,A F]AL H"OY BEE COLONY IS A MANAG$ SPECIES LIV+ WILD3 A SW>M T LEFT A BEEKEEP]'S BOX1 BIV\ACK$ ON A BRAN*1 & MOV$ 9TO A CAV;Y TO RAISE BROOD1 BUILD COMB1 & OV]W9T] ON XS [N RES]VES4 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA'S F]AL POPULA;N IS Z OLD Z ! COLONIES SW>MS ESCAP+ COLONIAL SKEPS 7 DRIFT+ AH1D ( SETTLE;T BY ! #AGJJ;S1 & = ?REE C5TURIES WILD H"OY BEES 7 SIMPLY "P ( ! 3T95T'S FAUNA4 ,! NE/ ,TOM ,SEELEY'S "W ON SW>M BIOLOGY E/ABLI%$ :AT A F]AL COLONY ACTUALLY WANTS3 A HOLL[ ( R\ A WALL VOID1 S(FIT1 OR *IMNEY ) A SMALL1 DEF5SIBLE 5TR.E4 ,SC\T BEES EVALUATE C&IDATE CAVITIES & R1* A QUORUM DECI.N1 "O ( ! BETT]-/UDI$ EXAMPLES ( GR\P DECI.N-MAK+ 9 ANY 9SECT4 ,9SIDE1 ! COLONY BUILDS XS EXPOS$-COMB >*ITECTURE ! HANG+ P>ALLEL COMBS ( ! CLASSIC IMAGE & SETS TO ! BUSI;S ( A FREE-LIV+ COLONY3 HO>D+ 5 H"OY TO SURVIVE W9T]1 SW>M+ AG 9 SPR+1 & "<9 ,AFRICANIZ$ T]RITORY"> DEF5D+ ! NE/ ) NOTABLE VIGOR4 ,! V>ROA BOTTL5ECK ,F]AL H"OY BEES 7 3T95TALLY COMMON UNTIL ! #AIHJ;S#IJ;S1 :5 V>ROA DE/RUCTOR >RIV$ & DID TO ! UNMANAG$ POPULA;N :AT X / DOES TO UNTR1T$ HIVES KILL$ MO/ ( !M )9 A FEW S1SONS4 ,! F]AL C5SUS CRA%$ ACR MO/ ( ! RANGE1 & = A DECADE OBS]V]S TR1T$ ! WILD H"OY BEE Z E6ECTIVELY G"O4 ,!N ! SURVIVOR SIGNAL APPE>$4 ,SEELEY'S L;G-T]M POPULA;N MONITOR+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK'S ,>NOT ,=E/ A SITE ^: F]AL COLONIES HE _H SURVEY$ S9CE 2F V>ROA DOCU;T$ ! POPULA;N /ABILIZ+ & "PIALLY RECOV]+ D5S;Y1 & %[$ T ! SURVIV+ BEES _H %IFT$ G5ETICALLY3 NATURAL SELEC;N1 RUNN+ FREE 9 ! WOODS )\T A BEEKEEP]'S 9T]V5;NS1 _H PRODUC$ COLONIES T COEXI/ ) ! MITE4 ,! RESULT 2CAME ! SCI5TIFIC CORE ( 8,D>W9IAN BEEKEEP+0 ! >GU;T T F]AL COLONIES >E A RES]VOIR ( V>ROA-ADAPT$ G5ETICS ! MANAG$ POOL BADLY NE$S4 ,NEIKET 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN =E/S IS "USUPPLI$3 WOOD DUCKS1 KE/RELS1 SCREE* [LS1 SQUIRRELS1 RA3OONS1 NATIVE CAV;Y-NE/+ BEES1 & DOZ5S ( O!R SPECIES ALL NE$ HOLL[S1 & A H"OY BEE COLONY T O3UPIES "O HOLDS X YE>-R.D & DEF5DS X E6ECTIVELY4 ,": F]AL D5SITIES >E HI<1 !Y >E N M]ELY %>+ ! L&SCAPE !Y >E HOLD+ R1L E/ATE 9 X4 ,! SAME LOGIC 9DOORS IS ! SUBJECT ( H"OY BEE 9FE/A;N ! WALL VOID T SUITS A COLONY EQUALLY WELL IS A /RUCTURAL & "S"TS A /++ PROBLEM = ! P 9SIDE4 ,! S\!RN /ORY ,9 ! S\!RN TI] ! F]AL POPULA;N IS 9CR1S+LY ,AFRICANIZ$ ! DEF5SIVE L91GE T R1*$ ,TEXAS 9 #AIIJ N[ DOM9ATES WILD COLONIES F ! ,S\?WE/ "? ,FLORIDA4 ,F]AL COLONIES "! >E COMMON1 VIGOR\S1 & M LIKELY TO TR1T APPROA* Z PROVOCA;N ! R1SON REMOVAL CALLS 9 ^? /ATES C>RY A DI6]5T RISK PR(ILE ?AN A G5TLE SW>M ON A BRAN* 9 ,NEW ,J]SEY4 ,REF];ES - ,SEELEY ,H"OYBEE ,DEMOCRACY "<#BJAJ">2 ,FOLL[+ ! ,WILD ,BEES "<#BJAF"> - ,>NOT ,=E/ L;G-T]M F]AL-POPULA;N /UDIES - ,CRANE ,! ,_W ,HI/ORY ( ,BEEKEEP+ "<#AIII"> - ,CAV;Y-NE/+ COMMUN;Y ECOLOGY LIT]ATURE ,SEE AL "9 ,H"OY BEES 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ,H"OY BEE 9FE/A;N "9 ,AFRICANIZ$ H"OY BEE ! S\!RN F]AL /OCK "9 ,V>ROA DE/RUCTOR ! BOTTL5ECK & ! RECOV]Y "9 ,H"OY BEE COMPETI;N ) NATIVE POLL9ATORS ,NATIVE BEES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA