost-land3 retribution is not a larger 
way of tribal revenge4    ,no4 ,the     
latest facts of science present this    
universe as not only  progressive1 but  
as retributive4 ,there is a rebound of  
evil which makes  for pain4 ,each broken
 law exacts a penalty4 ,each deed of sin
 is a  forerunner of personal and of    
social disaster4 ,the generation that   
sins  shall be cut off1 while the stock 
of the righteous grows strong from  age 
to age4    ,the scientific vista opening
 to the eye of man is impressive and    
appalling4 ,each man has within himself 
a future of joy or sadness for  the     
race4 ,do you remember the sermon of    
,horace ,bushnell on the  ,populating   
,power of the ,christian ,faith8 ,do you
 recall the history of  the infamous    
,jukes family8 ,that of the seven devout
 and noble  generations of the ,murrays8

 ,the ,day of ,judgment is not only the 
,last  ,great ,day--it is to-day and    
every day4 ,every day is ,doomsday1 says
  ,emerson4 ,nature is unforgetful4     
,nature is accountant4 ,each iniquity   
must  be paid for out of the resources  
of the race4    ,it is of these grave   
omens that the ,man of ,god must speak4 
,he dare not  be tongue-tied by custom  
or by fear4 ,he must proclaim hell in   
the ears  of all mankind4 ,for wherever 
hell may be1 and we do not yet know1 and
  whatever hell may be1 and we cannot   
even imagine1 ,hell is2 and the  soul of
 man must be kept mindful of these great
 things4    ,the evangelist comforts and
 consoles4 ,the heart of man is wayward 
and  goes oft astray4 ,no one can be    
belabored into righteousness4 ,the true 
lover of souls allows for the hereditary
 weaknesses of man1 for his  infirmities
 of will and temper1 for his excuses1   
wanderings1 and tears1  and presents to 
him ,jesus1 in whose sight no one is too
 wretched to be  received1 too wicked to

 be forgiven4    ,we must have          
forgiveness in order to know ,god4 ,the 
most comforting  thought in the world is
 that ,god knows all we do4 ,there can  
be no  misunderstanding between us3 ,he 
cannot be misinformed4    ,the          
evangelist must come close1 in sympathy 
and counsel1 to the personal  and       
individual life of those whom he would  
help4 ,perhaps the best way to          
emphasize this point would be to insert 
here words written by a woman  who has  
been thinking on this subject4    ,she  
says3 ,i have never had a pastor4 ,it is
 the one good thing lacking  in my life4
 ,i have grown up among ministers1 and  
have had many friends  among them--some 
of them have cared for me4 ,but there   
has never been one  among them all who  
stood in an attitude of spiritual       
authority and  helpfulness to my life4  
,we church-going and ,christian men and 
women of  the educated class are almost 
wholly let alone2 apparently no one     
takes  thought for our souls4 ,we are   

not in the least infallible2 we come    
face  to face with fierce temptations2  
we have heart-breaking sorrows2 we are  
burdened with anxiety and perplexity4   
,but we are left to grope as blind      
sheep2 there is no one to point out the 
path to us1 however dimly2 no  one to   
say1 at any crucial moment of our lives1
 ,walk here6    ,once1 however1 she     
continues1 one of my friends1 a         
minister1 knelt  down by me and prayed4 
,it was a simple and ordinary           
occasion--others  were present4 ,but    
every word of that prayer was meant for 
the uplifting  of my heart4 ,in that    
hour1 ,i was as if overshadowed by the  
,holy ,ghost2  new aims and purposes    
were born within me4 ,my friend loves   
me--that does  not matter--it is his    
spiritual intensity ,i care for4 ,and   
this is his  reward for his fidelity and
 tenderness3 ,in the hour when ,i come  
to die1  when one does not ask for      
father or mother1 or husband or wife1 or
  brother or sister1 or friend or child1

 but only for the strong comfort  of the
 man of ,god--in that hour1 ,i say1 if  
,i be at all able to make my  wishes    
known1 ,i shall send for that man to    
come to me4 ,he1 and no other1  shall   
present my soul to ,god4    ,reading the
 above words1 more than one minister    
will cry out1 his eyes  blazing3 ,i say 
the same to you6 ,who is there that     
tries to shield the  minister from      
sorrow and from pain8 ,who is there to  
comfort and help  him8 ,you think we can
 just go on1 and preach1 preach1 preach1
 standing  utterly alone1 and with no   
one on earth to keep our own hearts     
close to  ,god6 ,i tell you1 it is a    
lonely and weary work at times1 this    
being a  minister6    ,yes1 there must  
be a people1 as well as a pastor4 ,the  
relation is  reciprocal4 ,wherever there
 is a strong man1 leaning down in fire  
and  tenderness to help the lives about 
him1 there must be a loyal and loving   
congregation1 with here and there in it 
some one who more fully  appreciates and

 understands4 ,nothing beats down and   
discourages a man  more than to feel    
that he is preaching to cold air and not
 to human  folks1 and to get back1 when 
he offers sympathy1 a stare4    ,a      
congregation is a mysterious and subtle 
social force4 ,its effect on a  minister
 he can neither analyze nor explain4    
,but he knows that its power  is        
mesmeric and cannot be escaped4 ,he goes
 into its presence from an  hour of     
exalted and uplifted prayer1 serene1    
happy1 strong1 and prepared  to speak   
words of power and life4 ,gazing at his 
people--he can never  tell why--the     
words freeze on his lips4 ,an icy hand  
seems laid upon his  heart1 and he makes
 a cold and formal presentation of his  
glowing theme1  and wonders who or what 
has done it all4 ,something satanic and 
repelling has laid hold of his tongue   
and brain4    ,or again1 he may have had
 a worried and troubled week1 full of   
personal  anxiety and sorrow4 ,he has   
not had full time to study--he feels    

quite  unprepared1 and enters the pulpit
 with a halting step1 and a choking     
fear of failure at his heart4    ,in a  
moment1 the world changes4 ,something   
imperceptible1 but sweet and            
comforting1 steals over him1--an        
uplifting atmosphere of attention1      
sympathy1 affection4 ,he begins to      
speak1 very quietly at first1 with      
quite an effort4 ,but the congregation  
leads him on1 to deeper thoughts1  to   
nobler words1 to modulations of voice   
that carry him quite beyond  himself4   
,his voice rises1 and every syllable is 
firm and musical4 ,his  language springs
 from some far centre of inspiration4   
,he is conscious of  superb power1 and  
as sentence after sentence falls from   
his  lips----sentences that amaze       
himself more than any other----he enters
  into the supreme height of joy1 that  
of being a spiritual messenger to  the  
hearts of longing men and women4 ,he and
 they together talk of ,god4    ,this   
sympathetic atmosphere makes great      

preachers and great men4 ,in  return1   
there flows from a pastor toward his    
people a love that few can  know or     
understand4    #b4 ,his rule is also    
over spiritual enthusiasm4 ,what is a   
revival8 ,we  confound it with a local  
excitement1 a community-sensation of an 
hysterical and passing type--with       
sensational disturbances1 falling       
exercises1 shouts1 weeping1 and the     
like4 ,a revival is something far       
different4 ,a revival is an awakening of
 the community heart and mind4 ,it  is a
 quickening of dead1 backsliding1 or    
inattentive souls4    ,man as an        
individual is quite a different person  
from the same man in a  crowd4 ,one is  
himself alone2 the other is himself1    
plus the influence of  the ,social      
,mind4 ,a revival is a social state1 in 
which the social  religious enthusiasm  
is stirred up4 ,it is a lofty form of   
religion1 just  as the patriotism which 
breaks forth in tears and cheers as     
troops go  out to war is a finer type   

than the mere excitement and fervor of  
one  patriotic man4 ,what would the     
,queen's ,jubilee have been1 if but one 
soldier had marched up and down8 ,a     
great commemoration6 ,if we grant the   
reality of national rejoicing in the    
royal jubilees1 commercial  rejoicing in
 business men's processions1 university 
enthusiasm on  ,commencement ,day--shall
 we not grant the reality of the        
religious  interest and enthusiasm of a 
great revival1 in which whole           
communities  shall be led to a clearer  
knowledge of spiritual things8    ,the  
,crusades were a magnificent revival4   
,the ,reformation was a revival4  ,the  
,salvation ,army movement is a revival4 
,but the greatest revival of  all times 
is even now upon us3 it is a revival in 
the scientific  circles of the race4    
,time was when science and religion were
 supposed to  be at odds2 to-day the    
intellectual phalanxes are sweeping     
,christward  with an impetus that is    
sublime6 ,thinkers are finding in the   

large life  of religion a motive power  
for their thought1 their growth--a      
reason for  their existence--a forecast 
of their destiny4 ,we are beginning to  
realize the dynamic value of ,belief4   
,this revival is coming1 not with       
shouts and noise1 but with the quiet    
insistence of new ideas1 of new         
facts--with the still voice of          
scientific announcement4 ,the atheist is
  being overcome1 not by emotion1 but by
 evidence2 the scoffer is being  put    
down by cool logic4    ,hence the       
evangelist of to-day is more than a man 
who can popularly  address a public     
audience1 and by tales and tears arouse 
a weeping  commotion4 ,the evangelist is
 a man of intellect and prayer1 who can 
preach the gospel to a scientific age1  
and to a thinking coterie--a  coterie of
 college men and mechanics1 of society  
women and  servant-girls1 of poets and  
of mine-diggers1 of convicts and of     
reformers4 ,to-day calls for the utmost 
intellectual resources of the  teacher  

of the truth1 for a great imagination1  
great style1 great  sympathy with men1  
large learning1 and unceasing prayer6   
#c4 ,his rule is over social ideals4 ,he
 must be a man of social insight4  ,the 
social spirit is abroad in the world1   
but it is woefully erratic  and         
misguided4 ,any one thinks he can be an 
altruist4 ,why not8 ,take a  class in a 
college settlement1 make some bibs for a
 day nursery1 give  tramps a ,c4,o4,s4  
card1 with one's compliments1 and attend
 about six  lectures a year on          
,philanthropy--the lectures very good   
indeed4 ,one is  then a full-fledged    
altruist1 n'est-ce pas8    ,the         
philanthropy of to-day has a bewildering
 iridescence of aspect4 ,each  present  
impulse is reformatory4 ,correction1    
like a centipede1 shows a  hundred legs 
and wants to run upon them all4 ,much of
 the so-called  philanthropy is not well
 balanced and is run by cranks4 ,cranks 
attach  themselves to any social        
movement1 as a shaggy gown will gather  

burrs4  ,it is not all of philanthropy  
to classify degenerates1 titter at      
ignorance1 and to go a-peeping through  
the slums6 ,we have not yet  realized   
the fulness of redemption4 ,of what     
avail is it to save one  street-,arab1  
or one ,chinaman1 if a million ,arabs   
and ,chinamen remain  unsaved8          
,redemption is a race-savior3 it seizes 
not only the individual1  but his       
environment1 his friends1 and his future
 state4    ,the true minister is a      
reformer4 ,a reformer is one who        
re-crystallizes  the social ideals of   
man1 who breaks up idols and bad        
customs1 and  sweeps away abuses4 ,but  
we must first ask3 ,what is an idol8    
,what is a  bad custom8 ,what is an     
abuse8 ,they are social standards which 
are out of  harmony with true concepts  
of ,god1 life1 and duty4 ,behind the    
work of  the reformer is the dream of   
the reformer1 the meditation of the     
mystic1  the seer4 ,he must first have  
in mind a plain1 clear conception of    

what  the relation is of man to ,god1 of
 what man's environment should be1 and  
of what the society of the ,kingdom     
should be4 ,the reformer is one who     
changes an existing social environment  
for approximately this ideal            
environment of his own thought4 ,when he
 breaks an idol1 it is not the  idol    
itself that he everlastingly hates1 it  
is the materialistic concept  of the    
community4 ,what he wishes in place of  
the idol is a right  conception4 ,no man
 could break up every idol in the       
,sandwich ,islands4  ,but a man went    
about implanting a spiritual idea of    
,god1 and the idols  disappeared4       
,hence the work of the reformer is deep 
and heart-searching work4 ,it  means    
constant study of the spiritual needs of
 the age1 continual  insight into the   
material forces which are moulding the  
age-images1  money1 conquest1 or        
whatever they may be4 ,he wishes to     
maintain a  spiritual hold on           
civilization itself1 so to transform the

 ideal within  a man1 a community1 a    
nation1 in regard to custom1 observance1
 belief1  that the outer rite shall     
follow4    ,to reform is not to rush    
through the slums1 and then preach a    
sensational sermon about bad places in  
the slums1 of which most people  never  
knew before6 ,to reform is to know      
something of the conditions  which      
produce the slums--it is not to scatter 
the slum-people broadcast  elsewhere in 
the town2 it is not alone to give them  
baths1 playgrounds1  circulating        
libraries of books and pictures1        
dancing-parties1 and social  clubs4 ,to 
reform the slums is to set up a new     
ideal of ,god1 and of  righteous conduct
 in the heart of the slum-dwellers4 ,one
 must know  something of the slow       
processes of social change1 of social   
assimilation1 growth1 and stability1 to 
have an intellectual perception  of the 
problem1 as well as a spiritual one4    
,one does not make an ill-fed  child    
strong by stuffing five pounds of       

oatmeal down its throat6    ,the        
reformer must not only be a man of      
energy1 he must be a man of  patience4  
,great reforms come slowly4 ,as man has 
advanced1 idleness1  indolence1         
brutality1 tyranny1 drunkenness1 cant1  
and social scorn are  gradually being   
cast out4 ,but behind these simple words
 lie hid  centuries of strife and       
endeavor1 and limitless darkenings of   
human hope4    ,to fly against vice is  
merely to invite enmity and opposition4 
,to  present a pure and noble ideal1 to 
breathe forth a holy atmosphere for  the
 soul1 are constructive works4 ,the     
trouble is not1 that the ministers      
preach on social themes--all themes that
 concern the life of man are  social    
themes4 ,it is that they do piece-work  
and patch-work of reform1  instead of   
plain1 direct upbuilding work in the    
souls and consciences of  men4 ,to      
preach upon horse-stealing is one thing4
 ,the horse-stealer may  be impressed1  
convicted1 made penitent1 and return the

 stolen horse4 ,but  not until his heart
 is imbued with a spiritual conception  
of honesty1 as  the law of ,god1 will he
 steal a stray horse no more4 ,hence the
 first  questions in reform are not3    
,how many groggeries are there in my    
parish8  ,how many corrupt polls8 ,how  
many hypocrites on my church-roll8 ,the 
question is3 ,how is my parish society  
in enmity to the highest spiritual      
ideal ,i know8 ,many men preach about   
saloons1 when they ought to be          
preaching about ,christ4    ,the force  
of this reform-energy is uncomputed4 ,we
 hear of occasional  great reformers1   
but forget that there has been a        
prevailing influence  extending over the
 ages1 of holy men of ,god1 who have    
preached and  taught and prayed2 who    
have preserved our social institutions  
of  spiritual import1 and have been a   
mighty and continuous force working  for
 righteousness and peace4    ,missions  
are a higher form of politics4 ,to      
further missions is to  further         

government1 international comity1       
world-peace4    #d4 ,his rule is over   
creed4 ,he is inevitably a teacher of   
doctrine4    ,what is doctrine8         
,doctrine is spiritual truth1 formulated
 in a  systematic way4 ,it is also1 in  
church matters1 a system of truth which 
has been believed in1 and clung to1 by a
 body of believers constituting  some   
branch of the catholic ,church4    ,it  
is a noble and serious office to hand   
down from generation to  generation the 
faith and traditions of the ,church of  
,god4 ,but this  handing-down must be   
upright4 ,you must bind nothing upon    
your charges1  says ,jeremy ,taylor1 but
 what ,god hath bound upon you4         
,conviction is at  the root of the      
lasting traditions of the ,church4 ,only
 this--his  conviction--can one man     
really teach another4 ,if he try to     
speak  otherwise1 he shall have a       
lolling and unsteady tongue4    ,no soul
 is finally held by the indefinite1 or  
the namby-pamby4 ,it begins  to         

question1 ,upon what foundation does    
this phrase1 this fine sentiment1  rest8
 ,it must stand upon a proposition4     
,this proposition rests either  upon a  
scientific fact1 or upon that which1 for
 want of a more definite  term1 we call 
the religious instinct of man4 ,but a   
proposition cannot  standalone4 ,it is  
connected with other propositions1      
arguments1  conclusions4 ,hence a system
 of logic1 of philosophy1 of expressed  
belief1 of doctrine1 inevitably grows up
 in a thinking community1 a  thinking   
,church4    ,the statement of an        
ecclesiastical system of doctrine may   
not be the  absolutely true one1 nor the
 final one4 ,doctrine changes1 even as  
scientific theories change with fuller  
information4 ,doctrine also  expands1   
with the growth of the human spirit and 
understanding4 ,to-day1  in one's       
library1 one has a thousand books4 ,they
 are shelved and  catalogued1 for       
reference1 in a special order4 ,but     
years hence1 one's  grandson1 who       

inherits these books1 may have ten      
thousand books4 ,the  aspect of the     
library is changed4 ,it is filled with  
new volumes1 and new  thought4 ,shall we
 give a liberty to a man's library which
 we refuse to  his belief8 ,must he--and
 his church--have only his grandfather's
 ideas1  standards1 and decrees8    ,the
 tenets of a sect are the theological   
arrangement of belief which for  the    
present seems best2 it is the systematic
 arrangement of facts so far  examined1 
determined1 and classified4 ,but no     
system of theology can be  final4       
,thought is moving on4 ,experience is   
progressive4 ,providence is  continually
 revealing4 ,the race is a              
creed-builder1 as well as a builder  of 
pyramids1 cathedrals1 and triumphal     
arches4    ,the building-up of doctrine 
is superb4 ,into doctrine are woven the 
intellectual beliefs1 the emotional     
experiences1 and the spiritual          
struggles of mankind4 ,doctrine is an   
attempt to classify the spiritual       

problems of the race and to present a   
theory of redemption which shall  be    
adequate1 spiritually progressive1 and  
the exact expression1 so far  as yet    
revealed1 of the will of ,god for man4  
,all ,christian doctrine is  centred    
about one point3 the redemption of the  
race from sin4 ,dealing  with such great
 and fundamental themes1 each system of 
doctrine is an  intellectual triumph4   
,doctrine is an intellectual necessity4 
,christ is not sporadic1 either in      
history or philosophy4 ,to teach        
,christ1 as the unlettered savage may   
who has just learned of ,christ the     
,saviour and turns to teach his         
fellow-savages1 might do good or save a 
soul from death4 ,but in order to       
command the intellectual respect of the 
race1 there must be another form  of    
teaching yet than this1 a teaching which
 presents ,christ in the  historic and  
philosophic setting3 the central ,figure
 in a great body of  associated         
spiritual truth2 ,christ as the         

fulfilment of prophecy1 the  means of   
social adjustment and regeneration2 the 
,finisher of our ,faith1  and the       
,source of eternal joy4 ,we must be1 not
 less spiritual  ,christians1 but       
increasingly intellectual ones1 as time 
rolls on4    ,who are the men who have  
built up doctrine8 ,men speak as if     
doctrine  were an ecclesiastical toy--to
 be shaken by priest or prelate1 as one 
shakes a rattle1 for noise1 for play6 ,a
 doctrine is not a toy2 it is the       
crystallized belief of earnest1         
thoughtful1 and godly men--belief which 
has passed into a church tradition1 and 
is now received as an act  of faith4    
,shall doctrine be taught a child8 ,yes6
 ,to have a specific doctrine  clearly  
in mind does not fetter the young soul1 
any more than to be  taught the apparent
 facts of geography and history1 which  
may change  either in reality or in his 
own interpretation as his mind matures4 
,a  doctrine is a practical and definite
 thing to work with2 in later life  to  

believe1 and to approve of1 or          
disbelieve1 and disapprove of4 ,if a    
man wishes to build a house1 does it    
fetter him to know square measure1      
cubic contents1 geometry1 mensuration1  
and mechanical laws8 ,yet when he       
builds his house1 he builds it in his   
own individual way2 he stamps it  with  
his own personality and ideas4 ,while   
building it1 perchance1 he  discovers   
some new relation or geometric law4     
,doctrine does not save from hell1 but  
it does save from many a snare  that    
besets the feet of man4 ,it is a        
steadier of life1 a strengthener of     
hope1 a stalwart aid to a practical1    
devout1 and duty-doing life4 ,a         
catechism is a system of doctrine       
expressed in its simplest form4         
,therefore1 for the intellectual and    
moral training of the ,church1 let us   
have sound doctrine in the pulpit1 and  
the catechism in the home and           
,sabbath-school4    ,it is objected that
 doctrinal terminology is too hard for a

 child to  understand4 ,is this not     
absurd1 when the same child can come    
home from  school and talk glibly of a  
parallelepipedon1 a rhombus1 rhomboid1  
polyhedral angle1 archipelago1 law of   
primogeniture1 the binomial  theorem1   
and of a dicotyledon6 ,he also learns   
,french1 ,german1 ,latin1  ,greek1 and  
the argot of the public school6    ,the 
theological leader of to-day cannot be a
 creed-monger3 he must be a             
creed-maker4 ,side by side with the     
executive officers who will  reorganize 
the ,christian forces1 there will stand 
great creed-makers1  giant theologians1 
firm1 logical1 scientific1 and          
convincing1 who1 out  of the vast array 
of new facts brought forth by modern    
science1 will  produce new creeds1 a new
 catechism1 a new dogmatic series4 ,it  
is worth  while to live in these        
days--to know the possibility of such   
monumental  constructive work in one's  
own lifetime4 ,the creed-makers must    
have a  thorough literary training2 no  

mere vocabulary of philosophy will      
answer4 ,like the ,elizabethan divines1 
they must rule the living word1  which  
shall echo for a century yet to come4   
,as the great ,ecumenical ,council was  
convened for missionary progress1 so    
the times are now ripe for the          
assembling of a historic ,theological   
,council1 to revise and restate1 not one
 denominational catechism1 but  the     
creed of ,christendom2 to provide a new 
literary expression of the  ,christian  
faith4 ,together we are working in      
,god's world1 and for  ,his kingdom4    
,if doctrine be the crystallized thought
 and belief of godly men1 what is       
heresy8 ,what is schism8 ,who is        
dictator of doctrine8 ,how far are the  
limits of authority to be pressed8 ,what
 are the bounds of ecclesiastical       
control8 of intellectual mandate in the 
,christian ,church8    ,in the academic 
world1 we do not cast a man out of his  
mathematical  chair because he can also 
work in astro-physics or in             

psycho-physics4 ,if  he can pursue      
advanced research in an allied or       
applied field1 it will  help him in his 
regular and prescribed work4 ,we do not 
cast an ,english  professor out of his  
chair1 because he announces that there  
are two  manuscripts of ,layamon's      
,brut1 and that the text of ,bewulf has 
been  many times worked over1 before we 
have received it in its present form4   
,yet there are accredited professors of 
,english who do not know these  facts1  
and who1 if called upon1 could neither  
prove them nor disprove  them4 ,they    
have not worked in the ,bodleian1 in the
 ,british ,museum1 or in  other foreign 
libraries1 on ,old ,english texts and   
authorities4 ,they  think themselves    
well up in ,old ,english if they can    
translate the text  of ,bewulf fairly   
well1 remember its most difficult       
vocabulary1 and can  tell a tale or two 
from the ,brut4    ,not every man has   
,europe or ,asia in his backyard1 nor a 
lifetime of  leisure for research1 for  

special learning1 on the moot questions 
of  church-scholarship4 ,progress       
consists in each man's doing his best to
  advance the interests of the kingdom  
of ,god in his own special sphere4      
,from others he must take something for 
granted4 ,the ear of the ,church  ought 
always to be open to the sayings of the 
specialist4 ,a ,church  should grant    
liberty of research1 of thought1 of     
speech--to a degree4    ,but whatever   
may come out of twentieth-century or    
thirtieth-century  combats1 one thing   
remains clear3 ,a ,church is an         
organization1 a social  body1 with a    
certain doctrine to proclaim1 a certain 
faith to hand down  to men4 ,the        
doctrine is not in all details          
final--each phase of faith  may change4 
,but the organization1 to protect its   
own purity and  integrity--however      
generous in allowing individual         
research1 and the  expression of        
individual ideas--must exert authority  
over the teachers  in her midst1 those  

who are called by her name1 who have her
 children in  their charge1 and for     
whose teaching the ,church1 as a whole1 
is  responsible4 ,there is doubtless a  
time when the man who is really in      
advance of his times intellectually must
 be misunderstood1 must be  disagreed   
with1 must be cast out4 ,but all truth  
may await the verdict of  time4 ,if he  
has discovered something new1 something 
true1 the centuries  will make it plain4
 ,there remains a chance--and the       
,church dare not risk  too great a      
chance--that he is mistaken1 impious1   
presumptuous1 or  self-deceived4 ,we    
dare not rush to a new doctrine or      
spiritual  conception1 merely because   
one man1 who knows more of a certain    
kind of  learning than we do1 has said  
so4 ,one must be bolstered up by a      
generation of convinced and believing   
men1 before he can draw a ,church  after
 him4 ,no other process is              
intellectually legitimate4 ,in any other
  event ecclesiastical anarchy would    

reign4 ,to maintain the historic        
position of the ,church is a necessity1 
until that position is proven  untrue4  
,so to maintain it is not bigotry1 it is
 not lack of charity2 it  is merely     
common-sense4    ,the question1 ,where  
is the line between ecclesiastical      
integrity and  individual freedom8 is   
therefore one which the common-sense of 
,christendom is left to solve--not      
to-day1 not to-morrow1 but gradually1   
generously1 and conscientiously1 as the 
centuries go on4      ,,third3          
,,obstacles ,,and ,,opportunity    ,it  
is said that a minister is greatly      
handicapped to-day in all his  efforts  
for two reasons3 ,first1 that the times 
are spiritually  lethargic1 that men are
 so engrossed by material aims1         
indifference1 or  sin that a pastor can 
get no hold upon their hearts4 ,second1 
that he is  bound hand and foot by      
conditions existing in the organization 
and  personnel of his church1 and hence 
is not free to act4    ,what would we   

think of an electrician who would       
complain that a storm  had cast down his
 network of wires8 ,of a civil engineer 
who would lament  that the mountain over
 which he was asked to project a road   
was steep8  ,of a doctor who would      
grieve that hosts of people about him   
were very  ill8 ,of a statesman who     
would cry out that horrid folks opposed 
him8 ,it  is the work of the specialist 
to meet emergencies1 and it is his      
professional pride to triumph over      
difficult conditions4 ,the harder his   
task1 the more he exults in his power of
 success4    ,it is a glorious task that
 lies before the minister of to-day--to 
maintain1 develop1 and uplift the       
spiritual life of the most wonderful    
epoch of the world's history2 to place  
upon human souls that vital  touch that 
shall hold their powers subject to      
eternal influences and  aims4 ,the times
 are not wholly unfavorable3 our era1   
which spurns many  ecclesiastical forms1
 is at heart essentially religious4 ,the

 ,world for  ,christ6 ,how this war-cry 
of the spirit thrills anew as one       
realizes how  much more there is to win 
to-day than ever before4 ,the ,warrior  
girds  himself and longs eagerly to     
marshal great1 shining1 active hosts    
for ,god6    ,it is true that the       
conditions of work are more trying than 
they have  usually been4 ,a man goes out
 from the seminary4 ,he has had a good  
education1 followed by perhaps a year or
 two abroad1 and some practical         
experience in sociological work4 ,he has
 plans1 ideas1 ideals1 a vigorous  and  
whole-souled personality1 a frank and   
generous heart4    ,what does he find8  
,he soon discovers that the battle is   
not always to  the strong1 the educated1
 or the well-bred4 ,too often he is at  
the mercy  of rich men who can scarcely 
put together a grammatical sentence2 of 
poorer men who are1 in church affairs1  
unscrupulous politicians2 of  women who 
carp and gossip2 and of all sorts of men
 and women who desire  to rule1         

criticise1 hinder1 and distrain4 ,they1 
too1 are the very people  who1 in the   
ears of ,god and of the community1 have 
vowed to love him and  to uphold his    
work6 ,the more intellectual and        
spiritual he is1 the more  he is        
troubled and distressed4    ,many       
churches1 too1 are in a chronic state of
 internal war4 ,as for  these rising    
church difficulties--try to put out a   
burning bunch of  fire-crackers with one
 finger1 and you have the sort of task  
he has in  hand4 ,while one point of    
explosion is being firmly suppressed1   
other  crackers are spitting and going  
off4 ,whichever way he turns1 and       
whatever he does1 something pops        
angrily1 and a new blaze begins6 ,and   
this business1 incredibly petty as it   
is1 blocks the progress of the          
,christian faith4 ,men and women of     
education and refinement1 of a wide     
outlook and noble thoughts and deeds1   
are more and more unwilling to  place   
themselves on the church-roll2 a        

minister sometimes finds himself  in the
 anomalous position of having the more  
cultured1 congenial1 and  philanthropic 
people of the community quite outside   
any church  organization4    ,all these 
things mean1 not that a minister must   
grow discouraged1 but  that he must set 
his teeth1 and with pluck and endurance 
rise strong and  masterful and say1     
,this shall not be6 ,let him not listen 
to the barking  and baying3 let him     
hearken to the great primal voices of   
man and  nature4 ,love lies deeper than 
discord4 ,the constructive forces of    
humanity are stronger than the          
disintegrative4 ,the right  attraction  
binds4    ,there are some men who by the
 sheer force of their personality subdue
  their church difficulties4 ,they hold 
the captious in awe4 ,by a sort of      
magnetic persuasion and lively sense of 
humor they soothe this one and  that1   
win the regard of the outlying          
community1 attach many new members  to  
the organization1 and build up1 out of  

discordant and erstwhile  discontented  
elements1 a harmonious and active       
church4 ,this is the man  for these     
martial times6 ,if there are born       
leaders in every other  department of   
the world's work1 men who quietly but   
firmly assert their  authority and      
supremacy in the tasks in which they    
hold1 by free  election or legitimate   
appointment1 a place at the head--it    
ought to be  so in the ,church of ,god6 
,i long to see arise in the ministry a  
race  of iron6    ,there are other      
difficulties1 seldom spoken of1 of which
 one must write  frankly1 though with   
the keenest sympathy1 if one is to look 
deeply into  the modern church problem4 
,first3 ,is a minister's environment    
favorable  to his best personal         
development8 ,does he not miss much from
 the lack of  the world's hearty        
give-and-take8 ,he gets criticism1 but  
not of a just  or all-round kind4 ,small
 things may be pecked at1 trifles may be
 made  mountains of by the disgruntled1 

but where does he get a clear-sighted1  
whole-hearted estimate of himself and   
his work8 ,who tells him of his  real   
virtues1 his real faults8 ,among all his
 friends1 who is there1 man  or woman1  
who is brave enough to be true8         
,other men are soon shaken into place4  
,their personal traits continually      
undergo a process of chiselling and     
adjustment4 ,they are told              
uncomfortable things how quickly6 ,at   
the club1 in the university1 in  the    
market1 the ploughing-field1 the        
counting-room1 they rub up against  each
 other1 and no mercy is shown by man to 
man until primary signs of  crudeness   
are worn off4 ,let a conceited professor
 get in a college  chair6 ,watch a      
hundred students begin their delightful 
and salutary  process of taking him down
 by the sort of mirth in which college  
boys  excel6 ,their unkindness is not   
right1 but the result is1 they never    
molest a man who is merely eccentric4   
,watch a scientific association jump    

with all fours upon a man who has  just 
read a paper before their body6 ,how    
unsparingly they analyze and  criticise6
 ,he has to meet questions1 opposition1 
comments1 shafts of wit  and envy1      
jovial teasing and correction4 ,he goes 
out from the meeting  with a keener love
 of truth and exactness1 and a less     
exalted idea of  his own powers4 ,watch 
the rivalry and sparring that go on in  
any  business4 ,men meet men who attack 
them2 they fight and overcome them1 or  
are themselves overcome4    ,human      
friction is not always harmful4 ,a      
minister should not be hurt or  angered 
by disagreement and discussion4 ,no     
one's ideas are final4 ,let  him expect 
to stand in the very midst of a         
high-strung1 spirited1 and  hard-working
 generation4 ,let him be turned out of  
doors4 ,let him travel1  look1 learn1   
meet men and women1 and conquer in the  
arena of manhood4  ,then1 by means of   
this undaunted manhood1 he may the      
better guide the  fiery enthusiasms of  

men1 inspire their higher ambitions1 and
 comfort  them in their bitter human    
sorrows6    ,again1 too often a minister
 is spoiled in his first charge by      
flattery1  polite lies1 and gushing     
women4 ,he is sadly overpraised4 ,a     
bright young  fellow comes from the     
seminary4 ,he can preach2 that is1 he   
can prepare  interesting essays1 chiefly
 of a literary sort1 which are pleasant 
to  listen to1 though1 in the nature of 
things1 they can have scarcely a  word  
in them of that deep1 life-giving       
experience and counsel which come  from 
the hearts of men and women who have    
lived1 and know the truth of  life4 ,he 
is told that these sermons are lovely1  
beautiful1 so  inspiring1 and he        
believes every word of praise4 ,no one  
says to him1  ,when you know more1 you  
will preach better1 and his standard of 
excellence does not advance4 ,this man1 
who might have become a great  preacher1
 remains1 as years go on1 alas6 an      
intellectual potterer4    ,he is also   

socially made too much of1 being one of 
the very few men  available for golf and
 afternoon teas1 suppers1 picnics1      
tennis1  charity-bazaars4 ,other men are
 frankly too busy for much of these     
things1 except for healthful recreation2
 and not infrequently one finds  stray  
ministers absolutely the only men at    
some function to which men  have been   
invited4    ,a minister is not a        
parlor-pet4 ,how many a time an         
energetic man1  society-bound1 must long
 to kick over a few afternoon           
tea-tables1 and  smash his way out      
through bric--brac and chit-chat to     
freedom  and power6    ,i should think  
that a real ,man in the ministry would  
get so very tired  of women6 ,they tell 
him all their complaints and            
difficulties1 from  headaches1 servants1
 and unruly children1 to their          
sentimental  experiences and their      
spiritual problems4 ,men tell him almost
 nothing4  ,watch any group of men      
talking1 as the minister comes in4 ,a   

moment  before they were eager1 alert1  
argumentative4 ,now they are polite or  
mildly bored4 ,he is not of their world4
 ,some assert that he is not even  of   
their sex6 ,hence the lips of men are   
too often sealed to the  minister4 ,he  
must find some way not only to meet them
 as brother to  brother1 but he must    
capture their inmost hearts4 ,the shy   
confidence of  an honorable man once    
won1 his friendship never fails4    ,the
 question of a minister's relation to   
the women of his congregation  and the  
community is not only curious and       
complex--it is a perpetual  comedy4 ,how
 do other men in public life deal with  
this problem8 ,they  have a genial but  
indifferent dignity1 quite compatible   
with courtesy  and friendly ways4 ,they 
shoulder responsibility2 they do not    
flirt2 they  sort out cranks2 they flee 
from simpers2 they put down presumption4
 ,if  married1 they laugh heartily with 
their wives over any letter or  episode 
that is comical or sentimental4 ,if not 

married1 they get out of  things the    
best way they know how1 with a sort of  
plain1 manly  directness4 ,if a minister
 would arrogate to himself his free-born
  privilege of being a thorough-going   
man1 many of his troubles would         
disappear4    ,let him hold himself     
firmly aloof both from nonsense and from
 enervating  praise4 ,let him dream of  
great themes1 and work for great things6
 ,let  him rely on more quiet friends   
who watch loyally1 hope1 encourage1     
inspire4 ,by and by the scales drop from
 his eyes2 he sees himself1 not  as one 
who has already achieved1 but as one to 
whom the radiant gates of  life are     
opening1 so that he1 too1 can one day   
speak to human souls as  the masters    
have done6 ,he discovers that out of the
 heart's depths is  great work born6    
,this is a memorable day1 both for this 
man and for his  church4 ,from that hour
 he has vision and power4    ,another   
error in ministerial education and      
outlook is that too often  ministers    

forget that they compete with other men3
 they are not an  isolated class of     
humanity4 ,competition underlies the    
energy and  efficiency of the world's   
work4 ,when men do not consciously      
compete with  others1 they inevitably   
drop behind4 ,what a minister was       
intended for1  was to stand head and    
shoulders above other men4 ,god seems to
 have  planned the universe in such a   
way that everywhere the spiritual shall 
be supreme4 ,he was meant to be a       
towering leader4 ,who1 in other realms1 
has excelled ,moses1 ,joshua1 ,elijah1  
,david1 ,paul8    ,but if we consider   
the responsibilities which are now being
 laid upon  different classes of people1
 and carried by them1 ,i think that we  
must  acknowledge that the statesman is 
looming up as the most influential and  
upbuilding man to-day4 ,he is the one   
who is adjusting the new  world-powers  
and the new world-relations1 over-seeing
 the development of  our country1 and   
planning for its laws and commerce4     

,close to him comes  the physician1 who 
is laying his hand on world-plagues1 and
 is studying  the conditions and the    
forms of disease1 with a view to        
striking disease  at its root4 ,the hand
 of the doctor is laid upon consumption1
 malaria1  yellow fever1 diphtheria1    
typhoid fever1 and bubonic plague1 and  
the  advance in medical research is     
marvellous4    ,the lawyer and the      
capitalist are together adjusting the   
industrial  relations of the country4   
,we have trusts1 syndicates1 and        
corporation-problems handled with a firm
 intellectual grasp and a wide  outlook 
over human affairs4    ,the reading of  
the world is in the hands of editors of 
enterprise and  sagacity4 ,they daily   
bring wars1 statecraft1 business plans1 
political  situations1 trade openings1  
scientific discoveries1 forms of        
church-work  and philanthropy1          
accidents1 murders1 and marriages1 to   
our  breakfast-table4 ,the press of     
to-day has a tremendous scope4 ,when    

some  of the magazines come to hand1 one
 feels that he is in touch with the     
affairs of the universe and has reading 
of a cosmic order4    ,the day-laborer  
is discovering that to ingenuity1       
talent1 and manliness1  the whole world 
swings open4 ,carnegie's ,thirty        
,partners1 most of whom  have come from 
the working-ranks1 demonstrate that a   
man can rise from  the pick1 the spade1 
the foreman's duties1 to the control of 
great  industrial interests4    ,bankers
 are thinking out the financial         
problems--currency1 legal tender1  the  
best forms of money and authority2 the  
whole monetary system of the  world is  
under consideration and analysis4 ,the  
farmer is learning1  through chemistry  
and other forms of science1 new ways of 
making his  farm productive1 and the    
educated agriculturist is rising to be  
an  intellectual factor in the          
development of our country4 ,everywhere 
we see  ,life awakening--a great        
renaissance6    ,has the minister1 as a 

thinker and active force of             
regeneration1 kept  pace with this      
advance8 ,do many sermons thrill us in  
this large way8  ,where does he rank    
among the world-masters of energy and   
power8    ,the ministry is supposed to  
be a work of saving souls4 ,but if we   
could  know the direct effect of        
preaching1 and the conversions which are
  really due to preaching1 ,i think we  
should find them comparatively few4     
,what touched the boy or girl1 man or   
woman1 and led him or her to ,christ    
was not the sermon1 or pastoral talk1   
though this one or another may  have    
united with the ,church after a special 
sermon1 revival1 or personal  appeal4   
,it was the memory and influence of a   
mother's prayers2 of early              
associations2 of a teacher1 a lover1 a  
friend4 ,the conversion came  direct    
from ,god--the soul was acted upon by   
some special moving of the  ,holy       
,spirit4 ,or it was the death of a      
friend1 an illness1 an accident1 a      

disappointment1 which turned the        
thoughts to heavenly things4 ,or it was 
a book that searched the soul's depths1 
or some quickening human  experience4   
,is this quite as it should be8 ,is not 
professional  pride aroused8    ,suppose
 that ,new ,york ,city should suddenly  
be invaded by the bubonic  plague or    
yellow fever4 ,would any one be to      
blame8 ,certainly6 ,such an  outcry     
would go up as would echo across the    
country4 ,where were the  quarantine    
officers8 ,where was the port physician8
 ,where were the  specialists who attend
 to sanitation and disinfection8    ,we 
say that divorce and ,sabbath-breaking  
are sweeping over our                   
country--gambling1 social drinking1 and 
many other ills2 a sensational  press1 a
 corrupt politics1 a materialistic      
greed4    ,all the ministers under      
heaven cannot take sin out of the world1
 nor  uproot sin altogether from the    
heart of man3 the plague conies in at   
birth4 ,neither can all the doctors     

living remove disease1 so that no one   
will get sick or die4 ,but just as the  
doctor can1 by study1 by training1  by  
counsel1 by practice1 and by the        
direction of wise law-making1  protect  
the health interests of his country or  
community1 so the  minister should      
stand1 yet more largely than to-day1 as 
a break-water  between the world and the
 tides of sin6 ,he should not only be   
able to  keep alive in a country an     
atmosphere of prayer1 devotion1 and     
unselfish  service--he should1 by ,god's
 help1 make piety the general estate of 
the  land2 he should not only be        
intellectually able to show the great   
advantage of the upright ,christian     
life1 he should straight-way lead  all  
classes into that life2 he should be    
able to lay a hand on the moral         
maladies of mankind1 personal and       
national1 and prescribe effectual       
remedies2 take lame1 halt1 sinning      
souls1 and by ,god's grace and ,spirit1 
lift not only individuals1 but whole    

communities1 to a more  spiritual plane4
    ,this is a ,titanic intellectual    
task1 as well as a spiritual one4 ,when 
a  doctor wishes to keep plague out of  
,america1 he goes to ,asia1 to see  what
 plague is6 ,he takes microscopes1      
instruments1 and drugs2 he buries       
himself in a laboratory1 and gives his  
whole mind to the problem1 until  one   
day he can come forth and tell how to   
heal and help4 ,more than this1  he     
risks his life4 ,for every great        
discovery in medical practice1  doctors 
and nurses have died martyrs to their   
faithful work4    ,moral evil must be   
studied in an energetic and intellectual
 way4 ,the  variations of humanity from 
righteousness must be deeply understood4
  ,look at ,booker ,t4 ,washington1 or  
at ,jacob ,a4 ,riis6 ,what daring1 what 
indefatigable toil1 what insight1       
patience1 and swerveless hope have  been
 put into their task6 ,edison is said to
 have spent six months  hissing ,s into 
his phonograph to make it repeat that   

letter1 and many  days he worked        
seventeen hours a day4 ,have many       
ministers ever bent  themselves in this 
way to solve a special moral            
problem--that of1 say1 a  disobedient   
child in the congregation8 ,have they   
spent six months1 hours  and hours a    
day1 to make the law of ,god1 the word  
,obedience1 ring in  that child's ears8 
,spiritual guidance is definitely and   
positively a  scientific task4 ,the     
mastery of one fact may lead to the     
correlation of  a psychic law4 ,when a  
minister can help a soul to overcome    
temptation1  and a parent to bring up a 
child1 he is in touch with two final    
human  problems4 ,as he gradually       
enlarges his careful and illuminating   
work1  his church becomes in time a body
 of spiritually well-educated           
communicants1 thoroughly grounded in    
doctrinal1 ethical1 and social  ideals1 
well taught in public and in private    
duties4 ,it is not  self-centred or     
wholly denominational in spirit1 but    

recognizes itself  to be a part of a    
catholic body of believers1 reaches out 
with friendly  coperation to near-by    
churches1 extends its missionary efforts
 to  other neighborhoods or lands1 and  
partakes of a world-life1 a  world-love6
    ,ruling religious thinkers should   
also1 by and by1 become leaders of      
national thought and life4 ,great public
 questions should be open to  their     
judgment and appeal2 they should be     
moral arbiters1 and spiritual  guides in
 national crises4 ,by a word they should
 be able to rouse the  prayers of the   
country1 and by a word to still         
widespread anger and  uprising4 ,if     
accredited spiritual leaders cannot     
help1 who can8    ,there are a few men  
living who seem to hold1 for the whole  
world1 the  temporal balance4 ,they     
control mines and shipping1 banks and   
trade4 ,who1  to-day1 holds the         
spiritual destiny of the world in his   
hand8 ,i long to  see men appear upon   
whom the eyes of the world shall be     

fastened1 in  recognition of their      
spiritual preeminence1 as they are now  
fastened on  these industrial giants4   
,rise6 ,let some man1 earnest and       
endowed1 look forward into the future1  
and with the courage that comes from    
inborn power1 assert himself among  the 
nations6 ,allay1 ,o ,world-,evangelist1 
not only neighborhood disputes1  but    
international dissensions2 project a    
creed that shall be profound  and       
universal2 sweep sects together1 unite  
energy and endeavor1 baptize  with fire1
 bring repentance1 quicken the          
race-conscience1 uplift the             
,world-,hope6 ,erect and elemental1 hold
 ,,christ before the race6              
,,iv4 ,,the ,,world-,,march3 ,,of       
,,sages         ,,adeste ,,fideles      
,our ,father in ,heaven1                
,creator of all1       ,o source of all 
wisdom1         ,on ,thee we would call6
       ,thou only canst teach us1       
,and show us our need1       ,and give  
to ,thy children         ,true knowledge

 indeed4         ,but vain our          
instruction1         ,and blind we must 
be1       ,unless with our learning     
,be knowledge of ,thee4       ,then pour
 forth ,thy ,spirit         ,and open   
our eyes1       ,and fill with the      
knowledge         ,that only makes wise4
         ,from pride and presumption1   
,o ,lord1 keep us free1       ,and make 
our hearts humble1         ,and loyal to
 ,thee1       ,that living or dying1    
,in ,thee we may rest1       ,and prove 
to the scornful         ,thy statutes   
are best4         ,,thomas ,,wistar     
,if we should be told that at birth a   
strange and wonderful gift had  been    
bestowed upon us1 one such that by means
 of it1 in after life1 we  could        
accomplish almost anything we wished1   
how we should guard it6 ,with  what     
delight we would make it work1 to see   
what it would do6 ,we should  never be  
tired of such a toy1 because every day  
it would reveal new  possibilities of   
power and delight4    ,such a gift ,god 

has given us in our power to think4     
,what a mysterious  and deep-hid gift it
 is6 ,nerves and sensations1 a few      
convolutions in  the brain1 acts of     
attention and observation1 certain      
reactions  following certain stimuli3   
the result1 a world of worlds spread out
  before us2 unlimited intellectual     
possibilities within our grasp6    ,what
 is thinking8 ,thinking is an attempt to
 express infinite thoughts1  affections1
 relations1 and events1 in finite terms4
 ,the child strings  buttons4 ,the      
philosopher strings ,god1 angels1       
devils1 brutes1 men1 and  their         
appurtenances and deeds4 ,hence no real 
thought will quite go into  words4 ,out 
beyond the word hangs the infinite      
remainder of our idea4 ,the  search for 
a vocabulary is the search for a clearer
 articulation  of ideas4    ,thinking is
 the power to take up life where the    
race has left off  attainment1 and to   
lead the race one step farther on1 by a 
new concept  or idea4 ,it is a curious  

thing1 this little turn in the brain1 a 
thought4 ,we cannot see it1 or touch it1
 or handle it4 ,yet we can give  it1 one
 to another1 or one man to the race4 ,it
 has an infinite leverage4  ,one great  
thought moves millions onward4 ,plant   
the word steam1 and  globe-transport    
changes4 ,plant electricity1 and a      
hundred new  industries spring up4      
,plant liberty1 tyrants fall4 ,plant    
love1  chaotic angers disappear4    ,if 
we refuse to learn to think1 we refuse  
to do our share of the world's  work4   
,we are like a horse that balks and will
 not pull4 ,while we sulk  the universe 
is at a standstill4    ,spelling and    
arithmetic1 history1 etymology1 and     
geography1 are not  tasks set over      
school-children by a hard taskmaster1   
who keeps them from  sunshine and       
out-of-door play4 ,they are catch-words 
of the universe4  ,they are the         
implements by which each brain is to be 
trained to do great  work for the one in
 whom it lives4 ,what every earnest soul

 asks is not  gold1 fame1 or pleasure4  
,it is3 ,let me not die till ,i have    
brought  millions farther on4    ,we    
cannot deliberately make thoughts4      
,thought is like life itself3  science  
has not found a formula which will      
produce it4 ,but just as  marriage      
produces new lives1 though we cannot say
 how1 so study and  meditation produce  
thoughts4 ,something new appears3 a     
concept which was  not with the race    
before4    ,the work of sages has been  
to rule the thinking of the race4 ,they 
receive the inspired ideas and spend    
their lives in teaching them to  others3
 in setting up intellectual vibrations  
throughout the world4    ,some day1 ,i  
hope ,sargent will paint a ,march of    
,sages1 as gloriously as  he has painted
 the panels of the ,prophets4 ,then we  
shall gaze upon the  train of           
heavy-browed1 noble-eyed1 wise1         
gentle-mannered men1 who have  been the 
enduring teachers of the                
race1--thinkers1 leaders1 seers4        

,confucius1 ,pythagoras1 ,plato1        
,aristotle1 ,socrates1 the mediaeval    
philosophers1 the ,egyptian1 ,persian1  
and ,arabian thinkers1 ,roger ,bacon1   
,thomas ,aquinas1 ,eckhart1 ,william of 
,occam1 ,bede1 ,thomas  ,kempis1        
,francis ,bacon1 ,kant1 ,john ,stuart   
,mill1 ,spencer1--with what dignity the 
processional moves down the years6 ,the 
sum of human knowledge is vast2  but how
 much more vast seem the achievements of
 each of these men1 when  we realize how
 few his years1 and how many the        
obstacles and impediments  of his all   
too short career6 ,there is ever a      
pathos in the life of  the wise4    ,by 
thinking1 we pass from the gossip of the
 neighborhood into the  conversation of 
the years4 ,we do not know what         
,alcibiades said to his  man-servant    
about the care of his clothes1 baths1   
perfumes1--nor what  his man-servant    
retailed to other retainers of the      
eccentricities and  vanities of his     
master4 ,but we know what ,pericles and 

,plato said to the  race4 ,here is the  
advantage of a thinking mind--that at   
any moment one  may enter into eternal  
subjects of thought1 and have converse  
with those  who of all times have been  
the most profound4    ,nothing teases   
the soul like the thought of the        
unfinished1 the  imperfect1 the         
incomplete4 ,and yet1 when we have      
thought and planned a  really great and 
abiding work1 whether we ever finish it 
or not--for  many things in life may    
intervene between conception and        
completion--to  have thought of it is to
 have had in our lives a pleasure that  
can never  die4 ,for one blessed hour or
 year we have been lifted to the        
thoughts of  ,god and have entered into 
the great original ,design4 ,hence it is
 that  the life of the real ,thinker1   
however broken or disturbed1 is at heart
 a  life of serenity and joy4 ,what     
matters a conflagration1 a              
disappointment1 to him whose thoughts   
are set upon the race8    ,thinking is a

 form of vital growth4 ,we all wish for 
growth4 ,is there any  one who wishes to
 stay always just where he is to-day8   
,to be always what  he is this morning8 
,the tree grows1 the flower grows1 the  
ideals of the  race grow--shall not ,i8 
,we are born to a destiny which has no  
limit of grandeur save the limit  of the
 thought of ,god1 ,the wish for growth  
is the wish to enter into the  spiritual
 ideals of the universe1--to become one 
with its advancement1  one with its     
decrees4    ,but do not the secular look
 upon growth as a sort of chase--a chase
 for  more learning1 more money1 a      
bigger business1 a higher degree1 a     
better  position1 a brilliant           
marriage1--a struggle for wealth1       
renown1 acclaim8  ,these things are not 
in themselves growth1 nor its real      
index4 ,growth is  not a form of        
avarice4 ,growth is a vital state of    
being4 ,growth is the  assimilation of  
experience4 ,growth is development in   
the line of eternal  purpose4 ,growth is

 the combination of our souls with the  
things that  are1 in such a way as to   
make a perpetual progress toward the    
things  that are to be4    ,we lose much
 because we lose avidity out of our     
lives1 the eagerness to  grasp what     
spiritually belongs to us1--to share the
 universal  enthusiasm1 the universal   
hope4 ,day by day the world wheels about
  us--sunset and moonrise1 wind1 hail1  
frost1 snow1 vapor1 care1 anxiety1      
temptation1 trial1 joy1 fear4 ,whatever 
touches the sense or the soul is        
something by which1 rightly used1 we may
 grow4 ,there is nothing we need  fear  
to take into our lives1 if it receives  
the right assimilation4 ,each           
experience is meant to be a vital       
accession4 ,we narrow our lives and     
enfeeble our powers when we try to      
reject any of these things1 or          
unlawfully escape them1 or are yet      
indifferent to them4 ,prejudice1        
cowardice1 and apathy are death4        
,experience is what the race has been   

through4 ,each of us has his  personal  
variant of this common life4 ,thought is
 the power by which we  make it         
available for our own better living1 and
 the future life of  the race4    ,to   
the early man1 there existed earth1 air1
 water1 fire1 heat1 cold1  tempest1 and 
the growth of living things4 ,he lived1 
ate1 fought1 but his  thoughts were     
primitive and personal4 ,have ,i had    
enough dinner8 he  asked1 not1 ,is the  
race fed8    ,by and by some one arose  
who began to consider things in the     
abstract1  and to relate them to his    
neighbor1 and formulate conclusions     
about  them4 ,he was the first real     
,thinker1 ,then air-philosophy and      
element-philosophy grew                 
up--beast-worship1 animalism1           
fire-worship1 and  the rudiments of     
simple scientific learning1 as1 for     
instance1 when men  found that they     
could make a tool to cut1 a spike to    
sew4    ,since then1 what the sage has  
done is to teach men to see1 read1      

write1  think1 count1 and to work2 to   
love ideals1 to love mankind and relate 
his work to human progress4    ,man's   
first primer was near at hand4 ,when he 
wished to write1 he made a  picture with
 a stick1 a stone1 on a leaf1 or traced 
his idea in the mud4  ,when he wanted to
 count1 he kept tally on his fingers1 or
 with pebbles  from the beach or brook4 
,when he wished to communicate an idea  
orally1  it was with glances1 shrugs1   
gestures1 and imitative sounds4 ,once1  
in a  game of ,twenty ,questions1 this  
was the question set to guess3 ,who     
first  used the prehistoric root        
expressing a verb of action8 ,who1      
indeed8    ,out of that leaf-writing1   
and bark-etching1 and later rune1 have  
grown  the printed writings of mankind4 
,homer1 ,dante1 ,milton1 and            
,shakespeare  are the lineal descendants
 of the man who made holes in a leaf1 or
 lines  on a wave-washed sand4 ,out of  
the finger-counting have grown up       
book-keeping1 geometry1 mathematical    

astronomy and a knowledge of the  higher
 curves4 ,out of the prehistoric shrugs 
and sounds and grimaces we  have oral   
speech--much of it worthless1 and not   
all of it yet wholly  intelligible4 ,we 
are still continually being understood  
to say what we  never meant to say3 we  
are forever putting our private         
interpretation on  the words of other   
men4 ,even yet1 we are all too stupid4  
,in our  dreariest moments does there   
not come to us sometimes a voice which  
cries3 ,up1 awake6 ,cease blinking1 and 
begin to see6    ,language is electric4 
,words have a curious power within      
themselves4 ,they  rain upon the heart  
with the soft memories of centuries of  
old  associations1 or thoughts of love1 
vigils1 and patience4 ,they have a      
power of suggestion which goes beyond   
all that we may dream4 ,just as a  man  
shows in himself traces of a long-dead  
ancestry1 so words have the  power to   
revive emotions of past generations and 
the experiences of  former years4 ,the  

man of letters1 the ,thinker1 strews a  
handful of  words into the air1 breathes
 a little song4 ,the words spring up and
  bring forth fruit4 ,their seed is     
human progress and a larger life for    
men4 ,think1 for instance1 who first    
flung the word freedom into             
space6--gravitation1 evolution1 atom1   
soul6 ,there is no power like the  power
 of a word3 a word like liberty can     
dethrone kings4    ,we get out of a word
 just what we put into it1 plus the     
individuality of  the man who uses it4  
,some men read into noble words only    
their own  silliness1 vulgarity1        
prejudice1 or preconceived ideas4       
,another man  reads with his heart open 
for new impressions1 new insight1 new   
fancies  and ideals4    ,words have not 
only their inherent meaning2 they have  
their allied  meanings4 ,a word may mean
 one thing by itself4 ,it may mean quite
 another  thing when another word stands
 beside it2 even marks of punctuation   
give  words a curiously different sound 

and shade4 ,literature is a mastery1    
not only of the moods of men1 but of the
 moods of words4 ,corot takes a  stream1
 some grass and trees1 a flitting patch 
of sky4 ,by means of a few  strokes of  
his brush1 he manages to present that   
tree1 sky1 stream1 in a  way which      
suggests the pastoral experience of the 
ages4 ,where did that  misty veil come  
from8 the trembling lights and shadows1 
the half-heard  sounds and silence of   
the woods1 the changing cloud1 the dim  
reflection1  the atmosphere of mystery  
and peace8    ,so each man goes to the  
dictionary4 ,he takes a word here1 a    
word there1  common words that everybody
 knows4 ,he puts them together3 the     
result is  a presentation of the life of
 man1 and lays hold of his inmost       
spirit4         ,our birth is but a deep
 and a forgetting2       ,the ,soul that
 rises with us1 our life's ,star1       
,hath had elsewhere its setting         
,and cometh from afar2          ,not in 
entire forgetfulness1          ,and not 

in utter nakedness1       ,but trailing 
clouds of glory do we come              
,from ,god1 who is our home6    ,to     
write1 the soul chooses1 and ,god stands
 ever by to help4 ,that is why  great   
work always impresses us as inspired4   
,god did it4 ,it is ,god who  whispers  
the deathless thought and phrase3 the   
subtler collocations  are divine4       
,take the word star4 ,to the child it   
means a bright point that glitters  and 
twinkles in the sky1 and sets him saying
 an old nursery rhyme4 ,to  the youth or
 maiden it suggests love1 romance1 a    
summer eve1 or a frosty  walk under the 
friendly winter sky4 ,to the rhetorician
 it suggests a  figure of speech--the   
star of hope4 ,to the mariner it        
suggests guidance  and the homeward     
port4 ,to the astronomer it means the   
world in which he  lives4 ,his life is  
centred in that star4 ,to the poet it   
means all these  things and many more4  
,for the poet is the one who1 in his own
 heart1  holds all the meanings that    

words hold for the race4 ,read again the
  lines just quoted1 and think of       
,wordsworth's outlook on the star6      
,the dictionary definition of a word can
 seldom be the real one1 nor does  it   
reveal the deeper sense it has4 ,it     
blazes a path for the  understanding1   
but individual thought must follow4     
,take the words time1  friendship1 work1
 play1 heroism4 ,it took ,carlyle to    
define ,time for us4  ,emerson has      
defined ,friendship4 ,let the lights and
 shadows of the  thought of ,carlyle and
 ,emerson play upon these words1 they   
are at once  removed from mechanical    
definition1 and we dimly perceive that  
each word  is larger than the outreach  
of the thought of man4 ,another         
generation  than ours shall define and  
refine them4 ,in heaven1 in some other  
aeon1  we shall find out what they      
really mean6    ,thus knowledge is not  
permanent4 ,it reels4 ,it proceeds1 it  
changes1 it  is iridescent with new     
significance from day to day4    ,what  

is true of a word1 and what we make of  
it1 is true of every phase  of learning4
 ,the black-board is not all4 ,learning 
is not tied to it1 or  to any one       
person1 demonstration1 interpretation1  
event1 or epoch4 ,no  wise man can keep 
his learning to himself1 and yet he     
cannot1 though he  teach a thousand     
years1 transmit his deeper learning to  
another4 ,the  atmosphere1 the casual   
information1 the spiritual magnetism of 
a great  man1 will teach better than the
 text-books1 the lecture courses1 and   
the formal resources of academic halls4 
,thus ,mark ,hopkins is in himself  a   
university1 given a boy on the other end
 of the log on which he sits4    ,it is 
the relativity of knowledge that dances 
before the eye1 that  bewilders1 eludes1
 evades4 ,group-systems and electives   
seem like a  makeshift for the real     
thing4 ,we cannot tie a fact to a pupil1
 because  to the tail of the fact is    
tied history itself4 ,until a pupil gets
 a  glimpse of that relation1 that      

dependence of which we have just heard1 
with all that has yet happened in       
connection with it1 he is not yet  quite
 master of his fact4 ,he recites glibly 
the date of ,thermopylae1 and  does not 
know that all ,greece is trailing behind
 his desk4 ,when1 after  subsequent     
research1 he knows something of ,greece1
 he discovers ,greece  to be dovetailed 
into ,rome and ,egypt1 and they lay hold
 upon the plain  of ,shinar and ,eden1  
and the immemorial1 prehistoric years4  
,ah1 no6 ,we never really know4 ,every  
fact recedes from us1 as might an       
ebbing wave1 and leaves us stranded upon
 an unhorizoned beach1 more  despairing 
than before4 ,education does not solve  
the problems of  life--it deepens the   
mystery4 ,what1 then1 may the sage know8
 ,are there  no sages8 ,and have we all 
been misinformed8    ,a sage is one who 
knows what1 in his position of life1 is 
most necessary  for him to know4 ,the   
larger sage1 the great ,sage1 is the one
 who knows  what is necessary for the   

race to know4    ,it is a wrong idea of 
wisdom1 that we must necessarily know   
what some  one else knows4 ,wisdom is   
single-track for each man4 ,there are in
 the  world those who know how to build 
aqueducts1 and to bake charlotte  russe1
 and to sew trousers4 ,aqueducts and    
tailor work may be alike out  of my     
individual and personal knowledge1 yet  
,i may not necessarily be an  ignorant  
man4 ,the primitive hunter stood in the 
forest4 ,for him to be a  hunting-sage1 
was to know the weather1 traps1 weapons1
 the times1 and  the lairs and ways of  
beasts4 ,he knew lions and monkeys1 the 
coiled  serpent and the serpent that    
hissed by the ruined wall2 the ways of  
the  wolf1 the jackal1 and the kite2 the
 manners of the bear and the black      
panther in the jungle-wilds4 ,kipling is
 the brother of that early man3  he is a
 forest-sage1 and would have held his   
own in other times4    ,the sea-sage was
 the one who could toss upon the        
swan-road without fear4  ,he knew the   

strength of oak and ash2 the swing of   
oar1 the curve of  prow1 the dash of    
wave1 and the curling breaker's sweep4  
,he knew the  maelstroms and the aegir  
that swept into northern fiords2 the    
thunder  and wind and tempest2 the      
coves1 safe harbors and retreats4       
,to-day1 the  sea-sage rules the        
fishing-boat1 the ocean liner1 the      
coastwise  steamers1 and the lake-lines 
of the world4    ,the fishing-sage knows
 the ways and haunts of fish4 ,he is    
wise in the  salmon1 the perch1 the     
trout1 the tarpon1 and the muscalonge4  
,he says4  ,to-day the bass will bite on
 dobsons1 but to-morrow we must have    
frogs4    ,no sagacity is universal1 but
 the love of sagacity may be4 ,the man  
who  starts out to implant a new way of 
education has a noble task before  him1 
but is it a final one1 or even a more   
than tolerably practical one8  ,is there
 such a thing as a place for ,truth at  
wholesale1 even in an  academy or       
college8 ,can a man receive an education

 outside of himself8  ,he may be played 
upon by grammars and by loci-paper1 by  
electrical  machines1 and parsing tables
 and ,grecian accents1 by the names of  
noted  authors and statesmen1 and the   
thrill of historic battles and          
decisions4  ,he may be placed under a   
rain of ethical and philosophic ideas1  
and may  be forced to put on a ,system  
of ,thought1 as men put on a mackintosh4
 ,but  his true education is what he    
makes of these things4 ,if he hears of  
,theodoric with a yawn1 we say--the     
college-folk--,he must be imbecile4     
,no1 not imbecile6 he may become a      
successful toreador1 or snake-charmer1  
which things are out of our line6 ,and a
 man may be an upright citizen1 a  good 
husband1 and a sincerely religious man1 
who has never heard of  ,francesca1 nor 
,fra ,angelico1 nor named the name of   
,botticelli6    ,the moment we set      
bounds to wisdom1 we find that we have  
shut something  out4 ,wisdom is the     
free1 active life of a growing and      

attaching soul4  ,we must not only      
attach information to ourselves1 we must
 assimilate it4  ,else we are like a    
crab which should drag about ,descartes1
 or as an  ocean sucker which should hug
 a copy of ,thucydides4    ,education is
 the taking to one's self1 so far as one
 may in a lifetime1  all that the race  
has learned through these six thousand  
years4  ,education is not a thing of    
books alone1 or schools2 it is a process
 of  intellectual assimilation of what  
is about us1 or what we put about       
ourselves4 ,at every step we have a     
choice4 ,this is the real difference    
between students at the same school or  
university4 ,one puts away ,greek1  and 
the other lays up football and college  
societies4 ,a third gets all  three1    
being a little more swift and alert4    
,one stows away                         
insubordination--another1 order and     
obedience4 ,one does quiet1 original    
work of reading and research2 the other 
stows away schemes for getting  through 

recitations and examinations4 ,no two   
students ever come out of  the same     
school1 college1 or shop with the same  
education4 ,their  training may have    
been measurably alike1 but the result is
 immeasurably  unlike4 ,education1 in   
the last analysis1 is getting the       
highest  intellectual value out of one's
 environment and opportunities4 ,there  
is  a cow-boy philosopher1 a            
kitchen-philosopher1 as truly as there  
is a  philosopher of the academic halls4
    ,conduct is the pons asinorum of    
life4 ,wise men somehow cross it1       
though stumblingly1 and with tears4     
,fools1 usurers1 oppressors1 and        
spendthrifts of life are left gaping and
 wrangling on the hellward side4        
,thinkers have always been climbing up  
on each other's shoulders to look  over 
into the ,beyond4 ,what they have seen1 
they have told4 ,some men  climb so high
 into the ethereal places of the ,ideal1
 that they do not  get down again4 ,they
 are the impractical men4 ,an           

impractical man is not  necessarily the 
educated man2 he is the man at the top  
of some  intellectual fence1 who wishes 
to come down1 but has absent-mindedly   
forgotten that he has legs4 ,the legs   
are not absent1 but his wit is4 ,so     
with the impractical man in every       
sphere4 ,education has not really       
removed his common-sense1 as some say1  
his power to connect passing  events    
with their causes1 and to act           
reasonably2 but it has set his  thought 
on some other thought for the time      
being1 and the dinner-bell1  we will    
say1 does not detach him from his       
inquiry4 ,his necktie rides up6  ,he    
goes out into the street without a hat6 
,let him alone till he proves  the worth
 of what he is about4 ,the practical    
man1 who hears the  dinner-bell and     
prides himself upon this fact1 may not  
hear sounds  far-off and clear1 that    
ring in the impractical man's ear1 and  
that may  sometime tell him how to make 
a better dinner-bell1 or provide a      

better  dinner--a great social          
philosophy--for the race6    ,the really
 impractical man is not he who reaches  
out to the intellectual  and ideal      
aspects of life2 it is he who lives as  
if this life were all4  ,there are women
 who make pets of their clothes1 as men 
make pets of  horse or dog4 ,they have  
just time enough in life to dress       
themselves up4  ,looking back over their
 years1 they can only say1 ,i have had  
clothes6 ,in  the same number of years1 
with no greater advantages or           
opportunities1  other women have become 
the queenly women of the race4 ,some    
women are  girt with centuries1 instead 
of gold or gems4 ,whenever they appear1 
the  event becomes historic2 what they  
do adds new lustre to life4    ,we are  
all prodigals4 ,we throw away time and  
strength1 and years1 and  gold1 and then
 weep that we are ignorant1 and         
embeggared at the last4  ,who shall     
teach us wisdom1 and in what manner may 
we be wise8    ,what say the sages of   

the vast possibilities of the race8     
,with one voice  they say3 ,be brave6   
,do not cower1 shrink1 or whine4 ,throw 
out upon the  world a free fearlessness 
of thought and word and deed4 ,courage1 
freedom1 heroism1 faith1 exactness1     
honor1 justice1 and mercy--these  traits
 have been handed down as the           
traditional learning of the heart  of   
man4    ,another ideal of the race is   
,law4 ,we have given up a               
chaos-philosophy--the haphazard         
continuity of events--a cometary orbit1 
for the world4 ,there are fixed         
relations everywhere existent3 the      
succession of cycles is orderly and     
prearranged4    ,another ideal is       
,progress4 ,we are moving1 not toward   
the bottom1 but  toward the top of      
possibility4 ,we reject annihilation1   
because then  there is nothing left4    
,and there must always be something     
left--progress--a bigger something1 a   
better something4 ,should  annihilation 
be the truth of things1 and all the race

 mortal1 then some  day there would be a
 ,last ,man4 ,and after the ,last ,man1 
what8 ,he would  die1 and then all that 
any of the other stars could view of the
 vast  panorama of our earthly          
generations would be an unburied corpse1
 with  not even a vulture hovering to   
pick it to freshness in the air6    ,a  
,last ,man8 ,no4 ,instead1 the seers    
have shown us a great multitude in a    
heavenly country1 praising ,god1 and    
singing forth ,his ,name forever4       
,immortality broods over the great      
thought of the race4 ,all great minds   
look upward to it3 it is the final      
consummation of our dreams4    ,another 
ideal is social adjustment1 and social  
service4 ,we must do  something for some
 one1 or we cast current sagacity behind
 the back4  ,people crowd each other to 
the wall4 ,the weak of communities and  
nations  are too often crushed4 ,redress
 is in the air4 ,the longed-for wisdom  
of  to-day shows a kaleidoscopic front1 
in which are turning the  slum-dweller  

and the millionaire2 the white man1 the 
yellow1 and the  black2 the town and the
 territorial possession4 ,the           
slave-colony1  garbage-laws1            
magistrates1 and murderers are mixed in 
motley1 and there  are whirling         
vacant-lot schemes abroad1              
potato-patches1 wood-yards1  organized  
charity1 ,wayfarers' ,lodges1 resounding
 cries of municipal  reform1 and various
 other interests of the wisdom-scale4   
,hence1 wisdom has not yet been arrived 
at3 we are still on the run4 ,this      
twentieth century will find new         
problems1 new queries1 new cranks1 and  
new dismays6    ,one thing1 however1    
shines out clear3 ,wisdom is being      
recognized as  having a moral aspect1   
and men are looking for a ,religion     
which shall  sum up the learning of the 
sages1 the information of the race4     
,when we look down into the physical    
universe1 the primary thing that we     
find there is gravitation4 ,when we look
 into the moral universe1 the  primary  

thing that we find there is also        
gravitation--a sinking to a  ,lower4    
,this is sin--a contrariness of         
things--which makes the world an  evil  
place to live in1 instead of a good2    
which wrecks character and  states1 eats
 the hearts out of cultures and         
civilizations1 destroys  strong races1  
leaves a stain upon even the youngest   
child1 and which is  constantly drawing 
the race downward1 instead of upward4   
,sin1 sin1 sin6 ,everywhere the fact    
glares upon us1 and cannot be hid1 or   
put away4 ,sin is not an intellectual   
toy1 for philosophers to play with  or  
define as a limitation of being4 ,sin is
 a reality1 for men to  feel1 recoil    
from1 and of which one must repent4     
,sin is energy deliberately misplaced3  
energy directed against the course  of  
things1 the infinite development1 the   
will of ,god4 ,sin is corruption1  and  
desolation1 and decay4 ,death broods    
over the spirit of man1 unless a        
,redeemer come4 ,the unredeemed ages    

hang over history like a pall4 ,in  them
 there are monumental oppression1       
cruelties1 and crimes4 ,the breath  of  
myriad millions went out in darkness1   
and there was none to save4 ,a  plague  
swept over all the race4    ,hence1 even
 scientifically considered1 the final   
aim of thinking must  be1 to arrive at  
some thought which will take hold of    
this primary fact  of sin and uproot it2
 which will show how the world may be   
purged  of sin4    ,slowly but          
inevitably we are moving to this great  
,thought4 ,it is summed  up in one word3
 ,redemption4 ,the watchword of a       
century ago was  gravitation4 ,it       
explained the poise of the universe by a
 great and  hitherto undiscovered law4  
,the watchword of yesterday was         
evolution4 ,it  explains progressive    
change3 the mounting-up of life through 
spires of  form4 ,the forms of the      
universe are seen in a series which is  
in the  main ascendant1 and in which the
 survivor is supreme4 ,the watchword of 

to-morrow is ,redemption4 ,the ,thinker 
will some day live1 who will make  that 
great word ,redemption stand out in all 
its vast majesty and  significance4     
,this1 ,i take it1 is the work of our   
new century4    ,redemption is the      
explanation of the existence of man1 of 
his present  progress1 and his future   
destiny4 ,it is the great mystery of joy
 in  which the race partakes2 the       
spiritual culmination of all things     
earthly2 the forecast of eternal things 
yet to be4    ,redemption is not a      
dogma2 it is a life4 ,redemption is a   
perpetual and  ascendant moral growth4  
,it marks a world-balm1 a world-change4 
,it is in  the spirit of man that it    
works1 and not in his outer condition1  
or  external strivings4 ,it is          
ultimately to root sin out of the world4
    ,through stormy sorrows and         
perpetual desolations comes the race to 
,god4  ,zion is the ,whole of           
things--the encompassment of space1 and 
time1 and  endless years1--an           

environment of immortality and peace4   
,virtue leads the race to ,joy1 and     
there is no byway to this height4 ,the  
final aspect of the universe is joy4    
,joy is elemental--a vast vibration     
that sweeps through centuries as years6 
,a day in ,his courts is as a  thousand1
 and a thousand years are as one day1   
because they thrill with  an immortal   
and imperishable emotion4 ,the seraphim 
and cherubim1  ,sandalphon and ,azrael1 
are angels of enduring joy4 ,joy is the 
soul's  share of the life of ,god4      
,thus when the world has breathed to us 
the holy name of ,christ1 it has  told  
us the highest that it knows4 ,the      
,march of ,sages is toward a  ,redeemer6
 ,the banner of ,wisdom is furled about 
the ,cross6          ,,iv4 ,,the        
,,world-,,march3 ,,of ,,traders         
,,amsterdam         ,lo1 my soul1 look  
forth abroad         ,and mark the busy 
stir3       ,wouldst thou say1 in pride 
and scorn1         ,our ,god is not in  
her6       ,nay1 the bonds1 the wares1  

the coin1--         ,these1 in truth1   
are passing things2       ,other        
treasures thrill the life         ,of   
earth's great merchant kings6           
,we1 they say1 would wake the power     
,in mountain and in mine2       ,and    
transport1 from sea to sea1         ,the
 cedar1 oak1 and pine3       ,build the 
bridge1 and plant the town1             
,enter every open mart2       ,make our 
nation's commerce flow1--         ,but  
this is not our heart6         ,many a  
prayer uplifted springs         ,o'er   
desk1 and din1 and roar2       ,many an 
humble knee is bent         ,when the   
rushed day is o'er2       ,far within1  
where ,god may be1         ,all exists  
,his ,throne to raise2       ,every     
triumph of our power         ,becomes a 
form of ,praise6         ,god of        
nations1 hear our cry1         ,and keep
 us just and true2       ,lay ,thy hand 
on all our lives1         ,and bless the
 work we do3       ,then from every     
coast and clime         ,land and sea   

shall tribute bring2       ,gold and    
traffic1 world-domain         ,we offer 
to our ,king6         ,,anna ,,robertson
 ,,brown ,,lindsay    ,we are all       
traders4 ,each of us is endowed with    
some faculty1 ware1 or  possession which
 he is constantly exchanging for other  
things4 ,we trade  time1 talent1        
service1 goods1 acres1 produce1 counsel1
 experience1  ideals4 ,the world is in  
reality a ,bourse of ,exchange4 ,each of
 us brings  some day his special product
 to the common mart4    ,there are      
traders and traders--the just and the   
unjust--the man of honor  and the rogue4
 ,we set values on thoughts and on      
transactions1 on  merchandise and on    
philanthropies1 on ideas and on         
accounts2 and there  is a constant      
distribution of the affairs1 as well as 
of the worldly  goods of men4    ,but in
 a restricted sense1 we think of trade  
as the exchange of produce  which is    
material and mobile1--which may be      
touched1 handled1 weighed1  transported1

 bought1 and sold4 ,the substance of the
 earth is constantly  taking new shape  
before our eyes1 being rearranged in    
kaleidoscopic  combinations1 and        
transported from port to port1 from town
 to town1 from  sea to sea4 ,one can    
look nowhere without seeing this        
ceaseless activity  progressing4        
,everywhere there is a whir of wheels1 a
 plash of waves1 a  din of assembly1 as 
the new combinations take place4        
,there was a day when trade was a thing 
of here-and-there2 a thing of  sailing  
ships and caravans1 of merchants of     
,bagdad1 ,cairo1 ,venice1  ,alexandria1 
,jerusalem1 ,tyre1 and ,damascus4       
,ivory1 gold1 gems1 precious  stuffs1   
teak and cedar wood1 ,lebanon pine1     
apes1 peacocks1 sandal-wood1  camel's   
hair1 goat's hair1 frankincense1 pearl1 
dyes1 myrrh1 cassia1  cinnamon1 ,balm of
 ,gilead1 calamus1 spikenard1 corn1     
ebony1 figs1 fir1  olives1 olive-wood1  
wheat1 amber1 copper1 lead1 tin1 and    
precious stones  were the chief articles

 of exchange4 ,a very little sufficed   
the poor2  the rich were housed in      
palaces and panoplied in gems4    ,as   
time went on1 the processional of       
traders became a processional led  out1 
in turn1 by the merchants of one city   
after another4 ,it is a  picturesque    
study1 that of the trade-routes of the  
,middle ,ages6 ,there  was the          
,mediterranean seaboard1 and there were 
the ,baltic towns and the  ,hanse towns2
 the ,portuguese mariners and traders2  
the ,venetian merchant  princes4 ,there 
was the ,spanish colonial trade2 the    
,dutch trade of the  ,east ,indies2 the 
trade of ,amsterdam and ,london4 ,there 
were the  ,elizabethan sea-rovers4 ,then
 came the ,british trade in the ,east   
,indies1  and the gradual growth of the 
trade of ,france1 ,germany1 ,england1   
and the  ,united ,states4 ,this is a    
story of human wants reaching out as    
civilization advanced1 and of the       
extending of the earth-exchange4        
,everywhere there has been a            

correspondence between national         
prosperity  and increasing trade4       
,to-day1 each man demands more of the   
earth's products than ever before4  ,he 
reaches out a hand for comforts and     
luxuries1 as well as for  necessities4  
,he grasps not only the produces of his 
own and his  neighbor's field and       
vineyard1 but demands what lies across  
continents  and seas4 ,instead of the   
ship1 the camel1 and the ass1 we now    
have the  ocean freighter or liner1 and 
the flying train of cars3 new forces1   
oil1  steam1 electricity1 and           
water-power1 do the carrying work of    
man4 ,and  hence trade has become       
,trade1 and each trader is involved in  
the  comfort1 success1 and prosperity of
 many others4 ,a single commercial      
transaction to-day involves the lives of
 hundreds of thousands1 competes  for   
their toil and life-blood1 carries the  
decision of their destiny4    ,a great  
merchant is the real ,kris ,kringle4 ,he
 stands at the centre of  exchange1     

distributes from the tropics and the    
arctic zones4 ,he deals  out fur and    
feathers1 books1 toys1 clothing1        
engines2 ribbons1 laces1  silks1        
perfumes2 bread-stuffs1 sugar1 cotton1  
iron1 ice1 steel2 wheat1  flour1 beef1  
stone2 lumber1 drugs1 coal1 leather4 ,he
 scatters  periodically the products of 
mills and looms1 of shoe-shops and      
print-works1 fields1 factories1 mines1  
and of art-workers4 ,he thus  becomes a 
social force of great power1 a social   
law-giver1 in fact4  ,under his iron    
rule1 the lives of the masses are       
uplifted or cast down4    ,as large eras
 open1 the ethical ideals become higher4
 ,we are beginning  to inquire1 as never
 before1 into the basis of trade1 the   
place of the  trader1 the right conduct 
of this vast problem of ,distribution   
upon  which hinges so much of human life
 and fate4 ,all things look1 not only   
to the integration of trade1 but to its 
exaltation4    ,trade has ceased to be a
 thing of individual energy1 talent1 and

  commercial alertness4 ,it has risen to
 great proportions4 ,the large  trader  
is in control of national conduit1 as   
well as of national  expense4 ,there is 
a great deal more in business than the  
art of making  money4 ,business is1 at  
the roots1 a way of making nations2 of  
developing  the resources of a country1 
of handling its industries1 of          
protecting  its commerce1 of enlarging  
its institutions1 of uplifting its      
training1  aspirations1 and ideals4     
,traffic is educational4 ,imports       
influence the  national life4 ,we may   
import opium or ,bibles1 whiskey or     
bread-stuffs1  locomotives or dancing   
pigs4    ,the sceptre held by ,tyre and 
,venice is passing into our own hands4  
,but  trade1 to-day1 is a matter of the 
imagination1 as well as of the          
stock-book4 #aa needs a great           
imagination to handle the present-day   
problems of business and finance4 ,the  
prosperity of a nation depends  largely 
on the intelligence1 integrity1 and     

magnanimity of its business  men4 ,to be
 narrow-minded in business1 is not only 
intellectual  astigmatism1 it is poor   
commercial policy4 ,to make use of      
present  opportunities to control       
present advantages needs a great        
education and  a large human experience4
 ,it is the man of insight1 of sympathy1
 of  economic ideals1 who will lastingly
 control our national prosperity and    
advance our industrial wealth4    ,with 
all this demand1 the business man still 
stands largely in a class  by himself1 a
 class apart from the great leaders of  
the world4 ,he is not  yet received into
 the spiritual circles of the race4 ,he 
goes about the  world1 sits on boards   
and committees1 fills directorships and 
trusteeships1 pays pew-rent1 and runs   
towns4 ,but when the spiritual          
conclaves of the world take place1 when 
the things of life and death are        
inquired into1 when words are said of   
the higher conduct of the life of  man1 
if he draw near inquiringly or          

unguardedly to the sacred place1        
scholar and poet1 priest1 saint1 and    
proud hand-worker alike rise up and     
say1 ,go away4    ,it wears upon the    
heart--this spiritual isolation of the  
business man4  ,does not he often say   
sadly to himself1 ,they only want my    
money8    ,why must he go away8 ,what   
has he done1 that he must be waved down8
 ,if we  discover why he must go away1  
we shall discover the meaning of that   
great caste-line which has long been    
drawn1 and ought no longer to be  drawn1
 between trade and letters1 trade and   
the ,church1 trade and  social prestige4
    ,the reason he must go away is this3
 ,he has never ruled the higher  history
 of man2 he does not yet quite belong to
 the ideal-makers of the  race4         
,understand1 ,i am not now speaking of  
the new business man1 the  exceptional  
one1 upright1 cultured1 altruistic1 whom
 you and ,i may know2  ,i am speaking of
 a broad class-line1 a class            
distinction4    ,it is a strange concept

 that would bar the business man from   
the ideal2  that would limit his life to
 an account-book1 a ledger1 a roll of   
stocks1 rents1 and possessions1 instead 
of granting him the freedom of  the     
universe1 the privilege of ministering  
to the race4 ,singularly  enough1 the   
business class is the last class that   
,christianity has set  free4 ,slaves    
have been given liberty2 women1 social  
companionship and  intellectual         
equality2 manual labor has been lifted  
to dignity and  honor4 ,but to break the
 shackles of the man of trade is the    
work of our  era1 or of an era yet to   
come4 ,thousands of young men are daily 
stepping  into counting-houses1 or      
behind sales-counters1 or into          
independent  stores1 who will never lift
 their eyes from their goods and        
account-books1 nor rise above the linen1
 hardware1 groceries1 or  house-fixtures
 which they sell4 ,such a situation is  
suicidal of national  prosperity1 and   
blocks the high hopes of the world4     

,lack of appreciation of the life of    
business is sinful and unjust4 ,a       
high-principled businessman may be one  
of the noblest leaders of  mankind4 ,the
 world needs great business men--men who
 will know how to  use the resources of 
a country1 how to plan for its industry1
  manufactures1 and commerce3 men who   
understand the principles of  production
 and exchange2 ways of transportation2  
systems of credit and  banking3 men who 
know the constitution of the country1   
and the history  of its development2 its
 strength and weakness1 its             
possibilities and  needs3 men who will  
deal honorably in business contracts1   
both with  buyers and employees1 and    
also with law-making bodies3 men who    
will  steadily try to advance           
international prosperity1 as well as    
personal wealth4    ,but to understand  
business on this plane1 and to conduct  
it in this  large way1 needs a fine     
education1 an education built1 first of 
all1 on  a practical basis1 such as the 

education of our common schools4 ,then  
should follow a course in the ideals of 
the race1 the classic studies in        
language1 literature1 history1 science1 
and philosophy4 ,then should come  a    
technical course1 graduate or           
undergraduate1 such as the courses      
offered by the ,universities of         
,pennsylvania1 ,chicago1 ,wisconsin1    
which  include1 in general1 lectures and
 special studies in ,public ,law and    
,politics1 ,business ,law and ,practice1
 ,political ,economy1 ,statistics1      
,banking1 ,finance1 and ,sociology4 ,in 
addition to this1 there should be a     
thorough knowledge of the ,bible and of 
,christian ,ethics1 with a deep         
heart-experience of religion4           
,endowed with natural business talent1  
the young man who goes out into  the    
world with such preparation as this     
knows a great deal more than  just how  
to make money2 he knows how to make it  
honorably and how to  spend it1 in his  
business1 family1 and social life1 for  

the public good2  he has in him the     
making of a statesman and a             
philanthropist1 as well as  a man of    
wealth4    ,two things take one into the
 inner circle of the ideal-makers of the
  race--imagination and sympathy4       
,ideals cannot be bought with gold4 ,the
  ideal is always founded on integrity1 
progress1 and common-sense4 ,it is      
preminently practical1 as well3 the     
thing that inevitably must be1 now  or  
hereafter1 however men laugh it to scorn
 to-day4    ,imagination is the faculty 
of perceiving the higher and final      
relations  of life1 the relation of     
one's work to the progress of the world1
 and of  one's conduct3 to spiritual    
history4 ,what the ideal-maker tries to 
do is  to set holy standards that shall 
not pass away3 to do abiding work1 in   
thought1 deed1 word2 work               
philosophically planned1 and            
perseveringly  carried out2 work which  
he shall do regardless of the outer     
circumstances of his life--poverty or   

wealth1 of threats1  misunderstanding1  
or hoots of scorn4 ,he is unmoved1 both 
by the rage of  the populace and by its 
most tumultuous applause4 ,he lives for 
truth1  not for personal advance2 for   
progress1 not for wealth or honor4 ,what
  he lays down as a precept1 that he    
tries to live up to1 in the way that    
shall win the approval of the eternal   
years4    ,sordidness in commercial life
 is not necessary3 greed is  not        
foreordained4 ,christianity establishes 
a new system of  trading-philosophy1 and
 a new basis of commercial ethics4      
,there is a  god-like way of            
trade--,christ might ,himself have      
bought and sold--else  ,christianity    
fails of its full mission1 and there    
remains a class of the  socially lost1  
of the ethically unsaved4 ,one reason   
why it is so hard to  get business men  
into the ,church1 or to interest them   
religiously in any  way1 is that        
ministers1 in general1 do not understand
 or appreciate  business men4 ,in one of

 the most stirring sermons ,i ever      
heard1 occurred  this unjust sentence3  
,our country has been built up by the   
martyr1 and  not by the millionaire4    
,no6 ,our country has been built up by  
both the  martyr and the millionaire6   
,christianity projects into the world   
new ideals of ,trade1 of ,gain1 of      
,competition1 ,value1 and ,return for   
,toil4    ,what is ,trade8 ,is it merely
 a way of making money8 ,then there is  
no  ethical basis for it4 ,the amount of
 money which is needed for a good  life1
 says ,aristotle1 is not unlimited4     
,one concept is3 ,trade is something    
which belongs to me4 ,it is that part   
of the world's exchange which ,i can get
 under my personal control4 ,it  is the 
balance between human industries and    
human needs which ,i hold  for my part  
of the world1 and which others are      
continually trying to  wrest from me1   
and which ,i must keep by all means1    
fair or foul4  ,competition is the      
battle of the strongest1 the quickest1  

the meanest6 ,i  must know tricks4 ,i   
must get in with people1 get hold of    
some sort of  pull1 learn to dissemble1 
to flatter1 manipulate1 hedge1 dodge4   
,success  is a matter of being sly4     
,anything is allowable which comes out  
ahead1  which adds to the dollar-pile1  
or which makes the loudest  advertising 
noise6    ,to buy at the least1 and sell
 at the most1 regardless of the         
conditions  under which least and most  
are attained--the man who enters life   
with  this idea of trade in his mind    
might just as well be born a shark and  
live to prey4 ,every free dollar in the 
world will tease and fret him1  until he
 sees it on its way to his own pocket4  
,if this is all there is  in trade1 the 
noble-minded will let it alone3 it gives
 no human outlook4  ,it not only        
undermines personal character1 it is the
 root of national  ignominy and         
dishonor4    ,what has ,christianity to 
do with this shark-instinct8 with the   
rapacity  which looks on the world as a 

vast grabbing-ground1 and upon all      
natural  resources as mere commercial   
prey8 ,the value of ,christianity lies  
in its  reasonable and intellectual     
appeal4 ,it does not spring upon one    
like a  highwayman and say1 ,hands up6  
,give me your purse6 ,it says gently1   
,son1  give me thy heart4 ,it then      
proceeds to refashion that heart1 to    
fill it  with new principles and with   
world-dreams4    ,trade is a just       
exchange of what one man has for what   
another man needs4  ,it may take place  
individually between man and man1 in    
which transaction  a horse1 an ox1 or a 
tool may change hands4 ,or one man may  
assume a  responsibility for a number of
 people1 and say3 ,i will give this     
whole  town shoes1 in return for which  
you may give me a house1 market-produce1
  clothing1 and an education for my     
children4 ,the thing will come out      
even1 if you and ,i are honest4 ,or a   
climate1 a civilization1 may give to    
another that which the other lacks4 ,we 

send school-books and machinery  to     
,china2 she sends us tea1 matting1 and  
bamboo4 ,the whole right theory  of     
trade is a give-and-take between men and
 nations1 based on a just  price1 and   
with a deep law of ,value1 not yet      
wholly formulated1  underlying each     
transaction4    ,bargains should not be 
one-sided4 ,trade1 in a large sense1 is 
a way of  exchange in which each party  
to the trade receives an advantage4 ,not
  only this1 it is a process of         
distribution1 by which each one receives
  the greatest possible advantage4      
,money-making is a secondary result3 in 
true trade it is not the final benefit4 
,take the case of a specially helpful   
and paying book4 ,the author  receives a
 royalty1 and has an income4 ,the       
publisher receives his  profits1 and    
makes a living4 ,the public gains       
inspiration and ideals4  ,who is loser8 
,this is sheer business1 yet it means   
loving service for  all concerned4      
,to illustrate further3 ,a physician has

 a frail child1 with which the  ordinary
 milk in the market does not agree4 ,to 
build up its health1 he  buys a country 
place and a good cow4 ,the child        
thrives4 ,in his practice1  he sees many
 other frail children1 and it occurs to 
him that they1 too1  can be benefited by
 the same kind of care and watchfulness 
that he is  giving his own child4 ,he   
buys more cows1 has them scientifically 
cared  for1 and his agents sell the     
milk4 ,he finds himself1 in the course  
of  time1 the owner of a dairy farm1 and
 a man of increasing income4 ,but his   
trade is not trade for the sake of      
money6 it is trade to make sick         
children strong and well4 ,he exchanges 
professional knowledge1 executive       
ability1 and human sympathy1 for money2 
in return for which1 children  receive  
health1 parents joy1 and the race a more
 athletic set of men and  women4 ,this  
is an instance of the inner spirit of   
the true trade3 the  spirit which may   
rule all trade1 deny it1 or discount it1

 or scorn it1  as you will4    ,price is
 a value set on material1 on labor1 on  
interest1 on scarcity1 on  excellence1  
on commercial risks2 it is the          
approximate measure of the  cost of     
production4 ,the ethical price of a     
commodity is the price which  would     
enable its producer to produce it under 
healthful and happy  conditions--which  
would insure his having what ,dr4       
,patten calls his  economic rights4     
,this joyous exertion is not harmful2 it
 is tonic4 ,excellence is an            
inspiration1 an intoxication4 ,let      
excellence1 not ,will-it-pass8 be the   
standard of exchange4 ,from the very    
endeavor after excellence comes a       
certain exaltation of spirit1 which     
ennobles the least fragment of daily    
toil4 ,when the producer brings forth   
somewhat for sale1 let him say3  ,there6
 ,that is the best that ,i can do6 ,it  
is not what ,i tried to make of  it--the
 thing of my dreams--but it is the very 
best which1 under the  given conditions1

 ,i could produce4 ,then the shoddy side
 of trade will  disappear4    ,the ,law 
of ,equity is the final law of trade4   
,but in whose hands is  equity8 ,who    
appraises value8 ,who sets price8 ,in   
whose hand is the final  price of the   
necessaries of life--wheat1 rice1 sugar1
 soap1 cotton1  wool1 coal1 milk1 iron1 
lumber1 ice8 ,the man who puts a price  
on an  article1 as buyer or seller1     
enters an arena which is not only       
commercial--it is judicial and ethical3 
he declares for what amount a  man's    
life-blood shall be used4    ,no one    
absolutely sets price4 ,it is determined
 by far-reaching  industrial conditions1
 and by economic law4 ,war1 weather1    
famine1  stocks1 strikes1 elections1 all
 have a say4 ,yet1 to a certain degree1 
there are those who rule price4 ,as a   
representative of the ideal1 as         
executors of social trust1 how shall    
each one use his ,power of ,price8  ,the
 man who has control of a price--a price
 for a day's labor1 for  wages1 for a   

cargo1 or for any kind of product--has  
control of the  living conditions of the
 one who works for him4 ,the question is
 not3 ,how  shall ,i grind down price to
 the lowest8 ,it is3 ,what price will be
 an  ethical return to this man for his 
social toil8--just to me for my  brains1
 my capital1 my energy1 my distributing 
power1--just to him for  his brains1 his
 time1 his skill1 his artistic          
perceptions1 his fidelity  and honor8   
,each buyer must henceforth not only    
resolve3 ,i will buy only  what ,i can  
pay for1 but1 what ,i can pay for at a  
just rate4 ,so far as  lies in my power1
 ,i will make an adequate return to     
society for this  personal benefit4     
,some one says3 ,do you realize that you
 are making a moral laughing-stock  of  
much of our system of trade8 that you   
are setting an axe to that  system1 more
 cutting than the axe of any ,socialist1
 ,nihilist1 or  ,anarchist in the world8
 ,oh1 no4 ,i have simply set myself to  
answer the  question3 ,how can the      

business man stand among the            
ideal-makers of the  world1 so that he  
shall no more1 in spiritual assemblies1 
be told to  go away8    ,woman is the   
real economic distributer4 ,the         
millionaire manufacturer  imagines that 
he himself runs his business4 ,oh1 no4  
,it is run by  farmers' wives4 ,when    
they do not care for yarn or calico1 his
 looms  stand idle for a year2 the vast 
machinery of the world turns on woman's 
little word3 ,i want4 ,hence the        
education of women should include this  
factor3 the desire to want the right    
things4 ,extravagance is not a part  of 
woman's make-up2 it is extraneous4      
,gain is that which permanently enriches
 the life4 ,by every act of  charity1 or
 justice1 or insight1 or right barter1  
the soul is made more  grand4 ,true     
trade everywhere may be made a new      
method of inspiration1  growth1 and     
power4    ,money is a makeshift of the  
race4 ,god is the only real appraiser1  
and we  never get back a money-value for

 our soul's toil4 ,whether we pass      
wampum1 or nickels1 or taels1 or        
bank-checks1 we are not yet paid for    
our trade4    ,the higher value of money
 is its spiritual capacity4 ,not what it
 will  bring me is primarily important1 
but what ,i can buy with it for the     
race4 ,sometimes the question comes over
 me3 ,what am ,i trading for money8  ,my
 time8 ,my energy8 ,my ideals8 ,part of 
my soul is passing from me3 do  dollars 
ever repay8 ,hence it comes about that  
all money transactions are  fragmentary 
and symbolic4    ,money may lead to     
poverty1 or to spiritual wealth4 ,the   
gift of trade is  a gift of ,god1 as    
much as the gift of prophecy or song4   
,in a right way1  we should all love    
gain4 ,we are not born to go out of the 
world as poor  as when we came into it4 
,we should gain stature1 wisdom1        
strength1  influence1 ideals4 ,if our   
latent business capacity were more fully
  aroused1 we should get much more out  
of life4 ,we would refuse to barter  a  

spiritual heritage for carnal things4   
,we trade thoughts and feelings4 ,but it
 is very hard to trade fine  impulses   
with those who are intrinsically vulgar4
 ,their treasury is  empty of spiritual 
coin1 and their storehouse contains no  
world-thoughts4 ,we can send a caravan  
across the desert1 a ship across  the   
sea1 but we cannot send a ,thought into 
a flaccid or a pompous brain4    ,we    
trade position and influence4 ,the evil 
of the spoils system is not  that one   
gets something for something1--it is    
that one gets something  for something  
less1 or for nothing4 ,whatever we have 
to give may be  rightly given2 the wrong
 comes when we give it to the idle or   
unworthy4  ,when we trade political     
preferment for high merit1 both the     
office-holders and the country are      
gainers by the exchange4    ,marriage is
 the great mart of exchange4 ,here the  
possessions of one sex  are set up      
against those of the other4 ,everywhere 
marriage is spoken of  as a good or a   

bad bargain4 ,each man shall say3       
,sweetheart1 in ,myself  ,i offer you   
the treasures of manhood4 ,i give       
strength1 courage1  magnanimity1 action1
 protection1 and the indomitable will4  
,each wife  should say3 ,dear1 in me are
 all gentleness1 courtesy1 beauty1      
grace1  patience1 mercy1 and hope4 ,i1  
too1 am brave1 but my courage is of the 
heart4 ,i1 too1 am strong-willed1 but my
 will is deep-set in love4 ,as  years go
 on1 there comes a time when ,love says3
 ,between us now there is  neither mine 
nor thine4 ,the universe is ours        
together6    ,human love is not all4    
,there is yet a higher impulse4 ,the    
most  business-like question that ever  
touches the heart of man is this3 ,for  
what shall ,i trade my soul8 ,we hold   
our souls high3 we perceive that        
eternity itself is not too much to ask4 
,and hence the highest barter is  that  
of the earthly for the spiritual2 of the
 temporal for the unseen  and eternal4  
,we say1 ,give me ,god1 give me heaven1 

give me divine and  sacrificial ,love1  
and ,i will give my heart4 ,and thus the
 last  transaction is between ,god and  
the soul4 ,godliness is great ,gain1 and
 to  exchange earth for heaven is a     
satisfying and unregretted ,trade4      
,,iv4 ,,the ,,world-,,march3 ,,of       
,,workers         ,,armagedon           
,jesus1 ,thou hast bought us            
,not with gold or gem1       ,but with  
,thine own life-blood1         ,for ,thy
 diadem4       ,with ,thy blessing      
filling         ,each who comes to      
,thee1       ,thou hast made us willing1
         ,thou hast made us free4       
,by ,thy grand redemption1              
,by ,thy grace divine1           ,we are
 on the ,lord's side2                   
,saviour1 we are ,thine6         ,not   
for weight of glory1         ,not for   
crown or palm1       ,enter we the army1
         ,raise the warrior psalm2      
,but for love that claimeth             
,lives for whom ,he died1       ,he whom
 ,jesus nameth         ,must be on ,his 

side4           ,by ,thy love           
constraining1             ,by ,thy grace
 divine1           ,we are on the       
,lord's side2             ,saviour1 we  
are ,thine6         ,,frances ,,ridley  
,,havergal    ,what is work8 ,work is   
energy applied to the creation of either
 material  or immaterial products4 ,the 
digging of the soil preparatory to      
raising a  corn-crop is work2 the making
 of brooms2 the writing of fugues4      
,there is  no one who does not work1 at 
one time or another1 and a man's social 
value depends largely upon the amount of
 work that he can do4    ,even the      
energy which is seemingly applied to    
destructive tasks is  really subsidiary 
to a constructive ideal4 ,thus the      
hewing of timber is  a destructive task1
 but its object is not to scatter trees 
around1 but  to make a clearing on which
 to plant wheat2 or to have lumber1 in  
order  to build a house4 ,so1 also1 we  
blast rock1 in order to get stones for a
  stone wall1 or for the filling of a   

road-bed4 ,and we rip up old clothes  in
 order to have rags1 and to make room in
 our homes for other things4            
,destructiveness from a sheer love of   
destructiveness is not work--it is      
vandalism4 ,the true ,man works4 ,when  
,adam's crook-stick turned over the     
brown earth to make it fertile1 he began
 the industry of the world4 ,the  whole 
horizon of man's endeavor is spanned by 
one word1 ,work4 ,it has  built cities1 
bridged rivers1 united continents1 and  
sent the myriad  spindles of trade      
whirring under a thousand changing      
skies4    ,work is the open-sesame of   
success4 ,it is curious to see how      
uneasily  some men will roam from one   
end of the earth to the other1 trying to
  find an easy place1 a place where work
 will not be needed or required4  ,there
 is no such place4 ,the higher the      
honor1 the harder the work4 ,the  power 
to work is ordinarily the measure of a  
man's possibilities of  success4 ,long  
hours1 hard toil1 lack of recognition   

and appreciation1  drudgery1 a thousand 
attempts to one successful issue1--these
 are the  ways in which the colossal    
achievements of mankind have been built 
up4  ,work1 as has well been said1 is an
 ascending stairway4 ,on its broad base 
are ranged all the multitudes of the    
earth4 ,those who can climb mount  the  
higher and ever-narrowing stair4    ,the
 great man can begin anywhere1 or with  
any task4 ,he says1 ,if ,i am  going    
into the giant-business1 ,i may as well 
begin now6 ,born and bred in  the       
forest1 he lays hand to his axe1 and    
looking up at some tall oak1  cries out1
 ,i will begin here6 ,with the first    
stroke of the axe1 success  is not less 
sure than in his last endeavor4 ,success
 of the right kind is  a scientific     
achievement4    ,the line has not yet   
been drawn1 and ,i doubt whether it ever
 can be  drawn1 between productive and  
non-productive labor4 ,there is a       
cleavage  of tasks1 however1 which may  
be approximately expressed1 as work that

 is  done for support1 for daily bread1 
and work which is done because  certain 
faculties of mind and heart and soul    
demand expression1  development1 and    
scope4 ,we all have powers which are    
willing to be set  in action primarily  
for self-preservation--for personal1    
material1 and  transitory ends4 ,we are 
also endowed with faculties which react1
  primarily1 in behalf of universal     
aims1 though that may not debar them    
from also bringing an advantage to      
ourselves4 ,in proportion as we are     
talented1 magnanimous1 and high-minded1 
we delight in spending a part of  our   
lives in working for the race4    ,thus 
,thoreau1 when he1 by surveying1        
carpentry and day-labor of various      
other kinds1 had earned #ac4cd1 was     
doing income-work1 the work by  which he
 had to live4 ,for the same purpose1 he 
worked at raising  potatoes1 green corn1
 and peas4 ,when he wrote ,walden1 he   
did a kind of  work which also in time  
brought him an income4 ,but he did not  

write  ,walden for food or money2 he    
wrote it primarily because he liked to  
write1 and for the benefit of mankind4  
,in order to be contented and happy1    
each normal adult human being must  have
 at least the chance of doing these two 
kinds of work4 ,unless he or  she can do
 income-work1 he or she is not          
economically independent2  unless he can
 do universal work1 he is not socially  
and  spiritually free4    ,much of the  
present-day discontent is owing to the  
fact that these two  kinds of work are  
not represented1 as they should be1 in  
every  working-life4    ,the problem in 
regard to the working-man is not how to 
pet him1 nor to  patronize him1 but how 
to educate him and inspire him6 ,he is  
not a  parasite to be fed by the        
capitalist1 nor is the capitalist a     
parasite  upon the working-power of the 
working-man4 ,both are men4 ,the problem
 is1  ,how shall the capitalist lead the
 noblest1 most public-spirited1 and     
helpful life in relation to those in his

 employ8 ,how shall the  working-man lay
 hold on the best that life can give8   
,how shall he find a  work which he is  
competent to do1 and likes to do1 and   
may be supported  by doing--and at the  
same time have a chance to grow2 to     
enter into the  large1 free culture-life
 of the world8    ,the complaint of the 
working-man1 when really analyzed1 runs 
down to  this3 ,i do income-work1 but it
 does not bring me bread enough to live4
  ,not only that1 but ground down as ,i 
am by toil1 all possibility of the      
larger1 universal work is shut away from
 me4 ,my faculties are                  
atrophied--paralyzed--and hence my soul 
smoulders with deep and angry           
discontent4 ,this ceaseless and sordid  
anxiety for bread cuts me out of  my    
world-life1 my world-toil4 ,i cannot do 
scientific research-work1 or  write the 
books and papers that ,i ought4 ,my     
universal labor is  interrupted3 ,i     
cannot be happy until ,i can take up    
this larger  work again4    ,as the     

trade of civilization advances1 the     
meaning of bread changes4 ,the          
university professor1 no less than the  
day-laborer1 finds his income  too small
 for him1 and says1 ,i1 too1 do         
income-work which does not  bring me    
bread1 books1 travel1 society1 a summer 
home1 and surroundings  which are not   
only decent and sanitary1 but refined   
and beautiful4    ,is it not also the   
source of the discontent to-day1 among  
almost all  classes of women1 except the
 most highly educated and efficient8    
,women  say--our modern daughters1      
wives1 and mothers3 ,in the home1 we do 
income-work for which we do not receive 
income4 ,when strangers do this  work1  
they are paid1 and we are not4 ,in      
addition1 many a woman is so  bound down
 by daily tasks1 that her whole soul    
cries out1 and we hear of  the high rate
 of insanity among farmers' wives1 of   
nervous prostration  of the housewives  
in our towns1 and become accustomed to  
such  expressions as the death of a     

woman on a ,kansas farm4    ,this       
discontent takes many restless forms4   
,it leads daughters1 who ought  to be at
 home1 out into morally dangerous but   
income-earning work2 it  takes wives out
 into all manner of clubs1 without      
regard to the fact3 as  to whether the  
particular club1 in its atmosphere and  
influence1 is good  or bad2 it brings   
discouragement1 disorder1 and unrest    
into the home1  dissatisfaction with    
house-duties and home-tasks1 and is     
sapping our  life where it should be    
best and strongest--in the home--taking 
out of  it youth1 spirit1 enthusiasm1   
inspiration1 and content4    ,the three 
questions asked in regard to each worker
 are3 #a4 ,what work  can he do8 #b4 ,of
 what quality8 #c4 ,in what time8 ,the  
difference between  industry and        
idleness is that work is one thing which
 no one may  honorably escape4 ,since it
 must be done1 the problem of life is   
not how  to escape work1 but how to find
 the right work1 and how best to do it1 

and most swiftly1 when the choice is    
made4    ,forth they come from grief and
 torment2 on they wend     toward health
 and mirth1  ,all the wide world is     
their dwelling1 every corner of the     
earth4  ,buy them1 sell them for thy    
service6 ,try the bargain what     'tis 
worth1            ,for the days are     
marching on4    ,these are they who     
build thy houses1 weave thy raiment1    
win thy wheat1  ,smooth the rugged1 fill
 the barren1 turn the bitter into       
sweet1  ,all for thee this day--and     
ever4 ,what reward for them     is meet8
            ,till the host comes        
marching on4                 ,,william  
,,morris    ,,second    ,the trade of   
toil for money has led to many problems 
and discussions4  ,to-day the trenchant 
question3 ,what ,more than ,wages8 is a 
matter of  eager talk4 ,is this a       
living-wage8--,just enough warmth1 not  
to freeze4  ,just enough clothing to be 
decent4 ,just enough food to go through 
the  day without actual hunger4 ,just   

enough shelter to keep out the wind and 
rain and snow4 ,just enough education to
 learn to read and write  and count4    
,no4 ,as the theory of bodily freedom   
demands for each man life1 liberty1  and
 the pursuit of happiness1 so the       
highest theory of to-day lays down      
demands of economic freedom beyond the  
mere fad of possible existence4  ,dr4   
,patten has formulated certain economic 
rights of man4 ,each  employer must say3
 ,before ,i settle back with a serene   
belief that ,i have  given my men a     
living-wage1 let me ask3 ,have they sun8
 air8 sanitary  surroundings and        
conditions8 medical care8 leisure8      
education8 a chance  to grow8 ,have they
 enough money for ordinary occasions1   
and a little to  give away8 ,no man or  
woman has a living-wage1 who has no     
money to  give away4    ,education and  
comfort add to the value of the         
employed4 ,the cook who has  a          
rocking-chair1 a cook-book1 and a       
housekeeping magazine in her kitchen    

will do more work1 and better work1     
other things being equal1 than the  cook
 who has none4 ,the workman who lives in
 a clean1 sunny1 well-aired  place1     
where he can found a home1 and bring up 
healthy children1 will do  more work1   
and better work1 than the workman who   
lives in a damp1 dark1  ill-ventilated  
tenement1 and who goes to his day's work
 with a heart  sullen and broken because
 of avoidable illness and sorrow in his 
poor  little home4 ,five thousand       
employees who have a night-school1      
luncheon-rooms1 little houses and       
gardens1 a savings-bank1 and a library  
of books and pictures are worth more    
than those who are given no such        
advantages of happiness1 growth1 and    
content4 ,the ,railroad ,young ,men's   
,christian ,associations are said to be 
a good economic investment1 as  well as 
an uplifting moral influence4    ,this  
appears to be a fundamental economic    
law3 ,every physical1 mental1  or       
spiritual advantage offered to an honest

 working man or woman  increases his    
economic efficiency4 ,therefore even the
 selfish policy of  shrewd corporations 
to-day is to screw up1 and not down2    
while the more  philanthropic are       
beginning to see1 in their social power1
 a luminous  opportunity to do a        
god-like service4    ,but the           
capitalist1 however just or generous1   
cannot do for a man what  he cannot or  
will not do for himself4 ,too many      
workers imagine that a  living-wage is  
to be given to each man1 no matter how  
he behaves or  works4 ,this is a false  
assumption4 ,underlying all human       
effort1 there  runs a final law1 that of
 ,compensation3 ,what ,i earn1 ,i shall 
some day  have4 ,this is a very         
different proposition from this3 ,what  
,i do not  earn1 ,i want to have6 ,for  
every stroke of human toil1 the universe
  assigns a right reward--a reward1 not 
of money only1 but of peace of  heart1  
joy1 and the possibilities of           
helpfulness4 ,but when the work done    

has not been done faithfully1 or well1  
or honestly1 or in the right  spirit1   
the reward is lessened to that exact    
degree4 ,to the end of time1  the idle  
and the lazy must1 if they are dependent
 on their own  exertions1 be ill housed 
and fed4 ,if a man wastes1 or his wife  
does1 he  must not complain that his    
income will not support him4 ,if he lets
  opportunities of sustenance and       
advancement go by1 the capitalist is not
  to be held to account4    ,there are  
two chief kinds of economic             
difficulties4 ,one is the problem  of   
the capitalist3 ,how much ought ,i to   
pay8 ,the second is that of the         
working-man3 ,how much service must ,i  
render8 ,how much ought ,i to be  paid8 
,of the second kind1 nearly every phase 
of it begins right here1  that men and  
women demand for labor something which  
they have not  earned4 ,they do         
careless1 indifferent1 shiftless1       
reckless work1 and  then demand a       
living-wage4 ,the capitalist is not     

inclined to raise his  scale of prices1 
knowing that he has built up his        
business by prudence1  sagacity1 and    
tireless application--the very qualities
 which his  dissatisfied employees lack4
    ,we need not pay--we ought not to   
pay--for incompetence1 for              
impertinence1 for disobedience of       
orders1 for laziness1 for shirking1  for
 cheating1 or for theft4 ,to do so is a 
social wrong4 ,it is the wrong  that    
lies back1 not only of sinecures and    
spoils1 but of employing  incompetent   
and wasteful cooks and dressmakers4     
,what we make of our lives through wages
 depends upon ourselves4 ,for  instance1
 a man gives each of five boys          
twenty-five cents for sweeping  snow off
 his sidewalks4 ,one boy tosses pennies1
 and loses his quarter by  gambling4    
,one boy buys cigarettes1 and sends his 
money up in smoke4 ,one  boy buys       
newspapers1 and sells them at a profit  
which buys him his  dinner4 ,a fourth   
boy buys seeds1 plants them1 and raises 

a tiny garden  which keeps him in beans 
for a whole season1 ,the fifth boy buys 
a book  which starts him on the career  
of an educated man3 he becomes an       
inventor and a man of means4 ,the man   
who paid out the twenty-five cents  to  
each boy is in no way responsible for   
the success or failure of their         
investment of this quarter4 ,he is      
responsible only for the fact that he   
did or did not pay a fair price for the 
work4    ,god1 the great ,paymaster1    
gives to each of us the one talent1 the 
two  talents1 or the ten talents1 of    
endowment and opportunity3 after that1  
we are left to our own devices6         
,there are four things which every      
employee should constantly bear in      
mind1 if he wishes to advance1--skill1  
business opportunity1 loyalty1  and     
control4 ,until a man has mastered what 
he has to do1 he cannot be  expected to 
be accounted a serious factor in the    
economic world4 ,the  moment he achieves
 skill in what he has to do--and this is

 a question of  thoroughness1 accuracy1 
and speed--he has achieved power1 a     
possibility  of dictation in the matter 
of hours and wages4    ,the next point  
is business opportunity4 ,two men1 of   
exactly the same  opportunities and     
endowments1 take up the same task4 ,one 
man idles and  is surpassed by the      
other1 or he does only what he is told  
to do1  without further thought4 ,the   
other performs his set task1 but at the 
same time he is examining into the      
principles of his engine1 or into the   
conduct of the factory or business4 ,in 
a few years he is the foreman1 or  an   
inventor1 or a partner1 with independent
 capital of his own4 ,again1  there is a
 blind way of doing skilled work1 or of 
merely doing it  without noticing where 
it is most needed1 or how the market is 
going for  this special kind of work4   
,the one who has his eyes open reads1   
notes  the state of the market1 adds to 
his skill the power of counsel1 and can 
gradually take a larger responsibility  

upon him1 which will advance the        
economic value of his time1 as well as  
the work4 ,there is a constant  flux in 
the labor-world1 which is the result    
largely1 not of special  opportunity1   
but of worth1 application1 and          
concentrated thought4    ,third1 loyalty
 has a high mercantile value4           
,disloyalty is a sin4    ,the fourth    
point is control4 ,does it not strike   
wonder to think how some  men have under
 them1 either in their industrial plant1
 or in their  railway systems1 or in    
their syndicate-work1 anywhere from a   
few hundred  to ten1 fifteen1 or twenty 
thousand men8 ,how do they maintain     
discipline1 either themselves1 or       
through their subordinates8 ,this       
problem of control is a serious one in  
business4 ,every angry threat1  every   
sullen hour1 each case of               
insubordination1 every strike1 every    
widespread dissatisfaction1 means       
economic waste4 ,it means expense both  
of time and money to send for           

,pinkertons to keep order and preserve  
discipline4 ,the man who adds to his    
technical skill1 and his knowledge  of  
the market1 the power of control adds   
great force and value to his  work4     
,higher yet is executive force1 the     
power to adjust  responsibilities and   
duties in such a way as to get back a   
high economic  return in the way of     
service4 ,but above all1 there is that  
force of  character which impresses     
itself on a company1 on a decade1 on a  
generation--so that some names are      
handed down in business from  generation
 to generation1 all men knowing that    
from father to son1 and  again to his   
son1 there will pass down that certain  
integrity1 nobility1  steadfastness of  
purpose1 fidelity1 and honor which give 
credit  throughout the business world1  
and which promise health and happiness  
for those who are happy to be in their  
employ4    ,before a man complains of   
his wages1 then1 let him ask himself3   
,have ,i  mastered my work8 ,am ,i      

loyal8 ,am ,i capable of larger         
responsibilities1  and of wider control8
          ,,third    ,,william ,,morris 
says3 ,it is right and necessary that   
all men should  have work to do which   
shall be worth doing1 and be of itself  
pleasant to  do3 and which should be    
done under such conditions as would make
 it  neither over-wearisome1 nor        
over-anxious4    ,this theorem cannot be
 upheld in its entirety1 though there is
 a deep  truth beneath it4 ,there are   
many things1 such as the collecting of  
garbage1 the washing of the dead poor1  
the cleaning of cesspools1 the  butchery
 of cattle for the market1 and the      
execution of capital  criminals1 which  
can scarcely be called pleasant to do1  
and must yet be  done4 ,as long as the  
world is the world1 and there is in it  
sin1 decay1  disease1 and death1 we     
cannot hope to make the work or the     
conditions of  work absolutely ideal3 we
 can make ideal the spirit in which work
  is done6    ,a fine story is told that

 long ago1 when the cholera once broke  
out in  ,philadelphia1 the hospitals    
fell into a fearful state4 ,one day1 a  
plain1  quiet little man stepped into   
the chief hospital1 looked about a      
moment1  and set to work4 ,no task was  
too dirty or disagreeable for him2 no   
detail was too disgusting4 ,he did      
anything he saw to be done1--called in  
additional doctors1 organized the       
nurses1 and himself waited on patients  
night and day4 ,he soon had the hospital
 in good shape again4 ,when the  crisis 
passed1 and every one began to demand1  
,who is this man8--they  were told3 ,it 
is ,stephen ,girard4 ,the work was not  
pleasant1 but the  spirit was kind1 and 
the heart delighted in its              
self-appointed toil4    ,work in        
general1 however1 that has worth has    
several elements4 ,first1 ,it  must be  
individual4 ,it must be joyfully done3  
there must enter into work  the vitality
 of a happy spirit4 ,it must be         
spontaneous4 ,this is why  machine-work 

can never be thoroughly beautiful3 it   
lacks the spontaneity  of life4 ,the    
hand never makes two things alike4 ,with
 the mood1 the  weather1 the occasion1  
there are little touches added which a  
machine  cannot give4 ,life always      
varies and thinks of new effects4       
,when we try to realize what work is1   
when it is merely an amount of toil     
prodded out of man or woman by a hard   
taskmaster1 we have only to look  back  
to the bondage of ,israel in ,egypt1 or 
to the time of ,scylla1 when  there were
 thirteen million slaves in ,italy      
alone3 slaves whose set  tasks were of  
over two hundred and fifty kinds2 who   
worked on the  road-building1 on public 
works1 and in rowing in the galleys of  
the  slave-propelled ships4 ,in         
,carthage agriculture was for a time    
largely  carried on by slave-labor4 ,how
 different is this slave-labor from the 
craft-work of mediaeval times1 when1    
under the protection of the guilds1     
manual labor became exalted to an       

artistic rank1 and the workers at the   
loom1 the metal-workers1 the            
wood-carvers1 the tapestry-weavers1 and 
the  workers in pottery and glass       
produced objects whose beauty has never 
been either equalled or surpassed4      
,andrea del ,sarto and ,benvenuto       
,cellini were workers1 and their work   
remains4    ,again1 good work is born of
 affection4 ,love teaches more art than 
all  the schools4 ,what we love1 we     
instinctively beautify4 ,the artist     
beautifies the material on which he     
works4 ,he loves his task1 and from  his
 love there begins a gradual shaping of 
the ideal4 ,the product gains  a touch  
of beauty4 ,the needlework of ,egypt and
 ,byzantium1 the laces of  ,venice and  
of ,spain1 are historic4 ,it is said of 
,queen ,isabella1 that  she was one of  
the best needleworkers of her age2 that 
her motifs  were the great events of the
 time4    ,a peasant girl of ,venice was
 once given a beautiful coral-branch and
  some rare leaves and shells which her 

lover had gathered for her from  the    
sea-depths4 ,she was untaught in art1   
and making fish-nets was her  wonted    
work4 ,day by day as she wrought her    
nets1 she looked upon the  lovely       
sea-treasures1 their beauty passed into 
her heart and mind1 and  she began to   
copy1 spray by spray1 the coral-foliage1
 the leaves of the  sea-grasses1 and the
 curves of the sea-shells1 until after a
 time1 in  the meshes of her fish-nets1 
she had imprisoned forms of exquisite   
beauty1 and one saw there reproduced1 in
 dainty and artistic grouping1  what her
 very soul had loved and fed upon4 ,her 
fish-nets became works  of art4    ,work
 of a high order is always based on high
 ideals and on great  thoughts4 ,it     
implies a vast amount of toil4 ,the     
,capellmeister of the  ,vatican choir   
to-day is that wonderful young genius1  
,perosi1 who is  stirring all ,europe by
 the beauty of his musical work1 and by 
the  spirituality and fervor of his     
musical imagination4 ,he has set himself

  to compose twelve oratorios1 which    
shall body forth the whole life of  the 
,saviour4 ,he believes that the         
music-lover and the church-lover may  be
 identical1 and has set his hand to the 
uniting of all true  music-lovers with  
the great offices and services and      
influences of the  ,church4 ,here is    
,work exalted to its spiritual office3  
to carry out1 not  only ideals of beauty
 and harmony1 but to advance spiritual  
progress4  ,this is the final aim of all
 true work3 it must be not only         
aesthetic1  and honest1 but spiritual4  
,the prayer of the true workman is ever 
to  make himself a workman approved unto
 ,god4 ,may the beauty of the ,lord be  
upon us1 and the work of our hands1     
establish ,thou it6    ,the worker      
should have change of work4 ,nature     
never intended that a man  should do one
 thing all his life4 ,this is in harmony
 neither with man's  infinite capacity1 
nor with her inexhaustible variety4     
,change is  cultural1 and a man's work  

,should1 from time to time1 engross     
every  working-power he has4            
,working-surroundings should not only be
 sanitary1 they should be  beautiful4   
,what influences one most at college1   
and makes most for one's  happiness1 is 
not the fact of the work in             
recitation-rooms1 out of  books1        
laboratories1 and under teachers4 ,the  
glory of college life is1  that wherever
 one goes1 the eyes look out on beauty1 
and wherever one  works1 there are those
 whom we love who work beside us4    ,as
 one passes down the long college       
corridors1 the eyes fall upon palm  and 
statue1 upon frieze and fresco1 and the 
carbon copies of immortal  paintings4   
,everywhere there are the inspirations  
of sculpture and  architecture1 of      
music1 literature1 and art4 ,beauty is  
in and about the  place in which one    
thinks and works4 ,this is the undying  
charm of  ,oxford--the gathering        
traditions of centuries1 the gleaming   
spires1 the  age-worn walls and         

buttresses1 the clinging vine1 the      
tremulous light  and shadow on the      
ancient halls1 the sculpture of porch   
and clerestory1  and the light that     
falls through richly tinted windows4    
,this beauty should not be monopolized  
by any one class4 ,about the places     
where we work1 we should have1 as far as
 possible1 something of the  beauty of  
the world4 ,we should have wide1 shaded 
streets and parks1 even  in great       
cities2 towers and pinnacles2 sky-lines 
of vigor1 grace1 and  massive strength4 
,cannot department stores be            
artistically fashioned and  built8      
,cannot market-houses have arches and   
arabesques8 ,may not even the  ,bourse  
have something about it suggestive of   
great art8 ,cannot our  streets have    
curves and storied cross-ways8 ,cannot  
porters and draymen  have somewhat to   
arouse and satisfy aesthetic instincts8 
,cannot our  day-laborers be granted    
vision8    ,why should we have the      
,gothic cathedral1 with its exquisite   

traceries  and carvings1 pillars and    
reredos and screen1 for men to pray in1 
one or  two hours a week1 and the       
hideous1 grime-covered1 foul-smelling1  
overheated factories1 in which men and  
women spend their working-lives8  ,this 
is what ,christianity must do3 it must  
implant joy and beauty1 as  well as     
honesty and fidelity1 in the way1 place1
 and thought of work6  ,when religion1  
education1 art1 and brotherly affection 
have joined hands  in a charmed circle1 
we shall have new ideas of              
working-places1 as well  as of          
praying-places1 and of living-places6   
,it is not enough that a  factory should
 be situated1 as the best factories now 
are1 in the open  country1 with sunshine
 and fresh air4 ,the blockhouse         
parallelograms and  squares should be   
replaced by something that has intrinsic
 beauty and  the haunting completeness  
of memory and association1 so that the  
place  where a man works shall no more  
be to him a nightmare1 but the          

atmosphere and inspiration of his       
dreams6    ,and those we love shall work
 beside us6 ,here is another thought3   
,shall  all association in work be      
arbitrary8 ,is there not a more human   
way than  the chain-gang way8 ,could not
 friends work more together1 so that    
one's  daily work should be1 not a time 
of separation from all we love most1    
but a time of intellectual sympathy and 
helpfulness1 of companionship  and      
true-hearted loyalty8 ,this1 and many   
other good things1 it is not  too much  
to hope for4 ,truly1 as ,morris writes1 
,the ,day is ,coming4    ,then a man    
shall work and bethink him1 and rejoice 
in     the deeds of his handy  ,nor yet 
come home in the even too faint and     
weary to     stand4    ,men in that time
 a-coming shall work and have no fear   
,for the morrow's lack of earning and   
the hunger-wolf       anear4    ,and    
what wealth then shall be left us when  
none shall     gather gold  ,to buy his 
friend in the market1 and pinch and pine

 the     sold8    ,nay1 what save the   
lovely city1 and the little house on the
     hill1  ,and the wastes and the     
woodland beauty1 and the happy          
fields we till2    ,and the homes of    
ancient stories1 the tombs of the mighty
     dead2  ,and the wise men seeking   
out marvels1 and the poet's teeming     
head2    ,and the painter's hand of     
wonder2 and the marvellous              
fiddle-bow2  ,and the banded choirs of  
music3--all those that do and     know4 
,far all these shall be ours and all    
men's1 nor shall any     lack a share   
,of the toil and the gain of living in  
the days when the     world grows fair4 
,,fourth    ,good workers are trained in
 the home1 the school1 the shop1 the    
wider  world4 ,every home is an         
industrial establishment4 ,in it go on  
the  industrial processes of cooking1   
cleaning1 sewing1 washing2 the care of  
silver1 glass1 linen1 and household     
stores2 the activities of buying  food  
and clothing2 the moral responsibilities

 of teaching and training  servants and 
children4 ,if any healthy member of the 
home is excused from  at least some form
 of active work1 he will inevitably be a
 shirker when  he grows up4 ,cannot     
almost all the problems of human        
training be run  down to this3 ,how to  
teach a child to work8 ,if he can work1 
he can be  happy2 but if he does not    
want to work1 he shall never be happy4  
,no  work1 no joy1 is the universal     
dictum4    ,this is the great hardship  
of the children of great wealth3 they   
are not  taught to work4 ,to avoid this 
difficulty1 in two very wealthy families
  that ,i know1 the boys were even      
obliged to darn their own stockings and 
mend their own clothes4 ,one young      
hopeful once tore his clothes           
a-fishing1 and mended his trousers with 
a scarlet flannel patch6 ,some  mothers 
do not allow their little girls to go to
 school until their beds  are made up   
and their rooms in order4 ,other equally
 wise parents have  tools in the house1 

and allow the boys to do all the repair 
work1 the  daughters all the family     
mending1 or to care for the linen2 the  
boys to  put in electric fixtures and   
bells1 and keep the batteries in order4 
,queen ,margherita of ,italy1 ,queen    
,elizabeth of ,roumania1 ,queen         
,alexandra  of ,england1 and the        
,empress ,augusta of ,germany are all   
women who have  been from their         
childhood acquainted with simple and    
practical household  tasks4 ,this       
principle is a right one and underlies  
much after-success4  ,each child should1
 first of all1 have a mastery of        
home-tasks4 ,then1  whether on the      
prairie or in the palace1 he is free and
 independent4    ,what makes the        
differences in the social privileges    
given to one class  of workers above    
another8 ,in reality1 we are all        
workers4 ,no one ought  to live1 if in  
health1 who does not work4 ,but for some
 forms of work1  men and women receive  
an income1 and nothing more4 ,for other 

work1 men  and women may or may not     
receive a large personal income1 but    
their work  is recognized1 they are a   
part of the best social circles1 and    
when they  die1 a city or a nation      
grieves4    ,the essential difference is
 this3 that one is honor-work1 and one  
is  not4 ,wherever in the world work is 
done in a spirit of love and  fidelity1 
it brings its own reward in recognition 
and in personal  affection4 ,sooner or  
later1 honor-work receives honor4       
,another reason for exaltation of one   
form of work above another1 is  that    
some kinds of work are so very hard to  
do4 ,they involve the intense  and      
complicated action of many and of       
complex powers4 ,it may be hard         
physical work to break stones for a     
road-way1 but the task itself is a      
simple one--the lifting of the arm and  
dropping it again with sufficient  force
 to split a rock apart4 ,but the writing
 of a prose masterpiece1  such as the   
,areopagitica1 involves the highest     

human faculties in  harmonious action4  
,if we add to the requirements of prose1
 the rhythm1  the exalted imagery1 and  
perhaps the assonance and rhyme of      
verse1 we  still further increase the   
difficulty of the task1 and the honor of
 its  successful achievement4 ,the      
king-work of a powerful monarch1 the    
president-work of a republican leader1  
is serious work to do4 ,our honor  is   
not all given to the king or president  
income1 salary1 or office2 it  is a     
tribute to hard and royal-minded work4  
,household service is personal service4 
,it cannot be made a thing of set       
hours1 and of measurably set tasks1 as  
office-work maybe4 ,we may talk of      
eight-hour shifts1 but they are scarcely
 practicable4 ,not every baby  would go 
to successive shifts6 ,house-demands    
vary1 not only with every  household1   
but with every day4    ,when love-making
 is wholly scientific1 then domestic    
service will be4  ,there is in it the   
same delicate personal adjustment1 the  

changing  requirements of weather1      
health1 temper1 and season1 of emergency
 and  stress1 that are to be found in   
the most purely personal relation4 ,when
  there is a period of unusual sickness 
through the community1 not only  the    
doctors have extra tasks1 but all       
household servants as well4    ,what    
social recognition can be given to      
servants who lie1 steal1 who  shirk     
every duty that can be shirked1 and who 
are both incompetent and  unfaithful8   
,the here-and-there one faithful helper 
receives her meed of  appreciation and  
affection4 ,the whole aspect of         
household work will  change when        
honor-work is given3 when home-helpers  
come up to us1 from  the truthful and   
honor-loving class4    ,the school-room 
is the place in which the principles of 
work are  implanted3 thoroughness1      
grasp1 speed1 decision1 and definite    
purpose4  ,the shop is the              
apprentice-place of work1 before one    
takes up individual  responsibilities4  

,the man who wishes to rise in the      
railroad service  goes into the shops   
and roundhouse4 ,the man who wishes to  
take charge of  an important department 
in a department store is put to tying   
packages4    ,teachers' work will not be
 rightly done until certain advantages  
are  given to teachers that are now     
largely withheld4 ,teachers need more   
society1 more hours of play1 freer      
opportunity of marriage4 ,instead of    
being tied up to exercise-books and     
roll-books1 in their home-hours1  they  
should have a chance to spend their time
 on the golf-links1 at  afternoon teas1 
in visiting and in entertaining friends4
 ,take away  society from any man or    
woman1 and you take away the possibility
 of a  growing1 happy1 and helpful life4
 ,we need friends just as we need air4  
,teachers need admiration and affection1
 just as much as the society  girl does4
    ,universities should have1 in their 
faculties1 men and women who  represent 
the best social as well as the best     

intellectual life of the  world--who are
 not only1 in the highest sense of the  
word1 society men  and women1 but who   
are social leaders1 inspiring truth1    
inculcating  larger social ideals of the
 best sort4    ,the problem between     
capitalist and laborer1 however1 only   
affects a  portion of the world2 that of
 domestic service a still smaller       
proportion2 that of teachers affects    
only a class4 ,there is another         
problem1 which affects nearly all       
married women1 and therefore a large    
section of the human race4 ,it is the   
problem of mother-work4 ,here is  where 
the economist should next turn his      
attention4 ,first1 ,what is             
,mother-work8 ,second1 ,what are the    
best economic conditions under which    
this work can be done8 ,when we have    
solved this question1 we shall have     
solved a great human problem4           
,mother-work includes the bearing and   
the rearing of children1 the  conduct of
 a home1 and the placing of that home in

 the right social  atmosphere and       
relations4 ,it includes manual1         
intellectual1 and  spiritual labors4    
,the one who lives and works1 as ,god   
meant her to live  and work1 will never 
feel over-fatigue4 ,why do mothers often
 look so  tired8 ,it is because they too
 often do not have what every mother    
ought  to have3 education1 rest1 change1
 a ,sabbath-day1 individual income1     
intellectual interests1 society4        
,whether in the simplest home or in the 
stateliest1 there are certain  manual   
things to be done in regard to the care 
and bringing-up of  children1 and the   
conduct of a home4 ,to make the         
conditions of a woman's  life easier1   
the very first thing is this3 #a4 ,women
 should be educated  primarily for      
home-life4 ,by this ,i do not mean that 
a woman should be  taught cooking1 and  
not political economy2 that she should  
be instructed  in dressmaking and       
nursery-work1 but not in chemistry and  
logic4 ,i mean  that the very fullest   

education that schools1 colleges1       
universities1  and foreign travel can   
give1 should be given to the woman who  
is  fortunate enough to have them at    
command1 and that every woman1          
according to the degree of her          
possibilities of education and          
opportunity1 should have the best4 ,but 
always this education should be  thought
 of as a part of her preparation for a  
woman's life4 ,when boys  are in a      
business college1 the principal of that 
college does not forget  that among the 
boys there may be more than one who will
 never have a  business life1 but who   
will go out into other interests and    
pursuits4  ,yet he turns the thoughts of
 all boys in his school specially toward
  business problems4 ,in schools and    
colleges for women1 not all the girls   
will marry1 not all will be mothers1 but
 most of them will be4 ,is not1  then1  
the normal education of a woman that    
which1 while it does not  cramp her life
 in one direction1 nor mould her in a   

set way1 yet keeps  always in mind the  
fact that the normal woman is being     
educated for a  normal woman's life8    
,this would not necessarily change the  
curriculum of our colleges in any  way2 
it would change the spirit and          
atmosphere of some of them at once4     
,instead of the spirit being3 ,my mind  
is just as good as a man's4 ,what a  man
 can study1 ,i can learn6 ,what a man   
can do1 ,i can do6--the spirit  would be
 this3 ,i am going out into a woman's   
life1 and it is my  business now to take
 to myself all the wisdom1 counsel1     
experience1 and  inspiration of past    
ages1 that ,i may be the very grandest  
woman that  history has yet seen6 ,i    
will be a land-mark in time3 ,i will be 
a pivot  in history around which the    
earth shall turn4 ,because of my life1  
women  to the end of time shall be able 
to live a truer1 freer1 better life6    
,with this thought in mind1 all the     
academic subjects would still pass  into
 her mind and life1 but they would be   

much more naturally set and  their value
 would be greatly enhanced4 ,then we    
would not have the  too-ambitious woman 
stepping out of college1 or the restless
 and  discontented one4 ,we would have  
the large-minded1 earnest1 noble1       
public-spirited one1 who would go out   
into the world as a fine type of  woman1
 to live a woman's life and do a woman's
 work4 ,married or  unmarried1 she would
 still have a woman's interests1 a      
woman's  influence1 a woman's charm4    
,this higher education may or may not   
include practical studies in  domestic  
science1 nursing1 and household         
emergencies1 but she should  learn      
somewhere the elements of these studies1
 so that when she goes  into a home of  
her own her duties and responsibilities 
will not be met  in a half-hearted and  
untrained way4    #b4 ,mothers should   
have rest-hours and rest-days4 ,is it   
not something  extraordinary1 from a    
purely economic point of view1 that     
while it is  widely recognized that     

every one should have one day in seven  
for rest1  that while business men are  
expected to close up their offices on   
the  ,sabbath1 and all working men and  
women are given this day in the stores1 
the factories1 and mines--the cook and  
maids have their ,sundays out1 and      
their week-day afternoons--that nowhere 
on earth1 so far as ,i know1 has  there 
ever been a systematic arrangement by   
which mothers1 as a class1  have any    
specially arranged hours or days for    
rest6 ,a baby's care does  not stop on  
the ,sabbath1 and the average mother is 
practically on duty1  at least          
over-seeing1 day and night1 twenty-four 
hours out of the  twenty-four1 from one 
end of the year to the other1 no matter 
how many  maids and nurses she may have 
in her employ6    #c4 ,personal income  
and its use4 ,what we buy marks our own 
individuality1  as well as what we do4  
,the woman whose father or husband      
adjusts her  expenses and expenditures  
cannot by any possibility be the kind of

 woman  that the one is who chooses her 
own things1 and spends her money        
absolutely to suit herself4 ,when a man 
buys cigars or fishing-tackle1  his wife
 may prefer to buy oratorios and        
golf-clubs4    #d4 ,mothers should have 
some interest outside of home-tasks1 to 
keep them  in touch with world-interests
 and world-tasks4 ,not all mother's duty
 is  inside the four walls of her home4 
,the race has demands upon her1 as  well
 as her own child4 ,she ought to be     
guarded from that short-sighted  and    
selfish devotion which makes her look   
upon her child as the centre  of the    
universe1 and which leads her to        
sacrifice every hour1 every  thought1   
every talent1 to him alone4    #e4      
,building up the place of a home in a   
community means much more than a        
rivalry with one's neighbors1 as to     
which one shall have the cleanest       
house1 the prettiest or most expensive  
curtains and furniture1 who shall       
entertain the most1 and whose children  

shall present the best appearance  in   
the world6 ,making a social place for a 
family involves a very wide             
acquaintance with really great social   
ideals2 with the best instincts  and    
customs2 with world refinement and      
manners1 as well as those of  one's own 
town or village--with the social        
possibilities of life in  general1 as   
well as the etiquette of ,quinton's     
,corners6 ,to give the  right stamp upon
 her home1 a mother must have a social  
life1 as well as  domestic one4 ,she    
must have time to enter somewhat into   
the activities  of her own neighborhood1
 and must have society after marriage1  
as well  as before4    ,it is a         
different sort of society that she then 
needs4 ,it is not a  boy-and-girl       
society1 with its crude ways1 and its   
adolescent ideas of  life4 ,it is the   
society of earnest1 cultured1 and       
public-spirited men  and women1 each of 
whom is adding something to the general 
store of  interest and ideals2 each of  

whom is doing some phase of social work1
  according to his own talent and       
opportunity4    ,when a mother steps out
 into life in this large way1 makes     
education and  training tributary to her
 mother-life1 and does not stop growing 
intellectually or spiritually1--her     
charm as a woman increases1 instead  of 
diminishes1 every year of her married   
life4 ,her looks mark her  everywhere as
 a supremely happy woman1 and she goes  
out into the world  marked with that    
strange1 deep1 grand impress of         
motherhood and  womanhood1 which has    
always made the true woman not only a   
working-mother1 but a love-crowned      
queen6    ,these and many other thoughts
 flit over one's mind in looking at any 
phase of work1 or any piece of work4 ,in
 the right choice of work lies  the     
fullest use of one's capacities2 in the 
right conditions of work  lies the      
freest play of one's energies2 in the   
right spirit of work lies  the way of   
one's lasting happiness1 and the        

foretaste of eternal joys4    ,thus the 
world is seen to consist of great cycles
 of workers1 rising in  tiers one above 
another4 ,those who do not work are     
quickly cut out from  all participation 
in race-progress and in race-delights2  
those who work  earnestly1 but blindly1 
have their small reward4 ,but those who 
work with  spiritual energy and         
enthusiasm are weaving their handiwork  
into the  very fibre of the universal   
frame4 ,it is for these spiritual       
workers  that the great eagerness of    
life is undying2 for them there is no   
shadow  of fatigue2 for them there is   
the joy of mastery and accomplishment2  
for  them the peace of soul that comes  
from the triumphant achievement of      
one's mission to mankind6    ,,the ,,end