,! ,AFRICANIZ$ H"OY BEE IS ! MO/ FAM\S UN9T5D$ 9TRODUC;N 9 ,AM]ICAN BEEKEEP+ A DEF5SIVE HYBRID T ESCAP$ A ,BRAZILIAN BRE$+ PROGRAM 9 #AIEG1 COLONIZ$ ! ,AM]ICAS AT A FEW HUNDR$ KILOMET]S A YE>1 CROSS$ 9TO ,TEXAS 9 #AIIJ1 & N[ DOM9ATES F]AL POPULA;NS ACR ! ,U4,S4 S\!RN TI]4 ,X IS ! SAME SPECIES Z E O!R H"OY BEE ON ! 3T95T2 :AT DI6]S IS H[ H>D X DEF5DS XS HOME4 ,AN EXP]I;T T WALK$ AWAY ,9 #AIEF#EG1 ,BRAZILIAN G5ETICI/ ,W>WICK ,K]R IMPORT$ QUE5S ( ! S\!RN ,AFRICAN SUBSPECIES TO ;,SO ,PAULO1 HOP+ TO BRE$ A BEE BETT] SUIT$ TO ! TROPICS ?AN ! TEMP]ATE ,EUROP1N /OCKS4 ,9 #AIEG A VISIT+ BEEKEEP] REMOV$ QUE5-EXCLUD] SCRE5S F ! EXP]I;TAL HIVES1 & #BF SW>MS ) ,AFRICAN QUE5S ESCAP$ ! F.DA;NAL A3ID5T ( ,AM]ICAN BEEKEEP+4 ,! HYBRIDS SPR1D AT R\ SW>M-DRIV51 TAK+ OV] F]AL NI*ES & HYBRIDIZ+ ) OR \-COMPET+ ! ,EUROP1N F]AL /OCK4 ,!Y MOV$ "? ,S\? ,AM]ICA 9 ! #AIFJ;S#GJ;S1 CROSS$ ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA 9 ! #AIHJ;S1 5T]$ ,MEXICO1 & 9 ,OCTOB] #AIIJ"9"9 ! F/ 3FIRM$ ,U4,S4 SW>M 0 CAPTUR$ NE> ,HIDALGO1 ,TEXAS4 ,:AT 8,AFRICANIZ$0 ACTUALLY M1NS ,! 8KILL] BEE0 REPUTA;N RE/S ON A R1L 2HAVIORAL DI6];E ) A MISL1D+ LABEL3 "9 ,SAME V5OM1 SAME /+ AN ,AFRICANIZ$ /+ IS *EMICALLY ID5TICAL TO A ,EUROP1N BEE'S "9 ,DI6]5T ?RE%OLD COLONIES RESPOND TO 4TURB.E FA/]1 ) M BEES1 & PURSUE F>!R HUNDR$S ( MET]S 9 DOCU;T$ 9CID5TS "9 ,M COLONIES NE> P HI<] SW>M+ & ABSCOND+ RATES M1N M NE/+ 9 /RUCTURES ,! RESULT IS N M LE?AL /+S P] BEE1 B _M M /+S P] 9CID5T4 ,DOCU;T$ ATTACKS H KILL$ P & ANIMALS A NUMB] ( DOCU;T$ HUMAN D1?S 9 ! ,U4,S4 S9CE #AIIJ1 & 3SID]ABLY M LIVE/OCK & PETS ALM ALW ": A COLONY 0 4TURB$ OR APPROA*$ UNAW>ES4 ,H[ !Y W9 ,AFRICANIZ$ BIOLOGY TILTS TO SPE$3 SLIM+ & ABSCOND+ RATES1 & ! ABIL;Y TO USURP SMALL ,AFRICANIZ$ SW>MS MOVE 9TO ,EUROP1N-MANAG$ HIVES1 REPLACE ! QUE51 & TAKE OV]4 ,AFRICANIZ$ DR"OS' $GE 9 MAT+ GRADUALLY %IFTS ! F]AL G5E POOL _! DIREC;N4 ,IRONICALLY ! SAME TRAITS MAKE !M "S:AT M RESILI5T TO V>ROA DE/RUCTOR HYGI5E & FREQU5T RE-NE/+ 9T]RUPT ! MITE'S CYCLE & SUP]BLY ADAPT$ TO W>M1 SP>SE-=AGE 3DI;NS4 ,RANGE & ! NOR!RN $GE ,E/ABLI%$ POPULA;NS N[ SPAN AB T5 S\!RN /ATES ,TEXAS1 ,NEW ,MEXICO1 ,>IZONA1 S\!RN ,CALI=NIA1 ,NEVADA1 ,UTAH1 ,OKLAHOMA1 ,>KANSAS1 ,L\ISIANA1 & ,FLORIDA ) ! NOR!RN B.D>Y SET BY W9T] SURVIVAL1 N 2HAVIOR4 ,AFRICANIZ$ COLONIES OV]W9T] POORLY 9 COLD CLIMATES1 : IS :Y ! 8KILL] BEES >E COM+ NOR?0 H1DL9ES ( ! #AIIJ;S DID N MAT]IALIZE3 ! L9E HAS HELD NE> ! S\!RN TI] = ?IRTY YE>S4 ,LIV+ ) !M ,9 ,AFRICANIZ$ RANGE1 ! RULES ( COEXI/;E >E ! REMOVAL 9DU/RY'S3 *ECK 2F 4TURB+ CAVITIES & EQUIP;T1 TR1T A MASS$ COLONY Z HAZ>D\S R ?AN CURI\S1 & CALL TRA9$ REMOVAL R ?AN APPROA*+ A /RUCTURAL COLONY ) A C ( SPRAY ! MAJOR;Y ( S]I\S /+ 9CID5TS 9 ^! /ATES 2G9 EXACTLY T WAY4 ,REF];ES - ,K]R BRE$+-PROGRAM HI/ORY2 ,,USDA ,,APHIS_/,,>S SPR1D RECORDS - ,SAN=D _/ ,HALL ,AFRICANIZ$ BEE BIOLOGY & MANAGE;T LIT]ATURE - ,9CID5T & FATAL;Y REVIEWS "<,,CDC_//ATE H1L? DE"P;TS"> - ,OV]W9T]+-RANGE /UDIES ,SEE AL "9 ,F]AL H"OY BEE ! WILD POPULA;N X DOM9ATES "9 ,H"OY BEE 9FE/A;N REMOVAL 9 ,AFRICANIZ$ T]RITORY "9 ,H"OY BEE 9TRODUC;N TO ! ,AM]ICAS ,H"OY BEES 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA "9 ,V>ROA DE/RUCTOR ! P>ASITE X RESI/S BETT]