,HERE IS THE DEEPEST QUESTION IN PHYSICS1 AND IT IS NOT RHETORICAL3 THE ,BIG ,BANG SHOULD HAVE MADE EQUAL AMOUNTS OF MATTER AND ANTIMATTER WHICH SHOULD HAVE ANNIHILATED EACH OTHER INTO PURE LIGHT4 ,YET HERE WE ARE4 ,EVERY ATOM IN EVERY STAR1 PLANET1 AND PERSON IS THE LEFTOVER OF A TINY EARLY IMBALANCE FOR EVERY BILLION ANTIMATTER PARTICLES1 THE UNIVERSE MADE ROUGHLY A BILLION AND ONE OF MATTER2 THE BILLION PAIRS ANNIHILATED1 AND THE ,7"6#A0 BECAME EVERYTHING4 ,EXPLAINING THAT SURPLUS THE PROBLEM OF BARYOGENESIS IS ONE OF THE GREAT UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF PHYSICS1 AND THE ZEPTOVERSE PROGRAM OF RARE-DECAY HUNTING IS ONE OF THE LABORATORIES BUILT TO FIND IT4 ,WHAT WE'D NEED ,SAKHAROV'S THREE CONDITIONS ,IN #AIFG1 ,SOVIET PHYSICIST ,ANDREI ,SAKHAROV DISSIDENT1 ,NOBEL LAUREATE1 FATHER OF THE HYDROGEN BOMB WROTE DOWN WHAT ANY SUCCESSFUL MATTER-MAKING PROCESS REQUIRES4 ,THE LIST IS SHORT AND BRUTAL3 #A4 ,BARYON-NUMBER VIOLATION SOME PROCESS MUST CREATE OR DESTROY MATTER PARTICLES2 IF BARYON NUMBER IS PERFECTLY CONSERVED1 THE MATTER COUNT CAN NEVER CHANGE #B4 ;,C AND ,,CP VIOLATION THE PHYSICS MUST TREAT MATTER AND ANTIMATTER DIFFERENTLY3 CHARGE SYMMETRY "<;,C1 SWAPPING MATTERANTIMATTER"> AND CHARGE-PARITY SYMMETRY "<,,CP"> MUST BOTH BE BROKEN1 OR EVERY MATTER-MAKING REACTION HAS AN ANTIMATTER TWIN THAT CANCELS IT #C4 ,DEPARTURE FROM THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM THE PROCESS MUST RUN IN A NON-EQUILIBRIUM MOMENT "2 IN EQUILIBRIUM1 RATES BALANCE AND NOTHING NET CAN BE CREATED ,ALL THREE HAVE BEEN OBSERVED ,,CP VIOLATION EXISTS "4 ,THE PROBLEM IS AMOUNT3 THE ,STANDARD ,MODEL'S BUILT-IN ,,CP VIOLATION IS ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE TOO SMALL TO EXPLAIN THE OBSERVED SURPLUS4 ,SOMETHING ELSE OUTSIDE OUR CURRENT THEORY DID THE JOB4 ,THE SUSPECTS ,MORE ,,CP VIOLATION IN THE QUARK SECTOR BEAUTY PHYSICS IS EXACTLY WHERE TINY RARE ASYMMETRIES SURFACE2 IT'S WHY THE ONE IN TEN BILLION DECAY MATTERS BEYOND THE HEADLINE4 ,L,H,CB ALREADY FOUND ,,CP VIOLATION IN BARYONS"9 IN #BJBE EVIDENCE THE ASYMMETRY RUNS DEEPER THAN THE ,STANDARD ,MODEL ACCOUNTS FOR ,LEPTOGENESIS THE LEADING ELEGANT IDEA3 IF NEUTRINOS ARE THEIR OWN ANTIPARTICLES " AND VIOLATE ,,CP IN THEIR OWN SECTOR1 A MATTER-ASYMMETRY IN LEPTONS"9 COULD HAVE BEEN CONVERTED INTO THE BARYON ASYMMETRY A TESTABLE IDEA BEING HUNTED BY THE NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTS CHASING NEUTRINO MASS "9 ,NEW PARTICLES ENTIRELY ANY HEAVY PARTICLE THAT DECAYED PREFERENTIALLY TO MATTER IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE WOULD LEAVE THE SAME FINGERPRINT3 A RATE MEASURABLY OFF FROM THE ,STANDARD ,MODEL IN TODAY'S RARE-DECAY HUNTS ,HOW THIS CONNECTS TO THE SMALLEST SIGNALS ,THE CHAIN IS UNUSUALLY DIRECT4 ,RARE DECAYS THE ,BP CLASS THE ZEPTOVERSE OPENED ARE PRECISION TESTS OF THE SYMMETRIES ,SAKHAROV'S CONDITIONS REQUIRE TO BE BROKEN4 ,A MEASURED RATE THAT DEVIATES FROM THE ,STANDARD ,MODEL WOULD MEAN NEW PARTICLES INTERFERING IN THE DECAY PARTICLES THAT COULD BE THE MISSING AGENTS OF BARYOGENESIS4 ,THE REASON PHYSICISTS SPENT #DB YEARS HUNTING A ONE-IN-TEN-BILLION DECAY IS THAT THE ANSWER TO 8WHY DOES ANYTHING EXIST0 IS ENCODED IN PROCESSES THAT HAPPEN ALMOST NEVER THE SMALLEST SIGNALS ANSWERING THE BIGGEST QUESTION4 ,WHAT WE KNOW FOR SURE "9 ,THE ASYMMETRY IS REAL MEASURED PRECISELY IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND3 ABOUT #F MATTER PARTICLES PER TEN BILLION PHOTONS1 THE ,7"6#A IN A BILLION0 THAT BECAME EVERYTHING "9 ,,CP VIOLATION IS REAL FOUND IN KAONS "<#AIFD">1 BEAUTY MESONS "<#BJJA">1 AND BEAUTY BARYONS "<#BJBE"> "9 ,THE ,STANDARD ,MODEL'S AMOUNT IS TOO SMALL BY MANY ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE "9 ,THEREFORE3 PHYSICS WE HAVEN'T FOUND YET MADE THE UNIVERSE'S MATTER THE HONEST STANDING OF THE FIELD ,SEE ALSO "9 ZEPTOVERSE THE FRONTIER HUNTING THE MISSING PHYSICS "9 ONE IN TEN BILLION DECAY THE GOLDEN CHANNEL "9 NEUTRINO THE LEPTOGENESIS SUSPECT "9 PROTON DECAY IF BARYON NUMBER CAN BE VIOLATED AT ALL ,REFERENCES - ,SAKHAROV 8,VIOLATION OF ,,CP INVARIANCE1 ;,C ASYMMETRY1 AND BARYON ASYMMETRY OF THE UNIVERSE0 "<#AIFG"> - ,CHRISTENSON1 ,CRONIN1 ,FITCH @& ,TURLAY ,,CP VIOLATION IN ,KP DECAY "<#AIFD">2 ,NOBEL #AIHJ - ,PLANCK COLLABORATION BARYON-TO-PHOTON RATIO - ,L,H,CB COLLABORATION ,,CP VIOLATION IN BARYON DECAYS "<#BJBE">