,VIKTOR ,MYKHAILOVYCH ,GLUSHKOV "<,RUSSIAN3 #H3,B@>@A #H;,E#JI2@>#BH;;,G 2,,CH3@>#B2 #BD ,AUGUST #AIBC #CJ ,JANUARY #AIHB"> WAS A ,SOVIET MATHEMATICIAN AND COMPUTER SCIENTIST REGARDED AS THE FOUNDING FATHER OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ,SOVIET ,UNION AND OF ,SOVIET CYBERNETICS4 ,FROM A LABORATORY IN A ,KYIV SUBURB HE RAN THREE REVOLUTIONS AT ONCE3 HE BUILT COMPUTERS1 FOUNDED A SCHOOL OF THEORETICAL PROGRAMMING1 AND NEARLY A DECADE BEFORE ,,ARPANET PROPOSED A NATIONWIDE COMPUTER NETWORK TO MANAGE THE ,SOVIET ECONOMY1 WHICH THE STATE ITSELF REFUSED TO BUILD4 ,MATHEMATICIAN FIRST ,BORN IN ,ROSTOV-ON-,DON TO A MINING ENGINEER'S FAMILY1 ,GLUSHKOV GRADUATED FROM ,ROSTOV ,STATE ,UNIVERSITY IN #AIDH AND THREW HIMSELF AT ONE OF THE HARDEST OPEN PROBLEMS OF THE DAY3 ,HILBERT'S FIFTH PROBLEM ON CONTINUOUS GROUPS4 ,HIS #AIEA_/#EB DISSERTATION AT ,MOSCOW ,STATE ,UNIVERSITY ,LOCALLY ,NILPOTENT ,TORSION-,FREE ,GROUPS@&1 SUPERVISED BY ,SERGEI ,CHERNIKOV SOLVED A GENERALIZED FORM OF IT AND MADE HIS REPUTATION IN PURE ALGEBRA YEARS BEFORE HE TOUCHED A COMPUTER4 ,KYIV ,IN #AIEF ,GLUSHKOV MOVED TO ,KYIV TO HEAD WHAT BECAME THE ,COMPUTING ,CENTER OF THE ,UKRAINIAN ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES THE FORMER ,LEBEDEV LABORATORY THAT HAD BUILT ,,MESM4 ,ONE OF HIS FIRST ACTS AS DIRECTOR WAS CHARACTERISTIC3 HE INSISTED ON HIRING THE YOUNG ,ALEXANDER ,LETICHEVSKY OVER DIRECTOR ,GNEDENKO'S OBJECTION4 ,LETICHEVSKY BECAME ONE OF THE ,,USSR'S LEADING THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENTISTS4 ,UNDER ,GLUSHKOV THE CENTER COMPLETED THE ,KIEV COMPUTER "<#AIEH">1 THEN BUILT ,DNIPRO "<#AIFA AMONG THE ,,USSR'S FIRST SEMICONDUCTOR GENERAL-PURPOSE MACHINES">1 ,PROMIN "<#AIFC STEPWISE MICROPROGRAMMING">1 AND THE ,,MIR SERIES "<#AIFE#GD"> SINGLE-USER ENGINEERING WORKSTATIONS THAT ANTICIPATED THE PERSONAL COMPUTER4 ,THE SOFTWARE STORY RAN ALONGSIDE3 ,KATERYNA ,YUSHCHENKO'S ,ADDRESS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE "<#AIEE"> SHAPED THE ,KIEV'S INSTRUCTION SET1 AND ,GLUSHKOV AND ,YUSHCHENKO WROTE THE MACHINE'S #AIFB MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION TRANSLATED BY THE ,,US ,AIR ,FORCE IN #AIFF4 ,IN #AIFB THE ,COMPUTING ,CENTER BECAME THE ,INSTITUTE OF ,CYBERNETICS OF THE ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES OF THE ,UKRAINIAN ,,SSR FOUNDED AND DIRECTED BY ,GLUSHKOV UNTIL HIS DEATH2 TODAY IT BEARS HIS NAME4 ,HE FOUNDED THE CHAIR OF ,THEORETICAL ,CYBERNETICS AND ,OPTIMAL ,CONTROL ,METHODS AT THE ,MOSCOW ,INSTITUTE OF ,PHYSICS AND ,TECHNOLOGY "<#AIFG"> AND THE CHAIR OF ,THEORETICAL ,CYBERNETICS AT ,KYIV ,STATE ,UNIVERSITY "<#AIFI">1 AND PUBLISHED NEARLY #HJJ WORKS4 ,THEORY3 DIGITAL AUTOMATA ,GLUSHKOV'S CENTRAL RESEARCH PROGRAM WAS THE THEORY OF DIGITAL AUTOMATA TREATING A COMPUTER AS A MATHEMATICAL OBJECT WHOSE DESIGN COULD BE AUTOMATED4 ,HIS BOOK ,SYNTHESIS OF ,DIGITAL ,AUTOMATA AND THE REGULAR-EXPRESSION-TO-AUTOMATON METHOD NOW KNOWN AS ,GLUSHKOV'S CONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM REMAIN STANDARD RESULTS4 ,THE WORK WON HIM THE ,LENIN ,PRIZE IN #AIFD AND ELECTION TO THE ,,USSR ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES THE SAME YEAR4 ,,OGAS THE NETWORK THE STATE REFUSED ,GLUSHKOV'S MOST AMBITIOUS PROJECT WAS ,,OGAS THE ,NATIONAL ,AUTOMATED ,SYSTEM FOR ,COMPUTATION AND ,INFORMATION ,PROCESSING3 A THREE-TIER COMPUTER NETWORK1 MODELED FROM #AIFB1 THAT WOULD MANAGE RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND INFORMATION FLOW ACROSS THE ENTIRE ,SOVIET ECONOMY 8A HIGHER FORM OF SOCIALIST PLANNING0 THAN THE EXISTING CENTRAL PLAN4 ,SENIOR ,PARTY LEADERS SAW IT AS A THREAT TO POLITICAL CONTROL OF THE ECONOMY2 OFFICIAL INTEREST DIED BY THE EARLY #AIGJ;S4 ,HISTORIAN ,BENJAMIN ,PETERS MADE IT THE CENTERPIECE OF ,HOW ,NOT TO ,NETWORK A ,NATION THE STORY OF THE ,SOVIET INTERNET THAT NEVER WAS4 ,GLUSHKOV PREDICTED THE PAPERLESS OFFICE AND DESIGNED THE MACHINES TO REACH IT4 ,THE STATE DECLINED THE NETWORK4 ,HONORS ,LENIN ,PRIZE "<#AIFD"> ,ORDERS OF ,LENIN "<#AIFG1 #AIGE"> ,,USSR ,STATE ,PRIZES "<#AIFH1 #AIGG"> ,HERO OF ,SOCIALIST ,LABOUR "<#AIFI"> ,UKRAINIAN ,STATE ,PRIZES "<#AIGJ1 #AIHA"> ,ORDER OF THE ,OCTOBER ,REVOLUTION "<#AIGC"> MEMBER1 ,NATIONAL ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES OF ,UKRAINE "<#AIFA">1 ,,USSR ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES "<#AIFD">1 ,GERMAN ,ACADEMY ,LEOPOLDINA "<#AIGJ"> ,,IEEE ,COMPUTER ,PIONEER ,AWARD "<#AIIF1 POSTHUMOUS 8FOR DIGITAL AUTOMATION OF COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE0">4 ,HE DIED IN ,MOSCOW ON #CJ ,JANUARY #AIHB1 AGED #EH4 ,TIMELINE ,YEAR ,EVENT #AIBC ,BORN ,ROSTOV-ON-,DON1 #BD ,AUGUST #AIDH ,GRADUATES ,ROSTOV ,STATE ,UNIVERSITY #AIEA#EB ,DISSERTATION SOLVING A GENERALIZED ,HILBERT'S FIFTH PROBLEM #AIEF ,MOVES TO ,KYIV2 HEADS THE ,COMPUTING ,CENTER #AIEH ,KIEV COMPUTER COMPLETED2 JOINS THE ,COMMUNIST ,PARTY #AIFA ,,NASU MEMBER2 ,DNIPRO FINISHED #AIFB ,FOUNDS ,INSTITUTE OF ,CYBERNETICS2 MODELS ,,OGAS #AIFD ,LENIN ,PRIZE2 ,,USSR ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES #AIFE#GD ,,MIR SERIES PROTO-PERSONAL COMPUTERS #AIFI ,HERO OF ,SOCIALIST ,LABOUR #AIHB ,DIES ,MOSCOW1 #CJ ,JANUARY #AIIF ,,IEEE ,COMPUTER ,PIONEER ,AWARD " ,REFERENCES - ,NATIONAL ,ACADEMY OF ,SCIENCES OF ,UKRAINE ,GLUSHKOV BIOGRAPHY AND HONORS - ,BENJAMIN ,PETERS1 ,HOW ,NOT TO ,NETWORK A ,NATION "<,,MIT ,PRESS1 #BJAF"> ,,OGAS - ,MEMOIRS OF ,VICTOR ,GLUSHKOV "<,DATA,ART EDITION"> THE ,KYIV YEARS - ,GLUSHKOV ,INSTITUTE MUSEUM1 ICFCST4KIEV4UA_/,,MUSEUM MACHINES1 PHOTOGRAPHS1 CHRONOLOGY - ,MALINOVSKY1 ,ACADEMICIAN ;,V4 ,GLUSHKOV "<,NAUKOVA ,DUMKA1 #AIIC"> ,SEE ALSO - ,,MESM ,KIEV COMPUTER ,DNIPRO COMPUTER ,,MIR COMPUTER - ,KATERYNA ,YUSHCHENKO ,ADDRESS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ,SERGEI ,LEBEDEV - ,,OGAS ,PROJECT ,CYBERSYN THE ,CHILEAN COUNTERPART